ghanaopendata/ghanaian-research-english huggingface dataset:
Repeated clinical malaria episodes are associated with modification of the immune system in children

Background There are over 200 million reported cases of malaria each year, and most children living in endemic areas will experience multiple episodes of clinical disease before puberty. We set out to understand how frequent clinical malaria, which elicits a strong inflammatory response, affects the immune system and whether these modifications are observable in the absence of detectable parasitaemia. Methods We used a multi-dimensional approach comprising whole blood transcriptomic, cellular and plasma cytokine analyses on a cohort of children living with endemic malaria, but uninfected at sampling, who had been under active surveillance for malaria for 8 years. Children were categorised into two groups depending on the cumulative number of episodes experienced: high (≥ 8) or low (< 5). Results We observe that multiple episodes of malaria are associated with modification of the immune system. Children who had experienced a large number of episodes demonstrated upregulation of interferon-inducible genes, a clear increase in circulating levels of the immunoregulatory cytokine IL-10 and enhanced activation of neutrophils, B cells and CD8⁺ T cells. Conclusion Transcriptomic analysis together with cytokine and immune cell profiling of peripheral blood can robustly detect immune differences between children with different numbers of prior malaria episodes. Multiple episodes of malaria are associated with modification of the immune system in children. Such immune modifications may have implications for the initiation of subsequent immune responses and the induction of vaccine-mediated protection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12916-019-1292-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Source: UG
Report addressed to the Earl of Clarendon by the Committee on the East African Slave Trade, dated January 24, 1870.

In accordance with your Lordship's instructions we have given our careful attention to the subject of the Slave Trade on the East Coast of Africa, and to the measures necessary for its suppression, and we beg to submit the following observations for your Lordship's consideration. It may be well, however, before proceeding to state the conclusions to which we have come, that we should give a brief sketch of the Traffic, and of the mode in which it is at present carried on.

Source: UG
Report and Recommendations of the Committee appointed by His Excellency the Governor in March, 1928, to consider the problems created by the closure of Inefficient Schools.

At a meeting of the Board of Education held in the Council Chamber, Accra, on the 12th March, 1928, various motions were brought forward by the representatives of Missionary bodies aiming at dealing with the situation which had arisen in certain schools through the introduction, of the Education Ordinance, No. 21 of 1925, and the Rules made thereunder.

Source: UG
Report by the Conservator of Forests on Plantations in the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast.

Three plantations or Agricultural Stations were inspected, viz: at Tamale, Yendi and Wa. The largest is at Yendi and was begun by the Germans many years ago, but there is no record as to when, there are three large Teak trees in the plantation which appear to be between 25 and 30 years old so it may be assumed that the age of the plantation is not more than 30 years.

Source: UG
Report from the Committee on African Forts

The Committee, to whom the Petition of the Committee of the Company of Merchants trading to Africa, was referred, to examine the Matter thereof, and report the same, as it should appear to them, with their observations thereupon, to The House; and to whom the Reports which upon the 13th and 26th days of June, in the last Session of Parliament, were made from the Committee appointed to examine the Matters of the several Papers, which were presented to The House upon the 9th day of May, 1816, from the Company of Merchants trading to Africa, were also referred;- Have, pursuant to the Order of the House, examined the Matters to them referred; and agreed to the following Report:

Source: UG
Report from the Select Committee on Papers Relating to the African Forts

The Committee to whom the several Papers which were presented to The House upon the 9th day of this instant May, from the Committee of the Company of Merchants trading to Africa, were referred, to examine the Matter thereof, and report the same, with their observations thereupon, to The House; and to whom the Petition of the Committee of the Company of Merchants trading to Africa, and the Copy of the Report of the Commissioners sent out by His Majesty’s Government, to investigate the state of the Settlements and Forts on the Coast of Africa, were also referred; and who were empowered to report the Minutes of Evidence taken before them to The House;- Have, pursuant to the Order of The House, examined the Matters to them referred, and have agreed to the following Report:

Source: UG
Report from the Select Committee on the West Coast of Africa; together with the Minutes of Evidence, Appendix and Index. (Part II - Appendix and Index)

Report of Her Majesty’s Commissioner of Inquiry on the State of the British Settlements on the Gold Coast, at Sierra Leone, and the Gambia, with some observations on the Foreign Slave - Trading Factories along the Western Coast of Africa, in the Year 1841.

Source: UG
Report from the Select Committee on the West Coast of Africa; together with the Minutes of Evidence, Appendix, and Index. (Part I- Report and Evidence)

The Select Committee appointed to inquire into the State of the British Possessions on the West Coast of Africa, more especially with reference to their present Relations with the neighbouring Native Tribes, and who were empowered to Report their Observations, together with the Minutes of Evidence taken before them, to The House.

