Question: Who is the most famous female scientist in history?

List of female scientists in the 20th century



This is a historical list, intended to deal with the time period when women working in science were rare. For this reason, this list deals only with the 20th century.  Some women who primarily worked in the 19th or 21st centuries may appear in a different list.
Anthropology

Katharine Bartlett (1907–2001), American physical anthropologist, museum curator
Ruth Benedict (1887–1948), American anthropologist
Alicia Dussán de Reichel (born 1920), Colombian anthropologist
Dina Dahbany-Miraglia (born 1938), American Yemini linguistic anthropologist, educator
Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) American folklorist and anthropologist
Marjorie F. Lambert (1908-2006) American archeologist and anthropologist who studied Southwestern Puebloan peoples
Dorothea Leighton (1908–1989), American social psychiatrist, founded the field of medical anthropology
Katharine Luomala (1907–1992), American anthropologist
Margaret Mead (1901–1978), American anthropologist
Grete Mostny (1914–1991), Austrian-born Chilean anthropologist and archaeologist
Miriam Tildesley (1883–1979), British anthropologist
Mildred Trotter (1899–1991), American forensic anthropologist
Camilla Wedgwood (1901–1955), British/Australian anthropologist
Alba Zaluar (born 1942), Brazilian anthropologist specializing in urban anthropology
Archaeology
Sonia Alconini (1965-), Bolivian archaeologist of the Formative Period of the Lake Titicaca basin
Birgit Arrhenius (born 1932) Swedish archaeologist
Dorothea Bate (1878–1951), British archaeologist and pioneer of archaeozoology.
Alex Bayliss British archaeologist
Crystal Bennett (1918–1987), British archaeologist whose research focused on Jordan
Zeineb Benzina Tunisian archeologist
Jole Bovio Marconi (1897–1986), Italian archaeologist and prehistorian
Juliet Clutton-Brock (1933–2015), British zooarchaeologist who specialized in domestic animals
Dorothy Charlesworth (1927–1981), British archaeologist and expert on Roman glass
Lily Chitty (1893–1979), British archaeologist who specialized in the preshistoric history of Wales and the [west of England]
Mary Kitson Clark (1905–2005), British archaeologist best known for her work on the Roman-British in Northern England
Bryony Coles (born 1946) British prehistoric archaeologist
Alana Cordy-Collins (1944–2015), American archaeologist specializing in Peruvian prehistory
Rosemary Cramp (born 1929), British archaeologist whose research focuses on Anglo-Saxons in Britain
Joan Breton Connelly American classical archaeologist
Margaret Conkey (born 1943), American archaeologist
Hester A. Davis, (1930–2014), American archaeologist who was instrumental in establishing public policy and ethical standards
Frederica de Laguna  (1906–2004), American archaeologist best known for her work on the archaeology of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska
Kelly Dixon American archaeologist specializing in the American West
Janette Deacon (1939-), South African archaeologist specializing in rock art conservation
Elizabeth Eames (1918–2008), British archaeologist who was an expert on medieval tiles
Anabel Ford (born 1951) American archaeologist
Aileen Fox (1907–2005), British archaeologist known excavating prehistoric and Roman sites throughout the United Kingdom
Alison Frantz (1903–1995), American archaeological photographer and Byzantine scholar
Honor Frost (1917–2010), Turkish archaeologist who specialized in underwater archaeology
Perla Fuscaldo (born 1941), Argentine egyptologist
Elizabeth Baldwin Garland American archaeologist
Kathleen K. Gilmore (1914–2010), American archaeologist known for her research in Spanish colonial archaeology
*Dorothy Garrod (1892–1968), British archaeologist who specialized in the Palaeolithic  period
Roberta Gilchrist (born 1965), Canadian archaeologist specializing in medieval Britain
Marija Gimbutas (1921–1994), Lithuanian archaeologist (Kurgan hypothesis)
Hetty Goldman (1881–1972), American archaeologist and one of the first female archaeologists to conduct excavations in the Middle East and Greece
Anna Maria Groot (born 1952), Columbian archaeologist
Audrey Henshall (born 1927), British archaeologist and prehistorian
Corinne Hofman (born 1959) Dutch archaeologist
