google-research-datasets/tydiqa huggingface dataset:
Election Day (United States)

In 1845, the United States was largely an agrarian society. Farmers often needed a full day to travel by horse-drawn vehicles to the county seat/parish seat to vote. Tuesday was established as election day because it did not interfere with the Biblical Sabbath or with market day, which was on Wednesday in many towns.[7]

Question: Why is voting day on a Tuesday?
Answer: because it did not interfere with the Biblical Sabbath or with market day, which was on Wednesday in many towns
Medical ethics

There are several other codes of conduct. The Hippocratic Oath discusses basic principles for medical professionals. This document dates back to the fifth century BCE.[5] Both The Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and The Nuremberg Code (1947) are two well-known and well respected documents contributing to medical ethics. Other important markings in the history of Medical Ethics include Roe v. Wade in 1973 and the development of Hemodialysis in the 1960s. As this field continues to develop and change throughout history, the focus remains on fair, balanced, and moral thinking. Medical ethics encompasses a practical application in clinical settings as well as scholarly work on its history, philosophy, and sociology.

Question: When were medical ethics created?
Answer: fifth century BCE
Slavija Square

Slavija Square (Serbian: Трг Славија, romanized:Trg Slavija) is a major commercial junction, situated between the intersections of Kralja Milana, Beogradska, Makenzijeva, Svetosavska, Bulevar oslobođenja, Deligradska and Nemanjina streets in Belgrade. The square was previously named Dimitrije Tucović Square after the prominent Serbian socialist.[1]

Question: Where is Salvija Square located?
Answer: between the intersections of Kralja Milana, Beogradska, Makenzijeva, Svetosavska, Bulevar oslobođenja, Deligradska and Nemanjina streets in Belgrade
Mauna Kea

Mauna Kea (/ˌmɔːnə ˈkeɪ.ə/ or /ˌmaʊnə ˈkeɪ.ə/, Hawaiian:[ˈmɐwnə ˈkɛjə]) is a dormant volcano on the island of Hawaii. Its peak is 4,207m (13,802ft) above sea level, making it the highest point in the state of Hawaii. Most of the mountain is under water, and when measured from its oceanic base, Mauna Kea is the tallest mountain in the world[5] measuring over 10,000m (33,000ft). Mauna Kea is about a million years old, and has thus passed the most active shield stage of life hundreds of thousands of years ago. In its current post-shield state, its lava is more viscous, resulting in a steeper profile. Late volcanism has also given it a much rougher appearance than its neighboring volcanoes due to construction of cinder cones, decentralization of its rift zones, glaciation on its peak, and weathering by the prevailing trade winds. Mauna Kea last erupted 6,000 to 4,000 years ago and is now considered dormant. The peak is only about 120 feet (37m) higher than its more massive neighbor, Mauna Loa.

Question: What is the tallest volcano in Hawaii?
Answer: Mauna Kea
Bill Belichick

William Stephen Belichick (/ˈbɛlɪtʃɪk/; born April 16, 1952) is the head coach of the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). Belichick has extensive authority over the Patriots' football operations, effectively making him the general manager of the team as well.[1] He holds numerous coaching records, including winning a record five Super Bowls as a head coach, and two more as an assistant coach.

Question: Who is Bill Belichick?
Answer: head coach of the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL)
Angola

At 1,246,620km2 (481,321sqmi),[38] Angola is the world's twenty-third largest country - comparable in size to Mali, or twice the size of France or of Texas. It lies mostly between latitudes 4° and 18°S, and longitudes 12° and 24°E.

Question: How large is Angola?
Answer: (481,321
Canadian Armed Forces

The Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the reigning Canadian monarch, QueenElizabeth II,[19] who is represented by the Governor General of Canada.[20][21] The Canadian Armed Forces is led by the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is advised and assisted by the Armed Forces Council.

