Question: What is the national dish of South Korea?

North Korean cuisine









This article is part of a series onKorean cuisine
한국 요리
조선 료리
Staples
Bap
Bibimbap
Bokkeum-bap
Gukbap
Juk
Mieum
Guksu
Naengmyeon
Mandu
AncillariesPickled dishes
Jangajji
Jeotgal
Kimchi
Baek-kimchi
Dongchimi
Kkakdugi
Nabak-kimchi
Soups & stews
Guk
Tang
Jeongol
Jijimi
Jjigae
Banchan
Bokkeum
Buchimgae
Jeon
Bugak
Gui
Hoe
Jjim
Jokpyeon
Jorim
Muk
Namul
Pyeonyuk
Po
Seon
Ssam
DessertsHangwa
Dasik
Gwapyeon
Jeonggwa
Kkultarae
Suksilgwa
Yakbap
Yeot
Yeotgangjeong
Yugwa
Gangjeong
Hangwa
Yumilgwa
Mandugwa
Taraegwa
Yakgwa
Tteok
Baekseolgi
Bupyeon
Gyeongdan
Injeolmi
Jeolpyeon
Jeungpyeon
Mujigae-tteok
Siru-tteok
Songpyeon
DrinksList of Korean drinks
Cha
Hwachae
Sikhye
Sul (alcoholic drinks)
Sujeonggwa
Condiments
Doenjang
Ganjang
Gukganjang
Eoganjang
Gochujang
Honey
Cheong
Mustard sauce
Oil
Perilla oil
Sesame oil
Ssamjang
Vinegar
Persimmon vinegar
Rice vinegar
Utensils
Dolsot
Onggi
Siru
Sujeo
Ttukbaegi
Other
Kimchi Field Museum
Kimchi refrigerator
List of Korean dishes
List of North Korean dishes
List of Korean beverages
Korean regional cuisine
Korean Chinese cuisine
Korean royal court cuisinevt
North Korea is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. It is bordered to the south by South Korea, and the two countries are separated by the Korean Demilitarized Zone. Some dishes are shared by the two Koreas.
Historically, Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change. Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in southern Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula, it has gone through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.[1] Rice dishes and kimchi are staple Korean foods. In a traditional meal, they accompany both side dishes (panch'an) and main courses like juk, pulgogi or noodles. Soju liquor is the best-known traditional Korean spirit.[2]
North Korean cuisine

Some North Korean dishes and foods are also prepared in South Korea, and a multitude of dishes that originated in North Korea were brought to South Korea by migrating families after the Korean War.[3] Many of these imported dishes became staples in the South Korean diet.[3]
In North Korea, some dishes vary in flavor compared to South Korean versions, with some North Korean dishes being less spicy and more varied in composition compared to South Korean preparations.[4][5] North Korean dishes have been described as having a unique and specific tanginess that is derived from using ingredients with flavors of sweet, sour, pungent and spicy, in combinations that create this effect.[6]
Some restaurants, particularly in Pyongyang, the capital city of North Korea, have expensive pricing relative to average worker wages in North Korea.[7][8] Accessibility to restaurants is not always available to average North Korean citizens, with tourists and rich citizens being the primary patrons at some of them, particularly upscale ones.[7][8] Per their pricing, upscale restaurants are typically only available to well-paid leaders of the North Korean government, tourists visiting the country, and the emerging affluent middle class of donju in the country.[9][10] Donju means ""masters of money", and the donju typically hold positions in the government, positions operating state-owned businesses outside of the country, and positions involving bringing investments and the importation of products into the country.[11][12][13][14]
Some street foods exist in North Korea, such as in Pyongyang, where vendors operate food stalls.[15][16][17] North Korea's first pizzeria opened in 2009.[18] Alcoholic beverages are produced and consumed in North Korea, and the country's legal drinking age is 18.[19]
North Korean dishes and foods

Banchan – side dishes that accompany full meals, banchan dishes are typically spicy, salty or tangy, and many are fermented, which adds  flavor.[5] Restaurants in North Korea typically charges for these accompaniments[20]
Barley [6]
Beef rib soup [21]
Bellflower [22]
Bibimbap – white rice with vegetables and other ingredients[20][23][24]
Dolsot bibimbap [20] – hot stone pot bibimbap
Bindae-tteok – a fried green bean pancake prepared using mung beans, green onion and kimchi.[21][23][3] Bindae-tteok first appears under the name binjatteok in the Eumsik dimibang, a cooking encyclopedia written in the 1670s by Jang Gye-hyang, the wife of a public officer.
Boshintang – traditional soup with dog meat as a primary ingredient[23][23][25][26][27][28]
Chapch'ae [23]
Chicken [29]
Chinese cabbage stew [30]
Chokpal – consists of pig's trotters cooked with soy sauce and various spices.[3] Additional ingredients can include onion, leeks, garlic, cinnamon and black pepper.[3]
Cookies [17]
Corn – it is not uncommon for North Koreans to grind corn, often including the corn cobs and husks to extend the mixture[6]
Edible mushrooms – such as wild pine mushrooms[6]
Dotori-muk – acorn jelly [6]

Gajami sikhae – a fermented and salted food prepared in North Korea using flounder and additional ingredients such as quinoa, garlic, ginger and chili flakes.[3]
Gimbap [23]
Gogi bap – a rice dish with artificial meat, it is a popular North Korean street food[16]
Herbs and greens – used as an ingredient and in salads[6]
Hot pot [22]
Injo gogi – sausages prepared using soybeans and other ingredients.[16]
Injo gogi bap - cooked rice wrapped in a skin of leftover soybean paste.