Cynthia Irwin-Williams (1936–1990), American archaeologist of the prehistoric Southwest
Wilhelmina Feemster Jashemski (1910–2007), American archaeologist who specialized in the ancient site of Pompei
Margaret Ursula Jones (1916–2001) British archaeologist best known for directing Britain's largest archaeological excavation at Mucking, Essex
Rosemary Joyce (born 1956), American archaeologist who uncovered chocolate's archaeological record and studies Honduran pre-history
Kathleen Kenyon (1906–1978), British archaeologist known for her research on the Neolothic culture in Egypt and Mesopotamia
Alice Kober (1906–1950), American classical archaeologist best known for her research that led to the deciphering of Linear B
Kristina Killgrove (born 1977), American bioarchaeologist
Winifred Lamb (1894–1963), British archaeologist
Mary Leakey (1913–1996), British archaeologist known for discovering Proconsul remains which are now believed to be human's ancestor
Li Liu (archaeologist) (born 1953) Chinese-American archaeologist specializing in Neolithic and Bronze Age China
Anna Marguerite McCann (1933–2017), American archaeologist known for her work in underwater archaeology
Isabel McBryde (1934-), Australian archaeologist
Betty Meehan (1933-), Australian anthropologist and archaeologist
Audrey Meaney (born 1931) is a British archaeologist and expert on Anglo-Saxon England
Margaret Murray (1863–1963), British-Indian Egyptologist and the first woman to be appointed a lecturer in archaeology in the United Kingdom
Bertha Parker Pallan (1907–1978), American archaeologist known for being the first female Native American archaeologist
Charlotte Roberts (born 1957), British bioarchaeologist
Margaret Rule (1928–2015) British archaeologist led the excavation of the Tudor Warship Mary Rose'
Elisabeth Ruttkay, (1926–2009), Austrian Neolithic and Bronze Age specialist
Hanna Rydh (1891–1964), Swedish archaeologist and prehistorian
Elizabeth Slater (1946–2014) British archaeologist who specialized in British archaeologist archaeometallurgy
Julie K. Stein Researches prehistoric humans in the Pacific Northwest
Hoang Thi Than (born 1944), Vietnamese geological engineer and archaeologist
Birgitta Wallace (born 1944), Swedish–Canadian archaeologist whose research focuses on Norse migration to North America.
Zheng Zhenxiang, (1929-), Chinese archaeologist and Bronze Age specialist
Astronomy
Claudia Alexander (1959-2015), American planetary scientist
Mary Adela Blagg (1858–1944), British astronomer
Margaret Burbidge (1919–), British astrophysicist
Jocelyn Bell Burnell (1943–), Northern Irish-British astrophysicist
Annie Jump Cannon (1863–1941), American astronomer
Janine Connes,  French astronomer[1]
A. Grace Cook (1887–1958), British astronomer
Heather Couper (1949–), British astronomer (astronomy popularisation, science education)
Joy Crisp, American planetary scientist
Sandra Faber (1944–), American astronomer[2]
Pamela Gay (1973-), American astronomer
Vera Fedorovna Gaze (1899–-1954) Russian astronomer (planet 2388 Gase an Gaze Crater on Venus are named for her)
Julie Vinter Hansen (1890–1960), Danish astronomer
Martha Haynes (1951-), American astronomer
Lisa Kaltenegger - Austrian/American astronomer
Dorothea Klumpke (1861–1942), American-born astronomer
Henrietta Leavitt, (1868–1921), American astronomer (periodicity of variable stars)
Evelyn Leland (c.1870–c.1930), American astronomer working at the Harvard College Observatory
Priyamvada Natarajan, Indian/American astrophysicist
Carolyn Porco (1953–), American planetary scientist
Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (1900–1978), British-American astronomer
Ruby Payne-Scott (1912–1981), Australian radio astronomer
Vera Rubin (1928–2016), American astronomer[3]
Charlotte Moore Sitterly (1898–1990), American astronomer
Jill Tarter (1944–), American astronomer
Beatrice Tinsley (1941–1981), New Zealand astronomer and cosmologist
Biology

Nora Lilian Alcock (1874–1972), British plant pathologist
Alice Alldredge, (1949-) American oceanographer and researcher of marine snow, discover of Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP) and demersal zooplankton
June Almeida (1930–2007), British virologist
E. K. Janaki Ammal (1897–1984), Indian botanist
Vandika Ervandovna Avetisyan (1928-) Armenian botanist and mycologist
Denise P. Barlow (1950–2017), British geneticist
