ghanaopendata/ghanaian-research-english huggingface dataset:
Internal control systems in non-bank financial institutions a case study of some selected credit unions in Ghana

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of internal control systems in some selected Co-operative Credit Unions in Ghana. A descriptive research design was used for the study whereas quantitative research approach was employed. Stratified random sampling was used to sample one hundred and thirty two (132) respondents from a possible population of one hundred and eighty two (182) after which a structured questionnaire was used to collect a primary data. Descriptive analysis was used by applying the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to analyze the primary data collected. The findings of the study indicated that the company’s Board members are solely mandated to initiate policies on internal controls and ensure that they are fully implemented by the company’s management. The findings of the study also revealed that, majority of the respondent accepted that the credit union manager was responsible for authorizing payment on behalf of the union. Nevertheless, just a few respondents believed that the Board is responsible for authorizing payment on behalf of the union, while others said it is the responsibility of both the Manager and the Board. In furtherance, the findings revealed that management supports internal audit’s personnel by making sure that internal audit is large enough to efficiently carry out its duties. The study recommended that the management of the credit union should provide the internal audit department with a procurement policy as well as constituting procurement committees to tackle issues concerning procurement with more diligence among others. It is further recommended that management should ensure that adequate training on internal controls is given to the workers and management, effective monitoring and evaluations should be organized intermittently and out operational policies and manuals should be given to members in order to ensure effective implementation of internal controls.

Source: UEW
Internal crisis communication strategies in the banking sector of Ghana

Organisational crises have become synonymous with the financial sector in Ghana in recent times, notably from 2012. Owing to many reasons, the Bank of Ghana merged Royal Bank, uniBank, Sovereign Bank, Beige Bank and Construction Bank into the Consolidated Bank Ghana (CBG) in 2018. There appears to be paucity on issues of internal communication from the perspectives of sense-making theory and situational crisis communication theory within the social constructivist perspective. The study sought to explore the gap within this area by studying the role of internal communication as a form of organisational crisis response strategy in the banking sector of Ghana, emphasising on the sense made of the communication processes, the communication channels employed and the response strategies of the banks. Using a case study design, interviews, focus group discussions and document analysis were conducted. The data gathered were thematically analysed. The findings were that the banks’ staff picked cues about the crisis from both internal and external sources, the banks employed face-to-face, electronic mails, intranet, social media, telephones and durbars to communicate the crisis internally, the banks employed the non-existing, distance and suffering communication strategies, whilst the sense made out of the crisis is that management and the BoG should both be blamed for the crisis that happened. The conclusions drawn from the findings are that internal communication was relatively poor in the banks. Management failed to communicate to staff about the crisis on time. This created a knowledge gap where management knew almost everything while staff knew very little. Finally, politics and mismanagement played a major role in the collapse of the banks.

Source: UEW
Internal Financial management practices in selected senior high schools in Ashanti region a comparative study of some selected schools in Mampong municipal area in Ghana

The main objective was to look at/examine the part play by internal financial management in the smooth administration of the selected Senior High Schools within suburb of Ashanti Region. Data were mainly Secondary type and have been gathered from the financial report / statement, of the selected Schools in Ashanti Region. These include the income statement, financial position or balance sheets for the period of four years (2012 to 2015), main cash books, journal and students bills. Primary data was used as complementary through discussion with management, senior house masters and some other heads of departments of the various Senior High Schools. Descriptive and quantitative methods of data analysis were both used. The main sources of funds to the targeted Schools were internally and externally generated funds which include Government of Ghana grants (GoG), School Fees (IGF), GET Funds/HIPC, Scholarship and PTA dues. However, the results have indicated that the major sources of income to the Schools are Government of Ghana grant (GoG) and internally generated funds. Despite that, other sources of income to the Schools are Parent-Teacher Association dues, personal emolument and GET Funds. The analysis of forms of expenditure revealed that expenditure of internally generated funds (IGF) is the leading component of total expenditure apart from Government subsidy expenditure at St. Monica‘s Senior High School and Nsutaman Catholic Senior High School .The findings indication that the major expenditure component of Nsutaman Catholic Senior High School is Government of Ghana grants. The discovering on analysis of total income, total expenditure and surplus /deficit revealed that both the Schools recorded some surplus year by year. The annual surplus, however, of St. Monica‘s Senior High School was excessive ranging from 1% to 59% of total annual income.

