Question: How many churches are there in Rome?

Churches of Rome




There are more than 900 churches in Rome,[1]
including some notable Roman Catholic Marian churches. Most, but not all, of these are Roman Catholic.
The first churches of Rome originated in places where Christians met.  They were divided into three categories:
the houses of private Roman citizens (people who hosted the meetings of Christians– also known as oratoria, oracula)
the deaconries (places where charity distributions were given to the poor and placed under the control of a deacon; the greatest deaconries had many deacons, and one of them was elected archdeacon)
other houses holding a titulus (known as domus ecclesia)
Tituli

Pope Marcellus I (A.D. 306-308) is said to have recognized twenty five tituli in the City of Rome, quasi dioecesis.[2] It is known that in 336, Pope Julius I had set the number of presbyter cardinals to 28, so that for each day of the week, a different presbyter cardinal would say mass in one of the four major basilicas of Rome, St. Peter's, Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls, Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, and Basilica of St. John Lateran.[3]  In Stephan Kuttner's view,[4] "...the Roman cardinal priests and bishops were 'incardinated' for permanent (though limited) purposes into the patriarchal basilicas while remaining bound nonetheless to the churches of their original ordination."
Only the tituli were allowed to distribute sacraments. The most important priest in a titulus was given the name of Cardinal.[5] Pope Marcellus I (at the beginning of the 4th century) confirmed that the tituli were the only centres of administration in the Church. In AD 499, a synod held by Pope Symmachus listed all the presbyters participating, as well as the tituli who were present at that time:[6]

Titulus Aemilianae (Santi Quattro Coronati)
Titulus Anastasiae (Santa Anastasia)
Titulus SS Apostolorum (Santi Apostoli)
Titulus Byzantis or Vizantis (unknown, perhaps "Titulus Pammachii")
Titulus S Caeciliae (Santa Cecilia in Trastevere)
Titulus Clementis (San Clemente)
Titulus Crescentianae (San Sisto Vecchio)
Titulus Crysogoni (San Crisogono)
Titulus Cyriaci (Uncertain; theories include Santa Maria Antiqua and Santa Maria in Domnica)
Titulus Damasi (San Lorenzo in Damaso)
Titulus Equitii (San Martino ai Monti)
Titulus Eusebi (Sant'Eusebio)
Titulus Fasciolae (Santi Nereo e Achilleo)
Titulus Gaii (Santa Susanna)
Titulus Iulii (Santa Maria in Trastevere, identical with Titulus Callixti)
Titulus Lucinae (San Lorenzo in Lucina)
Titulus Marcelli (San Marcello al Corso)
Titulus Marci (San Marco)
Titulus Matthaei (in Via Merulana, destroyed in 1810)
Titulus Nicomedis (in Via Nomentana, destroyed)
Titulus Pammachii (Santi Giovanni e Paolo (Rome))
Titulus Praxedis (Santa Prassede)
Titulus Priscae (Santa Prisca)
Titulus Pudentis (Santa Pudenziana)
Titulus Romani (unknown, perhaps either Santa Maria Antiqua or Santa Maria in Domnica; whichever, the "Titulus Cyriaci" was not)
Titulus S Sabinae (Santa Sabina)
Titulus Tigridae (uncertain, perhaps Santa Balbina)
Titulus Vestinae (San Vitale)

"Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome"
In the time of Pope Alexander II (1061-1073) those priests who served at St. Peter's Basilica were referred to as the seven cardinals of S. Peter's:  septem cardinalibus S. Petri.[7] The four basilicas had no cardinal, since they were under the direct supervision of the Pope. The Basilica of St. John Lateran was also the seat of the bishop of Rome. Traditionally, pilgrims were expected to visit all four basilicas, and San Lorenzo fuori le mura, Santa Croce in Gerusalemme, and San Sebastiano fuori le mura which constituted the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome. In the Great Jubilee in 2000, the seventh church was instead Santuario della Madonna del Divino Amore as appointed by Pope John Paul II.
Notable churches by construction time
This is a list of churches of Rome cited in Wikipedia articles or with related files on Wikimedia Commons.
The churches are grouped according to the time of their initial construction: the dates are those of the first record of each church. The reader, however, should not expect the current fabric of the buildings to reflect that age, since over the centuries most have undergone reconstruction. Almost all the churches will thus appear considerably more recent, and as a patchwork of periods and styles.
A number of interesting churches are now closed, it must be noted, except on special occasions, such as weddings. These include: Santa Balbina, Santi Nereo e Achilleo, San Cesareo in Palatio and Sant'Urbano.
4th century

