ghanaopendata/ghanaian-research-english huggingface dataset:
Effect of employees‟ incentives on work performance of some selected health facilities within the Cape Coast Metropolis

With respect to existing human resource, the low level of health worker incentives has often been identified as a central problem in health service delivery. This study examined employee incentives and work performance of health workers in selected health facilities within the Cape Coast Metropolis. The study adopted the quantitative approach. From a population of 290 employees, a sample size of 165 respondents were drawn. The study employed explanatory research design and structured questionnaires as data collection instrument. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, percentages, regression and Pearson correlation. The study revealed that poor delivery of health services was as a result of both inadequate monetary and non-monetary incentives provided to health workers. The study also revealed that majority hold the view that both monetary and non-monetary incentives increases their performance. Based on the findings of the study the researcher recommended that health authorities including Ministry of Health and management of health institutions within the Cape Coast Metropolis should focus on providing allowances, bonuses, credit facility as part of its monetary incentives to enhance performance. It is also recommended that regular promotion and job security measures as part of the non-monetary incentives be provided in order to strengthen and also enhance the performance of health workers

Source: UCC
Effect of Endorphin Release Therapy on Pain and Range of Motion of Injured Senior High School Athletes in Central Region, Ghana

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Endorphin Release Therapy (ERT) on pain and Range of Motion (ROM) of joints among injured Senior High School (SHS) athletes in the Central Region of Ghana. A purposive sample of 62 SHS injured athletes from the Central Region participated in the quasi-experimental study. Quantitative data were collected by the use of an orthopedic mobility scanner; a standard goniometer and 0-10 Numerical Rating Scale. The reported intra examiner reliability coefficient of the instruments mentioned are .98, .96 and .98 respectively (Bermingham, 2003; Williams, Davies, & Chadury, 2000). Frequencies and percentages were used to answer the four (4) research questions. The dependent paired sample t-test and multivariate ordered logistic regression were used to analyze the three research hypotheses of the study at an alpha level of 0.05. The major findings of the study were that ERT is very effective in the relief of traumatic pain, as well as in the improvement of ROM of injured joints of SHS athletes of Central Region, Ghana. With the consideration of effect sizes, ERT proved to be more effective in the management of traumatic pain than in the management of restricted ROM of injured joints. As recommendation, ERT should be considered and put into in the curriculum of medical doctors, sports therapist, physical education teachers, and others, since it could help in reducing chronic traumatic pains. Further studies on the effectiveness of ERT in the management of other prevalent sports related injuries and diseases such as stroke and heart attack is suggested.

Source: UCC
Effect of Entrepreneurial Characteristics on Long Term Survival of Small and Medium-size Enterprises in Cape Coast Metropolis

Given the importance and contribution of small and medium enterprises to the economy, multiple empirical studies show that the majority of SMEs fail to expand, with some closing their doors within the first few years of existence. This study looked at the key entrepreneurial characteristics, determinants of long-term survival and the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics and the long-term survival of SMEs in Cape Coast Metropolis. The principle of entrepreneurship characteristics and SME long-term survival evaluation formed part of the theoretical and conceptual analysis. The thesis adopted the theory of positivism and the descriptive design discussed in a quantitative approach to science. In all, 200 SMEs in the Cape Coast Metropolis were included in the study and the research employed a questionnaire to elicit the required data for the study. The study employed frequency tables and regression analysis to examine the level of entrepreneurship characteristics and SME long-term survival in Cape Coast Metropolis. Based on the discoveries of the research, the study conclude that the sampled entrepreneurship characteristics have effects on SME long-term survival. Moreover, it was recommended that managers of small and medium size enterprises should improve the entrepreneur’s level of education and business knowledge skills through simplified training programmes and courses.

