Question: లార్డ్స్ క్రికెట్ స్టేడియాన్ని ఎప్పుడు నిర్మించారు?

లార్డ్స్ క్రికెట్ స్టేడియం


లార్డ్స్ క్రికెట్ స్టేడియం సెయింట్. జాన్స్ వుడ్, లండన్లో గల ఒక ప్రముఖ క్రికెట్ స్టేడియం. స్టేడియం వ్యవస్థాపకులు థామస్ లార్డ్స్ పేరు మీదుగా ఇది ఉంది.

Lord's Cricket Ground (generally known as Lord's) is a cricket venue in St John's Wood, London. Named after its founder, Thomas Lord, it is owned by Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and is the home of Middlesex County Cricket Club, the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB), the European Cricket Council (ECC); and until August 2005, the International Cricket Council (ICC). Lord's is often referred to as 'The Home of Cricket'.
Lord's today is not on its original site, being the third of three grounds that Lord established between 1787 and 1814. His first ground, now referred to as Lord's Old Ground, was where Dorset Square now stands. His second ground, Lord's Middle Ground, was used from 1811 to 1813 before being abandoned due to the construction through its outfield of the Regent's Canal. The present Lord's ground is about 250 yards north-west of the Middle Ground.
Lord's is home to the oldest sporting museum in the world.[1]
చరిత్ర
The earliest known match played on Lord's Cricket Ground was Marylebone Cricket Club v Hertfordshire on June 22, 1814.
The first regular cricket fixture at Lord's (i.e., one that continues to this day) is the annual Eton v. Harrow match which was first played on the Old Ground in 1805, and on the present Lord's Cricket Ground in July 1818.
మైదానము
స్టాండ్స్

లార్డ్స్ లో ప్రస్తుత స్టాండ్స్ ఇలా ఉన్నాయి (గడియారపు పద్ధతి):
థ పెవీలీయన్
వార్నర్ స్టాండ్
గ్రాండ్ స్టాండ్
కాంప్టన్ స్టాండ్
మీడియా సెంటర్
ఎద్రిచ్ స్టాండ్
మౌండ్ స్టాండ్
టావర్న్ స్టాండ్
ఎల్లన్ స్టాండ్
లార్డ్స్ క్రికెట్టు మైదానము చాలా మటుకు 20వ శతాబ్దపు రెండవ భాగములో కట్టారు. 1987 లో థ న్యు మౌండ్ స్టాండ్ ని తెరిచారు. దీని రూపకర్త సర్ మైఖల్ హాప్కిన్స్. తరువాత 1994 లో గ్రాండ్ స్టాండ్ (నిఖోలస్ గ్రిమ్షా, 1998-9 లో మీడియా సెంటర్ (ఫ్యూచర్ సిస్టమ్స్) తెరిచారు. మీడియా సెంటర్ 1999 లో థ రాయల్ ఇంస్టిట్యూట్ ఆఫ్ బ్రిటీష్ ఆర్కిటెక్ట్స్ స్టిర్లింగ్ ప్రయిజు గెలుచుకొంది.
The ground can currently hold up to 32,000 spectators. However, a major redevelopment has been proposed, which would increase capacity by another 10,000 as well as adding apartments and an ice rink.
The two ends of the pitch are the Pavilion End (south-west), where the main members' Pavilion is located, and the Nursery End (north-east), dominated by the Media Centre.
పెవీలీయన్

The main survivor of the Victorian era is The Pavilion with its famous Long Room; this was built in 1889-90 to the designs of architect Thomas Verity. Recently, this historic landmark - a Grade II*-listed building - underwent an £8 million refurbishment programme in 2004-05. The pavilion is primarily for members of MCC who may use its amenities including seats for viewing the cricket, the Long Room and other facilities such as the Long Room Bar, the Bowlers Bar, a members shop etc. For Middlesex matches the Pavilion is open to members of the Middlesex County Club. The Pavilion also contains the dressing rooms where players change, each of which has a small balcony for players to watch the play. In each of the two main dressing rooms are honours boards which commemorate all the centuries scored in Test matches on the Lord’s ground and all instances of a bowlers taking five wickets in an innings and ten wickets in a match.
గ్రాండ్ స్టాండ్

