ghanaopendata/ghanaian-research-english huggingface dataset:
Compounding in Sɩsaalɩ

Words are the building blocks of language and “knowing the structure of words and their formation in a language empower speakers to form new words in the language without violating the morphotactics of that language” (Lawer 2017, p. 1). The morphology of Sɩsaalɩ is yet to receive the attention it deserves. Consequently, considering the importance of compounding as an interesting linguistic phenomenon, this study explores the phenomenon in Sɩsaalɩ to unravel the nature of compounding in the language and to distinguish compounds from other complex structures like NPs and derived nominals in the language. Data for the study is drawn from electronic media (radio discussions), interactions with speakers of Sɩsaalɩ, books and documents in Sɩsaalɩ. This was augmented by the native speaker intuition and introspection of the researcher. The study reveals that, the syntactic constituents of Sɩsaalɩ compounds include Noun-Noun, Noun-Adjective, Verb-Verb, Noun-Verb, Noun-Verb-Noun, Noun-Noun-Adjective. It is also observed that there exit personal names in Sɩsaalɩ that are compounds which constituents are a combination of different syntactic categories. It is revealed that, in Sɩsaalɩ, N-N compounds are nominal and the most prevalent forms of compounds. It is observed that, there exist both endocentric and exocentric compounds in Sɩsaalɩ. The endocentric compounds in Sɩsaalɩ could right-headed or co-ordinate despite the existence of a few left-headed ones. Using Construction Morphology, it is claimed that the semantic relation between the constituents of Sɩsaalɩ compounds are subjective to the syntactic constituents. The phonological processes that are involved the compounding is also looked at. It is observed that, some phonological processes that occur in Sɩsaalɩ compounding include: vowel harmony, homorganic nasal assimilation, vowel elision segment deletion and syllable deletion

Source: UEW
Computational study of two phase flow in pressure swirl atomizer using entirely Eulerian model

Atomizers are used in many engineering applications including spray combustion in furnaces, diesel engines, gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines and gas turbine engines. They are also commonly used in applying agricultural chemicals to crops, paint spraying, food processing and cooling of nuclear cores. Pressure swirl atomizers occupy a special position amongst other atomizers because they differ in quality of atomization, simplicity of construction, reliability and low pumping power requirements. Turbulent mixing of liquid and gas in these atomizers is indispensable considerations in the process of atomization. This paper presents a recent Eulerian modelling of two-phase flow in a pressure swirl atomizer using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) STAR-CD code in order to assess its capabilities. In this novel ?-Y-liq atomisation model, an Eulerian description is applied to solve the two-phase flow assuming both liquid and gas phases as a single continuum with high-density variation at large Reynolds and Weber numbers. The transport equations for the liquid mass fraction and interfacial surface density as well as the average density of the liquid and gas phases are modelled, liquid dispersion correctly captured and their numerical results presented. The standard k-? turbulence model accurately captured the effects of turbulence in the flow. The results also show atomization characteristics such as droplet velocity and predicted droplet Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) with reasonable order-of-magnitudes. Parametric studies were conducted to analyse the influence of liquid viscosity, surface tension, atomizer exit orifice diameter on the spray droplet Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) at different locations on the spray centreline and radial distances from the symmetry line of the atomizer. The results show reduction in the droplet Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) for the model as these liquid properties and design variable decrease. � 2018 Author(s).

Source: UEW
Computational turbulent flow characteristics in a centrifugal pump

This investigation provides the 3D numerical simulations of a six-blade centrifugal pump that is commonly applied in agriculture and food processing sectors. The simulations were carried out using the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The k-omega turbulence model was used as a closure for the equations. The velocity and pressure flow fields were used to predict the turbulent flows in the pump under three different operating conditions (part-load 0.8Qd, design 1.0 Qd, and overload 1.2 Qd). The omega vortex identification criterion was further applied to visualize the coherent vortex structures in the impeller and volute at the investigated flow conditions. The impeller eye was characterized with the lowest static pressure fields causing this region to be highly susceptible to cavitation under all flow conditions. At the design point, the velocity vectors were orderly patterned along the blade flow curvature. However, flow separation occurred around the leading edge mainly due to the fact that the flow is non-tangential to the leading edge of the blade as a result of the unsteady effect developed upstream. In conclusion, it can be confirmed that the volute geometry is highly sensitive to the evolution and formation of vortices as revealed by the omega vortex criterion. This work reveals that the design of the volute geometry should be further improved to mitigate unsteady flow losses. Again, this kind of study helps reduce the required experimental measurements for the improvement and design of hydraulic machines. � 2022 Author(s).