Yvonne Barr (1932–), British virologist (co-discovery of Epstein-Barr virus)
Lela Viola Barton (1901–1967), American botanist
Kathleen Basford (1916–1998), British botanist
Gillian Bates, British geneticist (Huntington's disease)
Val Beral (1946–), British–Australian epidemiologist
Grace Berlin (1897–1982), American ecologist, ornithologist and historian
Agathe L. van Beverwijk (1907–1963), Dutch mycologist
Gladys Black (1909–1998), American ornithologist
Idelisa Bonnelly (1931-), Dominican Republic marine biologist
Alice Middleton Boring (1883–1955), American biologist
Annette Frances Braun (1911–1968), American entomologist, expert on microlepidoptera
Linda B. Buck (1947–), American neuroscientist (Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004 for olfactory receptors)
Hildred Mary Butler (1906–1975), Australian microbiologist
Esther Byrnes (1867–1946), American biologist and science teacher
Bertha Cady (1873–1956), American entomologist and educator
Audrey Cahn (1905–2008) Australian microbiologist and nutritionist
Eleanor Carothers (1882–1957), American zoologist, geneticist and cytologist
Rachel Carson (1907–1964), American marine biologist and conservationist
Edith Katherine Cash (1890–1992), American mycologist and lichenologist
Ann Chapman (1937–2009), New Zealand biologist and limnologist
Martha Chase (1927–2003), American molecular biologist
Mary-Dell Chilton (1939–), American molecular biologist
Theresa Clay (1911–1995), English entomologist
Edith Clements (1874–1971), American botanist and pioneer of botanical ecology
Elzada Clover (1897–1980), American botanist
Ursula M. Cowgill, American biologist and anthropologist
Gerty Theresa Cori (1896–1957), American biochemist (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947)
Suzanne Cory (1942–), Australian immunologist/cancer researcher
Janet Darbyshire, British epidemiologist
Gertrude Crotty Davenport (1866–1946), American zoologist and eugenicist
Sophie Charlotte Ducker (1909–2004), Australian botanist
Sophia Eckerson (1880–1954), American botanist
Sylvia Edlund (1945–2014), Canadian botanist
Charlotte Elliott (1883–1974), American plant physiologist
Charlotte Cortlandt Ellis (1874–1956), American botanist
Vera Danchakoff (1879 – about 1950) Russian anatomist, cell biologist and embryologist, "mother of stem cells"
Rhoda Erdmann (1870–1935), German cell biologist
Katherine Esau (1898–1997), German-American botanist
Edna H. Fawcett (1879–1960), American botanist
Catherine Feuillet (1965-), French molecular biologist who was the first scientist to map the wheat chromosome 3B
Dian Fossey (1932–1985), American zoologist
Birutė Galdikas (1946–), German primatologist and conservationist
Margaret Sylvia Gilliland (1917–1990), Australian biochemist
Jane Goodall (1934–), British biologist, primatologist
Isabella Gordon (1901–1988), Scottish marine biologist
Susan Greenfield (1951–), British neurophysiologist (neurophysiology of the brain, popularisation of science)
Charlotte Elliott (1883–1974), American plant physiologist
Constance Endicott Hartt (1900–1984), American botanist
Eliza Amy Hodgson (1888–1983), New Zealand botanist
Lena B. Smithers Hughes (1905–1987), American botanist, developed strains of the Valencia orange
Eva Jablonka (1952-), Polish/Israeli biologist and philosopher
Marian Koshland (1921–1997), American immunologist
Frances Adams Le Sueur (1919–1995), British botanist and ornithologist
Margaret Reed Lewis (1881–1970), American cell biologist and embryologist
Maria Carmelo Lico (1927–1985), Italo-Argentinian-Brazilian neuroscientist
Gloria Lim (1930-), Singaporean mycologist, first woman Dean of the Faculty of Science, University of Singapore
Liliana Lubinska (1904–1990), Polish neuroscientist
Misha Mahowald (1963–1996), American neuroscientist
Lynn Margulis (1938–2011), American biologist
Deborah Martin-Downs, Canadian aquatic biologist, ecologist
Sara Branham Matthews (1888–1962), American microbiologist
Barbara McClintock (1902–1992), American geneticist, Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine 1983
Eileen McCracken (1920–1988), Irish botanist
Ruth Colvin Starrett McGuire (1893–1950), American plant pathologist
Anne McLaren (1927–2007), British developmental biologist
Ethel Irene McLennan (1891–1983), Australian botanist
