google-research-datasets/tydiqa huggingface dataset:
T-44

The T-44A officially entered service with the Red Army on 23 November 1944 but the production started in October.[12] Production took place at the new Factory No. 75 (Zavod 75) in Kharkiv which used the buildings of the old KhPZ Factory No. 183 which were recaptured from Germans on 23 August 1943.[12] To restore the factories  to working order, engineers, workers, machines and tools were sent from Stalin Ural Tank Factory No. 183, located in Nizhny Tagil.[12] The original plans were that the factory would produce 300 T-44As a month. However, only 25 were built by the end of 1944. In 1945, 940 were built, making a total of 965 (190[12] tanks built in 1944 and 1945 were completed by the end of the war). An additional 858 T-44As were made in 1946-1947. The T-34 continued to account for 85% of medium tank production through 1950,[16] and development of a more advanced medium tank with a more powerful 100mm gun proceeded. The relatively brief production run ended in 1947 with a total of 1,823 T-44A tanks built. The reasons for such a brief production run included mechanical teething problems,[17] the end of the war which reduced the Red Army's need for a new tank,[17] and the design's inability to successfully fit a 100mm tank gun.[17] It was replaced on the production lines by the T-54-1 main battle tank, which was more mechanically reliable and could mount a 100mm gun. The superior T-54-2 would replace T-34 production at the Omsk Factory No. 183 in 1950, and the T-54/55 main battle tank series would remain in production until 1981.[2][8]

Question: How many T-44 tanks did the Soviet Union produce?
Answer: 965
Euclid

Euclid (/ˈjuːklɪd/; Ancient Greek: Εὐκλείδης – Eukleídēs, pronounced[eu̯.klěː.dɛːs]; fl. 300 BC), sometimes given the name Euclid of Alexandria[1] to distinguish him from Euclides of Megara, was a Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "founder of geometry"[1] or the "father of geometry". He was active in Alexandria during the reign of PtolemyI (323–283 BC). His Elements is one of the most influential works in the history of mathematics, serving as the main textbook for teaching mathematics (especially geometry) from the time of its publication until the late 19th or early 20th century.[2][3][4] In the Elements, Euclid deduced the theorems of what is now called Euclidean geometry from a small set of axioms. Euclid also wrote works on perspective, conic sections, spherical geometry, number theory, and rigor.

Question: What was Euclid's most important mathematical contribution?
Answer: Elements
Languages of Turkey

The languages of Turkey, apart from the only official language Turkish, include the widespread Kurmanji, the moderately prevalent minority languages Arabic and Zazaki and a number of less common minority languages, some of which are guaranteed by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne.

Question: What language is mainly spoken in Turkey?
Answer: Turkish
Bears Ears National Monument

Bears Ears National Monument is a  United States national monument located in San Juan County in southeastern Utah, established by President Barack Obama by presidential proclamation on December 28, 2016. The monument's original size was 1,351,849 acres (547,074ha), which was controversially reduced 85% by President Donald Trump on December 4, 2017. The monument protects the public land surrounding the Bears Ears—a pair of buttes—and the Indian Creek corridor rock climbing area. The Native American names for the buttes have the same meaning in each of the languages represented in the region. The names are listed in the presidential proclamation as "Hoon’Naqvut, Shash Jáa [sic],[2] Kwiyagatu Nukavachi, Ansh An Lashokdiwe"—all four mean "Bears Ears".[3][4]

Question: When did the Bears Ears national park get signed over?
Answer: December 28, 2016
Republic of China (1912–1949)

In 1912, after over two thousand years of imperial rule, a republic was established to replace the monarchy.[3] The Qing Dynasty that preceded the republic experienced a century of instability throughout the 19th century, suffered from both internal rebellion and foreign imperialism.[8] The ongoing instability eventually led to the outburst of Boxer Rebellion in 1900, whose attacks on foreigners led to the invasion by the Eight Nation Alliance. China signed the Boxer Protocol and paid a large indemnity to the foreign powers: 450million taels of fine silver (around $333million  or £67million at the then current exchange rates).[9] A program of institutional reform proved too little and too late. Only the lack of an alternative regime prolonged its existence until 1912.[10][11]

Question: When did China become a republic?
Answer: 1912
Southend United F.C.