Source: UEW
Internet of things framework design for senior high schools in Ghana

Stakeholders of our educational system/sector currently face a significant challenge of school management and administration including (monitoring, supervision, and control activities) of staff, students, and material resources. That is, in recent times there is a rise in cases of kidnapping, fraudsters, illegal entry of school through the fence, rampant stealing, monitoring, and invigilation challenges that need to be addressed with an IoT application technology in our senior high schools in Ghana. This study aims to identify the key areas for the design of an IoT framework. Purposefully, this research is to assist schools to overcome the numerous challenges faced by providing intelligent collaboration and connectivity with devices. In it, the researcher reviewed related literature on IoT framework design, conceptual and theoretical review of concepts, and related theories to the study. To gather factual evidence in support of the research problem, further literature was discussed on various smart campuses and IoT frameworks and their connection or relationship with the IoT design the researcher proposed at the end of the study. The researcher adopted a methodology of an outline of steps generally use for designing IoT frameworks. Seven basic methodological steps were adopted in the design process starting from the purpose and requirement specification through to the framework functionality/operations. These steps and design tools serve as the basis for the design of my framework purposely directed for senior high schools in Ghana. Meanwhile, the researcher produced a simulation of the framework design in direct relation to areas of specification of the reviewed frameworks and models in the literature review. Furthermore, the researcher recommended that further research can be conducted on IoT security and privacy issues to ensure a well-secured IoT design. Finally, after going through all these studies, the researcher was confident to state in clear evidence that the outline of steps adopted indeed yielded to the design of the proposed IoT framework for senior high schools in Ghana.

Source: UEW
Internship Supervision Training: Perception and Experiences of Supervisors in Tertiary Institutions in Ghana

The study focused on the perception and experiences of internship supervisors in tertiary institutions, specifically, University of Education, Winneba (UEW), regarding internship supervision training they served as participants. Using a descriptive quantitative survey, a sample of 179 out of 315 faculty members were conveniently sampled for the study. The perception and experiences of respondents were measured using an adapted scale developed by De Vellis (2012). The data collected were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. The study revealed that internship supervisors had positive perception and experiences about internship supervision training. However, their perception and experiences were not influenced by their gender. Therefore, it was concluded that internship supervisors had positive perception and experiences about the need for internship supervision training. It was recommended that tertiary institutions in Ghana, specifically, UEW which is mandated to provide schools with quality professional teachers, make internship supervision training a core component of selecting supervisors to assess interns during internship so that the best and most qualified faculty member can be used for this vital activity. � 2022, North American Business Press. All rights reserved.

Source: UEW
Interrogating the forms of communication between teachers unions in Secondi- Takoradi Metropolitan area

This research examined the forms of communication between teacher unions and their members in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolitan Area. The study aimed at identifying the various communication media used by the Ghana National Association of Teachers (GNAT), and the National Association of Graduate Teachers (NAGRAT) in interacting with their members. The researcher employed a qualitative in-depth interviews and a purposive sampling size to collect data from four executives of the two teacher unions that formed the subject of the study, as well as four members of these unions in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolitan Area. Documents collected from the researcher from the executives were also analysed by the researcher. The findings were that executives of the two teacher unions used letters, circulars, memos, telephones, face-to-face, as well as new media and communication technology to communicate to their members. The study also revealed that executives used the forms of communication mentioned above to disseminate timely information, ensure efficiency in communication, create rapport with stakeholders, and also improve image of the organisation. Members of these teacher unions who were also interviewed expressed satisfaction with the forms of communication used to interact with them, but also called on union executives to prioritise integrated communication which combines both traditional and new media, and also advocated a more improved communication with members.

Source: UEW
Interrogation of dialogic potential of university websites in Ghana

The purpose of this paper is to examine the dialogic features of university websites in Ghana and their potential for interacting with existing students while wooing potential students. This study was executed via a content analysis of university websites in Ghana. The results of the study show that Ghanaian universities adequately utilize the dialogic principles as proposed by Kent and Taylor (1998) in designing their websites. The findings show a preponderance in use of the dialogic loop principle by the sampled institutions in Ghana. However, the results also show poor performance by the sampled institutions on return visit principle. The research paper contributes to the scarce literature on dialogic potential of websites in a developing country context. � The Author(s) 2013.

