Question: When was the Circuit de la Sarthe built?

Circuit de la Sarthe





The Circuit des 24 Heures du Mans,[1] also known as Circuit de la Sarthe[2] (after the 1906 French Grand Prix triangle circuit) located in Le Mans, Sarthe, France, is a semi-permanent motorsport race course chiefly known as the venue for the 24 Hours of Le Mans auto race. Comprising private, race-specific sections of track in addition to public roads which remain accessible most of the year, its present configuration is 13.626 kilometres (8.467mi) long, making it one of the longest circuits in the world. Capacity of the race stadium, where the short Bugatti Circuit is situated, is 100,000. The Musée des 24 Heures du Mans is a motorsport museum located at the main entrance of the venue.
Up to 85% of the lap time is spent on full throttle, putting immense stress on engine and drivetrain components. Additionally, the times spent reaching maximum speed also mean tremendous wear on the brakes and suspension as cars must slow from over 320km/h (200mph) to around 100km/h (60mph) for the sharp corner at the village of Mulsanne.
Track modifications
The road racing track, which was a triangle from Le Mans down south to Mulsanne, northwest to Arnage, and back north to Le Mans, has undergone many modifications over the years, with CIRCUIT N° 16 being in use since 2018. Even with the modifications put in place over the years, the Sarthe circuit is still known for being very fast, with prototype cars achieving average speeds in excess of 230km/h (140mph).
In the 1920s, the cars drove from the present pits on Rue de Laigné straight into the city, and after a sharp right-hand corner near the river Sarthe Pontlieue bridge (a hairpin permanently removed from the circuit in 1929), before exiting the city again on the rather straight section now named Avenue Georges Durand after the race's founder. Then 17.261 kilometres (10.725mi) long and unpaved, a bypass within the city shortened the track in 1929, but only in 1932 the city was bypassed when the section from the pits via the Dunlop Bridge and the Esses to Tertre Rouge was added. This classic configuration was 8.369 miles (13.469km) long and remained almost unaltered even after the 1955 tragedy. Its frighteningly narrow pit straight was narrowed off to make room for the pits and was part of the road itself, without the road becoming wider just for the pits. The pit straight was about 12 feet (3.7m) wide (the pit straight was widened in 1956) and the race track and pits were not separated for another 15 years. The pit area was modified at a cost of 300 million francs, the signalling area was even moved to the exit of the slow Mulsanne corner, and the track was resurfaced.
Car speeds increased dramatically in the 1960s, pushing the limits of  the "classic circuit" and sparking criticism of the track as being unsafe, after several trials related fatalities occurred. Since 1965, a smaller but permanent Bugatti Circuit was added which shares the pit lane facilities and the first corner (including the famous Dunlop bridge) with the full "Le Mans" circuit. For the 1968 race, the Ford chicane was added before the pits to slow down the cars. The circuit was fitted with Armco for the 1969 race. The "Maison Blanche" kink was particularly harrowing, claiming many cars over the years (including three Ferrari 512 variants) and several lives, including the legendary John Woolfe in 1969 behind the wheel of a 917 Porsche . The circuit was modified ten more times—in 1971 (a year where the prototypes were averaging over 240km/h (150mph), and was also the last year the classic circuit was used).  Armco was added to the pit straight to separate the track from the pits, and in 1972, the last part of the race track was revamped considerably with the addition of the quick Porsche curves bypassing "Maison Blanche" and part of the first straight and all of the second straight between the pits and Maison Blanche. 

In 1979, due to the construction of a new public road, the profile of "Tertre Rouge" had to be changed. This redesign led to a faster double-apex corner and saw the removal of the second Dunlop Bridge. In 1986, construction of a new roundabout at the Mulsanne corner demanded the addition a new portion of track in order to avoid the roundabout. This created a right hand kink prior to Mulsanne corner. In 1987, a chicane was added to the very fast Dunlop curve where cars would go under the Dunlop bridge at 180mph (290km/h), now they would be slowed to 110mph (180km/h).
In 1990, two chicanes were added onto the Mulsanne Straight (explained in more detail below), and in 1994, the Dunlop chicane was tightened. In 2002, the run to the Esses was reconfigured in the wake of renovations to the Bugatti Circuit. The Le Mans circuit was changed between the Dunlop Bridge and Esses, with the straight now becoming a set of fast sweeping turns. This layout allowed for a better transition from the Le Mans circuit to the Bugatti circuit. This layout change would also require the track's infamous carnival to be relocated near the Porsche curves, and in 2006, the ACO redeveloped the area around the Dunlop Curve and Dunlop Chicane, moving the Dunlop Curve in tighter to create more run-off area, while also turning the Dunlop Chicane into a larger set of turns. As part of the development, a new extended pit lane exit was created for the Bugatti Circuit. This second pit exit re-enters the track just beyond the Dunlop Chicane and before the Dunlop Bridge.
Following the fatal crash of Danish driver Allan Simonsen at the 2013 race at the exit of Tertre Rouge into D338, Tertre Rouge was re-profiled again. The radius will be moved in approximately 200m for safety reasons with new tyre barriers at the exit.[3]

