ghanaopendata/ghanaian-research-english huggingface dataset:
Mobility and Access for Off-Road Rural Farmers in West-Akim District

The study is on the rural transportation problem in Ghana and its consequences on the rural people, especially those who live in off road villages (villages that do not have access to regular transportation systems). The study specifically discusses the failure of the existing road transport network to provide sufficient services to rural people in the count1y and its socio-economic consequences on the people living in such areas. It starts with the importance of transportation and the relationship between transp ort and development in general. It then continues with the main problem of the study which is the poor state of rural transport in Ghana, stating clearly the failure of road transport to provide adequate transport services for the rural people. The primary information was gathered in the field using different qualitative methods and questionnaire. In addition, second01y sources were used to support the primmy data collected in the field. Two villages from West-Akim District were used for the study: Owuarkesim, representing an off road village and Odjarde, representing a village which is fortunate to have a good road passing through it

Source: UEW
Modality use in the communication of health trainees and potential implications on patients the case of College of Health Kintampo

Health workers deliver care to sick people who are afflicted with pain due to deteriorating conditions. Hence, health professionals cannot downplay the effect of using English language structures that directly affect moods, emotions and conditions of patients. This study, based on the theory of integrative emotional communication, aims at investigating modality use by health trainees at College of Health and Well- Being, Kintampo, (CoHWK) and potential implications on patients. A qualitative approach was employed with corpus and cross-sectional study designs to examine 120 CoHWK students; and structured interview to study 30 patients at Kintampo Municipal Hospital who were selected using simple random and purposive sampling techniques. Data was analysed using thematic approach. Response rate was 100%. It was uncovered that modal verb use among the students’ needs improvement as a majority, 67 (55.8%) of the students used modal verbs only 11-20 times in their examination scripts. The least used modal verbs were: shall, 9 (0.6%) and ought to, 10 (0.7%). Should was the favourite for females and will, the favourite for males. Many errors, 89 (5.9%) were detected; some of the students misapplied will (50.6%) and would (30.3%). It was concluded that wrong modal verb use could have negative effects on the moods and conditions of patients as many, 18 (60%) of the patients indicated that the misapplication of must exacerbated by loud tones indicated command which offended them. It is recommended that the Academic Affairs Office of CoHWK should broaden the curriculum for teaching Communication Skills to include a comprehensive topic on modal verbs.

Source: UEW
A model to predict corporate failure in the developing economies: A case of listed companies on the Ghana Stock Exchange

The study aimed at developing a model that predict the probability of failure of companies operating in the developing economies using financial ratios and non-financial ratio. The logit model was the main statistical tool applied. A matched sample design was used. Three models were developed and compared; a model consisting of financial ratios only (Model 1), non-financial ratios only (Model 2) and both financial and non-financial ratios (Model 3). From the study, comparatively Model 3 is more efficient in predicting the corporate failure status in one year from now. Prediction of failure status of a corporate entity therefore should consider both financial and non-financial variables. JEL classification numbers: G3 Keywords: Corporate failure, corporate governance, logit model, log-likelihood, Ghana Stock Exchange

Source: UEW
Model-based prediction of the potential geographical distribution of the invasive coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) based on MaxEnt

The coconut mite Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae), is a destructive mite pest of coconut, causing significant economic losses. However, an effective pest management strategy requires a clear understanding of the geographical areas at risk of the target pest. Therefore, we predicted the potential global distribution A. guerreronis using a machine learning algorithm based on maximum entropy. The potential future distribution for A. guerreronis covered the 2040 and 2060 periods under two climate change emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5) in the context of the sixth assessment report (AR6) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The MaxEnt model predicts the habitat suitability for A. guerreronis outside its present distribution, with suitable habitats in Oceania, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. The habitat suitability for the pest will decrease from 2040 to 2060. The areas with the highest risk of A. guerreronis are those with an annual average temperature of around 25�C, mean annual precipitation of about 1459 mm, mean precipitation seasonality close to 64%, an average variation of daytime temperature of about 8.6�C, and mean seasonality of temperature of about 149.7�C. Our findings provide information for quarantine measures and policymaking, especially where A. guerreronis is presently still absent. � 2022 Royal Entomological Society.

