Question: When was the town of Simcoe, Ontario founded?

Simcoe, Ontario



Simcoe is an unincorporated community and former town in Southwestern Ontario, Canada near Lake Erie. It is the county seat and largest community of Norfolk County.[1] Simcoe is at the junction of Highway 3, at Highway 24, due south of Brantford, and accessible to Hamilton by nearby Highway 6. This largest of the Communities in Norfolk County, Ontario had a population of 13,922 at the time of the 2016 Census.[2]
History
Simcoe was founded in 1795 by Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe.[3] Initially, the settlement consisted of two distinct areas, Birdtown, named by William Bird who arrived in the early 1800s and the Queensway which grew up around Aron Culver's sawmill and grist mill in the 1820s. The post office opened in 1829 and was called Simcoe. In 1837, the village became the seat of government of the then Talbot District.[4]
A historical plaque adds that Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe gave land to Aaron Culver in 1795 on the agreement that he would build mills; after they were in operation, a hamlet formed by 1812, although it was burned down by American troops in 1814. Between 1819 and 1823 Culver laid out a village; streets were surveyed in 1835 to 1836.[5]
Records from 1846 indicate that the settlement was far from any major roads and had little communication with areas outside of Brantford, and that a stone court house and jail had already been built; the courthouse would be destroyed by fire in 1863 and rebuilt.[5] There were three churches, Methodist, Baptist, and Congregationalist A weekly newspaper is published here, the " Long Point Advocate." The population was about 1,400. The post office was receiving mail daily. This settlement contained the offices of the Judge of District Court, Sheriff, Clerk of Peace, Inspector of Licenses, Crown Lands Agent, District Clerk, Treasurer, Clerk of District Court, Deputy Clerk of Crown and the Superintendent of Schools. Already operating were two grist-mills, two sawmills, a brewery, two distilleries, a foundry, a fulling mill, nine stores, six taverns, two druggists, a bank (Gore) and many tradesmen.[6]
The population in 1850 was about 1600; in that year, Simcoe became the County seat of Norfolk County.[5] That had increased to 2100 by 1869 and two banks had opened.[7]
Simcoe was incorporated as a town in 1878 and had its own town council and mayor until December 31, 2000. In 2001, the town and all other municipalities within the Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk were dissolved and the region was divided into two single tier municipalities with city-status but called counties. Simcoe now forms Ward 5 of Norfolk County.
As a part of Haldimand-Norfolk County during the 20th century, passed their first tree conservation by-law in 1947. This law was revised in 2000 as a part of Norfolk County's Forestry Act. Around 350 applications for tree cutting permits are sent to Norfolk council per year. For every 100 acres of undeveloped land in Norfolk County, more than 25 of those acres are considered to be forested.[8] Most of these forests can be found within 10 miles or 16 kilometres of downtown Simcoe and are open for exploration except during periods of heavy snow.
Community and culture
One of the town's notable landmarks is the Norfolk County Memorial Tower, which commemorates the lives of Canadians who died for Canada in conflicts overseas.[9] The Memorial Tower overlooks scenic Wellington Park, a public greenspace that includes walking paths and a waterway system with a small lake, close to the downtown core.
Simcoe's main cemetery is Oakwood Cemetery.
A cultural club for people of Croatian descent operates in this town; the formal name given to this organization is the 531st branch of the Croatian Fraternal Union.[10] First organized by Franjo Bertovic during the 1990s, he went on to found other Croatian Fraternal Unions throughout Canada and Croatia.[11] Members of this fraternal benefit society refer to the club as the Simcoe Croatian Club when not in formal conversation. Expenses for sick workers in addition to their funeral expenses are often partially covered through its members' benefits.
