google-research-datasets/tydiqa huggingface dataset:
Thermostat

Warren S. Johnson (1847–1911) of Wisconsin patented a bi-metal room thermostat in 1883, and two years later filed a patent for the first multi-zone thermostatic control system.[5][6] Albert Butz (1849–1905) invented the electric thermostat and patented it in 1886.

Question: Who invented the thermostat?
Answer: Warren S. Johnson
Tugs (TV series)

Due to the bankruptcy of Television South, the series did not continue production past 13 episodes. Following the initial airing of the series throughout 1989, television rights were sold to an unknown party, while all models and sets from the series sold to Britt Allcroft. Modified set props and tugboat models were used in Thomas & Friends from 1991 onwards, with footage from the original program being heavily dubbed and edited for use in the American children's series Salty's Lighthouse.

Question: How many episodes of the British TV series "Tugs" were there?
Answer: 13
Catherine Mulgrave

Catherine Elisabeth Mulgrave also Gewe (19 November 1827 ─ 14 January 1891) was an Angolan-born Jamaican Moravian pioneer educator, administrator and missionary who accompanied a group of 24 Caribbean mission recruits from Jamaica and Antigua and  arrived in the Danish Protectorate of Christiansborg, now Osu, Accra in Ghana in 1843.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Mulgrave was a leading figure in pedagogy and the education programme for girls in both Jamaica and on the Gold Coast.[1][2][3][6][7] She was the Basel Mission’s first female teacher active on the Gold Coast.[1][2][3][6][7] Under the auspices of the society, she played a pioneering role in the Christian women ministry of the Protestant movement in colonial Ghana.[1] Catherine Mulgrave was also one of the first African woman teachers in the missionary educationalist system in Africa.[1][2][3][6][7]

Question: When was Catherine Elisabeth Mulgrave born?
Answer: 19 November 1827
Pan-American Highway

The Pan-American Highway[1] is a network of roads stretching across the American continents and measuring about 30,000 kilometres (19,000mi)[2] in total length. Except for a rainforest break of approximately 160km (100mi), called the Darién Gap, the roads link almost all of the Pacific coastal countries of the Americas in a connected highway system. According to Guinness World Records, the Pan-American Highway is the world's longest "motorable road". However, because of the Darién Gap, it is not possible to cross between South America and Central America with conventional highway vehicles.  Without an all-terrain vehicle, it is necessary to circumnavigate this terrestrial stretch by sea.

Question: What's the longest highway in the world?
Answer: Pan-American Highway
Religion in Algeria

Islam, the religion of almost all of the Algerian people, pervades most aspects of life. It provides the society with its central social and cultural identity and gives most individuals their basic ethical beliefs.[3]

Question: What is Algeria religion?
Answer: Islam
Mass

The basic SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). In physics, mass is not the same as weight, even though mass is often determined by measuring the object's weight using a spring scale, rather than balance scale comparing it directly with known masses. An object on the Moon would weigh less than it does on Earth because of the lower gravity, but it would still have the same mass. This is because weight is a force, while mass is the property that (along with gravity) determines the strength of this force.

Question: How is mass measured?
Answer: kilogram
Kings Island

Kings Island is a 364-acre (147ha) amusement park located 24 miles (39km) northeast of Cincinnati in Mason, Ohio. Owned and operated by Cedar Fair, the park first opened in 1972 by the Taft Broadcasting Company. It was part of a larger effort to move and expand Coney Island, a popular resort destination along the banks of the Ohio River that was prone to frequent flooding. After more than $300 million in capital investments,[4] the park features over 100 attractions including fourteen roller coasters and a 33-acre (13ha) water park.

Question: How large is King's Island?
Answer: 364-acre
Latvian language

Latvian (Latviešu valoda [ˈlatviɛʃu ˈvaluɔda]) is a Baltic language spoken in the Baltic region. It is the language of Latvians and the official language of Latvia as well as one of the official languages of the European Union. It is sometimes known in English as Lettish[1], and cognates of the word remain the most commonly used name for the Latvian language in Germanic languages other than English. There are about 1.3 million native Latvian speakers in Latvia and 100,000 abroad. Altogether, 2 million, or 80% of the population of Latvia, speak Latvian.[4] Of those, 1.16 million or 56% use it as their primary language at home.[5] The use of the Latvian language in various areas of social life in Latvia is increasing.[6]

