gonglinyuan/CoSQA huggingface dataset:
Query: check if a string start with a prefix in python

def starts_with_prefix_in_list(text, prefixes):
    """
    Return True if the given string starts with one of the prefixes in the given list, otherwise
    return False.

    Arguments:
        text (str): Text to check for prefixes.
        prefixes (list): List of prefixes to check for.

    Returns:
        bool: True if the given text starts with any of the given prefixes, otherwise False.
    """
    for prefix in prefixes:
        if text.startswith(prefix):
            return True
    return False
Query: python get boolean input from user

def boolean(value):
    """
    Configuration-friendly boolean type converter.

    Supports both boolean-valued and string-valued inputs (e.g. from env vars).

    """
    if isinstance(value, bool):
        return value

    if value == "":
        return False

    return strtobool(value)
Query: how to turn a string into a datetime python

def parse_datetime(dt_str):
    """Parse datetime."""
    date_format = "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S %z"
    dt_str = dt_str.replace("Z", " +0000")
    return datetime.datetime.strptime(dt_str, date_format)
Query: longest common substring using contains python

def long_substr(data):
    """Return the longest common substring in a list of strings.
    
    Credit: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2892931/longest-common-substring-from-more-than-two-strings-python
    """
    substr = ''
    if len(data) > 1 and len(data[0]) > 0:
        for i in range(len(data[0])):
            for j in range(len(data[0])-i+1):
                if j > len(substr) and all(data[0][i:i+j] in x for x in data):
                    substr = data[0][i:i+j]
    elif len(data) == 1:
        substr = data[0]
    return substr
Query: python check is datetime object

def is_timestamp(obj):
    """
    Yaml either have automatically converted it to a datetime object
    or it is a string that will be validated later.
    """
    return isinstance(obj, datetime.datetime) or is_string(obj) or is_int(obj) or is_float(obj)
Query: python take absolute value of array

def fn_abs(self, value):
        """
        Return the absolute value of a number.

        :param value: The number.
        :return: The absolute value of the number.
        """

        if is_ndarray(value):
            return numpy.absolute(value)
        else:
            return abs(value)
Query: inner product of vectors in python

def dotproduct(X, Y):
    """Return the sum of the element-wise product of vectors x and y.
    >>> dotproduct([1, 2, 3], [1000, 100, 10])
    1230
    """
    return sum([x * y for x, y in zip(X, Y)])
Query: number of unique in list python

def count_list(the_list):
    """
    Generates a count of the number of times each unique item appears in a list
    """
    count = the_list.count
    result = [(item, count(item)) for item in set(the_list)]
    result.sort()
    return result
Query: match specifc string except other python

def matches(self, s):
    """Whether the pattern matches anywhere in the string s."""
    regex_matches = self.compiled_regex.search(s) is not None
    return not regex_matches if self.inverted else regex_matches
Query: get all the variable in python local

def caller_locals():
    """Get the local variables in the caller's frame."""
    import inspect
    frame = inspect.currentframe()
    try:
        return frame.f_back.f_back.f_locals
    finally:
        del frame
Query: python flatten a dict

def flatten_multidict(multidict):
    """Return flattened dictionary from ``MultiDict``."""
    return dict([(key, value if len(value) > 1 else value[0])
                 for (key, value) in multidict.iterlists()])
Query: how do you make a horizontal line in python

def get_hline():
    """ gets a horiztonal line """
    return Window(
        width=LayoutDimension.exact(1),
        height=LayoutDimension.exact(1),
        content=FillControl('-', token=Token.Line))
Query: calculate the average of a given list in python

def mean(inlist):
    """
Returns the arithematic mean of the values in the passed list.
Assumes a '1D' list, but will function on the 1st dim of an array(!).

Usage:   lmean(inlist)
"""
    sum = 0
    for item in inlist:
        sum = sum + item
    return sum / float(len(inlist))
Query: python dict remove items by keys

def filter_dict(d, keys):
    """
    Creates a new dict from an existing dict that only has the given keys
    """
    return {k: v for k, v in d.items() if k in keys}
Query: using python to send serial commands

def command(self, cmd, *args):
        """
        Sends a command and an (optional) sequence of arguments through to the
        delegated serial interface. Note that the arguments are passed through
        as data.
        """
        self._serial_interface.command(cmd)
        if len(args) > 0:
            self._serial_interface.data(list(args))
Query: relace multiple characters in a string with emty string python

def multiple_replace(string, replacements):
    # type: (str, Dict[str,str]) -> str
    """Simultaneously replace multiple strigns in a string

