google-research-datasets/tydiqa huggingface dataset:
Algebra

The word algebra comes from the Arabic الجبر (al-jabr lit. "the reunion of broken parts") from the title of the book Ilm al-jabr wa'l-muḳābala by the Persian mathematician and astronomer al-Khwarizmi. The word entered the English language during the fifteenth century, from either Spanish, Italian, or Medieval Latin. It originally referred to the surgical procedure of setting broken or dislocated bones. The mathematical meaning was first recorded in the sixteenth century.[5]

Question: What is the origin of the word algebra?
Answer: Arabic
Danny Boy

Initially written to a tune other than "Londonderry Air", English lawyer and lyricist Frederic Weatherly wrote the words to "Danny Boy" in Bath, Somerset in 1910. After his Irish-born sister-in-law Margaret (known as Jess) in the United States sent him a copy of "Londonderry Air" in 1913 (an alternative version of the story has her singing the air to him in 1912 with different lyrics), Weatherly modified the lyrics of "Danny Boy" to fit the rhyme and meter of "Londonderry Air".[2][3]

Question: When was the sonG "Oh Danny Boy" written?
Answer: 1910
Genoa

Genoa (/ˈdʒɛnoʊ.ə/ JEN-oh-ə; Italian: Genova [ˈdʒɛːnova](listen); Ligurian: Zêna [ˈzeːna]; English, historically, and Latin: Genua) is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits.[1] As of the 2011 Italian census, the Province of Genoa, which in 2015 became the Metropolitan City of Genoa,[2] counted 855,834 resident persons.[3] Over 1.5 million people live in the wider metropolitan area stretching along the Italian Riviera.[4]

Question: Where is Genoa?
Answer: in Italy
Constantine the Great

Constantine the Great (Latin: Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus; Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος ὁ Μέγας; 27 February c. 272 AD[1] – 22 May 337 AD), also known as Constantine I, was a Roman Emperor who ruled between 306 and 337 AD.  Born on the territory now known as Niš (Serbian Cyrillic: Ниш, located in Serbia), he was the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman Army officer.  His mother was Empress Helena.  His father became Caesar, the deputy emperor in the west, in 293AD.  Constantine was sent east, where he rose through the ranks to become a military tribune under Emperors Diocletian and Galerius.  In 305, Constantius was raised to the rank of Augustus, senior western emperor, and Constantine was recalled west to campaign under his father in Britannia (Britain).  Constantine was acclaimed as emperor by the army at Eboracum (modern-day York) after his father's death in 306 AD.  He emerged victorious in a series of civil wars against Emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler of both west and east by 324AD.

Question: When was Constantine I born?
Answer: 27 February c. 272 AD
Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff

Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff, the son of Silesian landed gentry, was born on February 17, 1699 on the estate of Kuckädel (now Polish Kukadlo) near Crossen (now the Polish city Krosno Odrzańskie) on the Oder River. After the early death of his father he was raised by his godfather, the chief senior forester Georg von Knobelsdorff. In keeping with family tradition he began his professional career in the Prussian army. Already at 16years of age he participated in a campaign against King Charles XII of Sweden, and in 1715 in the siege of Stralsund.

Question: When was Hans Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff born?
Answer: February 17, 1699
Christian von Ehrenfels

Christian von Ehrenfels (also Maria Christian Julius Leopold Freiherr von Ehrenfels; 20 June 1859 – 8 September 1932)[2] was an Austrian philosopher, and is known as one of the founders and precursors of Gestalt psychology.

Question: When did Christian von Ehrenfels die?
Answer: 8 September 1932
Politics of the Netherlands

The politics of the Netherlands take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, a constitutional monarchy and a decentralised unitary state.[1] The Netherlands is described as a consociational state.[2] Dutch politics and governance are characterised by a common striving for broad consensus on important issues, within both of the political community and society as a whole.[1]

Question: What kind of democracy do the Dutch have?
Answer: representative democracy
2019 Atlantic hurricane season

The 2019 Atlantic hurricane season is an upcoming event in the annual formation of tropical cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere. The season will officially begin on June 1, 2019, and end on November 30, 2019. These dates historically describe the period each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin and are adopted by convention. However, tropical cyclogenesis is possible at any time of the year.

