ghanaopendata/ghanaian-research-english huggingface dataset:
Aligning bottom-up initiatives and top-down policies? A comparative analysis of overfishing and coastal governance in Ghana, Tanzania, the Philippines, and Thailand

As coastal communities across the Global South confront the multiple challenges of climate change, overfishing, poverty and other socio-environmental pressures, there is an increasing need to understand diverse coastal governance responses and livelihood trajectories from a comparative perspective. This paper presents a holistic investigation of the pressures coastal communities face in four countries and examines possible meeting points between bottom-up initiatives and top-down policies. We compare the experiences of eight fishing areas in Ghana, Tanzania, Thailand and the Philippines and ask how small-scale fishing communities perceive overfishing and other socio-environmental pressures; what factors determine the success and failure of coastal governance initiatives; and how different initiatives can be made congruent to improve coastal, rural development outcomes. Results from an extensive survey of 835 fisherfolk and semi-structured interviews with 196 key informants show that overfishing remains a significant driver of livelihood trajectories in the communities and that fisherfolk respond through informal mechanisms of collective action. Drawing from these diverse experiences, we propose viewing coastal livelihood trajectories through the integrated dimensions of socio-environmental relationships and coastal governance options and discuss implications that address institutional scalar flexibility, illegal fishing, and persistent marginalisation. � 2022 Elsevier Ltd

Source: UEW
Aluminium statues and the immortalisation of Ghanaian sporting legends

The study was a studio-based research on Aluminium statues and the immortalisation of Ghanaian sporting legends, that exhibits praxis and exegesis of Azumah Nelson’s statue. It advances the immortalization of Ghana’s most outstanding sporting legend and material sustainability which is rendered in scrap aluminium sculpture. It encourages the Ghanaian sculptor to contribute positively to Ghana’s history by sculpting Ghana’s sports legends in their daily practice. The study was premised on the fact that quite a number of statues in Ghana are produced to honour the kings, politicians and individuals without the consideration of sports icons who in their own way contributed largely to the development of Ghana. Within the praxis, a sculptural artefact of a sporting icon, Azumah Nelson was created using scrap aluminium. The research employed qualitative research method to collect data and to analyse the data on how scrap aluminium could be used as a material to cast a statue. Semi-Structured interviews and observation were used. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sporting legend for the study. The clay model was built and the resulting mother mould was created using P.O.P and sand combinations for the newly created wax sculpture. This was eventually de-waxed in a kiln and the molten aluminium metal poured into it (mould) at the foundry to create Azumah Nelson’s Statue. Though aluminium is scarcely used to sculpt, the finished work proved the viability of modelling in sculpture with aluminium. The outcome of the study indicated that there are quite a number of sportsmen and women who have contributed immensely to the development of Ghana but have not been recognised officially in forms of statue and therefore a lot must be done to correct or remedy the situation. It also shows that the material, aluminium, is the cheapest among all the traditional materials; it is sustainable and does not rust, and above all it has greater resistance to the external forces of the weather as compared to concrete statues.

Source: UEW
Alumni perceptions of their alma mater of a public university in Ghana

The purpose of the study was to examine alumni perceptions of their alma mater, thus University of Education, Winneba – Kumasi Campus (UEW-K) in Ghana. The study was a cross-sectional survey of 750 respondents using structured questionnaire personally administered. A usable 408 questionnaire were returned, representing 54.5% response rate and analysed using SPSS Version 20.0. The study found six (6) items highly rated by the alumni as activities carried out by their alma mater, with the highest being academic programs. Additionally, the alumni rated highly four (4) items they perceived as values they received from the university, with the highest being the qualification they obtained from the university. Furthermore, three (3) items were highly rated by the alumni as their willingness to give to their alma mater, with the highest being the desire to give. Recommendations are also made to management of the university to put in place the necessary measures to improve their activities. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge in the area of management and administration in higher education. Keywords: Alma Mater, Alumni, Giving, Higher Education, Management, Perception, University

