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City of London Police





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The City of London Police is the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement within the City of London, including the Middle and Inner Temples. The force responsible for law enforcement within the remainder of Greater London, outside the City, is the much larger Metropolitan Police Service, a separate organisation. The City of London, which is now primarily a financial business district with a small resident population but a large commuting workforce, is the historic core of London, and has an administrative history distinct from that of the rest of the metropolis, of which its separate police force is one manifestation.
The City of London area has a resident population of around 9,000[2].  However, there is also a daily influx of approximately 400,000 commuters into the City, along with thousands of tourists.[3]
The police authority is the Common Council of the City, and unlike other territorial forces in England and Wales there is not a police and crime commissioner replacing that police authority by way of the Police Reform and Social Responsibility Act 2011,[4] but like a police and crime commissioner, the Common Council is elected.
As of September 2017 the force had a workforce of 1,178, including 676 full-time police officers, 75 special constables, 9 police community support officers, 10 designated officers and 408 support staff.[5] The headquarters is located at Wood Street and there are two additional stations at Snow Hill, and Bishopsgate. The City of London Police is the smallest territorial police force in England and Wales, both in terms of geographic area and head-count.[6] The Commissioner since January 2016 is Ian Dyson, QPM, who was formerly the force's Assistant Commissioner.
History of policing in the City of London
Policing in the City of London has existed since Roman times. Wood Street police station, also headquarters of the City Police, is built on part of the site of a Roman fortress.[7]
Prior to 1839, the responsibility for policing in the City was divided, from the medieval period, between day and night City Watch, primarily under the two sheriffs. Responsibilities were shared with the aldermen's officers – the ward beadles – who are now purely ceremonial. It was these officers' responsibility for ensuring the Night Watch was maintained. Policing during the day eventually came under the City Patrol, which evolved into the City Day Police, which was modelled on the Metropolitan Police. In 1838, the Day Police and Night Watch were merged into a single organisation. The passing of the City of London Police Act 1839 gave statutory approval to the force as an independent police body, heading off attempts made to merge it with the Metropolitan Police.[8]
During 1842, the City Police moved its headquarters from Corporation's Guildhall to 26 Old Jewry, where it remained until it was relocated to Wood Street in 2002.[7]
Knowledge
A main challenge of policing in London prior to the 18th century was both gathering and transferring accurate information.  Data accumulated each time an offender appeared in court, sometimes as a new suspect, but often they were repeat offenders labelled as "ancient", "common", "known", "notorious", or "old" offenders. Records were brought to court and often transferred between authorities, with one example being from the Guildhall bookhouse to Bridewell. The records were closely screened and had to otherwise remain in buildings like Guildhall bookhouse, to ensure the accuracy of the information being held. Aside from these formal records, information also travelled between officials through word of mouth. This type of circulation of knowledge occurred between marshals, beadles, warders, and other officers, and many Londoners could be identified by these individuals through local knowledge of their crimes – "a very lewd thief" or "daungerous person" are some common descriptions.  Constables were also an important part of police knowledge.  Within courtrooms, constables provided valuable information on specific criminals or neighbourhoods. Even so, many cases counted on the reliability of individuals with knowledge in London.  Development of sophisticated investigative techniques would come later.[9]
Tracking the total number of Londoners also fell under pre-Victorian London policing duties.  Beadles kept the names and surnames of householders in an effort to track this total.  This allowed police to understand more about which areas of London were growing, the number of aliens in particular areas, and other valuable demographic information.[9]
Organisation
The City Police is organised into five Basic Command Units:[10]
Economic Crime Directorate
Crime Directorate
Uniformed Policing Directorate
Information and Intelligence Directorate
Corporate Services Directorate
Because of the City's role as a world financial centre, the City of London Police has developed a great deal of expertise in dealing with fraud and "is the acknowledged lead force within the UK for economic crime investigation."[11] The Economic Crime Directorate includes:
Dedicated Cheque and Plastic Crime Unit (DCPCU)[12]
Overseas anti-corruption Unit (OACU)[13] However, the OACU was planned to dissolve in 2015 as its responsibilities passed to the NCA.
Insurance Fraud Department (IFED)[14]
National Fraud Intelligence Bureau (NFIB) and Action Fraud
Police Intellectual Property Crime Unit (PIPCU)
Economic Crime Academy (ECA) responsible for delivering counter fraud and economic crime training both nationally and internationally 
Leadership structure
Commissioner Ian Dyson, QPM
Assistant Commissioner Alistair Sutherland
Temporary Commander Jayne Gyford (Operations & Security)
Temporary Commander David Clark (National Coordinator for Economic Crime)
Chief Superintendent David Lawes (Uniformed Policing Directorate)
Temporary Detective Chief Superintendent David Evans (Intelligence and Information Directorate)
Temporary Detective Chief Superintendent Glenn Maleary (Economic Crime Directorate)
Temporary Detective Chief Superintendent Peter O'Doherty (Crime Investigation Directorate)
Uniform