Question: When is hurricane season?
Answer: June 1, 2019, and end on November 30, 2019
Howler monkey

As their name suggests, vocal communication forms an important part of their social behavior.  They each have an enlarged basihyal or hyoid bone, which helps them make their loud vocalizations. Group males generally call at dawn and dusk, as well as interspersed times throughout the day. The main vocals consist of loud, deep guttural growls or "howls". Howler monkeys are widely considered to be the loudest land animal. According to Guinness Book of World Records, their vocalizations can be heard clearly for 3mi (4.8km).[7] The function of howling is thought to relate to intergroup spacing and territory protection, as well as possibly to mate-guarding.

Question: How loud is a howler monkey's howl?
Answer: their vocalizations can be heard clearly for 3
Dublin

Dublin (/ˈdʌblɪn/; Irish: Baile Átha Cliath[11] [ˈbˠalʲə aːhə ˈclʲiə; ˌbʲlʲaː ˈclʲiə]) is the capital of, and largest city in, Ireland.[12][13] It is on the east coast of Ireland, in the province of Leinster, at the mouth of the River Liffey, and is bordered on the south by the Wicklow mountains. It has an urban area population of 1,173,179,[5] while the population of the Dublin Region (formerly County Dublin), as of 2016, was 1,347,359,[7] and the population of the Greater Dublin area was 1,904,806.[14]

Question: What is the population of Dublin?
Answer: It has an urban area population of 1,173,179,[5] while the population of the Dublin Region (formerly County Dublin), as of 2016, was 1,347,359,[7] and the population of the Greater Dublin area was 1,904,806.[
2007 Holiday Bowl

Oneweek prior to the game, Las Vegas casinos favored Texas by 2points.[18] Rivals.com favored Texas by 1½points.[1]  The game was played Thursday, December 27, 2007 at 7:00pm Central in San Diego's 70,561-seat Qualcomm Stadium[11][12] and the official attendance was 64,020.[2] ESPN provided both national television and national radio coverage of the game.[12]  The temperature was 53°F (12°C) at kick-off but dipped into the 40s before the firsthalf ended.[19]

Question: How many people attended the 2007 Pacific Life Holiday Bowl?
Answer: 64,020
Nicola Sturgeon

Nicola Ferguson Sturgeon (born 19 July 1970) is a Scottish politician serving as the fifth and current First Minister of Scotland and leader of the Scottish National Party (SNP) since November 2014. She is the first woman to hold either position. Sturgeon has been a member of the Scottish Parliament since 1999, first as an additional member for the Glasgow electoral region from 1999 to 2007 and as the member for Glasgow Southside since 2007 (known as Glasgow Govan from 2007 to 2011).

Question: Who is the leader of Scotland?
Answer: Nicola Ferguson Sturgeon
List of calendars

Calendars fall into four types, lunisolar, solar, lunar, seasonal, besides calendars with "years" of fixed length, with no intercalation. Most pre-modern calendars are lunisolar. The seasonal calendars rely on changes in the environment rather than lunar or solar observations. The Islamic and some Buddhist calendars are lunar, while most modern calendars are solar, based on either the Julian or the Gregorian calendars.

Question: How many types of calendars are there?
Answer: four
Cylon (reimagining)

Cylons are a fictional artificially-intelligent "species" envisioned in the Battlestar Galactica science fiction series and related franchises. Originally created to serve human needs like other machines, a series of events involving the transfer of a human's consciousness into a Cylon's neural network led Cylons to evolve into sentient, self-aware beings. The original Cylons were purely mechanical.

Question: Who are the Cylons?
Answer: fictional artificially-intelligent "species"
Reginald Fessenden

Fessenden is best known for his pioneering work developing radio technology, including the foundations of amplitude modulation (AM) radio. His achievements included the first transmission of speech by radio (1900), and the first two-way radiotelegraphic communication across the Atlantic Ocean (1906). In 1932 he reported that, in late 1906, he also made the first radio broadcast of entertainment and music, although a lack of verifiable details has led to some doubts about this claim.

Question: What was Reginald Aubrey Fessenden's first patented invention?
Answer: radio technology
Epistemology

Skepticism questions whether knowledge is possible at all. Skeptics argue that belief in something does not justify whether or not it is necessarily true.[7] Characterizing knowledge as strong or weak is dependent on a person's viewpoint and their characterization of knowledge.[7] Much of our knowledge on epistemology is derived from, in particular, rational and philosophical skepticism. [8]

Question: What are the origins of the word epistemology?
Answer: Much of our knowledge on epistemology is derived from, in particular, rational and philosophical skepticism
Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem

The arrest and assassination of Ngô Đình Diệm, the president of South Vietnam, marked the culmination of a successful CIA-backed coup d'état led by General Dương Văn Minh in November 1963. On 2 November 1963, Diệm and his adviser, his younger brother Ngô Đình Nhu, were arrested after the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) had been successful in a bloody overnight siege on Gia Long Palace in Saigon. The coup was the culmination of nine years of autocratic and nepotistic family rule in South Vietnam. Discontent with the Diệm regime had been simmering below the surface, and exploded with mass Buddhist protests against long-standing religious discrimination after the government shooting of protesters who defied a ban on the flying of the Buddhist flag.

Question: On what date was Ngo Dinh Diem assassinated?
Answer: 2 November 1963
Nobel Prize in Physics

The first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to physicist Wilhelm Röntgen in recognition of the extraordinary services he rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays (or x-rays). This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and widely regarded as the most prestigious award that a scientist can receive in physics. It is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death. Through 2018, a total of 209 individuals have been awarded the prize.[2]

Question: Who won the first Nobel prize in physics?
Answer: Wilhelm Röntgen
Norte Chico civilization

The Norte Chico civilization (also Caral or Caral-Supe civilization)[NB 1] was a complex pre-Columbian era society that included as many as thirty major population centers in what is now the Norte Chico region of north-central coastal Peru. The civilization flourished between the fourth and second millennia BC, with the formation of the first city generally dated to around 3500 BC, at Huaricanga, in the Fortaleza area.[1] It is from 3100 BC onward that large-scale human settlement and communal construction become clearly apparent,[2] which lasted until a period of decline around 1800 BC.[3] Since the early 21st century, it has been established as the oldest known civilization in the Americas.

Question: Where is Notre Chico located?
Answer: north-central coastal Peru
Cockrell School of Engineering

The Cockrell School of Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin has more than 7,800 students enrolled in nine undergraduate degrees and thirteen graduate programs. The college is ranked fourth in the world according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities[2] and eighth nationally by U.S. News & World Report,[3] while all graduate programs are ranked in the top twenty nationally.[4]  Annual research expenditures are over $150 million and the school has the fourth-largest number of faculty in the National Academy of Engineering.[5][6]

Question: How many students are enrolled at UT's Cockrell School of Engineering?
Answer: more than 7,800
King of the Hill

Judge began creating King of the Hill during his time making the MTV series Beavis and Butt-Head, which he also created and voiced. After pitching the pilot to Fox, Judge was paired with Greg Daniels, an experienced writer who previously worked on The Simpsons. The series debuted on the Fox network as a mid-season replacement in 1997, quickly becoming a hit. The series' popularity led to worldwide syndication, and reruns aired on Adult Swim from 2009 until 2018. As of July 24, 2018, reruns aired on Comedy Central. The show became one of Fox's longest-running series (third-longest as an animated series, behind The Simpsons and Family Guy).. A total of 259 episodes aired over the course of its 13 seasons. The final episode aired on Fox on September 13, 2009. Four episodes from the final season were to have aired on Fox, but later premiered in nightly syndication from May 3 to 6, 2010.