Source: UEW
Computer self-efficacy among senior high school teachers in Ghana and the functionality of demographic variables on their computer self-efficacy

The study is aimed at investigating 1) the level of computer self-efficacy among public senior high school (SHS) teachers in Ghana and 2) the functionality of teachers' age, gender, and computer experiences on their computer self-efficacy. Four hundred and Seven (407) SHS teachers were used for the study. The �Computer Self- Efficacy� (CSE) scale, developed by Teo and Koh (2010) was adapted and used for data collection. Descriptive statistics, t tests and univariate analyses were employed to analyse the data. The results showed that generally, SHS teachers neither disagree nor agree that they are computer self-efficacious; specifically they agree that they are self-efficacious in basic computer skills but not certain about their self-efficacy in web based skills and not self-efficacious in media related computer skills. Moreover, the results revealed that teachers' age, gender, and computer experiences have similar and dissimilar influences on their computer self-efficacy related to different computer application software. Furthermore, according to the results, teachers' gender and their computer experience have interaction effect on their computer self-efficacy whilst 1) teachers' gender and age and 2) teachers' age and computer experience have no statistically significant interaction effect on their computer selfefficacy. The study provides new and vital information for educational practitioners in Ghana. The findings suggest that xpecting teachers in developing country such as Ghana to teach with technology still remains as a very challenging issue which requires important attention. In addition, the study provides new insights into explanation for contradictory research findings of the effect of (SHS) teachers' age, gender, and computer experience on their computer self-efficacy in the literature. � The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology.

Source: UEW
'Computer' and 'information and communication technology': Students' culture specific interpretations

Given the use of information and communication technology (ICT) and computer as synonyms in ICT-integration research on the one hand, and the potential problems in doing so on the other, this contribution tries to gain insight in the understanding of the words computer and ICT in different settings. In five different countries (Belgium, Finland, Germany, Ghana and South-Africa) participants engaged in a word-association study. Each study addressed the following research question " Can the notion 'computer' be used as a proxy for the notion 'information and communication technology'? A word-association task with 'computer' and 'information and communication technology' as stimuli words was used in the different studies. Data gathering methods followed the same basic principles but were adopted to diverse contexts of study. In order to analyse the data a shared classification scheme was developed. A chi square test was used to check the similarities and dissimilarities of the categories. In the results, while similar associations are generated by the two stimulus words, it is also clear that computer has a more technical connotation and ICT a broader, more communication-oriented connotation. Different findings in the different cultural settings constitute a warning for na�ve use of culture-specific research instruments. � International Forum of Educational Technology & Society (IFETS).

Source: UEW
Computer- assisted instruction (cai) towards effective teaching and learning of nomenclature of cyclic hydrocarbons

The study investigated the effect of Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) towards the effective teaching and learning of nomenclature of cyclic hydrocarbons among KNUST Senior high school students at Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The research study adopted an action research design. The sample comprised 45 form 3 General Science 1 students who were selected on purpose. Students were given a questionnaire to examine their prior conception of organic chemistry nomenclature. A week after, a pre intervention test was administered to the research sample to determine their academic performance in the nomenclature of cyclic hydrocarbons before intervention activities. Within the 4-week period students learned about cyclic hydrocarbons (cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes and cycloalkynes) through CAI for 2 hours each week. The instruction were videos, pictures, and animations to enhance their learning experience. After four weeks of intervention, students were given a post-intervention test to answer. Afterwards, the scripts were collected and scored to generate data for the post-intervention test. Two different sets of questionnaires were given to students to answer. One questionnaire assessed students' attitudes towards the use of computer-assisted instruction for the teaching and learning of the nomenclature of cyclic hydrocarbons, while the other questionnaire investigated the role of CAI in promoting active learning and enhancing students' engagement in the nomenclature of cyclic hydrocarbons. Data collected from the administration of these tests and questionnaires were organized and used to statistically test the null hypotheses that were formulated prior at a 0.05 significance level. The outcome of the study revealed that after intervention activities, students’ nomenclature showed they followed the IUPAC rules in naming cyclic hydrocarbons and were correctly done. CAI is an effective tool for teaching and learning the nomenclature of cyclic hydrocarbons, as evidenced by improved student conceptual understanding. Students generally have a positive attitude towards using CAI for learning the nomenclature of cyclic hydrocarbons, finding it effective and enjoyable. It is recommended that placing students at the center of the teaching and learning process is essential to actively involve them in the lessons in chemistry and also chemistry teachers should adopt CAI instead of traditional teaching methods when teaching chemistry concepts.