Where the majority of British police forces have white metal badges and buttons, those of the City Police are brass. The force also have a unique red and white chequered sleeve and cap bands (red and white being the colours of the City of London), which in most other British police forces are black and white. Women officers wear a red and white cravat.[15]
Their helmet has altered little since its introduction in 1865 and has a crest instead of the white metal boss worn on the Metropolitan Police helmet. The "helmet plate" or badge is the City of London coat of arms; this is unusual for a police force in England and Wales in that it does not include the St Edward's Crown, neither does it have the Brunswick Star, which is used on most other police helmets in England and Wales.[16]
On State and ceremonial occasions the Commissioner and his deputy wear a special Court Dress Uniform with a gold aiguillette and a cocked hat adorned with white swan's feathers; other than on these occasions, they wear standard uniform.[17]
Equipment
Like other British police forces, City of London police officers are not routinely armed. The force has a small pool of AFOs to deal with firearms incidents in the city.
However, all (except PCSOs) officers are equipped with Hiatt Speedcuffs, ASP batons and CS incapacitant spray. Many officers are also equipped with the TASERX26 electroshock weapon.
Warrant card
The City of London Police warrant card badge[18] is the city shield enamelled in red and white. The City motto Domine Dirige Nos (Lord Guide Us) in gold on a black scroll above the words "City of London Police". Two Tudor dragons surround the shield. These are a reference to the heraldic supporters of the City's arms. The warrant number is printed below and the word "police" is written beneath that in braille (at the suggestion of blind former Home Secretary David Blunkett).
Ranks
The ranks from constable to chief superintendent are the same as all other British police forces. The three senior ranks are similar to those used by the Metropolitan Police.

Constables and Sergeants display collar numbers on their rank badges (in the range 1 to 150 for Sergeants and 151 to 999 for Constables). Officers between the ranks of Inspector and Chief Superintendent (who do not have collar numbers) display their warrant numbers instead.
Commissioners

Daniel Whittle Harvey (1839–1863)
Colonel Sir James Fraser, KCB (1863–1890)
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Henry Smith, KCB (1890–1902)
Captain Sir William Nott-Bower, KCVO (1902–1925)
Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Hugh Turnbull, KCVO, KBE, KPM (1925–1950)
Colonel Sir Arthur Young, KBE, CMG, CVO, KPM (1950–1971)
James Page, QPM (1971–1977)
Peter Marshall, QPM (1977–1985)
Owen Kelly, QPM (1985–1994)
William Taylor, QPM (1994–1998)
Perry Nove, QPM (1998–2002)
James Hart, QPM (2002–2006)
Michael Bowron, QPM (2006–2011)[19]
Adrian Leppard, QPM (2011–2015)
Ian Dyson, QPM (2016–present)
Special Constabulary
The City of London Special Constabulary (CLSC) comprises 62 special constables.
The majority are attached to the Uniformed Policing Directorate (led by a Special Superintendent, who forms part of that directorate's management team, assisted by a Special Chief Inspector and a number of Special Inspectors and Special Sergeants), and undertake duties during evenings and nights in support of the regular force in dealing with issues arising from the busy night-time economy of the City. However, other officers perform more specialist roles in the force's other directorates, including fraud investigation in the Economic Crime Directorate and control room operation in the Intelligence and Information Directorate. Many officers have specialist training (which is often more readily available to special constables than in other forces) and perform duties as response drivers, "Level 2" public order officers and cycle officers.
As in all forces, special constables are expected to commit to a minimum of 200 hours' duty each year, and in return receive out-of-pocket expenses and free travel on the Transport for London network. They receive no pay.