Question: How many episodes did King of the Hill have?
Answer: 259
Battle of Muar

45th Brigade's losses were devastating, especially in officers, and the brigade was not able to rebuild in the last few weeks of the Malayan campaign. Only 400 Indian soldiers from the 45th Brigade and 500 soldiers from the two Australian battalions escaped with Anderson's force.[33] The brigade was soon disbanded, and the remaining troops were transferred to other Indian brigades. The two Australian battalions fared little better. 271 men from the 2/19th Battalion made it to British lines, but only 130 from the 2/29th Battalion would make it back to British lines before Singapore surrendered.[2] Many men of both battalions were still in the jungle when the campaign ended.[4] According to Peter Graeme Hobbins; in 22 days of fighting (including on Singapore itself) the 2/19th Battalion suffered "more dead, missing and wounded than any other Australian Infantry Force unit in the Second World War", with 335 killed and 97 wounded.[34]

Question: How many people died during the The Battle of Muar?
Answer: 335
Formula One car

The acceleration figure is usually 1.45<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[39500,39507,2,2]}'>G's (14.2m/s2) up to 200km/h (124mph), which means the driver is pushed by the seat with a force whose acceleration is 1.45 times that of Earth's gravity.

Question: How fast do Formula 1 cars go during a race?
Answer: r":[395
Bobo doll experiment

The Bobo doll experiment (or experiments) is the collective name for the experiments performed by Albert Bandura during 1961 and 1963 when he studied children's behavior after they watched a human adult model act aggressively towards a Bobo doll, a doll-like toy with a rounded bottom and low center of mass that rocks back to an upright position after it has been knocked down. There are different variations of the experiment. The most notable experiment measured the children's behavior after seeing the human model get rewarded, get punished, or experience no consequence for physically abusing the Bobo doll. The experiments are empirical methods to test Bandura's social learning theory. The social learning theory claims that people learn largely by observing, imitating, and modeling. It demonstrates that people learn not only by being rewarded or punished (behaviorism), but they can also learn from watching somebody else being rewarded or punished (observational learning). These experiments are important because they resulted in many more studies concerning the effects of observational learning. The new data from the studies has practical implications, for example by providing evidence of how children can be influenced by watching violent media.[1]

Question: When was the Bobo Doll experiment conducted?
Answer: 1961 and 1963
A-ha

A-ha (usually stylized as a-h<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[1236,1241,2,2]}'>a; Norwegian pronunciation:[ɑˈhɑː]) is a Norwegian band formed in Oslo in 1982. Founded by Morten Harket (vocals, guitars), Magne Furuholmen (keyboards, guitars) and Paul Waaktaar-Savoy (guitars), the band rose to fame during the mid-1980s after being discovered by musician and producer John Ratcliff, and continued its global success in the 1990s and 2000s.

Question: When was the AHA formed?
Answer: ː])
Titin

Titin is the third most abundant protein in muscle (after myosin and actin), and an adult human contains approximately 0.5kg of titin.[8]  With its length of ~27,000 to ~33,000 amino acids (depending on the splice isoform), titin is the largest known protein.[9]   Furthermore, the gene for titin contains the largest number of exons (363) discovered in any single gene,[10] as well as the longest single exon (17,106 bp).

Question: What is the longest amino acid?
Answer: Titin
Le Corbusier

Charles-Édouard Jeanneret was born on 6 October 1887 in La Chaux-de-Fonds, a small city in the French-speaking Neuchâtel canton in north-western Switzerland, in the Jura mountains, just 5 kilometres (3.1mi) across the border from France. It was an industrial town, devoted to the manufacture of watches. (He adopted the pseudonym of Le Corbusier in 1920.) His father was an artisan who enameled boxes and watches, while his mother gave piano lessons. His elder brother Albert was an amateur violinist.[3]  He attended a kindergarten that used Fröbelian methods.[4][5][6]

Question: Where was Le Corbusier born?
Answer: La Chaux-de-Fonds
David de Gea

David de Gea Quintana (Spanish pronunciation:[daˈβið ðe ˈxea kinˈtana]; born 7 November 1990) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Premier League club Manchester United and the Spain national team.

Question: Who is the goalie for Manchester United?
Answer: David de Gea Quintana
Cumulonimbus cloud

Towering cumulonimbus clouds are typically accompanied by smaller cumulus clouds. The cumulonimbus base may extend several miles across and occupy low to middle altitudes - formed at altitude from approximately 200 to 4,000m (700 to 10,000ft).   Peaks typically reach to as much as 12,000m (39,000ft), with extreme instances as high as 21,000m (69,000ft) or more.[2]   Well-developed cumulonimbus clouds are characterized by a flat, anvil-like top (anvil dome), caused by wind shear or inversion near the tropopause. The shelf of the anvil may precede the main cloud's vertical component for many miles, and be accompanied by lightning. Occasionally, rising air parcels surpass the equilibrium level (due to momentum) and form an overshooting top culminating at the maximum parcel level. When vertically developed, this largest of all clouds usually extends through all three cloud regions.  Even the smallest cumulonimbus cloud dwarfs its neighbors in comparison.

