ghanaopendata/ghanaian-research-english huggingface dataset:
Government health expenditure and child health: empirical evidence from Wes

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of government health expenditure on the health of children (under-five mortality rate and prevalence rate of stunting) among West African countries. Design/methodology/approach –The study utilizes heterogeneous panel from the period 1990 to 2018 among 16 West African countries for the analysis. The effect of government health expenditure on under-five mortality rate is measured in per 1,000 live births while that of stunting is measured in percentage. The study employs Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation technique and Impulse Response Functions (IRFs) for the analysis. Findings – The results indicate that government health expenditure has negative effect on under-five mortality rate and prevalence rate of stunting in the long-run but not significant in the short-run. In addition, the IRFs result indicates that under-five mortality rate and prevalence rate of stunting both respond negatively to shocks in government health expenditure. Practical implications – Governments should ensure that inefficiencies in the public health sector are reduced by licensing the health workers of this sector and allowing independent bodies to appoint the heads of health institutions. This will improve the delivering of health services for the health of children. Originality/value – Previous studies carried out have not examined the short-run and long-run effects of the relationship under study among West African countries

Source: UG
Government of Sudan

The area with which we are concerned extends from the southern border of the Sudan to Kosti on the White Nile, from latitude 3° 30' N. to latitude 13° N. The tribal areas in which the effects of the Equatorial Nile Project will be felt directly are those on the banks of the main rivers, the Bahr el Jebel, the Bahr el Zeraf, the White Nile, and parts of the Bahr el Ghazal and the Sobat. They lie roughly between longitudes 29° and 34° East. The description of this area from the point of view of hydrology will have to include oth~r areas whose rivers run into and affect the Jonglei Area itself. For convenience, the topographical account which follows is divided into four parts, the first dealing with the main rivers, and the remainder with each of three natural hydrological divisions which are as fonows: (I) East of the Bah"l"el Jebel and south of the White Nile and the Sobat-the South-Eastern Area. (2) West of the BahT el Jebel and south of the BahT el Ghazal- the South-Western Area. (3) North of the White Nile to Kosti-the Northern Area.

Source: UG
Government rainwater harvesting initiative in northern Ghana and its impacts on local livelihoods and work-life balance: evidence from Savelugu Municipality

The “One Village One Dam (1V1D)” is a rainwater harvesting technology initiated by the Government of Ghana in 2017 to make water available all year round for animal watering, irrigation and domestic use in dryland areas in northern Ghana. However, scepticism about the potential of the 1V1D to stave off water stress and its associated impact on local livelihood activities is still prevalent in the country. This case study of Savelugu Municipality investigated the impact of the 1V1D on local livelihood activities and the work-life balance of women. Using qualitative data collection methods, 12 focus group discussions and seven key informant interviews were conducted in six communities in the municipality. The results showed that after >5 years of implementation, not much has been achieved for the intended purposes of the project, namely water for animal watering, irrigation and household consumption. Non-performance of the dams was attributed to engineering flaws like poor design and small size which often resulted in early dry out of the dams in the dry season. However, emerging activities like water commercialisation have provided a source of sustenance to water vendors. The services of the vendors save women time to fulfil the demands of work, family and

Source: UG
Government size, public debt and inclusive growth in Africa

A fixed effect regression model is used to examine the relationship between government size, public debt and inclusive growth for a panel of 54 African countries over the period 2000 to 2016. The findings from the study suggest that, the size of government has a positive effect on inclusive growth, and the extent of public indebtedness has a negative effect on inclusive growth, as well. It is further observed that improvements in inclusive growth work to promote levels of inequality-reducing growth. These findings indicate the need for policymakers in Africa to take the necessary steps to make growth more inclusive by ensuring optimal fund allocations, and optimal debt levels of public debt for each government is not breached.

Source: UG
Government size, public debt and inclusive growth in Africa

A fixed effect regression model is used to examine the relationship between government size, public debt and inclusive growth for a panel of 54 African countries over the period 2000 to 2016. The findings from the study suggest that, the size of government has a positive effect on inclusive growth, and the extent of public indebtedness has a negative effect on inclusive growth, as well. It is further observed that improvements in inclusive growth work to promote levels of inequality-reducing growth. These findings indicate the need for policymakers in Africa to take the necessary steps to make growth more inclusive by ensuring optimal fund allocations, and optimal debt levels of public debt for each government is not breached. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.