Le Mans was most famous for its 6km (3.7mi) long straight, called Ligne Droite des Hunaudières, a part of the route départementale (for the Sarthe département) D338 (formerly Route Nationale N138). As the Hunaudières leads to the village of Mulsanne, it is often called the Mulsanne Straight in English, even though the proper Route du Mulsanne is the one from or to Arnage.
After exiting the Tertre Rouge corner, cars spent almost half of the lap at full throttle, before braking for Mulsanne Corner. The Porsche 917 long tail, used from 1969 to 1971, had reached 362km/h (225mph).[4] After engine size was limited, the top speed dropped until powerful turbo engines were allowed, like in the 1978 Porsche 935 which was clocked at 367km/h (228mph).[5] Speeds on the straight by the Group C prototypes reached over 400km/h (250mph) during the late 1980s. At the beginning of the 1988 24 Hours of Le Mans race, Roger Dorchy driving for Welter Racing in a "Project 400" car, which sacrificed reliability for speed, was clocked by radar travelling at 405 kilometres per hour (252mph). Jean-Louis Lafosse and Jo Gartner would ultimately suffer from fatal high speed in 1981 and 1986, respectively, leading to concerns with the growing speeds on the 3.7 mile straight.
As the combination of high speed and high downforce caused tyre and engine failures, two roughly equally spaced chicanes were consequently added to the straight before the 1990 race to limit the achievable maximum speed.[6] The chicanes were added also because the FIA decreed it would no longer sanction a circuit which had a straight longer than 2 kilometres (1.2mi).,[7] which is roughly the length of the Döttinger Höhe straight at the Nürburgring Nordschleife.
The fastest qualifying lap average speed dropped only from 249.826 to 243.329km/h (155.235 to 151.198mph) in 1992, and it rose up to a record 251.882km/h (156.512mph) in 2017, beating the previous all-time of 250.069 and 251.815km/h (155.386 and 156.471mph) set by the Porsche 917 and 962, respectively. Regarding the lap record in the race itself, 2017 saw the fastest ever, thanks to turbos and hybrid power.

Circuit location between Le Mans and Mulsanne, France

Lap records

















































































































































































YearsRecord yearDistance recordAverage race speedLap record (in race)Driver – carLap record (qualifying)Driver – carCircuit N°1 – 17.262km1923–192819282,669.27km (1,658.607mi)
Bentley111.219km/h (69.108mph)8:07 (127.604km/h (79.289mph))
in 1928H.Birkin
BentleyCircuit N°2 – 16.340km1929–193119313,017.654km (1,875.083mi)
Alfa Romeo125.735km/h (78.128mph)6:48 (144.362km/h (89.702mph))
in 1930H.Birkin
BentleyCircuit N°3 – 13.492km1932–195519554,135.38km (2,569.606mi)
Jaguar D172.308km/h (107.067mph)4:06.6 (196.963km/h (122.387mph))
in 1955M.Hawthorn
Jaguar DCircuit N°4 – 13.461km1956–196719675,232.9km (3,251.573mi)
Ford Mk IV218.038km/h (135.483mph)3:23.6 (238.014km/h (147.895mph))
in 1967M.Andretti & D.Hulme
Ford Mk IV3:24.04 (236.082km/h (146.695mph))
in 1967B.McLaren
Ford Mk IVCircuit N°5 – 13.469km1968–197119715,335.31km (3,315.208mi)
Porsche 917222.304km/h (138.133mph)3:18.4 (244.397km/h (151.861mph))
in 1971J.Oliver
Porsche 9173:13.9 (250.069km/h (155.386mph))
in 1971P. Rodríguez
Porsche 917Circuit N°6 – 13.640km1972–197819785,044.53km (3,134.526mi)
Alpine-Renault A442 B210.189km/h (130.605mph)3:34.2 (229.244km/h (142.446mph))
in 1978J.P.Jabouille
Alpine-Renault A4433:27.6 (236.531km/h (146.974mph))
in 1978J.Ickx
Porsche 936Circuit N°7 – 13.626km1979–198519855,088.51km (3,161.854mi)
Porsche 956212.021km/h (131.744mph)3:25.1 (239.169km/h (148.613mph))
in 1985J.Ickx
Porsche 9623:14.8 (251.815km/h (156.471mph))
in 1985H.Stuck
Porsche 962Circuit N°8 – 13.528km198619864,972.73km (3,089.911mi)
Porsche 962 C207.197km/h (128.746mph)3:23.3 (239.551km/h (148.850mph))
in 1986K.Ludwig
Porsche 9563:15.99 (243.486km/h (151.295mph))
in 1986J.Mass
Porsche 962 CCircuit N°9 – 13.535km1987–198919885,332.79km (3,313.642mi)
Jaguar XJR9221.665km/h (137.736mph)3:21.27 (242.093km/h (150.430mph))
in 1989A.Ferté
Jaguar XJR93:15.04 (249.826km/h (155.235mph))
in 1989J.L.Schlesser
Sauber Mercedes C9Circuit N°10 – 13.600km1990–199619935,100km (3,168.993mi)
Peugeot 905213.358km/h (132.575mph)3:27.47 (235.986km/h (146.635mph))
in 1993E.Irvine
Toyota TS0103:21.209 (243.329km/h (151.198mph))
in 1992Ph.Alliot
Peugeot 905Circuit N°11 – 13.605km1997–200120005,007.98km (3,111.815mi)
Audi R8208.666km/h (129.659mph)3:35.032 (227.771km/h (141.530mph))
in 1999U.Katayama
Toyota GT-One3:29.93 (233.306km/h (144.970mph))
in 1999M.Brundle
Toyota GT-OneCircuit N°12 – 13.650km2002–200520045,169.97km (3,212.470mi)
Audi R8215.415km/h (133.853mph)3:33.483 (230.182km/h (143.028mph))
in 2002T.Kristensen
Audi R83:29.905 (234.106km/h (145.467mph))
in 2002R.Capello
Audi R8Circuit N°13 – 13.650km200620065,187km (3,223.052mi)
Audi R10 TDI215.409km/h (133.849mph)3:31.211 (232.658km/h (144.567mph))
in 2006T.Kristensen
Audi R10 TDI3:30.466 (233.482km/h (145.079mph))
in 2006R.Capello
Audi R10 TDICircuit N°14 – 13.629km2007-201720105,410.71km (3,362.059mi)
Audi R15 TDI plus225.228km/h (139.950mph)3:17.475 (248.459km/h (154.385mph))
in 2015A.Lotterer
Audi R18 e-tron quattro3:14.791 (251.882km/h (156.512mph))
in 2017Kamui Kobayashi
Toyota TS050 HybridCircuit N°15 - 13.626kmSince 20182018
Bugatti Circuit

