Question: Rais Wa Nchi ya Urusi wa mwaka  wa 1970 anaitwa nani?

Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Urusi




Kanisa la Kiorthodoksi la Urusi (kwa Kirusi: Ру́сская правосла́вная це́рковь|Rússkaya pravoslávnaya tsérkov) ndilo madhehebu kubwa zaidi ya Ukristo wa Mashariki, likiwa na karibu nusu ya idadi ya Waorthodoksi wote duniani.
Pia ndilo Kanisa lililopatwa na dhuluma ya serikali iliyoua Wakristo wengi zaidi katika historia ya Kanisa.
Mkuu wake ndiye Patriarki wa Moscow na wa Urusi wote (kwa maana ya Russia, Ukraina[1] n.k.). Kwa sasa ni Kirill I.
Mwanzo na uenezi
Mwanzo rasmi wa Kanisa ni ubatizo wa Vladimir Mkuu, mtawala wa Kiev, uliotokea mwaka 988 kwa mikono ya mapadri kutoka Konstantinopoli walioleta mapokeo ya Ugiriki.
Warusi walipozidi kuenea katika Asia Kaskazini hadi Alaska, walieneza pia aina hii ya Ukristo iliyozaa matunda mengi, hasa kwa mchango wa umonaki, kiasi cha kufanya nchi iitwe Urusi Mtakatifu.
Dhuluma ndefu tena kali za Wakomunisti dhidi yake hazikuweza kufuta imani. Utawala wao uliposambaratika (1989), Kanisa lilistawi tena.
Takwimu zilizotolewa tarehe 2 Machi 2011 zinataja majimbo 164, maaskofu 217, parokia 30,675, mapadri 28,934, mashemasi 3,625, monasteri 805 na vyuo vya teolojia 30.[2]
Tanbihi

Marejeo
Billington, James H. The Icon and the Axe: An Interpretative History of Russian Culture (1970)
Bremer, Thomas. Cross and Kremlin: A Brief History of the Orthodox Church in Russia (2013)
Cracraft, James. The Church Reform of Peter the Great (1971)
Ellis, Jane. The Russian Orthodox Church: A Contemporary History (1988)
Freeze, Gregory L. "Handmaiden of the state? The church in Imperial Russia reconsidered." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 36#1 (1985): 82-102.
Freeze, Gregory L. "Subversive piety: Religion and the political crisis in late Imperial Russia." Journal of Modern History (1996): 308-350. 
Freeze, Gregory L. "The Orthodox Church and Serfdom in Prereform Russia." Slavic Review (1989): 361-387. 
Freeze, Gregory L. "Social Mobility and the Russian Parish Clergy in the Eighteenth Century." Slavic Review (1974): 641-662. 
Freeze, Gregory L. The Parish Clergy in Nineteenth-Century Russia: Crisis, Reform, Counter-Reform  (1983)
Freeze, Gregory L. "A case of stunted Anticlericalism: Clergy and Society in Imperial Russia." European History Quarterly 13#.2 (1983): 177-200.
Freeze, Gregory L. Russian Levites: Parish Clergy in the Eighteenth Century (1977)
Garrard, John and Carol Garrard. Russian Orthodoxy Resurgent: Faith and Power in the New Russia (2008)
Gruber, Isaiah. Orthodox Russia in Crisis: Church and Nation in the Time of Troubles (2012); 17th century
Hughes, Lindsey. Russia in the Age of Peter the Great (1998) pp 332-56
Kizenko, Nadieszda. A Prodigal Saint: Father John of Kronstadt and the Russian People (2000) This highly influential holy man lived 1829–1908.
Kozelsky, Mara. Christianizing Crimea: Shaping Sacred Space in the Russian Empire and Beyond (2010).
de Madariaga, Isabel. Russia in the Age of Catherine the Great (1981) pp 111-22
Mrowczynski-Van Allen, Artur, ed. Apology of Culture: Religion and Culture in Russian Thought (2015)
Pipes, Richard. Russia under the Old Regime (2nd ed. 1976) ch 9
Richters, Katja. The Post-Soviet Russian Orthodox Church: Politics, Culture and Greater Russia (2014)
Strickland, John. The Making of Holy Russia: The Orthodox Church and Russian Nationalism Before the Revolution (2013)
Historia
Freeze, Gregory L. "Recent Scholarship on Russian Orthodoxy: A Critique." Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 2#2 (2008): 269-278. 
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