ghanaopendata/ghanaian-research-english huggingface dataset:
Reservoir Characterization of the Tweneboa, Enyenra and Ntomme (TEN) Field in the Deep Water Tano Basin Using Seismic Attribute Analyses and Geophysical Well Log Data

3-D Seismic data (Extended Elastic Impedance and reflectivity data) and well log data from five wells were used to characterize reservoirs in the Turonian and Santonian formations of the Tweneboa Enyenra and Ntomme field within the Deep Water Tano Basin. Seismic attributes such as Volume Attribute of Minimum Amplitude (VATMIN), amplitude (reflection strength) and coherency were considered and extracted from the 3-D seismic data. The extracted attributes were successful in delineating two hydrocarbon sand fairways (occurrence zones) labelled as Sovereign-1 and Sovereign-2 in the Turonian formation and one main sand fairway in the Santonian formation. Sovereign-1 sand fairway is a complex sinuous channel system with its sand depositions in a well confined to a relatively narrow channel axis. Sovereign-2 is a mid-slope channelized lobe with a less confined channel axis. Amalgamated straight to slightly sinuous channel system was delineated as the host of the sands in the Santonian reservoir. From the well data analysis, three main reservoir units denoted as R01, R02 and R03 were identified and correlated in Sovereign-1. R01 has average porosity of 17.33 percent, permeability of 183.75 mD, 79 percent hydrocarbon saturation and average net pay of 34 m. R02 has average porosity value of 17.13 percent, 144.45 mD permeability, 65 percent hydrocarbon saturation and 9.4 m net pay thickness. Porosity value of 15.6 percent, 75.5 percent hydrocarbon saturation, 120 mD permeability, and 8.5 m net pay thickness were recorded for R03. Similarly, two main reservoir units namely N01 and N02 were identified in Sovereign-2. N01 has porosity of 16.75 percent, 73.65 percent hydrocarbon saturation, 151.85 mD permeability and 37.3 m net pay. N02 has 17.9 percent porosity, 18.8 percent hydrocarbon saturation, 31.45 mD permeability, and net pay of 6.6 m. Reservoir quality analysis based on porosity permeability cross plot revealed that Sovereign-2 reserve was of good reservoir quality than Sovereign-1. The stock tank of oil initially in place (STOIIP) was estimated to be 456 MMbbl for Sovereign-1 reserve and 388 MMbbl for Sovereign-2 reserve giving a total of 844 MMbbl in the Turonian formation. The results obtained were good indicators for commercial production of hydrocarbons in the field. The petrophysical properties were not estimated for the Santonian sand fairway due to insufficient well log data within the Santonian interval. The Santonian sand fairway was considered unprolific with no well-developed petroleum system.

Source: KNUST
Resonance Position and Full Width Half Maximum in LSMO Thin Film Using FMR Technique

This thesis determines the temperature dependence of the FMR spectra, the angular dependence of the FMR signal and the magnetic property (resonance position and full width half maximum) of the resonance field of a 15 uc thick LSMO thin film sample on a single crystalline SrTiO3 (STO) substrate at 150 K and 9.75 GHz using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique. It was observed from the plot of the recorded signal versus the field (FMR spectra) at various temperatures (150 K, 200 K and 250 K) that as the temperature increases, the FMR spectra shifts to higher fields and this might be as a result of transition into the ferromagnetic state. The angular dependence of the FMR signal showed complicated phenomena at all temperatures and this might be due to the shape effects and other contributing factors such as misfit strain and crystal misfit in the LSMO thin film as discussed by other report. A plot of the resonance field versus the in-plane angle (when magnetic field is applied parallel to the thin film) showed a spectrum which was sinusoidal-like in nature with maximum and minimum curvatures. The resonance position and the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the 15 uc thick LSMO thin film sample were 1070.1875 Oe and 159.3125 Oe respectively. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) has also been observed in various unit cells of LSMO thin film for both simple width and simple position at 150 K and this observation of FMR has been used to confirm in-plane anisotropy of magnetic properties of LSMO/STO substrate which is as a result of distribution of anisotropies in the film. The 15 uc thick LSMO thin film displayed ferromagnetic resonance at 200 K and 250 K and this has also been confirmed by the surface plots.

