google-research-datasets/tydiqa huggingface dataset:
BMW

The company was founded in 1916 and has its headquarters in Munich, Bavaria. BMW produces motor vehicles in Germany, Brazil, China, India, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In 2015, BMW was the world's twelfth largest producer of motor vehicles, with 2,279,503 vehicles produced.[2] The Quandt family are long-term shareholders of the company, with the remaining shares owned by public float.

Question: When was BMW founded?
Answer: 1916
Photoacoustic imaging

The optical absorption in biological tissues can be due to endogenous molecules such as hemoglobin or melanin, or exogenously delivered contrast agents. As an example, Fig. 2 shows the optical absorption spectra of oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) in the visible and near infrared region.[3] Since blood usually has orders of magnitude higher absorption than surrounding tissues, there is sufficient endogenous contrast for photoacoustic imaging to visualize blood vessels. Recent studies have shown that photoacoustic imaging can be used in vivo for tumor angiogenesis monitoring, blood oxygenation mapping, functional brain imaging, skin melanoma detection, methemoglobin measuring, etc.[2]

Question: What have we done with photoacoustic tomography?
Answer: in vivo for tumor angiogenesis monitoring, blood oxygenation mapping, functional brain imaging, skin melanoma detection, methemoglobin measuring
Victor Serge

Serge's first published article was written in September 1908. Under the pen name "Le Rétif" ("The Maverick" or "The Stubborn One"), Serge wrote many articles for Le Révolté and, starting in 1909, L'Anarchie, a journal founded by Albert Libertad, whom Serge and his friends considered to be a hero. Serge at this stage was an outspoken supporter of individualist anarchism and illegalism, often clashing with the editor of L'Anarchie, André Roulot (aka "Lorulot"), who favoured less inflammatory rhetoric. In 1910, after a schism in L'Anarchie, Lorulot departed and Serge was named as the new editor of the paper. During this time, Serge was in a relationship with Rirette Maitrejean, another anarchist activist.

Question: When did Victor Lvovich Kibalchich take the name Victor Serge?
Answer: 1909
Black Forest

The Black Forest (German: Schwarzwald, pronounced[ˈʃvaʁt͡svalt]) is a large forested mountain range in the state of Baden-Württemberg in southwest Germany. It is bounded by the Rhine valley to the west and south. Its highest peak is the Feldberg with an elevation of 1,493 metres (4,898ft). The region is roughly oblong in shape with a length of 160km (99mi) and breadth of up to 50km (31mi).[1]

Question: Where is the Black Forest?
Answer: southwest Germany
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (/ɒz/) is an American children's novel written by author L. Frank Baum and illustrated by W. W. Denslow, originally published by the George M. Hill Company in Chicago on May 17, 1900.[1] It has since seen several reprints, most often under the title The Wizard of Oz, which is the title of the popular 1902 Broadway musical adaptation as well as the iconic 1939 musical film adaptation.

Question: When was The Wizard of Oz first published?
Answer: May 17, 1900
Judiciary

In many jurisdictions the judicial branch has the power to change laws through the process of judicial review. Courts with judicial review power may annul the laws and rules of the state when it finds them incompatible with a higher norm, such as primary legislation, the provisions of the constitution or international law. Judges constitute a critical force for interpretation and implementation of a constitution, thus de facto in common law countries creating the body of constitutional law. For a people to establish and keep the 'Rule of Law' as the operative norm in social constructs great care must be taken in the election or appointment of unbiased and thoughtful legal scholars whose loyalty to an oath of office is without reproach. If law is to govern and find acceptance generally courts must exercise fidelity to justice which means affording those subject to its jurisdictional scope the greatest presumption of inherent cultural relevance within this framework.

Question: What branch of government do the courts belong to?
Answer: judicial
2000 Summer Olympics

The 2000 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium, were an international multi-sport event which was held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was the second time that the Summer Olympics were held in Australia, and also the Southern Hemisphere, the first being in Melbourne, Victoria, in 1956.

