ghanaopendata/ghanaian-research-english huggingface dataset:
Habitat use pattern of three species of egrets in a small coastal lagoon in Ghana

The foraging and pattern of habitat use of Western Reef Heron Egretta gularis, Little Egret Egretta garzetta and Great Egret Egretta alba were studied in Sakumo II Lagoon in Ghana to determine the extent of utilisation of non-fish resources by these species, which compete with humans for fisheries resources. The species were counted in grassland and marginal water areas of the lagoon on the assumption that individuals found in the grassland area feed on non-fish resources, whereas those in marginal water forage on fish and possibly aquatic invertebrates. Average numbers of E. gularis and E. garzetta making use of the grassland were higher than those utilising the water, indicating preference for the grassland area. Egretta alba did not show a preference for either habitat. Catch per unit effort and swallow rates of each species were similar in grassland and water habitats, with the exception of E. alba, which recorded a higher swallow rate in grassland. It was concluded that the grassland habitats of Sakumo II Lagoon are important for ardeids, and that non-fish resources constitute an important food for ardeids in coastal Ghana, contrary to previous observations. © 2013 Copyright © NISC (Pty) Ltd.

Source: UG
Hackathons as a means of accelerating scientific discoveries and knowledge transfer

The Department of Immunology conducts research in the field of immunology of infectious and non-infectious diseases. The Department has the overall goal of contributing knowledge to better diagnosis, management, control and prevention of infectious and non-infectious diseases in Ghana and worldwide. This is consistent with the overall strategy of the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR) and in line with the strategy of the College of Health Sciences of the University of Ghana.

Source: UG
Hacktivism and its implications for international security in the 21st century

Hacktivists by their non-state and often transnational nature, can due to internet technology, sit anywhere in the world and put pressure on any government to demand transparency, accountability and protection of human rights among others. Hacktivism thus immediately presents a complex for states. States are increasingly facing political activism that is pursued not only by residents within the state but immensely aided by several faceless internet users across the world. Again, hacktivists in the name of promoting global public interest go to the extent of accessing classified state information and leaking them into the public domain. This deepens the complex posed by hacktivism to states. If the secret actions and intentions of a state are leaked, that state cannot be sure of the reactions of its citizens and the international community to the declassified information. While hacktivists claim that their activities promote global public interest, targeted states have often decried hacktivism as a danger to international security. The hacktivist thus is a modern actor that potentially changes the dynamics of the international system and as such is worthy of academic investigation. The budding literature on hacktivism however, has paid more attention to the usage of hacktivism as a tool of protest; the legality of hacktivism and the ramifications of hacktivism for diplomacy. In this light, this study redirects focus to the implications of hacktivism for international security, foreign policy formulation and the theoretical debate in international relations regarding how states behave

Source: UG
Haematological and biochemical reference values for healthy adults in the middle belt of Ghana

The Department of Immunology conducts research in the field of immunology of infectious and non-infectious diseases. The Department has the overall goal of contributing knowledge to better diagnosis, management, control and prevention of infectious and non-infectious diseases in Ghana and worldwide. This is consistent with the overall strategy of the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR) and in line with the strategy of the College of Health Sciences of the University of Ghana.

Source: UG
Haematological Aspects of Tropical Diseases

Rapid increases in worldwide travel mean that haematologists need to keep up to date with tropical diseases that can cause haematological abnormalities. This chapter covers tropical diseases associated with organisms in the blood or bone marrow (e.g. malaria, filariasis, sleeping sickness, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis) and diseases which alter the blood count or coagulation systems. This chapter not only describes the haematological abnormalities associated with these conditions but also provides an overview of disease epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and the haematological complications of treatment.