San Martino ai Monti (4th century)[8]
Santi Quattro Coronati (314)
Old St. Peter's Basilica (324)
San Giovanni in Laterano (324)
Santa Croce in Gerusalemme (325)
Santa Susanna (330)
San Marco (336)
Santa Anastasia (early-4th century)
Santa Costanza (early-4th century)
Santa Maria in Trastevere (early-4th century)
Santi Nereo e Achilleo (before 377)
San Lorenzo in Damaso (380)
Saint Paul Outside the Walls (386)
Santi Giovanni e Paolo (Rome) (398)
San Sisto Vecchio (late-4th century)
San Clemente (4th century)
San Lorenzo in Lucina (4th century)
Santi Marcellino e Pietro (4th century)
Santa Pudenziana (4th century)
San Sebastiano fuori le mura (4th century)
San Vitale (400)
San Marcello al Corso (probably late-4th century)
Santi Bonifacio e Alessio (between 3rd and 4th century)

5th century

Santa Sabina (432)
San Lorenzo in Lucina (430s)
Santa Maria Maggiore (430s)
Santo Stefano Rotondo (460)
Sant'Agata dei Goti (460s; originally Arian, the only Arian foundation to survive in Rome)
Sant'Eusebio (before 474)
Santa Bibiana (476)
San Giovanni a Porta Latina (late-5th century)
Santa Cecilia in Trastevere
San Crisogono
San Giovanni in Oleo
Santa Maria Antiqua
Santa Maria in Via Lata
San Paolo alle Tre Fontane
San Pietro in Vincoli, titular church for a cardinal-priest
Santa Prisca

6th century

Santi Cosma e Damiano (527)
Santa Lucia in Selci (early-6th century)
San Pancrazio (early 6th century)
Santi Apostoli (573)
San Lorenzo fuori le Mura (580s)
Santa Balbina (595)
Santa Maria in Aracoeli
Santa Maria in Cosmedin
San Nicola in Carcere
San Teodoro - in 2000 Pope John Paul II granted the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Greek Orthodox community in Rome use of the church

7th century

Sant'Agnese fuori le mura (mid-7th century)
Sant'Apollinare
San Giacomo Scossacavalli (mentioned for the first time in 7th century)
San Giorgio al Velabro
San Lorenzo in Miranda (11th century, but possibly 7th century)
Santi Luca e Martina
Santa Maria in Domnica
Santa Maria ad Martyres

8th century

Sant'Angelo in Pescheria (755 or 770)
Santa Prassede (800)
San Silvestro in Capite
Sant'Eustachio

9th century

Santa Francesca Romana
Santa Passera (the name comes from "Abbas Cyrus", Father Cyrus)
Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi (lost)
San Lorenzo in Panisperna (late-9th century)
Santi Celso e Giuliano

10th century

Santa Maria in Via
San Saba
San Sebastiano al Palatino
San Bartolomeo all'Isola (1000)
Santi Domenico e Sisto
Sant'Urbano

11th century

San Silvestro al Quirinale (before 1039)
Santa Maria del Popolo (1099)
San Lorenzo in Miranda (11th century, but possibly 7th century)

12th century

San Benedetto in Piscinula (at the beginning of the Trastevere in front of the Tiber Island)
Sant'Andrea delle Fratte
Santa Maria della Pietà
Santi Michele e Magno (in Borgo)
San Salvatore in Lauro
San Salvatore alle Coppelle (1195)
Santo Spirito in Sassia
San Gregorio Magno al Celio (late-12th century)

13th century

San Francesco a Ripa (1231)
Santa Maria sopra Minerva (mid-13th century)
Santissime Stimmate di San Francesco (1297)

14th century

Santa Barbara dei Librai (1306)
Santa Maria dell'Anima (after 1350)