Question: Where were the 2000 olympics held?
Answer: Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Day

A day, a unit of time, is approximately the period of time during which the Earth completes one rotation around its axis with respect to the Sun (solar day).[1][2] In 1960, the second was redefined in terms of the orbital motion of the Earth in year 1900, and was designated the SI base unit of time. The unit of measurement "day", was redefined as 86 400 SI seconds and symbolized d. In 1967, the second and so the day were redefined by atomic electron transition.[3] A civil day is usually 86 400 seconds, plus or minus a possible leap second in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), and   occasionally plus or minus an hour in those locations that change from or to daylight saving time.

Question: How many seconds are in a day?
Answer: 86 400
Timeline of algorithms

Before – writing about "recipes" (on cooking, rituals, agriculture and other sorts of themes like willa&Mayan) c. 1700–2000 BC – Egyptians develop earliest known algorithms for multiplying two numbers c. 1600 BC – Babylonians develop earliest known algorithms for factorization and finding square roots c. 300 BC – Euclid's algorithm c. 200 BC – the Sieve of Eratosthenes 263 AD – Gaussian elimination described by Liu Hui 628 – Chakravala method described by Brahmagupta c. 820 – Al-Khawarizmi described algorithms for solving linear equations and quadratic equations in his Algebra; the word algorithm comes from his name 825 – Al-Khawarizmi described the algorism, algorithms for using the Hindu-Arabic numeral system, in his treatise On the Calculation with Hindu Numerals, which was translated into Latin as Algoritmi de numero Indorum, where "Algoritmi", the translator's rendition of the author's name gave rise to the word algorithm (Latin algorithmus) with a meaning "calculation method" c. 850 – cryptanalysis and frequency analysis algorithms developed by Al-Kindi (Alkindus) in A Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages, which contains algorithms on breaking encryptions and ciphers[1] c. 1025 – Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), was the first mathematician to derive the formula for the sum of the fourth powers, and in turn, he develops an algorithm for determining the general formula for the sum of any integral powers, which was fundamental to the development of integral calculus[2] c. 1400 – Ahmad al-Qalqashandi gives a list of ciphers in his Subh al-a'sha which include both substitution and transposition, and for the first time, a cipher with multiple substitutions for each plaintext letter; he also gives an exposition on and worked example of cryptanalysis, including the use of tables of letter frequencies and sets of letters which can not occur together in one word

Question: Who developed the first algorithms?
Answer: Al-Khawarizmi
Royal George Hotel and Ruddle's Building

Royal George Hotel and Ruddle's Building is a heritage-listed hotel at 323-335 Brunswick Street, Fortitude Valley, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from c.1850 to the 1960s. It is also known as Bush & Commercial Inn, Commercial Inn, Freemasons Arms, and Ruddle's Corner. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 August 1998.[1]

Question: When was the Royal George Hotel in Brisbane first opened?
Answer: c.1850
Civil Rights Act of 1964

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Pub.L., 78Stat., enacted July2, 1964) is a landmark civil rights and U.S. labor law in the United States[5] that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.[6] It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requirements, racial segregation in schools, employment, and public accommodations.

Question: When was the Civil Rights Act passed?
Answer: July2, 1964
Germans

Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world,[27] roughly 80million consider themselves Germans. There are an additional 80million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 4] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied[1] (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.).

Question: How many people are German?
Answer: 80million
Australian Football League

The league currently consists of 18 teams spread over five of Australia's six states (Tasmania being the exception). Matches have been played in all states and mainland territories of Australia, as well as in New Zealand and China (although no professional teams or leagues exist outside Australia) to promote the sport abroad. The AFL season currently consists of a pre-season competition (currently branded as the "JLT Community Series"), followed by a 23-round regular (or "home-and-away") season, which runs during the Australian winter (March to September). The team with the best record after the home-and-away series is awarded the "minor premiership." The top eight teams then play off in a four-round finals series, culminating in the AFL Grand Final, which is held at the Melbourne Cricket Ground each year. The grand final winner is termed the "premiers", and is awarded the premiership cup. The current premiers are the West Coast Eagles.

Question: How many clubs are in the Australian Football League?
Answer: 18
Eleventh Air Force

Established on 28 December 1941 as the Alaskan Air Force at Elmendorf Field, Alaska Territory. 11AF was a United States Army Air Forces combat air force in the American Theater of World War II, providing air defense of Alaska and engaging in combat operations primarily in the Aleutian Islands and Northern Pacific during the Aleutian Islands Campaign.