Source: UEW
Interrogation of dialogic potential of university websites in Ghana

The purpose of this paper is to examine the dialogic features of university websites in Ghana and their potential for interacting with existing students while wooing potential students. This study was executed via a content analysis of university websites in Ghana. The results of the study show that Ghanaian universities adequately utilize the dialogic principles as proposed by Kent and Taylor (1998) in designing their websites. The findings show a preponderance in use of the dialogic loop principle by the sampled institutions in Ghana. However, the results also show poor performance by the sampled institutions on return visit principle. The research paper contributes to the scarce literature on dialogic potential of websites in a developing country context.

Source: UEW
Interruption and overlap an analysis of classroom discourse

This study sought to analyse all instances of simultaneous talk in classroom discourse. The study specifically ascertained the kind of interruptions and overlaps that occurred in the classroom discourse, determined the functions of interruptions and overlaps in the classroom discourse and examined the effects of interruptions and overlaps in the classroom discourse. The researcher adopted the qualitative research approach and case study design. The target population of this study constituted Junior High School (JHS) pupils from Bediako Memorial Institute, Gateway School Complex and Jonasu Academy in Kasoa, a town in the Central Region of Ghana. The researcher utilised recorded classroom lessons to form the basis for the qualitative analysis. The result showed that interruptions such as silent interruptions, butting-in interruption, simple interruption as kinds of interruptions while choral overlap, transitional overlap, conditional access to the turn as the kinds of overlap that occurred in the classroom. The study revealed that topic repair, topic shift, means of showing power, means of showing interest topics under discussion are the major functions of interruptions and overlap in the classroom discourse. The study again revealed that interruptions and overlaps functioned as a signal of solidarity, unity and cohesion in the classroom discourse. On effect, understanding of subject matter and consistency and coherence are the result of interruptions and overlap in the classroom discourse. Based on these, it is argued that interruptions and overlaps in classroom discourse are key elements that foster understanding between teachers and students in the classroom.

Source: UEW
Interruption and overlap, an analysis of classroom discourse

This study sought to analyse all instances of simultaneous talk in classroom discourse. The study specifically ascertained the kind of interruptions and overlaps that occurred in the classroom discourse, determined the functions of interruptions and overlaps in the classroom discourse and examined the effects of interruptions and overlaps in the classroom discourse. The researcher adopted the qualitative research approach and case study design. The target population of this study constituted Junior High School (JHS) pupils from Bediako Memorial Institute, Gateway School Complex and Jonasu Academy in Kasoa, a town in the Central Region of Ghana. The researcher utilised recorded classroom lessons to form the basis for the qualitative analysis. The result showed that interruptions such as silent interruptions, butting-in interruption, simple interruption as kinds of interruptions while choral overlap, transitional overlap, conditional access to the turn as the kinds of overlap that occurred in the classroom. The study revealed that topic repair, topic shift, means of showing power, means of showing interest topics under discussion are the major functions of interruptions and overlap in the classroom discourse. The study again revealed that interruptions and overlaps functioned as a signal of solidarity, unity and cohesion in the classroom discourse. On effect, understanding of subject matter and consistency and coherence are the result of interruptions and overlap in the classroom discourse. Based on these, it is argued that interruptions and overlaps in classroom discourse are key elements that foster understanding between teachers and students in the classroom.

Source: UEW
An intertextual analysis of Yaw Boadu Ayeboafoh’s feature articles in the daily graphic newspaper

Intertextuality is the influence and presence of previous texts in the construction of the new one. It is the relation of each text with the text surrounding it. Intertextuality has become common among mass media reporters and writers because they use it as a tool to serve their own purposes. This study investigated the intertextuality of Yaw Boadu Ayeboafoh‘s feature articles in the Daily Graphic Newspaper. The purpose of the study was to examine the types, function, and the effects of intertextuality in the articles. To this end, 27 articles were selected and examined. The results revealed that out of the types of intertextuality, making reference to a person, document or statement dominated. The study further showed that intertextuality fulfilled nine functions in the articles. It also concluded that the intertextualities were used for different purposes, for example, to name and shame people, to reinforce the argument he puts forward and to make the articles credible as well as expressive.