Source: UG
Government Stability in the Remittance-Economic Growth Link in Ghana

Several studies have revealed that many factors affect economic growth. Remittances and government stability have been identified as two of these factors. Over the years, remittances have become a major source of financial inflows, especially in Ghana. This study examines the role of government stability in the remittance-economic growth relationship in Ghana. Annual time series data from 1984 to 2020 was extracted from the World Development Indicators (WDI) and the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG). An ARDL model with a level structural break was estimated. The results show, first, that a cointegration relationship exists among the variables in the presence of structural breaks. Secondly, remittances and government stability have a significant, positive long-run impact on economic growth, while there is no significant impact of GDPPC and government stability on remittances was found. Thirdly, in the short run, remittances and government stability are not significantly associated with growth. The role of remittances in the economic growth of Ghana important. When remittances increase, economic growth will likewise increase. Government policy-making should create an enabling environment to channel remittances into productive uses, including entrepreneurial ventures. Remittances must be received through proper channels for easy accountability, and government stability should be complemented by good governance to further foster economic growth.

Source: UG
Government Training Institution for Teachers, Accra 1912-16

'I'he Government Training Institution, Accra, has now been in existence for over three years. 'I'he students who have passed through its courses are scattered throughout the colony, and, year by year more will go forth to their labours in the schools. We desire strongly that these students shall not for one moment think that their connection with the Institution was severed on the day they passed from its doors. Their presence here forged a link in a chain which we trust will long go unbroken. To strengthen that link is the modest ambition of this Magazine. The manner in which, it is hoped, this may be done has already been indicated in a circular letter addressed to all old students. It may not be out of place to allude briefly to it again. The magazine is neither for old students alone nor for present students alone, but for both. It will contain an account of the various activities and scholastic successes of those at present in the Institution. Similar information will be chronicled in the case of past students, details of whose successes will be gratefully acknowledged by the Editors.

Source: UG
Government’s ban on Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining, youth livelihoods and imagined futures in Ghana

Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) represents a vibrant sector that provides direct employment and income to many people particularly the youth. In Ghana, concerns about ASM related environmental challenges led the Ghana Media Coalition Against Galamsey to start the #StopGalamseyNow Campaign. This resulted in enormous pressure on the government to impose a ban on ASM in 2017. Drawing on data from interviews conducted with fifty-eight ASM workers in two mining districts in Ghana, this paper examines the effects of the ban on the livelihoods and imagined futures of young miners who were previously engaged in the sector and the ways they navigate their uncertain futures. What emerges strongly from our interviews with young people from a variety of backgrounds and experiences is that, while ASM is a key sector that allows young people to build their livelihoods (earn income, accumulate assets), the ban has fundamentally re-structured the landscape of opportunities, leading to both social and economic consequences for young people. The ban had meant that young people could not imagine a future of new beginnings and possibilities for improved life chances including continuing to accumulate asset, invest in residential plots and buildings, or finance the cost of migration of children abroad. Mobility and exploitation of ’near and distant opportunity spaces’ through the support of social relations enable young people cope with hardships brought by the ban. These findings have important implications for policies seeking to promote youth employment in Africa.

Source: UG
Government-Led digital transformation in FinTech ecosystems

In this paper, we report on a qualitative exploratory case study of a national-level government-led digital transformation. We depart from most studies on government digital transformation that largely focus on improving existing services, bureaucratic processes, or adopting emerging digital technologies. Instead, we analyze the process of a government-led digital transformation aimed at addressing significant institutional voids within a resource-constrained context. Drawing from 60 interviews with stakeholders in the Ghanaian FinTech ecosystem, we theorize the concept of digital branching strategy as an alternative lens to envisage government-led digital transformation that considers the resource-constrained context and characteristics of governments. Our findings show that governments, especially those in resource-constrained contexts, pursue digital transformation through exploring frugal innovations and leveraging established resources, structures, and relationships within an ecosystem. We subsequently develop a process model to explain the mechanisms of a national-level government-led digital transformation. Based on the findings and the model, our study offers critical insights to re-imagine government-led digital transformation in resource-constrained contexts by demonstrating how pursuing a digital branching strategy leads to planned and emergent outcomes because of the generative nature of the transformation

Source: UG
Graduate Students’ Perception and Utilization of Research Commons (Rcs) In the University of Ghana Central Library, Legon

The paper mainly focused on graduate research students’ needs and expectations in terms of use of facilities and services of a Research Commons (RCs) at the University of Ghana, Legon. The study used a survey data collection methods, using a convenient sampling to select a sample size of 200 out of 1,460 registered graduate student patrons of the RCs. In all, 190 completed questionnaires were retrieved, giving a response rate of 95%. The study shows that, on the whole, the RCs established barely six months ago is a great success and is putting the library back at the centre of graduate learning and research at the University of Ghana.