Source: UG
Haematological Cancers in African Children: Progress and Challenges

Cancer is increasingly important in low and middle-income settings where infectious diseases are declining. Childhood cancers treated in well-resourced centres have excellent outcomes with more than 80% survival. This success is not reflected in low-income settings where challenges involve every step on the care pathway. Access to diagnosis, delayed presentation, advanced disease, co-morbidities and underlying malnutrition make treatment difficult. Treatments are costly for impoverished families. Yet, the common haematological malignancies (Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, non Hodgkin lymphoma) are relatively easy to diagnose and, when managed with simple chemotherapy protocols, give limited but good results. As funding becomes available for cancer research we must ensure that the care and cure of these children is top of the agenda. There is already evidence of improved outcomes in middle-income countries. For others there is a long journey ahead.

Source: UG
Haematological parameters and lipid profile abnormalities among patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus in Ghana

Background Diabetes mellitus is a non-infectious disease that has a high prevalence worldwide. Altered level of many haematological parameters have been observed in patients with diabetes. The levels of lipids are also affected in diabetes by many factors since carbohydrate metabolism affect lipid metabolism. So far, very little work has been done linking haematological parameters and lipid profile in diabetics. The purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the haematological parameters and lipid profiles of patients with type-2 diabetes and to correlate the results. Method Three hundred and four (304) patients with type-2 diabetes with an age range of 28 to 70 years (171 males and 133 females) were recruited. About 5 ml of venous blood samples were collected from each participant after an overnight fast. A part of the blood samples was used to determine the lipid profile parameters and the other parts for the haematological parameters. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0 and Microsoft office excel (2010) for windows were used for the statistical analysis of the data. Pearson’s correlation were performed between haematological and lipid parameters. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results The means and standard deviation of all the lipid parameters except TC showed significant difference in both males and females. There was also proportional increment in LDL-C (in males), LDL-C and Triglycerides (in females) as the age of participants increased and the ratio of TC/HDL was higher in males. There was also significant difference in all of the haematological parameters between the male and female populations. Further, a strong, significant positive correlation between RBC and lymphocytes and lipid parameters was observed. However, the correlation between platelets, haematocrit and haemoglobin and the lipid parameters was negatively significant. Conclusion From the results obtained, it can be concluded that there is significant difference in lipid parameters between male and female diabetic patients. Levels of LDL-C and Triglycerides increased as the age of participants increased and the male population showed increased risk for coronary disease. Almost all of the haematological parameters examined differed significantly between the sexes. There was also, both strong positive and negative correlations between the haematological parameters and the lipid profiles.

Source: UG
Haematological parameters and their correlation with the degree of malaria parasitaemia among outpatients attending a polyclinic

Background Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by various species of the blood parasite Plasmodium; of all the para‑ sitic diseases, malaria has the highest prevalence and mortality with an estimated 247 million cases and 619,000 deaths recorded worldwide as of 2021. Malaria causes febrile illness with several changes in blood cell parameters. Some of these changes include leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anaemia. If these changes could be correlated with the degree of parasitaemia, it can serve as a guide to physicians when treating malaria. This study was therefore aimed at correlating haematological parameters with levels of parasitaemia during malaria infection. Methods The study was a cross-sectional study involving 89 malaria positive patients. About 5 ml of blood was col‑ lected from each participant who gave his or her informed consent to partake in the study. A full blood count was performed on their samples to determine their haematological parameters using a haematology auto-analyzer. A parasite count was also performed via microscopy to determine the degree of parasitaemia. The data obtained from the study was entered into a database and statistically analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and Microsoft Excel 2016. Results The study comprised of 89 participants out of which 35 were males and 54 were females with the mean age of 26.15 years. Secondary education participants were the highest with quaternary education the lowest. The highest parasite count recorded was 398,174 parasites/µl of blood, lowest count was 101 with the average being 32,942.32584. There was also a signifcant positive Pearson’s correlation between total WBC and parasitaemia and with the WBC diferentials, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes had positive correlations while eosinophils and basophils had negative correlations. Furthermore, platelets, total RBC’s, haemoglobin, MCH, MCHC and Hct all showed negative correlations. Linear regression also showed a linear relationship between parasite density and the various haematological parameters. Conclusion The linear relationship (correlation) between WBC and MCH were the only signifcant ones at 95% and 99% confdence interval, respectively based on a two-tail t-test. Also, based on the regression analysis, the changes caused by WBC and PLT were the only signifcant changes at 95% confdence level in a two-tailed t-test.

