Question: Alama ya oksijeni ni ipi?

Elementi za kikemia

Elementi ya Kikemia ni dutu yenye tabia maalumu isiyotenganishwa kuwa dutu tofauti kwa mbinu za Kemia. Elementi tupu ina aina moja ya atomi tu ndani yake.
Dutu na elementi
Kwa mfano maji ni dutu na ndani yake kuna atomi za haidrojeni na za oksijeni. Atomi hizi zinashikana kama molekyuli. Kwa kuongeza nishati inawezekana kutenganisha haidrojeni na oksijeni kuwa dutu mbili tofauti. Kila moja peke yake haina kitu kingine ndani yake kumbe ni elementi.
Inawezekana kupasua hata atomi lakini hii si kazi ya kemia bali ni fizikia.
Elementi asilia na elementi sintetiki
Kwa jumla kuna elementi 116 zinazojulikana katika Kemia zimo katika jedwali la elementi linaloitwa pia "mfumo radidia".
Kati ya hizi 116 ni 90 zinazopatikana kiasili. Nyingine zinatengenezwa katika maabara na hazidumu sana. Hizi elementi sintetiki zinakaa muda fupi za sekunde lakini nyingine zinakaa miaka.
Alama na hali maada
Kila elementi ina alama yake ya kikemia jinsi inavyoonekana katika jedwali la elementi.
Elementi zinatokea kwa hali maada tofauti. Duniani kuna hali za mango, kiowevu na gesi. Penye joto kali kama katika jua kuna pia hali ya utegili (plasma). Mara nyingi elementi zinapatikana katika hali ya kampaundi yaani zikiunganishwa na elementi nyingine.
Orodha ya elementi
Orodha hii inaorodhesha elementi za kikemia katika mfumo radidia kufuatana na herufi za alfabeti.
Orodha ya elementi
Orodha hii inaorodhesha elementi za kikemia katika mfumo radidia kufuatana na herufi za alfabeti.























































































































































































































