Question: Who leads the Canadian Forces?
Answer: Chief of the Defence Staff
List of stories within One Thousand and One Nights

Story of King Shahryar and His Brother (1–1001) Tale of the Bull and the Ass (Told by the Vizier) (0) Tale of the Trader and the Jinni (2–3) The First Shaykh's Story (2) The Second Shaykh's Story ((2)) The Third Shaykh's Story ((2)) Tale of the Fisherman and the Jinni (4–9) Tale of the Vizier and the Sage Duban (5) Story of King Sindibad and His Falcon ((5)) Tale of the Husband and the Parrot ((5)) Tale of the Prince and the Ogress ((5)) Tale of the Ensorcelled Prince (8) The Porter and the Three Ladies of Baghdad (10–19) The First Kalandar's Tale (12) The Second Kalandar's Tale (13–14) Tale of the Envier and the Envied ((13)) The Third Kalandar's Tale (15–16) The Eldest Lady's Tale (18) Tale of the Portress ((18)) The Tale of the Three Apples (20–24) Tale of Núr al-Dín Alí and his Son (21–24) The Hunchback's Tale (25–34) The Nazarene Broker's Story (26) The Reeve's Tale (28) Tale of the Jewish Doctor (29) Tale of the Tailor (30–31) The Barber's Tale of Himself (32–33) The Barber's Tale of his First Brother ((31)) The Barber's Tale of his Second Brother (32) The Barber's Tale of his Third Brother ((32)) The Barber's Tale of his Fourth Brother ((32)) The Barber's Tale of his Fifth Brother (33) The Barber's Tale of his Sixth Brother ((33))

Question: How many stories are in One Thousand and One Nights?
Answer: 1001
The Cosby Show

The Cosby Show is an American television sitcom co-created and starring Bill Cosby, which aired for eight seasons on NBC from September 20, 1984, until April 30, 1992. The show focuses on the Huxtable family, an upper middle-class African-American family living in Brooklyn, New York.

Question: How long did The Cosby Show air?
Answer: eight seasons
Demographics of New York City

New York City is the most populous city in the United States, with an estimated 8,491,079 people living in the city, according to U.S. Census estimates dating July 1, 2014[18] (up from  8,175,133 in 2010; 8.0 million in 2000; and 7.3 million in 1990).[17] This amounts to about 40% of New York State's population and a similar percentage of the metropolitan regional population. New York's two key demographic features are its population density and cultural diversity. The city's population density of 26,403 people per square mile (10,194/km²), makes it the densest of any American municipality with a population above 100,000.[19] Manhattan's population density is 66,940 people per square mile (25,846/km²), highest of any county in the United States.[20][21]

Question: What is the population density of NYC?
Answer: 26,403 people per square mile
History of Saint Petersburg

Founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May 1703. It became capital of the Russian Empire for more than two hundred years (1712–1728, 1732–1918). St. Petersburg ceased being the capital in 1918 after the Russian Revolution of 1917.[1]

Question: When was Saint Petersburg first founded?
Answer: 27 May 1703
Tuscany

Tuscany (/ˈtʌskəni/ TUSK-ə-nee; Italian: Toscana, pronounced[toˈskaːna]) is a region in central Italy with an area of about 23,000 square kilometres (8,900 square miles) and a population of about 3.8 million inhabitants (2013). The regional capital is Florence (Firenze).

Question: Where in Italy is Tuscany?
Answer: central Italy
Representative democracy

Representative democracy (also indirect democracy, representative government or psephocracy) is a type of democracy founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people, as opposed to direct democracy.[2] Nearly all modern Western-style democracies are types of representative democracies; for example, the United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy, France is a unitary state, and the United States is a federal republic.[3]

Question: what is a representative democracy?
Answer: type of democracy founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people
The Doctor (Doctor Who)

The Doctor is the title character in the long-running BBC science fiction television programme Doctor Who. Since the show's inception in 1963, the character has been portrayed by thirteen lead actors. In the programme, "the Doctor" is the alias assumed by a centuries-old alien—a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey—who travels through space and time in the TARDIS, frequently with companions. The transition to each succeeding actor is explained within the show's narrative through the plot device of "regeneration", a biological function of the Time Lord race that allows a change of cellular structure and appearance with recovery following a potentially fatal injury.

Question: How many doctors are in Doctor Who?
Answer: thirteen
Nutrition facts label

The label was mandated for most food products under the provisions of the 1990 Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA), per the recommendations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.[24]  It was one of several controversial actions taken during the tenure of FDA Commissioner Dr. David Kessler. The law required food companies to begin using the new food label on packaged foods beginning May 8, 1994. (Meat and poultry products were not covered by NLEA, though the U.S. Department of Agriculture proposed similar regulations for voluntary labeling of raw meat and poultry.[25])  Foods labeled before that day could use the old label. This appeared on all products in 1995. The old label was titled "Nutrition Information Per Serving" or simply, "Nutrition Information".