Eunice Thomas Miner, American biologist, executive director of the New York Academy of Sciences 1939–1967
Rita Levi-Montalcini (1909–2012), Italian neurologist (Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine 1986 for growth factors)
Marianne V. Moore (graduated 1975), aquatic ecologist
Ann Haven Morgan (1882–1966), American zoologist
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (1942–), German geneticist and developmental biologist (Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine 1995 for<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[15463,15475,2,2]}'>homeobox genes)
Ida Shepard Oldroyd (1856–1940), American conchologist
Daphne Osborne (1930–2006), British plant physiologist (plant hormones)
Mary Parke (1908–1989), British marine botanist specialising in phycology, the study of algae
Jane E. Parker (1960– ), British botanist who researches the immune responses of plants
Eva J. Pell (1948–), American plant pathologist
Theodora Lisle Prankerd (1878–1939), British botanist
Joan Beauchamp Procter (1897–1931), British zoologist (herpetologist)
F. Gwendolen Rees (1906–1994), British parasitologist
Anita Roberts (1942–2006), American molecular biologist, "mother of TGF-Beta"
Edith A. Roberts (1881-1977), American botanist and plant ecology pioneer
Gudrun Ruud (1882–1958), Norwegian zoologist specializing in embryology
Hazel Schmoll (1890–1990), American botanist
Eva Schönbeck-Temesy (1930-2011) Austrian botanist of Hungarian descent
Idah Sithole-Niang (1957-), biochemist focusing on cowpea production and disease
Margaret A. Stanley, British virologist and epithelial biologist
Phyllis Starkey (1947–) British biochemist and medical researcher
Magda Staudinger (Latvian: Magda Štaudingere) (1902-1997), Latvian-German biologist and chemist
Sarah Stewart (1905-1976), Mexican American microbiologist (discovered the Polyomavirus)
Ragnhild Sundby (1922–2006), Norwegian zoologist
Maria Telkes (1900–1995), Hungarian-American biophysicist
Lois H. Tiffany (1924–2009), American mycologist
Lydia Villa-Komaroff (1947–), Mexican American molecular cellular biologist
Karen Vousden, British cancer researcher
Elisabeth Vrba, South African paleontologist
Marvalee Wake (born 1939), American biologist researching limbless amphibians, educator
Jane C. Wright (1919–2013), American oncologist
Kono Yasui (1880–1971), Japanese cytologist
Eleanor Anne Young (1925–2007), American nutritionist and educator
Chemistry

Maria Abbracchio, (1956-) Italian pharmacologist who works with purinergic receptors and identified GPR17. On Reuter's most cited list since 2006.
Barbara Askins (1939-), American chemist
Alice Ball (1892–1916), American chemist
Ulrike Beisiegel (1952-), German biochemist, researcher of liver fats and first female president of the University of Göttingen
Anne Beloff-Chain (1921–1991), British biochemist
Jeannette Brown (born 1934), medicinal chemist, writer, educator
Astrid Cleve (1875–1968), Swedish chemist
Seetha Coleman-Kammula (1950-) Indian chemist and plastics designer, turned environmentalist
Maria Skłodowska-Curie (1867–1934), Polish-French chemist (pioneer in radiology, discovery of polonium and radium), Nobel prize in physics 1903 and Nobel prize in chemistry 1911
Mary Campbell Dawbarn (1902–1982), Australian biochemist
Moira Lenore Dynon (1920–1976), Australian chemist
Gertrude B. Elion (1918–1999), American biochemist (Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine 1988 for drug development)
Gwendolyn Wilson Fowler (1907–1997), American chemist and first licensed African American pharmacist in Iowa
Rosalind Franklin (1920–1957), British physical chemist and crystallographer[4]:82–89
Ellen Gleditsch (1879–1968), Norwegian radiochemist[5]
Jenny Glusker (born 1931), British biochemist, educator
Emīlija Gudriniece (1920–2004), Latvian chemist and academic
Anna J. Harrison (1912–1998), American organic chemist
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (1910–1994), British crystallographer,[4]:75–81 Nobel prize in chemistry 1964
Clara Immerwahr (1870–1915), German chemist
Irène Joliot-Curie (1897–1956), French chemist and nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935
Chika Kuroda (1884–1968), Japanese chemist
Stephanie Kwolek (1923–), American chemist, inventor of Kevlar
Lidija Liepiņa  (1891–1985), Latvian chemist, one of the first Soviet doctorates in chemistry.