1906–1910: Bob Jack 1910–1911: George Molyneux 1912–1919: Joe Bradshaw 1919–1920: Ned Liddell 1920–1921: Tom Mather 1921–1934: Ted Birnie 1934–1940: David Jack 1946–1956: Harry Warren 1956–1960: Eddie Perry 1960-1960: Frank Broome 1961–1965: Ted Fenton 1965–1967: Alvan Williams 1967–1969: Ernie Shepherd 1969–1970: Geoff Hudson 1970–1976: Arthur Rowley 1976–1983: Dave Smith 1983–1984: Peter Morris 1984–1986: Bobby Moore 1986–1987: David Webb 1987-1987: Dick Bate 1987–1988: Paul Clark 1988–1992: David Webb 1992–1993: Colin Murphy 1993-1993: Barry Fry 1993–1995: Peter Taylor 1995-1995: Steve Thompson 1995–1997: Ronnie Whelan 1999-1999: Mick Gooding 1999–2000: Alan Little 2000-2000: Mick Gooding 2000–2001: David Webb 2001–2003: Rob Newman 2003-2003: Stewart Robson 2003-2003: Steve Wignall 2003-2003: David Webb 2003–2010: Steve Tilson 2010–2013: Paul Sturrock 2013–2018: Phil Brown 2018–present: Chris Powell

Question: Who is head coach of the Southend United F.C.?
Answer: Chris Powell
Murder of Ann Ogilby

Ogilby, aged 31 or 32 at the time of her death,[4][5] was buried in Umgall Cemetery, Templepatrick, County Antrim. Her children Sharlene and Derek were put into care. The Ogilby family received only £149 compensation from the State to cover her funeral expenses.[6] It was later revealed that Ogilby had planned to relocate to Edinburgh, Scotland as soon as her infant son, Derek, was released from hospital (on account of his premature birth).[6]

Question: How old was Ann Ogilby at the time she died in the "Romper Room murder"?
Answer: 31 or 32
The Secret of NIMH

Elizabeth Hartman as Mrs. Brisby, the main character of the film and the widowed mother of Teresa, Martin, Cynthia and Timmy. Her husband, Jonathan, was killed and eaten alive by Farmer Fitzgibbons's pet cat Dragon, and she struggles to take care of her kids by herself. Her main plot in the film is to find a society of lab rats to help her move her home to avoid destruction by Fitzgibbon's plow. Derek Jacobi as Nicodemus Hermione Baddeley as Auntie Shrew John Carradine as The Great Owl Dom DeLuise as Jeremy the Crow Arthur Malet as Mr. Ages Peter Strauss as Justin Paul Shenar as Jenner Aldo Ray as Sullivan Shannen Doherty as Teresa Brisby, Mrs. Brisby's firstborn daughter. She's always willing to help her mother take care of her siblings. Wil Wheaton as Martin Brisby, Mrs. Brisby's firstborn son and second child. He always wants to prove he's big enough to fight everything, and believes that he's not scared of anything. Ian Fried as Timothy "Timmy" Brisby, Mrs. Brisby's second born son and third child. He falls sick with pneumonia and Mrs. Brisby goes on a journey to help find a cure for him. He later becomes the main protagonist in The Secret of NIMH 2: Timmy to the Rescue. Jodi Hicks as Cynthia Brisby, Mrs. Brisby's second born daughter and youngest child. She's the curious one out of the four mice kids. Edie McClurg as Miss Right, a female crow who becomes Jeremy's girlfriend by the end of the film. Tom Hatten as Farmer Fitzgibbons Lucille Bliss as Mrs. Beth Fitzgibbons Joshua Lawrence as Billy Fitzgibbons Charles Champlin, Dick Kleiner, and Norbert Auerbach as the Council rats

Question: Who played the voice of Mrs. Brisby in The Secret of NIMH?
Answer: Elizabeth Hartman
Jewish cuisine

Certain foods, notably pork and shellfish, are forbidden; meat and dairy may not be combined, and meat must be ritually slaughtered and salted to remove all traces of blood.