Question: When was the nutrition facts label first required by law in the U.S.?
Answer: May 8, 1994
Ductility

Ductility can be quantified by the fracture strain      ε  f     {\displaystyle \varepsilon _{f}}  , which is the engineering strain at which a test specimen fractures during a uniaxial tensile test. Another commonly used measure is the reduction of area at fracture     q   {\displaystyle q}  .[5] The ductility of steel varies depending on the alloying constituents. Increasing the levels of carbon decreases ductility. Many plastics and amorphous solids, such as Play-Doh, are also malleable. The most ductile metal is platinum and the most malleable metal is gold.[6][7]

Question: What's the most malleable metal?
Answer: gold
AIDS

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is adopted as name of the retrovirus that was first proposed as the cause of AIDS by Luc Montagnier of France, who named it LAV (lymphadenopathy associated virus) and Robert Gallo of the United States, who named it HTLV-III (human T-lymphotropic virus type III) January 14, "one million Americans have already been infected with the virus and that this number will jump to at least 2 million or 3 million within 5 to 10 years..." – NIAID Director Anthony Fauci, New York Times.[52] February, President Reagan instructs his Surgeon General C. Everett Koop to prepare a report on AIDS. (Koop was excluded from the Executive Task Force on AIDS established in 1983 by his immediate superior, Assistant Secretary of Health Edward Brandt.) Without allowing Reagan's domestic policy advisers to review the report, Koop released the report at a press conference on October 22, 1986.[53][54] May 30, fashion designer Perry Ellis dies of AIDS-related illness. Attorney Geoffrey Bowers is fired from the firm of Baker & McKenzie after AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma lesions appeared on his face. The firm maintained that he was fired purely for his performance.[55] He sued the firm, in one of the first AIDS discrimination cases to go to a public hearing. These events were the inspiration for the 1993 film Philadelphia.[56] November 18, model Gia Carangi dies of AIDS-related illness. First officially known cases in the Soviet Union[57][58] and India.[59][60]

Question: Who first identified HIV?
Answer: Luc Montagnier
First Fleet

The First Fleet was commanded by Commodore Arthur Phillip, who was given instructions authorising him to make regulations and land grants in the colony.[4]  The ships arrived at Botany Bay between 18 and 20 January 1788[5]; HMS Supply arrived on 18 January, Alexander, Scarborough and Friendship arrived on 19 January, and the remaining ships on 20 January.[6][7]

Question: Who led the British fleet that first landed in Australia?
Answer: Commodore Arthur Phillip
High School

Manchester Essex Regional High School is the public high school for the towns of Essex and Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts with an approximate enrollment of 490 students and a total of 65 faculty members. The mission of Manchester Essex Regional High School is "to provide a rigorous, well-rounded educational program in a learning environment that encourages individual growth and prepares all students for the diverse challenges of their futures."[4]

Question: How many students does Manchester Essex Regional High School have?
Answer: approximate enrollment of 490 students
Uluru

Uluru (/ˌuːləˈruː/, Pitjantjatjara: Uluṟu), also known as Ayers Rock (/ˌɛərz ˈrɒk/) and officially gazetted as Uluru/Ayers Rock,[1] is a large sandstone rock formation in the southern part of the Northern Territory in central Australia. It lies 335km (208mi) south west of the nearest large town, Alice Springs.

Question: What is the big plateau rock in Australia called?
Answer: Uluru/Ayers Rock
Jacques de Molay

Little is known of his early years, but Jacques de Molay was probably born in Molay, Haute-Saône, in the County of Burgundy, at the time a territory ruled by Otto III as part of the Holy Roman Empire, and in modern times in the area of Franche-Comté, northeastern France. His birth year is not certain, but judging by statements made during the later trials, was probably around 1250. He was born, as most Templar knights were, into a family of minor or middle-ranking nobility.[2] It is suggested that he was dubbed a knight at age 21 in 1265 and is known that he was executed in 1314, aged about 70. If correct, these dates lead to the belief that he was born about 1244.