Kathleen Lonsdale (1903–1971), British crystallographer[4]:71–74
Grace Medes (1886–1967), American biochemist
Maud Menten (1879–1960), Canadian biochemist
Muriel Wheldale Onslow (1880–1932), British biochemist
Helen T. Parsons (1886–1977), American biochemist
Nellie M. Payne (1900–1990), American entomologist and agricultural chemist
Eva Philbin (1914–2005), Irish chemist
Darshan Ranganathan (1941–2001), Indian organic chemist
Mildred Rebstock (1919–2011), American pharmaceutical chemist
Elizabeth Rona, (1890–1981) Hungarian (naturalized American) nuclear chemist and polonium expert
Patsy Sherman (1930–2008), American chemist, co-inventor of Scotchgard
Marija Šimanska (1922–1995), Latvian chemist
Ida Noddack Tacke (1896–1978), German chemist and physicist
Grace Oladunni Taylor, Nigerian chemist 2nd woman inducted into the Nigerian Academy of Science
Jean Thomas, British biochemist (chromatin)
Michiyo Tsujimura (1888–1969), Japanese biochemist, agricultural scientist
Joanna Maria Vandenberg (born 1938), Dutch solid state chemist and crystallographer
Elizabeth Williamson, English pharmacologist and herbalist
Ada Yonath (1939–), Israeli crystallographer, Nobel prize in Chemistry 2009
Christina Miller (1899–2001) Scottish chemist, one of the first women elected to Royal Society of Edinburgh
Geology
Zonia Baber (1862–1955), American geographer and geologist
Inés Cifuentes (1954–2014), American seismologist and educator
Moira Dunbar (1918–1999), Scottish-Canadian glaciologist
Elizabeth F. Fisher (1872–1941), American geologist
Regina Fleszarowa (1888-1969), Polish geologist
Winifred Goldring (1888–1971), American paleontologist
Eileen Hendriks (1887–1978), British geologist
Edith Kristan-Tollmann (1934-1995), Austrian geologist and paleontologist
Dorothée Le Maître (1896–1990), French paleontologist
Karen Cook McNally  (1940–2014), American seismologist
Inge Lehmann (1888–1993) Danish seismologist who discovered Earth’s solid inner core
Marcia McNutt (1951– ), American geophysicist
Ellen Louise Mertz (1896–1987), Danish engineering geologist
Ruth Schmidt (1916–2014), American geologist
Ethel Shakespear (1871–1946), English geologist
Kathleen Sherrard (1898–1975), Australian geologist and palaeontologist
Ethel Skeat (1865–1939), English paleontologist and geologist
Marjorie Sweeting (1920–1994), British geomorphologist
Marie Tharp (1920–2006), American geologist and oceanographic cartographer
Elsa G. Vilmundardóttir (1932–2008), Iceland's first female geologist
Marguerite Williams (1895-?), American geologist
Alice Wilson (1881–1964), Canadian geologist and paleontologist
Elizabeth A. Wood (1912–2006), American crystallographer and geologist
Mathematics or computer science
Hertha Marks Ayrton (1854–1923), British mathematician and electrical engineer (electric arcs, sand ripples, invention of several devices, geometry)
Anita Borg (1949–2003), American computer scientist, founder of the Institute for Women and Technology
Mary L. Cartwright (1900–1998), British mathematician[6]
Amanda Chessell, British computer scientist
Ingrid Daubechies (1954–), Belgian mathematician (Wavelets - first woman to receive the National Academy of Sciences Award in Mathematics)
Tatjana Ehrenfest-Afanassjewa (1876–1964), Russian/Dutch mathematician
Deborah Estrin (1959–), American computer scientist
Vera Faddeeva (Russian: Вера Николаевна Фаддеева) (1906-1983), Russian mathematician. One of the first to publish works on linear algebra.
Shafi Goldwasser, American-Israel computer scientist.