Question: What foods are Jews not allowed to eat?
Answer: pork and shellfish
History of Protestantism

Protestantism originated from work of several theologians starting in the 12th century, although there could have been earlier cases of which there is no surviving evidence.

Question: When did Protestantism form?
Answer: 12th century
Volleyball

In the winter of 1895[4], in Holyoke, Massachusetts (United States), William G. Morgan, a YMCA physical education director, created a new game called Mintonette, a name derived from the game of badminton,[5] as a pastime to be played (preferably) indoors and by any number of players. The game took some of its characteristics from other sports such as tennis and handball.[6] Another indoor sport, basketball, was catching on in the area, having been invented just ten miles (sixteen kilometers) away in the city of Springfield, Massachusetts, only four years before. Mintonette was designed to be an indoor sport, less rough than basketball, for older members of the YMCA, while still requiring a bit of athletic effort.

Question: What was volleyball first called?
Answer: Mintonette
States and union territories of India

India is a federal union comprising 29 states and 7 union territories, for a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into districts and smaller administrative divisions.

Question: How many Indian states are there?
Answer: 29 states
Sjögren syndrome

The disease was described in 1933 by Henrik Sjögren, after whom it is named; however, a number of earlier descriptions of people with the symptoms exist.[3] Between 0.2% and 1.2% of the population are affected, with half having the primary form and half the secondary form.[7] Females are affected about ten times as often as males and it commonly begins in middle age;[2][3] however, anyone can be affected.[2] Among those without other autoimmune disorders, life expectancy is unchanged.[6]

Question: When was sjögren syndrome first identified?
Answer: 1933
Geography of Fiji

Fiji is a group of volcanic islands in the South Pacific, lying about 4,450 kilometres (2,765mi)  southwest of Honolulu and 1,770km (1,100mi) north of New Zealand. Of the 332 islands and 522 smaller islets making up the archipelago, about 106 are permanently inhabited.[1] Viti Levu, the largest island, covers about 57% of the nation's land area, hosts the two official cities (the capital Suva, and Lautoka) and most other major towns, such as Nausori, Vaileka, Ba, Tavua, Kororvou, Nasinu, and Nadi (the site of the international airport), and contains some 69% of the population.  Vanua Levu, 64km (40mi) to the north of Viti Levu, covers just over 30% of the land area though is home to only some 15% of the population.  Its main towns are Labasa and Savusavu. In the northeast it features Natewa Bay, carving out the Loa peninsula.

Question: Where is Fiji located in the world?
Answer: in the South Pacific, lying about 4,450 kilometres (2,765mi)  southwest of Honolulu and 1,770km (1,100mi) north of New Zealand
Caving

Caving –  also traditionally known as spelunking in the United States and Canada and potholing in the United Kingdom and Ireland – is the recreational pastime of exploring wild (generally non-commercial) cave systems. In contrast, speleology is the scientific study of caves and the cave environment.[1]

Question: What is splunking?
Answer: is the recreational pastime of exploring wild (generally non-commercial) cave systems
National debt of the United States

As of October 2018, foreigners owned $6.2trillion of U.S. debt, or approximately 39 percent of the debt held by the public of $16.1trillion and 28 percent of the total debt of $21.8trillion.[53]  At the close of 2018, the largest foreign holders[54] were China ($1.13 trillion), Japan ($1.02 trillion), Brazil ($313 billion), and Ireland ($287 billion).[55]

Question: What country holds the most U.S. debt?
Answer: China
Cestoda

Cestoda is a class of parasitic worms in the flatworm phylum (Platyhelminthes). Most of the species - and the best-known - are those in the subclass Eucestoda; they are ribbonlike worms as adults, known as tapeworms.  Their bodies consist of many similar units, known as proglottids, which are essentially packages of eggs which are regularly shed into the environment to infect other organisms. Species of the other subclass, Cestodaria, are mainly fish parasites.

Question: What kind of parasite is the tapeworm?
Answer: Cestoda
Nerve conduction velocity

Nerve impulses are extremely slow compared to the speed of electricity, where electric current can flow on the order of 50–99% of the speed of light; however, it is very fast compared to the speed of blood flow, with some myelinated neurons conducting at speeds up to 120m/s (432km/h or 275 mph).

