Question: When was Athletic Bilbao established?

Athletic Bilbao



Athletic Club, also commonly known as Athletic Bilbao (Basque: Bilboko Athletic Kluba / Spanish: Athletic de Bilbao), is a professional football club, based in Bilbao, in the Basque Country (Spain).
They are known as Los Leones (The Lions) because their stadium was built near a church called San Mamés (Saint Mammes). Mammes was an early Christian thrown to the lions by the Romans. Mammes pacified the lions and was later made a saint.
The club is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division since its inception in 1929, the others being Real Madrid and Barcelona. Athletic have won La Liga on eight occasions, fourth most in the history of the league. In the table of Copa del Rey titles, Athletic is second only to Barcelona, having won it 24 times (per the team's official records; the Royal Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) recognizes 23 victories). The club also has one of the most successful women's teams in Spain, which has won five championships in the Primera División Femenina.
The club is known for its cantera policy of bringing young Basque players through the ranks, as well as recruiting players from other Basque clubs like Joseba Etxeberria and Javi Martínez. Athletic's official policy is signing professional players native to or trained in football in the greater Basque Country, which includes Biscay, Gipuzkoa, Álava and Navarre (in Spain); and Labourd, Soule and Lower Navarre (in France).[3] Since 1912, Athletic has played exclusively with players meeting its own criteria to be deemed as Basque, and has been one of the most successful teams in La Liga. This can be seen as a unique case in European football;[4] it has gained Athletic both admirers and critics. The club has been praised for promoting home grown players and club loyalty. The Basque rule does not apply to coaching staff however, with several examples of non-Basque managers both from Spain and abroad having coached the first team.
Athletic's main rivals are Real Sociedad, against whom it contests the Basque derby, and Real Madrid, due to sporting and political rivalry. At various points in the club's history, further Basque league derbies have been contested against Deportivo Alavés, Eibar and Osasuna. Athletic is one of only four professional clubs in Spain (the others being Osasuna, Real Madrid and Barcelona) that is not a sports corporation; it is owned and operated by its club members.
History

Bilbao FC, Athletic Club and Club Bizcaya

Football was introduced to Bilbao by two distinct groups with British connections; British workers and Basque students returning from schools in Britain. In the late 19th century, Bilbao was a leading industrial town and attracted many migrant workers, including miners from the north-east of England, and shipyard workers from Southampton, Portsmouth and Sunderland. They brought with them the game of football, and came together to form Bilbao Football Club. Meanwhile, sons of the Basque educated classes went to Britain to complete their studies, developed an interest in football and on their return began to arrange games with British workers. In 1898, students founded the Athletic Club, using the English spelling.
In 1901, a meeting held in the Café García established more formal rules and regulations. In 1902, the two clubs formed a combined team, known as Bizcaya, in the first Copa del Rey and won the competition. This led to the eventual merger of the two clubs as Athletic Club in 1903. In the same year, Basque students also formed Athletic Club Madrid which later evolved into Atlético Madrid. The club itself declares 1898 as its foundation date.
Copa del Rey

The club featured prominently in early Copas del Rey. Following the inaugural win by Club Bizcaya, the newly formed Athletic Bilbao won it again in 1903. In 1904, they were declared winners after their opponents failed to turn up. In 1907, they revived the name Club Vizcaya after entering a combined team with Union Vizcaino. After a brief lull, they won again in 1911 and then three times in a row between 1914 and 1916. The star was Pichichi, who scored the first goal at the San Mamés stadium in 1913 and a hat-trick in the 1915 cup final. The La Liga top scorer award  is named in his honour.
The first La Liga
Other Basque clubs such as Real Unión, Arenas Club de Getxo and Real Sociedad were also founding members of La Liga in 1928 and by 1930 they were joined by CD Alavés; five of the ten clubs in the Primera División were from the Basque Country. The saying "Con cantera y afición, no hace falta importación", translated as "With home-grown teams and supporters, there is no need for imports", made sense during these early days.
The Fred Pentland Era