Source: UEW
Computer- assisted instruction (cai) towards effective teaching and learning of nomenclature of cyclic hydrocarbons

The study investigated the effect of Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) towards the effective teaching and learning of nomenclature of cyclic hydrocarbons among KNUST Senior high school students at Kumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. The research study adopted an action research design. The sample comprised 45 form 3 General Science 1 students who were selected on purpose. Students were given a questionnaire to examine their prior conception of organic chemistry nomenclature. A week after, a preintervention test was administered to the research sample to determine their academic performance in the nomenclature of cyclic hydrocarbons before intervention activities. Within the 4-week period students learned about cyclic hydrocarbons (cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes and cycloalkynes) through CAI for 2 hours each week. The instruction were videos, pictures, and animations to enhance their learning experience. After four weeks of intervention, students were given a post-intervention test to answer. Afterwards, the scripts were collected and scored to generate data for the post-intervention test. Two different sets of questionnaires were given to students to answer. One questionnaire assessed students' attitudes towards the use of computer-assisted instruction for the teaching and learning of the nomenclature of cyclic hydrocarbons, while the other questionnaire investigated the role of CAI in promoting active learning and enhancing students' engagement in the nomenclature of cyclic hydrocarbons. Data collected from the administration of these tests and questionnaires were organized and used to statistically test the null hypotheses that were formulated prior at a 0.05 significance level. The outcome of the study revealed that after intervention activities, students’ nomenclature showed they followed the IUPAC rules in naming cyclic hydrocarbons and were correctly done. CAI is an effective tool for teaching and learning the nomenclature of cyclic hydrocarbons, as evidenced by improved student conceptual understanding. Students generally have a positive attitude towards using CAI for learning the nomenclature of cyclic hydrocarbons, finding it effective and enjoyable. It is recommended that placing students at the center of the teaching and learning process is essential to actively involve them in the lessons in chemistry and also chemistry teachers should adopt CAI instead of traditional teaching methods when teaching chemistry concepts.

Source: UEW
Comtemporary fashion trends in men’s wear case study of Kumasi metropolis, Ghana

The study aimed at finding out the contemporary fashion trends in men’s wear in Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. The objectives of the study were to identify and describe the contemporary fashion trends in men’s wear in Ghana; to investigate into factors that influence the changes in the men’s wear in Ghana, and to find out measures that can be put in place to help ensure that fashion changes in men’s wear impart more positive effects on Ghanaians. The researcher employed the survey method using questionnaire for data collection which was used for the quantitative aspect of the study. The population of the study was centred mainly on Ghanaian men in Kumasi Metropolis. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 100 respondents as the sample size. Findings of the study suggest that the use of African wear, shirts appliqued with African prints, T-Shirts with the name or symbol of Ghana printed or embroidered in it, two buttoned suit with only one button for fastening it, Jeans with polo shirts and the use of skinny with polo shirts or long sleeved shirt are the contemporary fashion trend of men’s wear in Ghana. However, short pants with cow neck was not accepted as contemporary fashion trend in men’s wear in Ghana. Age, dressing of public figures, education, occupation, religious beliefs, celebrities’ dressing, fashion publications, journey to foreign countries, status in society, technology, economic situation, fashion forecasting and market research play a major role in today’s accelerated rate of change in men’s wear in Ghana. Based on the findings, conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made that Ghanaian men are now becoming fashion conscious and are getting interested in indigenous clothing because they evoke sense of maturity in them when they wear them. The men must there be properly educated by fashion experts on textiles and clothing so that they will be able to choose and wear clothing to suit their figure types and occasions.

Source: UEW
The concept of totemism in relation to conservation of certain species of animals in Jirapa municipality

The study examines the concept of totemism in Dagaaba clans in the Jirapa Municipality in the Upper West Region. Dagaare is a Mabia spoken language in Ghana. The research was conducted in four communities around Jirapa and its environment. The target communities were Sigri, Ullo, Sabuli and Jirapa Township. The researcher used purposive sampling technique to elicit the data. The instruments used to collect the data were unstructured interview and participatory observation. The ages of those interviewed were between fifty to sixty years old. The researcher used descriptive technique to analyze the data. In my work, I have also touched on how these animals are protected from being harmed. Dagaaba attach some seriousness to their totems because of the vital role they play to their entire clans. Though Dagaaba perceive totems to be their relatives, religious believers have a contrasting view. To them, they are satanic and this belief has affected the concept of totemism in the Municipality. To conclude, no clan exists without a totem in the various communities I visited.