Source: KNUST
A Resource allocation problem for Social Security and National Insurance Trust (SSNIT) and Home Finance Company Unit, Trust (HFCUT)

This thesis, being a proposal for SSNIT and HFCUT, aims at providing these institutions with an alternative way of allocating their limited resources over their areas of investment to ensure maximum total return In other words the thesis recommends to these two institutions some alternative ways of 5electing reasonably safe ventures and investing in them for maximum returns. A simulated joint resource allocation problem for the two firms involved is also considered to see if it would be profitable for them to engage in joint investments - We found that on the average, the optimal total return on investment per annum for SSNIT was ¢68,924.14M and we could say with a probability of 0.95 that this optimal value is bounded above by ¢389,644..7M. Similarly we found that on the average the optimal total return on investment for HFC-UT was ¢2,408.063M per annum and we could say with a probability of 0.95 that the optimal value is bounded above by ¢30713.96M. We also simulated a joint investment problem in which the projects and the resources of the firms were combined to see if the joint optimal return would be higher than the sum of the sep-rat optimal returns. First, we found that, on the average, the tta1 optimal return for the joint investment was ¢257,7399M per annum but with a probability of 0.95,could be said to be bounded above by ¢1,696,819M - Finally we found that, on the average the sum of the separate optimal returns was lower than the average optimal return from the joint investment. Hence we conclude that on the average it is much more profitable for the two firms to run a joint investment programme than to run their separate investment projects.

Source: KNUST
A Resource Allocation Problem for Two Commercial Companies in Ghana

This thesis is a proposal aimed at providing Companies with an alternative way of allocating their available limited resources over their areas of investments to ensure maximum total returns or revenue. Data were collected from the two Commercial Companies under consideration as regards their investment activities and their returns over a three year period. The data collected were fed into a model of a resource allocation problem and solved using Dynamic Programming. A simulated joint operations using the resources of the two Companies was also modelled a resource allocation problem and solved using Dynamic Programming It was observed that the Dynamic Programming solution lot both Companies under consideration gave higher returns than the real life performance of the Companies It was also observed that the Dynamic Programming solution for the simulated joint venture of the two Companies gave higher returns than the real life performance It is recommended therefore that the two Companies should use Optimization Techniques particularly Dynamic Programming to optimize their returns and that the two Companies could profitably go in for a joint venture subject to other socio-economic factors and that the joint Company should use Optimization Techniques particularly Dynamic Programming in allocating their resources.

Source: KNUST
Resource allocation problem for two financial institutions in Ghana

In this thesis data collected from the two financial institutions were utilized to set up and solve the Resource Allocation problem for each of the Banks, using Dynamic Programming. A simulation of a joint investment programme for the two Banks was carried out by setting up a hypothetical Bank C, owning all the Resources and Investments of the Banks. The Resource Allocation problem of this hypothetical Bank was then solved. It was observed that in Dynamic Programming solution the Maximum Optimal Returns (Profits) for the Joint Venture was slightly less than the sum of Profits made by each Bank separately This might therefore suggest that a Joint Investment Venture between the two banks is not advisable But the sum of the actual returns of the two banks in their current mode of operation is much less than the Optimal solution of the simulated combined problem provided by Dynamic Programming. Therefore there appears to be a case for a Joint Venture provided Dynamic Programming is applied in the allocation process.

Source: KNUST
Resource allocation problem for two beverage firms in Kumasi

The object of this thesis is the use of the Dynamic Programming Approach for the solution of the Resource Allocation Problem. In this thesis, data were collected from two beverage Firms in Kumasi. [Names withheld as this was the condition under which the data were provided. These two firms shall therefore be labelled as Firm A and Firm B]. The data were analysed, and a resource allocation problem modelled for each of the individual firms. A combined resource allocation problem was simulated for the joint operations of both firms. Dynamic Programming Approach was used for the determination of the Optimal Profit of all these resource allocation problems. TI was realized that. i) the two firms could optimize profits should they resort to the use Dynamic Programming for the allocation of their resources (ii) the two firms stand to make substantial increase in profit should they pool their resources and use the Dynamic Programming Approach for the allocation of their resources.

Source: KNUST
Resource Provisioning and Utilization in 5G Network Slicing: A Survey of Recent Advances, Challenges, and Open Issues

The increasing demands for higher bandwidth and lower latency in modern telecommunications networks have led to the exploration of network slicing as a means to meet these requirements more efficiently in next-generation 5G networks. Despite substantial academic interest in resource allocation and management in network slicing, existing research is dispersed and fragmented. This study presents a categorization and assessment of the latest research on resource allocation and optimization techniques in 5G network slicing. It also shows how advanced machine learning techniques can support resource management in sliced wireless networks. The present paper offers a complete overview and analysis of current solutions for resource allocation and management in 5G network slicing, outlines open research challenges, and suggests future research directions for researchers and engineers in this field.