Source: UEW
Modeling and Analysis of Breast Cancer with Adverse Reactions of Chemotherapy Treatment through Fractional Derivative

The abnormal growth of cells in the breast is called malignancy or breast cancer; it is a life-threatening and dangerous cancer in women around the world. In the treatment of cancer, the doctors apply different techniques to stop cancer cell development, remove cancer cells through surgery, or kill cancer cells. In chemotherapy treatment, powerful drugs are used to kill abnormal cells; however, it has adverse reactions on the patient heart which is called cardiotoxicity. In this paper, we formulate the dynamics of cancer in the breast with adverse reactions of chemotherapy treatment on the heart of a patient in the fractional framework to visualize its dynamical behaviour. We listed the fundamental results of the fractional calculus for the analysis of our model. The model is then analyzed for the basic properties, and the existence and uniqueness of the proposed breast cancer system are investigated through fixed point theory. Furthermore, the Adams-Bashforth numerical technique is presented for the solution of fractional-order system to illustrate the time series of breast cancer model. The dynamical behaviour of different stages of breast cancer is then highlighted numerically to show the effect of fractional-order ? and to visualize the role of input parameter on the dynamics of breast cancer. � 2022 Tao-Qian Tang et al.

Source: UEW
Modeling students' mathematics achievement and performance through teaching quality: SERVQUAL perspective

Purpose: This study explored the effect of mathematics teaching quality on mathematics achievement among undergraduate students, using the SERVQUAL model. Design/methodology/approach: The sample comprised of 320 first-year undergraduate students of a public university in Ghana. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was run in Amos (v.23) to test the various hypotheses. Findings: The study concluded that the tangible aspect of the SERVQUAL model (service quality), which is very instrument in some service industries such as the airline, had no significant effect on mathematics achievement. Mathematics teaching reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy, however, had significant positive effects on mathematics achievement among undergraduate students. Research limitations/implications: The study assessed the effects of the individual dimensions of SERVQUAL on mathematics achievement, and it was realized that the tangible dimension had no significant effect. Tangibles may however compliment the other dimensions and is therefore imperative to also assess the effect of service quality (as a higher/second order variable) with the five dimensions as its first-order variables. Practical implications: Human resources (lecturers) were seen as a strategic tool in enhancing students' academic performance and mathematics performance to be specific. Management of universities is therefore expected to invest in building, training and developing their human resources for an enhanced academic performance of students, especially in mathematics. Originality/value: Although some past studies have applied SERVQUAL to teaching and learning researches, attention was largely focused on the measurement or assessment of teaching quality using SERVQUAL, with little attention on the effect of SERVQUAL on an outcome variable. � 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Source: UEW
Modeling the dynamic nexus among CO2 emissions, fossil energy usage, and human development in East Africa: new insight from the novel DARDL simulation embeddedness

This study investigates the relationship among CO2 emissions, human development index, and fossil energy usage. Essentially, the study was informed by the Sustainable Development Goal 7, which stipulates universal access to renewable and contemporary energy technologies. We employed the novel dynamic autoregressive-distributed lag (DARDL) simulations with a dataset spanning between 1980 and 2020 from East Africa Community (EAC). The study revealed that human development, access to electricity, and trade have a strong correlation with carbon emissions in the long term, whereas fossil energy usage and economic growth have a negative connection with carbon emission. On the other hand, in the short run, human development and fossil energy usage have a positive correlation with carbon emission, while economic growth and foreign direct investment have a negative correlation with carbon emission. Thus, policies that are tailored to enhance the political environment in East Africa are crucial to ensuring realistic access to clean and modern electricity. In relation to the environmental policy of the East African Community; this study advocates for measures to increase the availability of less harmful and renewable energy sources, as well as investments in energy-efficient technologies. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Source: UEW
Modeling the transmission dynamics of avian influenza with saturation and psychological effect

The present paper describes the mathematical analysis of an avian influenza model with saturation and psychological effect. The virus of avian influenza is not only a risk for birds but the population of human is also not safe from this. We proposed two models, one for birds and the other one for human. We consider saturated incidence rate and psychological effect in the model. The stability results for each model that is birds and human is investigated. The local and global dynamics for the disease free case of each model is proven when the basic reproduction number R0b &lt; 1 and R0 &lt; 1. Further, the local and global stability of each model is investigated in the case when R0b &gt; 1 and R0 &gt; 1. The mathematical results show that the considered saturation effect in population of birds and psychological effect in population of human does not effect the stability of equilibria, if the disease is prevalent then it can affect the number of infected humans. Numerical results are carried out in order to validate the theoretical results. Some numerical results for the proposed parameters are presented which can reduce the number of infective in the population of humans. � 2019 American Institute of Mathematical Sciences. All rights reserved.