Question: Where was Jacques de Molay born?
Answer: Molay, Haute-Saône
Geographical distribution of German speakers

Mostly depending on the inclusion or exclusion of certain varieties with a disputed status as separate languages (e.g., Low German/Plautdietsch[1]), it is estimated that approximately 90–95 million people speak German as a first language,[2][3][4] 10-25 million as a second language,[2][3] and 75–100 million as a foreign language.[2][5] This would imply approximately 175-220 million German speakers worldwide.[6]

Question: How many people are native German speakers?
Answer: 90–95 million
Battle of Gettysburg

The Battle of Gettysburg (locally /ˈɡɛtɪsbɜːrɡ/(listen))[11] was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War. The battle involved the largest number of casualties of the entire war and is often described as the war's turning point.[12][13] Union Maj. Gen. George Meade's Army of the Potomac defeated attacks by Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, halting Lee's invasion of the North.

Question: When was the Battle of Gettysburg?
Answer: July 1–3, 1863
Lincoln Motor Company

Lincoln Motor Company was founded in 1917 by Henry M. Leland, naming it after Abraham Lincoln; in 1922, Lincoln was acquired by Ford.[5]  Following World War II, Ford formed the Lincoln-Mercury Division, pairing Lincoln with its mid-range Mercury brand through 2010.  In 2012, Ford rebranded the Lincoln division under its original name, Lincoln Motor Company.[6]  Originally founded as a freestanding division above Lincoln, Continental was integrated within Lincoln in 1959.  The Continental-branded Mark Series was marketed through Lincoln starting in 1968, adapting the Lincoln name in 1986.  The Lincoln star emblem is derived from a badge first used on the 1956 Continental Mark II.

Question: When was Lincoln automotive founded?
Answer: 1917
Attachment and Health

John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth developed attachment theory in the 1960s while investigating the effects of maternal separation on infant development.[4] The development of the Strange Situation task in 1965 by Ainsworth and Wittig allowed researchers to systematically investigate the attachment system operating between children and their parents.[5] The Strange Situation involves separating infant-parent dyads and observing infant behaviours upon reunion. Infant behaviour tended to follow patterns, leading to the development of three attachment categories: Secure, Anxious-Avoidant, and Anxious-Resistant. In 1990, Ainsworth added a new category, championed by Mary Main, called Disorganized/Disoriented attachment, characterized by its less reliable pattern of behaviour.[6]

Question: Who developed the Attachment and Health psychological model?
Answer: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth
Jon Brower Minnoch

Jon Brower Minnoch (September 30, 1941 – September 10, 1983) was an American man who, at his peak weight, was the heaviest human being ever recorded, weighing approximately 1,400lb (635 kilograms; 100 stone). This figure was only a close estimation because his extreme size, declining health, and lack of mobility prevented use of a scale.

Question: Who is the heaviest human?
Answer: Jon Brower Minnoch
Climate

The Köppen classification depends on average monthly values of temperature and precipitation. The most commonly used form of the Köppen classification has five primary types labeled A through E. These primary types are A) tropical, B) dry, C) mild mid-latitude, D) cold mid-latitude, and E) polar. The five primary classifications can be further divided into secondary classifications such as rainforest, monsoon, tropical savanna, humid subtropical, humid continental, oceanic climate, Mediterranean climate, desert, steppe, subarctic climate, tundra, and polar ice cap.

Question: What are the main climate types?
Answer: A) tropical, B) dry, C) mild mid-latitude, D) cold mid-latitude, and E) polar
Battle of Kyongju

The Battle of Kyongju was an engagement between United Nations (UN) and North Korean (NK) forces early in the Korean War from August 31 to September 15, 1950, in the vicinity of Kyongju in South Korea. It was a part of the Battle of Pusan Perimeter, and was one of several large engagements fought simultaneously. The battle ended in a victory for the United Nations after large numbers of United States (US) and Republic of Korea (ROK) troops repelled a strong North Korean attack.

Question: Who won The Battle of Kyongju?
Answer: United Nations
Flanders

The present-day Flemish Region covers 13,522km2 (5,221sqmi) and is divided into five provinces, 22 arrondissements and 308 cities or municipalities.

