ghanaopendata/ghanaian-research-english huggingface dataset:
Public Private Partnership in Affordable Housing Delivery in Ghana

The concept of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) has been seen as symbiosis relationships between Public and the Private sector where they combine their strengths, weakness, resources and their expertise for the delivery of a service such as the affordable housing. The need to provide an adequate housing has remained a major priority of every government. The aim of this study was therefore to explore the dynamic of the implementation of PPP in the affordable housing delivery. The specific objectives included: to identify strategies for the implementation of the affordable housing delivery, to identify challenges confronting the PPP in affordable housing delivery and the success factors for the implementation of the affordable housing. The study concentrated on the key players in the housing delivery in Ghana (GREDA, SHC, and SSNIT): Data was collected and analysis using Statistical tools which included: factor analysis (Principal component analysis), Relative Importance Index (RII), correlation analysis and percentages. The findings of the research point out to the fact that: involvement of expert advice and input, risk sharing between partners, collaborating with community in PPP housing scheme were strategies for effective PPP implementation. In addition, politicization of housing issue, inadequate information on PPP programme, lack of sound regulatory framework were some of the challenges of PPP implementation the research revealed. Lastly, the research revealed that effective constant communication between partners, commitment of partners and permanent government involvement were success factor of the PPP implementation. It was concluded that affordable housing problems is a common phenomenon around the world. And it was attributing to a sluggish economic growth in the developing countries such as Ghana. It is therefore recommended that affordable housing delivery should be viewed as national issue which needs more attention and education on key players in the housing industry. More so the developing country like Ghana should adopt PPP strategies in affordable housing delivery from the developed world where it has been practice and tested.

Source: KNUST
A public perception on sanitation and domestic waste management and reuse in Ho and its environs.

No sanitation services are provided by the District Assemblies in the rural area Sanitation services are however provided in the urban area. These are mainly solid waste collection, septic tank emptying, and provision of public toilet. Out of the population interviewed, 24°/a are fully satisfied, while 10% are not satisfied with sanitation services. The majority of the respondents (66%) were partially satisfied. Ho District Assembly evacuates about 66.58m3 of refuse daily. There is a regular flow of domestic waste as 86.7% of the people with refuse bins empty their bins daily. The current solid waste that is generated could yield 613.2 tons of compost annually. Waste sorting is not a common feature in both urban and rural communities. Nonetheless, 66.6% of the respondents accept that compost pits could be constructed in their premises. Composting of refuse may be feasible as 76.3% of both urban and rural populations are willing to consume food crops produced from domestic waste compost. On the other hand, only 35% are willing to eat fish reared in domestic wastewater. The public (75.2%) is willing to pay for good sanitation services but in practice. they are not able to sustain payment. People who do not own toilet facilities are willing to pay ¢50.00 for each visit to a public toilet. An amount of about ¢843.54 1,870.00 will be required as investment capital and about ¢84.3 54.32600 as annual running cost to undertake compost processing in Ho. This project could yield ¢153.300000.00 annually. It has been recommended that there should be further studies on the effect of income and educational levels on waste management practices.

Source: KNUST
Public Records and Archives Administration, Head Office - Accra

A wealth of experiences has yet occurred within and without our country concerning Ghana and Ghanaians and could be useful to Ghana. However most of these have gone undocumented and eventually forgotten with no evidence of it ever existing. The little information that is documented and stored tells us a lot, which have been proved they ever existed. Archival materials are therefore a connected organic entity of facts and figures of verified truth constants and evidence that have occurred in days past from which present and future generations can draw from as memory and society keeps its knowledge. Without it there will be no memory, no legal rights, no science, no collective identity of culture and no history. Store records properly and develop life with the confidence of foundation of documented proof

Source: KNUST
Public Perception on Solid Waste Collection Services Case study: Kigali City of Rwanda