Source: UEW
Interventions and retention of the girl-child education in junior high schools in Agona West Municipality

Education is a fundamental human right, and ensuring that girls receive quality education is not just their human right but a global development priority. This study investigated girl-child education interventions and retention of the girl-child in JHSs in Agona West Municipality. The study sought to investigate the various girl education intervention programmes instituted to promote girl-child education at the basic school level in the Agona West Municipality and to find out how these programmes could be expanded to retain girls in school. The research approach adopted was qualitative. The study collected primary data through interviews with a sample size of 20 participants (comprising female students, head teachers, parents, teachers, Girl-Child coordinator, and Gender desk coordinator in the municipal assembly), using semi-structured interview guides and focused-group discussions. Findings of the study were that the municipality has rolled out several programmes intended at promoting girl-child education through solitary and collaborative efforts by the Ghana Education Service, the Municipal Assembly as well as local and international donors. On the expectations of female students regarding the programmes, three themes were developed; provision of incentive packages; empowerment of parents through financial support; and interventions backed by law. The study revealed four major contributions of the girl-child intervention programmes namely improved enrolment and retention of female children; lessening of financial burden on parents; society reconsider on their stance on the value of female education; and improved health of female children. Concerning expanding the interventions, the participants advocated for parental intervention, mentorship programmes, intensification of existing programmes, and parental education. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended, among others that the Municipal Assembly in collaboration with the Municipal Education Directorate (GES) need to resource the girl-child education unit adequately to enable facilitators help in implementing girl-child education programmes in the municipality. In addition, it was recommended that local civil society organizations, educated citizens occupying recognized positions need to be encouraged to play meaningful roles in advocating for the elimination of cultural practices and beliefs that remain hindrance to girl-child education in the municipality.

Source: UEW
Intra-lineage chieftaincy conflict on socio-economic development of the Sefwi Wiawso traditional area

The interest of the researcher is to examine the effects of violent intra-lineage chieftaincy conflict on family relationships, the provision of social services, and ultimately, the livelihood of people in the Sefwi Wiawso Traditional Area. The researcher used a qualitative approach and narrative design to collect data from a sample of 25 respondents from Aboduam, Attaboka, Boinzan, Bosomoiso-Afereɛ and Wiawso. The researcher used semi-structured interview guide for the primary data sources and written documents, articles, news prints for the secondary sources of data for the study. The results of the study revealed that production in agriculture, commerce and industry have been adversely affected. Furthermore, the violent conflict has led to loss of assets, valued at several millions of Ghana cedis. The resultant insecurity diverts the attention of government and the Municipal/District Assembly from tackling pressing developmental issues. There was mutual effects of intra-lineage chieftaincy conflict and socio-economic development of people of the Sefwi Wiawso Traditional Area. Therefore, it is recommended that education and effective dialogue should be used by stakeholders to manage the conflict.

Source: UEW
Intra-seasonal variations in urban land surface temperature in two cities in Sierra Leone: the challenge of using a single-date image to represent a whole season

The use of a single date remotely sensed image to represent seasonal land surface temperature (LST) is a common practice whose reliability has not been tested, even though that might be unrepresentative of the season. Through remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques, this paper examined the effects of using a single date image to represent the whole season by quantifying the intra-seasonal (intra- and inter-month) LST variations in Freetown (coastal city) and Bo (inland city), Sierra Leone. Multi-date Landsat images within three months (two images per month) in the dry season were used to retrieve the LST using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) threshold method. The results showed that the spatial structures of LST were not uniform on different dates during the same season in both cities. LST differed by as much as 2��C for scenes within the same month and as much as 4��C between scenes of different months. The results also showed that the highest intra- and inter-month LST variations were recorded in Freetown than in Bo. This is attributed to the combined influences of the�proximity to the ocean, the mountain ranges and surface characteristics in Freetown. Thus, within a season, urban surface temperature varies not just in space based on the surface characteristics but also the variations between two urban areas could be significantly high. This renders surface temperature analysis based on a single date image unrepresentative due to the inability to incorporate such variability. The use of multi-date images could be more representative and can improve studies on urban LST. � 2021, Korean Spatial Information Society.

Source: UEW
Introduction: Introduction to contemporary issues in african science education

The purpose of this book is to contextualize Indigenous science and science education in the African context as a way of reconsidering/revising schooling and education. We define science broadly to include both the science of the natural/physical/biological and the 'science of the social'. By 'science of the social' we mean science defined broadly to include the nexus of the physical, social, natural and biological terrains of knowledge which can be taken up equally as methodological tools and ways of knowing providing a more comprehensive understanding of our worlds. Perhaps African education continues to be a subject of intense intellectual discussion. � 2012 Sense Publishers. All Rights Reserved.

Source: UEW