Question: What language is spoken in Latvia?
Answer: Latvian
Tax

The first known system of taxation was in Ancient Egypt around 3000–2800 BC in the First Dynasty of Egypt of the Old Kingdom of Egypt.[28] The earliest and most widespread form of taxation was the corvée and tithe. The corvée was forced labour provided to the state by peasants too poor to pay other forms of taxation (labour in ancient Egyptian is a synonym for taxes).[29] Records from the time document that the Pharaoh would conduct a biennial tour of the kingdom, collecting tithes from the people. Other records are granary receipts on limestone flakes and papyrus.[30] Early taxation is also described in the Bible. In Genesis (chapter 47, verse 24 – the New International Version), it states "But when the crop comes in, give a fifth of it to Pharaoh. The other four-fifths you may keep as seed for the fields and as food for yourselves and your households and your children". Joseph was telling the people of Egypt how to divide their crop, providing a portion to the Pharaoh. A share (20%) of the crop was the tax (in this case, a special rather than an ordinary tax, as it was gathered against an expected famine).[31]

Question: What is the first known example of taxes in history?
Answer: corvée and tithe
Max Frisch

Frisch was already a regular visitor at the Zürich Playhouse (Schauspielhaus) while still a student. Drama in Zürich was experiencing a golden age at this time, thanks to the flood of theatrical talent in exile from Germany and Austria. From 1944 the Playhouse director Kurt Hirschfeld encouraged Frisch to work for the theatre, and backed him when he did so. In Santa Cruz, his first play, written in 1944 and first performed in 1946, Frisch, who had himself been married since 1942, addressed the question of how the dreams and yearnings of the individual could be reconciled with married life. In his 1944 novel J'adore ce qui me brûle (I adore that which burns me) he had already placed emphasis on the incompatibility between the artistic life and respectable middle class existence. The novel reintroduces as its protagonist the artist Jürg Reinhart, familiar to readers of Frisch's first novel, and in many respects a representation of the author himself. It deals with a love affair that ends badly. This same tension is at the centre of a subsequent narrative by Frisch published, initially, by Atlantis in 1945 and titled Bin oder Die Reise nach Peking (Bin or the Journey to Beijing).

Question: When was the first performance of one of Max Rudolf Frisch's plays?
Answer: 1946
Richard Adams

Richard George Adams (9 May 1920 – 24 December 2016)[2] was an English novelist and writer of the books Watership Down, Shardik and The Plague Dogs. He studied modern history at university before serving in the British Army during World War II. Afterwards, he completed his studies, and then joined the British Civil Service. In 1974, two years after Watership Down was published, Adams became a full-time author.[3][4]

Question: When was Richard Adams born?
Answer: 9 May 1920
Football pitch

The pitch is rectangular in shape. The longer sides are called touchlines. The other opposing sides are called the goal lines. The two goal lines must be between 45 and 90m (50 and 100yd) wide, and be the same length.[3] The two touchlines be between 90 and 120m (100 and 130yd) long, and be the same length.[3] All lines on the ground must be equally wide, not to exceed 12cm (5in).[3] The corners of the pitch are marked by corner flags.[4]

Question: How long is a soccer field?
Answer: between 90 and 120m (100 and 130yd) long
Military history of Australia during World War II

Australia entered World WarII on 3 September 1939, following the government's acceptance of the United Kingdom's declaration of war on Nazi Germany. Following attacks on Allied countries, the Australian government later declared war on other members of the Axis powers, including the Kingdom of Italy (11 June 1940) and the Empire of Japan (8 December 1941).  By the end of the war, almost a million Australians had served in the armed forces, whose military units fought primarily in the European theatre, North African campaign, and the South West Pacific theatre. In addition, Australia came under direct attack for the first time in its post-colonial history. Its casualties from enemy action during the war were 27,073 killed and 23,477 wounded.[1]

Question: How many Australians served in WW2?
Answer: almost a million
Garry Marshall

Garry Kent Marshall (November 13, 1934 – July 19, 2016)[2] was an American film director, film producer, screenwriter, and actor, best known for creating Happy Days and its various spin-offs, developing Neil Simon's 1965 play The Odd Couple for television, and directing Pretty Woman, Beaches, Runaway Bride, Valentine's Day, New Year's Eve, Mother's Day, The Princess Diaries, and The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement.

