Question: When was U.S. Route 101 constructed?

U.S. Route 101




U.S. Route 101, or U.S. Highway 101 (US101) is a north–south United States Numbered Highway that runs through the states of California, Oregon, and Washington, on the West Coast of the United States. It is also known as El Camino Real (The Royal Road) where its route along the southern and central California coast approximates the old trail which linked the Spanish missions, pueblos, and presidios. It merges at some points with California State Route 1 (SR1).
Though US101 remains a major coastal north–south link along the Pacific coast north of San Francisco, it has been replaced in overall importance for transport through the West Coast states by Interstate 5 (I-5), which is more modern in its physical design, goes through more major cities, and has more direct routing due to significantly easier geography over much of the route. US101 is a major parallel route between Los Angeles and San Francisco, and is an alternative to the Interstate for most of its length. In 1964, California truncated US 101's southern terminus in Los Angeles, as I-5 replaced it. The old road is known as County Route S21 (CR S21) or Historic Route 101 in northern San Diego County.
The nearly 1,550-mile-long (2,500km) highway's northern terminus is in Tumwater, Washington: the route remains along the Olympic Peninsula's coastal perimeter west, north, and east; the northernmost point on the highway is in Port Angeles. The southern terminus of US101 is in Los Angeles at the East Los Angeles Interchange, the world's busiest freeway interchange.[2]
Numbering
According to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials's (AASHTO) numbering scheme for United States Numbered Highways, three-digit route numbers are generally subsidiaries of two-digit routes. However, the principal north–south routes were assigned numbers ending in 1. Rather than number the west coast highway US91, and lose four available north–south numbers (93, 95, 97, and 99) which, under the numbering plan, are supposed to be west of US91, or assign the primary west coast highway a "lesser" number (one not ending in 1), AASHTO made an exception to its two-digit rule. Thus, US101 is treated as a primary, two-digit route with a "first digit" of 10, rather than a spur of US1, which is located along the east coast, on the opposite side of the U.S. Thus, US101, not US99, is the westernmost north-south route in the U.S. Highway System.
Route description
US101 is called the Oregon Coast Highway in Oregon, and the Pacific Highway in parts of California. It is also called "The 101" (pronounced "the one oh one") by Southern Californians[3] or simply "101" by residents of Northern California, Oregon, and Washington. From north of San Francisco and continuing almost to Oregon it is also signed as the Redwood Highway though not often spoken of as such outside organizations responsible for tourism marketing. Urban portions of the route in Southern California are named the Santa Ana Freeway,[4] Hollywood Freeway, and Ventura Freeway at various points between East Los Angeles and Carpinteria, California.[5] In 2008, the portion of US101 that runs from the Conejo Grade to the Old Town district of Camarillo was dedicated as the Adolfo Camarillo Memorial Highway to honor the city's namesake and extends through the boundaries of the original Camarillo family ranch.[6] In 2003, the portion of US101 in Ventura County was named Screaming Eagles Highway in honor of the US Army 101st Airborne Division.[7] Urban portions of the route in the Bay Area are called the James Lick Freeway, Bayshore Freeway, and Central Freeway. A portion of the route between Cochrane Road in Morgan Hill and SR85 in San Jose is named the Sig Sanchez Freeway. The section of highway between SR-85 in Mountain View and Embarcadero Road in Palo Alto is officially known as the Frederick E. Terman Highway. Street routings in San Francisco are more commonly referred to by their street names rather than the route number. Portions of the route between Southern California and the Bay Area are named El Camino Real or El Camino Real Freeway, but such names are rarely used colloquially; the route number is used instead. In Northern California the section of US 101 between Sonoma and Marin counties is often referred to as the Novato Narrows because of the reduction from six lanes to four.
California

In Southern California, the highway is a heavily traveled commuter route serving the Northwest portion of the Greater Los Angeles area; this includes Ventura County communities in the West Conejo Valley and in the Oxnard Plain, along with Los Angeles County communities in the East Conejo Valley and San Fernando Valley. The route is the Santa Ana Freeway from East Los Angeles to Downtown Los Angeles. It becomes the Hollywood Freeway north of Downtown Los Angeles through the Cahuenga Pass, before turning west and becoming the Ventura Freeway. Communities along the alignment include Hollywood and the southern edge of the San Fernando Valley, and the cities of Hidden Hills, Calabasas, Agoura Hills, Westlake Village, Thousand Oaks (includes Newbury Park), Camarillo, Oxnard, Ventura, Santa Barbara, Santa Maria, San Luis Obispo and Atascadero.

