google-research-datasets/tydiqa huggingface dataset:
Internal Revenue Service

The IRS originated with the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, a federal office created in 1862 to assess the nation's first income tax, which was to raise funds for the American Civil War. The temporary measure provided over a fifth of the Union's war expenses and was allowed to expire a decade later. In 1913, the Sixteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified authorizing Congress to impose a tax on income, and the Bureau of Internal Revenue was established. In 1953, the agency was renamed the Internal Revenue Service.

Question: When was the IRS established?
Answer: 1913
Yuri Andropov

There has been much contention over his family background.[3] According to the official biography, Andropov was born in stanitsa Nagutskaya (modern-day Stavropol Krai of Russia) on 15 June 1914.[4][5] His father Vladimir Konstantinovich Andropov was a railway worker of Don Cossack descent who died from typhus in 1919. His mother Yevgenia Karlovna Fleckenstein (none of the official sources mentioned her name) was a school teacher who died in 1931.[6][7] She was born in the Ryazan Governorate into a family of town dwellers and was abandoned on the doorstep of a Finnish citizen, a Jewish watchmaker Karl Franzevich Fleckenstein who lived in Moscow; he and his wife Eudokia Mikhailovna Fleckenstein adopted and raised her.[8][9]  Later researches has shown that many details about Andropov's biography were largely falsified during his lifetime which has contributed to the confusion connected to his family history.

Question: Where was Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov born?
Answer: Stavropol Krai
List of wine-producing regions

In 2014, the five largest producers of wine in the world were, in order, Italy,  Spain, and France. (see list of wine-producing countries for a complete rank).

Question: Which country is the largest exporter of wine?
Answer: Italy
Blaxploitation

Blaxploitation or blacksploitation is an ethnic subgenre of the exploitation film that emerged in the United States during the early 1970s. The films, though receiving backlash for stereotypical characters, are among the first in which black characters and communities are the heroes and subjects of film and television, rather than sidekicks or villains or victims of brutality.[1] The genre's inception coincides with the rethinking of race relations in the 1970s.

Question: What is blaxploitation?
Answer: ethnic subgenre of the exploitation film that emerged in the United States during the early 1970s
Marxism

Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis that views class relations and social conflict using a materialist interpretation of historical development and takes a dialectical view of social transformation. It originates from the works of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.

Question: When was Marxism established?
Answer: 19th-century
Microphone

The condenser microphone, invented at Western Electric in 1916 by E. C. Wente,[19] is also called a capacitor microphone or electrostatic microphone—capacitors were historically called condensers. Here, the diaphragm acts as one plate of a capacitor, and the vibrations produce changes in the distance between the plates. There are two types, depending on the method of extracting the audio signal from the transducer: DC-biased microphones, and radio frequency (RF) or high frequency (HF) condenser microphones. With a DC-biased microphone, the plates are biased with a fixed charge (Q). The voltage maintained across the capacitor plates changes with the vibrations in the air, according to the capacitance equation (C = ​Q⁄V), where Q = charge in coulombs, C = capacitance in farads and V = potential difference in volts.  The capacitance of the plates is inversely proportional to the distance between them for a parallel-plate capacitor. The assembly of fixed and movable plates is called an "element" or "capsule".

Question: When was the first microphone invented?
Answer: 1916
Pine City, Minnesota

Pine City is a city in Pine County, Minnesota, in East Central Minnesota. Pine City is the county seat of, and the largest city in, Pine County.[7] A portion of the city is located on the Mille Lacs Indian Reservation. Founded as a railway town, it quickly became a logging community and the surrounding lakes made it a resort town. Today, it is an arts town and commuter town to jobs in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area.[8]  It is also a green city.[9] The population was 3,127 at the 2010 census.

Question: What is the largest city in Pine County, Minnesota?
Answer: Pine City
Monkey Thieves

Monkey Thieves (Hindi: बंदर चोर), also known as Rebel Monkeys, is a documentary series produced by National Geographic, examining the habits and social interactions of rhesus macaques in the city of Jaipur, in northwestern India. Monkey Thieves follows a family of urban macaques within Jaipur's 'Pink City' and all the drama that comes from living close to humans. The series tells the story of the "Galta Gang", a sixty-strong troop that lives in the Galta Temple, a Hindu temple on the outskirts of Jaipur. This bunch live in luxury because worshipers believe they personify Hanuman, the cherished 'Monkey God' who banished evil in the Indian epic Ramayana. Defending their prized home from invaders including neighboring langur monkeys and other troops of macaques, as well as exploring Jaipur in search of food and adventure, keeps this troop in action.