Source: KNUST
Resource use efficiency among maize farmers in Ghana

Background: Despite the enormous importance of maize in Ghana, maize farmers in the country continue to experience low yields, making Ghana self-insufficient in the production of the crop. For maize farmers to be helped to increase productivity, the focus should not only be on whether or not they have adopted productivity-enhancing technologies, but it is necessary to carefully examine whether they are even making maximum use of the technologies or inputs available to them. This study analysed resource use efficiency for Ghana’s maize farms. Methods: The data used were obtained through a cross-sectional survey of 576 maize farmers in the Northern Savannah, Transitional, Forest and Coastal Savannah zones of Ghana using structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, stochastic frontier analysis and the ratio of marginal value product to marginal factor cost were the methods of analysis employed. Results: The results showed that generally, maize farmers in Ghana were inefficient in their use of resources available to them. Fertilizer, herbicide, pesticide, seed, manure and land were underutilized, while labour and capital were overutilized by the farmers. The results further showed that maize farmers in Ghana exhibit increasing returns to scale, indicating that the famers can increase their output by increasing the use of some of the key resources. Conclusion: Incentives and strategies aimed at encouraging farmers to optimize the use of fertilizer, herbicide, pesticide, seed, manure and land are recommended to ensure improved maize productivity in Ghana. Currently, incentives and strategies could take the form of better management by government of the current fertilizer subsidy programme and efficient input distribution through farmer-based organizations to ensure easy access by farmers.

Source: KNUST
Resource and technology assessment of cocoa pod husk for cogeneration

Agriculture contributes 35.4% of foreign exchange earnings while employing about 60% of the country’s workforce. Cocoa and palm nut are the major tree crops under production in the country. Cocoa production contributes about 13% of agricultural GDP (www.ghanareview.com). Current production, 2003/2004 cocoa season, stands at about 730,000 metric tons of dry cocoa beans. In extracting the cocoa beans, a lot of waste is produced in the form of the husk which can be a good source of energy for the generation of electricity. Currently, it is burnt to produce ash for soap making while the energy generated is not utilized for any activity. The objective of this project focused on the resource and technology of co-generating electrical and thermal energy from cocoa pod husk. The methodology used and the results achieved are presented and discussed. Four cogeneration technologies are considered and the assessment of cocoa pod husk availability is based on the quantity of cocoa beans produced and geographical distribution of cocoa farms, crop harvesting seasons, delivery cost and alternative uses. In the economic evaluation, the application for industrial and household purposes at the scale of 500 kW and 600 kW, respectively were assumed. Sensitivity analysis was carried out with respect to investment, fuel, grid electricity cost and discount rate on investment. It was realized that the investment cost is the main factor affecting the viability of the project. Also, discounted payback period of 12.1 years with 13.3% return on investment for the industrial application has been realized. The cost of energy generated using cocoa pod for rural electrification was found to be 0.067 $/kWh but reduces to 0.05 8 $/kWh at a discount rate of 6%. This competes well with the unit cost of 0.065 $/kWh and 0.094 $/kWh for the first 300 units of grid electricity for residential and commercial users, respectively. Cocoa production in the country is expected to continue in an increasing trend for the next 30 years, hence there will be enough cocoa pod waste to sustain the plant throughout its life time. Cogeneration of electric and thermal energy from cocoa pod husk is, therefore, a very competitive source of generating energy to supplement the Akosombo hydro and Takoradi thermal power plants.

Source: KNUST
Resource-use Efficiency in Cashew Production in Wenchi Municipality, Ghana

The study considered the determinants of cashew production with special reference to cashew production in Wenchi Municipality of Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana. Data collection was through well structured questionnaire administered on 140 respondents selected through random sampling technique. The methods of analysis used were descriptive statistics and production function analysis using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) criterion. Results showed that majority of the farmers were ageing and there was high level of illiteracy as about 61.4% of total respondents had no formal education. Results further showed that farm size, capital, fertilizer and pesticides are positively related to cashew output while labour is inversely related. Also, the farmers were inefficient in the use of resources. Land, fertilizer and pesticide were underutilized while labour and capital were over utilized. Farmers should be encouraged to increase the use of land, fertilizers and pesticides so as to increase productivity.

Source: KNUST
Respiratory viruses in children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection in Ghana

Background: Acute respiratory tract infections are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among young children in developing countries. Information on the viral aetiology of acute respiratory infections in developing countries is very limited. The study was done to identify viruses associated with acute lower respiratory tract infection among children less than 5 years. Method: Nasopharyngeal samples and blood cultures were collected from children less than 5 years who have been hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection. Viruses and bacteria were identified using Reverse Transcriptase Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction and conventional biochemical techniques. Results: Out of 128 patients recruited, 33(25.88%%, 95%CI: 18.5% to 34.2%) were positive for one or more viruses. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) was detected in 18(14.1%, 95%CI: 8.5% to 21.3%) patients followed by Adenoviruses (AdV) in 13(10.2%, 95%CI: 5.5% to 16.7%), Parainfluenza (PIV type: 1, 2, 3) in 4(3.1%, 95%CI: 0.9% to 7.8%) and influenza B viruses in 1(0.8%, 95%CI: 0.0 to 4.3). Concomitant viral and bacterial co-infection occurred in two patients. There were no detectable significant differences in the clinical signs, symptoms and severity for the various pathogens isolated. A total of 61.1% (22/36) of positive viruses were detected during the rainy season and Respiratory Syncytial Virus was the most predominant. Conclusion: The study has demonstrated an important burden of respiratory viruses as major causes of childhood acute respiratory infection in a tertiary health institution in Ghana. The data addresses a need for more studies on viral associated respiratory tract infection.