Question: How large is Flanders today?
Answer: (5,221
Yates Stirling Jr.

On July 20, 1924, he became Captain of the Yard, Navy Yard, Washington, D.C., with additional duty as Assistant Superintendent of the Naval Gun Factory.  He was promoted to rear admiral on October 6, 1926 and in December that year Stirling was designated Chief of Staff to Admiral Charles F. Hughes, Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet, based at San Pedro, California.[54]  At the October 27, 1927 Navy Day Ceremonies at San Pedro harbor, despite an all-day downpour, thousands of Southern Californians gathered for the festivities, including ships' tours, band performances of patriotic music and the key-note address given by Stirling, "Merchant Marine, the Navy and the Nation".[55]

Question: When did Yates Stirling Jr. become an admiral?
Answer: October 6, 1926
Silicon

Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard and brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic lustre; and it is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor. It is a member of group 14 in the periodic table: carbon is above it; and germanium, tin, and lead are below it. It is relatively unreactive. Because of its high chemical affinity for oxygen, it was not until 1823 that Jöns Jakob Berzelius was first able to prepare it and characterize it in pure form.  Its melting and boiling points of 1414°C and 3265°C respectively are the second-highest among all the metalloids and nonmetals, being only surpassed by boron. Silicon is the eighth most common element in the universe by mass, but very rarely occurs as the pure element in the Earth's crust. It is most widely distributed in dusts, sands, planetoids, and planets as various forms of silicon dioxide (silica) or silicates. More than 90% of the Earth's crust is composed of silicate minerals, making silicon the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust (about 28% by mass) after oxygen.

Question: What's the melting point of Silicon?
Answer: 1414°C
Chapter 6 (American Horror Story)

"Chapter 6" is the sixth episode of the sixth season of the anthology television series American Horror Story. It aired on October 19, 2016, on the cable network FX. The episode was written by Ned Martel and directed by Angela Bassett. One of the first major story arc changes of the series, the format of the series becomes a found footage horror depicting the aftermath of My Roanoke Nightmare and the development of a follow-up series, Return to Roanoke: Three Days in Hell.

Question: When was the first episode of American Horror Story: Roanoke?
Answer: October 19, 2016
Syngman Rhee

Syngman Rhee (Korean: 리승만, pronounced[i.sɯŋ.man]; Lunisolar calendar March 26 , 1875 – July 19, 1965) was a South Korean politician, the first and the last Head of State of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, and President of South Korea from 1948 to 1960. His three-term presidency of South Korea (August 1948 to April 1960) was strongly affected by Cold War tensions on the Korean Peninsula.

Question: Who was the first president of the new South Korea?
Answer: Syngman Rhee
Battle of Trafalgar

The Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) was a naval engagement fought by the British Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies, during the War of the Third Coalition (August–December 1805) of the Napoleonic Wars (1796–1815).[3]

Question: What year did Trafalgar take place?
Answer: 1805
1960 Valdivia earthquake

The 1960 Valdivia earthquake (Spanish: Terremoto de Valdivia) or Great Chilean earthquake (Gran terremoto de Chile) of 22 May is the most powerful earthquake ever recorded. Various studies have placed it at 9.4–9.6 on the moment magnitude scale. It occurred in the afternoon (19:11 GMT, 15:11 local time), and lasted approximately 10 minutes. The resulting tsunami affected southern Chile, Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, eastern New Zealand, southeast Australia and the Aleutian Islands.

Question: What is the strongest recorded earthquake?
Answer: Great Chilean earthquake
2017 Mexico City ePrix

The 2017 Mexico City ePrix (officially the 2017 FIA Formula E Julius Baer Mexico City ePrix) was a Formula E electric car race held on 1 April 2017 before a crowd of 36,000 people at the Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez in Mexico City, Mexico. It was the fourth round of the 2016–17 Formula E season, and the second running of the event. The 45-lap race was won by Audi Sport ABT driver Lucas di Grassi after starting from 15th position. Jean-Éric Vergne finished second for the Techeetah team and Virgin driver Sam Bird came in third.

Question: Who won the 2017 Mexico City ePrix?
Answer: Audi Sport ABT driver Lucas di Grassi