Question: What ethnic demographic lives in Manila?

Demographics of the Philippines



Demography of the Philippines records the human population, including its population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects. The Philippines annualised population growth rate between the years 2010-2015 was 1.72%.[4] According to the 2015 census, the population of the Philippines is 100,981,437.[5] The first census in the Philippines was held in the year 1591 which counted 667,612 persons.[6]
The majority of Filipinos are of the Malay race, while the Aetas (Negritos), as well as other highland groups form a minority. The indigenous population is related to the indigenous populations of the Malay Archipelago. Ethnic groups that have been in the Philippines for centuries before European and American colonial rule have assimilated. These include ethnic groups such as Arabs, Japanese, Han Chinese and Indians which form parts of the population.[7][8][9][10] There are also Europeans and Latin Americans who have migrated to the Philippines during the colonial period.
The most commonly spoken indigenous languages are Cebuano and Tagalog, each with more than 20 million native speakers. Another 11 indigenous languages have at least one million native speakers: Ilokano, Hiligaynon, Waray, northern, central and southern Bikol languages, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Maranao, Maguindanao, Kinaray-a, Zamboangueño and Tausug. One or more of these are spoken as a mother tongue by more than 93% of the population. Filipino and English are the official languages but there are between 120 and 170 distinct indigenous Philippine languages (depending on expert classifications).
Population history

The first census in the Philippines was founded in 1591, based on tributes collected. The tributes count the total founding population of Spanish-Philippines as 667,612 people,[11] of which: 20,000 were Chinese migrant traders,[12] 16,500 were Latino soldier-colonists sent from Peru and Mexico,[13]  3,000 were Japanese residents,[14] and 600 were pure Spaniards from Europe,[15] there was also a large but unknown number of Indian Filipinos, the rest of the population were Malays and Negritos. Thus, with merely 667,612 people, during this era, the Philippines was among the most sparsely populated lands in Asia. In contrast, Japan during that era (the 1500s) already had a population of 8 Million or Mexico had a population of 4 million, which was huge compared to the Philippine's mere 600,000. In 1600, the method of population counting was revamped by the Spanish officials, who then based the counting of the population through church records. In 1798, the population of Luzon or Luconia was estimated to be around 600,000 with the other islands, unknown. 200,000 of the 600,0000 population were of mixed-raced descent of either Spanish, Chinese or Latin-American admixture. 5000 soldiers were of South American descent while 2500 were pure Spanish officers. There were also 20,000 Chinese migrants.[16] In 1799, Friar Manuel Buzeta estimated the population count of all Philippine islands as 1,502,574. However, the first official census was conducted only in 1878, when the population as of midnight on December 31, 1877 was counted. This was followed by two more censuses, namely, the 1887 census, and the 1898 census. The 1887 census yielded a count of 6,984,727,[17] while that of 1898 yielded 7,832,719 inhabitants.[18]
1903 census
In 1903 the population of the Philippines was recounted by American authorities to fulfill Act 467. The survey yielded 7,635,426 people, including 56,138 who were foreign-born.[19]
1920 census
According to the 1920 United States Census, there were 10,314,310 people in the Philippines.[20] 99 percent were Filipino; 51,751 were either Chinese or Japanese; 34,563 were of mixed race; 12,577 were Caucasian; and 7,523 were African.[20]
1939
The 1939 census was undertaken in conformity with Section 1 of Commonwealth Act 170.[21] The Philippine population figure was 16,000,303.[22]
1941
In 1941 the estimated population of the Philippines reached 17,000,000.[23] Manila's population was 684,000.[24]
By then, some 27% of the population could speak English as a second language, while the number of Spanish speakers as first language had further fallen to 3% from 10-14% at the beginning of the century. In 1936, Tagalog was selected to be the basis for a national language.[25] In 1987, the Tagalog language was imposed as the national language.[26]
Philippine census surveys


In 1960, the government of the Philippines conducted a survey on both population, and housing. The population was pegged at 27,087,685. Successive surveys were again conducted on 1970, 1975, 1980, and 1990, which gave the population as 36,684,948, 42,070,660, 48,098,460, and 60,703,206 respectively. On 1995, the POPCEN was launched, undertaken at the month of September, The data provided the bases for the Internal Revenue Allocation to local government units, and for the creation of new legislative areas. The count was made official by then President Fidel Ramos by Proclamation No, 849 on August 14, 1995, The population was 68,616,536.
Population pyramid
Census January 1, 2010[28]



Vital statistics
UN estimates


Fertility and Births
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[30]

Life Expectancy

Source: UN World Population Prospects[31]
Year by year
Source: , 
and 

By region
Total fertility rate (TFR) and other related statistics by region, as of 2013:[32]