Question: What species are featured in the documentary Monkey Thieves?
Answer: urban macaques
Slavery in South Africa

Slavery in South Africa existed until the abolition of slavery in 1834.

Question: When did the slaves in South Africa gain their freedom?
Answer: 1834
Mahwah, New Jersey

As of 2018, the Mayor of Mahwah is John Roth (2020). Mayor Roth was elected in November 2018 following a recall of the former mayor.[79] Members of the Township Council are Council President David May (2020; elected to serve an unexpired term), Council Vice President George W. Ervin (2022), Janet Ariemma (2022), Robert M. Ferguson III (2022), Michelle Crowe Paz (2020; elected to serve an unexpired term) and James Wysocki (2020).[4][80][81][82][83][84]

Question: Who is mayor of Mahwah, NJ?
Answer: John Roth
Taekwondo

Taekwondo was developed during the 1940s and 1950s by Korean martial artists with experience in martial arts such as karate, Chinese martial arts, and indigenous Korean martial arts traditions such as Taekkyeon, Subak, and Gwonbeop.[4][5] The oldest governing body for taekwondo is the Korea Taekwondo Association (KTA), formed in 1959 through a collaborative effort by representatives from the nine original kwans, or martial arts schools, in Korea. The main international organisational bodies for taekwondo today are the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF), founded by Choi Hong Hi in 1966, and the partnership of the Kukkiwon and World Taekwondo (WT, formerly WTF), founded in 1972 and 1973 respectively by the Korea Taekwondo Association. Gyeorugi ([kjʌɾuɡi]), a type of full-contact sparring, has been an Olympic event since 2000.  The governing body for taekwondo in the Olympics and Paralympics is World Taekwondo.

Question: Where is Taekwondo from?
Answer: Korea
Charlton County, Georgia

Charlton County is the southernmost county of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 12,171.[2] The county seat is Folkston.[3]

Question: What is the southernmost county in Georgia?
Answer: Charlton County
Lee de Forest

Lee de Forest (August 26, 1873 – June 30, 1961) was an American inventor, self-described "Father of Radio", and a pioneer in the development of sound-on-film recording used for motion pictures. He had over 180 patents, but also a tumultuous career—he boasted that he made, then lost, four fortunes. He was also involved in several major patent lawsuits, spent a substantial part of his income on legal bills, and was even tried (and acquitted) for mail fraud. His most famous invention, in 1906, was the three-element "Audion" (triode) vacuum tube, the first practical amplification device.  Although De Forest had only a limited understanding of how it worked, it was the foundation of the field of electronics, making possible radio broadcasting, long distance telephone lines, and talking motion pictures, among countless other applications.

Question: When was Lee de Forest born?
Answer: August 26, 1873
Water Lilies (Monet series)

Water Lilies (or Nymphéas, French:[nɛ̃.fe.a]) is a series of approximately 250 oil paintings by French Impressionist Claude Monet (1840–1926). The paintings depict his flower garden at his home in Giverny, and were the main focus of his artistic production during the last thirty years of his life. Many of the works were painted while Monet suffered from cataracts.[1][2]

Question: When did Monet paint his waterlilies series?
Answer: 1840–1926
Yane Sandanski

Sandanski was born in the village of Vlahi near Kresna in Ottoman Empire on May 18, 1872.[4] His father Ivan participated as a standard-bearer in the Kresna-Razlog Uprising. After the crush of the uprising, in 1879 his family moved to Dupnitsa, Bulgaria, where Sandanski received his elementary education. From 1892 to 1894 he was a soldier in the Bulgarian army. Sandanski was an active supporter of the  Radoslavov's wing of the Liberal Party and shortly after it came to power in February 1899, he was appointed head of the Dupnitsa Prison. Because of that, his name "Sandanski" distorted from "Zindanski" that comes from Turkish "Zindancı" (lit. Dungeon Keeper or Jailer).[5]

