Question: Do the aborigines have reservations?

Indigenous Protected Area


An Indigenous Protected Area is a class of protected area used in Australia formed by agreement with Indigenous Australians, declared by Indigenous Australians, and formally recognised  by the Australian Government as being part of its National Reserve System.[1][2]
By agreeing to establish Indigenous Protected Areas, Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders have (over the decade 1997-2007) contributed two thirds of all new additions to Australia's National Reserve System.[3]
History
During the 1990s the Australian Government was working in cooperation with State and Territory Governments to build a National Reserve System aimed at protecting, for future generations, a representative sample of Australia's diverse range of flora, fauna and eco-systems.[3]
As part of this effort, Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander owners of lands and seas were asked, and many who were interested in re-establishing effective indigenous land management agreed to participate in this endeavour.[3]
At a national conference of Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders held in 1997, it was agreed and resolved by the delegates present that a new class of 'indigenous' protected area should be formed as follows:[4]

"An Indigenous Protected Area is [to be] governed by the continuing responsibilities of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to care for and protect lands and waters for present and future generations."


"Indigenous Protected Areas may include areas of land and waters over which Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders are custodians, and which shall be managed for cultural biodiversity and conservation, permitting customary sustainable resource use and sharing of benefit."

The first trialing of this new environmental partnership aimed at adding the new class of Protected Areas to Australia's National Reserve System, was with the Adnyamathanha people of Nepabunna Aboriginal community volunteering 580 square kilometres of rugged limestone hills, siltstone flats, springs and waterholes between the Flinders Ranges and Gammon Ranges National Parks to be managed as an Indigenous Protected Area.[3][5]
The land selected for the first proposed Indigenous Protected area was held by the South Australian Aboriginal Lands Trust, and, by 26 August 1998, an agreement had been reached to see the Adnyamathanha people of Nepabunna Aboriginal community engaged and some employed in restoring the landscape to its former natural and cultural value, and Australia's first Indigenous Protected Area, the Nantawarrina Indigenous Protected Area was declared.[5]
By 2007 the kind of partnership agreed and started with the Nantawarrina Indigenous Protected Area had grown to include 23 declared Indigenous Protected Areas covering close to 170,000 square kilometres or 23 per cent of the National Reserve System.[3]
In July 2012, The Nature Conservancy, alongside IPA alongside the Central Land Council and government representatives from Australia’s National Reserve System, helped announce the launch of the Southern Tanami Indigenous Protected Area.This Indigenous Protected Area is Australia’s largest land reserve, spanning 10.15 million hectares.[6]  It protects important pieces of the Northern Territory’s natural legacy. Included in the Southern Tanami reserve are much of Lake Mackay—Australia’s second-largest lake—and an enormous swath of the Tanami Desert. This IPA links a variety of habitats that includes deserts and savannas, giving plant and animal species the space they need to maneuver around threats like wildfires and climate change.[7]
Criteria
Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander land and sea owners (including native title holders) may be encouraged, or themselves apply to the Australian Government to establish an Indigenous Protected Area on their lands/seas.  However, an Indigenous Protected Area can only come into existence where:[1]
land and/or seas are owned by Aboriginal Australians or Torres Strait Islanders; and
significant biodiversity occurs within such Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander owned lands or seas; and
the Aboriginal Australians or Torres Strait Islanders concerned enter into a formal conservation agreement with the Australian Government to manage some of their lands or seas as an IUCN standard "protected area".
IPA Data
IPA data is available online from several sources.
Department of Environment IPA Database.[8] AT 3 February 2017, latest data file was 20 September 2016. Data is not well maintained – for example the gazetted area value for several IPAs is zero.
Department of Environment  Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD).[9] CAPAD data is not updated in real time, but is infrequently updated on a two year schedule. At February 2017, the last available update was in 2014. Data values may be incorrect/out of date. For example some values have not been updated/corrected for 10 years.
Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet Indigenous Affairs online IPA and Indigenous Ranger map.[10] Data provided is incomplete, inaccurate, and locations for several smaller IPAs are incorrect on the map.
Protected Planet's  World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA)[11]
List of Indigenous Protected Areas
New South Wales
The following IPAs have been declared in New South Wales:[12]
Brewarrina Ngemba Billabong Indigenous Protected Area
Boorabee and The Willows Indigenous Protected Area
Gumma Indigenous Protected Area
Minyumai Indigenous Protected Area
Ngunya Jargoon Indigenous Protected Area
Tarriwa Kurrukun Indigenous Protected Area
Toogimbie Indigenous Protected Area
Wattleridge Indigenous Protected Area
Weilmoringle Indigenous Protected Area
Northern Territory
The following IPAs have been declared in the Northern Territory:[13]
Angas Downs Indigenous Protected Area
Anindilyakwa Indigenous Protected Area
Dhimurru Indigenous Protected Area
Djelk Indigenous Protected Area
Laynhapuy Indigenous Protected Area - 600,000 ha, created in 2006 [14]
Marri-Jabin | Stage one of the Thamarrurr Indigenous Protected Area
Northern Tanami Indigenous Protected Area
Southern Tanami Indigenous Protected Area
Warddeken Indigenous Protected Area
Yanyuwa Indigenous Protected Area
Queensland
The following IPAs have been declared in Queensland:[15]
Eastern Kuku Yalanji Indigenous Protected Area
Guanaba Indigenous Protected Area
Kaanju Ngaachi Wenlock and Pascoe Rivers Indigenous Protected Area
Mandingalbay Yidinji Indigenous Protected Area
Warul Kawa Indigenous Protected Area
South Australia
The following IPAs have been declared in South Australia:[16]
Antara-Sandy Bore Indigenous Protected Area
Kalka-Pipalyatjara Indigenous Protected Area
Mount Willoughby Indigenous Protected Area
Nantawarrina Indigenous Protected Area
Watarru and Walalkara Indigenous Protected Area
Yalata Indigenous Protected Area
Tasmania
The following IPAs have been declared in Tasmania:[17]
Preminghana Indigenous Protected Area
Risdon Cove and Putalina Indigenous Protected Areas
Mount Chappell and Badger Islands Indigenous Protected Areas
Victoria
The following IPAs have been declared in Victoria:[18]
Deen Maar Indigenous Protected Area
Kurtonitj Indigenous Protected Area
Lake Condah Indigenous Protected Area
Tyrendarra Indigenous Protected Area
Western Australia
The following IPAs have been declared in Western Australia:[19]
Balanggarra Indigenous Protected Area
Bardi Jawi Indigenous Protected Area
Birriliburu Indigenous Protected Area
Dambimangari Indigenous Protected Area
Kiwirrkurra Indigenous Protected Area
Matuwa and Kurrara Kurrara Indigenous Protected Area
Ninghan Indigenous Protected Area
Ngaanyatjarra Indigenous Protected Area
Paruku Indigenous Protected Area
Uunguu Indigenous Protected Area
Warlu Jilajaa Jumu Indigenous Protected Area
See also
Community Conservation Areas
Protected areas of Australia
Territory of Traditional Natural Resource Use, in Russia
Indian reservation
Indian reserve


Further reading