Source: UG
Grafting for sustainable management of Fusarium wilt disease in tomato production in Ghana

Fusarium wilt disease limits tomato production, especially in Ghana. In managing the Fusarium wilt disease, two rootstocks (Solanum torvum and Solanum macrocarpon) were used in grafting experiments. Plant growth, yield, disease severity and incidence of both grafted plants, and non-grafted plants were evaluated in a pot experiment and also under a naturally infected open field condition at Berekum. During the early stage (14 days after inoculation) under artificial inoculation conditions, grafted plants exhibited higher photosynthetic rates (10.41 μmol− 2 s − 1 ) compared to the non-grafted plants (8.36 μmol− 2 s − 1 ). Under naturally infested field conditions, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate of non-grafted plants decreased. Solanum lycopersicum grafted onto S. macrocarpon and S. torvum were moderately susceptible (20%–40%) to Fusarium oxysporum. However, the non grafted plants were highly susceptible (50%–100%). Yield from the pot experiment for S. lycopersicum grafted onto S. macrocarpon was significantly higher (453.1 g/plant), compared to S. lycopersicum grafted onto S. torvum (350.3 g/plant) and the non-grafted plant (205 g/plant). However, in naturally infected field, the grafted plants increased in fruit yield compared to the non-grafted tomato plants. Solanum macrocarpon and S. torvum as rootstocks offered resistance against F. oxysporum and showed significantly lower disease progression, than the non-grafted plants (P < 0.05). This study revealed that grafting is an effective tool for the management of Fusarium wilt disease and for tomato growth and yield improvement.

Source: UG
Grafting onto African eggplant enhances growth, yield and fruit quality of tomatoes in tropical Forest ecozones

Field experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Research farm of the University of Ghana Forest and Horticultural Crop Research Centre (FOHCREC), Okumaning-Kade to investigate the effect of grafting on growth, yield, disease resistance and fruit quality of tomatoes grafted onto two different African eggplant rootstocks. Two commercial tomato varieties ('Tropimech' and 'Roma') were used as scions and two African eggplant varieties ('Aworoworo' and 'Green') were used as rootstocks. The scion/rootstock combinations or treatments were 'Roma/Green', 'Tropimech/Green', 'Roma/Aworoworo', 'Tropimech/Aworoworo', 'Roma/Roma', 'Tropimech/Tropimech', and Roma non-grafted (control) and Tropimech nongrafted (control). The results indicated that, grafted tomatoes on African eggplant rootstocks performed better in terms of growth, yield, earliness, disease incidence and shelf life than non-grafted or control plants. Pooled mean data indicated significant differences in terms of percent fruit set, fruit number and weight among the treatments. Percent fruit set was higher for tomato on Africa eggplant (67.9) compared to the self grafted (58.7) and the control (52.6). Fruit number/plant and yield of tomato on the African eggplant was 16.2 and 1120.7g/plant compared to the control (10.8 and 916g/plant) while the self grafted had 13.2 and 1064.9g/plant, respectively. The shelf life of grafted tomatoes onto egg plant was significantly higher (25.4 days) compared to control (13.6 days). Grafting did not significantly affect Brix (%), pH and acidity of tomato. Grafted plants significantly recorded low disease incidence compared to non-grafted ones. The study indicated that the use of grafting on eggplant in the humid forest zone of Ghana can boost tomato production considerably.

Source: UG
Grain yield in Composite Cross Five of barley: Effects of natural selection

A range of three generations from each of three populations of Cambridge Composite Cross Five of barley spanning a period of 18 years of cultivation in Cambridge was evaluated for grain yield over 2 years in the field in 1991 and 1992. The design of the experiment was a randomized complete block with two replications. In 1991, the yield of the best composite cross generation was 78 % that of Atem, a commercial variety bred for N.W. European conditions. In the drought-affected year, 1992, three of the composite cross generations performed better than Atem. It is suggested that composite cross populations may be useful in deriving lines for low-input agriculture. © 2002 Cambridge University Press.

Source: UG
A Grammar of Logba (Ikpana)

The grammar covers phonology, morphology, syntax and aspects of pragmatics such as routine expressions, particles and interjections. The language displays three interconnected systems of nominal classification – prefix classes, singular plural pairings and agreement system. The interaction of external verb agreement and noun phrase internal agreement results in nine different agreement patterns. Other typologically interesting features of Logba accounted for include its two adpositional classes, verb serialisation with features marked only on the first verb, and the coding of topological relations in verbs. The influence of Ewe, the dominant lingua franca, on the grammar and lexicon as well as Logba’s differentiation from its presumed genetic relatives like Likpe and Lelemi are touched upon. A corpus of glossed and translated texts which was used as data sources as well as a trilingual wordlist are also included. This book is of interest to specialists in African linguistics, linguistic typology as well as contact linguistics

Source: UG
A Grammatical Description of Leteh Nominal Morphology

The paper describes Leteh nominal morphology within the framework of Basic Linguistic Theory (Dixon 2010; Dryer 2006). The nominal morphology is described in the context of two phenomena: number marking and noun classification. Leteh is a South-Guan language from the Niger-Congo family of languages. The morphology of Leteh is largely agglutinative. Güldemann and Fiedler (2019) argue that current analyses of gender systems are heavily influenced by those in Bantu languages and not cross-linguistically applicable. They propose an alternative analysis that includes the notions agreement class and nominal form class. In this paper I adopt the notion of nominal form class to classify nouns in Leteh. The nouns are grouped into four major classes based on the plural morphemes that they take. These classes are subdivided based on the singular forms with which they are paired.