Officers switched to regular rank titles in 2006 (having previously used distinct titles such as "Section Officer" and "Divisional Officer"), and to regular rank insignia in 2013. The CLSC is led by the Chief Officer (currently Special Commander James Phipson), three Special Superintendents, two Special Chief Inspectors, five Special Inspectors and a number of Special Sergeants. The previous Chief Officer, Special Commander Ian Miller, MBE, remains a warranted officer but on secondment to the College of Policing.
Uniform and equipment is identical to that of regular (full-time) police officers. Officers of the Honourable Artillery Company Detachment of Special Constabulary (which forms part of the CLSC) wear the title "HAC" when in formal uniform.[20] Special Constables have four-digit collar numbers beginning 11 or 12, and Special Sergeants have four-digit collar numbers beginning 10.
The CLSC were awarded the Ferrers Trophy in 2006 for the efforts of their officers after the 7 July 2005 London bombings. The award is given annually to police volunteers, for exceptional dedication and innovation. It was the first time in the award's history that an entire Special Constabulary received the trophy.
Vehicles

The City of London Police has a fleet of vehicles including response cars, four-wheel-drive traffic vehicles, motorcycles, public order carriers, a horsebox (Scania P270), dog section vehicles and cage vans.
It has no independent marine capacity, and so relies on the Metropolitan Police Marine Policing Unit when its operational needs require such capacity.
Like all other forces in England and Wales, it relies on the National Police Air Service for its airborne capacity.
Officers killed in the line of duty

The Police Roll of Honour Trust[21] lists and commemorates all British police officers killed in the line of duty. The Police Memorial Trust since its establishment in 1984 has erected over 38 memorials to some of those officers.
Since 1900 the following officers of the City of London Police were killed while attempting to prevent or stop a crime in progress:[22]
Sgt Robert Bentley, PC Walter Choat and Sgt Charles Tucker, 1910 (all fatally shot prior to the Siege of Sidney Street).
Cmdr Hugh Moore QPM, 1993 (suffered heart failure following a violent arrest).
Olympics

Teams of the City of London Police participated in the Olympic games three times in the tug of war tournament. At the 1908 Summer Olympics they won the gold medal, beating a team of the Liverpool Police in the final. In 1912 the team was beaten in the final by one of the Stockholm Police. At the 1920 Summer Olympics the team regained its title, beating the Netherlands. This was the last time tug of war was an Olympic sport, which means the City of London Police is still the reigning Olympic champion.[23][24]
Museum
The City of London Police Museum is dedicated to the police force and its story of policing.[25] Exhibits include uniforms, Victorian-era police equipment and artefacts, communication devices, World War II displays, and exhibits about Jack the Ripper and other famous murder cases.
The museum relocated in November 2016 to the space formerly used by the Clockmakers' Museum, next to the Guildhall Library.[26] The new museum was funded by a Heritage Lottery Fund grant.[27]
See also
City of London market constabularies
Fraud Squad
Honourable Artillery Company
Law enforcement in the United Kingdom
Project Griffin
List of police forces in the United Kingdom



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