Question: When was Yane Ivanov Sandanski born?
Answer: May 18, 1872
Portrayal of women in American comics

The first known female superhero is writer-artist Fletcher Hanks's minor character Fantomah,[7] an ageless, ancient Egyptian woman in the modern day who could transform into a skull-faced creature with superpowers to fight evil; she debuted in Fiction House's Jungle Comics #2 (Feb. 1940), credited to the pseudonymous "Barclay Flagg". The first widely recognizable female superhero is Wonder Woman, from All-American Publications, one of three companies that would merge to form DC Comics. In an October 25, 1940, interview conducted by former student Olive Byrne (under the pseudonym 'Olive Richard') and published in Family Circle, titled "Don't Laugh at the Comics", William Moulton Marston described what he saw as the great educational potential of comic books (a follow up article was published two years later in 1942.[8]) This article caught the attention of comics publisher Max Gaines, who hired Marston as an educational consultant for National Periodicals and All-American Publications, two of the companies that would merge to form the future DC Comics. At that time, Marston decided to develop a new superhero. In the early 1940s the DC line was dominated by superpowered male characters such as the Green Lantern, Batman, and its flagship character, Superman. According to the Fall 2001 issue of the Boston University alumni magazine, it was his wife Elizabeth Hollowy's idea to create a female superhero.[9]  Marston introduced the idea to Max Gaines, cofounder (along with Jack Liebowitz) of All-American Publications. Given the go-ahead, Marston developed Wonder Woman with Elizabeth (whom Marston believed to be a model of that era's unconventional, liberated woman).[9] In creating Wonder Woman, Marston was also inspired by Olive Byrne, who lived with the couple in a polygamous/polyamorous relationship.[10] In a 1943 issue of The American Scholar, Marston wrote:

Question: Who was the first female superhero?
Answer: Fantomah
Toronto District School Board

There are more than 250,000 students[48] in nearly 600 schools within the TDSB. Of these schools, 451 offer elementary education, 102 offer secondary level education, and there are five adult day schools. The TDSB has 16 alternative elementary schools as well as 20 alternative secondary schools. TDSB has approximately 31,000 permanent and 8,000 temporary staff, which includes 10,000 elementary school teachers and 5,800 at the secondary level.[49]

Question: How many schools are in the Toronto school district?
Answer: 600
Michoacán

Michoacán, formally Michoacán de Ocampo (Spanish pronunciation:[mitʃoaˈkan de oˈkampo]), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Michoacán de Ocampo (Spanish: Estado Libre y Soberano de Michoacán de Ocampo), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. The State is divided into 113 municipalities and its capital city is Morelia (formerly called Valladolid). The city was named after José María Morelos, one of the main heroes of the Mexican War of Independence.

Question: Where is Michoacán de Ocampo?\
Answer: Mexico
Christopher Hutton

After the publication of "Official Secret, Hutton retired to Ashburton, Devon, on the eastern side of Dartmoor.[3] He died at the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, of a brain haemorrhage, on 3 September 1965. He was buried in Devon.

Question: How did Christopher William Clayton Hutton die?
Answer: brain haemorrhage
Pteranodon

Pteranodon (/tɪˈrænədɒn/; from Greek πτερόν ( pteron, "wing") and ἀνόδων (anodon, "toothless") is a genus of pterosaur that included some of the largest known flying reptiles, with wingspans over 8 meters (26 feet). They lived during the late Cretaceous geological period of North America in present-day Kansas, Alabama, Nebraska, Wyoming, and South Dakota. More fossil specimens of Pteranodon have been found than any other pterosaur, with about 1,200 specimens known to science, many of them well preserved with nearly complete skulls and articulated skeletons. It was an important part of the animal community in the Western Interior Seaway.[1]

Question: How large was the Pteranodon?
Answer: wingspans over 8 meters
Fort Glanville Conservation Park

