Question: What was Houzhu's claim to fame?

Northern Qi


The Northern Qi (simplified Chinese:北齐; traditional Chinese:北齊; pinyin:Běi Qí; Wade–Giles:Pei3-Ch'i2) was one of the Northern dynasties of Chinese history and ruled northern China from 550 to 577. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Wenxuan, and it was ended following attacks from Northern Zhou.
History

The Chinese state of Northern Qi was the successor state of the Chinese/Xianbei state of Eastern Wei and was founded by Emperor Wenxuan. Emperor Wenxuan had a Han Chinese father Gao Huan, and a Xianbei mother, Lou Zhaojun.[6][7] As Eastern Wei's paramount general Gao Huan was succeeded by his sons Gao Cheng and Gao Yang, who took the throne from Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei in 550 and established Northern Qi as Emperor Wenxuan. 

Northern Qi was the strongest state of the three main Chinese states (the other two being Northern Zhou state and Chen Dynasty) when it was established. Northern Qi however was plagued by violence and/or incompetent emperors (in particular Houzhu),[8] corrupt officials, and deteriorating armies. In 571, an important official who guide the emperors Emperor Wucheng and Houzhu, He Shikai, was killed.  Houzhu attempted to strengthen the power of throne, instead he triggered a series of purges that became violent in late 573.[8]
In 577, Northern Qi was assaulted by Northern Zhou, a kingdom with poorer resources.[9]  The Northern Qi, with ineffective leadership, quickly disintegrated within a month, with large scale defections of court and military personnel.[10] Both Houzhu and the last emperor Youzhu were captured, and both died in late 577.  Emperor Wenxuan's son Gao Shaoyi, the Prince of Fanyang, under protection by Tujue, later declared himself the emperor of Northern Qi in exile, but was turned over by Tujue to Northern Zhou in 580 and exiled to modern Sichuan. It is a matter of dispute whether Gao Shaoyi should properly be considered a Northern Qi emperor, but in any case the year 577 is generally considered by historians as the ending date for Northern Qi.
Emperors

Emperors family tree




Emperors family tree








Gao Huan 
高欢 (496-547)  Gao Cheng 
高澄 (521-549) Gao Yang 高洋 (526–559)
Wenxuan
(r. 550-559)Empress Gao
高皇后Gao Yan 高演 (535-561)
Xiaozhao
(r. 560-561)Gao Zhan 高湛 (537–569)
Wucheng
(r. 561-565)Gao Jie  
高湝(?-577)Gao Changgong 
高长恭 d.573
Prince of Lanling 蘭陵王Gao Yanzong 
高延宗 (?-578; r.576)Gao Yin 高殷 (545-561)
Fei
(r. 559-560)Gao Shaoyi 
高紹義
(b. 546; r.578-580)Gao Bainian 
高百年 556–564Gao Wei  高緯 (557–577)
Houzhu
(r. 565-577)Gao Yan 
高儼
 (558–571)Gao Heng 高恆 (570–577)
Youzhu
(r. 577)
Northern Qi arts

Northern Qi ceramics mark a revival of Chinese ceramic art, following the disastrous invasions and the social chaos of the 4th century.[16] Northern Qi tombs have revealed some beautiful artifacts, such as porcelain with splashed green designs, previously thought to have been developed under the Tang dynasty.[14]
Markedly unique from earlier depictions of the Buddha, Northern Qi statues tend to be smaller, around three feet tall, and columnar in shape.[17]

A jar has been found in a Northern Qi tomb, which was closed in 576, and is considered as a precursor of the Tang Sancai style of ceramics.[18]
Also, brown glazed wares designed with Sasanian-style figures have been found in these tombs.[14] These works suggest a strong cosmopolitanism and intense exchanges with Western Asia, which are also visible in metalworks and relief sculptures across China during this period.[14] Cosmopolitanism was therefore already current during the Northern Qi period in the 6th century, even before the advent of the notoriously cosmopolitan Tang dynasty, and was often associated with Buddhism.[14][19]
Identity

The Northern Qi, although founded by a ruler of mixed Han/Xianbei origin, strongly asserted their Xianbei ethnic cultural identity. They regarded surviving ethnic Tuoba (themselves also Xianbei) and non-Chinese of the Northern Wei court and as well as literati of all ethnicities as near Chinese, referring to them as Haner (漢兒).[10]  However they made use of Chinese and sometimes Central Asian courtiers.[20] While some Qi elite families had expressed strongly anti-Chinese sentiments, they may also lay claim to Chinese elite origin.[8]  Emperor Wenxuan's father Gao Huan himself, who was reported as having said to his soldiers in the Xianbei language: "The Chinese are your slaves",[21][22] was descended from the Han Chinese Gao family of Bohai (渤海高氏) in what is now modern Hebei.[23] He had become Xianbeified as his family had lived for some time in Inner Mongolia after his grandfather was relocated from Bohai.[24][25]
Religions
A Chinese scholar translated the Buddhist text Nirvana Sutra text into a Turkic language during this era. Some Zoroastrianism influences that went into previous states continued onto the state of Northern Qi court, such as the love for Persian dogs (sacred in  Zoroastrianism) as they were taken as pets by nobles and eunuchs. The Chinese utilized a number of Persian artifacts and products.[26]
Northern Qi Great Wall
Faced with the threat of the Göktürks from the north, from 552 to 556 the Qi built up to 3,000 li (about 1,600 kilometres (990mi)) of wall from Shanxi to the sea at Shanhai Pass.[27] In 552, the Great Wall was built, starting at the northwest frontier, starting from Lishi (离石) and expanding towards west Shuoxian (朔县), with total length of over 400 kilometers.[28] In 555, Emperor Wenquan commanded to repair and rebuild the existing Great Wall of Northern Wei. Over the course of the year 555 alone, 1.8 million men were mobilized to build the Juyong Pass and extend its wall by 450 kilometres (280mi) through Datong to the eastern banks of the Yellow River. In 557 a secondary wall was built inside the main one, starting from east of Pianguan (偏关), passing Yanmen Pass, Pingxing (平型) Pass, and continuing to Xiaguan (下关) in Shanxi Province. In 563, Emperor Wucheng built a section of frontier wall along the Taihang Mountains on the border of Shanxi and Hebei provinces.These walls were built quickly from local earth and stones or formed by natural barriers. Two stretches of the stone-and-earth Qi wall still stand in Shanxi today, measuring 3.3 metres (11ft) wide at their bases and 3.5 metres (11ft) high on average. In 577 the Northern Zhou conquered the Northern Qi and in 580 made repairs to the existing Qi walls. The route of the Qi and Zhou walls would be mostly followed by the later Ming wall west of Gubeikou.
See also

Buddhism in China
Notes


Book of Northern Qi.
History of Northern Dynasties.
Zizhi Tongjian.