Source: UEW
Amakye Dede Akan haelaefo nnwom no bi mu mpɛnsɛmpɛnsɛmu

Dwumadie yi yɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa Amakye Dede haelaefo nnwom ahodoɔ bi ho. Nhwehwɛmu yi botaeɛ ne sɛ ɛdaa nsɛmpɔ titire ne kasasuo ahodoɔ ne suahunu a ɛda adi wɔ nnwom no mu. Dwumadie yi kɔɔ so wɔ Obuase Mansini mu a ɛwɔ Asante mantam mu. Menam nkɔmmɔtwetwe so ne nnipa (50) dii nkitaho, a ɛmu aduanan (40) yɛ mmarima na du (10) yɛ mmaa a wɔn mfeɛ firi aduonunum (25) kɔsi aduɔson (70). Saa nnipa yi yɛ adwadifoɔ (10), kasɛtetɔnfoɔ (10), akyerɛkyerɛfoɔ (5), raduo adwumayɛfoɔ (5) na laefoban adwumayɛfoɔ (20). Menyaa nsɛm no bi nso wɔ nnwoma ahodoɔ mu. Nhwehwɛmu yi mu no, nsɛmpɔ titire a ɛdaa adi no bi ne sɛ ɔdɔ ma anigyeɛ, ɔdɔ ma abotɔyam, ɔdɔ som bo, ɔdɔ hyɛ nkuran, onipa biara hia ɔdɔ ne deɛ ɛkeka ho. Kasasuo ahodoɔ bi te sɛ anihanehane, kasakoa, nyinahɔmma, nteamudeɛ, mfoninyɛ, ɛbɛ, abirabɔ, sɛ-nipa, ampɛ mmuaeɛ asɛmmisa ne deɛ ɛkeka ho na ɛdaa adi. Afei, menyaa suahunu bi te sɛ aboterɛ, Akanfoɔ gyidie ne nea ɛkeka ho. Dwumadie no da no adi ma yɛhunu sɛ tete haelaefo mu nsɛm no tumi tu fo kyerɛ yɛn sɛdeɛ ɔdɔ ne suban bi da adi wɔ nnipa asetena mu. Megyinaa Hymes (1974) kasapa nnyinasoɔ adwenemsɛm (Tiɔri) so de kyerɛɛ sɛdeɛ kasapa tumi boa ma dwontofoɔ bi tumi di ne dwuma a ɛmfa ɔhaw biara mma. Yei nam so ma yɛhunu sɛ dwontoɔ mu no, ɛhia sɛ adwontofoɔ hwɛ sibeaberɛ, nnipa a wɔatwa ahyia, amammerɛ ne amanneɛ a ɛda adi na aboa wɔn ma wɔatumi afa nsɛmfua a ɛbɛboa ama wɔn dwumadie no ho ate

Source: UEW
Ambiguïtés lexicales et structurales dans la traduction assistée par l’ordinateur par rapport à la traduction humaine

This work analyses the problem of ambiguity in translation faced by computer assisted translation (CAT) tools. Our work was carried out through the examination of the production of a CAT tool in relation to human translation based on the Interpretative theory. We also analyzed a similar work to identify gaps to be addressed in ours. The point of departure in the study was that the production of the CAT tool is characterized by linguistic errors which impede the correct transfer of meaning. It was found out that these errors were as a result of inherent linguistic problems owing to lexical and structural ambiguity. Analysis of the production of a CAT tool confirmed that the computer is faced with problems of ambiguity in translation. The computer is unable to translate correctly lexical and structural ambiguity, because in such cases, a word, a phrase or sentence has more than one meaning. The analysis revealed that the inability of the computer to translate correctly lexical and structural ambiguity was due to its lack of contextual and real-world knowledge. The observation of the corpus enabled us to make a glaring finding: that the problems caused by lexical and structural ambiguity to the computer are solved by professional human translators; what is really ambiguous for the machine is not necessarily the case for humans. The study therefore highlighted its implications and suggested ways that could be helpful to the professional translators who use CAT tools in their work in order for the former to make efficient use of the latter. Keywords: Computer assisted translation; human translation; lexical ambiguity; structural ambiguity.