 Single mother phenomenon and illegitimate birth rate
More than half of the children born every year in the Philippines are illegitimate, and the percentage of illegitimate children is rising by 2% per year.[33][34][35][36] First time single mothers normally consist of girls in the 17 to 19 years old age bracket.[37] Some females become prostitutes in the Philippines after they become unwed single mothers[38] from teenage pregnancy. The reasons for the high illegitimate birthrate and single motherhood include the unpopularity of artificial contraception in the Philippines[39] inadequate sex education, delays in implementing birth control legislation and a machismo attitude among many Filipino males. There are three million household heads without a spouse, two million of whom were female (2015 PSA estimates).
The following table, based on the annual official data sourced from Philippine Statistics Authority, shows the growing annual trend of illegitimate child births by percentages:

Ethnic groups



The majority of the people in the Philippines are of Malay descent. The largest of these groups are the Visayans, Tagalogs, Ilocanos, Bicolanos, Moros, Kapampangans, Pangasinenses, and the Zamboangueños. The indigenous peoples of the Philippines form a minority of the population. Other large ethnic groups include Filipinos of Spanish, Latino, Indian, Chinese, American, Japanese and Arab descent. There are more than 175 ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines, its own culture, identity, literature, tradition, music, dances, foods, beliefs, and history, which are all part of Filipino culture. The latest censuses did not take account of ethnicity, and the only census that included questions on ethnicity is of the 2000 census.
Languages

According to the Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino, there are 135 ethnic languages in the Philippine archipelago spoken by the respective Filipino ethno-linguistic group, except for the national Filipino language which is spoken by all 134 ethno-linguistic groups in the country. Most of the languages have several varieties (dialects), totaling over 300 across the archipelago. In the 1930s in an act of cultural hegemony, the government imposed the use of the Tagalog language as the national language, and called the new Tagalog-based language as the national Filipino language, becoming the 135th ethnic language of the country.[26][46] Visayan languages (also called Bisaya or Binisaya) are widely spoken throughout the Visayas and in most parts of Mindanao. Ilokano is the lingua franca of Northern Luzon excluding Pangasinan. Zamboangueño Chavacano is the official language of Zamboanga City and lingua franca of Basilan.
Filipino and English are the official languages of the country for purposes of communication and instruction.[3]  Consequently, English is widely spoken and understood, although fluency has decreased as the prevalence of Tagalog in primary and secondary educational institutions has increased.
Religion

The Philippine Statistics Authority in October 2015 reported that 80.58% of the total Filipino population were Roman Catholics, 10.8% were Protestant and 5.57% were Islamic.[47] Although the 2012 International Religious Freedom (IRF) reports that an estimate by the National Commission on Muslim Filipinos (NCMF) in 2011 stated that there were then 10.3 million Muslims, or about 10 percent of the total population however this is yet to be proven officially.[48] In 2000, according to the "World Values Survey", 1.8% were Protestant Christians and 10.9% were then irreligious.[49] Other Christian denominations include the Iglesia ni Cristo (one of a number of separate Churches of Christ generally not affiliated with one another), Philippine Independent Church (more commonly called the Aglipayan Church), Members Church of God International, and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Minority religions include Buddhism, Hinduism, and Judaism.
Roman Catholics and Protestants were converted during the four centuries of Western influence by Spain, and the United States. Under Spanish rule, much of the population was converted to Christianity.
Orthodox Christians also live in Philippines. Protestant Christianity arrived in the Philippines during the 20th century, introduced by American missionaries.
Other religions include Judaism, Mahayana Buddhism, often mixed with Taoist beliefs, Hinduism, and Sikhism. Animism and Paganism are also followed.

Education

Education in the Philippines is based on both Western and Eastern ideology and philosophy influenced by China, the United States, Spain, and its neighboring Asian countries. Philippine students enter public school at about age four, starting from nursery school up to kindergarten. At about seven years of age, students enter elementary school (6 to 7 years). This is followed by junior high school (4 years) and senior high school (2 years). Students then take the college entrance examinations (CEE), after which they enter university (3 to 5 years). Other types of schools include private school, preparatory school, international school, laboratory high school, and science high school. School year in the Philippines starts from June, and ends in March with a two-month summer break from April to May, one week of semestral break in October, and a week or two during Christmas and New Year holidays.
Starting in SY 2011–2012 there has been a phased implementation of a new program. The K to 12 Program covers kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of junior high school, and two years of senior high school [SHS]).[50]
Publications
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This article incorporatespublic domain material from the CIA World Factbookdocument .

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