Question: How fast do neuron signals travel?
Answer: speeds up to 120m/s
French language in Canada

French is the mother tongue of about 7.2 million Canadians (20.6% of the Canadian population, second to English at 56%) according to Census Canada 2016.[1] Most native speakers of the French language in Canada live in Quebec, where French is the majority official language. 77% of Quebec's population are native francophones, and 95% of the population speak French as their first or second language.[2] Additionally, about one million native francophones live in other provinces, forming a sizable minority in New Brunswick, which is officially a bilingual province, where about one-third of the population are francophone. There are also French-speaking communities in Manitoba and Ontario, where francophones make up about 4 percent of the population,[3] as well as significantly smaller communities in Alberta, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Saskatchewan – around 1–2%.[3] Many, but not all of these communities are supported by French-language institutions.

Question: What percentage of the Canadian population speaks French?
Answer: 20.6%
Demographics of Turkey

In 2017, the population of Turkey was estimated to be 80.8 million with a growth rate of 1.24% per annum.[1]

Question: What is the population of Turkey?
Answer: 80.8 million
Katherine Schmidt

Katherine Schmidt (February 6, 1899 – April 18, 1978) was an American artist and art activist. Early in her career the figure studies, landscapes, and still lifes she painted drew praise for their "purity and clarity of color," "sound draftsmanship," and "individual choice of subject and its handling."[3] During the 1930s she was known mainly for the quality of her still life paintings which showed, one critic said, "impeccable artistry."[4] At the end of her career, in the 1960s and 1970s, she produced specialized and highly disciplined still lifes of objects such as dead leaves and pieces of crumpled paper, which, said a critic, approached a "magical realism."[5] As an art activist she helped promote the rights of artists for fair remuneration.[6]

Question: What activism did Katherine Schmidt participate in?
Answer: art
Morse code

Morse code is a character encoding scheme used in telecommunication that encodes text characters as standardized sequences of two different signal durations called dots and dashes  or dits and dahs.[2][3] Morse code is named for Samuel F. B. Morse, an inventor of the telegraph.

Question: Who invented Morse Code?
Answer: Samuel F. B. Morse
Copper

Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from Latin: cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkish-orange color. Copper is used as a conductor of heat and electricity, as a building material, and as a constituent of various metal alloys, such as sterling silver used in jewelry, cupronickel used to make marine hardware and coins, and constantan used in strain gauges and thermocouples for temperature measurement.

Question: What is the origin of the symbol Cu for Copper?
Answer: Latin: cuprum
Centre County, Pennsylvania

Centre County is a county in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 census, the population was 153,990.[2] Its county seat is Bellefonte.[3]  Centre County comprises the State College, PA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Question: How many people live in Centre County?
Answer: 153,990
Oil shale

Oil shale is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons can be produced, called shale oil (not to be confused with tight oil—crude oil occurring naturally in shales).  Shale oil is a substitute for conventional crude oil; however, extracting shale oil from oil shale is more costly than the production of conventional crude oil both financially and in terms of its environmental impact.[1] Deposits of oil shale occur around the world, including major deposits in the United States. A 2016 estimate of global deposits set the total world resources of oil shale equivalent of 6.05 trillion barrels (962billion cubic metres) of oil in place.[2]

Question: How is oil shale made?
Answer: Oil shale is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds)
Gheluvelt Plateau actions, July–August 1917

The Gheluvelt Plateau actions, July–August 1917 took place from 31 July to 27 August, during the Third Battle of Ypres (31 July – 10 November 1917) in Belgium, in the First World War. The British Fifth Army and the German 4th Army fought for possession of the plateau, at the highest part of the ridges to the south-east, east and north-east of Ypres in West Flanders. The 4th Army had been building defensive positions in the Ypres Salient since 1915 and the Gheluvelt Plateau was the most fortified section of the front. The Fifth Army had made the plateau its main objective during the Battle of Pilckem Ridge (31 July – 2 August) but the II Corps advance was contained short of its objectives and German counter-attacks later recaptured some ground.