Source: UEW
Anaemia awareness, beliefs and practices among pregnant women: A baseline assessment at Brosankro community in Ghana.

Anaemia in pregnancy is among the top health threats in developing countries. Ghana has adopted several strategies over the years against anaemia but it remains a major cause of infant and maternal deaths. This paper assesses anaemia awareness levels, beliefs and practices among pregnant women of an endemic community. A baseline survey was conducted on 28 pregnant women randomly selected from first 100 consistent antenatal attendees from August to October 2011 at Brosankro Health Centre. The results show high anaemia consciousness with few respondents claiming no knowledge of the causes (3%) and effects (14%). The easily known cause of anaemia is poor diet (63%) followed by malaria (26%), worms (5%) and others (6%). Meanwhile, food sources that can fight anaemia are poorly known (18%). Cultural and religious beliefs in food restrictions exist and fairly a significant number of women (38%) are denied potential dietary nutrients. There are potential health risks (including anaemia) associated with existing practices since barriers to parasitic infections like malaria and worms via use of insecticide treated bed nets, intermittent preventive treatment, improved drinking water sources and effective handwashing are compromised. Respondents’ understanding on effective barriers against anaemia in pregnancy needs to be deepened.

Source: UEW
Analyse des besoins de communication du personnel de la sante en vue de l’elaboration d’un programme d’enseignement apprentissage du français sur objectifs specifiques

The research tried to analyse the need for using French in communication by the personnel of the health sector that come into contact with their francophone clients in the course of discharging their duties in some health centres in Ghana. The study of French is limited to the health personnel who are in charge of various duties in the selected hospitals. Analysis of the data collected through observation and questionnaires related to the need of French in the health sector clearly indicated that most of the health personnel cannot communicate with their francophone clients. Therefore the need for French in communication is essential to interact with these clients. It was also noted that this group of people need a designed programme based on French for specific purposes (FSP) at the health sector to equip the personnel with practical skills in the use of appropriate French Language. Again, the pedagogy of French for Specific Purposes was identified as an appropriate method of teaching and learning of functional French in their area of work. In other words, a more practical approach of teaching and learning of French for Specific Purposes should be adopted in order to enable health personnel use French for communication that they need to facilitate their work. The work recommends that FPS should be introduced and adopted as the best approach for equipping personnel in this sector with French for communication in Ghana.

Source: UEW
Analyse d’emploi de l’accord du passe compose employe avec l’auxiliaire avoir .Le cas des apprenants d’Assawinso Senior High School.

The investigation of the challenges faced by the Assawinso Senior High students in the learning of the French as a Foreign Language in the applying the agreement rules between the present perfect of the verbs with the auxiliary verb “avoir” in sentences formation remain a fundamental concept in French grammar. This concept poses significant difficulties for language learners. It can be complex and nuanced, leading to common errors and confusion. It also includes issues with verb conjugation, gender and number agreement, and sentence structure. We have tried in this research work, making note of the concept of the present perfect, the past participle and the object transitivity and complement. The problems were stated and justified, followed by our objectives, research questions and the plan of the work. Later, we described the areas of difficulties encountered by our students supported with a comprehensive literature relevant to the agreement rules between the auxiliary verb “avoir”, the present perfect form of verbs. We have used the qualitative and quantitative approach, the behaviourism and cognitive theories. By identifying and addressing the specific challenges observed, language instructors and learners can develop effective strategies to improve accuracy and mastery of this essential grammar concept, ultimately enhancing overall French language proficiency.

