Question: How many ethnicity live in China?

List of ethnic groups in China

Multiple ethnic groups populate China, where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal names, the People's Republic of China (China) and Republic of China (Taiwan).
The typical use of the English phrase Chinese people generally refers to the Han 漢 people, also known as Han Chinese; they are the largest ethnic group in mainland China, where (as of 2010) some 91.51%[1] of the population was classified as Han (~1.2 billion). Han is the name the Chinese have used for themselves since the Han Dynasty BC 202, whereas the name "Chinese" (used in the West) is of uncertain origin, but possibly derives ultimately from Sanskrit Cina-s "the Chinese," which in turn perhaps comes from the Qin dynasty which preceded the Han dynasty. Besides the Han-Chinese majority of 92%, 55 other ethnic (minority) groups are categorized in present China, numbering approximately 105 million people (8%), mostly concentrated in the bordering northwest, north, northeast, south, and southwest but with some in central interior areas.
The major minority ethnic groups in China are Zhuang (16.9 million), Hui (10.5 million), Manchu (10.3 million), Uyghur (10 million), Miao (9.4 million), Yi (8.7 million), Tujia (8.3 million), Tibetan (6.2 million), Mongol (5.9 million), Dong (2.8 million), Buyei (2.8 million), Yao (2.7 million), Bai (1.9 million), Korean (1.8 million), Hani (1.6 million), Li (1.4 million), Kazakh (1.4 million), and Dai (1.2 million).[2]
Ethnic groups recognized by the People's Republic of China

Here are the 56 ethnic groups (listed by population) officially recognized by the People's Republic of China (39 in 1954; 54 by 1964; with the addition of the Jino people in 1979).[3]

AGB 3304－91 "Names of ethnicities of China in romanization with codes";[4]

BThe population only includes mainland China and Taiwan;

CFor ethnic groups officially recognised in 1964 or earlier, this is the year of first inclusion in the national census, which were in 1954[5] and 1964;[6]

1Also included are the Chuanqing;

2Also includes Utsuls of Hainan, descended from Cham refugees;

3A subset of which is also known as Hmong;

4including Amdowa and Khampa, as well as roughly half of Pumi speakers, the remainder of whom are classified as a separate Pumi ethnicity;

5Also known as Kam;

6Also included are the Sangkong;

7This category includes several different Tai-speaking groups historically referred to as Bai-yi;

8Also included are the Mosuo;

9Also included are the Qago (木佬人);

10Known as Kachin in Myanmar;

11Also included are the Then;

12Actually not Tajik people but Pamiri people;

13The same group as Vietnamese or Kinh people in Sino-Vietnamese;

14Known as Palaung in Myanmar;

15The same group as Nanai on the Russian side of the border;

16A collective name for all Taiwanese aborigine groups in Taiwan.
Taiwanese aborigines


The People's Republic of China government officially refers to all Taiwanese aborigines (Chinese:原住民族; pinyin:Yuánzhùmínzú),  as Gaoshan (Chinese:高山族; pinyin:Gāoshānzú), whereas the Republic of China (Taiwan) recognizes 16 groups of Taiwanese aborigines. The term Gaoshan has a different connotation in Taiwan than it does in mainland China. While several thousands of these aborigines have migrated to Fujian province in mainland China, most remain in Taiwan.[7] Due to the contested political status and legal status of Taiwan, the PRC classification of Taiwanese aborigines may be controversial.
Taiwanese Han "blood nationalists" have in the past claimed that they have Plains Aboriginal (Chinese:平埔族; pinyin:Píngpuzú), ancestry in order to promote Taiwan independence, claiming an identity different from that of mainland Chinese. However, genetic tests showed differences between them and plains aborigines, and given that they usually were recent migrants, their claims were rejected by descendants of Taiwanese Plains Aborigines.[8]
"Undistinguished" ethnic minority groups


This is a list of ethnic groups in China that are not officially recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China.
Äynu people (艾努人 Àinǔ rén)
Gejia (家人 Gèjiā rén)
Bajia (八甲人 Bājiǎ rén)
Deng (僜人 Dèng rén)
Hu (户人 Hù rén) or Angku
Khmu (克木人 Kèmù rén)
Kucong (Yellow Lahu / Lahu Shi; 苦聪人 / 苦聰人 Kǔcōng rén)
Mang (芒人 Máng rén)
Sherpas (夏尔巴人 / 夏爾巴人 Xià'ěrbā rén)
Tankas (疍家人 / 蜑家人 Dànjiā rén) including Fuzhou Tanka
Tebbu people (迭部人 Diébù rén)
Tuvans (图瓦人 Túwǎ rén)
Waxiang (瓦乡人 Wǎxiāng rén)
Jews (犹太人 / 猶太人 Yóutài rén) (Jewish people of China and Jews in general)
Yamatos (大和民族 Dàhé mínzú) and Ryukyuans (琉球民族 Liúqiú mínzú) living as permanent residents in Taiwan and Northeast China
Macanese (土生葡人 Tǔshēng pú rén), mixed race Catholic Portuguese speakers who lived in Macau since 16th century of various ethnic origins
Utsuls (回辉人 Huíhuī rén), descendants of Cham Muslims who fled Vietnamese invasions of Champa
During the Fifth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (2000), 734,438 persons in the Chinese mainland, 97% of them in Guizhou, were specifically recorded as belonging to "Undistinguished ethnic groups".[9] Presumably, other members of such groups may have been counted within larger "recognized" groups.
Ethnic groups in Hong Kong and Macau

Hong Kong and Macau are special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China. The governments of Hong Kong and Macau do not use the official PRC ethnic classification system, nor does the PRC's official classification system take ethnic groups in Hong Kong and Macau into account. As a result, minority groups such as Europeans (mainly English), and South or Southeast Asians (mainly Filipinos, Indians, Indonesians, Nepalese, and Pakistanis) live in Hong Kong.
Gallery

Han
Zhuang
Manchu
Hui
Miao
Uyghurs
Tujia
Yi
Mongol

See also

Affirmative action in China
Demographics of China
Demographics of Taiwan
Taiwanese people
Ethnic minorities in China
Han Chinese subgroups
Hua–Yi distinction
Languages of China
List of endangered languages in China
Tai–Kadai ethnic groups in China
Taiwanese aborigines
Unrecognized ethnic groups in China
Zhonghua minzu




 - collection of articles from the People's Daily