Source: KNUST
Responding to competition in the banking industry in Ghana: a case study of Barclays Bank Ghana Limited

The study assesses the incidence of competition in the banking industry in Ghana and how Barclays Bank of Ghana has responded to it. Purposive and quota sampling techniques were used; questionnaires and interview guide were administered to staff and customers of the bank to solicit the views on incidence, causes and benefits of competition and how the bank has responded to competition. An attempt was also made to find out whether competition affects the bank in any way. It was found in the end that competition is very ken and BGL has responded to it by changing its strategy to include the mass market which was hitherto neglected.

Source: KNUST
Response of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L) Verdc.) landraces to plant density and phosphorus application

Field experiment was conducted at the Plantation section of the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (6o 43/ N, 1o 36/ W) in the forest zone of Ghana, during the major season (May – September), 2008 to study the response of two bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L) verdc.) landraces to population density and phosphorus application. The experimental design was a 2 x 3 x 3 Factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Two bambara groundnut landraces (Mottled cream and Nav 4), 3 fertilizer rates (0, 20 and 40 kg P2O5/ha) and 3 plant population densities (30cm x 30cm, 30cm x 40cm and 30cm x 50cm) were randomized in three blocks to give a total of fifty-four (54) plots. The two varieties differed in their growth and yield components. Mottled Cream emerged earlier, flowered and reached maturity earlier than Nav 4. It also had greater 100-seed weight. NAV 4 recorded greater canopy spread and produced more shoot dry matter, pods per plant, greater pod dry weight and higher yield than mottled cream. Population density had significant effect on some growth functions such as leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate and seed yield with the densest stand of 11 plants/m2 (30cm x 30cm) producing the highest values. The results showed that phosphorus application did not have any significant influence on growth and yield components of bambara groundnut probably due to initial medium P levels in the soil. Following the responses of the landraces to the varying growth and yield components, it was observed that the performance of NAV 4 was significantly higher than Mottled Cream. It was also observed from the results that population of 11 plants m-2 is the best among the three population densities in both growth and yield characters. It is therefore recommended that farmers cultivate NAV 4 using plant density of 11 plants/ m2 in both subsistence and commercial farming in order to achieve maximum yield to contribute to food security in the country.

Source: KNUST
Response Of Bambara Groundnut Landraces To Heat And Drought Stress In The Guinea Savanna And Transition Zones Of Ghana

Field experiments were conducted at the Irrigation Company of Upper Region (ICOUR) in Navrongo, Upper East region; and the Agricultural Research Station in Wenchi, Brong Ahafo region between February and June 2007 to evaluate the response of five Bambara groundnut landraces to heat and drought stress. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications for the heat experiment and three replications for the other two experiments was used. The treatments consisted of five bambara groundnut landraces: Black Eye, Nav Red, Nav 4, Burkina and Tom. Data collected included leaf number; days to 50% flowering; plant height; canopy width; leaf, stem and root dry weights, leaf area and pod and seed yields. The Burkina landrace produced the greatest total plant dry weight and seed yield in the heat experiment. In the drought experiment, the same landrace produced the greatest root dry weight and total plant dry weight but produced no pod. Additionally, the same landrace produced the greatest seed yield at the experiment at Wenchi. This result indicates that the Burkina landrace showed the maximum tolerance to drought and heat stress. The Tom landrace was the least tolerant and produced no pod in the heat and drought experiments. In the Wenchi experiment, where all the landraces produced seed, the lowest seed yield was recorded in the Tom landrace. Under the conditions of this study, Burkina landrace can be recommended to bambara farmers for cultivation.

Source: KNUST
Resources for Teaching Art in Junior Secondary School

This research has been undertaken to assess the suitability of local resources for teaching art in J. S. S institution in Ghana. It has been specifically designed to provide and expose to all Art Teachers and students with basic guidelines on how to acquire and use resources form their environment in the teaching and learning of the Art. The project serves as a practical solution to some of the existing problem facing vocational Art Skills Teachers in J.S.S concerning resources for teaching and learning. Specific treatment and methodology on the application of local resources have been provided as a guide to teachers. These exercise have been made possible through literary materials, personal observations, interviews and experiment. It is hope that, this essay would be of invaluable help to both Art teachers and students especially those in the J. S. S Institutions

Source: KNUST