In Northern California, US101 is the primary coastal route providing motorists access in and out of the San Francisco Bay Area, as well as the primary commuter route between San Francisco and the North Bay. It is one of two major freeway routes connecting the South Bay and Silicon Valley with San Francisco and the North Bay. It serves as a more urban alternative to the rural I-280, as US101 runs through Peninsula cities closer to the Bay, while I-280 runs closer to the Santa Cruz Mountains and Skyline Boulevard. Through northern San Francisco, US101 remains routed on congested city streets due to freeway revolts, leaving the city on the iconic Golden Gate Bridge. It then departs the immediate coast and continues through wine country and Redwood forests until it re-emerges coast-side at Eureka. The route provides access through the extraordinarily rugged and scenic terrain of the North Coast and into vast groves of protected Redwoods in area parks, including Redwood National and State Parks before reaching the Oregon border.
In areas where US101 turns inland, SR1 branches off to serve the coastal communities.
Unlike Washington, California does not sign the long east–west section of US101 between Gaviota and its junction with SR134 and SR170 in North Hollywood as west and east. Instead, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) observes the overall direction of the highway and marks these portions as north and south. Local references to this portion of the freeway, including traffic reports, usually refer to the directions on this section as east for southbound lanes and west for northbound lanes. In the late 1990s, Caltrans began placing guide signs on local streets in the San Fernando Valley adjacent to US101 which identified eastbound and westbound entrances to the freeway. Other than replacing older guide signs which previously referenced the official northbound and southbound designations of the freeway, Caltrans made no other changes to mainline or street signing, and as such, pull-through signs, overhead signs, and freeway entrance signs all still reference north and south instead of east and west.
Oregon

US101 enters Oregon seven miles (11km) south of Brookings, and is seldom out of sight of the Pacific Ocean except the northern end near Astoria and from Port Orford to Florence other than a viewpoint two miles (3.2km) south of Winchester Bay; with another major exception being a significant inland stretch south of Tillamook, Oregon. It crosses the Chetco River at Brookings, the Rogue River in Gold Beach, the Coquille River just north of Bandon, Coos Bay at North Bend via the McCullough Bridge, named after the engineer who designed a series of bridges built on the Oregon Coast in the 1930s, the Umpqua at Reedsport, the Siuslaw in Florence, Yaquina Bay at Newport, and Youngs Bay and the Columbia River at Astoria. The stretch between Florence and Yachats is considered one of the more attractive segments of this highway. There are at least 86 Oregon state parks along the Pacific coast, including the Heceta Head Lighthouse. There are also many scenic bridges along the Oregon Coast that carry US101, such as the Yaquina Bay Bridge in Newport. Because US101 forms the main street of almost all of the coastal towns in Oregon (with the exception of Cannon Beach, Pacific City and a few others), traffic is often congested and slow in the summer months. The highway crosses the mouth of the Columbia River over the four-mile-long (6.4km) Astoria-Megler Bridge at Astoria into Washington, and follows the Columbia downstream to Ilwaco.

Oregon Route 42 (OR42 and OR42S have taken over old portions of US101 around Coquille following a bypass. Reconstructions of US101 in the post-World War II era shortened distances and eliminated the worst narrow curvy sections in various places on the Oregon Coast.
Washington

Entering Washington State at the north end of the Astoria–Megler Bridge west of Megler at the intersection with SR401, US101 follows the northern banks of the Columbia River until Ilwaco.  At this point it turns to the northeast and follows the shore of Willapa Bay and the Willapa River as far as Raymond, from which it proceeds directly north to Aberdeen, offering access from this city into the Olympic National Park. While the AAA has designated this segment north and then east to Port Angeles and Sequim as a scenic byway, some clear-cut logging in the early 1990s has diminished the scenic value of the highway where it crosses the Quinault Indian Reservation and the Olympic National Forest.
In the northwestern part of the peninsula, US101 turns east, and runs along the peninsula's northern edge, parallel to the Strait of Juan de Fuca. In the peninsula's northeast corner an expressway goes through Sequim. East of Sequim, US101 turns southward along the western shore of Hood Canal, leading to Shelton. Upon reaching Shelton, US101 turns into a two-lane bypass that changes to a freeway at the junction of SR3, merging with SR8 and finally ending at I-5 at its "northern" terminus in Tumwater, adjacent to the state capital of Olympia.
Between the intersection with SR113, on the western edge of the Olympic Mountains, US101 is signed east–west, and roughly south of the intersection with SR20, US101 is signed north–south but having turned around 180°. The direct route between the towns of Aberdeen (on the coast) and Olympia is US12 and SR8.
The Washington section of US101 is defined in the Revised Code of Washington §47.17.165.[8]
History