The historic Molson Bank operated here from May 1898 until sometime in the 1920s; when the Bank of Montreal took over the building. Alterations made to the building within those decades would allow twice as much banking to take place. Fifteen more people were hired during the expansion of the bank in the early 20th century; bringing white collar jobs to the town.[12]
Many of Simcoe's buildings feature the International style of architecture; typical of the period between 1920 and 1950[13] while residential buildings from the 1850s use the Gothic Revival style of architecture.[14] The relatively tall buildings that came out of the "International" style (compared to the buildings in Simcoe prior to the 1950s) were used to make Simcoe into a more international destination for people to live, work, and admire. A couple of buildings in the downtown core even blend "International" elements with the Art Deco style of architecture; bringing bright colors and illusions of rapid movement into the building design.[13]
The only operating alligator tugboat remaining in the world, the W.D. Stalker, is in Simcoe.[15]
Simcoe has a radio station, 98.9 myFM, and two newspapers: The Simcoe Reformer and the Norfolk News. CHCH-DT in Hamilton is the nearest broadcast television station along with CKCO-DT in Kitchener and CIII-DT (a Toronto station with a repeater in Paris, Ontario). CHCH (channel 11 on Eastlink Cable - formerly Amtelecom Cable) is mostly a news channel while CKCO (CTV Two) and CIII (Global) offer a variety of entertainment choices during prime time (7 PM through 11 PM on weekdays).
Major local festivals include the Rotary-sponsored Friendship Festival, the Norfolk County Fair and Horse Show, and the winter light show of Panorama. Simcoe was one of the communities in Canada through which the Olympic torch travelled while going from Athens, Greece to Vancouver for the 21st Winter Olympic Games in Vancouver, British Columbia.
The Simcoe Santa Claus Parade has been historically held on the weekend following Remembrance Day. During the heyday of this event in the 1950s, the town would stop operating for one afternoon for people to enjoy the festivities.[16] In recent years, the parade has held a lower profile; with people preferring "warm weather" events like the Friendship Festival and the Norfolk County Fair.
Climate
Simcoe, like all of Norfolk County, Ontario has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb). Winters are cold with a January average of −7.8°C (18.0°F) in January and most days have maximum temperatures below 0°C (32°F). Though winters are cold,  mild stretches of weather can bring temperatures above 10°C (50°F) in January. The average annual snowfall is 133 centimetres (52in), with maximum accumulations of it occurring in February when the snow depth is 10 centimetres (4in). Summers are warm and humid with a July high of 27°C (81°F) and a July low of 15°C (59°F). Temperatures above 30°C (86°F) occur 10 days per year. The average annual precipitation is 1,010 millimetres (40in), which is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year. Delhi averages 2021 hours of bright sunshine per year or 43% of daylight hours, ranging from a low of 21.2% in December to 62.2% in July.[17]
The hottest day ever recorded for Simcoe was on August 28, 1973 when the local weather station registered temperatures up to 36.1°C (97.0°F).[18] Simcoe's coldest ever temperatures occurred on January 18, 1976 when temperatures of −29.4°C (−20.9°F) were detected by local weather authorities.[18] Traditionally, temperatures have ranged between −1.1°C (30.0°F) in January to 25.6°C (78.1°F) in July during times of moderate climate.[19][20]
As a rural community, Simcoe is generally 10% drier than the major cities of Toronto, Hamilton, and Ottawa. It is also 25 times less likely to face smog-related problems between the months of June and September than metropolitan cities like London, Windsor, and Sarnia. Sunny days  tend to last 15% longer; granting more needed sunlight for summer days in addition to forestalling the cold and dark winter nights.[21]

Housing and neighbourhoods
The monthly rent of a typical apartment in Simcoe ranges from 600 Canadian dollars per month (for a bachelor apartment in a working class neighbourhood) to 800 Canadian dollars (for the same bachelor apartment newer and more posh neighbourhood).[22] While the monthly rent for a rented apartment is considered inexpensive by global standards, the typical cost of eating at a restaurant in this community can vary from being reasonable to expensive; this depends primarily on the genre of the establishment and the type of food products being used in the preparation.[23] Fast food restaurants and Chinese restaurants tend to be reasonable while Italian restaurants and pizza places tend to be expensive.