Kimchi – very common in North Korea, it is consumed as both a condiment and as a side dish, and often accompanies every meal.[5][20][23][31][27][6] Kimchi is relied upon by North Koreans during the winter months when fresh vegetables are unavailable.[6]
Kkakdugi – diced radish kimchi
Korean chestnut [22]
Mandu – various dumplings, mandu styles vary in different regions of North Korea[3]
Meats – meat consumption tends to be rare in North Korea, and most citizens only have access to meats during the public holidays of the birthdays of Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il, when extra meat is included in government rations provided to North Koreans.[6] Meats that are consumed include mostly pork, rabbit and occasionally goat.[6] Beef consumption is essentially not allowed in North Korea, but very limited consumption of small amounts of beef is permitted, which is sometimes used in stews or soups.[6]
Millet [24]
Miyeokguk – a nutritious vegetable soup prepared with seaweed[23]

Noodles and noodle dishes [32] – in North Korean culture, long noodles represent a long life or a long marriage, and long noodles are served to people at weddings.[27]
Beef noodle soup [20]
Corn noodles [33][34]
Raengmyŏn – referred to as "naengmyeon" in South Korea, it is a traditional Korean cold noodle dish that is prepared using buckwheat noodles in North Korea.[31][35][27] In North Korea, additional ingredients in the dish typically include some slices of meat, dried egg and hot sauce.[27] The noodles are prepared using the flour and starch from ingredients such as buckwheat, potatoes and sweet potatoes.[3] Some variations of the dish in North Korea is to include raw fish, cucumber, radish and Asian pear.[36][6] Some North Koreans state that raengmyŏn originated in North Korea, and that it was introduced to South Korea by North Koreans who emigrated to South Korea after the Korean War occurred.[36]
Ramen – referred to as "curly noodles" in North Korea.[33] Shin Ramyun is a brand of instant noodles produced in South Korea that is nicknamed "money ramen" in North Korea, due to its relatively expensive pricing in North Korea at around 800 won per unit.[33] In 2009, boxes of Shin Ramyun that contain twenty packages of ramen per box costed around 30,000 North Korean won, which in North Korea is expensive, and therefore not available to most North Korean citizens at this price.[lower-alpha 1]
Rice noodles [30]

Pajeon [20]
Pheasant [30][38]
Pickled cucumber [22]
Porridge – A staple food in North Korea[5]
Potatoes and potato dishes.[24][6] See also: potato production in North Korea.
Pulgogi – marinated and grilled beef[23][24]
Quail eggs and quail egg jelly [30]
Rice [21][24] – short-grain rice is a staple food in North Korea,[5] but rice shortages occur in the country, particularly for white rice.[6]
Rice cakes [6]
Seafood – seafood dishes and raw seafood are a part of the cuisine, and seafood is a staple food in North Korea[5][20]
Alaska pollock [39]
Clams [5][6]
Cod [5]
Gimbap sushi [23]
Gray mullet fish soup [21]
Octopus [30]
Salmon and raw salmon [20]
Seaweed [6]
Sinseollo [21]

Snack foods – examples of snack foods produced within North Korea include gangjeong, cookies, puffy snacks and cotton candy pieces.[17]
Sundae – traditional Korean sausages that are a popular street food[16]
Sungeo-guk
Tangogikuk – dog meat soup [30]
Tofu – a staple food in North Korea[5][22][32]
Tofu bap – a tofu and rice dish that is a common street food in North Korea.[16]
Tteok – sticky rice cakes, sometimes with fillings[23]
Turkey [22]
Yakbap – a traditional sweet dish prepared using steamed glutinous rice, chestnuts, dates, honey and other ingredients[31]

North Korean dishes and foods
Tangogikuk
Dolsot bibimbap
Unseasoned dotori-muk
Mapo tofu originated in China, and is consumed in North Korea
Tteok in Pyongyang, North Korea
Yakbap
Some typical foods in North Korea
Street food vendors in Pyongyang, North Korea
Dried pollock at the Rakwon Paradise Microbrewery. Dried pollock is a typical bar snack in some areas of North Korea.
Lunch at a restaurant in Pyongyang
Lunch at a restaurant in Kaesong
North Korean foods
Foods at a restaurant in Pyongyang
Covered dishes at Tongil restaurant in Kaesong
Dishes at Tongil restaurant in Kaesong
A North Korean propaganda poster stating, "Breed more rabbits and let our soldiers enjoy plentiful food!"

