ghanaopendata/ghanaian-research-english huggingface dataset:
Intelligent computing for electromagnetohydrodynamic bioconvection flow of micropolar nanofluid with thermal radiation and stratification: Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation algorithm

The Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) backpropagation optimization algorithm, an artificial neural network algorithm, is used in this study to perform integrated numerical computing to evaluate the electromagnetohydrodynamic bioconvection flow of micropolar nanofluid with thermal radiation and stratification. The model is then reduced to a collection of boundary value problems, which are solved with the help of a numerical technique and the proposed scheme, i.e., the LM algorithm, which is an iterative approach to determine the minimum of a nonlinear function defined as the sum of squares. As a blend of the steepest descent and the Gauss–Newton method, it has become a typical approach for nonlinear least-squares problems. Furthermore, the stability and consistency of the algorithm are ensured. For validation purposes, the results are also compared with those of previous research and the MATLAB bvp4c solver. Neural networking is also utilized for velocity, temperature, and concentration profile mapping from input to output. These findings demonstrate the accuracy of forecasts and optimizations produced by artificial neural networks. The performance of the bvp4c solver, which is used to reduce the mean square error, is used to generalize a dataset. The artificial neural network-based LM backpropagation optimization algorithm operates using data based on the ratio of testing (13%), validation (17%), and training (70%). This stochastic computing work presents an activation log-sigmoid function based LM backpropagation optimization algorithm, in which tens of neurons and hidden and output layers are used for solving the learning language model. The overlapping of the results and the small computed absolute errors, which range from 10−3 to 10−10 and from 106 to 108 for each model class, indicate the accuracy of the artificial neural network-based LM backpropagation optimization algorithm. Furthermore, each model case’s regression performance is evaluated as if it were an ideal model. In addition, function fitness and histogram are used to validate the dependability of the algorithm. Numerical approaches and artificial neural networks are an excellent combination for fluid dynamics, and this could lead to new advancements in many domains. The findings of this research could contribute to the optimization of fluid systems, resulting in increased efficiency and production across various technical domains.

Source: KNUST
Intermittent preventive treatment comparing two versus three doses of sulphadoxine pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) in the prevention of anaemia in pregnancy in Ghana: A cross sectional study

In 2012 the World Health Organisation (WHO) revised the policy on Intermittent Preventive Treatment with Sulphadoxine Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) to at least three doses for improved protection against malaria parasitaemia and its associated effects such as anaemia during pregnancy. We assessed the different SP dosage regimen available under the new policy to determine the dose at which women obtained optimal protection against anaemia during pregnancy. A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women who attended antenatal clinic at four different health facilities in Ghana. The register at the facilities served as a sampling frame and simple random sampling was used to select all the study respon dents; they were enrolled consecutively as they kept reporting to the facility to receive ante natal care to obtain the required sample size. The haemoglobin level was checked using the Cyanmethemoglobin method. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to generate odds ratios, confidence intervals and p-values. The overall prevalence of anaemia among the pregnant women was 62.6%. Pregnant women who had taken 3 or more doses of IPTp SP had anaemia prevalence of 54.1% compared to 66.6% of those who had taken one or two doses IPTp-SP. In the multivariable logistic model, primary (aOR 0.61; p = 0.03) and ter tiary education (aOR 0.40; p = <0.001) decreased the odds of anaemia in pregnancy. Fur ther, pregnant women who were anaemic at the time of enrollment (aOR 3.32; p = <0.001) to the Antenatal Care clinic and had malaria infection at late gestation (aOR 2.36; p = <0.001) had higher odds of anaemia in pregnancy. Anaemia in pregnancy remains high in the Northern region of Ghana. More than half of the pregnant women were anaemic despite the use of IPTp-SP. Maternal formal education reduced the burden of anaemia in preg nancy. The high prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy amid IPTp-SP use in Northern Ghana needs urgent attention to avert negative maternal and neonatal health outcomes.

Source: KNUST
Internal audit and enterprise risk management in financial institutions in ghana.