Many of the more modern, newly built homes in Simcoe are around Mann Avenue (); these kind of family homes tend to sell on private sales for up to 370,000 Canadian dollars. Houses constructed in this neighbourhood range from being built in 2002 to 2010.[24]
Norfolk Street tends to be the dividing road between the "haves" and the "have nots" in this community. Most houses west of Norfolk Street are aging dilapidated buildings that rarely sell for a price greater than 200,000 Canadian dollars[25] while most houses east of Norfolk Street are ultramodern structures like those seen on Mann Avenue. Throughout the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the western part of Simcoe have generally been described as a neighbourhood for the working class, the unemployed and pensioners while the white collar elite have basically settled in the eastern neighbourhoods of Simcoe; particularly near the Queensway. These people typically range from doctors and lawyers to office workers and nurses. Exceptions to this rule can be found on Millcroft Drive and Miller Crescent (west of Norfolk Street) in addition to Arthur Street (east of Norfolk Street). Metcalfe Street (in the northwestern part of town) and Parker Drive (in the southwestern portion of town) are also considered to be one of the most affluent and safest streets in the western end of Simcoe.
The average age of a Simcoe resident as of 2011 is 48 years of age; the average male is 47 years old while the average female is 50 years old. While almost 6,000 people who live in this community are legally married as of 2011, a substantial number of people who never married exist in Simcoe; nearly 3,000 people in Simcoe have remained single and never engaged in a legal or common-law form of marriage. English is spoken the most frequently in Simcoe; with Ojibway and several Eastern European languages spoken by a tiny minority of the residents.[26]
Transportation and tourism
In 1886 the South Norfolk Railway constructed a line from Hamilton, Ontario, to Port Rowan, Ontario, that stopped in Simcoe.[27]
The train operated until 1965. Economic considerations in addition to rising energy and fuel prices are what basically killed the train operations in Norfolk County during the latter portion of the 20th century.
A local transit program is centred around Simcoe and helps to serve the major communities of Norfolk County.[28] It costs at least $17,000 for a budget vehicle for families in Simcoe (Toyota Corolla or any of its equivalents) and at least $19,195 for a budget vehicle for 1-2 people (Volkswagen Golf or any of its equvialents).[23]
There are 50 hotels and bed and breakfast properties within a reasonable driving distance of Simcoe's downtown core; having on-peak rates of anywhere between $97/night to $150/night in addition to off-peak rates ranging from $55/night to $129/night.[29]
A country club was established in Simcoe by Duncan Campbell in 1895 called the Norfolk County Golf and Country Club. It originally excluded ladies from membership and hard liquor from being consumed until 1912 when the club had to get incorporated. When it first became a co-educational golf club, ladies had the "privilege" of paying $4 to access the facilities while the gentlemen had to pay a handsome $15 to be entitled to full privileges.[30] This country club still stands today and visitors are encouraged to acquire memberships before playing golf.
Employment
A Simcoe equipment and boiler maker company called West & Peachey Company invented an amphibious steamboat called an Alligator which was used by logging companies all over Eastern North America in 1878. The firm built 230 alligator tugs between 1889 and 1932.[31] West and Peachey would become one of the first manufacturing companies to operate within the town limits of Simcoe.
During the 42 years that it was operating, the metal-can manufacturing plant owned by The American Can Company employed many local residents. The Canadian Canning Company, which had been in operation in Simcoe since the 1870s, was a primary customer for some of the products of the American Can Plant, and was a producer of canned fruit, vegetable, and processed prepared foodstuffs, such as soup. This processing plant relied heavily on fruit and vegetables produced locally.
In 1991, the Robinson street manufacturing plants closed. The shutdown of the plants can be partially attributed to the recession of the early 1990s.[32] At its prime, the American Can employed 605 male employees and 39 female employees with highly competitive wages.[33] During the Second World War, the Simcoe plant employed many women on a full-time basis, due to the shortage of men who had gone off to fight in the war. The plant continued to produce cans for the food industry, along with specialized packaging needed for the war effort.
Notable MPP Charles Strange from the historical Brantford electoral district worked at this plant in his later life and lived in Simcoe.