    Args:
        string (str): Input string
        replacements (Dict[str,str]): Replacements dictionary

    Returns:
        str: String with replacements

    """
    pattern = re.compile("|".join([re.escape(k) for k in sorted(replacements, key=len, reverse=True)]), flags=re.DOTALL)
    return pattern.sub(lambda x: replacements[x.group(0)], string)
Query: python 3 rounding or floats

def py3round(number):
    """Unified rounding in all python versions."""
    if abs(round(number) - number) == 0.5:
        return int(2.0 * round(number / 2.0))

    return int(round(number))
Query: how to print clear the screen in python

def clear(self):
        """
        Clear screen and go to 0,0
        """
        # Erase current output first.
        self.erase()

        # Send "Erase Screen" command and go to (0, 0).
        output = self.output

        output.erase_screen()
        output.cursor_goto(0, 0)
        output.flush()

        self.request_absolute_cursor_position()
Query: get width and height of string in python

def text_width(string, font_name, font_size):
    """Determine with width in pixels of string."""
    return stringWidth(string, fontName=font_name, fontSize=font_size)
Query: python datetime iso format string

def isoformat(dt):
    """Return an ISO-8601 formatted string from the provided datetime object"""
    if not isinstance(dt, datetime.datetime):
        raise TypeError("Must provide datetime.datetime object to isoformat")

    if dt.tzinfo is None:
        raise ValueError("naive datetime objects are not allowed beyond the library boundaries")

    return dt.isoformat().replace("+00:00", "Z")
Query: prevent color of white or black using python colorsys

def set_color(self, fg=None, bg=None, intensify=False, target=sys.stdout):
        """Set foreground- and background colors and intensity."""
        raise NotImplementedError
Query: how to get the last element in linked list in python

def get_tail(self):
        """Gets tail

        :return: Tail of linked list
        """
        node = self.head
        last_node = self.head

        while node is not None:
            last_node = node
            node = node.next_node

        return last_node
Query: python make a list into dict

def list_of_lists_to_dict(l):
    """ Convert list of key,value lists to dict

    [['id', 1], ['id', 2], ['id', 3], ['foo': 4]]
    {'id': [1, 2, 3], 'foo': [4]}
    """
    d = {}
    for key, val in l:
        d.setdefault(key, []).append(val)
    return d
Query: python2 get value from dict with default value

def get_value(key, obj, default=missing):
    """Helper for pulling a keyed value off various types of objects"""
    if isinstance(key, int):
        return _get_value_for_key(key, obj, default)
    return _get_value_for_keys(key.split('.'), obj, default)
Query: list string python remove commas

def split_elements(value):
    """Split a string with comma or space-separated elements into a list."""
    l = [v.strip() for v in value.split(',')]
    if len(l) == 1:
        l = value.split()
    return l
Query: python magic determine file mime

def from_file(filename, mime=False):
    """ Opens file, attempts to identify content based
    off magic number and will return the file extension.
    If mime is True it will return the mime type instead.

    :param filename: path to file
    :param mime: Return mime, not extension
    :return: guessed extension or mime
    """

    head, foot = _file_details(filename)
    return _magic(head, foot, mime, ext_from_filename(filename))
Query: python how to know data type

def maybe_infer_dtype_type(element):
    """Try to infer an object's dtype, for use in arithmetic ops

    Uses `element.dtype` if that's available.
    Objects implementing the iterator protocol are cast to a NumPy array,
    and from there the array's type is used.

    Parameters
    ----------
    element : object
        Possibly has a `.dtype` attribute, and possibly the iterator
        protocol.

    Returns
    -------
    tipo : type

    Examples
    --------
    >>> from collections import namedtuple
    >>> Foo = namedtuple("Foo", "dtype")
    >>> maybe_infer_dtype_type(Foo(np.dtype("i8")))
    numpy.int64
    """
    tipo = None
    if hasattr(element, 'dtype'):
        tipo = element.dtype
    elif is_list_like(element):
        element = np.asarray(element)
        tipo = element.dtype
    return tipo
Query: python tkinter set default combobox value

def select_default(self):
        """
        Resets the combo box to the original "selected" value from the
        constructor (or the first value if no selected value was specified).
        """
        if self._default is None:
            if not self._set_option_by_index(0):
                utils.error_format(self.description + "\n" +
                "Unable to select default option as the Combo is empty")