Another highly visible feature of the ground is the weather vane in the shape of Father Time, currently adorning a stand on the south-east side of the field. Sir Herbert Baker presented Lord's with the weather vane in 1926. It adorned the north-western stand until it was replaced by the new main Grand Stand in 1996.
మీడియా సెంటర్

The Media Centre was commissioned in time for the 1999 Cricket World Cup and was the first all aluminium, semi-monocoque building in the world. It was built and fitted-out in two boatyards and utilises boat-building technology. The centre stands 15 yards above the ground and its sole support comes from the structure around its two lift shafts – it is approximately the same height as the Pavilion directly opposite it on the other side of the ground. The lower tier of the centre provides accommodation for over 100 journalists and the top tier has radio and television commentary boxes. The centre’s only window is in the broadcasting box used by Test Match Special. The Building was awarded the RIBA Stirling Prize for architecture in 1999. The centre was originally sponsored by NatWest and is now sponsored by Investec.
టావర్న్ స్టాండ్

The Lord's Taverners, a charitable group comprising cricketers and cricket-lovers, take their name from the old Tavern pub at Lord's, where the organisation's founders used to congregate. The pub no longer exists, and the Tavern Stand now stands on its former site. However, a new pub is open in the grounds with the same name as well as the Members Bar, in the Pavilion.
ఫీల్డ్

One of the most distinctive and famous features of the Lord's ground is the significant slope across the field. The north-west side of the playing surface is some eight feet higher than the south-east side. This slope causes appreciable deviation in bounce of the ball on the pitch, making it easier to move the ball in to right-handed batsmen when bowling from the Pavilion End, and easier to move it away when bowling from the Nursery End.
The outfield was notorious for becoming waterlogged and under the chairmanship of the Estates Committee by Maurice de Rohan the whole outfield was relaid over the winter of 2002-2003. The investment (some £2m) was almost immediately repaid by reducing the need to make ticket refunds in rain-affected matches.
గ్రేస్ గేట్లు
One of the features of the ground is the pair of ornamental gates, named in honour of WG Grace.
In 1923, the W G Grace Memorial Gates were erected at the St John's Wood Road entrance to the ground.[2] They were designed by Sir Herbert Baker and the opening ceremony was performed by Sir Stanley Jackson, who had suggested the inclusion of the words The Great Cricketer in the dedication.[3]
ఫ్లడ్ లైట్టులు
 Temporary floodlights were installed at the ground in 2007 but were eventually taken down in 2008 due to complaints of light pollution from residents of St. John's Wood. In January of 2009, the Westminster Council gave permission to use the newly installed floodlights. These new lights were especially designed for the ground in order to prevent as much light spillage in people's homes as possible. Though Westminster Council's permission was not without condition. The lights will be allowed for a five year trial period during which up to 12 matches and 4 practice matches can be played under the lights from April to September. The lights must be dimmed to half-strength at 9.50pm and be switched off by 11pm. The floodlights were first used successfully on May 27th of 2009 during the Twenty20 Cup match between Middlesex and Kent.[4]
క్రికెట్టు వాడకం
 Lord's hosts Test matches, One-day Internationals, Middlesex home matches, MCC matches and (starting with a fixture between Middlesex and Surrey in July 2004) some of Middlesex's home Twenty20 games.
Lord's typically hosts two Tests every summer - including the first Test of the summer - plus two one-day internationals.
Lord's also plays host to the finals of the National Village Cricket Competition, the MCC Universities Challenge tournament and The Friends Provident Trophy. Furthermore, two matches in the Twenty20 Cup, but not the competition's finals day, are played at Lord's each season.
The oldest permanent fixture at Lord's (indeed the world) is the annual Eton versus Harrow match which began in 1805 (Lord Byron played in the 1805 Harrow XI) and celebrated its bicentennial in 2005. The match is always fiercely contested. Since 2000 it has been 55 overs per side, but before that it was declaration and before that it was 2 innings per side over 2 days. Eton has the balance of wins, but the victor in the bicentenary year was Harrow.
థ ఎమ్ సీ సీ మ్యూజియం