A study was carried out in Kigali City of Rwanda to determine the public perception on solid waste collection services. The Environmental District Department (EDD) is responsible for solid waste management but private sector is involved to ensure effective and efficient solid waste management delivery. A survey was carried out in all tree districts of Kigali City of Rwanda (Nyarugenge, Kicukiro and Gasabo) using a structured questionnaire among stakeholders to access the quality of waste collection services rendered by solid waste collectors private companies. Four companies were found to be involved in waste management in Kigali City of Rwanda. These are COPED, COOCEN, AMIZERO and SAMU. They were all operating on a franchise and house to house collection system. The quality of service provided by the four companies collecting refuse in Kigali City of Rwanda was perceived by the public as satisfactory (83.6%). The public was willing to pay for collection service charge ranging from 1500-5000Frw (550=1US$) with 80.6% rating it as moderate and 19.4% rating it as high. Most of the respondents (79.5%) also agreed that they should be responsible for the cost of collecting their own refuse. Only 20.5% wanted the Government alone to be responsible for their waste collection. It was realized from this study that Kigali City of Rwanda is making progress towards Solid Waste Management partly because of the House to House collection system and a Franchise system which involved collection, treatment, recycling and disposal of residues. Competition among the companies to remove waste unrestricted to zones could play a major role in the overall performance. Sanitation bye laws observed by communities through the "Cellular System" with one head per ten houses might have also played a role. This system in Kigali City of Rwanda is worthy of emulation by cities in other developing countries.

Source: KNUST
Public Procurement as a Tool for Achieving Millennium Development Goal 7: Environmental Sustainability: (Case Study- Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolitan Assembly)

One burden on the Government of Ghana is to be able to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by the targeted dates. This has been the result of government rolling out many policies to enable the country to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Although progress has been made in the other goals, the achievement of Millennium Development Goal 7: Environmental Sustainability seems to be a mirage. This study sought to find out how Public Procurement can be used to help achieve Millennium Development Goal 7. Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolitan Assembly was used as case study due to the discovery of oil in commercial quantities in the Western Region resulting in an increase in economic activities. Qualitative analysis was done after one-on-one interviews with respondents. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select Public Procurement Practitioners who are directly involved in the procurement process at the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolitan Assembly. The study revealed that Procurement Practitioners do not know much about Millennium Development Goal 7, although they unknowingly applied requirements one way or the other in their activities, which enhances the achievement of the goal. It was also revealed that public procurement can play a major role in the quest to achieving Millennium Development Goal 7. It was recommended that Public Procurement Practitioners must be given the necessary training in the area of environmental sustainability in relation to their activities. They must also be encouraged to incorporate environmental sustainability specifications and requirements within the procurement process in order to help realize the dream of Millennium Development Goal 7. Finally, there must be policies by government to enhance the use of public procurement to achieve Millennium Development Goal 7.

Source: KNUST
Public perception of GWCL/AVRL water supply service delivery- case study; Kumasi- Ghana

The research was carried out in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana to determine the perception of the public on the quality of water supply service delivery under the jurisdiction of Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) and Aqua Vitens Rand Limited (AVRL). A survey was carried out in three (3) out of eight (8) GWCL/AVRL districts in the Kumasi Metropolis using structured questionnaires.

Source: KNUST
Public Satisfaction Towards Municipal Solid Waste Collection Services In Ho Municipality, Ghana

Solid waste management has been one of the most crucial issues facing authorities in fastgrowing cities in developing countries. This research assessed public satisfaction towards municipal solid waste collection services in Ho Municipality, the capital of Volta Region of Ghana. The study gathered data through questionnaire administration, interviews and observation. The findings from the study indicated that, 56.5% and 32.5% of the respondents rated the quality of service as “Good” for the door-to-door and communal collection services, respectively. This suggests that the clients of door to door solid waste collection services managed by a private company were more satisfied than patrons of the communal container collection system. There was significant association among demographic characteristics/satisfaction determinants and service indicators of public satisfaction towards the quality of service (p ≤ 0.05) for both the door-to-door and communal container collection services. Age, educational level and overflow of containers with waste were the factors that determined patrons’ willingness to pay for the door-to-door collection services. With these factors, about 68% of the patrons of communal container collection services were willing to pay in order to have the door-to-door waste collection services at their premises. Lifting frequency, provision of bins, bins overflowing with waste, and safety at the container sites were the main drivers that influence the public satisfaction towards waste collection services in Ho Municipality. Generally, residents were “moderately satisfied” with the waste collection services rendered by both private waste management company and the Municipal Assembly. This indicates a relatively acceptable level of waste collection service. Waste collectors need to increase their lifting frequency to curtail overflowing bins and improve safety conditions at the communal container sites for enhanced satisfaction towards the quality of service of the public. This could be achieved when adequate resources are allocated for solid waste management.