Evelyn Boyd Granville (1924–), American mathematician, second African-American woman to get a Ph.D. in mathematics
Marion Cameron Gray (1902–1979), Scottish mathematician
Barbara Grosz, American computer scientist; 1993 President of the AAAI
Bryna Kra, (1966-), American mathematician
Frances Hardcastle (1866–1941), mathematician, founding member of the American Mathematical Society.[7]
Julia Hirschberg, American computer scientist and computational linguist
Grace Hopper (1906–1992), American computer scientist
Margarete Kahn (1880-1942), German mathematician
Lyudmila Keldysh (1904–1976) Russia mathematician known for set theory and geometric topology
Marta Kwiatkowska, Polish-British Computer scientist
Marguerite Lehr (1898–1987), American mathematician
Margaret Anne LeMone (born 1946), mathematician and atmospheric scientist
Barbara Liskov (1939–), American computer scientist for whom the Liskov substitution principle is named
Margaret Millington (1944–1973), English mathematician
Mangala Narlikar (graduated 1962), Indian mathematician
Rózsa Péter (1905–1977), Hungarian mathematician
Karen Sparck Jones (1935–2007) British computer scientist
Dorothy Vaughan (1910–2008), American mathematician, worked at NACA's Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory
Dorothy Maud Wrinch (1894–1976), British mathematician and theoretical biochemist
Jeannette Wing (1956-), computer scientist, Microsoft Corporate Vice President
Maryam Mirzakhani (1977-2017), Iranian mathematician, first female recipient of the Fields medal
Science education
Kathleen Jannette Anderson (1927–2002), Scottish biologist
Susan Blackmore (1951–), British science writer (memetics, evolutionary theory, consciousness, parapsychology)
Florence Annie Yeldham (1877–1945), British school teacher and historian of arithmetic
Engineering
Kate Gleason (1865–1933), American engineer
Laura Anne Willson (1877–1942), British engineer and suffragette
Florence Violet McKenzie (1890 or 1892–1982), first female electrical engineer in Australia
Frances Bradfield (1896–1967), British aeronautical engineer
Elsie MacGill (1907-1980), First Canadian female engineer
Frances Hugle (1927–1968), American engineer
Ida Holz (1935-), Uruguayan engineer
Maria Tereza Jorge Pádua (born 1943), Brazilian ecologist
Nance Dicciani (1947-), American chemical engineer
Ana María Flores (1952-), Bolivian engineer
Julia King, Baroness Brown of Cambridge (1954-), British engineer
Zhenan Bao (1970-), American chemical engineer and materials scientist
Jayne Bryant, Engineering Director for BAE Systems
Molly Shoichet, Canadian biomedical engineer

Medicine
Phyllis Margery Anderson (1901–1957), Australian pathologist
Virginia Apgar (1909–1974) American obstetrical anesthesiologist (inventor of the Apgar score)
Anna Baetjer (1899–1984), American physiologist and toxicologist
Roberta Bondar (1945-), Canadian, space medicine
Dorothy Lavinia Brown (1919–2004), American surgeon
Audrey Cahn (1905–2008), Australian nutritionist and microbiologist
Margaret Chan (1947–), Chinese-Canadian health administrator; director of the World Health Organization
Evelyn Stocking Crosslin (1919–1991), American physician
Eleanor Davies-Colley (1874–1934), British surgeon (first female FRCS)
Claire Fagin (1926-), American health-care researcher
Sophia Getzowa (1872-1946), Belarusian-Israeli pathologist
Esther Greisheimer (1891–1982), American academic and medical researcher
L. Ruth Guy (1913–2006), American academic and pathologist
Karen C. Johnson (1955-) American physician and clinical trials specialist who is one of Reuter's most cited scientists
Krista Kostial-Šimonović (1923-2018) Croatian physiologist and heavy metals expert
Mary Jeanne Kreek (born 1937), American neurobiologist
Elise L'Esperance (1878–1958), American pathologist
Elaine Marjory Little (1884–1974), Australian pathologist
Anna Suk-Fong Lok, Chinese/American hepatologist, wrote WHO and AASLD guidelines for emerging countries and liver disease
Eleanor Josephine Macdonald (1906–2007) pioneer American cancer epidemiologist and cancer researcher
Catharine Macfarlane (1877–1969), American obstetrician and gynecologist
Charlotte E. Maguire (1918—2014), Florida pediatrician and medical school benefactor
Louisa Martindale (1872–1966), British surgeon
Helen Mayo (1878–1967), Australian doctor and pioneer in preventing infant mortality
Frances Gertrude McGill (1882–1959), Canadian forensic pathologist
Eleanor Montague (born 1926), American radiologist and radiotherapist
Anne B. Newman (1955- ), US Geriatrics & Gerontology expert
Antonia Novello (1944-), Puerto Rican physician and Surgeon General of the United States
Dorothea Orem (1914–2007), Nursing theorist
Ida Ørskov (1922–2007), Danish bacteriologist
May Owen (1892–1988), Texas pathologist, discovered talcum powder used on surgical gloves caused infection and peritoneal scarring
Angeliki Panajiotatou (1875–1954), Greek physician and microbiologist
Kathleen I. Pritchard (1956-), Canadian oncologist, breast cancer researcher and noted as one of Reuter's most cited scientists.
Frieda Robscheit-Robbins (1888–1973), German-American pathologist
Ora Mendelsohn Rosen (1935–1990), American medical researcher
Una Ryan, (1941) Malaysian born-American, heart disease researcher, biotech vaccine and diagnostics maker/marketer
Una M. Ryan, (1966) patented DNA test identifying the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium
Velma Scantlebury, (1955) first woman of African descent to become a transplant surgeon in the U.S.