Lord's is the home of the MCC Museum, which is the oldest sports museum in the world, and contains the world's most celebrated collection of cricket memorabilia, including The Ashes. 
MCC has been collecting memorabilia since 1864. The items on display include cricket kit used by the likes of Victor Trumper, Jack Hobbs, Don Bradman and Shane Warne, many items related to the career of W.G. Grace; and curiosities such as the stuffed sparrow that was 'bowled out' by Jahangir Khan of Cambridge University in delivering a ball to T.N. Pearce batting for M.C.C on July 3, 1936. It also contains the battered copy of Wisden that helped to sustain E.W. Swanton through his captivity in a Japanese prisoner-of-war camp during World War II. The Museum continues to collect historic artefacts and also commissions new paintings, and work from the "MCC Young Cricket Photographer". A recently opened exhibition, which celebrates the life and career of Brian Lara, is especially suitable for children. It contains the Brian Johnston Memorial Theatre, a cinema which screens historical cricket footage for visitors.
A visit to the MCC Museum is included in the guided tours of the ground which take place daily. Alternatively, it can be visited on match-days by ticket-holding spectators for a separate charge.
రవాణా
Best Modes of Transport: Bus/Underground

Nearest Train or Bus: St John's Wood tube station

Notes: Bus: 13, 82, 113, 139, 187, 189
St. John's Wood tube station is nearby, whilst the Chiltern railway line runs under the practice ground at the Nursery End. Lord's gave its name to Lord's tube station which was opened in 1868 to directly serve the cricket ground but closed in 1939. The entrance building was demolished in 1960.
లార్డ్స్ లో టెస్టు మ్యాచిలు

Over one hundred Test matches have been played at Lord's, the first in 1884 when England defeated Australia by an innings and 5 runs. Australia's first win was in 1888 by 61 runs. South Africa played their first Test match at Lord's in 1907 and the ground was the host to an Australia v South Africa Test match in 1912. The West Indies appeared in a Test match at Lord's for the first time in 1928, to be followed by New Zealand (1931), India (1932), Pakistan (1954), Sri Lanka (1984), Zimbabwe (2000) and Bangladesh (2005). The hundredth Lord's Test match was in 2000 v West Indies. As of July 14 2008 England have played 116 Test matches at Lord's winning 42, losing 28 and drawing 46. Famously, England have not won an Ashes Test match at Lord's since 1934. Personal achievements by cricketers in Test matches at the ground are recognised with the names of century makers and of bowlers taking 5 wickets in an innings, or 10 wickets in a match, being inscribed on the honours boards in the home and away dressing rooms.
Lord's hosts two Test matches each summer, one match for each visiting team.
However the ECB may impose a limit of one Test per ground for the summer, the MCC have looked into talking to the ECB over the proposal. 

మిగతా క్రీడలు
A baseball game was held at Lord's during the Great War to raise funds for the Canadian Widows and Orphans Fund. A Canadian team played an American team in a match watched by 10,000 people. Bowls, tennis, archery and several other sports have been played at Lord's in the past, but never rugby or football. Recently, there has been talk about staging Major League Baseball games at Lord's in the near future.
Lord's is also one of the planned venues for the 2012 Summer Olympics. The archery competition will take place in front of the Pavilion, with the archers positioned in front of the Allen Stand and the targets placed in front of the Grand Stand.
Lord's also houses a Real Tennis court.
ఇవి కూడా చూడండి

List of cricket grounds in England and Wales
List of Test cricket grounds

మూలాలు

Bibliography


బయటి లింకులు

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వర్గం:ఇంగ్లండు