The study’s aim is to assess the impact of internal audit functions on enterprise risk management focusing on financial firms in Ghana, specifically Greater Accra. In this study, 286 questionnaires were distributed by using stratified sampling technique, which entails dividing the banks, insurance companies, and capital market brokerage into distinct strata. After which 260 useable questionnaires were deemed suitable for analysis. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the study's hypothesized relationships. The findings demonstrated a significant enterprise risk management practices within the financial institution in Ghana. The finding implies that ERM is a holistic approach to managing risks across an entire organization. In financial institutions, ERM encompasses the identification, assessment, and mitigation of various risks, aligning risk management strategies with the institution's objectives. The findings showed that internal audit functions is positively and significantly connected to enterprise risk management of financial firms in Ghana. The results implies that internal audit acts as an independent and objective assurance function within an organization. Its primary role is to assess the effectiveness of risk management processes and controls. The study adds to a less researched area of internal audit functions and enterprise risk management practices, by investigating the internal audit and enterprise risk management in financial institution in Ghana. The results of the study highlight the enterprise risk management practices in financial firms, as well as the effect of internal audit functions on enterprise risk management practices in financial firms

Source: KNUST
INTERNAL AUDIT PRACTICE AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AT GHANA POST COMPANY LIMITED (ASHANTI REGION)

Internal audit plays a vital role in the corporate governance process. The perceived poor internal audit practices mainly caused by lack of independence has resulted in sound corporate governance practices eluding the company; thereby leading to the abysmal performance of Ghana Post Company Limited. The study, therefore, seeks to ascertain the practices of internal audit and corporate governance at Ghana Post Company Limited, with specific attention to identify the Internal Audit procedures; assess the corporate governance framework; assess the role of internal audit practice on good corporate governance; and examine the challenges of internal audit and corporate governance practices in Ghana Post Company Limited in Ashanti Region. Adopting the purposive sampling technique, a sample size of five (5) respondents comprising, the Regional Head, the Regional Internal Control Manager, Regional Finance Manager, Head Postmaster and Kumasi District Manager of Ghana Post Company Limited, Ashanti Region was chosen; using interview guide as the main instrument for the collection of data. The findings of the study revealed that the corporate governance framework of Ghana Post serves as the source of the roles and powers of the Board that strengthens accountability mechanism and achievement of company goals; with the Board undertaking a formal and rigorous annual evaluation of its own performance and that of its committees. Again, the independence of Internal Auditors in Ghana Post are highly compromised since most of the time they are considered as employees of management, and hence the views of Internal Auditors’ reporting to the Board as merely a formality to satisfy corporate governance requirements. Also, the challenges encountered by internal audit of Ghana Post have made the department unable to achieve its target thereby exposing the company to a lot of risk as evidenced in the high level of embezzlement that the company has been experiencing in recent times. Also, the non-compliance of internal controls and the flaw in risk management by the board could not be over emphasized It is recommended that, the board and the entire management should recognize the important role internal audit play and if need be support them with enough resources to enable them execute their mandate. It is recommended that there should be strict adherence to the several independence guidelines of the Internal Audit to keep in mind when considering reporting lines for internal audit. It is recommended that the board/audit committee should have the final authority to review and approve the annual audit plan and all major changes to the plan.

Source: KNUST
Interfacing traditional studio painting with digital artistry

Traditional painting has existed with mankind with the aid of hand held tools or brushes. Now, many creative artists are using the computer to create paintings which is giving room for more freedom for expression. The study is about producing digital landscape water colour paintings to whip up enthusiasm. By digitizing manually created water colour paintings and completing them with computer virtual tools. It was found that only 29% painted digitally for exploration, experimental or for its comfort and 71% of the respondents of paintings executed are for academic reasons. The findings mean that there is still the need for in engaging the digital tools for painterly expression.

Source: KNUST
Internal Communication Strategies in the Construction Industry: A Case Study of African Concrete Products (ACP) Limited

This study examined how employees of a small to medium construction company communicate and exchange information internally. The challenges faced, the exact strategies employed to achieve effective internal communication as well as the role it plays in accomplishing goals and objectives the organisation were particularly focused on. The Cultural Approach to Organisation theory by Geertz and Pacanowsky (1973) provided a guide to examining the various components that form the basis of this research. Open-ended interviews with 10 employees mainly at the management level permitted respondents to answer in depth, and allowed the researcher to probe for useful insights. Findings indicate that the practice of internal communication is not effective enough as there is not a documented communication strategy, and consequently employees are not very conversant with the vision and mission of the organisation. Effective Internal Communication contributes to the achievement of an organisation’s goals and objectives by way of better coordination and so on, but the Grapevine is a major challenge to the flow and exchange of information and needs to be monitored and perhaps capitalised upon. While email is preferred for information exchange among managers, the preferred communication channel among all other groups of employees is still face-to-face interaction. Interpersonal, dialogic communication remains important to employees at every level of the organization. Durbars, despite being acknowledged as time-consuming, were surprisingly valued as one of the best channels due to the ability to provide immediate feedback. Efficient communication strategies targeted at the internal audience give employees at all levels of the organization an understanding of the brand image and hence project this externally.