Source: UEW
Analyse morphosémantique des faux-amis (Français Anglais). étude de cas des apprenants du fle à Kwanyako Senior High School, Agona Kwanyako (Central Region Ghana).

"Morphosemantic false friends" refer to words in two languages that are similar in form (morphology) but differ in meaning (semantics). This linguistic phenomenon explores words in both English and French that often cause confusion, particularly among learners of French as a Foreign Language at Kwanyako Senior High School. These false friends do not only lead to misunderstandings but translation errors if their exact meanings are not properly understood. Studying these false friends helps in understanding the linguistic and cultural nuances between English and French, emphasizing the importance of precision in translation and language learning.This research aims to identify the most common false friends found in the written expressions of learners, investigate the sources of these false friends, and propose effective pedagogical strategies for teaching and learning them. A qualitative research method was employed, utilizing two tests and a questionnaire as tools for investigation. The findings confirmed the prevalence of false friends, a lack of awareness among learners, the influence of cultural differences, linguistic transfers and highlighted the need for curriculum enhancement. Based on these findings, we recommend that stakeholders incorporate the topic of false friends into the curriculum, provide teacher training and professional development, develop specialized teaching materials, utilize interactive learning methods, and initiate student awareness campaigns. We believe that if these recommendations are implemented, they will help resolve the issue and improve the teaching and learning of French as a foreign language in Ghana, particularly for students at Kwanyako Senior High School.

Source: UEW
Analyses of bending moment effect on the floors of modeled high rise buildings

Computer modeling aims at transforming the design process of buildings worldwide from the use of 2D to 3D, 4D and 5D design and coordination technologies. To investigate realistic values of bending moment and normal forces, a full three-dimension (3D) analysis is needed in order to obtain correct values, therefore the state of stress within a floor is more complex, in addition to the normal stresses due to bending which is huge and in most cases must be considered if failure is to be avoided. The purpose of this research is to study and compare the effect of bending moment on floors of modeled high rise buildings on elastic ground and firm ground. The research design was exploratory which made use of Complex Program Lira to design and calculate 18-storey residential buildings. The results indicate that for both models the maximum bending stress occurred at the first floors whiles the minimum bending stress occurred at the top floors. The bending stresses from second floor to the top floor are the same for each model. The model with elastic base foundation has high bending stress as compared to the model with firm base foundation by 30% for first floors and 28% for the subsequent floors. It could therefore be concluded that bending moment effect on the floors was greater in the model with elastic base than the model with firm base. � Research India Publications.

Source: UEW
Analysing common errors in the use of English adjective clauses a case study of St. Peter’s catholic basic school Ngleshie Amanfro

This study examined errors made in the adjective clauses by the students of St Peter‟s Catholic Basic School Ngleshie Amanfro. To achieve this, essays from 132 final year pupils were analyzed for different types of adjective clause errors. Interviews were also conducted to solicit information on trainees and teachers‟ view regarding adjective clause errors among students. The results are classified into two main categories: error types and causes of errors. The common errors committed by the participants were misuse or wrong use of relative pronouns, omission of relative pronouns, blend or use of both relative pronouns and personal pronouns and simple addition. Findings showed that participants committed more misuse errors than any types of adjective clause error identified in this study. The findings showed some major causes of these errors as: complexity of English language rules, students‟ poor reading habits, language transfer, inappropriate teaching methods and ignorance of the grammar rules or carelessness.

Source: UEW
Analysing concord errors in students’ communication in English the case of Walewale Presby Junior High School

The poor performance of students of Walewale Presbyterian Junior High School in concord and English in general has become enormous and hence a source of worry to parents, teachers and the general public. In this perspective, the main aim of this research work is to establish the reasons for the poor performance of students in the three areas of concord. In this study, qualitative research approach was used. Traditional grammar theory was used as a framework which provided the basis for the study. The instruments used to collect data were questionnaire, observation, test, and interview. The researcher conducted a pre-test which enabled him to ascertain the level of the problem. Analysis of data from the study revealed that the use of inappropriate teaching techniques by teachers of English, inadequate teaching and learning materials, lack of motivation from teachers and parents, failure of teachers to make grammar learning child-centred, and lack of qualified English teachers among others have contributed immensely to the students‘ poor performance in concord and English in general. Consequently, it has been suggested that schools should establish reading clubs and provide students with adequate reading materials so that they would be able to read wide and extensively. Government should improve basic schools libraries and provide schools with the needed teaching materials to facilitate the teaching and learning process of English language.