Jina la Elementi)Kiingereza (IUPAC)AlamaNamba atomiaUzani atomia
[u]Densiti
[kg/m³] (20°C)Kiwango 
cha kuyeyuka
(°C)Kiwango 
cha kuchemka
(°C)Iligunduliwa
mwakaKutambuliwa naAktiniactiniumAc89227,0310070104731971899DebierneAluminialuminiumAl1326,982700660,524671825ØrstedAmerikiamericiumAm95243,061367099426071944SeaborgStibiantimonySb51121,756690630,71750zamani(?)ArigoniargonAr1839,941,66 -189,4 −189,4 -185,9 −185,91894Ramsay,
 StruttAsenikiarsenicAs3374,925720613 2)6132)11. Jhd.Albertus MagnusAstatiniastatineAt85209,993023371940SegrèBaribariumBa56137,33365072516401808DavyBerkeliberkeliumBk97247,07132509861949SeaborgBeriliberylliumBe49,011850127829701797VauquelinBismuthibismuthBi83208,989800271,415601540AgricolaBoribohriumBh107262,121976OganessianBoroniboriumB510,812460230025501808Davy,
 Gay-LussacBromibromineBr
3579,903140 -007,3−7,358,81826BalardKadimicadmiumCd48112,4186403217651817Stromeyer und 
 HermannSizicesiumCs55132,91190028,46901860Kirchhoff, 
 BunsenKalisicalciumCa2040,078154083914871808DavyKalifonicaliforniumCf98251,08151009001950SeaborgSericeriumCe58140,11677079832571803von Hisinger, BerzeliusKlorinichlorineCl1735,452,95 -101−101 -034,6 −34,61774ScheeleKromichromiumCr2452,007140185724821797VauquelinKobalticobaltCo2758,9338890149528701735BrandtKuricuriumCm96247,0713510134031101944SeaborgDarmstatidarmstadtiumDs1102691994GSIDubnidubniumDb105262,111967/70GhiorsoDisprosiDisprosiDy66162,58560140923351886Lecoq de BoisbaudranEinsteinieinsteiniumEs99252,088601952SeaborgFeri (chuma) (chuma)ironFe2655,85787015352750zamani(?)ErbierbiumEr68167,269050152225101842MosanderEuropieuropiumEu63151,96525082215971901DemarçayFermifermiumFm100257,101952SeaborgFloriniflourineF919,001,58 -219,6−219,6 -188,1 −188,11886MoissanFransifranciumFr87223,02276771939PereyGadolinigaboliniumGd64157,257890131132331880de MarignacGaligalliumGa3169,72591029,824031875Lecoq de BoisbaudranGermanigermaniumGe3272,615320937,428301886WinklerAuri (dhahabu)goldAu79196,97193201064,42940zamani(?)HafniHf72178,4913310215054001923Coster, 
 de HevesyHassiHs108265,001984GSIHeliHe24,000,170 -272,2−272,2 -268,9 −268,91895Ramsay,
 CrookesHolmi ?holmiumHo67164,938780147027201878SoretHidrojenihydrogenH11,010,084 -259,1 −259,1 -252,9 −252,91766CavendishIndiindiumIn49114,827310156,220801863Reich,
 RichterIodiniiodineI53126,904940113,5184,41811CourtoisIridiiridiumIr77192,2222560241041301803TennantKalipotassiumK1939,09886063,77741807DavyKabonicarbonC612,011351035504827zamani(?)KriptonikryptonKr3683,803,48 -156,6−156,6 -152,3−152,31898Ramsay,
 TraversKupricopperCu2963,5589201083,52595zamani(?)LanthaniLa57138,90616092034541839MosanderLawirensilawrenciumLr103260,1016271961GhiorsoLithiLi36,94530180,513171817ArfwedsonLutetiLu71175,009840165633151907von Welsbach,
 UrbainMagnesiMg1224,301740648,811071828BussyManganisiMn2554,907440124420971774GahnMaitnirimeitneriumMt1092661982GSIMendelevimedeleviumMd101258,11955SeaborgMolibdenimolybdenumMo4295,9410280261755601778ScheeleNatrisodiumNa1122,9997097,88921807DavyNeodimineodynNd60144,247000101031271895von WelsbachNeonineonNe1020,180,84 -248,7 −248,7 -246,1 −246,11898Ramsay
 TraversNeptunineptuniumNp93237,052048064039021940McMillan
 AbelsonNikelinickelNi2858,698910145327321751CronstedtNiobiniobiumNb4192,918580246849271801HatchetNitrojeninitrogenN714,011,170 -209,9 −209,9 -195,8 −195,81771ScheeleNobelinobeliumNo102259,101958SeaborgOsmiosmiumOs76190,222590304550271803TennantPaladipalladiumPd46106,4212020155231401803WollastonPlumbileadPb82207,211340327,51740zamani(?)PosforiphosphorusP1530,971820442801669BrandPlatiniplatiniumPt78195,0821450177238271557ScaligerPlutoniplutoniumPu94244,061974064133271940SeaborgPolonipoloniumPo84208,9892002549621898Marie CuriePraseodimipraseodymiumPr59140,91648093132121895von WelsbachPromethipromethiumPm61146,927220108027301945MarinskyProtaktiniprotactiniumPa91231,0415370155440301917Fajans
 Hahn,
 MeitnerHidrajirimercuryHg80200,5913550 -038,9 −38,9356,6zamani(?)Radi (elementi)radiumRa88226,03550070011401898Marie und
 Pierre CurieRadoniradonRn86222,029,23 -071 −71 -061,8 −61,81900DornRenirheniumRe75186,2121030318056271925Noddack,
 Tacke,
 BergRodirhodiumRh45102,9112410196637271803WollastonRentgeniRg1112721994GSIRubidiRb3785,451530396881861Bunsen,
 KirchhoffRutheniRu44101,0712450231039001844ClausRutherfordiRf104261,111964/69GhiorsoSamariSm62150,367540107217781879Lecoq de BoisbaudranOksijenioxygenO816,001,33 -218,4 −218,4 -182,9 −182,91774Priestley,
 ScheeleSkandiscandiumSc2144,962990153928321879NilsonSulfurisulfurS1632,072060113444,7zamani(?)SiborgiseaborgiumSg106263,121974OganessianSeleniSe3478,9648202176851817BerzeliusAgentisilverAg47107,8710490961,92212zamani(?)SilikonisiliconSi1428,092330141023551824BerzeliusStanitinSn50118,7172902322270zamani(?)StrontistrontiumSr3887,62263076913841798KlaprothTantalitantalumTa73180,9516680299654251802EkebergTekinetitechnetiumTc4398,9111490217250301937SegrèTelurotelluriumTe52127,66250449,69901782von ReichensteinTaribiterbiumTb65158,938250136030411843MosanderTalithalliumTl81204,3811850303,614571861CrookesThorithoriumTh90232,0411720175047871829BerzeliusThulithuliumTm69168,939320154517271879CleveTitanititaniumTi2247,884510166032601791Gregor,
 KlaprothUnunbiununbiumUub1122771996GSIUnunheksiununhexiumUuh1162892000JINRUnunoktiununoctiumUuo1182932006JINRUnunpentiununpentiumUup1152882006JINRUnunkadiununquadiumUuq1142891999JINRUnuntriununtriumUut1132872006JINRUraniuraniumU92238,03189701132,438181789KlaprothVanadivanadiumV2350,946090189033801801del RíoWolframitungstenW74183,8519260340759271783Fausto und Juan
 de ElhuyarYitebiytterbiumYb70173,04697082411931878de MarignacYitriyttriumY3988,914470152333371794GadolinZinkizincZn3065,397140419,6907zamani(?)ZenonixenonXe54131,294,49 -111,9 −111,9 -107,0 −1071898Ramsay, 
 TraversZirikonizirconiumZr4091,226510185243771789Klaproth
Tazama pia
Mfumo radidia


Jamii:Kemia