In 1921, a new British coach, Fred Pentland, arrived; In 1923, he led the club to victory in the Copa del Rey. He revolutionised the way Athletic played, favouring the short-passing game. In 1927, Pentland left Athletic but returned in 1929 and led the club to La Liga/Copa del Rey doubles in 1930 and 1931. The club won the Copa del Rey four times in a row between 1930 and 1933 and they were also La Liga runners-up in 1932 and 1933. In 1931, Athletic defeated Barcelona 12–1, the latter's worst-ever defeat.
The league title under Garbutt
Athletic's success under British coaches continued with William Garbutt. His first season in Spain was a massive success as he managed to win the Liga[5] that year. He had inherited a talented squad which included strikers Guillermo Gorostiza and Bata.
Garbutt promoted the young Ángel Zubieta to the first team, a player who at 17 years of age went on to become the youngest ever to play for the Spanish national team[5] at the time. In the final game of the season, the title was decided when Athletic defeated Oviedo 2–0 at home on 19 April 1936, winning the title just two points clear of Real Madrid.[5] In July 1936, football halted due to the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. The league did not restart until the 1939–40 season. Athletic Club did not win the title again until 1943 and by that time Garbutt had been exiled.[5]
Atlético Bilbao

In 1941, the club changed its name to Atlético Bilbao, following a decree issued by Franco. The same year Telmo Zarra made his debut. He went on to score 294 goals in all competitions for Atlético. His 38 goals in the 1950–51 season stood as a record for 60 years.



In 1943, the club won a double and retained the Copa in both 1944 and 1945. During the early 1950s, the club featured the legendary forward line of Zarra, Panizo, Rafa Iriondo, Venancio and Agustín Gaínza. They helped the club win another Copa del Generalisimo in 1950. Coach Ferdinand Daučík led the team to another double in 1956 and to more Copa victories in 1955 and 1958. In 1956 the club also made their debut in the European Cup.
The 1960s were dominated by Real Madrid, and Atlético only had a single Copa del Rey win in 1969, although the decade saw the emergence of a club legend, José Ángel Iribar.

The 1970s were not much better, with only another single Copa del Rey win in 1973. In December 1976, before a game against Real Sociedad, Iribar and Sociedad captain Inaxio Kortabarria carried out the Ikurriña, the Basque flag, and placed it ceremonially on the centre-circle – this was the first public display of the flag since the death of Francisco Franco. In 1977, the club reached the final of the UEFA Cup, only losing on away goals to Juventus. By then the Franco regime also ended and the club reverted to using the name Athletic.
The Clemente years
In 1981, Javier Clemente became manager. He put together one of the most successful teams in the club's history. In 1983 the club won La Liga, and in 1984 they won a La Liga/Copa del Rey double. In 1985 and 1986, Athletic finished third and fourth respectively. Clemente's Athletic acquired notoriety for its aggressive style of play. The club has failed to win a major trophy since the success of the era. A succession of coaches that included José Ángel Iribar, Howard Kendall, Jupp Heynckes and Javier Irureta and even a returning Clemente failed to reproduce his success.
The Fernández Era
In 1998, coach Luis Fernández led the club to second in La Liga and UEFA Champions League qualification. Fernández benefited from the club adopting a more flexible approach to the cantera. In 1995, Athletic had signed Joseba Etxeberria from regional rivals Real Sociedad, causing considerable bad feeling between the two clubs.[6] Etxeberria was a prominent member of the 1997–98 squad, along with Rafael Alkorta and Julen Guerrero.
21st century
The club narrowly avoided relegation during the 2005–06 and 2006–07 seasons, the latter being the worst in the club's history. In the Copa del Rey, they reached their first final in 24 years, losing 4–1 to Barcelona.[7]

Prior to the 2011–12 season, Athletic's new president, former player Josu Urrutia, brought in coach Marcelo Bielsa;[8][9] Athletic advanced to their first European final since 1977, losing 3–0 to Spanish rivals Atlético Madrid on 9 May in the 2012 UEFA Europa League Final at the Arena Națională in Bucharest.[10] They also reached the 2012 Copa del Rey Final, losing again to Barcelona.[11]
After star midfielder Javi Martínez moved to FC Bayern Munich, Athletic were eliminated from the 2012–13 Europa League group stage, and were knocked out of the Copa del Rey by Basque club Eibar of the third tier. Relegation was a threat until the end of the season, and the final league game at the "old" San Mamés ended in defeat to Levante. Athletic would soon move to a new stadium, albeit in a partially completed state. Bielsa promoted young French defender Aymeric Laporte into the side, while striker Fernando Llorente completed a free transfer to Juventus.[12][13]