Condiments

Some condiments used in North Korea to add flavor to foods are listed below.
Bean paste [5]
Garlic [5]
Ginger [5]
Gochujang – prepared as a sauce and as a red pepper paste[5][20][22]
Pepper flakes [5]
Sesame oil [5]
Soy sauce [40]
Beverages

Bottled water is imported from China, and is typically consumed by the donju, "the new affluent middle class" in North Korea.[9] "Sindeok Saemmul" is a spring water produced in North Korea, but it is exported to countries in Southeast Asia, and is typically not available in the North Korean market.[9]
Coffee [41]
Instant coffee – some instant coffee in North Korea is produced within the country[42]
Daechucha – a traditional Korean tea prepared with jujube and a pine nut garnish[23][43]
Ginseng tea – a common beverage in North Korea[44]
Soft drinks – soft drink bottlers exist in North Korea, such as the Wonbong Trading Co. in Pyongyang.[45] Soft drink products produced within North Korea are sometimes labeled as "carbonated sweet water".[17] Imitations of major soda brands, such as Coca-Cola, are produced in North Korea.[45][46] Sometime in 2017, Air Koryo, North Korea's flagship airline, began offering its own brand of soft drinks on flights to and from Beijing, China.[45][47] Air Koryo soft drinks are also purveyed at some North Korean grocery stores.[42] Coca-Cola bottled in China is available in upscale grocery stores in Pyongyang, and Pepsi bottled in China is also available, although it is rare compared to Coca-Cola's availability.[45]

Coffee beans and an espresso machine at a coffee shop located next to the Pyongyang Hotel in Pyongyang, North Korea
A coffee drink at Helmut Sachers Kaffee in Pyongyang, North Korea

Alcoholic beverages

Alcoholic beverages are consumed in North Korea, and drinking is a part of the culture of North Korea.[48] North Korea's legal drinking age is 18, but minors are sometimes allowed to consume alcoholic beverages, and some shop keepers readily sell them alcoholic drinks.[19] Some North Koreans brew and distill alcoholic beverages at home, despite such home alcohol production being forbidden in North Korea, and some sell these beverages to markets, although this is also illegal.[19] Home brewed liquor is made using ingredients such as potatoes and corn.[19] Some North Korean consumers purchase alcoholic beverages directly from alcohol-producing factories in the country, using cash.[19] In recent times, imported Chinese liquor has been allowed to be sold in markets, and a well-known Chinese liquor purveyed in North Korea is Kaoliang Liquor, which has a 46-50% alcohol content.[19]
North Korea has some bars and other drinking establishments, and in recent times, beer halls have become popular in Pyongyang.[49][50][19]

Beer is produced in North Korea, and craft beer production has increased in recent times.[51] The major breweries in the country are Taedonggang Brewing Company, Paradise Microbrewery and the Yanggakdo Hotel Microbrewery.[52] In August 2016, the Taedonggang Brewing Company held the country's first beer festival, which included several Taedonggang varieties and other local beers.[53][54] Local beers at the festival included rice beer and dark beers.[53]
Beer brands produced in North Korea
Pohak
Ponghak
Pyongyang
Rakwon ("Paradise")
Ryongsong
Samgak ("Delta")
Taedonggang – brewed by the state-owned Taedonggang Brewing Company based in Pyongyang[23] In 2017, Taedonggang was the most popular beer in North Korea.[27]
Makgeolli – a specialty rice wine with a milky appearance, it is common in the countryside of North Korea[23][27] Makgeolli is produced using the same process used for the production of soju, and typically has a lower alcohol content compared to soju.[27] It is considered by some to be inferior compared to soju.[27]
Rice liquor – rice-based liquor is consumed by more North Koreans compared to beer.[55]
Rice wine – glutinous rice wine is a specialty alcoholic beverage in North Korea[22]
Soju – referred to as nongtaegi in North Korea, soju is a clear specialty spirit prepared from sweet potato or barley in North Korea.[19][20][23] It is similar to sake.[23] In North Korea, soju's alcohol content ranges from 18 to 25 percent.[27]

North Korean alcoholic beverages
The karaoke room bar in the Masikryong Hotel, located at the Masikryong Ski Resort in North Korea
Street food vendors selling draft beer at the 10th Pyongyang Autumn International Trade Fair
Craft beer at the Taedonggang Microbrewery No. 3 in Pyongyang, North Korea
An example of makgeolli

See also

Korean regional cuisine
Korean cuisine
List of Korean dishes
List of Korean desserts
List of Korean drinks
North Korean famine
Notes



Further reading


. Khaosod English. December 11, 2015.
 Media related to Cuisine of North Korea at Wikimedia Commons
 Media related to Meals in North Korea at Wikimedia Commons
 Media related to Beverages in North Korea at Wikimedia Commons
 Media related to Beers of North Korea at Wikimedia Commons
 Media related to Restaurants in North Korea at Wikimedia Commons