Source: UEW
Modelling and simulation of a connecting rod of an internal combustion engine using finite element method

The connecting rod is one of the most important moving components in an internal combustion engine. It is the link between the piston and the crankshaft. Its primary function is to transmit the push and pull from the piston pin to the crankpin by so doing converting the reciprocating motion of the piston to rotary motion of the crankshaft. The main objective of this research was to design a connecting rod of an internal combustion engine for improvement in weight and cost reduction. The connecting rod was modelled using Autodesk Inventor 2017 software. The modelled connecting rod was then imported into Ansys for further analysis. Static structural and modal analysis were carried out on the connecting rod of the four different materials namely: structural steel, titanium alloy, grey cast iron and aluminium 7075 T6 alloy to determine the total deformation, directional deformation, equivalent elastic strain, equivalent Von Mises stress, maximum principal stress, minimum principal stress and the safety factor. It was found that Al 7075 T6 connecting rod has the highest deformation of 0.62979 mm representing36 % which was more than all the other connecting rods. Structural steel connecting rod was found to have the lowest deformation of 0.22733 mm representing 13%. Titanium alloy and Al 7075 T6 connecting rods were found to have the lowest Von Mises stress of 372.51 MPa and 375.52 MPa respectively. It was also found that the induced stresses in all the connecting rods were lower than the yield strengths of the materials. Al 7075 T6, Titanium alloy and structural steel connecting rods were found to have their maximum factorof safetyvalues of 15 which is good for the design. The weights of all the connecting rods for the four materials were compared and it was found that Al 7075 T6 connecting rod was lighter in weight than the remaining connecting rods.

Source: UEW
Modelling malaria susceptibility using geographic information system

Identifying and/or predicting the geography of malaria will help decision makers locate the particular area with the health problem, and to design area-specific interventions. Using GIS (ArcMap 10.1), a spatial analysis of environmental factors that contribute to the spread of malaria vector was conducted to develop a malaria susceptibility model that could be used in effective malaria control planning. The study first determined malaria susceptibility index and combined it with geospatial modelling to predict malaria susceptibility. Clinical malaria cases were then geocoded and tested to determine the accuracy of the prediction. The results show that 72.3, 24.5, 3.1 and 0.1 % of the clinical malaria incidence were found in areas that were predicted to have very high, high, low and very low susceptibility levels. Hence, the model, to a large extent, predicted malaria occurrences. The conclusion is that modelling such as this can help determine spatio-temporal prediction and mapping of malaria incidence to aid in the design and administration of appropriate interventions. � Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016.

Source: UEW
Modelling non-linear Spatial Market Integration and Equilibrium Processes in Hidden Markov Framework

Along the basic rationale of the Enke-Samuelson-Takajama-Judge spatial equilibrium theory and the dynamic conceptualizations made from arbitrage processes, the study explores regime-switching techniques in hidden Markov framework. This is motivated by complex non-linear structure inherent in market integration processes, which is derived from multiple equilibria conditions, and transaction costs constrained threshold autoregressive (TAR) effects. These place theoretical limitations on current time series empirical models that are applied in market integration studies. In equilibrium representation, the non-linearities imposed by both alternating rent levels and switching adjustment parameters are directly accommodated. Two synthesized time series market data sets of varying levels of non-linear structures are used to highlight the strengths and limitations of the Markov variants vis-à-vis the band-TAR models that have currently dominated market integration analysis. The former model could capture alternating adjustment processes implied by the relatively complex non-linear market data set while the later produced mixed results.

Source: UEW
Modelling spatial variations of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): evidence from a global perspective

In late December 2019, strange pneumonia was detected in a seafood market in Wuhan, China which was later termed COVID-19 by the World Health Organization. At present, the virus has spread across 232 countries worldwide killing 2,409,011 as of 17 February 2021 (9:37 CET). Motivated by a recent dataset, knowledge gaps, surge in global cases, and the need to combat the virus spread, this study examined the relationship between COVID-19 confirmed cases and attributable deaths at the global and regional levels. We used a panel of 232 countries (further disaggregated into Africa-49, Americas-54, Eastern Mediterranean-23, Europe-61, Southeast Asia-10, and Western Pacific-35) from 03 January 2020 to 28 November 2020, and the instrumental variable generalized method of moment�s model (IV-GMM) for analysing the datasets. The results showed that COVID-19 confirmed cases at both the global and regional levels have a strong positive effect on deaths. Thus, the confirmed cases significantly increase attributable deaths at the global and regional levels. At the global level, a 1% increase in confirmed cases increases attributable deaths by 0.78%. Regionally, a 1% increase in confirmed cases increases attributable deaths by 0.65% in Africa, 0.90% in the Americas, 0.67% in the Eastern Mediterranean, 0.72% in Europe, 0.88% in Southeast Asia, and 0.52% in the Western Pacific. This study expands the understanding of the relationship between COVID-19 cases and deaths by using a global dataset and the instrumental variable generalized method of moment�s model (IV-GMM) for the analysis that addresses endogeneity and omitted variable issues. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.