15th century

San Gregorio della Divina Pietà or San Gregorio a Ponte Quattro Capi (after 1403)
Sant'Onofrio al Gianicolo (1439)
San Giacomo degli Spagnoli or Nostra Signora del Sacro Cuore (1450)
Santa Maria della Pace (1482)
Sant'Agostino (1483)
San Pietro in Montorio (1500), titular church for a cardinal-priest

16th century

Santa Maria della Consolazione (1506)
Santa Maria di Loreto (1507)
Santa Maria in Porta Paradisi (rebuilt in 1523)
Santa Maria dell'Orto (1567)
Sant'Andrea in Via Flaminia, also known as Sant'Andrea del Vignola (1553)
Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri (1561)
Santa Caterina dei Funari (1564)
Santa Maria in Traspontina (1566)
Santa Caterina a Magnanapoli (1575)
Santa Maria in Vallicella (1575)
Church of the Gesù (1580)
Santa Maria dei Monti (1580)
Trinità dei Monti (1585)
San Luigi dei Francesi (1589)
Sant'Andrea degli Scozzesi (1592)
Santa Maria Odigitria al Tritone (1594)
Santa Maria in Monserrato degli Spagnoli (1594)
Santa Maria dei Miracoli (1597)
Santissima Trinità dei Pellegrini (1597)
San Bernardo alle Terme (1598)
San Giacomo in Augusta (1600)

17th century

Santo Stefano del Cacco (1607)
Santa Maria della Scala (1610)
Santa Maria della Vittoria (1620)
Santi Ambrogio e Carlo (1612)
San Bonaventura al Palatino (1625)
Sant'Ignazio (1626)
Sant'Egidio (1630)
Santa Maria della Concezione dei Cappuccini (1631)
San Nicola dei Lorenesi (1632)
Domine Quo Vadis (1637)
San Carlo ai Catinari (1638)
Sant'Antonio dei Portoghesi (1638)
San Giovanni Calibita (1640)
San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane (1641)
Sant'Andrea della Valle (1650)
Santi Vincenzo e Anastasio a Trevi (1650)
Sant'Agnese in Agone (1652)
Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza (1660)
San Giuseppe dei Falegnami (1663)
Santa Maria in Campitelli (1667)
Gesù e Maria (1675)
Santa Maria in Montesanto (1675)
Sant'Andrea al Quirinale (1678)
San Michele a Ripa (1693)
Church of Santa Maria Maddalena (Rome) (1699)

18th century

Santi Claudio e Andrea dei Borgognoni (1729)
San Giovanni dei Fiorentini (1734)
Santissimo Nome di Maria al Foro Traiano (1741)

19th century

St. Alphonsus Liguori Church (1859)
St Andrew's Church (1885)
Chiesa di Sant'Anselmo all'Aventino (1892–1896)

20th century

Christuskirche (1910–1922)
Sacro Cuore di Cristo Re (1920–1934)
Santi Angeli Custodi a Città Giardino (1922), parochial church since 1926
Nostra Signora di Guadalupe a Monte Mario (1928–1932)
Gran Madre di Dio (1933–1937)
San Paolo alla Regola (year?) cardinal deaconry since 1946
Sant'Eugenio (1942–1951)
Ss. Pietro e Paolo a Via Ostiense (1938–1955)
Santa Maria Addolorata a piazza Buenos Aires (1910–1930)
San Gregorio VII (1960–1961)
San Policarpo all'Acquedotto Claudio (1960), parochial church; since 2015 also (youngest?) titular church for a Cardinal-priest
Santissimo Nome di Maria in Via Latina (1981)

21st century

Dio Padre Misericordioso (2003)
Church of the Great Martyr Saint Catherine (built in 2004, consecrated in 2009) - first Russian Orthodox church in Rome[9]

See also

Architecture of Rome
Religion in Rome



Books



H. W. Klewitz, "Die Entstehung des Kardinalskollegiums,"  Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Kanonische Abteilung 25 (1936), 115-221.
Krautheimer, R., Corpus Basilicarum Christianarum Romae, vol. 3.
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, including the books by Christian Huelsen, Mariano Armellini, and Filippo Titi