Source: KNUST
Public satisfaction towards municipal solid waste collection services in Ho municipality, Ghana

Solid waste management has been one of the most crucial issues facing authorities in fast growing cities in developing countries. This research assessed public satisfaction towards municipal solid waste collection services in Ho Municipality, the capital of Volta Region of Ghana. The study gathered data through questionnaire administration, interviews and observation. The findings from the study indicated that, 56.5% and 32.5% of the respondents rated the quality of service as “Good” for the door-to-door and communal collection services, respectively. This suggests that the clients of door to door solid waste collection services managed by a private company were more satisfied than patrons of the communal container collection system. There was significant association among demographic characteristics/satisfaction determinants and service indicators of public satisfaction towards the quality of service (p ≤ 0.05) for both the door-to-door and communal container collection services. Age, educational level and overflow of containers with waste were the factors that determined patrons’ willingness to pay for the door-to-door collection services. With these factors, about 68% of the patrons of communal container collection services were willing to pay in order to have the door-to-door waste collection services at their premises. Lifting frequency, provision of bins, bins overflowing with waste, and safety at the container sites were the main drivers that influence the public satisfaction towards waste collection services in Ho Municipality. Generally, residents were “moderately satisfied” with the waste collection services rendered by both private waste management company and the Municipal Assembly. This indicates a relatively acceptable level of waste collection service. Waste collectors need to increase their lifting frequency to curtail overflowing bins and improve safety conditions at the communal container sites for enhanced satisfaction towards the quality of service of the public. This could be achieved when adequate resources are allocated for solid waste management

Source: KNUST
PUBLIC SECTOR WAGE AND INFLATION IN GHANA

Achieving price stability has been in the orbit of concern of state authorities for time immemorial. This paper is therefore focused on determining empirically the impact of public wage bill on inflation in Ghana for the period of 1986-2014. Using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) to cointegration model, it was discovered from the study that public wage bill, currency depreciation rate, money supply, and fiscal deficit all have significant impact on inflation in Ghana. The outcome of this study postulates that the rate of inflation determination in Ghana is also a fiscal phenomenon in spite of the significant and domineering role played by monetary expansion. Consequently, equal attention must be accorded both fiscal and monetary policy in the fight against the rate of inflation in Ghana for appreciable and sustained result.

Source: KNUST
Public sector wage, inflation and exchange rate depreciation in Ghana

Exchange rate depreciation and price instability in Ghana have become alarming sparking a lot of debates in recent times among researchers, policy analyst, academicians, politicians and the public at large. While some attribute these problems to economic mismanagement and corruption among other factors, others maintain the overwhelming situation could be the result of the high wage bill. This paper aims mainly at determining empirically the impact of public sector wage bill on inflation and how inflation influences exchange rate depreciation in Ghana. An annual time series secondary data for the period 1986- 2014 was employed for the study using the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The results suggest that public sector wage bill- GDP and exchange rate depreciation relate positively to inflation both in the short run and in the long run. A positive relationship between inflation and public wage- expenditure was also established in the long run and a negative relationship in the short run. This affirms the position that though inflation is mainly driven by monetary expansion, other factors like wages as component of fiscal activities are vital sources. On a different facade, inflation, pubic wage-GDP and public wage- expenditure have a significant negative impact on exchange rate depreciation in the long run. However, public wage- expenditure and inflation exert a positive impact on exchange rate in the short run with public wage- GDP imposing a negative effect. This maintains the negative effect of wage- inflation on exchange rate in Ghana. The study thus suggested that, as monetary policy receives much priority, fiscal policy, an obvious alternative requires equal attention for a sustained exchange rate and price stability.

Source: KNUST
Public sector workers and management relationship and its effects on productivity: a case of Driver and Vehicle Authority (DVLA).

Maximizing profit is the goal of every organization. All other things being equal, profit maximization is attained when there is increase in productivity through effective employer and employees relations. The research inquired on worker's relations at DVLA, the effects of employment relation on employees‘ performance, and measures to improve employment relation in organization. The study adopted a survey design where data was collected using questionnaire. Respondents were selected using simple random with purposive techniques. The entire study targeted a sample population of ninety-five (95) respondents mainly from DVLA-Kumasi. However, eighty-seven (87) questionnaires were returned giving the study 91.6% respond rate. The study established the nature and how employer and employees relate in DVLA. The study found that the following should be the nature of employers‘ relations; employees think that cooperation and trust among them is the best tool for employment relations, good relationship, communication and respect should be the nature of employment relation, decision making should be accepted by workers and delegation should be made to workers to create good organizational relation between employer and employees, employment relation should be in a sense that employees feel free to interact and discuss all manner of issues with employers, employer must respect and see employees as an integral member of the organization and be willing to listen to employee when the need arise. It was recommended that employment relations in every organization must be given the needed attention by management as good employment relations leads to increase employees‘ job satisfaction which increases employees work output and performance.