Source: KNUST
Internal Control System: Challenges and Effects on Management, Staff and Customers of Agricultural Development Bank, Brong-Ahafo Region

Internal control system is an essential tool for the realization of the goals of every organisation especially financial institutions and banks where the risk of mistakes and fraud are prevalent and their consequences are upsetting. The nature of the internal control system and how it is implemented may pose numerous challenges. These challenges are impediments to realising the objectives of the internal control system and knowing them is at least a milestone in finding solutions. This study investigates the possible challenges of implementing an effective and efficient internal control system and its effects on customers’ perception of the service rendered by the Agricultural Development Bank in the Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana. The population of the study consists of all the employees and customers of the bank in the Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana. The sample size was 120 employees and 500 customers of the bank selected from the 10 branches of ADB in the Brong-Ahafo Region using quota and convenient sampling techniques. Questionnaires were used to collect data for the study. The findings suggest that there is some amount of weakness in the internal control system of the bank especially the information technology component of the internal control system. It was found that among the major challenges of implementing the internal control system of the bank are desires of management to achieve certain reporting results and personal interest over corporate and public interest. The findings indicate that customers of the bank generally dislike internal control practices and hence effective and strong internal control system affects their happiness with the service and consequently, their perception of the quality of service of the bank. The study suggests that a significant direct relationship should exist between customers’ perception of the nature of internal control practices of the bank and their perception of the reliability of the service that the bank renders.

Source: KNUST
Internal Control as a tool for financial management in the public sector: A case study of GES, Adaklu-Anyigbe District

The research attempts to examine internal control as a tool for financial management in the public sector: a case study of GES Adaklu-Anyigbe District. The main objective of the study was to examine the reasons accounting for the persistence of financial improprieties or inaccuracies or irregularities in the public sector even though adequate measures have been put in place to forestall this. The sample size is made up of 33 respondents: 15 GES District Directorate staff and 18 Adaklu-Anyigbe District Assembly staff; consisting of three categories of staff namely, Management, Accounting/Treasury Department and Internal Audit Unit of both entities. The non-probability (purposive and quota sampling) were used for the study. The research conducted established that the improprieties, inaccuracies and irregularities persist in the public sector due to weaknesses or lapses or laxities in the internal control systems of most public sector organizations. It was also revealed that most often the appropriate sanctions are not applied to those found culpable to serve as a deterrent to others to desist from such acts. The study recommended that the internal audit units in the public sector should be strengthened and well resourced; and more qualified personnel appointed to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the internal control systems to ensure attainment of the entity’s objectives. Also appropriate sanctions should be applied whenever need be without reservation.

Source: KNUST
Internal control systems and financial performance of mmdas. A case study of goaso municipal assembly

The study sought to evaluate the internal control structures and financial performance of MMDAs. A case study of Goaso Municipal Assembly (GMA) in the Ahafo region of Ghana. The independent variable for the study was internal control systems and the dependent variable was financial performance. It adopted descriptive research design. The population consisted of all staff of GMA in Ghana. The study used primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire which was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze on SPSS version 22. Data obtained and analyzed was from 30 respondents of the target population. Twenty seven (27) of respondents who represents 90% answered the questionnaire as required while 3 respondents represented 10% did not answered the questionnaire as required. The model summary R-square value was 0.520 implying that the predictor variables selected for this study explains 52% of changes in the dependent variable. The study found that internal control system has a positive significant effect on financial performance of GMA in Ghana. Based on the risk assessment, the study concluded that, in an effort to manage its risks. The GMA has ensured risks are assessed in relation to changes in the operation environment. In addition, the study concluded that GMA has set forth a good working relationship between the staff. They are committed to their jobs, all employees have work schedules have no job conflicts. The study recommended that the management should always put in place mechanisms to enable it identify risks that affect achievement of the GMA’s financial objectives.

Source: KNUST
Internal control and its contributions to Organizational Efficiency and Effectiveness: A case study of Ecobank Ghana Limited.