Source: UEW
Modelling the antecedents and consequence of consumer switching behaviour in Ghanaian mobile telecommunication industry

The paper proposed and empirically validated a theoretical model for explaining antecedents and consequence of consumer switching intentions in the mobile telecommunication service context. The proposed model was validated with data from 736 subscribers of six global providers of telecommunication services. Results indicate that the proposed model explains 59% of switching intentions; all antecedents under push, pull and three types of mooring effects significantly influence switching intentions. Switching intention was found to negatively affect loyalty and recommendation behaviour, but did not influence switching behaviour. The study provides theoretical extensions to the push-pull-mooring model of consumer switching. While the study is limited to the mobile telephony context, it offers a new theoretical model that enables marketing managers to fully conceptualise competing factors that affect consumer switching process.

Source: UEW
Modelling the effects of heavy alcohol consumption on the transmission dynamics of gonorrhea with optimal control

Alcoholism has become a global threat and has a serious health consequence in the society. In this paper, a deterministic alcohol model is formulated, analyzed and the basic properties established. The reproduction number R 0 of system is determined. The steady states examined and local stability is found to be both locally and globally stable. The endemic state exhibit three equilibra solutions. Furthermore, time dependent control is incorporated into the system in order to establish the best strategy in controlling the alcohol consumption and gonorrhea dynamics, using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. The numerical results depict that the best strategy to controlling gonorrhea is the application of the three controls at the same time. � 2018

Source: UEW
Models for predicting the density and compressive strength of rubberized concrete pavement blocks

The influence of rubber content within the range of 0-60% as the replacement for sand volume and water cement (W/C) ratio of (0.20-0.35) on the density and compressive strength of concrete pavement blocks (CPBs) was investigated. All the mixtures were proportioned with a fixed aggregate/cement ratio of 5.25. Based on the experimental results, the density and transformed compressive strength for rubberized concrete pavement blocks (RCPBs) were calculated by considering the dependent factors of rubber content and W/C ratio. Models derived based on the results from experimental work are proposed to predict the density and compressive strength of RCPBs. � 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Source: UEW
The moderating effect of instructional conceptions on the effect of powerful learning environments

This study aimed at experimentally investigating the moderating role of instructional conceptions on the effectiveness of powerful learning environments (PLE) designed in line with the four-component instructional design model (4C/ID-model). The study also investigated the influence of learning in a 4C/ID PLE on students' instructional conceptions. To achieve its goal, a study with a one by one by two pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design was done. Three functionally equivalent classes of students from three similar (secondary technical) schools were randomly exposed to three different treatments. The participants consisted of 129 (47, 41, 41) students. The treatments were one control group with a regular method of teaching, and two experimental groups: a 4C/ID PLE with ICT, and a 4C/ID PLE without ICT. The instructional conceptions questionnaire was administered both in the pre-and the post-test to assess students' instructional conceptions. Pre- and post-tests contain retention and transfer items. Technical teachers were trained to implement the interventions. In contrast to expectation, findings show no moderating effects of students' instructional conceptions on the learning environments. Finally, the results indicate that students' instructional conceptions positively change after implementation of the three interventions. The theoretical, research, and practical implications of the results for the instructional design and technology community as well as educational practice are discussed. � 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.

Source: UEW
The moderating role of it capabilities in the relationship between digital innovation and operational resilience

In the fast-paced, constantly-changing modern world, gaining and maintaining logistics excellence demands more effort. The main objective of the study is to investigate the moderating role of IT capabilities on digital innovation on operational resilience. Data was collected and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), version number 29.0.2 of 2024. The study sampled 100 respondents to represent the population using the convenience sampling technique. The findings of the study indicate that digital innovation is very essential to operational resilience. Also, the findings of the study show that IT capabilities have a positive and significant relationship with digital innovation and operational resilience. In addition, the findings of the study revealed that IT capabilities moderate the relationship between digital innovation and operational resilience. The study recommends that firms formulate policies that lays emphasis on strengthening digital innovation and IT capabilities, in order to impact more positively on operational resilience

Source: UEW