Question: When was Garry Marshall born?
Answer: November 13, 1934
Michael Bruxner

Bruxner started his military career when he was commissioned as a second lieutenant on 11 September 1911 in the 6th Australian (New England) Light Horse, Citizen Military Forces, which was redesignated the 5th the following year. When the First World War broke out in September 1914, Bruxner joined up soon after on 10 October 1914 with the 6th Light Horse Regiment in the Australian Imperial Force.[5] Promoted to captain, Bruxner was sent with his unit to take part in the Gallipoli Campaign, being wounded several times. Later, in 1916, he commanded the 6th during part of the Battle of Romani and served with distinction in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, for which he was mentioned in despatches twice.[5][6] On 30 May 1917 was appointed by the President of France, Raymond Poincaré, as a Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur "in recognition of distinguished services during the campaign".[5][7] Also in 1917, Bruxner was appointed to General Headquarters and rose to be assistant adjutant and quartermaster-general of the ANZAC Mounted Division.[5] For his service he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and appointed as a Companion of the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in 1919.[8]

Question: When did Michael Frederick Bruxner become a Lieutenant Colonel?
Answer: 1919
History of the Republic of Turkey

The Republic of Turkey was created after the overthrow of Sultan Mehmet VI Vahdettin by the new Republican Parliament in 1922. This new regime delivered the coup de grâce to the Ottoman state which had been practically wiped away from the world stage following the First World War.

Question: When did Turkey become a republic?
Answer: 1922
Squarepusher

Using the same equipment from the sessions that produced the majority of Feed Me Weird Things  Tom now set about working on the material for his first album for Warp. His broad conception for this record was "to push away from the jazz influence that was being felt at the time to a more soundtrack-type of sound". According to Tom he was listening to, amongst other things, early Lalo Schifrin and the "Deathwish" soundtrack by Herbie Hancock around this time. That said, the album also contains some abrupt diversions into quite different musical territory, evidenced in what Tom calls the "Industrial Psychedelia" of "Chin Hippy" and "Rustic Raver".

Question: What was the first album released by Tom Jenkinson?
Answer: Warp
Germans

Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world,[27] roughly 80million consider themselves Germans. There are an additional 80million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 4] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied[1] (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.).

Question: How many Germans are in the world?
Answer: roughly 80million
American Heart Association

The American Heart Association (AHA) is a non-profit organization in the United States that funds cardiovascular medical research[1], educates consumers on healthy living[2] and fosters appropriate cardiac care in an effort to reduce disability and deaths caused by cardiovascular disease and stroke. Originally formed in New York City in 1924 as the Association for the Prevention and Relief of Heart Disease,[3] it is currently headquartered in Dallas, Texas. The American Heart Association is a national voluntary health agency.

Question: When was the American Heart Association formed?
Answer: 1924
Kano (Mortal Kombat)

Kano is a fictional character from the Mortal Kombat fighting game franchise. He is one of the series' original characters, having made his debut in Mortal Kombat in 1992. A calculating mercenary, and member of the international crime cartel known as the Black Dragon, Kano is also the top fugitive and persistent nemesis of Sonya Blade and Jax Briggs of the Special Forces, which has been his primary storyline throughout the course of his Mortal Kombat series appearances, and in Mortal Kombat 3, he also becomes the general of Outworld emperor Shao Kahn's armies. In the 2011 series reboot, he additionally poses as a crooked Special Forces informant and serves as Kahn's arms dealer. His most recognizable feature is his cybernetic metal faceplate that houses an infrared eye laser.

Question: When was the character Kano introduced in the game Mortal Kombat?
Answer: 1992
United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey

Richard Stockton (1789 – 1791) Abraham Ogden (1791 – 1798) Lucius Horatio Stockton (1798 – 1801) Frederick Frelinghuysen (1801) George C. Maxwell (1801 – 1803) William S. Pennington (1803 – 1804) Joseph McIlvaine (1804 – 1824) Lucius Q.C. Elmer (1824 – 1829) Garret D. Wall (1829 – 1835) James S. Green (1835 – 1850) William Halstead (1850 – 1853) Garret S. Cannon (1853 – 1861) Anthony Q. Keasbey (1861 – 1886) Job H. Lippincott (1886 – 1887) Samuel F. Bigelow (1887 – 1888) George S. Duryee (1888 – 1890) Henry S. White (1890 – 1894) John W. Beekman (1894 – 1896) J. Kearney Rice (1896 – 1900) David Ogden Watkins (1900 – 1903) Cortlandt Parker, Jr. (1903) John B. Vreeland (1903 – 1913) J. Warren Davis (1913 – 1916) Charles Francis Lynch (1916 – 1919) Joseph L. Bodine (1919 – 1920) Elmer H. Geran (1920 – 1922) Walter G. Winne (1922 – 1928) Phillip Forman (1928 – 1932) Harlan Besson (1932 – 1935) John J. Quinn (1935 – 1940) William F. Smith (1940 – 1941) Charles M. Phillips (1941 – 1943) Thorn Lord (1943 – 1945) Edgar H. Rossbach (1945 – 1948) Isaiah Matlack (1948) Alfred E. Modarelli (1948 – 1951) Grover C. Richman, Jr. (1951 – 1953) William F. Tompkins (1953 – 1954) Raymond Del Tufo, Jr. (1954 – 1956) Herman Scott (1956) Chester A. Weidenburner (1956 – 1961) David M. Satz, Jr. (1961 – 1969) Donald Horowitz (1969) Frederick B. Lacey (1969 – 1971) Herbert J. Stern (1971 – 1973) Jonathan L. Goldstein (1974 – 1977) Robert J. Del Tufo (1977 – 1980) William W. Robertson (1980 – 1981) W. Hunt Dumont (1981 – 1985) Thomas W. Greelish (1985 – 1987) Samuel Alito, Jr. (1987 – 1990) Michael Chertoff (1990 – 1994) Faith S. Hochberg (1994 – 1999) Robert J. Cleary (1999 – 2002) Christopher J. Christie (2002 – 2008) Ralph J. Marra, Jr. (2008 - 2009) Paul J. Fishman (2009–2017) William E. Fitzpatrick (2017-2018) Craig Carpenito (2018-Present)

Question: Who is the current DA for New Jersey?
Answer: Craig Carpenito
Kim Jong-il

Kim Jong-il (officially transcribed Kim Jong Il; Korean:김정일; Korean pronunciation:[kim.dzɔŋ.il];[lower-alpha 1] 16 February 1941 – 17 December 2011) was the second Supreme Leader of North Korea. He ruled from the death of his father Kim Il-sung, the first Supreme Leader of North Korea, in 1994 until his own death in 2011. He was an unelected dictator and was often accused of human rights violations.[2]

Question: When did Kim Hong-il die?
Answer: 17 December 2011
Dimetrodon

Dimetrodon was a quadrupedal, sail-backed synapsid. Most Dimetrodon species ranged in length from 1.7 to 4.6 metres (6 to 15ft) and are estimated to have weighed between 28 and 250 kilograms (60 and 550lb).[6] The largest known species of Dimetrodon is D.angelensis at 4.6 metres (15ft) and the smallest is D.teutonis at 60 centimetres (24in).[7][8] The larger species of Dimetrodon were among the largest predators of the Early Permian, although the closely related Tappenosaurus, known from skeletal fragments in slightly younger rocks, may have been even larger at an estimated 5.5 metres (18ft) in total body length.[9][10] Although some Dimetrodon species could grow very large, many juvenile specimens are known.[11]

Question: How tall was Dimetrodon?
Answer: 6 to 15ft
Canada's Worst Driver

Canada's Worst Driver is a Canadian television series on Discovery Channel, based on Britain's Worst Driver and is part of the Worst Driver television franchise. The series is produced by Proper Television, whose president, Guy O'Sullivan, was the director of the original Britain's Worst Driver series until its cancellation in 2003. O'Sullivan served as executive producer of Canada's Worst Driver until his death in April 2017, doubling as executive producer of sister series Canada's Worst Handyman until its cancellation in 2011. As such, Canada's Worst Driver is considered to be the production company's flagship show and, with 14 seasons aired as of December 2018, the longest-running of any Worst series to date. Unlike other Worst series around the world, where being a graduate is rewarded with a new car while the Worst Driver has their car destroyed, Canada's Worst Driver emphasizes the learning process of the contestants and the science of driving and is often more serious than any other Worst Driver version around the world, awarding no prizes aside from a trophy at the end of each season for being named the worst (with the exception of season twelve, in which, despite ultimately being named the worst, Krystal McCann wasn't even worthy of being awarded the trophy, leading to Tyler Dupont becoming the first-ever nominee to be awarded the "Final Graduate" trophy), as the point of the show is to educate rather than entertain, as other versions are mainly comedic. The series is also aired dubbed in French in Canada as Les Pires Chauffards Canadiens on the Z channel. Until 2011, when Canada's Worst Handyman was cancelled and later replaced in 2015 with Blood, Sweat & Tools, Canada's Worst Driver and Canada's Worst Handyman were the two highest-rated programs on Discovery Channel Canada.

