Question: Who was the greatest Chinese criminal?

List of Chinese criminal organizations


Criminal gangs are found throughout China but are most active in Chongqing, Shanghai, Macau, Tianjin, Shenyang, and Guangzhou as well as in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan. The number of people involved in organized crime on the mainland has risen from around 100,000 in 1986 to around 1.5 million in the year 2000.[1]
Since the new century, there are two academic books focusing on Chinese organized crime. Based on rich empirical work, these books offer how Chinese criminal organizations survive in the changing socio-economic and political environment.  Y. K. Chu's Triads as Business[2] looks at the role of Hong Kong Triads in legal, illegal and international markets. Peng Wang's The Chinese Mafia[3] examines the rise of mainland Chinese organized crime and the political-criminal nexus (collusion between gangs and corrupt police officers) in reform and opening era of China.
Triad societies

The following is a list of Chinese triad societies:
14K Group 十四K
14K Baai Lo 十四K 湃廬
14K Chung 十四K 忠字堆
14K Chung Yee Tong 十四K 忠義堂
14K Hau 十四K 孝字堆
14K Kim 十四K 劍字堆
14K Lai 十四K 禮字堆
14K Lun 十四K 倫字堆
14K Ngai 十四K 毅字堆
14K Sai Shing Tong 十四K 西勝堂
14K Sai Yee Tong 十四K 西義堂
14K Sat 十四K 實字堆
14K Shun 十四K 信字堆
14K Tai Huen Chai 十四K 大圈仔
14K Tak 十四K 德字堆
14K Yan 十四K 仁字堆
14K Yee 十四K 義字堆
14K Yee Shing Tong 十四K 義勝堂
14K Yung 十四K 勇字堆
Long Zi Group 龙子字頭
Long Zi Tong 龙子堂
Long Zi Kongsi 龙子會館
Long Zi Association 龙子协会
LZK
Luen Group 聯字頭
Luen Kung Lok 聯公樂
Luen Lok Tong 聯樂堂(單耳)
Luen Shun Tong 聯順堂
Luen Ying She 聯英社(老聯)
Luen Fei Ying 聯飛英
Luen Hung Ying 聯鴻英
Luen To Ying 聯桃英
Wo Group 和字頭
Wo Shing Wo 和勝和
Wo Shing Yee 和勝義
Wo On Lok (Shui Fong) 和安樂(水房)
Wo Hop To 和合圖(老和)[4]
Wo Lee Kwan 和利群[4]
Wo Kao Chi 和九指
Wo Kwan Lok 和群樂
Wo Lee Wo 和利和
Wo Shing Tong 和勝堂
Wo Yau Wo 和友和
Wo Yee Tong 和義堂
Wo Yung Yee 和勇義
Wo Hung Shing 和洪勝[5]
Wo Kwan Ying 和群英[5]
Wo Luen Shing 和聯勝[5]
Wo Yat Ping 和一平
Wo Yee Ping 和二平
Ah Kong Company 阿公党
Ang Bin Hoay 昂斌會
Ang Soon Tong 洪顺堂
Big Circle Gang 大圈幫
Black Dragons 黑龍[6]
Cai Group[7]
Chongqing group 重慶組
Chuen Group 全字頭
Chuen Chi Wo 全志和
Chuen Yat Chi 全一志(老全)[8]
Ghee Hin Kongsi 義興公司
Green Gang 青帮
CP=√169 Gang
Hai San 海山
Ping On 平安
Rung Group 梯級組
Shing Group 盛集團
Sin Ma 仙馬
Sio Sam Ong 小三王
Tung Group 東字頭
Tung Kung She 東公社
Tung Kwan She 東群社
Tung Luen She 東聯社(老東)
Tung On Tong 東安堂
Tung Ying She 東英社
Tung On Wo 東安和
Tung Kwan Ying 東群英
Tong Group 同字頭
Tong Kwan Ying 同群英
Tong Lok 同樂
Tong San Wo 同新和(老同)
Jackson Street Boys 積臣街小子[9]
Kung Lok 功乐
Kwong Group 廣字頭
Kwong Hung 廣雄
Kwong Luen Shing 廣聯盛(老廣)
Kwong Shing 廣盛
Kwong Sing Tong 廣聲堂
Yuet Group 粵字頭
Yuet Kwong 粵廣
Yuet Tung 粵東
Ching Group 正字頭
Ching Lung Tuen 正龍團
Chiu Chow Group 潮州幫
Fuk Yee Hing 福義興(老福)
