Question: What is Romania's population?

Demographics of Romania


This article is about the demographic features of the population of Romania, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
About 88.9% of the people of Romania are ethnic Romanians, whose language, Romanian, is an Eastern Romance language, descended from Latin with some German, French, English, Greek, Slavic, and Hungarian borrowings. Romanians are by far the most numerous group of speakers of an Eastern Romance language today. It has been said that they constitute "an island of Latinity"[5] in Eastern Europe, surrounded on all sides either by Slavic peoples or by the Hungarians. The Hungarian minority in Romania constitutes the country's largest minority, 6.1 per cent of the population.[6]
Population
Romania's population declined steadily in recent years, from 21.7 million in 2002 to 19.9 million in 2014.[7] More specifically, in the last decade, the population of Romania decreased by 7.5%, the most important moment for the country's demography being 2008, when the number of inhabitants dropped by 600,000 people.[8] Among the causes of population decline are high mortality, low fertility rate after 1989, and emigration.[7]
For the entire period 1990–2006 estimated population loss tops 1.5 million. But it is likely to be higher, given the explosion of migration for work after 2001 and the tendency of some migrants to settle permanently in the countries where they live.[9]
Population evolution


Sources give varied estimates for Romania's historical population. The National Institute for Research and Development in Informatics (NIRDI) gives the following numbers:

Ethnic groups







Slightly more than 10% of the population of Romania is formed of minorities of Romania. The principal minorities are Hungarians and Roma, although other smaller ethnic groups exist too.
Before World War II, minorities represented more than 28% of the total population. During the war that percentage was halved, largely by the loss of the border areas of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina (to the former Soviet Union, now Moldova and Ukraine) and southern Dobrudja (to Bulgaria). Two-thirds of the ethnic German population either left or were deported after World War II, a period that was followed by decades of relatively regular (by communist standards) migration. During the interwar period in Romania, the total number of ethnic Germans amounted to as much as 786,000 (according to some sources and estimates dating to 1939),[10][11] a figure which had subsequently fallen to circa 36,000 as of 2011 in contemporary Romania. One of the reasons for which the number of Germans in Romania fell is because after the Romanian Revolution there has been a mass migration of Transylvania Saxons to Germany, in what was referred by British daily newspaper Guardian to as 'the most astonishing, and little reported, ethnic migration in modern Europe'.[12]
Of a total official population of over three quarter million Jews before World War II, more than half were killed during the Holocaust.[13] Mass emigration, mostly to Israel and United States, has reduced the surviving Jewish community to less than 6,000 in 2002 (it is estimated that the real numbers could be 3-4 times higher).[14]
Hungarians (Magyars; see Hungarians in Romania), especially in Harghita, Covasna, and Mureș counties, and the Roma are the principal minorities, with a declining German population (Banat Swabians in Timiș; Transylvanian Saxons in Sibiu, Brașov and elsewhere), and smaller numbers of Czechs, Slovaks, Serbs, Chinese, Croats, and Banat Bulgarians (in Banat), Ukrainians (especially in Maramureș and Bukovina), Greeks of Romania (especially in Brăila and Constanța), Turks and Tatars (mainly in Constanța), Armenians, Russians (Lipovans, Old Believers in Tulcea), Jews and others. Since the Romanian Revolution of 1989, Bucharest has again become an increasingly cosmopolitan city, including identifiable presences from outside the EU (Chinese, Turks, Moldavian, Syrians, Iraqis) as well as from the EU (French, Italians, Germans, British, Greek).[15]
In Bucharest, there are also guest workers from countries such as Vietnam and Nepal.[16][17]
Minority populations are greatest in Transylvania and the Banat, areas in the north and west of the country, which were part of the Kingdom of Hungary (after 1867 the Austria-Hungary) until the end of World War I. Even before the union with Romania, ethnic Romanians comprised the overall majority in Transylvania. However, ethnic Hungarians and Germans were the dominant urban population until relatively recently, while Hungarians still constitute the majority in Harghita and Covasna counties. After Hungarians and Roma, Ukrainians of Romania are the third-largest minority.  According to the 2011 Romanian census they number 51,703 people, making up 0.3% of the total population.[18] Ukrainians mainly live in northern Romania, in areas close to the Ukrainian border. Over 60% of all Romanian Ukrainians live in Maramureş County, where they make up 6.77% of the population. Sizable populations of Ukrainians are also found in Suceava County, Timiş County, Caraş-Severin County, Satu Mare County, Tulcea County and Arad County.
Romani people in Romania constitute one of Romania's largest minorities. According to the 2011 census, they number 621,573 people or 3.08% of the total population, being the second-largest ethnic minority in Romania after Hungarians.[19] There are different estimates about the size of the total population of people with Romani ancestry in Romania because a lot of people of Romani descent do not declare themselves Roma. The number of Roma people is usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 5–11% of Romania's population.[20]
Origins



Vital statistics

Before WWI

Between WWI and WWII

After WWII
[25][26]