Source: UG
The Grand Popo beach 2013 experiment, Benin, West Africa: From short timescale processes to their integrated impact over long-term coastal evolution

The first large nearshore field experiment in the Gulf of Guinea was conducted at Grand Popo Beach, Benin, in February 2013, on an open wave-dominated micro- to meso-tidal coast, located mid-way between Cotonou and Lome harbours. The overall project aims at understanding at multi-scale (from event to interannual) the causes of the dramatic erosion observed throughout the Bight of Benin, and caused by the interaction of a large littoral drift with human engineering works. Grand Popo 2013 experiment was designed to measure the processes over the short term and to test the ability of an installed video system to monitor the evolution of this stretch of coast over the longer term. The beach, characterized by a low-tide terrace and a high tide reflective part, experiences a long swell (Hs=1.6 m, Tp=16 s, oblique incidence ∼15-20°). Topographic surveys showed a double beach cusp system interaction and repeated surf-zone drifter runs revealed high flash and swash rip activity driven by wave dissipation over the terrace and energetic swash dynamics at the upper reflective beach. Swash was measured over a cusp system at two locations using video poles. Wave reanalyses (ERAInterim) were used to determine the wave climate and its variability, and to quantify sediment transport. This robust methodology is thought to be replicated elsewhere in different coastal environments in West Africa, in particular with the objective to monitor various sites within the framework of the new West African Coastal Observatory. © Coastal Education & Research Foundation 2014.

Source: UG
Grandmothers as gatekeepers? The role of grandmothers in influencing health-seeking for mothers and newborns in rural northern Ghana.

Previous research suggests that care-seeking in rural northern Ghana is often governed by a woman's husband or compound head. This study was designed to explore the role grandmothers (typically a woman's mother-in-law) play in influencing maternal and newborn healthcare decisions. In-depth interviews were conducted with 35 mothers of newborns, 8 traditional birth attendants and local healers, 16 community leaders and 13 healthcare practitioners. An additional 18 focus groups were conducted with stakeholders such as household heads, compound leaders and grandmothers. In this region, grandmothers play many roles. They may act as primary support providers to pregnant mothers, care for newborns following delivery, preserve cultural traditions and serve as repositories of knowledge on local medicine. Grandmothers may also serve as gatekeepers for health-seeking behaviour, especially with regard to their daughters and daughters-in-law. This research also sheds light on the potential gap between health education campaigns that target mothers as autonomous decision-makers, and the reality of a more collectivist community structure in which mothers rarely make such decisions without the support of other community members.

Source: UG
Granular Cell Tumour Of The Larynx: A Case Report

Review books or articles provide a critical and constructive analysis of existing published literature in a field, through summary, analysis, and comparison, often identifying specific gaps or problems and providing recommendations for future research. These are considered as secondary literature since they generally do not present new data from the author's experimental work. Review articles can be of three types, broadly speaking: literature reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. It also the researcher to stay abreast of new literature in the field.

Source: UG
Granular structure, physicochemical and rheological characteristics of starch from yellow cassava (Manihot esculenta) genotypes

This study examined the structural and physicochemical characteristics of starch isolated from seven yellow cassava genotypes. The structural properties of yellow cassava starch from these cultivars were elucidated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Their water interaction properties, digestibility and viscoelastic behavior were also compared, and principal component analysis was used to establish factors associated with the variability in properties of the starch. All the starches were of the A-type diffraction pattern, with crystallinity ranging between 31 and 37%. Most of the granules exhibited spherical and oval shapes, some with a flat surface on one side. They had smooth surfaces and their sizes ranged from 4 µm for round granules to 23 µm for the major axis of oval-shaped granules. Significant differences (p < .05) were observed in amylose content, in-vitro digestibility, peak and breakdown viscosity of the starches, and these ranged between 13.6–18.1%, 11.4–18.5%, 354–520 BU and 233–366 BU, respectively. Significant differences were also recorded in the hydration and textural behavior of starches from these cassava cultivars. The differences observed in granular and physicochemical properties are likely to influence the performance of these cassava cultivars in food applications.

Source: UG