Sun Yee On 新義安(老新)
Chiu Kwong She 潮光社
Chiu Luen Yee 潮聯義
Chung Chau Yuet 中秋月
Chung Sun Tong 忠信堂
Hoi Luk Fung 海陸豐互助社
King Yee 敬義[4]
Sam Shing She 三聖社
Tai Ho Choi 大好彩
Yat Lo Fat 一路发幫
Yee Kwan 義群[4]
Yee Shing Tong 義勝堂
Wah Ching 華青[10]
Wah Kee 華記
Taiwan Gangs 台灣幫派
Four Seas Gang 四海幫[11]
Bamboo Union 竹聯幫[11]
Tien Tao Meng (Heavenly Way Alliance) 天道盟[11]
Sung Lien Gang (Pine Union) 松聯幫[11]
Niu Pu Gang 牛埔幫
Chi Hsien Gang (Seven Yin Gang) 七賢幫
Ta hu Gang (Big Lake Gang) 大湖幫
Hsi Pei Gang (Northwest Gang) 西北幫
Pei Lien Gang (North Union) 北聯幫
Sun Kuang Gang (Three Lights) 三光幫
San Huan Gang (Three Circle) 三環幫
Fei Ying Gang (Fly Eagle) 飛鷹幫
Monga Group 艋舺角頭
Criminally influenced tongs
Alex Tong 亞歷塘
Bing Kong Tong 孔桶
Chang Sing 张星
Four Brothers 四兄弟（塘）
Ghee Kong Tong 酥油孔桶
Hop Sing Tong 合胜堂
Hip Sing Tong 协胜堂
Hung Mun Tong 洪门堂
Kim Ghee Tong 金酥油塘
Long Zii Tong 籽亿龙堂
On Leong Tong 论梁彤
Pa Hai Tong 北海堂                                                   * Tong Meng Gok 同盟阁
Suey Sing Tong 穗星塘
Tong Tran 陈彤
Tsung Tsin Association 崇正會
Tung Oon Association 東安公所
Wing Kong 香港永
W Zhang Tong W章通
Ying On Tong 英端堂[12]
Gangs
21 Boys 廿一仔[13]
Asian Militants 亞洲進擊[14]
Black Bugs 黑蟲[15]
Black Eagles 黑鷹
Chung Ching Yee (Joe Boys) 忠精義[16]
Chung Yee 忠義
Continentals 大陸幣
Dai Ben (Cookies) 大餅[17]
Eagle Dragons 龍鷹
Flying Circle Boys 飛圈仔
Flying Dragons 飛龍幫
Fong-Fong Boys 豐芳男[15]
Fuk Ching 福青 [18]
Ghost Shadows 鬼影幫[19]
Golden Star 金星
Green Dragons 青龍[20]
NICKAR CHING 香港仔
Hop Sing Boys 合勝仔[21]
Hung Pho 紅火
Immortals 神仙[15]
Kit Jai 傑仔[17]
Kurrupted Boys 男孩
Liang Shan (Quen Ying) 梁山[22]
Mo Ming Pai 無名派[23]
Phoenician Warriors[15]
Ping Boys 平仔[24]
Raiders 攻略[15]
Red Dragon[25]
Red Sun 紅陽[26]
Salakau 369
Seven Stars 七星[27]
Sing Wa 興華[28]
Snakehead (gang) 蛇頭
Suey Sing Boys 萃勝仔[29]
Taiwan Boys 台灣仔
Thien Long Boyz  天龍
Tung On 東安幫[30]
Viet Ching 越青[31]
White Dragons 白龍
White Eagles 白鷹[19]
White Tigers 白虎
Yau Lai 友利
See also
Criminal tattoos
List of criminal enterprises, gangs and syndicates
Secret societies in Singapore
Tiandihui
Notes

Further reading
Chu, Y. K. (2002). The triads as business. Routledge.
Ko-lin Chin.Chinatown Gangs: Extortion, Enterprise, and Ethnicity. Oxford University Press, 2000.
Peter Huston. Tongs, Gangs, and Triads: Chinese Crime Groups in North America (1995)
Lo, T. W. (2010). Beyond Social Capital: Triad Organized Crime in Hong Kong and China. British Journal of Criminology, 50(5), 851-872.
Wang, Peng. "The Increasing Threat of Chinese Organised Crime: national, regional and international perspectives", The RUSI Journal Vol. 158, No.4, (2013),pp.6–18.
Wang, Peng (2017). The Chinese Mafia: Organized Crime, Corruption, and Extra-Legal Protection. Oxford: Oxford University Press.








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