ghanaopendata/ghanaian-research-english huggingface dataset:
The derivation of the GAB adsorption equation from the BDDT adsorption theory

The BET-like adsorption equation, popularly known as the GAB equation, was derived from the BDDT adsorption equation without changes to the bulk liquid properties of multilayer molecules. Without these changes the third parameter K in the GAB equation cannot be said to measure changes in the bulk liquid properties of the multilayer molecules. Instead K measures the range of application of the GAB equation and differentiates multilayer adsorption, when K > 0.5, from singular layer adsorption, when K ? 0.5. The GAB equation, derived from and based on the BDDT theory is argued, in this paper, to provide a greater insight into the mechanism of water adsorption than the same equation derived from and based on the BET theory. � 2005 Institute of Food Science and Technology Trust Fund.

Source: UEW
A descriptive study on the use of Asafo songs as source material for teaching music and dance aspect in creative arts

The study sought to explore the use of asafo songs as a source material for teaching Music and Dance aspect of Creative Arts in Agona East District of the Central Region of Ghana. The target population of the study involved all basic school teachers and pupils of Asafo, Kwanyako and Nantifa in the Agona East Municipality of Ghana. The study employed descriptive research design to collect information for the study. A sample size of 12; six (6) pupils and six (6) Basic school teachers from Nantifa, Asafo and Kwanyako were selected for this work. The study adopted purposive sampling techniques and snowball sampling technique in selecting the participants. Interview and observation were the research instruments used in collecting data for the study. The study revealed that most of the teachers were not well versed and familiar with various asafo songs. It also revealed that most of the teachers wished that the use of asafo songs could be accepted as source material in teaching Music and Dance aspect of Creative Arts at all levels in the Ghanaian Education System. It was concluded that due to the teachers‟ inability to use asafo songs as a source material for teaching Music and Dance aspect of Creative Arts, most of these class activities which involve the use of asafo songs are done in abstract. It was recommended that, Ministry of Education should take cogent steps and efforts to review the Basic School Curriculum for Creative Arts in order to consider the use of asafo songs as one of the source materials in teaching Music and Dance in Basic schools. Again there is the need for headteachers of basic schools in collaboration with Educational Directorate to create awareness and sensitize teachers especially Creative Art

Source: UEW
Design and analysis of a camshaft for multi – cylinder spark ignition engine using finite element method

Camshafts are widely used in regulating, opening and closing of valves (inlet and exhaust) in the internal combustion engines. Proper design of camshaft is required for perfect tuning between opening and closing of valves. This thesis reports an investigation that was carried out for modelling, prototyping, static and modal analysis of a multi cylinder I C engine camshaft using existing materials like chilled grey cast iron and Structural Steel and implementing material that’s aluminium 6061 t6. The modelling of the camshaft was done in Autodesk Inventor and static and modal analysis was carried in ANSYS version. By using ANSYS version the static and modal analysis was done to determine the total and directional deformation, equivalent (Von Mises) stress, maximum and minimum principal stresses, natural frequencies etc. of the various camshaft materials. The results obtained from the static analysis indicate that aluminium 6061 t6 is also applicable for manufacturing of the camshaft, as the equivalent (Von-Mises) stress values of camshaft is less compared with chilled grey cast iron and structural steel. The study provides a high-performance lightweight aluminium camshaft and a manufacturing method which can enhance engine durability. The modal analysis revealed the natural frequencies and total deformation of the various materials at different modes for all the selected materials. The values of natural frequency for the aluminium 6061 t6 at different modes are higher than the existing materials.

Source: UEW
Design and analysis of broadband planar slot antenna design for future communication networks

This study aimed at the design and analysis of broadband planar slot antenna for future communication networks such as 5generation wireless communication systems and beyond. The Ansys High-frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS 19) version (2019) is used in the development and simulation modeling of the antenna. The HFSS software is based on the finite element method (FEM) for solving electromagnetic field problems. The main data used in this simulation tool are shapes and dimensions of the desired model as well as feeding techniques. The proposed antenna in this study is the broadband planar slot antenna. It is a compact multiband resonance antenna with very good impedance bandwidth. Consequently, the conception and the simulation of a new low cost rectangular planar antenna is performed based on the theoretical equations to find out the initial antenna dimensions. The study found that the proposed antenna has near stable radiation patterns across the operating bandwidth albeit with high cross polarization patterns in the high frequency range (above 10 GHz) due to the asymmetrical nature of the antenna. A link budget analysis showed that the antenna can work effectively as a WLAN antenna. Again, the path loss is less than 75 dB over the entire 150 m chosen for the analysis. Key recommendations included the need for future work to look into implementing the antenna as a circularly polarized antenna to solve the issues of polarization. It was also recommended that techniques to make the antenna reconfigurable should be explored to avoid the need for extra signal processing circuits to switch between frequencies when the antenna is deployed in a device.