Question: When was the Eleventh Air Force established?
Answer: 28 December 1941
America's Healthy Future Act

The America's Healthy Future Act () was a law proposed by Democratic Senator Max Baucus of Montana, who chairs the Senate Finance Committee, on September 16, 2009.[1][2][3] It is also colloquially known as the Baucus Health Bill,[4] the Baucus Health Plan,[5] or BaucusCare.[6] Baucus initially publicly released a 223-page summary of the proposal.[2] It started going through the Senate mark-up process on September 22.[7] That amendment process finished Oct. 2, and was passed by the Finance Committee on October 13 by a 14 to 9 vote,.[8][9] An October CBO report stated that enacting the proposal would, on net, end up reducing the federal deficit by $81 billion over the 2010–2019 period.[10]

Question: When was the America's Healthy Future Act first proposed?
Answer: September 16, 2009
Pontresina

Pontresina has a population (as of 31 December 2018) of 2,162.[5] As of 2008, 29.7% of the population was made up of foreign nationals.[6]  Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 3.9%.[2]

Question: What is the population of Pontresina?
Answer: 2,162
List of mayors of New York City

The Mayor of New York City is the chief executive of New York City's government, as stipulated by New York City's charter. The current mayor, the 109th in the sequence of regular mayors, is Bill de Blasio, a Democrat.

Question: Who is the mayor of New York City?
Answer: Bill de Blasio
Zelena (Once Upon a Time)

Zelena, also known as the Wicked Witch of the West and cursed as Kelly West in the seventh season, is a fictional character in ABC's television series Once Upon a Time. She is portrayed by Rebecca Mader and was first introduced in the second half of the third season. After making recurring appearances in both the third and fourth seasons, Mader was promoted to series regular for the fifth and sixth seasons.[4] She returned as a recurring guest star in the seventh season.[5]

Question: When does the character Zelena first appear on ABC's Once Upon a Time?
Answer: second half of the third season
Tsar Bomba

The Soviet RDS-220 hydrogen bomb (code name Ivan[3] or Vanya), known by Western nations as Tsar Bomba (Russian:Царь-бо́мба, tr.Tsar'-bómba,IPA:[t͡sarʲ ˈbombə],lit. 'Tsar bomb'), was the most powerful nuclear weapon ever created. Tested on 30 October 1961 as an experimental verification of calculation principles and multi-stage thermonuclear weapon designs, it also remains the most powerful explosive ever detonated. It was also referred to as Kuzma's mother (Russian:Ку́зькина ма́ть, tr.Kúz'kina mát',IPA:[ˈkusʲkʲɪnə ˈmatʲ]),[4] possibly referring to First secretary Nikita Khrushchev's promise to "show the United States a Kuzma's mother" (an idiom roughly translating to "We'll show you") at a 1960 session of United Nations General Assembly.[5][6]

Question: What's the biggest atomic bomb to ever exist?
Answer: The Soviet RDS-220
Murder on the Orient Express

Murder on the Orient Express is a detective novel by British writer Agatha Christie featuring the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot. It was first published in the United Kingdom by the Collins Crime Club on 1 January 1934. In the United States, it was published on 28 February 1934,[1][2] under the title of Murder in the Calais Coach, by Dodd, Mead and Company.[3][4] The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6)[5] and the U.S. edition at $2.00.[4]

Question: When was the book Murder on the Orient Express released?
Answer: It was first published in the United Kingdom by the Collins Crime Club on 1 January 1934. In the United States, it was published on 28 February 1934
Mayor of Toronto

The 65th and current mayor of Toronto is John Tory, in office since December 1, 2014.

Question: Who is mayor of Toronto?
Answer: John Tory
Alkali

In chemistry, an alkali (/ˈælkəlaɪ/; from Arabic: al-qaly "ashes of the saltwort") is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal chemical element. An alkali also can be defined as a base that dissolves in water. A solution of a soluble base has a pH greater than 7.0. The adjective alkaline is commonly, and  alkalescent less often, used in English as a synonym for basic, especially for bases soluble in water. This broad use of the term is likely to have come about because alkalis were the first bases known to obey the Arrhenius definition of a base, and they are still among the most common bases.

Question: What is an alkali?
Answer: basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal chemical element
List of largest insects

Arachnacris katydids and Tropidacris grasshoppers reach up to 12–15cm (4.7–5.9in) in length and 23–27.5cm (9.1–10.8in) in wingspan, making them the largest by these measurements.[2][7] The largest Saga and Pseudophyllus  bush crickets are only are a few centimeters smaller.[7]

Question: What is the biggest Grasshopper?
Answer: Tropidacris
List of fleets

United States Second Fleet (HQ Norfolk, Virginia) - Homeland Defense and North Atlantic Ocean. United States Third Fleet (HQ San Diego, California) – East Pacific United States Fourth Fleet (HQ Mayport, Florida) – South Atlantic United States Fifth Fleet (HQ Manama, Bahrain) – Middle East United States Sixth Fleet (HQ Naples, Italy) – Europe United States Seventh Fleet (HQ Yokosuka, Japan) – West Pacific United States Tenth Fleet (HQ Fort Meade, Maryland) – Reactivated as Fleet Cyber Command.  Formerly anti submarine warfare coordinating organization.

Question: What are the fleets of the US Navy?
Answer: United States Second Fleet (HQ Norfolk, Virginia) - Homeland Defense and North Atlantic Ocean. United States Third Fleet (HQ San Diego, California) – East Pacific United States Fourth Fleet (HQ Mayport, Florida) – South Atlantic United States Fifth Fleet (HQ Manama, Bahrain) – Middle East United States Sixth Fleet (HQ Naples, Italy) – Europe United States Seventh Fleet (HQ Yokosuka, Japan) – West Pacific United States Tenth Fleet (HQ Fort Meade, Maryland) – Reactivated as Fleet Cyber Command.  Formerly anti submarine warfare coordinating organization
Berlin Wall

Walking through Checkpoint Charlie, 10 November 1989 Germans stand on top of the Wall in the days before it was torn down At the Brandenburg Gate, 10 November 1989 Juggling on the Wall on 16 November 1989 "Mauerspecht" (November 1989) The Fall of the Wall (November 1989)

Question: When did the Berlin wall fall?
Answer: November 1989
David Sharp (entomologist)

David Sharp FRS (18 October 1840[1] – 27 August 1922) was an English physician and entomologist who worked mainly on Coleoptera. He was among the most prolific publishers in the history of entomology with more than 250 papers that included seven major revisions and reviews and a highly influential work on the structure and modifications of the male genital structures among the beetle families. He was the editor of the Zoological Record for three decades.

Question: When was David Sharp born?
Answer: 18 October 1840
Etheridge railway line

The Etheridge Railway line, which branches off the Mareeba-to-Chillagoe railway at Almaden and heads south for 142 miles (229km) to Forsayth via Mount Surprise and Einasleigh, was built between 1907 and 1910 by the Chillagoe Railway and Mining Company as a private railway line. The same company constructed the railway line from Mareeba to Chillagoe and Mungana between 1898 and 1901. The Etheridge line was built cheaply, with lighter rails and fewer earthworks than the Chillagoe line, to supply ore to the Chillagoe Company's under-utilised Chillagoe smelters. The Chillagoe Company was part of the business empire of John Moffat, and between 1880 and 1914 much of the economic activity of North Queensland was driven by the railways and mining towns created by Moffat's enterprises. The remaining built infrastructure at stations along the Etheridge Railway provides examples of the type of buildings erected by the Chillagoe Company for its railway network.[1]

Question: How long is Etheridge railway?
Answer: 142 miles
Official versions of Doom

Doom is one of the most widely ported first-person shooter video games. Starting with the original MS-DOS PC version (released as shareware on December 10, 1993), it has been released officially for a number of operating systems, video game consoles, handheld game consoles, and other devices. Some of the ports are replications of the MS-DOS version, while others differ considerably, including modifications to the level designs and monsters, with some ports offering content not included in the original MS-DOS version.