Source: UG
Haemodialysis Treatment For End Stage Chronic Kidney Disease And Acute Kidney Injury In Africa

In this issue of the journal Okunola and colleagues (page 4) report their experience of haemodialysis management of 180 patients with chronic kidney failure and 45 patients with acute kidney injury (formerly called acute renal failure) in Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital (LAUTECH), Osogbo, Nigeria.

Source: UG
Haemoglobin K Woolwich (alpha 2, beta 2 132 lysine leads to glutamine) in Ghana.

The Department of Immunology conducts research in the field of immunology of infectious and non-infectious diseases. The Department has the overall goal of contributing knowledge to better diagnosis, management, control and prevention of infectious and non-infectious diseases in Ghana and worldwide. This is consistent with the overall strategy of the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR) and in line with the strategy of the College of Health Sciences of the University of Ghana.

Source: UG
Hafnium Dinitride/Poly(9-Vinylcarbazole) Heterojunction: Structural, Electronic, Optical And Vibrational Properties. A DFT And DFPT Study.

Photosensitivity of semiconducting polymers can be enhanced by blending donor and acceptor polymers to optimize photoinduced charge separation. With a motivation to understand microscopic aspects of HfN2 and PVK relevant to optoelectronic properties of transition metal-dinitride/semiconductor interfaces, we examined their structural, electronic, optical and vibrational properties using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) levels of theory. We computed a large direct energy gap of 3.751 eV for PVK and an indirect narrow band gap of 1.396 eV in HfN2. The gap value computed for the composite structure, HfN2/PVK, was 0.958 eV. The heterojunction displayed an indirect energy gap. The charge transfer between HfN2 and PVK results in a polarized field within the interface region, which will benefit the separation of photogenerated carriers. The calculated density of electronic states, Lowdin charge transfer and charge density difference certify that this proposed layered nanoheterojunction is an excellent light-harvesting semiconductor. These findings indicate that the conjugated polymer PVK is a promising candidate as a non-noble metal co-catalyst for HfN2 photocatalysis. It also provides useful information for understanding the observed enhanced photocatalytic mechanisms in experiments.

Source: UG
Haggling over graves and shrines: The intersection of archaeology, the community, and dam authorities at the Bui dam area in Ghana

This article discusses the important roles that archaeologists can play in development projects that affect the history and culture of indigenous people who live around a project site. It discusses the salvage archaeology that was done at one site, the Bui hydro-electric dam in Ghana, even though dam authorities refused, at first, to allow it. The article discusses how, through salvage work, archaeologists became cultural brokers and successfully mediated the ‘conflict’ between the Bui Dam Authority (BPA) and the affected communities. Community members were threatening not to relocate until their shrines and ancestral burials were relocated, which could have disrupted the construction activities of the dam and the project schedule. The relocation of the shrines and the burials revealed the importance of community spaces shared by the dead and the living, and showed how essential it is to be physically and spiritually invested in life and death.

Source: UG
Hair zinc status and its correlation with height indicator in pre-school and school children from a mixed income, low density (mild) community in southern Ghana

The overall goal of the department is to conduct research and provide solutions to nutritional problems in Ghana. In pursuance of this goal, the Nutrition Department since its inception has focused its research in the areas of maternal, infant and young child nutrition, food consumption and food security and micronutrient deficiency and interventions. These are priority food and nutrition problems in Ghana.