Source: UG
Report of the 1st African Enteric Viruses Genome Initiative data and Bioiniformatics workshop on whole genome analysis of some African rotavirus strains held in Bloemfontein, South Africa

The main research focus of the Electron Microscopy and Histopathology Department in the past 20 years has been in the areas of enteric diarrhoeas with special emphasis on rotavirus. Through its diarrhoea surveillance studies, the Department has helped to firmly establish rotaviruses as a major cause of diarrhoea in children, and document the circulation of unusual rotavirus genotypes in Ghana. The Department has also recently expanded its diagnostic repertoire to include the identification and characterization of noroviruses, astroviruses, and other enteric viruses.

Source: UG
Report of the Achimota Conference

The Conference to consider the Report of the Constitutional Adviser, Sir Frederick Bourne, K.C.S.l.C.I.E., and matters arising therefrom was convened by the Prime Minister of the Gold Coast, the Honourable Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, M.L.A., LL.D., who later agreed that the terms of reference of the Conference should be enlarged to include matters raised in correspondence by the Asanteman Council and by the National Liberation Movement and its allies.

Source: UG
Report of the Commission of Enquiry into the Gold Coast Co-Operative Wholesale Establishment Limited March 1954

We were appointed on the 19th day of May 1953, as Commissioners under the Commissions of Enquiry Ordinance (CAP. 209) to carry out an investigation into the Co-operative Wholesale Establishment Limited? (hereinafter referred to as the C.W.E.). Our terms of reference were as fol1ows:- "To enquire into and report upon (a) the financial position and trading methods of the Gold Coast Co-operative Wholesale Establishment Limited; and (b) any irregularities in the operation of the affairs of the Gold Coast Co-operative Wholesale Establishment Limited which come to light in the course of the enquiry". 2. We commenced our hearings on the 26th day or May~ 19539 and sat in Accra from the 26th to the 29th of Mayo We then9 with the Governor's permission? adjourned further hearings until the 21st September, 1953, as one of the Commissioners (Mr. Hinterman) was proceeding on leave, and also to enable certain audits and investigations to be carried out.

Source: UG
Report of the Commission of Enquiry into the Gold Coast Co-Operative wholesale Establishment Limited March 1954 Volume III

We have now completed our audit of the books end records or the Gold Coast Co-operative Whole8ale Establishment Limited for the year ended 27th June, 1953, and attach hereto Balanco Sheet a6 at 27th June, 1953, together with Trading and Profit and Loss Account for the year ending that date and the following schedule

Source: UG
Report of the Commission on the Civil Service of the Gold Coast, 1951 – 51. (Vol. 1 &amp;2)

“To investigate and report on changes which, in order to improve efficiency and economy in administration and to secure elimination of waste, are necessary in relation to organisation, staffing and cadre, and operative methods of all Government departments, and to make recommendations; and further to investigate and report on changes in remuneration of all grades of the Public Service which are necessary to secure more efficient and economic administration, and to make recommendations.”

Source: UG
Report of the Committee appointed by the His Excellency the Governor in May, 1923 to consider certain matters which were discussed at the meeting of the Board of Education held on the 16th March, 1923, and to make Recommendations.

In accordance with the decisions of His Excellency the Governor as President of the Board of Education at the Meeting of the Board held on the 16th March, 1923, a Committee was, by letter from the Colonial Secretary's Office dated 22nd May, 1923, appointed to consider the following questions; - (a) Fees in Government Schools, (b) Inspection and Registration of Schools and (c) Grants to Secondary Schools.

Source: UG
Report of the Committee appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies to formulate a scheme for the establishment in British West Africa of a College for. The training of Medical Practitioners and the creation and training of an Auxiliary Service of Medical Assistants

The establishment of a Medical School in British West Africa has been contemplated for many years. It has been stated that at the beginning of the century the late Sir William MacGregor, Governor of Lagos, was responsible for first advocating the desirability of such a scheme. Since that date, the subject has .been under consideration from time to time and in I92I Dr. J. M. O'Brien, Senior Medical Officer, visited Dakar and submitted a report on the School of Medicine there, on the lines of which it was suggested that a School of Medicine should be established in British West Africa. The formulation of a detailed scheme was, however, at that time considered to be premature, as the facilities for general education up to the required standard were lacking.

Source: UG
Report of the Committee appointed by the Secretary of the State for the Colonies to formulate a scheme for the establishment in Britain West Africa of a College for the training of Medical Practitioners and the creation and training of an Auxiliary Service of Medical Assistants.