After Bielsa, Ernesto Valverde returned for a second spell as manager, and he signed or brought through several new players as Athletic came fourth in the league, meaning a UEFA Champions League campaign. Ander Herrera transferred to Manchester United for €36 million deal at the end of the season.[14][15]
Athletic had a triumphant first full-capacity match in the new San Mamés as they defeated Napoli to qualify for the Champions League group stage,[16] however they could only finish 3rd in the group.[17] Athletic reached the 2015 Copa del Rey Final, but once again lost to Barcelona, 3–1.[18]
In the first leg of the 2015 Supercopa de España at San Mamés, Athletic defeated Barcelona 4–0, with Aritz Aduriz scoring a hat-trick. In the return leg at Camp Nou, Athletic hung on with a 1–1 draw to win their first trophy since 1984.[19][20] Aduriz finished with 36 goals in all competitions. Athletic advanced to the quarter-finals in the Europa League where they were only defeated on penalties by the holders and eventual repeat winners Sevilla FC.
Ernesto Valverde left his position at the end of the 2016–17 season after four years.[21] It was confirmed that his successor would be former player José Ángel Ziganda, moving up from Bilbao Athletic.[22] On 29 November the club suffered a shock defeat to SD Formentera in the domestic cup.[23][24] At the conclusion of a poor season overall, Ziganda was dismissed and Eduardo Berizzo was appointed. However, his spell was even less fruitful and on 4 December 2018, having won just two of his fifteen matched at the helm and with the team in the relegation zone, Berizzo was dismissed; B-team coach Gaizka Garitano took over.[25]
Club colours

Athletic began playing in an improvised white kit, but in the 1902–03 season, the club's first official strip became half-blue, half-white shirts similar to those worn by Blackburn Rovers,[26] which were donated by Juan Moser. Later, a young student from Bilbao named Juan Elorduy, who was spending Christmas 1909 in London, was charged by the club to buy 25 new shirts, but was unable to find enough. Waiting for the ship back to Bilbao and empty handed, Elorduy realised that the colours of the local team Southampton[27]  matched the colours of the City of Bilbao, and bought 50 shirts to take with him. Upon arriving in Bilbao, the club's directors decided almost immediately to change the team's strip to the new colours, and since 1910, Athletic Club have played in red and white stripes. Of the 50 shirts bought by Elorduy, half were then sent to Atlético Madrid, where Elorduy was a committee member and a former player; it had originally begun as a youth branch of Athletic Bilbao.[28][29][30][31][32] Before the switch from blue and white to red and white, only one other team wore red and white, Sporting de Gijón, since 1905.

Athletic were one of the last major clubs who did not have the logo of an official sponsor emblazoned on their kit. In the UEFA Cup and the Copa del Rey of 2004–05, the shirt sported the word "Euskadi" in green in exchange for hundreds of thousands of euros from the Basque Government[33] (Red, white and green are the Basque colours).
This policy was changed in 2008, when Athletic made a deal with the Biscay-based Petronor oil company[34] to wear their logo in exchange for over €2 million. In 2011, Athletic revealed a new away kit that was inspired by the Basque flag. The Kutxabank logo now adorns the front of Athletic's kits.
Between 2001 and 2009 Athletic also manufactured their own playing kit, under the brand 100% Athletic and utilising the small design from their centenary celebrations as a manufacturer's logo.
Shield

Athletic's shield has incorporated the escutcheons of Bilbao and Biscay. From the shield of Bilbao, it takes the bridge and the church of San Anton, and the wolves from the powerful Haro family, who were lords of Biscay and founders of Bilbao in 1300. From the shield of Biscay it takes Guernica's tree and the cross of San Andrés. Its first documentary record dates from 1922.