Source: UEW
Design and constructing of a small scale wind power generating system by converting a single-phase ac motor (ceiling fan) to a wind turbine a case study of the northern region of Ghana

The main aim of any electric power supply system in the world is to provide uninterrupted power supply to all its consumers at all times. But in developing countries like Ghana, the electric power generated does not meet the demands of the growing number of consumers of electricity hence there is inadequate power supply which results from frequent power outages. This does not promote development in the public and private business sectors it has left many people without electricity. Even investors do not feel secure to come into a country with constant or frequent power failure. In addition, there are processes that cannot be interrupted because of their importance for instance, surgery in hospitals, transfer of money between banks and lots more. Power instability and outage in developing countries (like Ghana) creates the need for the exploration of alternative sources of power for off-grid premises or to backup the existing supply. Wind power generating system can be used for light and to power domestic appliances. Whenever continuity of supply is needed, wind power can be used as an alternative source. This project designed and constructed a Small Scale Wind Power Generating System by converting a single-phase AC motor (ceiling fan) to a wind turbine. The purpose of this project was to provide an alternative electric power source to supply those without electricity such as the villages without light, hospitals, hotels, schools and even consumers who may need backup for the main supply during power outages. The design comprised a generator (wind turbine made up of a coil and magnet), a rectifier circuit, battery charge controller unit, battery bank, circuit breaker, DC to AC inverter, step up transformer and finally connected to the load.

Source: UEW
Design and construction of a 220v voltage stabilizer with off delay timer

Power line fluctuations and cut-offs in electrical installations causes damages to electrical appliances connected to the line. It is may be more fatal in the case of domestic appliances such as fridge and other sophisticated appliances like TV sets, DVD players, computers etc. If a fridge is operated on low voltage, excessive current flows through the motor, which heats up, and get damaged. It can be used to protect the whole installation from undesirable over and under line voltages, as well as surges caused due to sudden failure/resumption from the supply authority. Here is a low cost voltage stabilizer, which is fabricated using transistors and other discrete components. When the circuit is installed in the main electrical supply it will help in regulating the rate at which the surge voltages occurs. The 220v voltage stabilizer with OFF delay timer presented here is an in expensive and reliable circuit for protecting such equipment’s from damages. Whenever the power line is switched on it gets connected to the after conditioning it within a nominal voltage level. If there is high or low fluctuations beyond the sets limits the circuit is able to deduct or add some level of voltage to ensure safety of the appliance. This circuit has been designed, built and evaluated by me to use as a protector for sensitive appliances connected to the supply. This is designed around readily available semi-conductor devices such as standard bipolar medium power NPN transistor and timer IC. Its salient feature is that no relay hunting is employed.

Source: UEW
Design and construction of an fm transmitter using phase- locked loop for public announcement system

Dissemination of information is the basis of all communication around the globe and a backbone for societal development. In the era of technology, radio frequency (RF) application has become eminent in information transmission. Inevitable there would be Public address system due to inherent limitation in human voice. A public address (PA system) is an electronic amplification system with a mixer, amplifier and loudspeakers, used to reinforce a given sound. This project elucidates simple design and cost-effective digital transmitter-receiver to replace emerging traditional PA system which apparently has shortcomings in long distance transmissions and signalto- noise ratio (SNR). The project aims at developing a phase-locked loop FM transmitter with a radius of 5 km for public announcement, the design output is simulated using multisim and PIC simulator. The project serves as information medium for a community of 1000 people instead of town carrier (gongon beating). The announcement passes through a microphone attached to the transmitter, which converts the sound energy to electrical energy; the electrical signal transmitted was received through the antenna of the FM receiver placed within in a range of 2 km-4 km away from the transmitter. A loudspeaker mounted on pole broadcast information. The result of the project demonstrate that the prototype designed consumes 800 mW with a 70 dB output and signal radius of 5 km. The input used was 12-18 V DC with 76.0-76.8MHz frequency range. This accomplished the intended objectives for the community information center. Finally, depending on the availability of further advance technologies, this type of FM Transmitter/Receiver could be further improved with incorporation of sound sensitive circuit in the design for utmost efficiency and reliability in information delivery.