Question: Who fought in the Gheluvelt Plateau actions?
Answer: British Fifth Army and the German 4th Army
Alfred Binet

Alfred Binet (French:[binɛ]; July 8, 1857– October 18, 1911) was a French psychologist who invented the first practical IQ test, the Binet–Simon test.[2] In 1904, the French Ministry of Education asked psychologist Alfred Binet to devise a method that would determine which students did not learn effectively from regular classroom instruction so they could be given remedial work. Along with his collaborator Théodore Simon, Binet published revisions of his test in 1908 and 1911, the last of which appeared just before his death.

Question: When was the first IQ test introduced?
Answer: 1908
Origin of Hangul

The Korean alphabet is the native script of Korea, created in the mid fifteenth century by King Sejong,[1][2] as both a complement and an alternative to the logographic Sino-Korean hanja. Initially denounced by the educated class as eonmun (vernacular writing), it only became the primary Korean script following independence from Japan in the mid-20th century.[3]

Question: When was Hangul invented?
Answer: mid fifteenth century
Two-party system

A two-party system is a party system where two major political parties[1] dominate the  government. One of the two parties typically holds a majority in the legislature and is usually referred to as the majority or governing party while the other is the minority or opposition party. Around the world, the term has different senses. For example, in the United States, Jamaica, and Malta, the sense of two-party system describes an arrangement in which all or nearly all elected officials belong to one of the only two major parties, and third parties rarely win any seats in the legislature. In such arrangements, two-party systems are thought to result from various factors like winner-takes-all election rules.[2][3][4][5][6][7] In such systems, while chances for third-party candidates winning election to major national office are remote, it is possible for groups within the larger parties, or in opposition to one or both of them, to exert influence on the two major parties.[8][9][10][11][12][13] In contrast, in the United Kingdom and Australia and in other parliamentary systems and elsewhere, the term two-party system is sometimes used to indicate an arrangement in which two major parties dominate elections but in which there are viable third parties which do win seats in the legislature, and in which the two major parties exert proportionately greater influence than their percentage of votes would suggest.

Question: Why are there only two parties in America?
Answer: winner-takes-all
Yuri Andropov

Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (/ænˈdroʊpɔːf,-pɒf/;[1] Russian:Ю́рий Влади́мирович Андро́пов, tr.Júrij Vladímirovič Andrópov,IPA:[ˈjʉrʲɪj vlɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ ɐnˈdropəf]; 15June[O.S. 2 June]1914– 9 February 1984)[2] was a Soviet politician and the fourth General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Following the 18-year rule of Leonid Brezhnev, Andropov served in the post from November 1982 until his death in February 1984.

Question: When did Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov become General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union?
Answer: November 1982
Preferred provider organization

In health insurance in the United States, a preferred provider organization (PPO), sometimes referred to as a participating provider organization or preferred provider option, is a managed care organization of medical doctors, hospitals, and other health care providers who have agreed with an insurer or a third-party administrator to provide health care at reduced rates to the insurer's or administrator's clients.

Question: What's a PPO?
Answer: preferred provider organization
Smallpox

Given these risks, as smallpox became effectively eradicated and the number of naturally occurring cases fell below the number of vaccine-induced illnesses and deaths, routine childhood vaccination was discontinued in the United States in 1972, and was abandoned in most European countries in the early 1970s.[10][48] Routine vaccination of health care workers was discontinued in the U.S. in 1976, and among military recruits in 1990 (although military personnel deploying to the Middle East and Korea still receive the vaccination[49]). By 1986, routine vaccination had ceased in all countries.[10] It is now primarily recommended for laboratory workers at risk for occupational exposure.[22]

Question: When was the smallpox vaccine discontinued in the U.S.?
Answer: health care workers was discontinued in the U.S. in 1976, and among military recruits in 1990
Androphilia and gynephilia

Androphilia and gynephilia are terms used in behavioral science to describe sexual orientation, as an alternative to a gender binary homosexual and heterosexual conceptualization. Androphilia describes sexual attraction to men or masculinity; gynephilia describes the sexual attraction to women or femininity.[1] Ambiphilia describes the combination of both androphilia and gynephilia in a given individual, or bisexuality.[2]

Question: What is the study of sexual attraction in humans called?
Answer: Androphilia and gynephilia