The establishment of a Medical School in British West Africa has been contemplated for many years. It has been stated that at the beginning of the century the late Sir William MacGregor, Governor of Lagos, was responsible for first advocating the desirability of such a scheme. Since that date, the subject has been under consideration from time to time and in 1921 Dr. J. M. O'Brien, Senior Medical Officer, visited Dakar and submitted a report on the School of Medicine there, on the lines of which it was suggested that a School of Medicine should be established in British West Africa. The formulation of a detailed scheme was, however, at that time considered to be premature, as the facilities for general education up to the required standard were lacking.

Source: UG
Report of the Committee appointed in 1932 by the Governor of the Gold Coast Colony to inspect the Prince of Wales College and School, Achimota

Report of the Committee appointed in 1932 by the Governor of the Gold Coast Colony to inspect the Prince of Wales College and School, Achimota Sections 35 of the Achimota college and School ordinance provides for the inspection of the college in 1932 and once in every succeeding five years by four inspectors who shall be empowered to inquire into all matters relating to the system of education obtaining at the college and generally into the affairs of the college. We were appointed by the governor for this purpose and informed that the section of the ordinance quoted above constituted our terms of reference.

Source: UG
Report of the Committee managing a fund raised by some friends, for the purpose of promoting African Instruction; with an account of a visit to the Gambia and Sierra Leone.

The present publication is offered to the notice of the Society of Friends, by a Committee, to whom was confided the management of a small fund, raised by members of that society, for the purpose of promoting African Instruction: an object which, superior as it is in intrinsic importance, even to the vindication of the personal rights of that oppressed people, may be admitted by us, who feel interested in in their welfare, to have, at least, an equal claim upon our attention.

Source: UG
Report of the Gold Coast Mines Boards of enquiry 1959

We sat in public in Takoradi on the 20th, 21st, 23rd, 24th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th, 30th and 31st days of January, 1956 and on the 1st, 3rd, 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th days of February, 1956 to hear the submissions of the parties to the dispute. On Sunday, 5th February 1956, we visited the Amalgamated Banket Areas Ltd. mine and the Taquah and Abosso Mines Ltd. mine (which had then just closed down) and inspected some of the companies' houses for employees and the Amalgamated Banket Areas Ltd. hospital. Both of these mines are in the Tarkwa area. On Saturday, 11th February 1956, we visited the property of Consolidated African Selection Trust Ltd. at Akwatia, and as some of the company's employees weri!not on strike we saw some of the company's mining operations. We also visited some of the houses of the company's employees and inspected the hospital. On both days we were accompanied by representatives of the Employers and of the Union. One member visited the Ashanti Goldfields Corporation Ltd. on the 5th April, 1956, accompanied by the Secretary to the Board, and was shown some of the employees' housing, the hospital and the Eaton Turner development shaft

Source: UG
Report of the Road- Rail Transport Committee

In the case of a Government Railway such as the Gold Coast Railway, we hold the· view that the well-known principle of rating according to what the traffic can hear must give way to the importance in the public interest, of charging the lowest possible rate consistent with efficient transport and the, avoidance of subsidy from taxation. The Railway rates in the Gold Coast are distinctly high, and the aim should be to reduce them, but we recognize that the possibility of reduction depends mainly on the securing of the Cocoa traffic for carriage by rail. It is moreover, impossible to estimate now with accuracy what the post-war losses of revenue on passengers and other goods traffic.

Source: UG
Report of the Tongu Rural Survey Held in the Areas of the Upper and Central Tongu April, 1953

This small s0uvenir booklet is being sent out to all who took part in the Rural Survey organized by the Department of Extra-Mural Studies of the University College of the Gold Coast in April, 1953. It is intended ONLY for those who' took part, and a small certificate of attendance will also be sent to them later.

Source: UG
Report of the Tongu Rural Survey held in the areas of the Upper and Central Tongu Local Councils.

The aims of the Survey were: - to give students an understanding of social survey techniques, to conduct an enquiry into the economic position of part of Tongu, with particular emphasis on water supply, and present a report to the Local Councils concerned, the District Council and the Regional Administration and to improve public knowledge of a little-known and under-developed area of the Gold

Source: UG
Report on a Visit to Nigeria –November to December 1945

I visited Nigeria during November and December, 1945 with instructions: to report on such of the Department of Agriculture's recent work as would be of interest and instruction to ourselves in framing our plans of research and development., It was hope that in matters of research we might be able to avoid the duplication of effort . which has been an unfortunate feature or past work in the Wes t African Colonies; that t in developing internal markets each colony should be aware of the work done by the other and that there should be collusion in the production and marketing of any product for which there Was a ready place in the .world -market

Source: UG
Report on some economic problems of the northern territories of the Gold Coast 1952

As you know, I was asked last year by the Territorial Council of the Northern Territories to continue the economic survey, undertaken by Dr. Raeburn, in the light of the changes which have occurred and the additional experience which has been gained since he visited the Northern Territories. I have not attempted to cover the same ground as he did it would have been presumptuous on my part and a waste of my time and yours

Source: UG
Report on some economic problems of the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast.

