Question: Wafransisko wa Utawa wa Kwanza ni wa Karne gani?

Wafransisko


Wafransisko ni jina la jumla la wafuasi wote wa Fransisko wa Asizi wanaokadiriwa kuwa milioni moja hivi duniani kote.
Historia
Mwanzilishi mwenyewe katika karne XIII alivuta umati wa waamini wa Ukristo katika njia ya toba. 
Wanaume wengi walimfuata utawani kama Ndugu Wadogo, wanawake wengi pia walikusanyika monasterini kama Mabibi Fukara Waklara, wengine tena wa jinsia zote mbili walishika Injili katika maisha ya ndoa, upwekeni au kwa kuunda jumuia zisizo na nadhiri. 
Matawi hayo yakaja kuitwa Utawa wa Kwanza, wa Pili na wa Tatu wa Mt. Fransisko. 
Mapema zilitokea tofauti za mitazamo kuhusu karama halisi ya Mt. Fransisko, hivyo matawi yalianza kugawanyika, hasa kwa nia ya urekebisho. 
Hali ya sasa
Siku hizi kuna mashirika ya kitawa mia nne hivi yanayofuata mojawapo ya kanuni zilizokubaliwa na mapapa kwa matawi hayo. 
Katika ngazi ya kimataifa, Wafransisko wa Kanisa Katoliki wana Baraza la Familia ya Kifransisko ambalo lina uwakilishi katika Umoja wa Mataifa kama Asasi Isiyo ya Kiserikali iliyo kuu kuliko zote.
Kuna wafuasi wa Mt. Fransisko hata katika madhehebu mengine, na hasa Waanglikana ambao wana mashirika ya kitawa ya Kifransisko.
Marejeo
Vitabu
The Poor and the Perfect: The Rise of Learning in the Franciscan Order, 1209–1310 by Neslihan Senocak. (Cornell University Press; 2012) 280 pages; shows how Franciscans shifted away from an early emphasis on poverty and humility and instead emphasized educational roles
A History of the Franciscan Order: From Its Origins to the Year 1517 by John Richard Humpidge Moorman, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1988.  ISBN 978-0-8199-0921-3
Origins of the Franciscan Order by Cajetan Esser, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1970.  ISBN 978-0-8199-0408-9
The Leonine Union of the Order of Friars Minor by Maurice Carmody, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1994.  ISBN 978-1-57659-084-3
Friars Minor in China: 1294 – 1944, by Arnulf Camps and Pat McCloskey, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1996.  ISBN 978-1-57659-002-7
In the Name of St. Francis: A History of the Friars Minor and Franciscanism until the Early Sixteenth Century, by Grado Giovanni Merlo, translated by Robert J. Karris and Raphael Bonanno, Franciscan Institute Publications, 2009.  ISBN 978-1-57659-155-0
The History of Franciscan Theology, by Kenan Osborne, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1994.  ISBN 978-1-57659-032-4
Friars Minor in Ireland from Their Arrival to 1400, by Francis Cotter, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1994. ISBN 978-1-57659-083-6
The Franciscan Spirituals and the Capuchin Reform, by Thaddeus MacVicar, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1986.  ISBN 978-1-57659-086-7
Medieval Franciscan Houses, by John R. H. Moorman, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1983.  ISBN 978-1-57659-079-9
A Poor Man's Legacy: An Anthology of Franciscan Poverty, by Cyprian Lynch, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1989. ISBN 978-1-57659-069-0
The Franciscan Concept of Mission in the High Middle Ages, by E. Randolph Daniel, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1992. ISBN 0-8131-1315-6
Peace and Good in America, A History of the Holy Name Province, Order of the Friars Minor, 1850s to the Present, by Joseph M. White, Franciscan Institute Publications, 2004. ISBN 978-1-57659-196-3
The Birth of a Movement, by David Flood and Thaddee Matura, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1975. ISBN 978-0-8199-0567-3
A History of the Franciscan Order: From Its Origins to the Year 1517 by John R. H. Moorman, Oxford University Press, Oxford, (1968) ISBN 0-19-826425-9; reprint: Franciscan Herald Press, Chicago, IL (1988) ISBN 0-8199-0921-1
Franciscan Philosophy at Oxford in the Thirteenth Century by D.E. Sharp, Oxford University Press, London (1930); (a more recent ed.: ISBN 0-576-99216-X)
Medieval Monasticism: Forms of Religious Life in Western Europe in the Middle Ages (3rd Edition) by C.H. Lawrence, ISBN 0-582-40427-4
The Spiritual Franciscans: From Protest to Persecution in the Century After Saint Francis by David Burr. ISBN 0-271-02128-4
Francis and Clare: The Complete Works By Ignatius C. Brady, Regis J. Armstrong, Paulist Press, Mahwah, New Jersey, (1982) ISBN 0-8091-2446-7
The Fraternal Economy: A Pastoral Psychology of Franciscan Economics By David B. Couturier, Cloverdale Books, South Bend (2007) ISBN 978-1-929569-23-6
Francis of Assisi: Early Documents 3 Volumes. Edited by Regis J. Armstrong, OFM Cap., J.A. Wayne Hellmann, OFM Conv., and William J. Short, OFM. New York: New City Press. Copyright 1999, Franciscan Institute of Saint Bonaventure University, Saint Bonaventure, NY. ISBN 978-1-56548-110-7.
"The Franciscan Story" by Maurice Carmody, Athena Press Publishing Co. UK (2008). ISBN 1-84748-141-8 ; ISBN 978-1-84748-141-2
"Santo António de Lisboa - Da Ciência da Escritura ao Livro da Natureza", Maria Cândida Monteiro Pacheco, Imprensa Nacional casa da Moeda,Lisboa, (1997), ISBN 972-27-0855-4
"O Simbolismo da Natureza em Santo António de Lisboa", José Acácio Aguiar e Castro,Universidade Católica Portugesa- Fundação Engº António de Almeida, Porto, 1997, ISBN UCP 972-9290.13-X /FEAA 972-8386-03-6
Makala
Schmucki, Oktavian (2000) "Die Regel des Johannes von Matha und die Regel des Franziskus von Assisi. Ähnlichkeiten und Eigenheiten. Neue Beziehungen zum Islam" (pp.219–244) in Cipollone, Giulio (ed.). La Liberazione dei 'Captivi' tra Cristianità e Islam: Oltre la Crociata e il Gihâd: Tolleranza e Servizio Umanitario. (CollectaneaArchivi Vaticani, 46.) Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Vatican City.

Viungo vya nje

Tovuti rasmi
Matawi matatu ya Utawa wa Kwanza

Utawa wa Tatu


, independent Franciscan website.

Wafransisko Walutheri

(in German)  in Germany.
(in Swedish)  in Sweden.

(in Swedish) 
(in Swedish) 
Wafransisko Waanglikana

, Third Order (OSF).






Wafransisko wasiobaguana kwa msingi wa madhehebu
, a non-denominational order.
, a non-denominational group.
Marejeo kwa utafiti zaidi
, The Bancroft Library

Tazama pia
Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko

Jamii:Ukristo
Jamii:Kanisa Katoliki
Jamii:Mashirika ya kitawa