Among its history, the shield of the club has been developing and changing in form. So, the first official shield was a blue circle with the letters A and C in the middle. The second one was from 1910, that was a red and white flag with a white square in the left side, in which there are the initials of the club.
The third one, from 1913, was also a red and white flag, but in this case surrounding a platoon (this is similar to the Real Sociedad crest still in use today).
The first version of the actual shield is from 1922, it still was a really simple version that was changing of form with the years until having three different versions. Finally, in 1941 the first version of the current shield was created, but the name "Atlético Bilbao" was used when Generalissimo Francisco Franco outlawed all non-Spanish names during his fascist reign. In 1970, the club added colors to the shield and recovered the original English "Athletic Club" name. In 2008, the shape of the shield was slightly altered and a new "Athletic Club" typeface was introduced.
Players

Current squad
As of 31 January 2019[35]
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

















































































No.PositionPlayer1GKÁlex Remiro3DFUnai Núñez4DFIñigo Martínez5DFYeray Álvarez6DFMikel San José7MFBeñat Etxebarria8MFAnder Iturraspe (2nd captain)9FWIñaki Williams10MFIker Muniain (3rd captain)11MFIñigo Córdoba12DFYuri Berchiche13GKIago Herrerín14MFMarkel Susaeta (captain)15DFIñigo Lekue







































































No.PositionPlayer16MFDani García17MFMikel Rico18DFÓscar de Marcos (4th captain)19FWIbai Gómez20FWAritz Aduriz21MFAnder Capa22MFRaúl García23MFUnai López24DFMikel Balenziaga25GKUnai Simón30FWGorka Guruzeta31MFPeru Nolaskoain—FWKenan Kodro
Reserve team

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
























No.PositionPlayer26GKHodei Oleaga32FWIñigo Vicente34MFOihan Sancet
Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.



























No.PositionPlayer—DFCristian Ganea (at Numancia until 30 June 2019)—DFXabier Etxeita (at Huesca until 30 June 2019)—DFAndoni López (at Almería until 30 June 2019)
















No.PositionPlayer—FWSabin Merino (at Leganés until 30 June 2019)—MFMikel Vesga (at Leganés until 30 June 2019)
Staff

Presidency
The current board is chaired by Aitor Elizegi, businessman by profession, whose candidacy was successful during the elections in December, succeeding the previous president, Josu Urrutia.[36] There were a total of 19,340 votes. Elizegi was the winner with 9,264 votes (47.9%), while opposition candidate Alberto Uribe-Echevarría garnered 9,179 (47.46%). 781 (4.04%) members voted blank and 116 (0.6%) remaining votes were considered invalid.[37]
The board of the Athletic Club is composed of the following directors:[38][39]
President: Aitor Elizegi.
Vice-President: Mikel Martínez.
Secretary: Fernando San José.
Vice-Secretary: María Tato.
Treasurer: Aitor Bernardo.
Accountant: Jon Ander de las Fuentes.
Board members: Begoña Castaño, Goyo Arbizu, Itziar Villamandos, Óscar Beristain, Joana Martínez, Iker Goñi, Óscar Arce, Ricardo Hernani, Tomás Ondarra, Jorge Gómez, Manu Mosteiro.
Managing Director: Jon Berasategi.
General Secretary: Juan Ignacio Añibarro.
Sports Director: Rafael Alkorta.
Managers

Kit evolution












190319101913195019701982199620042015
Shirt sponsors and manufacturers


Honours

Men's football
Domestic
La Liga (8): 1929–30, 1930–31, 1933–34, 1935–36, 1942–43, 1955–56, 1982–83, 1983–84
Copa del Rey (23): 1903, 1904, 1910, 1911, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1921, 1923, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1943, 1944, 1944–45, 1949–50, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1969, 1972–73, 1983–84[note 1]
Supercopa de España (2): 1984,[note 2] 2015
Copa Eva Duarte[note 3] (1): 1950
Women's football

Results



Pos. = Position; Pl. = Match played; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Lost; GS = Goal Scored; GA = Goal Against; Pts = Points