Source: UEW
Design and construction of an FM transmitter using phaselocked

Dissemination of information is the basis of all communication around the globe and a backbone for societal development. In the era of technology, radio frequency (RF) application has become eminent in information transmission. Inevitable there would be Public address system due to inherent limitation in human voice. A public address (PA system) is an electronic amplification system with a mixer, amplifier and loudspeakers, used to reinforce a given sound. This project elucidates simple design and cost-effective digital transmitter-receiver to replace emerging traditional PA system which apparently has shortcomings in long distance transmissions and signal to-noise ratio (SNR). The project aims at developing a phase-locked loop FM transmitter with a radius of 5 km for public announcement, the design output is simulated using multisim and PIC simulator. The project serves as information medium for a community of 1000 people instead of town carrier (gongon beating). The announcement passes through a microphone attached to the transmitter, which converts the sound energy to electrical energy; the electrical signal transmitted was received through the antenna of the FM receiver placed within in a range of 2 km-4 km away from the transmitter. A loudspeaker mounted on pole broadcast information. The result of the project demonstrate that the prototype designed consumes 800 mW with a 70 dB output and signal radius of 5 km. The input used was 12-18 V DC with 76.0-76.8MHz frequency range. This accomplished the intended objectives for the community information center. Finally, depending on the availability of further advance technologies, this type of FM Transmitter/Receiver could be further improved with incorporation of sound sensitive circuit in the design for utmost efficiency and reliability in information delivery.

Source: UEW
Design and construction of generator timer switch

The ability to supply power to consumer loads is one of the primary aims of the utility companies. In Ghana and other developing countries, power has not been sent to the door steps of every consumer. This has called for an alternative means of prolongs electricity. One of the most common alternative source of power in Ghana is by using alternator (generator) Because of the excessive noise produce by these generators and carbon monoxide, they are positioned a little a bit far away from where the consumer works or sleeps. When a consumer needs to put off this generator, he/she has to walk from the room all the way to where the generator is to put is off. This project sough to switch off the generator automatically when the preset time set by the consumer is due. This system also switched off the generator when the set time is not due but when the fuel had dropped to the lowest level and again an alarm system is incorporated to warn to user that there is shortage of fuel. Based on technological advancement various theories have been implemented to design different kinds of means to attain automatic timers for many applications. In this paper, a generator timer switch was designed using CD4060 integrated circuit. 555timer, ua741, Ca3140µ, 4020BP integrated circuit and other components to achieve the whole functionality. The experiment was conducted in my house with the help of a generator. The circuit was initially set to go OFF at exactly one hour time of which it went off at one- hour two minutes. It was also tested for different set times. The generator went off immediately the fuel falls below the minimum level, then the busser sounds an alarm to prompt the user that there is shortage of fuel. Results proved that the system works perfectly with variation of only two minutes in switching OFF time. Based on this results the following conclusion could be made, the generator timer University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh xi switch was constructed with local materials was able to switch OFF the generator at the pre set time. It was able to put off the generator a pre-set time. It was able to put off the generator when the fuel level falls below the minimum and also sound an alarm and finally the production cost was low since it uses locally available components. I therefore recommend that the government of Ghana should encourage Ghanaians to embrace locally manufactured goods in order to improve technology and also built ultra- modern laboratories for schools.

Source: UEW
Design and construction of self- running pulse battery charger using solid- state devices

The self-running pulse charger was designed and constructed using solid-state devices to produce pulse current for charging lead acid batteries. The aim of this research is to reduce the use of kerosene lanterns by rural dwellers and aid pupils to study at night in off-grid communities which do not have electricity. A coil of 200 turns, MJ11016 FET, NE555 IC and various values of resistors, capacitors and diodes were soldered on a printed circuit board (PCB) to ensure proper electrical connection. Digital voltmeter, capacitor and a 12V battery were used to record the pulses. The design was tested by various transistor/coil pair with different battery ratings to determine the output pulse strength of the device. The final results showed that the pulse charger with a coil of large number of turns had strongest output pulses. This will allow for fast charging of the battery there by increasing its efficiency. It is therefore recommended that a coil of 2oo or more turns could be paired with MJ11016FET to design the pulse charger.