Small factories once were dominant in the southeastern end of Simcoe until the early 2000s, when high-wage manufacturing jobs started to be outsourced to low-wage regions like China, Bangladesh, and Singapore. Today, many of Simcoe's larger employers are in the retail service industry, with some employment in the area being primarily part-time and/or seasonal. There are also many employers engaged other pursuits which benefit the area, some examples being light manufacturing and financial services. The Toyotetsu manufacturing plant in the northwestern end of Simcoe, built in 2006, employs approximately 170 full-time personnel in metal parts stamping and fabrication for the automotive industry. Toyotetsu recently added another 75 full-time positions to their workforce to enable increased production.[34] As of January 2017, Toyotetsu employs over 600 workers.Agriculture and home building have also become lucrative employment opportunities during the first decade of the 21st century.
The Simcoe Town Centre, is the largest enclosed mall in the municipality of Norfolk.  It is anchored by Food Basics and Giant Tiger and has national tenants such as Reitmans, Ardene, Coles, Bentley, Bell and easyhome.  Recent retail additions to Simcoe include Shoppers Drug Mart, Walmart, Boston Pizza and A&W. A Bulk Barn outlet officially opened on December 15, 2012.[35] A Walmart store is a part of the new Highway #3 development in the northeastern part of the community.
Rural Canadian towns similar to Simcoe are close to dying due to economic and transportation issues that prevent people from holding meaningful employment and being prosperous. Towns like Eastend in Saskatchewan, Grey River in Newfoundland and Dollard in Saskatchewan are facing general hardships due to diminishing transportation choices, aging residents and bleak local employment opportunities. Simcoe's infrastructure and close proximity to urban markets are some of the reasons why Simcoe is not in any great economic peril within the next 30 years.[36]
Health
There are 24 doctors who practice conventional medicine within the city limits, most of the doctors do not accept new patients; with the exception of the terminally ill, pregnant women and their families. This situation is expected to clear itself within 5–10 years.[37]
Simcoe is home to the Norfolk General Hospital; the only general hospital in Norfolk County.
Norfolk General Hospital is the governing agency for Holmes House. Operating since 1989, Holmes House has been operating across the road from Norfolk General Hospital. It provides services to help recovering drug addicts manage their addiction using a co-education detoxification program. Applicants over the age of 16 years are accepted and the facility does not provide medicinal treatment for withdrawal symptoms.[38]
There are many other social health and welfare programs available in Simcoe that benefit all residents of the community. Some are available from organizations such as Haldimand-Norfolk Women's Services near downtown Simcoe.[39]
Notable people
Sports
John Axford, baseball player
Rob Blake, hockey player
Jassen Cullimore, hockey player
Red Kelly, hockey player
Andrew Penner, hockey player
Dwayne Roloson, hockey player
Ryan VandenBussche, hockey player
Rick Wamsley, hockey player
Annaleise Carr, swimmer
Education/politics
R. Scott Bakker, Canadian fantasy author
Reed Elley, former Member of Parliament for Nanaimo—Cowichan and current Baptist preacher
Robert Gardner, Professor Emeritus, Ryerson University
Alexander M. Hardy, former United States Congressman
Eric Hoskins, current Member of Provincial Parliament and Ontario cabinet minister
Arthur Slaght, former member of the Canadian House of Commons
David Strangway, Canadian geophysicist
Entertainment
Rick Danko (d. 1999),[40] musician (Ronnie Hawkins, The Band)
Terry Danko, musician[41] (Ronnie Hawkins, Atkinson, Danko and Ford, Bearfoot; session musician with George Harrison, Stephen Stills, Eric Clapton and Bob Dylan amongst others)[42]
Margo Davidson (d. 2008),[43] musician (The Parachute Club)
Military
James Sutherland Brown, senior staff officer in the Canadian Expeditionary Force in the First World War, wrote a contingency plan to invade and occupy northern United States.
Arts
Bruce McCall, a Canadian illustrator and author, best known for his frequent contributions to The New Yorker especially covers for the magazine. In his memoir, Thin Ice (1997), McCall recounts his childhood years in Simcoe.
Stella Asling-Riis, novelist and writer, was born at Simcoe.
Deborah Ellis, the recipient of the Governor General's Award, the Jane Addams Children's Book Award, the Vicky Metcalf Award for a body of work, an ALA Notable, and the Children's Africana Book Award Honor Book for Older Readers, lives in Simcoe.