Lise Thiry (born 1921), Belgian virologist, senator
Helen Rodríguez Trías (1929–2001), Puerto Rican American pediatrician and advocate for women's reproductive rights
Marie Stopes (1880–-1958) British paleobotanist and pioneer in birth control
Elizabeth M. Ward, American epidemiologist and head of the Epidemiology and Surveillance Research Department of the American Cancer Society
Elsie Widdowson (1908–2000), British nutritionist
Fiona Wood, (1958–), British-Australian plastic surgeon
Paleoanthropology
Mary Leakey (1913–1996), British paleoanthropologist
Suzanne LeClercq (1901–1994), Belgian paleobotanist and paleontologist
Betty Kellett Nadeau (1906–?), American paleontologist
Physics

Faye Ajzenberg-Selove (1926–2012), American nuclear physicist, (2007 US National Medal of Science)[8]
Betsy Ancker-Johnson (1927–), American plasma physicist
Milla Baldo-Ceolin (1924–2011), Italian particle physicist[9]
Marietta Blau (1894–1970), German experimental particle physicist
Lili Bleeker (1897–1985), Dutch physicist
Katharine Blodgett (1898–1979), American thin-film physicist[10]
Christiane Bonnelle, French spectroscopist[11]
Sonja Ashauer (1923–1948), first Brazilian woman to earn a doctorate in physics
Tatiana Birshtein (born 1928), molecular scientist specializing in the physics of polymers
Margrete Heiberg Bose (1866–1952), Danish physicist (active in Argentina from 1909)
Jenny Rosenthal Bramley (1909–1997), Lithuanian-American physicist,[12][13]
Harriet Brooks (1876–1933), Canadian radiation physicist
A. Catrina Bryce (1956–), Scottish laser scientist
Nina Byers (1930–2014), American physicist[14]
Yvette Cauchois (1908–1999), French physicist[15]
Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat (1923–), French theoretical physicist[16]
Patricia Cladis (1937–), Canadian/American physicist[17]

Esther Conwell (1922–), American physicist, semiconductors[18]
Cécile DeWitt-Morette (1922–), French mathematician and physicist[19]
Louise Dolan, American mathematical physicist, theoretical particle physics and superstring theory
Nancy M. Dowdy (1938–), Nuclear physicist, arms control[20]
Mildred Dresselhaus (1930–), American physicist,  graphite, graphite intercalation compounds, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and low-dimensional thermoelectrics[21]
Helen T. Edwards (1936–), American physicist, Tevatron[22]
Magda Ericson (1929–), French nuclear physicist[23]
Edith Farkas (1921–1993), Hungarian-born New Zealand meteorologist who measured ozone levels[24]
Joan Feynman (1927-) American physicist[25]
Ursula Franklin (1921–), Canadian  metallurgist, research physicist, author and educator
Judy Franz (1938–), American physicist and educator[26]
Joan Maie Freeman (1918–1998), Australian physicist
Phyllis S. Freier (1921–1992), American astrophysicist[27]
Mary K. Gaillard (1939–), American theoretical physicist[28]
Fanny Gates (1872–1931), American physicist[29]
Claire F. Gmachl, American physicist
Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1906–1972), German-American physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics 1963[30]
Gertrude Scharff Goldhaber (1911–1998), American nuclear physicist[31]
Sulamith Goldhaber (1923–1965), American high-energy physicist and molecular spectroscopist[32]
Gail Hanson (1947–), American high-energy physicist[33]
Margrete Heiberg Bose (1866–1952), Danish/Argentine physicist
Evans Hayward (1922–), American physicist[34]
Caroline Herzenberg (1932–), American physicist[35]
Hanna von Hoerner (1942–2014), German astrophysicist
Shirley Jackson (1946–), American nuclear physicist, president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, first African-American woman to earn a doctorate from M.I.T.[36]
Bertha Swirles Jeffreys (1903–1999), British physicist[37]
Lorella M. Jones (1943–1995), American particle physicist 
Carole Jordan (1941–), British solar physicist
Renata Kallosh (1943–), Russian/American theoretical physicist[38]
Berta Karlik (1904–1990), Austrian physicist[39]
Bruria Kaufman (1918–2010)[40]
Elizaveta Karamihailova (1897–1968), Bulgarian nuclear physicist
Marcia Keith (1859–1950)[41]
Ann Kiessling (1942–)
Margaret G. Kivelson (1928–)[42]
Noemie Benczer Koller (1933–)[43]
Ninni Kronberg (1874–1946), Swedish physiologist in nutrition
Doris Kuhlmann-Wilsdorf (1922–2010)[44]
Elizabeth Laird (physicist) (1874–1969)[45]
Juliet Lee-Franzini (1933–2014)[46]
Inge Lehmann (1888–1993), Danish seismologist and geophysicist[47]

Kathleen Lonsdale (1903–1971)[48]
Margaret Eliza Maltby (1860–1944), American physicist[49]
Nina Marković, Croatian physicist and professor
Helen Megaw (1907–2002)[50]
Mileva Maric (1875-1948), Serbian physicist, first wife of Albert Einstein[51]
Lise Meitner (1878–1968), Austrian nuclear physicist (pioneering nuclear physics, discovery of nuclear fission, protactinium, and the Auger effect)
Kirstine Meyer (1861–1941)[52]
Luise Meyer-Schutzmeister (1915–1981)[53]

Anna Nagurney Canadian-born, US operations researcher/management scientist focusing on networks
Chiara Nappi, Italian American physicist
Ann Nelson (1958–), American physicist
Marcia Neugebauer,[54]
Gertrude Neumark (1927–2010)[55]
Ida Tacke Noddack (1896–1979)[56]

Emmy Noether (1882–1935), German mathematician and theoretical physicist (symmetries and conservation laws)

Marguerite Perey (1909–1975)[57]
Melba Phillips (1907–2004)[58]
Agnes Pockels (1862–1935)[59]
Pelageya Polubarinova-Kochina (1899–1999), Russian physicist[60]
Edith Quimby (1891–1982)[61]
Helen Quinn (1943–), American particle physicist[62]
Lisa Randall (1962–), American physicist
Myriam Sarachik (1933–), American physicist[63]
Bice Sechi-Zorn (1928–1984), Italian/American nuclear physicist[64]
Anneke Levelt Sengers (born 1929), Dutch physicist specializing in the critical states of fluids
Johanna Levelt Sengers, Dutch/American physicist[65]
Hertha Sponer (1895–1968), German/American physicist and chemist[66]
Isabelle Stone (1868–1944), American thin-film physicist and educator[67]
Edith Anne Stoney (1869–1938), Anglo-Irish medical physicist
Nina Vedeneyeva (1882-1955), Russian geological physicist[68]
Afërdita Veveçka Priftaj (1948–2017) Albanian physicist[69]
Katharine Way (1903–1995), American nuclear physicist[70]
Mariana Weissmann (born 1933) Argentine physicist,computational physics of condensed matter
Lucy Wilson (1888–1980) American physicist, working on optics and perception
Leona Woods (1919–1986), American nuclear physicist
Chien-Shiung Wu (1912–1997), Chinese-American physicist (nuclear physics, (non) conservation of parity)
Sau Lan Wu, Chinese-American particle physicist[71]
Xide Xie (Hsi-teh Hsieh) (1921–2000), Chinese physicist[72]
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921–2011), American medical physicist (Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine 1977 for radioimmunoassay)
Fumiko Yonezawa (born 1938), Japanese theoretical physicist
Toshiko Yuasa (1909–1980), Japanese nuclear physicist
Psychology
Mary Ainsworth (1913–1999), American-Canadian developmental psychologist, inventor of the "Strange Situation" procedure
Martha E. Bernal (1931–2001), Mexican-American clinical psychologist, first Latina to receive a psychology PhD in the United States
Lera Boroditsky, American psychologist
Ludmilla A.Chistovich (1924–2006) Russian speech scientist
Mamie Clark (1917–1983), African-American psychologist active in the civil rights movement
Helen Flanders Dunbar (1902–1959) important early figure in U.S. psychosomatic medicine[73]
Tsuruko Haraguchi (1886–1915), Japanese psychologist
Margaret Kennard (1899–1975) did pioneering research on age effects on brain damage, which produced early evidence for neuroplasticity
Grace Manson (1893–1967), occupational psychologist
Rosalie Rayner (1898–1935), American psychology researcher[74]
Marianne Simmel (1923–2010), American psychologist, made important contributions in research on social perception and phantom limb.[75]
Davida Teller (1938–2011), American psychologist, known for work on development of the visual system in infants.[76][77]
Nora Volkow (1956-), Mexican-American psychiatrist, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Margo Wilson (1945–2009), Canadian evolutionary psychologist
Catherine G. Wolf (1947–), American psychologist and expert in human-computer interaction
Computer
Donna Michelle Bartolome (1910-), Filipino graphics artist.
See also

Index of women scientists articles
List of female mathematicians
List of female Nobel laureates
Women in computing
Women in engineering
Women in geology
Women in medicine

Notes