Source: UEW
Design and construction of vehicle accident prevention system using eye blink sensor

Vehicle accidents are recently increasing at a fast rate and diverse technologies are being introduced to minimized vehicular accidents. This project work provide means of accident prevention system using eye blink sensor and automatic braking system to ensure that the vehicle gradually comes to a halt when drowsiness is detected and the driver fails to respond to the warning signal from the buzzer within the stipulated time. The hazard warning lights of the vehicle are also activated to alert other road users especially drivers behind during the stipulated time before the vehicle comes to a halt. Software package (Proteus) and programming language c + + were used to validate the model of the vehicle accidents prevention system using eye blink sensor and livewire software was used in the circuit design. It was observed from the results that the vehicle accidents prevention system using eye blink sensor with automatic braking system is an effective technology for vehicle accidents prevention due to drowsiness. The design and construction of the vehicle accident prevention using eye blink sensor with automatic breaking system with the aim of solving the problem of inability of the existing system (technology) to come to a halt when drowsiness is detected was successfully implemented. In view of this positive results of this project work, it was recommended that, the Government of Ghana and automobile manufacturers should promote and finance this project for mass production of vehicle accident prevention system by the used of eye blink sensor with automatic breaking system in other to replace the existing technology without the automatic breaking system. Implementing this technology in vehicles will help reduce drowsy related road accidents and hence this project work has relevance. This project work could be better by further studies to improve on driver alertness by using wireless technology to send signals to nearby vehicles when the driver is drowsy instead of the hazard warning lights of the vehicle.

Source: UEW
Design and fabrication of cassava moble grater

A portable powered cassava grater was designed fabricated and tested. Most of the common once are electrically operated, hence depend on electricity which in Ghana, is presently erratic in supply and not always available in rural areas. The erratic power, scarcity necessitate the need to address this issues to certain extent by developing a machine that will make life easier in cassava processing for the rural processers, in order to improve their economic wellbeing. This petrol engine powered grater consist of the hopper, the grating unit, the discharge, and the main frame. The mechanism is connected to a belt drive which turns the shaft on which the grater drum is mounted. The machine has a grating capacity of 89.16kg/hr. The machine is cheap, economically viable and can be used by unskilled workers.

Source: UEW
Design and fabrication of coconut fibre coconut dehusking machine

Coconut is a main crop of Central region and dehusking of coconut is very necessary step in making the coconut ready for further utilization. Coconut dehusking involves removing of the husk from the coconut. Traditional dehusking is time consuming and difficult process. To overcome these limitations, to improve the automation and to provide safety for the operator, a new design of dehusking machine is introduced and fabricated. This dehusker comprises usage of two horizontal rollers with series of sharp tools which would shear the husk from coconut when rolling against each other. Shear force is required for dehusking of mature green coconut and dry brown coconut. Shear force required is more for mature green coconut than dry coconut. Torque and speed reduction required for dehusking is calculated by using the force required for shearing coconut. Optimum number of spikes is arranged on the rollers to dehusk the coconut with minimum force.

Source: UEW
Design and fabrication of downsized palmfruit digester

A downsized oil palm fruit digester was designed, fabricated and tested. The materials for fabrication were sourced locally. The machine was tested for throughput capacity (Dc) and efficiency (η). Average throughput capacity of 0.030 kg/sec and efficiency of 70.8% was obtained. Rate of digestion increased with the increase in mass of the digesting palm fruits while the efficiency of the oil palm fruit digester decreased with increase in mass of the digesting palm fruit in some cases. The machine is made of the stand which serves as the main frame of the machine. It has a hopper which serves as the inlet of the machine. It also has a digestion chamber with a set of beaters welded to a shaft. It is powered by a 6.5HP engine and has a low fuel consumption. The machine is driven by a v-belt on a v-pulley. The machine is simple to operate and maintain, it is cost effective and mobile

Source: UEW