Source: KNUST
Public servants perception and acceptance of the e-zwich system of salary payment in Ghana.

The study surveys the views of public sector workers on the proposed introduction of EZwich salary payment system, in all a hundred workers are conveniently sampled based on their willingness to provide information and were given questionnaires to solicit their views. The responses were coded and analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences. The result shows that majority of the workers are aware of the E-Zwich. However, the level of awareness in terms of understanding the intricacies of the system is shallow. That notwithstanding majority of the respondents have indicated their willingness to accept it if introduced. Based on those result, we conclude that the introduction of the E-Zwich system as the new salary payment system is likely to succeed. Among the recommendations is that before the final implementation of the E-Zwich salary system the controller and accountant should embark on more public education on it.

Source: KNUST
Public-private partnership for urban economic development : a case study of the Shama Ahanta East Metropolitan Assembly

Countries all over the world have now adopted the public-private partnership (PPP) approach to development perhaps due to wide—spread failures of state and private sector-led approaches to economic growth and especially poverty reduction. Even though partnership approach had been widely promoted. as a panacea to developing countries economic problems there is no much evidence to support this position as poverty is still prevalent after the adoption of this approach. There was therefore a general feeling that the processes and outcomes of the partnership projects have not been equitable enough to guarantee improved living conditions as was anticipated. This work analyzed PPPs for urban economic development in the Shama Ahanta East Metropolitan area. The focus was on the composition, role of partners and conditions for ensuring equity in partnerships processes and outcomes. It was found that there were two types of PPP projects in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolitan area namely, management contract and concession. The partnerships were between the Assembly and private sector firms. Communities were found to he missing in all the partnership arrangements. Effective communication, commitment of stall and clear definition of roles were found to be critical success factors. Success of all the partnerships was also highly dependent on the Assembly’s law- enforcement role. The Assemblies enjoyed more power than the private sector firms. The public sector was also found to he performing its mediation role through price control policies even though the policy context of PPP makes performance of that role very challenging. Weaknesses were however found in the law enforcement role of the Assembly as well as the monitoring and public relation functions. These weaknesses made the achievement of equitable and beneficial partnerships difficult. It was recommended that PPP options that have greater potential for attracting private capital be encouraged. The enforcement and education units of the Assembly should also be strengthened to be more effective and efficient. Incentive packages should he instituted for the employees of all partners and effective monitoring systems established. Specific steps should also be taken to ensure the effective participation of communities and organisations in the partnerships to guarantee equitable processes and outcomes.

Source: KNUST
Pulmonary tuberculosis: Virulence of Mycobacterium africanum and relevance in HIV co-infection

Although Mycobacterium africanum is being isolated in a significant proportion of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in West Africa, its pathogenic potential remains a matter of discussion. Recent reports leave the question of whether M. africanum causes more severe pathology than M. tuberculosis or resembles opportunistic pathogens and might gain importance in the course of the HIV pandemic. Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis associated withM. africanum (n Z 556) and M. tuberculosis (n Z 1350) were studied in Ghana, West Africa, and compared regarding self-reported signs and symptoms, chest radiography, HIV status, mycobacterial drug resistance and mycobacterial clustering as determined by spoligotyping and IS6110 fingerprints. The rate of M. africanum infections was similar in HIV-positive (27%) and HIV-negative (30%) patients. M. africanum clustered less than M. tuberculosis (21% vs 79%; OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.3e0.5; p < 0.001) corresponding to its lower prevalence (29% vs 70%).

Source: KNUST
Pulse Propagation in Multiaccess Wireline Channels

In telecommunication, a lot of measurements and models are perfomed in the time domain. Time domain analysis are usually complex and difficult difference equations are employed. Frequency Domain Models reduce the complexity of some of the mathematics to simplier arithmetic and convolution where necessary. In this thesis, Frequency Domain Modeling is used to come up with two models; Voltage Propagation Model (VPM) and the Current Propagation Models (IPM). The graph analysis is done in the time domain. Python, a powerful array manipulation programming language with third party scientific libraries: scipy, numpy and matplotlib, is used in the programming of the model. Since most models do not integrate GUI for easy testing, a GUI is also incoporated using Nokia’s Qt framework. The simulation results show that both the voltage and current pulses behave in similar ways. The attenuation and distortion of the pulses increases with decrease in the pulse width (increase frequency of propagation). The attenuation of the pulses also increases with increase in the number of taps on the transmission line.

Source: KNUST