Current business trends have made it imperative for almost all large organizations to maintain an internal control system. The Ghanaian banking industry has evolved from a highly regulated sector into a largely market driven one. The regulatory and institutional framework has improved considerably yet still Banks in Ghana are facing some challenges as the world deals with one of the deepest financial crisis in the history of the planet. Although not heavily hit by the global financial crisis because we do not have that spare liquidity to enable us take part in those complicated instruments in credit delivery. Nonetheless, the effects of the global financial meltdown are gradually being felt by developing countries of which Ghana is not an exception. The study exploited information by the help of primary data from interview schedules. However, the purposive type of sampling was used in sampling. In all five respondents were sampled from the thirty (30) respondents under review. The data gathered was analyzed and interpreted by the help of percentages and frequency tables. The findings of the study revealed that there are measures put in place by the Ecobank Ghana to enhance compliance. The measurement put in place is management oversight responsibility for internal control whereby control policies and procedures are being adhered to. It came to light that, the internal audit unit was responsible for monitoring internal control policy compliance whiles management assesses risk but the internal audit unit is not part of branch operations, they only visit the branches on monthly bases. The recommendations drawn from the study was that the Ecobank Ghana Limited should set internal audit units at their various branches across the country, so that there shall always be internal audit personnel to ensure compliance to the internal controls that exist in the organization. In view of this, the internal audit personnel’s should also be rotated at regular intervals to avoid any form of malpractices.

Source: KNUST
Internal control systems in Ghanaian churches: an examination of the effects of church size and denomination on systems of internal control.

This study was intended to examine the effect of church size and the polity of denominations on internal control systems. A questionnaire was used to gather data concerning current internal controls being implemented in churches. The internal control evaluation scores were observed to be significantly different based on church size. Three major denominations with differing types of church polity and different hierarchical structures were included in the study. The internal control evaluation scores were observed to have no significantly different based on denomination. The study recommends that proper internal accounting controls are implemented in the churches and full-time accounting staff be employed in order to safeguard the assets of the churches. Again, the study recommends that more education related to internal control concepts or accounting applicable to the church setting should be offered at some level in the training of pastors and church workers especially those handling the church finances and properties. The study also recommends that further studies be conducted to examine the internal control systems and accounting of other denominations in Ghana.

Source: KNUST
International Central Gospel Church (I. C.G. C), University College Campus, Oyibi-Dodowa

Education plays a major role in bringing to fruition the nation’s developmental aspirations. Whilst the primary and secondary aspects provide basic education necessary as a basis for future advancement, tertiary education provides education geared towards specialization in particular fields. Tertiary education therefore is the culmination of attempts at preparing to meet manpower needs of the nation. The design of facilities therefore must be done well to provide the best possible environment. “A contemporary University should be place of meeting, a forum for the exchange of ideas and information. It should be a place where students, teachers and researchers would form a community. It should be able to adapt itself to constantly changing conditions and increased numbers” Candilis, Josic, Woods, Castaing and Gardia. Designers Toulouse Faculty of Arts. The quote above reveals the important role the design of a University Campus plays, in the furtherance of tertiary education. The environment, the facilities, must be put together consciously to provide an environment conducive to learning. PURPOSE The purpose of this design thesis is to provide an appropriate solution for accommodation and expansion needs of a University College. OBJECTIVES The objective is to conduct a thorough study into the operations and requirements of a University College, vis – a - vis facilities, required, space standards to be employed, development policies appropriate, etc. It is expected, in the end to provide a basis for the proposal of a solution. AIM The design solution is expected to serve as a prototype for the design of similar universities in Ghana and the West African sub - region and as a reference technical handbook for the actual development (in part or whole) of the university. SCOPE The scope will entail the general space and service needs of the University together with sociological and physiological attributes that will ensure a conductive environment for teaching, learning and research. Facilities intended to be provided include the following: — Administration Block/Offices — Library/Data Processing Centre/Computing Centre — Faculty Facilities/Lecture Halls — Hospital/Clinic — Staff Housing - Senior/Junior Staff — Students Hostels — Married/Single Students - Chapel/Meditati9fl Grounds/Orchard - Recreational Grounds MODE OF PRESNTATION This report is presented in parts, in order of execution of the study: 1. Stage one deals with introduction, documentation and analysis relevant to the project. 2. Stage two deals with general studies and analytical basis, related to the project. 3. The third stage deals with information on the design proposals including: i. Design Concepts. ii. Appraisal of the design by way of drawings The underlying aim is to present this report with clarity and lucidity so that the layman, engineer, minister, etc. can understand its implications, the use of graphics, therefore to present salient points is employed.

Source: KNUST