Colors: Gold = winner; Silver = runner-up; Cyan = ongoing


Statistics and records

Statistics
Institutional information:
Associates: 44,171
Official fans groups: 452
Budget: €101,940,138 (2018–19 season).
TV income: €71,000,000 (2016–17 season)
Best positions
Seasons in La Liga: all.[47]
Best position in La Liga: 1st (8 times)
Worst position in La Liga: 17th (once).
Historical position in the ranking of La Liga: 5th[48]
Best position in UEFA Champions League / European Cup: Quarter Final (1957)
Best position in UEFA Europa League / UEFA Cup: Runner-up (1977, 2012)
Entries in UEFA competitions: 32 (until 2017–18 season)
5 Participations in the UEFA Champions League / European Cup
18 Participations in the UEFA Europa League / UEFA Cup
2 Participations in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
6 Participations in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
1 Participations in the UEFA Intertoto Cup
Goals records
Most goals scored in one match home: Athletic 12 – Barcelona 1 (1930–31).
Most goals scored in one match away: Osasuna 1 – Athletic 8 (1958–59).
Most goals scored in one match in Copa del Rey: Athletic 12 – Celta Vigo 1 (1946–47)
Most goals scored in one match in European competitions:  Standard Liège 1 – Athletic 7 (2004–05).
Players records
Top scorer of club history: Telmo Zarra (367 goals)
Most games played: José Ángel Iribar (614 matches)
Most titles won by the club: Guillermo Gorostiza (15 titles)
Youngest player to debut (amateur): Domingo Acedo (16 years old)[49][50]
Youngest player to debut (professional): Iker Muniain (16 years old)[51]
Youngest goalscorer (amateur): Domingo Acedo (16 years old)[49][50]
Youngest goalscorer (professional): Iker Muniain (16 years old)[51]
Oldest player to retire: Armando Ribeiro (39 years old)[52]
Oldest goalscorer: Aritz Aduriz (37 years old)[53]
Most expensive player signing: Iñigo Martínez (signed in 2018 for €32M from Real Sociedad)[54][55]
Most expensive player sold: Kepa Arrizabalaga (sold in 2018 for €80M to Chelsea)[56]
Records
Together with Real Madrid and Barcelona, Athletic is one of only three teams to have contested all editions of La Liga, without ever having been relegated.[57]
In the 1929–30 season, finished the league unbeaten after 18 games.[57]
Has the record for the biggest win in La Liga (12–1 to Barcelona, in 1931).[57]
Has the record for the biggest win in Copa del Rey (12–1 to Celta Vigo, in 1947).[57]
Has the record for the biggest win away to Real Madrid (0–6 in Santiago Bernabéu), Barcelona (0–6 in Camp Nou), Espanyol (1–5) and Osasuna (1–8).[57]
Telmo Zarra is the only player in the history of La Liga to be top scorer six times.[57]
Zarra is the top scorer in the history of Copa del Rey (81 goals).[57]
Gaínza has the record of most goals scored in a single La Liga match (8 goals).[57]
Zarra holds the record for most goals in a Copa del Rey final (4 goals).[57]
Stadium information

San Mames
Name: San Mamés
Nickname: La Catedral (The Cathedral)
City: Bilbao
Opened: September 2013
Capacity: 53,289[2]
Beginning construction: 25 May 2010.
End construction (partial): September 2013.
End construction (total): August 2014.
Pitch size: 105 m × 68 m (344ft × 223ft)
Sports Facilities: Lezama
Lezama Facilities
The Lezama Facilities is the complex where all of the categories of Athletic train. It was opened in the 1971–72 season, under the presidency of Felix Oráa. At present, facilities include, inter alia, five natural grass fields, a gymnasium, a pediment, a medical center and a residence for young players. Lezama has undergone remodeling since 1995 under the presidency of José María Arrate with the construction of new roads and parking entry and exit able to absorb the large number of vehicles that come every day, and a platform cover bringing greater convenience to fans attending the matches of the youth teams and other youth football teams.
These facilities are located in the municipality of Lezama, approximately ten miles from Bilbao.
Future
The Board has given the green light to the so-called "Lezama Master Plan", which was founded with the purpose of modernizing the structures of both the youth teams and first team. The "Plan" is the result of a rigorous study of the basic needs for the future of the Athletic Club. The work will take place over the course of two to three years and its budget is around €12 million. The Club is committed to consolidate its cantera structure, which is the basis for the future of the Club and in this regard Lezama will be expanded to classrooms for youth work in the lower categories and create an audiovisual department.
See also

Bilbao Athletic – B team in Segunda División B
CD Basconia – affiliate team for under-20 players in Tercera División
Athletic Bilbao cantera – youth system up to 19 years, in leagues including División de Honor Juvenil
Athletic Bilbao (women) – women's team in the Primera División Femenino
List of Athletic Bilbao records and statistics
One Club Man Award – annual award for retired players organised by the club
Politics and sports


Notes



Official websites
 (in Basque) (in Spanish) (in English) (in French)
 at La Liga (in English) (in Spanish)
 at UEFA (in English) (in Spanish)