Construction of the fort began in 1878. It was officially opened in October 1880 and completed by 1882. Due to changes in the Port River and shipping movements, Fort Largs surpassed it for strategic importance by 1890. By the close of the 19th century, the fort was largely unused and had no defence significance. It was briefly used for military purposes during World War I and World War II, though not for its original defensive role. For much of the 20th century the area was put to a variety of uses including accommodation, a caravan park and a boy scout campsite. After coming into state government hands in 1951 it was declared as a conservation park and is now managed by the Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR); preserving and showcasing its historic value. The fort and surrounds occupy the northern half of the 5-hectare (12-acre) conservation park, the southern half is a caravan park. The fort is a lunette shaped defensible battery that was supported by land forces for self-defence. When constructed it was seen as state of the art, incorporating powerful and modern weapons. Its main armament is two rifled muzzle-loading (RML) 10inch 20 ton guns backed up by two RML 64 pounder 64 cwt guns, both rare in their particular configuration. The fort retains its original 19th century cannons and three have been restored to working condition.

Question: When was the Fort Glanville Conservation Park established?
Answer: October 1880
Almonds in California

Although almonds are not native to California, a hot, dry Mediterranean climate and developed water infrastructure create ideal conditions for commercial cultivation of the crop.[1] The state produces 80% of the world’s almonds and 100% of the United States’ commercial supply.[2]

Question: Where are almonds grown in the United States?
Answer: California
Basketball court

Basketball courts come in different sizes. In the National Basketball Association (NBA), the court is 94 by 50 feet (28.7 by 15.2m). Under International Basketball Federation (FIBA) rules,[1] the court is slightly smaller, measuring exactly 28 by 15 meters (91.9 by 49.2ft). In amateur basketball, court sizes vary widely. The baskets are always 10 feet (3.05m) above the floor (except possibly in youth competition). Basketball courts have a three-point arc at both baskets. A basket made from behind this arc is worth three points; a basket made from within this line, or with a player's foot touching the line, is worth 2 points. The free-throw line, where one stands while taking a foul shot, is located within the three-point arc at 15 feet from the basket. A foul shot is worth 1 point, but if a shot is made from the foul line while in play it is still worth 2 points.[2]

Question: How long is a standard basketball court?
Answer: 94 by 50 feet
Languages of Catalonia

There are four languages with official status in Catalonia (an autonomous community of Spain): Catalan; Spanish- which is official throughout Spain; Aranese, a dialect of Occitan spoken in the Aran Valley; and Catalan Sign Language.[1] Many other languages are spoken in Catalonia as a result of recent immigration from all over the world.

Question: What is the language spoken in Catalonia?
Answer: Catalan; Spanish
History of Trinidad and Tobago

The history of Trinidad and Tobago begins with the settlements of the islands by Amerindians, specifically the Island Carib and Arawak peoples. Both islands were explored by Christopher Columbus on his third voyage in 1498. Trinidad remained in Spanish hands until 1797, but it was largely settled by French colonists. Tobago changed hands between the British, French, Dutch, and Courlanders, but eventually ended up in British hands following the second Treaty of Paris (1814). In 1889 the two islands were incorporated into a single crown colony.[1] Trinidad and Tobago obtained its independence from the British  Empire in 1962 and became a republic in 1976.

Question: When did Trinidad and Tobago become an independent nation?
Answer: 1962
Jurist

A jurist (from medieval Latin) is someone who researches and studies jurisprudence (theory of law).[1] Such a person can work as an academic, legal writer or law lecturer.  In the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, and in many other Commonwealth countries, the word jurist sometimes refers to a barrister, whereas in the United States of America and Canada it often refers to a judge.[2]

Question: What is a jurist?
Answer: someone who researches and studies jurisprudence (theory of law)
Lincoln Town Car

Town Cars were produced across three generations, each using the rear-wheel drive Ford Panther platform.  While designed with its own exterior and interior, chassis and mechanical components were shared with the Mercury Grand Marquis and Ford (LTD) Crown Victoria.  During its production, the Town Car was offered nearly exclusively as a four-door sedan (a two-door sedan was offered for 1981 only).  Outside of the retail segment, many examples of the Town Car were sold for fleet and livery use, serving as a popular limousine platform throughout its production.  From 1983 to its 2011 discontinuation, the Town Car was the longest car produced by Ford Motor Company, becoming the longest mass-production car produced in North America from 1997 to 2011.