        else:
            if not self._set_option(self._default):
                utils.error_format( self.description + "\n" +
                "Unable to select default option as it doesnt exist in the Combo")
Query: python + how to count the number of lines in a file

def line_count(fn):
    """ Get line count of file

    Args:
        fn (str): Path to file

    Return:
          Number of lines in file (int)
    """

    with open(fn) as f:
        for i, l in enumerate(f):
            pass
    return i + 1
Query: python get type of values in a columns

def _get_column_types(self, data):
        """Get a list of the data types for each column in *data*."""
        columns = list(zip_longest(*data))
        return [self._get_column_type(column) for column in columns]
Query: python change encoding stdout

def stdout_encode(u, default='utf-8'):
    """ Encodes a given string with the proper standard out encoding
        If sys.stdout.encoding isn't specified, it this defaults to @default

        @default: default encoding

        -> #str with standard out encoding
    """
    # from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3627793/best-output-type-and-
    #   encoding-practices-for-repr-functions
    encoding = sys.stdout.encoding or default
    return u.encode(encoding, "replace").decode(encoding, "replace")
Query: python format datetime as iso string

def isoformat(dt):
    """Return an ISO-8601 formatted string from the provided datetime object"""
    if not isinstance(dt, datetime.datetime):
        raise TypeError("Must provide datetime.datetime object to isoformat")

    if dt.tzinfo is None:
        raise ValueError("naive datetime objects are not allowed beyond the library boundaries")

    return dt.isoformat().replace("+00:00", "Z")
Query: yaml read file python

def getYamlDocument(filePath):
    """
    Return a yaml file's contents as a dictionary
    """
    with open(filePath) as stream:
        doc = yaml.load(stream)
        return doc
Query: python 2 make timezone aware

def make_aware(dt):
    """Appends tzinfo and assumes UTC, if datetime object has no tzinfo already."""
    return dt if dt.tzinfo else dt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
Query: python check string %s

def check(text):
    """Check the text."""
    err = "misc.currency"
    msg = u"Incorrect use of symbols in {}."

    symbols = [
        "\$[\d]* ?(?:dollars|usd|us dollars)"
    ]

    return existence_check(text, symbols, err, msg)
Query: python last modified datetime

def last_modified_date(filename):
    """Last modified timestamp as a UTC datetime"""
    mtime = os.path.getmtime(filename)
    dt = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(mtime)
    return dt.replace(tzinfo=pytz.utc)
Query: wcompare two lisrs and return common elements in python

def get_common_elements(list1, list2):
    """find the common elements in two lists.  used to support auto align
        might be faster with sets

    Parameters
    ----------
    list1 : list
        a list of objects
    list2 : list
        a list of objects

    Returns
    -------
    list : list
        list of common objects shared by list1 and list2
        
    """
    #result = []
    #for item in list1:
    #    if item in list2:
    #        result.append(item)
    #Return list(set(list1).intersection(set(list2)))
    set2 = set(list2)
    result = [item for item in list1 if item in set2]
    return result
Query: change gui window title python

def title(msg):
    """Sets the title of the console window."""
    if sys.platform.startswith("win"):
        ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTitleW(tounicode(msg))
Query: python unique items of a list

def unique_items(seq):
    """Return the unique items from iterable *seq* (in order)."""
    seen = set()
    return [x for x in seq if not (x in seen or seen.add(x))]
Query: return largest subsequence in python

def get_longest_orf(orfs):
    """Find longest ORF from the given list of ORFs."""
    sorted_orf = sorted(orfs, key=lambda x: len(x['sequence']), reverse=True)[0]
    return sorted_orf
Query: how to merge two object in python

def dictmerge(x, y):
    """
    merge two dictionaries
    """
    z = x.copy()
    z.update(y)
    return z
Query: python hashlib of entire file

def _hash_the_file(hasher, filename):
    """Helper function for creating hash functions.