An appreciable amount of work has already been done during the last thirty years and more concerning the improvement of yields of individual Shea trees, the estimation of density of the tree population throughout the Northern Territories, the estimation of average yields per tree, as well as studies of various local methods of butter extraction and their efficiency, and of the uses to which the butter is being put. Such investigations, though extremely valuable, have suffered from a certain lack of continuity. Recently, the French Institute for Research into Oils and Oil-bearing plants (I.R.H.O.) have set up a special Research Station at Nyangoloko in the Upper Volta, one of whose main purposes is to study Shea trees, including the possibility of speeding up growth and improving yields by such means as grafting. It might be to the interest of the Northern Territories if liaison were established with the station at Nyangoloko for possible co-operation in the study of the problem.

Source: UG
Report On the Enquiry into Begging and Destitution in the Gold Coast 1954

Within recent years there seems to have been a sudden increase in the number of persons found begging in the streets of the larger towns of the Gold Coast. The public have expressed concern at the sight of dirty and mentally defective people lying about in the road or on the sidewalks. In a rapidly developing country some provision has to be made for handicapped people when the problem assumes striking proportions. For this reason one or two previous attempts have been made to determine the number of Destitute in different towns in the country.

Source: UG
Report on the objections lodged with the Colonial Secretary against the application of the Municipal Corporations Ordinance, 1924 to the town of Accra with minutes of evidence.

The Municipal Corporations Ordinance 1924 (no. 29 of 1924) was passed by the Legislative Council on the 30th July, 1924, it received the acting governor's assent on the 30th August, 1924, and was published on the 23rd September, 1924, in gazette no. 77 of 1924. It is provided by section 186 of part IX of the Ordinance that the Governor may, subject to a resolution of the Legislative Council, apply the Ordinance to any town of the colony provided that notice of such resolution was published in the gazette not less than two months before such resolution is moved in the legislative council. In virtue thereof a notice in the following terms was published on the 13th September in gazette no. 71 of 1924, and again on the 23rd September, 1924 in gazette no. 77 of 1924 (i.e. the same gazette in which the Ordinance appeared)

Source: UG
The representation of ISVC in C and F structures of LFG: A proposal

Serial Verb Constructions (SVCs) have been analysed in Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) as complex predicates with all the verbs sharing all the arguments in the construction (Bodomo 1997, 2002). In this paper, I argue that the complex predicate analysis amounts to an overgeneralization of the sharing relations that usually characterise the verbs in an SVC, since there are instances where some arguments are not shared. In its place, I propose an analysis in which shared arguments are put into the functional structure of the parent VP so that its properties can be inherited by any verb that shares that argument. Any argument that is not shared will occur with the verb with which it is associated only in the functional structure of that verb.

Source: UG
The representation of women in Ghanaian radio commercials: Sustaining or challenging gender stereotypes?

The relationship between gender and advertising has been discussed extensively. Scholarly works have often emanated from the West and have principally centred on visual advertisements, rather than radio (which plays a critical role in the lives of many Africans). Most of these studies have centred on how women are represented in traditionally stereotyped ways. However, recent studies have shown decreases in these stereotypes as ways of responding to changes in gender roles. But do gender-related adverts from Africa reflect the changing statuses and roles of African women (some of which challenge traditional gender stereotypes)? This article investigates how women are represented in Ghanaian radio commercials and indicates whether such representations reproduce, reinforce, or challenge feminine practices. An analysis of thirty-seven gender-related adverts reveals that, although women are rarely represented as challenging gender stereotypes, they are sometimes represented as using certain traditionally stereotyped roles as sources of ‘power’ to challenge other stereotypes. (Advertising, gender stereotypes, women, radio, Ghana, ideals of femininity)*

Source: UG
Representations of Mental Illness in a Ga Community in Southern Ghana

This study explored lay concepts about and attributions of mental illness in a Ga community in southern Ghana. The study’s sample consisted of 11 Ga men and 12 Ga women, ranging in age from 30-81. Participants completed one-on one interviews. Participants ascribed to polyphasic attributions of mental illness including biomedical and spiritual explanations. Attributions informed understandings of help-seeking behavior. Stigma was recognized as an im portant factor in the lived experience of people with mental illness. The recognition of individual distress as a marker of mental illness seemed less prominent than social indicators. Our interviewees’ narratives highlighted the importance of the social context in identifying and making meaning of mental illness in the community of study

Source: UG