Source: UG
Hakluytus Posthumous of Purchas His Pilgrims Containing a History Of The world Sea Voyages and Land Travels by Englishmen and Others Volume III

Containing The Navigations And Voyages Of Englishmen To The Red Sea, The Abyssinia, Arabian, Persian And Indian Shores, Continents And Islands; With English Voyages Beyond The East-Indies, To The islands Of Japan, China, Cauchin-China, The Philippine With Others, And The Indian Navigations Further Prosecuted

Source: UG
Hakluytus Posthumous or Purchas His Pilgrims Containing a History of the World in Sea Voyages and Land Travels by Englishmen and others

Thought good here to give an account of my course. Having spent much time in that other World, so little known to This (Tartaria and China) that the parts least known might be made best known: I have comne nearer home, to Russia, and her neighbours, the nearer, or Chrim · Tartars, the Samoyeds, and others; whereof Doctor Fletchers Story being so elaborate (where, though the centre bee Russia, yet his circumference is more generall) and by men judicious which have in those parts enjoyed most honourable employment, and exactest intelligence, commended : I have given the first place

Source: UG
Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes in Twenty Volumes (Volume IX)

The ninth volume of Purchas His Pilgrimes containing Peregrinations and Travels by Land into the Eastern Countries; Collections of Asia; Further Collections of Africa and the River of Gambra; the Grand Turk’s Seraglio; and observations of the Maldives; by Englishmen and other Modern and Ancient.

Source: UG
Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes in Twenty Volumes (Volume V)

The fifth volume of Purchas His Pilgrimes containing the further Navigations and Voyages of Englishmen into the East Indies; the Dutch Navigations to the East Indies with Declarations of the Contentions between the Hollanders and the English in the East; with Collections of Things most remarkable in the History of Africa.

Source: UG
Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrims Containing a History of the World in Sea Voyages and Land Travels by Englishmen and others

SAMUEL PURCHAS, son of George Purchas, Yeoman, was born at Thaxted in Essex. The date of his birth is uncertain; in his Marriage Allegation, dated 2nd December, 1601, his age is given at 'about 27,' but in the Thaxted Baptismal Register the date of his baptism is entered as '20th November, 1577.' The use of the word 'about' points to some uncertainty in the mind of the writer, and it is probable that his baptism took place shortly after his birth, and that at the time of his marriage he was really only in his twenty-fifth year. This is confirmed by the statement on the engraved title page of his' Pilgrimes,' that at the date of its publication in 1625 he was aged forty-eight. He was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he took the degree of M.A. in 1600, -and afterwards proceeded to that of B.D. In 1601 he was Curate of Purleigh in Essex, where he married in December of that year Jane Lease, daughter of Vincent Lease of Westhall, Co. Suffolk, Yeoman. Both Purchas and his bride are described as household servants of Dr. Freake, Parson of Purleigh. On the 24th Aqgust, 1604, he was instituted to the Vicarage of Eastwood on the presentation of the King, and there he remained until 1614.

Source: UG
Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrims in Twenty Volumes (Volume VIII)

The eighth volume of Purchas His Pilgrims Containing Peregrinations and Travels by Land into Palestina, Natolia, and Syria; Peregrinations and Discoveries by land of Assyria, Armenia, Persia, India, and other Inland Countries of Asia by Englishmen and others, Modern and Ancient.

Source: UG
Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrims in Twenty Volumes Volume II

Containing a description of all the Circumnavigations of the Globe; and the Navigations and Voyages of Englishmen, along the Coasts of Africa, to the Cape of Good Hope, and from thence to the Red Sea, the Abassine, Arabian, Persian, Indian Shores, Continents and islands

Source: UG
Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrims in Twenty Volumes Volume XVIII

Sotos further Discoveries in Florida and manifold various Adventures till hee came to Tulla. Governour departed from Cutifa Chiqui the third day of May. And because the Indians had revolted, and the will of the Ladie was perceived, that if shee could, shee would depart without giving any Guides or men for burdens, for the wrongs which the Christians had done to the Indians: (for there never want some among many of a base sort, that for a little gaine doe put themselves and others in danger of undoing.