Question: How many seasons does Canada's Worst Driver have?
Answer: 14
Peter Dinklage

Since shooting the pilot episode in 2009, Dinklage has portrayed Tyrion Lannister on the HBO television series Game of Thrones, for which he won three Primetime Emmys from seven consecutive nominations. He also received a Golden Globe for the role in 2012.

Question: Who plays Tyrion Lannister in the Game of Thrones TV adaptation?
Answer: Dinklage
Sacred Relics (Topkapı Palace)

The various relics of Muhammad, his followers, and other items purportedly associated with Muhammad were brought to Topkapı Palace in Istanbul, where they remain to this day.

Question: What kind of historical relics does the Topkapi Palace hold?
Answer: various relics of Muhammad
Leap year

The name "leap year" probably comes from the fact that while a fixed date in the Gregorian calendar normally advances one day of the week from one year to the next, the day of the week in the 12 months following the leap day (from March 1 through February 28 of the following year) will advance two days due to the extra day (thus "leaping over" one of the days in the week).[2][3] For example, Christmas Day (December 25) fell on a Sunday in 2016, and Monday in 2017, then it fell on Tuesday in 2018, and will fall on Wednesday in 2019 but then "leaps" over Thursday to fall on a Friday in 2020.

Question: When is the next leap year?
Answer: 2020
Heinz Field

Heinz Field is a stadium located in the North Shore neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. It primarily serves as the home to the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL) and the Pittsburgh Panthers of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The stadium opened in 2001, after the controlled implosion of the teams' previous stadium, Three Rivers Stadium. The stadium is named for the locally based H. J. Heinz Company, which purchased the naming rights in 2001. It hosted the 2011 NHL Winter Classic between the Pittsburgh Penguins and Washington Capitals on January 1, 2011. On September 10, 2016, it hosted the Keystone Classic, which featured a renewal of the Penn State-Pitt football rivalry, setting a new attendance record at 69,983 people. In 2017 it hosted the Coors Light Stadium Series game featuring the Pittsburgh Penguins and Philadelphia Flyers.

Question: What is the name of the Steelers home stadium in Pittsburg?
Answer: Heinz Field
Battles involving the Maratha Empire

After a lifetime of warfare with Adilshah of Bijapur and Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, Shivaji founded an independent Maratha kingdom in 1674 with Raigad as its capital. Shivaji died in 1680, leaving behind a large kingdom. After Shivaji, Sambhaji took up throne and expanded Hindavi Swaraj. He built strong army as well as strong navy. Mughal emperor Aurangzeb sacrificed his throne and came to Deccan to defeat Sambhaji. The Mughals invaded, fighting an unsuccessful War of 27 years from 1681 to 1707. Shahu, a grandson of Shivaji, ruled as emperor until 1749. During his reign, Shahu appointed the first Peshwa as head of the government, under certain conditions. After the death of Shahu, the Peshwas became the de facto leaders of the Empire from 1749 to 1761, while Shivaji's successors continued as nominal rulers from their base in Satara. Covering a large part of the subcontinent, the Maratha Empire kept the British forces at bay during the 18th century, until internal relations between the Peshwas and their sardars (army commanders) deteriorated, provoking its gradual downfall.

Question: How long did The Maratha Conquests last?
Answer: 27 years
GMT Games

GMT's name comes from the first name initials of founders Gene Billingsley, Mike Crane, and Terry Shrum. However, Crane and Shrum soon split acrimoniously with GMT, and founded their own company, the Fresno Gaming Association.

Question: Who founded GMT Games?
Answer: Gene Billingsley, Mike Crane, and Terry Shrum
Reign of Terror

Between June 1793 and the end of July 1794, there were 16,594 official death sentences in France, of which 2,639 were in Paris.[2][4]

Question: How many people died in the French Revolution?
Answer: 16,594
Ruth Laredo

Ruth Laredo (November 20, 1937–May 25, 2005) was an American classical pianist.

Question: When did Ruth Laredo die?
Answer: –May 25, 2005
Cairns

Cairns (/ˈkɛərnz/, locally /ˈkænz/(listen))[5][note 1] is a city in the Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia.[7] It is on the east coast of Far North Queensland. The city is the 5th-most-populous in Queensland and ranks 14th overall in Australia.

Question: Where is Cairns in Australia?
Answer: Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia