google-research-datasets/tydiqa huggingface dataset:
RNA

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and, along with lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, constitute the four major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Like DNA, RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides, but unlike DNA it is more often found in nature as a single-strand folded onto itself, rather than a paired double-strand. Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic information (using the nitrogenous bases of guanine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine, denoted by the letters G, U, A, and C) that directs synthesis of specific proteins. Many viruses encode their genetic information using an RNA genome.

Question: What's RNA?
Answer: a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes
History of photography

In the mid-1820s, Nicéphore Niépce first managed to fix an image that was captured with a camera, but at least eight hours or even several days of exposure in the camera were required and the earliest results were very crude. Niépce's associate Louis Daguerre went on to develop the daguerreotype process, the first publicly announced  and commercially viable photographic process. The daguerreotype required only minutes of exposure in the camera, and produced clear, finely detailed results. The details were introduced as a gift to the world in 1839, a date generally accepted as the birth year of practical photography.[1][2] The metal-based daguerreotype process soon had some competition from the paper-based calotype negative and salt print processes invented by William Henry Fox Talbot. Subsequent innovations made photography easier and more versatile. New materials reduced the required camera exposure time from minutes to seconds, and eventually to a small fraction of a second; new photographic media were more economical, sensitive or convenient, including roll films for casual use by amateurs. In the mid-20th century, developments made it possible for amateurs to take pictures in natural color as well as in black-and-white.

Question: Who invented photography?
Answer: William Henry Fox Talbot
History of rail transport

The first full-scale working railway steam locomotive was built in the United Kingdom in 1804 by Richard Trevithick, a British engineer born in Cornwall. This used high-pressure steam to drive the engine by one power stroke. The transmission system employed a large flywheel to even out the action of the piston rod. On 21 February 1804, the world's first steam-powered railway journey took place when Trevithick's unnamed steam locomotive hauled a train along the tramway of the Penydarren ironworks, near Merthyr Tydfil in South Wales.[28][29] Trevithick later demonstrated a locomotive operating upon a piece of circular rail track in Bloomsbury, London, the Catch Me Who Can, but never got beyond the experimental stage with railway locomotives, not least because his engines were too heavy for the cast-iron plateway track then in use.[30]

Question: When was the first train invented?
Answer: 1804
United States cable news

Until the start of 2002, CNN was the number one cable news network in the ratings.[8] FOX has been number one among cable news audiences since that point.[9]

Question: What is the most popular TV channel in USA?
Answer: FOX
MetLife Stadium

MetLife Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located in East Rutherford, New Jersey, 8 miles (13km) outside of New York City. It is part of the Meadowlands Sports Complex and serves as the home stadium for two National Football League (NFL) franchises: the New York Giants and the New York Jets. The stadium is owned by the MetLife Stadium Company, a joint venture of the Giants and Jets, who jointly built the stadium using private funds on land owned by the New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority. The stadium opened as New Meadowlands Stadium in 2010. In 2011, MetLife, an insurance company based in New York City, acquired the naming rights to the stadium. At a construction cost of approximately $1.6 billion, it was the most expensive stadium ever built,[10] at the time it opened.

Question: What stadium do the Jets home play?
Answer: MetLife Stadium
Hölderlin's Hymn "The Ister"

Hölderlin's Hymn "The Ister" (German: Hölderlins Hymne »Der Ister«) is the title given to a lecture course delivered by German philosopher Martin Heidegger at the University of Freiburg in 1942. It was first published in 1984 as volume 53 of Heidegger's Gesamtausgabe. The translation by William McNeill and Julia Davis was published in 1996 by Indiana University Press. Der Ister is a poem by Friedrich Hölderlin, the title of which refers to an ancient name for a part of the Danube River.

Question: When did the lecture Hölderlin's Hymn "The Ister" take place?
Answer: 1942
LGBT

LGBT, or GLBT, is an initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. In use since the 1990s, the term is an adaptation of the initialism LGB, which was used to replace the term gay in reference to the LGBT community beginning in the mid-to-late 1980s.[1] Activists believed that the term gay community did not accurately represent all those to whom it referred.

Question: What does LGBT stand for?
Answer: lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender
High-speed rail

Since their introduction, Japan's Shinkansen systems have been undergoing constant improvement, not only increasing line speeds. Over a dozen train models have been produced, addressing diverse issues such as tunnel boom noise, vibration, aerodynamic drag, lines with lower patronage ("Mini shinkansen"), earthquake and typhoon safety, braking distance, problems due to snow, and energy consumption (newer trains are twice as energy efficient as the initial ones despite greater speeds).[27]

Question: Where is the fastest bullet train?
Answer: Japan
Murder of Ann Ogilby

Within weeks of the killing, the RUC had arrested ten women and one man in connection with the murder; this group contained Douglas' entire "Heavy Squad".[6] Most of the women were unemployed and at least three had male relatives imprisoned for paramilitary offences.[53] On 6 February 1975 at the Belfast City Commission, teenagers Henrietta Cowan and Christine Smith pleaded guilty to murder. They were now aged 18 and 17 respectively. Characterised as having been "without feeling or remorse", they were convicted of carrying out the murder and sentenced to be detained at Armagh Women's Prison for life at the pleasure of the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland.[6][48] Smith was not the only member of her family to be involved in loyalist paramilitary activity. Her elder brother, prominent South Belfast UDA member Francis "Hatchet" Smith (28), was shot dead in Rodney Parade, off Donegall Road, by the IRA in January 1973 after he, as part of a UDA unit, gunned down Peter Watterson, a 15-year-old Catholic boy, in a drive-by sectarian shooting at the Falls Road/Donegall Road junction.[6][54] A roofer by trade who was married with one child[55] he was (despite his wife having been Catholic),[56] the local UDA commander in the Village area where he lived.[54]

Question: Who was found guilty for the murder of Ann Ogilby in the "Romper Room murder"?
Answer: Henrietta Cowan and Christine Smith
CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is an American news-based pay television channel owned by Turner Broadcasting System, a division of AT&T's WarnerMedia.[1] CNN was founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner as a 24-hour cable news channel.[2] Upon its launch, CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage,[3] and was the first all-news television channel in the United States.[4]

Question: What does CNN stand for?
Answer: Cable News Network
Dragon Booster

Dragon Booster is a Canadian animated series first broadcast in 2004. It follows the story of young Artha Penn, a stable boy who rides Beaucephalis (or "Beau" for short), the dragon of legend. He becomes a Dragon Booster, a hero to protect the world from the impending Dragon-Human war and unite humans and dragons for all time.

Question: When did Dragon Booster air?
Answer: 2004
6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps

The 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps (formerly the 1000 Kilometres of Spa-Francorchamps) is an endurance race for sports cars held at Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in Belgium.

Question: Where does the  6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps take place?
Answer: Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps in Belgium
Kevin Feige

Kevin Feige (/ˈfaɪɡi/, FYE-gee; born June 2, 1973)[1][2]  is an American film producer who has been president of Marvel Studios since 2007.[3] The films he has produced have a combined worldwide box office gross of over $17 billion.[4] Feige is a member of the Producers Guild of America. In 2019, he earned a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Picture for producing Black Panther.

Question: Who is head of Marvel Studios?
Answer: Kevin Feige
Japanese occupation of Hong Kong

The Imperial Japanese occupation of Hong Kong (香港日據時期) began when the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Mark Young, surrendered the British Crown colony of Hong Kong to the Empire of Japan on 25 December 1941.  The surrender occurred after 18 days of fierce fighting against the overwhelming Japanese forces that had invaded the territory.[7][8] The occupation lasted for three years and eight months until Japan surrendered at the end of Second World War. The length of this period (三年零八個月) later became a metonym of the occupation.[8]

Question: How long was the Imperial Japanese occupation of Hong Kong?
Answer: three years and eight months
Wilt Chamberlain

Wilton Norman Chamberlain (/ˈtʃeɪmbərlɪn/; August 21, 1936 – October 12, 1999) was an American basketball player who played center position and is considered one of the most prominent and dominant players in NBA history.[1][2] He played for the Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors, the Philadelphia 76ers, and the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played for the University of Kansas and also for the Harlem Globetrotters before playing in the NBA.  Chamberlain stood 7ft 1in (2.16m) tall, and weighed 250 pounds (110kg) as a rookie[3] before bulking up to 275 and eventually to over 300 pounds (140kg) with the Lakers.

Question: How tall was Wilton Norman Chamberlain?
Answer: 7ft 1in (2.16m)
English football league system

The exact number of clubs varies from year to year as clubs join and leave leagues, fold or merge altogether, but an estimated average of 15 clubs per division implies that more than 7,000 teams of nearly 5,300 clubs are members of a league in the English men's football league system.

Question: How many football clubs are in England?
Answer: nearly 5,300
Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar[lower-alpha 1] (/ˈsiːzər/; Latin pronunciation:[ˈɡaː.i.ʊs ˈjuː.li.ʊs ˈkae̯.sar]; 12 or 13 July 100BC[1] – 15 March 44BC),[2] known by his nomen and cognomen Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician, military general, and historian who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire. He is also known as an author of Latin prose.

Question: What years did Julius Caesar live?
Answer: 12 or 13 July 100BC[1] – 15 March 44BC
Death and state funeral of Kim Jong-il

The death of Kim Jong-il was reported by North Korean state television news on 19 December 2011.[1] The presenter Ri Chun-hee announced that he had died on 17 December at 8:30 am of a massive heart attack while travelling by train to an area outside Pyongyang. Reportedly, he had received medical treatment for cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases. During the trip though, he was said to have had an advanced acute myocardial infarction, complicated with a serious heart shock.[2][3] However, it was reported by South Korean media in December 2012 that he had died in a fit of rage over construction faults at a crucial power plant project.[4]

Question: How did Kim Hong-il die?
Answer: massive heart attack
Brontosaurus

Brontosaurus was a large, long-necked quadrupedal animal with a long, whip-like tail, and forelimbs that were slightly shorter than its hindlimbs. The largest species, B. excelsus, weighed up to 15 tonnes (15 long tons; 17 short tons) and measured up to 22m (72ft) long from head to tail.[6]  For comparison, the current largest land animal, the average male African bush elephant is 3.20 m (10.5 ft) tall at the shoulder and has a body mass of 6,000 kg (13,228 lb) or 6.6 short tons.

Question: How tall were brontosaurs'?
Answer: m (7
Claudia Sheinbaum

Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo is a Mexican scientist, politician and incumbent mayor of Mexico City. She jointly received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 as a member of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. She was elected as mayor on July 1, 2018 as part of the Juntos Haremos Historia coalition. She is the second woman to serve as mayor but the first to be elected and the first member of the Jewish faith to be elected mayor of Mexico City.

Question: Who is the current mayor of Mexico City?
Answer: Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo
Druid

The earliest known references to the druids date to the fourth century BCE and the oldest detailed description comes from Julius Caesar's Commentarii de Bello Gallico (50s BCE). They were also described by later Greco-Roman writers such as Cicero,[2] Tacitus,[3] and Pliny the Elder.[4] Following the Roman invasion of Gaul, the druid orders were suppressed by the Roman government under the 1st century CE emperors Tiberius and Claudius, and had disappeared from the written record by the 2nd century.

Question: When did Druids exist?
Answer: fourth century BCE
James Ruppert

James Urban Ruppert (born March 29, 1934), is an American murderer, who was responsible for one of the deadliest shootings inside a private residence in US history.[1] On Easter Sunday, March 30, 1975, Ruppert murdered 11 family members in his mother's house at 635 Minor Avenue in Hamilton, Ohio in what has been referred to as the "Easter Sunday Massacre."[2] He is serving two life sentences at the Allen Oakwood Correctional Institution in Lima, Ohio.

Question: Who did Rupert murder?
Answer: 11 family members
Stainless steel

In 1912, Harry Brearley of the Brown-Firth research laboratory in Sheffield, England, while seeking a corrosion-resistant alloy for gun barrels, discovered and subsequently industrialized a martensitic stainless steel alloy. The discovery was announced two years later in a January 1915 newspaper article in The New York Times.[27] The metal was later marketed under the "Staybrite" brand by Firth Vickers in England and was used for the new entrance canopy for the Savoy Hotel in London in 1929.[35] Brearley applied for a US patent during 1915 only to find that Haynes had already registered a patent. Brearley and Haynes pooled their funding and with a group of investors formed the American Stainless Steel Corporation, with headquarters in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[36]

Question: Who developed stainless steel?
Answer: Harry Brearley
Alan Shepard

Rear Admiral Alan Bartlett Shepard Jr. (November 18, 1923 – July 21, 1998) was an American astronaut, naval aviator, test pilot, and businessman. In 1961 he became the first American to travel into space, and in 1971 he walked on the Moon.

Question: Who was the first American in space?
Answer: Rear Admiral Alan Bartlett Shepard Jr
Winter Palace

The Winter Palace (Russian:Зимний дворец, tr.Zimnij dvorets,IPA:[ˈzʲimnʲɪj dvɐˈrʲɛts]) was the official residence of the Russian Emperors from 1732 to 1917. Today, the palace and its precincts form the Hermitage Museum. Situated between Palace Embankment and Palace Square, in Saint Petersburg, adjacent to the site of Peter the Great's original Winter Palace, the present and fourth Winter Palace was built and altered almost continuously between the late 1730s and 1837, when it was severely damaged by fire and immediately rebuilt.[1] The storming of the palace in 1917, as depicted in Soviet paintings and Eisenstein's 1927 film October, became an iconic symbol of the Russian Revolution.

Question: Where is the The Winter Palace?
Answer: Saint Petersburg
Canine reproduction

Gestation in a dog is 63 days in length, if measured from the day of ovulation. Since it is difficult to determine the exact date of ovulation, errors are often made in calculating gestation period.[19] Canine sperm can live for 10 to 11 days [20]  in the uterine tubes (fallopian tubes) so if a female is bred 10 days before the oocytes (eggs) can be fertilized, she will appear to have a gestation length of 70 days. If she is bred on the day the oocytes can be fertilized, her gestation length will appear to be 60 days long.

Question: What is the normal gestation period for a dog?
Answer: 63 days
Maryland State House

The Maryland State House is located in Annapolis, Maryland and is the oldest U.S. state capitol in continuous legislative use, dating to 1772. It houses the Maryland General Assembly, plus the offices of the Governor and Lieutenant Governor. The capitol has the distinction of being topped by the largest wooden dome in the United States constructed without nails. The current building, which was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960,[2] is the third statehouse on its site.[3] The building is administered by the State House Trust, established in 1969.

Question: What is the capitol of Maryland?
Answer: Annapolis
English breakfast tea

English breakfast tea is a traditional blend of teas originating from Assam, Ceylon, and Kenya.[1]  It is one of the most popular blended teas, common in British tea culture.

Question: What is in the classic English breakfast blend?
Answer: blend of teas originating from Assam, Ceylon, and Kenya
Peninsula

A peninsula (Latin: paeninsula from paene "almost” and insula "island") is a landform surrounded by water on the majority of its border while being connected to a mainland from which it extends.[1][2][3][4] The surrounding water is usually understood to be continuous, though not necessarily named as a single body of water. Peninsulas are not always named as such; one can also be a headland, cape, island promontory, bill, point, or spit.[5] A point is generally considered a tapering piece of land projecting into a body of water that is less prominent than a cape.[6] A river which courses through a very tight meander is also sometimes said to form a "peninsula" within the (almost closed) loop of water. In English, the plural versions of peninsula are peninsulas and, less commonly, peninsulae.

Question: What's a peninsula?
Answer: landform surrounded by water on the majority of its border while being connected to a mainland from which it extends
The Doctor (Doctor Who)

The character of the Doctor was created by BBC Head of Drama, Sydney Newman.[16] The first format document for the programme that was to become Doctor Who – then provisionally titled The Troubleshooters – was written in March 1963 by C. E. Webber, a staff writer who had been brought in to help develop the project. Webber's document contained a main character described as "The maturer man, 35–40, with some 'character twist.'" Newman was not keen on this idea and – along with several other changes to Webber's initial format – created an alternative lead character named Dr Who, a crotchety older man piloting a stolen time machine, on the run from his own far future world.[16] No written record of Newman's conveyance of these ideas – believed to have taken place in April 1963 – exists, and the character of Dr Who first begins appearing in existing documentation from May of that year.[16]

Question: Who created the Doctor Who character?
Answer: Sydney Newman
President of the United States

Donald Trump of New York is the 45th and current president. He assumed office on January 20, 2017.

Question: Who is the current president of the USA?
Answer: Donald Trump
Herzegovina

Herzegovina (/ˌhɛərtsɪˈɡoʊvɪnə/ HAIRT-si-GOH-vi-nə or /ˌhɜːrtsəɡoʊˈviːnə/;[1] Serbo-Croatian: Hercegovina, Херцеговина, [xɛ̌rtsɛɡov̞ina]) is the southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. While there is no official border distinguishing it from the Bosnian geographical region, it is sometimes asserted that the borders of the region are Dalmatia to the southwest, Montenegro to the east, Mount Maglić to the northeast, and Mount Ivan to the north. Measurements of the area range from 11,419km2 (4,409sqmi),[2] or around 22% of the total area of the present-day country,[3] to 12,276km2 (4,740sqmi), around 24% of the country.[4]

Question: How large is Herzegovina?
Answer: (4,409
Congo River

The great Congo River (Kongo: Nzâdi Kôngo; French: Fleuve Congo; Portuguese: rio Congo), formerly known as the Zaire River under the Mobutu regime, is the second longest river in Africa, shorter  only than the Nile, as well as the second largest river in the world by discharge volume, following only the Amazon. It is also the world's deepest recorded river, with measured depths in excess of 220m (720ft).[2] The Congo-Lualaba-Chambeshi River system has an overall length of 4,700km (2,920mi), which makes it the world's ninth-longest river. The Chambeshi is a tributary of the Lualaba River, and Lualaba is the name of the Congo River upstream of Boyoma Falls, extending for 1,800km (1,120mi).

Question: What is the deepest river in the world?
Answer: The great Congo River
Endorheic basin

An endorheic basin (also endoreic basin or endorreic basin) (from the Ancient Greek: ἔνδον, éndon, "within" and ῥεῖν, rheîn, "to flow") is a limited  drainage basin that normally retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water, such as rivers or oceans, but converges instead into lakes or swamps, permanent or seasonal, that equilibrate through evaporation. Such a basin may also be referred to as a closed or terminal basin or as an internal drainage system or interior drainage basin.

Question: What does endorheic mean?
Answer: a limited  drainage basin that normally retains water and allows no outflow to other external bodies of water, such as rivers or oceans, but converges instead into lakes or swamps, permanent or seasonal, that equilibrate through evaporation
Canada–United States border

The Canada–United States border (French: frontière Canada–États-Unis), officially known as the International Boundary (French: Frontière Internationale), is the longest international border in the world between two countries. It is shared between Canada and the United States, the second- and fourth-largest  countries by area, respectively. The terrestrial boundary (including portions of maritime boundaries in the Great Lakes, and on the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic coasts) is 8,891 kilometres (5,525mi) long, of which 2,475 kilometres (1,538mi) is Canada's border with Alaska. Eight Canadian provinces and territories (Yukon, British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and New Brunswick), and thirteen U.S. states (Alaska, Washington, Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, Minnesota, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine) are located along the border.

Question: How long is the Canadian-US border?
Answer: 5,525mi
Asian Canadians

Asian Canadians are Canadians who can trace their ancestry back to the continent of Asia or Asian people. Canadians with Asian ancestry comprise the largest and fastest growing visible minority group in Canada, with roughly 17.7% of the Canadian population. Most Asian Canadians are concentrated in the urban areas of Southern Ontario, the Greater Vancouver area, Calgary, and other large Canadian cities.

Question: What's the percentage of Asian's currently living in Canada?
Answer: 17.7%