Question: Was the Mercury Grand Marquis a coop or a sedan?
Answer: sedan
Democratic Party of Serbia

The Democratic Party of Serbia (DSS) was founded in 1992 by a breakaway nationalist faction of the Democratic Party (DS), which advocated involvement in the Democratic Movement of Serbia (DEPOS).[5]

Question: When was the Democratic Party in Serbia formed?
Answer: 1992
Colossal squid

The colossal squid (Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni, from Greek mesos (middle), onycho (claw, nail), and teuthis (squid)), sometimes called the Antarctic squid or giant cranch squid, is believed to be the largest squid species in terms of mass. It is the only known member of the genus Mesonychoteuthis. It is known from only a few specimens, and current estimates put its maximum size at 12–14m (39–46ft) long and weighing possibly up to 750 kilograms (1,650lb),[3][4] based on analysis of smaller and immature specimens, making it the largest-known invertebrate.

Question: What is the biggest species of squid?
Answer: colossal squid
Department of Transportation (Philippines)

The Department of Transportation (DOTr; Filipino: Kagawarán ng Transportasyon) is the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for the maintenance and expansion of viable, efficient, and dependable transportation systems as effective instruments for national recovery and economic progress.

Question: What is the national agency governing rail transportation in the Philippines?
Answer: The Department of Transportation
Apartheid

Apartheid (South African English:/əˈpɑːrteɪd/; Afrikaans:[aˈpartɦəit], segregation; lit. "separateness") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s.[note 1] Apartheid was characterised by an authoritarian political culture based on baasskap (or white supremacy), which encouraged state repression of  Black African, Coloured, and Asian South Africans for the benefit of the nation's minority white population.[4] The economic legacy and social effects of apartheid continue to the present day.[5][6][7]

Question: What was apartheid?
Answer: system of institutionalised racial segregation
National debt of the United States

Historically, the share held by foreign governments had grown over time, rising from 13 percent of the public debt in 1988[56] to 34 percent in 2015.[57]  In more recent years, foreign ownership has retreated both in percent of total debt and total dollar amounts.  China's maximum holding of 9.1% or $1.3 trillion of US debt occurred in 2011, subsequently reduced to 5% in 2018.  Japan's maximum holding of 7% or $1.2 trillion occurred in 2012, subsequently reduced to 4% in 2018.[58]

Question: How much do we owe to China?
Answer: $1.3 trillion
Superheist

Superheist is an Australian metal band, which formed in 1993. They released two EPs, thirteen singles, one compilation/live album and three studio albums, The Prize Recruit (2001) and Identical Remote Controlled Reactions (2002), both albums reached the top20 on the ARIA Albums Chart. Their comeback album "Ghosts of the Social Dead" (2016) reached #3 on the AIR Charts and remained top 10 for 4 weeks.

Question: What was the first EP released by Superheist?
Answer: 2001
Radical feminism

Radical feminism is a perspective within feminism that calls for a radical reordering of society in which male supremacy is eliminated in all social and economic contexts.[1]

Question: What do radical feminist believe?
Answer: a radical reordering of society in which male supremacy is eliminated in all social and economic contexts
Speed limits in Germany

General speed limits in Germany are set by the federal government. All limits are multiples of 5km/h. There are two default speed limits: 50km/h (31mph) inside built-up areas and  100km/h (62mph) outside built-up areas. While parts of the autobahns and many other freeway-style highways have posted limits up to 130km/h (81mph) based on accident experience, congestion and other factors, many rural sections have no general speed limit. The German Highway Code (Straßenverkehrsordnung) section on speed begins with the requirement [1] which may be rendered in English:

Question: What's the speed limit on the A6 motorway?
Answer: 50km/h (31mph) inside built-up areas and  100km/h (62mph) outside built-up areas
Generic drug

A generic drug is a pharmaceutical drug that has the same chemical substance as the drug that was originally developed, patented and innovated. Generic drugs are allowed for sale after the expiry of the patent of the original drugs. Because the active chemical substance is the same, the medical profile of generics is believed to be equivalent in performance.[1][2] The generic drug has the same active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) as the original, but it may differ in characteristics such as manufacturing process, formulation, excipients, color, taste, and packaging.[2][3]

Question: What's the difference between generic medication and name brand?
Answer: Generic drugs are allowed for sale after the expiry of the patent of the original drugs