    See implementation of :func:`dtoolcore.filehasher.shasum`
    for more usage details.
    """
    BUF_SIZE = 65536
    with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
        buf = f.read(BUF_SIZE)
        while len(buf) > 0:
            hasher.update(buf)
            buf = f.read(BUF_SIZE)
    return hasher
Query: python output colors from a string

def write_color(string, name, style='normal', when='auto'):
    """ Write the given colored string to standard out. """
    write(color(string, name, style, when))
Query: python compress leading whitespace

def clean_whitespace(string, compact=False):
    """Return string with compressed whitespace."""
    for a, b in (('\r\n', '\n'), ('\r', '\n'), ('\n\n', '\n'),
                 ('\t', ' '), ('  ', ' ')):
        string = string.replace(a, b)
    if compact:
        for a, b in (('\n', ' '), ('[ ', '['),
                     ('  ', ' '), ('  ', ' '), ('  ', ' ')):
            string = string.replace(a, b)
    return string.strip()
Query: python check for numeric type

def is_numeric_dtype(dtype):
    """Return ``True`` if ``dtype`` is a numeric type."""
    dtype = np.dtype(dtype)
    return np.issubsctype(getattr(dtype, 'base', None), np.number)
Query: python cast hex string to int

def hex_to_int(value):
    """
    Convert hex string like "\x0A\xE3" to 2787.
    """
    if version_info.major >= 3:
        return int.from_bytes(value, "big")
    return int(value.encode("hex"), 16)
Query: get sort indexes in a list python

def _index_ordering(redshift_list):
        """

        :param redshift_list: list of redshifts
        :return: indexes in acending order to be evaluated (from z=0 to z=z_source)
        """
        redshift_list = np.array(redshift_list)
        sort_index = np.argsort(redshift_list)
        return sort_index
Query: datetime to epoch python2

def _dt_to_epoch(dt):
        """Convert datetime to epoch seconds."""
        try:
            epoch = dt.timestamp()
        except AttributeError:  # py2
            epoch = (dt - datetime(1970, 1, 1)).total_seconds()
        return epoch
Query: opening a serial port in python

def do_serial(self, p):
		"""Set the serial port, e.g.: /dev/tty.usbserial-A4001ib8"""
		try:
			self.serial.port = p
			self.serial.open()
			print 'Opening serial port: %s' % p
		except Exception, e:
			print 'Unable to open serial port: %s' % p
Query: python remove elements from list not match regex

def not_matching_list(self):
        """
        Return a list of string which don't match the
        given regex.
        """

        pre_result = comp(self.regex)

        return [x for x in self.data if not pre_result.search(str(x))]
Query: xor two bytearrays python

def xor(a, b):
        """Bitwise xor on equal length bytearrays."""
        return bytearray(i ^ j for i, j in zip(a, b))
Query: how to drop all columns with string values python

def _drop_str_columns(df):
    """

    Parameters
    ----------
    df : DataFrame

    Returns
    -------

    """
    str_columns = filter(lambda pair: pair[1].char == 'S', df._gather_dtypes().items())
    str_column_names = list(map(lambda pair: pair[0], str_columns))

    return df.drop(str_column_names)
Query: using a data file as a data source python

def get_data_table(filename):
  """Returns a DataTable instance built from either the filename, or STDIN if filename is None."""
  with get_file_object(filename, "r") as rf:
    return DataTable(list(csv.reader(rf)))
Query: python tokenize string by spaces

def tokenize(string):
    """Match and yield all the tokens of the input string."""
    for match in TOKENS_REGEX.finditer(string):
        yield Token(match.lastgroup, match.group().strip(), match.span())
Query: python get the object address

def objectproxy_realaddress(obj):
    """
    Obtain a real address as an integer from an objectproxy.
    """
    voidp = QROOT.TPython.ObjectProxy_AsVoidPtr(obj)
    return C.addressof(C.c_char.from_buffer(voidp))
Query: python pywin32 screenshoot refresh

def win32_refresh_window(cls):
        """
        Call win32 API to refresh the whole Window.

        This is sometimes necessary when the application paints background
        for completion menus. When the menu disappears, it leaves traces due
        to a bug in the Windows Console. Sending a repaint request solves it.
        """
        # Get console handle
        handle = windll.kernel32.GetConsoleWindow()

        RDW_INVALIDATE = 0x0001
        windll.user32.RedrawWindow(handle, None, None, c_uint(RDW_INVALIDATE))
Query: use input and string tohether in python

def get_input(input_func, input_str):
    """
    Get input from the user given an input function and an input string
    """
    val = input_func("Please enter your {0}: ".format(input_str))
    while not val or not len(val.strip()):
        val = input_func("You didn't enter a valid {0}, please try again: ".format(input_str))
    return val
Query: python lower all elements in list

def gen_lower(x: Iterable[str]) -> Generator[str, None, None]:
    """
    Args:
        x: iterable of strings