Bugatti Circuit is a permanent race track located within Circuit des 24 Heures, named after Ettore Bugatti. The circuit uses a part of the larger circuit and a separate, purpose-built section. The sections of track on the Bugatti Circuit that are on the Circuit des 24 Heures include the Ford Chicane at the end of the lap, the pit complex, and the straight where the Dunlop Tyres bridge is located. At this point in the overlapping section of the tracks there is a left right sweep that was added for motorcycle safety in 2002. Vehicles turning to the left continue onto the Circuit des 24 Heures, toward Tertre Rouge and Mulsanne, vehicles turning to the right at La Chapelle will continue the Bugatti Circuit.  The infield section features Garage Vert, a back straight, the 'S' du Garage Bleu, and Raccordement, which joins back at the Ford chicane.
The track was home base for Pescarolo Sport, founded by famous French driver Henri Pescarolo. The circuit also hosts the 24 Hours of Le Mans motorcycle race, and a round of the MotoGP Championship. The circuit also holds French motor club races and in the past has hosted rounds of the International Formula 3000 Championship and DTM (German Touring Car series).
As well as motor racing it is the venue for the , a 24h race on inline skates or quads.
The Bugatti Circuit was used for the 1967 French Grand Prix, though it would prove to be the only time the Formula One World Championship would use the circuit, and is the current host of the French motorcycle Grand Prix. It also forms the final round of the FIA European Truck Racing Championship, and was part of the World Series by Renault and 1988 Superbike World Championship seasons.

An on site map of the circuit
The area before the Dunlop bridge, modified for 2006
The Ford Chicanes
A large portion of the track still consists of Sarthe Route Départementale D338.

Speed record
In 1988, Team WM Peugeot knew they had no chance of winning the 24-hour endurance race, but they also knew that their Welter Racing designed car had very good aerodynamics. Thus they nicknamed their 1988 entry "Project 400" (aiming to be the first car to achieve a speed of 400km/h on the famous straight), although the official team entry was named WM Secateva.
Roger Dorchy and Claude Haldi would be the drivers of car 51 while Pascal Pessiot and Jean-Daniel Raulet would drive the team's other car (#52). The latter lasted only 22 laps, and car 51 went into the pits around 17:00 in the afternoon with engine problems. After spending 3.5 hours in the pits, the team had the car back on the track and they decided to go for it. The plan worked: with Roger Dorchy behind the wheel the WM P87 achieved the speed of 407km/h (253.0mph). The Peugeot retired shortly after that (on lap 59) with an overheating engine. By then it had outlasted two other Group C1 entrants.[8]
Since Peugeot had just launched its new model 405, the team agreed to advertise the new record as "405". This has led to many people mistakenly stating the record as only 405 km/h, but Dorchy's best run down the Mulsanne straight was clocked at 407 km/h.[8]
Race results
The Le Mans race results in Bugatti and La Sarthe circuit.


Sources