Note: The 2011 Romanian Census gave a figure of 20,121,641.
Current vital statistics
Number of births January-October 2017 =  164,489
Number of births January-October 2018 =  158,943
Number of deaths January-October 2017 =  217,075
Number of deaths January-October 2018 =  216,006
Natural Decrease January-October 2017 =  -52,586
Natural Decrease January-October 2018 =  -57,063
[28]
Number of Marriages January-October 2017 =  129,470
Number of Marriages January-October 2018 =  128,950[29]
Life expectancy 1950-2015
Average life expectancy at age 0 of the total population.[30]

Birth rates by counties
Romania has 41 counties and one city with a special status, namely Bucharest. Ilfov county has the highest crude birth rate (12.0‰), while Vâlcea County has the lowest crude birth rate (6.6‰). Birth rates are generally higher in rural areas compared to urban areas. 

Largest urban agglomerations


































vt Largest cities in Romania
2011 Census[32]RankNameCounty Pop.RankNameCounty Pop.
Bucharest

Cluj-Napoca1BucharestBucharest1,883,42511BrăilaBrăila180,302
Timișoara

Iași2Cluj-NapocaCluj324,57612AradArad159,7043TimișoaraTimiș319,27913PiteștiArgeș155,3834IașiIași290,42214SibiuSibiu147,2455ConstanțaConstanța283,87215BacăuBacău144,3076CraiovaDolj269,50616Târgu MureșMureș134,2907BrașovBrașov253,20017Baia MareMaramureș123,7388GalațiGalați249,34218BuzăuBuzău115,4949PloieștiPrahova209,94519BotoșaniBotoșani106,84710OradeaBihor196,36720Satu MareSatu Mare102,441
1. Bucharest 
2. Cluj Napoca 
3. Timișoara 
4. Iași 
5. Constanța 
6. Craiova 
7. Brașov 
8. Galați
CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
Age structure
The following demographic statistics are from National Institute of Statistic on 1 July 2016.
0-14 years: 14.7% (male 1,678,542/female 1,586,709)
15–64 years: 69.5% (male 7,744,863/female 7,687,078)
65 years and over: 15.8% (male 1,420,144/female 2,097,659) (2016 est.)

As a consequence of the pro-natalist policies of the Nicolae Ceaușescu regime (see Decree 770), Romania has a higher proportion of people born in the late 1960s and 1970s its population than any other Western country except Slovenia. The generations born in 1967 and 1968 were the largest, although fertility remained relatively high until 1990. 8.55% of the Romanian population was born in the period from 1976 to 1980, compared with 6.82% of Americans and 6.33% of Britons.[33]
Urban-rural ratio
Romania is one of the least urbanised countries in Europe. Just a slight majority, 56.4 percent, lives in urban areas (12,546,212 people in total). The remainder, 43.6 percent, lives in rural areas (9,695,506 people in total).[34]
Population growth rate
The population growth rate is -0.127% (2007 estimate).[35]
In common with many European countries, Romania has experienced a decline in population in recent years. The population fell by 1,129,000 or 4.95% in the decade 1992–2002. In three counties, Caraș-Severin, Hunedoara and Teleorman, the population fell by more than 10% over the same period. Only two counties, Ilfov and Iași saw their population increase. 
Net migration rate
-0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)[35]
Sex ratio
at birth::1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years::1.05 male(s)/female
15–64 years::0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over::0.71 male(s)/female
total population::0.95 male(s)/female (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate
9.2 deaths/1,000 live births (May 2010);[36] down from 17.3 deaths/1,000 live births in 2002.[37]
Life expectancy at birth
Total population: 75 years
male: 71.4 years
female: 78.8 years (2015 est.)[38]
Nationality
The noun form is Romanian(s), and the adjectival form is Romanian.
Immigration

Foreign-born population (Eurostat):[39]

Foreign nationalities:

Religion



Romanian Orthodox — 86.7%
Roman Catholic — 4.7%
Protestant Churches (Calvin, Lutheran, Unitarian, Pentecostal, Baptist, Adventist) — 5.3%
Greek Catholic - Uniate — 0.9%
Islam — 0.3%
Atheist — ~0.04% (9,271 people)
No religion — 0.1%
Other religions — 2.0%
Refused to declare — 0.1%
Religious affiliation tends to follow ethnic lines, with most ethnic Romanians identifying with the Romanian Orthodox Church. The Greek Catholic or Uniate church, reunified with the Orthodox Church by fiat in 1948, was restored after the 1989 revolution. The 2002 census indicates that 0.9% of the population is Greek Catholic, as opposed to about 10% prior to 1948. Roman Catholics, largely ethnic Hungarians and Germans, constitute 4.7% of the population; Calvinists, Baptists (see Baptist Union of Romania and Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania), Pentecostals, and Lutherans make up another 5%. There are smaller numbers of Unitarians, Muslims, and other religions.
See also
Ageing of Europe
Immigration to Romania





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