Source: UEW
Conception of sickle cell disease in two selected senior high schools in the Adentan municipality

The purpose of this study is to investigate Senior High School students’ conception of the sickle cell disease (SCD). The study was conducted in two schools from the Adentan Municipality in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The total population of sample consisting of four hundred and twenty (420) was selected from two different Senior High Schools forms one and two students. The accessible population included ninety-six (96) from Delcam and Two hundred and thirty-five (235) students from West Africa SHS’s respectively. Twenty one instrument questionnaires were used to collect data. The data obtained from the survey were analysed with frequency counts and simple percentages using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17-2014 to validate the internal consistency with an Alpha Cronbach’s value of 0.991. The results gathered showed significant percentages of the population exhibiting misconceptions and alternative conceptions about the conceptual details of the Disease. The findings suggests that teachers must precede instruction by identifying students’ conceptions, misconceptions and alternative conceptions to help students understand the concept being taught. Finally, teachers are again encouraged to endeavour to focus on the long-term retention of knowledge of scientific concepts than what is being tested for.

Source: UEW
Conception of sickle cell disease in two selected senior high schools in the Adentan Municipality

The purpose of this study is to investigate Senior High School students‟ conception of the sickle cell disease (SCD). The study was conducted in two schools from the Adentan Municipality in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The total population of sample consisting of four hundred and twenty (420) was selected from two different Senior High Schools forms one and two students. The accessible population included ninety-six (96) from Delcam and Two hundred and thirty-five (235) students from West Africa SHS‟s respectively. Twenty one instrument questionnaires were used to collect data. The data obtained from the survey were analysed with frequency counts and simple percentages using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17-2014 to validate the internal consistency with an Alpha Cronbach‟s value of 0.991. The results gathered showed significant percentages of the population exhibiting misconceptions and alternative conceptions about the conceptual details of the Disease. The findings suggests that teachers must precede instruction by identifying students‟ conceptions, misconceptions and alternative conceptions to help students understand the concept being taught. Finally, teachers are again encouraged to endeavour to focus on the long-term retention of knowledge of scientific concepts than what is being tested for.

Source: UEW
Conceptions and misconceptions in addition of unlike fractions among students in Weto circuit public junior high schools in Afadzato south district of Ghana

The purpose of this study is to explore the conceptions and misconceptions of the learning of addition of unlike fractions among students in public junior high schools in Afadzato South District of Ghana. The study used the mixed method approach with sequential explanatory research design. Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 120 students in the Afadzato South District who were randomly selected after which 10 teachers were purposefully selected to be interviewed. The descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used in the study. The study revealed that students have a positive but moderate conception of the addition of unlike fractions. It also revealed that, students do not even understand the basic concepts of fractions as they have the misconception that fractions are always lesser than 1. It also revealed that, teachers use facts and procedures to solving fractional problems, rather than building a deeper understanding. This hinders students‟ ability to continue to understand more abstract, rational ideas. It is therefore recommended that the instruction needs is to be focused on, more than simply abstract forms of teaching.

Source: UEW
Conceptions of digital libraries: an African perspective

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to explore African conceptions of digital libraries from the perspective of the historical literature. This paper argues that the concept of digital libraries is a western creation and that there was a need for developing societies to develop their own conceptions to guide their own digital library development agenda. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is based on a literature review. The paper makes use of publicly-available literature on the theme of digital libraries from both the Western and African perspectives. The search terms used were �digital libraries�, �Africa digital libraries�, �electronic libraries�, �information communication technologies/libraries� and �institutional repositories�. A total of 89 publications were examined for this purpose. Findings: The analysis revealed that most of the initial digital library initiatives in Africa emanated from the west with African countries benefiting from international initiatives to expand access to information resources to bridge the global digital divide. However, due to a number of contextual challenges such as lack of sustainable funding and inadequate capacity and strategy, the development of digital libraries was hampered. Thus, even though digital libraries enjoy considerable goodwill, there remain negative conceptions of digital libraries in Africa. Practical implications: Information institutions in African countries must evolve a unified conception of digital libraries as this would largely drive the direction of digital library development towards achieving the developmental goals of the continent. Originality/value: The study applies the attributes of innovation to explain contextual factors shaping African conceptions of digital libraries. � 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Source: UEW