Parts of Historic US101 can still be found in San Diego County between Oceanside and the border with Mexico under a variety of different names. Through Oceanside it is called Coast Highway. In Carlsbad it becomes Carlsbad Boulevard, but to the south in Encinitas it is Coast Highway101. Solana Beach keeps it consistent with Highway101, but Del Mar changes it to Camino Del Mar. All of those together make up CRS21. From there it continues along Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla Village Dr and Gilman Dr to merge with I-5 in La Jolla. On I-5, it breaks away from the freeway to follow Mission Bay Dr (former I-5 bus.) before rejoining I-5. The old US101 routing continues on I-5 in San Diego until Pacific Highway, the old US101 freeway a little west of current I-5. It then continued on Harbor Drive and Broadway through Downtown San Diego and Chula Vista, then onto National City Boulevard in National City. As it returns to San Diego on its way to the Mexican border, it follows Beyer Blvd through Otay Mesa and then through other parts of San Diego near the border on east Beyer Blvd and east San Ysidro Blvd in San Ysidro. The southern parts of I-5 were US101 for a period before I-5 was completed also. All have been decommissioned, but the roadways still exist and are occasionally signed as Historic101.
Most of Historic101 between Gilroy and San Francisco is still active, either signed as Business US101 or as SR82. The US101A bypass, however, is mostly discontinuous and is paralleled by the actual freeway, in some cases serving as an access road to the freeway.
Large parts of the old Business US101 and SR82 surface roads between San Francisco and San Diego are designated El Camino Real (The Royal Road), a designation originally given any thoroughfare under the direct authority of the King of Spain and his viceroys. These portions constitute the first major road in California.
Before the Golden Gate Bridge was completed, US101 was divided in the San Francisco Bay Area. US101W followed the same general right-of-way of today's US101 from San Jose to San Francisco. US101E generally followed the right-of-way taken by today's I-880 from San Jose to Oakland, then across the Carquinez Bridge to follow what is now SR37, joining US101W. Since there was no Golden Gate Bridge yet, US101W used a ferry across the Golden Gate Strait. As today, US101W proceeded up Van Ness, but without any left turn at Lombard, ending at the Hyde Street Pier. From there, motorists would drive onto a ferry boat which would cross the Golden Gate to Sausalito, where they would drive off the ferry directly onto the main street of Sausalito, which was signed for US101 once again.[9]
The US101E designation was removed by the 1940s and became SR17 (later I-880 and I-580) between San Jose and Santa Cruz. As the Bayshore Freeway was built along the east side of the San Francisco peninsula in the early 1950s, old US101 along the El Camino Real was posted as US101 Alternate or US101A, and the freeway was marked US101 Bypass or US101B. In 1964, when California renumbered numerous state highways, El Camino was renumbered SR82 and the Bayshore Freeway lost the bypass designation.
In popular culture


US101 has become internationally renowned over the years in film, popular culture, and song. It is often quoted alongside other legendary roadtrip routes, such as US66, as a recognized symbol of American culture and lifestyle. US101 is one of the courses in the racing game Cruis'n USA. Country music band Highway 101 was founded in Los Angeles, the southern terminus of the road. Their self-titled debut album featured the "101" in a stylized highway marker shield. US101 has inspired numerous songs, including Social Distortion’s “Highway 101”,  Jan and Dean's "Surf Route 101", Albert Hammond Jr.'s "Back to the 101", and a hit single by Herb Alpert, "Route 101", which peaked at number 37. The Cheers recorded one of the first biker songs about "the terror of Highway 101", titled "Black Denim Trousers and Motorcycle Boots".  U.S. 101 is also referenced in the Jackson Browne song "Runnin' on empty".
Phantom Planet's single "California", which was used as the theme song for 2000s hit show The O.C., references the highway with the lyrics Hustlers grab your guns/Your shadow weighs a ton/Driving down the 101. Texas recording artist Nick Lokken released a single for his upcoming album titled "The 101", which led to a partnership with West Coast apparel company Specifically Pacific, whose trademark is The 101. The 1989 live album and documentary 101 by British electronic band Depeche Mode is named in respect to the famous highway. Filmed and recorded while on their American tour for the Music for Masses album, the bands last gig at the Pasadena Rose Bowl in LA was their 101st concert on the road and 101 seemed an appropriate name and tribute to the neighboring highway.
Major intersections
California
I-5 in Los Angeles
I-10 in Los Angeles
I-110 in Los Angeles
I-405 in Los Angeles
I-280 / I-680 in San Jose
I-880 in San Jose
I-380 on the San Bruno–South San Francisco city line
I-280 in San Francisco
I-80 in San Francisco
I-580 in San Rafael
US199 northeast of Crescent City
Oregon
US20 in Newport
US26 northeast of Cannon Beach
US30 in Astoria
Washington
US12 in Aberdeen
I-5 in Tumwater
See also
Special routes of U.S. Route 101
BC Highway 101, a Canadian "extension" of the highway.




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