Source: UG
Hakluytus Posthumus or Pure has His Pilgrimes in Twenty Volumes Volume XIX

A Letter of M. Gabriel Archar, touching the Voyage of the Fleet of Ships, which arrived at Virginia, without Sir Tho. Gates, and Sir George Summers, 1609. Woolwich the fifteenth of May, 1609, seventh saile weyed anchor, and came to Plimmouth the twentieth day, where Sir George Somers, with two small Vessels, consorted with us. H ere we tooke into the Blessing (being the ship wherein I went) sixe Mares and two H orses; and the Fleet layed in some necessaries belonging to the action: In which businesse we spent time till the second of June. And then wee set sayle to Sea, but crost by South-west windes, we in to Faulemouth, and there staying till the eight 0 June, we then ~ate out. Our Course was commanded to leave the Cananes one hundred leagues to the Eastward at least, and to steere away directly for Virginia, without touching at the West Indies, except the Fleet should chance to be separated, then they were to repaire to the Bermuda, there to stay seven dayes in expectation of the Admirall; and if they found him not, then to take their course to Virginia.

Source: UG
Hakluytus Posthumusor' Purchas His Pilgrimes in Twenty Volumes Volume XV

Observations gathered out of the First, Second, third, and Fourth Books of Josephus Acosta, a learned Jesuite Touching the natural historic of the Heavens, Ayre, Water, and Earth; 1t the West Indies. Also of their Beam, Fishes, Fowles, Plants, and other remarkable Rarities of Nature.

Source: UG
The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism

Nationalist histories of the US downplay the role of slavery in the development of the world’s capitalist superpower. Obscuring slavery, these mythologies present US hegemony as a fact innocent of origins in the extraction of wealth from enslaved people. Building on historical evidence accumulated by African-American survivors of slavery, plus scholarship on African American and other elements of the African diaspora, The Half Has Never Been Told offers a historical narrative that focuses on slavery’s central role in US history. Placing enslaved people’s experiences and exploitation at the center of the story, the book endeavors to show how the extraction of wealth from enslaved African Americans has shaped the US and modern capitalism itself.

Source: UG
Halloysite Nanotubes As Delivery Mechanism For Feather Protein-Based Multi-Surfactant Systems In Crude Oil Dispersion Application.

Chicken feather protein (CFP), and lecithin (L), Tween 80 (T), and DOSS (D) surfactant systems were loaded onto halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), a natural clay aluminosilicate product to form particulate dispersants at different surfactant concentrations and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy coupled with EDS. For 24 wt% surfactants concentrations loaded HNTs; 100 wt%CFP-HNTs, 60 wt%CFP- 40 wt%L-HNTs, 20 wt%CFP- 80 wt%T-HNTs, 50 wt%CFP- 25 wt%T-25 wt%L-HNTs and 25 wt %CFP- 25 wt%T-50 wt%D-HNTs showed good interfacial tension lowering abilities by recording 6.39, 2.82, 2.43, 1.68, and 1.55 mN/m at 60s respectively. The CFP-based surfactant HNTs dispersants formed very stable o/w emulsions against droplet coalescence and showed an increase in interfacial viscosity which contributed to the stability of their respective o/w emul sions. In this study, the US EPA’s baffled flask test was deployed to probe the prospects of the CFP based surfactants-HNTs dispersants in crude oil dispersion at different surfactant concentrations. 100 wt%CFP-HNTs, 60 wt %CFP- 40 wt %L-HNTs, 20 wt %CFP- 80 wt %T-HNTs, 50 wt %CFP- 25 wt%T-25 wt%L-HNTs and 25 wt%CFP- 25 wt%T-50 wt%D-HNTs recorded dispersion effective ness of 33.9, 74.8, 65.4, 78.6 and 88.2 vol% respectively at 24 wt% surfactant concentration. It can be deduced that an increase in the surfactant concentrations loaded onto HNTs improved the dispersion effectiveness of the produced particulate dispersants. Largely, the 24 wt% CFP-based surfactant-HNTs dispersants showed considerable promise in crude oil dispersion in seawater.

Source: UG