    Yields:
        each string in lower case
    """
    for string in x:
        yield string.lower()
Query: python remap image to uint8

def uint32_to_uint8(cls, img):
        """
        Cast uint32 RGB image to 4 uint8 channels.
        """
        return np.flipud(img.view(dtype=np.uint8).reshape(img.shape + (4,)))
Query: python latex to png

def print_display_png(o):
    """
    A function to display sympy expression using display style LaTeX in PNG.
    """
    s = latex(o, mode='plain')
    s = s.strip('$')
    # As matplotlib does not support display style, dvipng backend is
    # used here.
    png = latex_to_png('$$%s$$' % s, backend='dvipng')
    return png
Query: python close a file if it is open

def file_read(filename):
    """Read a file and close it.  Returns the file source."""
    fobj = open(filename,'r');
    source = fobj.read();
    fobj.close()
    return source
Query: python calculate sigmoid function

def elliot_function( signal, derivative=False ):
    """ A fast approximation of sigmoid """
    s = 1 # steepness
    
    abs_signal = (1 + np.abs(signal * s))
    if derivative:
        return 0.5 * s / abs_signal**2
    else:
        # Return the activation signal
        return 0.5*(signal * s) / abs_signal + 0.5
Query: python index of last string

def _rindex(mylist: Sequence[T], x: T) -> int:
    """Index of the last occurrence of x in the sequence."""
    return len(mylist) - mylist[::-1].index(x) - 1
Query: how to read yaml file from python

def load_yaml(filepath):
    """Convenience function for loading yaml-encoded data from disk."""
    with open(filepath) as f:
        txt = f.read()
    return yaml.load(txt)
Query: python test if key exists in jso

def has_key(cls, *args):
        """
        Check whether flyweight object with specified key has already been created.

        Returns:
            bool: True if already created, False if not
        """
        key = args if len(args) > 1 else args[0]
        return key in cls._instances
Query: format string with *args python

def safe_format(s, **kwargs):
  """
  :type s str
  """
  return string.Formatter().vformat(s, (), defaultdict(str, **kwargs))
Query: python parse true or false

def _parse_boolean(value, default=False):
    """
    Attempt to cast *value* into a bool, returning *default* if it fails.
    """
    if value is None:
        return default
    try:
        return bool(value)
    except ValueError:
        return default
Query: python inner join data frames

def _join(verb):
    """
    Join helper
    """
    data = pd.merge(verb.x, verb.y, **verb.kwargs)

    # Preserve x groups
    if isinstance(verb.x, GroupedDataFrame):
        data.plydata_groups = list(verb.x.plydata_groups)
    return data
Query: python compare ints in sets

def isetdiff_flags(list1, list2):
    """
    move to util_iter
    """
    set2 = set(list2)
    return (item not in set2 for item in list1)
Query: python set add iterable

def update(self, iterable):
        """
        Return a new PSet with elements in iterable added

        >>> s1 = s(1, 2)
        >>> s1.update([3, 4, 4])
        pset([1, 2, 3, 4])
        """
        e = self.evolver()
        for element in iterable:
            e.add(element)

        return e.persistent()
Query: python delete variable from globals

def clear_global(self):
        """Clear only any cached global data.

        """
        vname = self.varname
        logger.debug(f'global clearning {vname}')
        if vname in globals():
            logger.debug('removing global instance var: {}'.format(vname))
            del globals()[vname]
Query: python get the name of an object as string

def class_name(obj):
    """
    Get the name of an object, including the module name if available.
    """

    name = obj.__name__
    module = getattr(obj, '__module__')

    if module:
        name = f'{module}.{name}'
    return name
Query: str to timestamp data type python

def is_timestamp(instance):
    """Validates data is a timestamp"""
    if not isinstance(instance, (int, str)):
        return True
    return datetime.fromtimestamp(int(instance))
Query: python turn json into a dictionary

def _unjsonify(x, isattributes=False):
    """Convert JSON string to an ordered defaultdict."""
    if isattributes:
        obj = json.loads(x)
        return dict_class(obj)
    return json.loads(x)
Query: how to multiply object in list python

def multiply(self, number):
        """Return a Vector as the product of the vector and a real number."""
        return self.from_list([x * number for x in self.to_list()])
Query: how to make linspace integer in python

def to_linspace(self):
        """
        convert from arange to linspace
        """
        num = int((self.stop-self.start)/(self.step))
        return Linspace(self.start, self.stop-self.step, num)