public static int toInt(byte[] data) {
	    if (data == null || data.length != 4) return 0x0;
	    // ----------
	    return (int)( // NOTE: type cast not necessary for int
	            (0xff & data[0]) << 24  |
	            (0xff & data[1]) << 16  |
	            (0xff & data[2]) << 8   |
	            (0xff & data[3]) << 0
	            );
	}