Question: How high can clouds reach in the atmosphere?
Answer: 21,000m (69,000ft) or more
CityFlyer Express

The management of Air Europe Express quickly started a new airline, Euroworld Airways, and began operations in May 1991 using two Shorts 360 aircraft and staff from the old Air Europe Express. The new carrier also carried on night freight and mail contracts from the defunct airline. The airline soon began flights from Gatwick to Guernsey, Antwerp and Rotterdam, for which two additional Shorts 360s were purchased. At this time, the airline approached several large carriers with a view to establishing a link, but in the event only British Airways was to show any interest, and a code share agreement was struck between the two.

Question: When was CityFlyer Express airline founded?
Answer: May 1991
Raymond Damadian

Raymond Vahan Damadian (born March 16, 1936) is an American physician, medical practitioner, and inventor of the first MR (Magnetic Resonance) Scanning Machine.[1]

Question: Who developed MRI technology?
Answer: Raymond Vahan Damadian
Asian black bear

The Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus, previously known as Selenarctos thibetanus), also known as the moon bear  and the white-chested bear, is a medium-sized bear species native to Asia and largely adapted to arboreal life.[2][3] It lives in the Himalayas, in the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent, Korea, northeastern China, the Russian Far East, the Honshū and Shikoku islands of Japan, and Taiwan. It is classified as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), mostly because of deforestation and hunting for its body parts.[1]

Question: What scientific name does the Asian Black bear have?
Answer: Selenarctos thibetanus
The Pentagon

The building was designed by American architect George Bergstrom and built by contractor John McShain. Ground was broken on September 11, 1941, and the building was dedicated on January 15, 1943. General Brehon Somervell provided the major motivating power behind the project;[5] Colonel Leslie Groves was responsible for overseeing the project for the U.S. Army.

Question: When was the Pentagon built?
Answer: September 11, 1941
List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 2017

Taylor Swift's Reputation was the best selling album of 2017. Singer Ed Sheeran's ÷ is the second best-selling album with 451,000 album-equivalent units, of which 322,000 were pure album sales.[3] Rapper Kendrick Lamar's fourth studio album, Damn, went on to become the third best-seller with 603,000 album-equivalent units in its first week of release (353,000 in pure album sales).[4][5] In the meantime, another Canadian artist Drake's "playlist", More Life, which broke many streaming records, sustained 505,000 album-equivalent units, of which 226,000 were pure sales.[6][7] As of September 2017, the album has moved over 1,864,000 album-equivalent units in the United States, of which 352,000 were pure sales.[8]

Question: What was the best selling album of 2017?
Answer: Taylor Swift's Reputation
Mandeville, Louisiana

Mandeville is a small city in St. Tammany Parish, Louisiana, United States. The population was 11,560 at the 2010 census.[3] Mandeville is located on the North Shore of Lake Pontchartrain, south of Interstate 12. It is across the lake from the city of New Orleans and its southshore suburbs. It is part of the New Orleans–Metairie–Kenner metropolitan area.

Question: What is the population of Mandeville?
Answer: 11,560
Alien (film)

Alien was released on May 25, 1979 in the United States and September 6 in the United Kingdom. It was met with critical acclaim and box office success, winning the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects,[8][9] three Saturn Awards (Best Science Fiction Film, Best Direction for Scott, and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright),[10] and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, along with numerous other nominations.[11] It has been consistently praised in the years since its release, and is considered one of the greatest films of all time. In 2002, Alien was deemed "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant" by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.[11][12][13] In 2008, it was ranked by the American Film Institute as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre, and as the thirty-third greatest film of all time by Empire magazine.[14][15]

Question: When was Alien first released?
Answer: May 25, 1979