Source: UEW
Analysing concord errors in students’ communication in English: the case of Walewale Presby Junior High School

The poor performance of students of Walewale Presbyterian Junior High School in concord and English in general has become enormous and hence a source of worry to parents, teachers and the general public. In this perspective, the main aim of this research work is to establish the reasons for the poor performance of students in the three areas of concord. In this study, qualitative research approach was used. Traditional grammar theory was used as a framework which provided the basis for the study. The instruments used to collect data were questionnaire, observation, test, and interview. The researcher conducted a pre-test which enabled him to ascertain the level of the problem. Analysis of data from the study revealed that the use of inappropriate teaching techniques by teachers of English, inadequate teaching and learning materials, lack of motivation from teachers and parents, failure of teachers to make grammar learning child-centred, and lack of qualified English teachers among others have contributed immensely to the students‘ poor performance in concord and English in general. Consequently, it has been suggested that schools should establish reading clubs and provide students with adequate reading materials so that they would be able to read wide and extensively. Government should improve basic schools libraries and provide schools with the needed teaching materials to facilitate the teaching and learning process of English language

Source: UEW
Analysing reading comprehension skills among basic six pupils with hearing impairment at state school for the deaf, Adjei-Kojo, Accra

The purpose of this study was to understand the factors that militate against the Reading Comprehension Skills of Basic six (BS6) pupils of the State School for the Deaf at Adjei Kojo, Accra. A sample of 40, which included 19 teachers and 21 pupils who were selected using the simple random sampling and the purposive sampling techniques respectively, participated in the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the teachers, while actual intervention strategies in the form of organizing reading lessons were carried out with the pupils. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Frequency of scores and percentages were also calculated. The findings emphasized that, overdependence on class text books, lack of adequate sight vocabulary, pupils‟ inability to use sign language effectively and ineffective teaching approaches contributed to low level of reading comprehension among the pupils. However, the findings revealed that, the Language Experience Approach was found to be a very useful strategy in helping the pupils to overcome their reading comprehension difficulties.

Source: UEW
Analysing the effects of E-procurement adoption on supply chain performance in Ghana the role of organizational culture

The purpose of study is to examine the effects of e-procurement adoption on supply chain performance; exploring the role of organizational culture. The study was done in the theoretical framework of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Resource Based View (RBV) theory. The study adopted quantitative research approach and positivism as a research philosophy. A cross-sectional design, descriptive and inferential research designs were adopted. Data was collected from 200 workers in the University of Education, Winneba, using self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviations and relative importance index were used to analyze the data collected. Also, inferential statistics such as regression analysis and correlational analysis were additionally used to analyse the data collected. The study found that the adoption of e-procurement at the University of Education, Winneba, is moderate. The results indicate a positive and statistically significant relationship between e-procurement adoption and supply chain performance. Again, the regression analysis demonstrates that organizational culture significantly moderates the relationship between e-procurement adoption and supply chain performance. The analysis further highlights several key challenges hindering the full adoption and effectiveness of e-procurement. These challenges include inadequate training programmes, security risks, insufficient technical expertise, employee resistance, outdated technological infrastructure, and difficulties in system integration. It is recommended that the University invests in comprehensive training programmes for its procurement staff. Additionally, the University should undertake a detailed assessment to identify areas that require improvement and develop a strategic plan to achieve full integration and utilization of e-procurement across all departments.

Source: UEW