Question: When did Doom first hit shelves?
Answer: December 10, 1993
Fahrenheit 451

Fahrenheit 451 is a dystopian novel by American writer Ray Bradbury, first published in 1953. It is regarded as one of his best works.[4] The novel presents a future American society where books are outlawed and "firemen" burn any that are found.[5] The book's tagline explains the title: "Fahrenheit 451 – the temperature at which book paper catches fire, and burns..." The lead character, Guy Montag, is a fireman who becomes disillusioned with his role of censoring literature and destroying knowledge, eventually quitting his job and committing himself to the preservation of literary and cultural writings.

Question: Who is the main character of Fahrenheit 451?
Answer: Guy Montag
History of the Azores

The exact date of this re-discovery of the Atlantic islands is not clear, though historical accounts indicate that the islands of Santa Maria and São Miguel were the first to be discovered by navigator Diogo de Silves around 1427.

Question: When were the Azores discovered?
Answer: 1427
RAF Bentley Priory

The station incorporated Bentley Priory, which was originally built in 1766. The house was significantly extended in 1788, by Sir John Soane, for John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Abercorn. It was the final home of the Dowager Queen Adelaide, queen consort of William IV, before her death there in 1849. Afterwards the building was used as a hotel and girls' school before being acquired by the RAF in 1926. The site includes a Grade II* listed Officers' Mess and Italian Gardens. These, together with the park, are designated a Registered Garden Grade II. The land south of the house is the Bentley Priory Nature Reserve, a Site of Special Scientific Interest maintained by Harrow Heritage Trust.[3]

Question: How old is RAF Bentley Priory?
Answer: built in 1766
Botulinum toxin

Botulinum is the most acutely lethal toxin known, with an estimated human median lethal dose (LD50) of 1.3–2.1 ng/kg intravenously or intramuscularly and 10–13ng/kg when inhaled.[2]

Question: What is the most lethal toxin?
Answer: Botulinum
Blenheim Palace

BlenheimPalace (pronounced  /ˈblɛnɪm/ BLEN-im[1]) is a monumental country house in Blenheim, Oxfordshire, England. It is the principal residence of the Dukes of Marlborough, and the only non-royal, non-episcopal country house in England to hold the title of palace. The palace, one of England's largest houses, was built between 1705 and 1722, and designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987.[2]

Question: When was Blenheim Palace built?
Answer: between 1705 and 1722
Mexican Revolution

The Mexican Revolution (Spanish: Revolución mexicana), also known as the Mexican Civil War (Spanish: guerra civil mexicana), was a major armed struggle, lasting roughly from 1910 to 1920, that radically transformed Mexican culture and government. Although recent research has focused on local and regional aspects of the Revolution, it was a genuinely national revolution.[4] Its outbreak in 1910 resulted from the failure of the 35-year-long regime of Porfirio Díaz to find a managed solution to the presidential succession. This meant there was a political crisis among competing elites and the opportunity for agrarian insurrection.[5] Wealthy landowner Francisco I. Madero challenged Díaz in the 1910 presidential election, and following the rigged results, revolted under the Plan of San Luis Potosí.[6] Armed conflict ousted Díaz from power; a new election was held in 1911, bringing Madero to the presidency.

Question: How long did the Mexican Revolution last?
Answer: 1910 to 1920
Incredibles 2

Incredibles 2 premiered in Los Angeles on June 5, 2018, and was theatrically released in the United States on June 15, 2018, in Disney Digital 3-D, Dolby Cinema, IMAX and IMAX 3D. The film received largely positive reviews and praise for its animation, voice acting, humor, action sequences, and musical score, although it received some criticism for being derivative of its predecessor. The film made $182.7million in its opening weekend, setting the record for best debut for an animated film, and has grossed over $1.2billion worldwide, making it the fourth highest-grossing film of 2018, the second highest-grossing animated film and the 15th highest-grossing film of all-time. Incredibles 2 was named by the National Board of Review as the Best Animated Film of 2018. The film was nominated at the 76th Golden Globe Awards and 91st Academy Awards, both for Best Animated Feature Film.

Question: When was Incredibles 2 released?
Answer: June 15, 2018