Source: UCC
Effect of Entrepreneurial Knowledge on the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Student of Kumasi Technical University

Many nations, particularly developing ones, are confronted with high levels of graduate unemployment. To deal with this menace, several suggestions have been offered, including equipping students of higher educational institutions with entrepreneurial knowledge and skills. It is on this premise that this study sought to assess the effect of entrepreneurship knowledge on the entrepreneurial intentions of students of the Kumasi Technical University. The target population of the study was students who had taken entrepreneurship course, out of which 320 were conveniently sampled. A cross sectional survey was carried out, using questionnaires. Data were analysed quantitatively, using SPSS. Spearman rank-order regression test and multiple regression showed that entrepreneurship knowledge and entrepreneurial intention are significantly impacted by entrepreneurship knowledge. The study concludes that entrepreneurship knowledge has a significant impact on students‘ desirability for self-employment. It is recommended that all tertiary institutions in Ghana should consider integrating entrepreneurship education into their various curricula.

Source: UCC
Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on the Performance of Small Businesses in the Cape Coast Metropolis

ABSTRACT The study looked at the impact of creativity, pro-activeness and risk-taking on performance of small business in Cape Coast Metropolis. The study discussed the theory of firm development, resource-based theory, the principle of entrepreneurship orientation and small business performance evaluation as part of the theoretical and conceptual analysis. The thesis adopted the descriptive design discussed in a quantitative analysis. In all, 132 small businesses in the Cape Coast Metropolis were included in the study and the research employed a questionnaire to elicit the required data for the study. The study employed frequency tables and regression analysis to examine the level of entrepreneurial orientation between small businesses in Cape Coast Metropolis. The finding indicates that risk taking has an effect of the performance (profit growth) potential of sampled small businesses. The study found a significant relationship between age of business and firm performance. This finding indicates that the age of the sampled small businesses, whether young or old, has an effect on the performance of the business. The significant findings may be attributed to the fact that the more you stay in business the more you get experience to run the business effectively. Based on the results, it is recommended that managers of small businesses or entrepreneurs in Cape Coast Metropolis must be enrolled in effective entrepreneurial orientation programmes to equip them with entrepreneurial knowledge, which will go a long way in helping them run their small businesses and other businesses effectively

Source: UCC
Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on the Performance of Small Businesses in Cape Coast Metropolis

The study looked at the impact of creativity, pro-activeness and risk-taking on performance of small business in Cape Coast Metropolis. The study discussed the theory of firm development, resource-based theory, the principle of entrepreneurship orientation and small business performance evaluation as part of the theoretical and conceptual analysis. The thesis adopted the descriptive design discussed in a quantitative analysis. In all, 132 small businesses in the Cape Coast Metropolis were included in the study and the research employed a questionnaire to elicit the required data for the study. The study employed frequency tables and regression analysis to examine the level of entrepreneurial orientation between small businesses in Cape Coast Metropolis. The finding indicates that risk taking has an effect of the performance (profit growth) potential of sampled SMEs. the study found a significant relationship between age of business and firm performance. This finding indicates that the age of the sampled SMEs, whether young or old, has an effect on the performance of the business. The significant findings may be attributed to the fact that the more you stay in business the more you get experience to run the business effectively. Based on the results, it is suggested that managers of SMEs or entrepreneurs in Cape Coast Metropolis must be enrolled in effective entrepreneurial orientation programs to equip them with entrepreneurial knowledge, which will go a long way in helping them run their SMEs and other businesses effectively.

Source: UCC
Effect of Equity Financing Options on Growth of Small Businesses in Accra Metropolis

Equity financing is especially critical for businesses with a high risk-to-reward profile and particularly small businesses. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of equity financing options, specifically internal and external equity, on small business growth in the Accra metropolis. This study used an explanatory research design. The population of the study was 257 small businesses in the Accra Metropolis registered with the Ghana Enterprise Agency. The statistical tools for analysis were the Statistical Product for Service Solution (version 24) and Smart PLS (version 3). The study's findings revealed that, while both internal and external equity had a significant and positive effect on small business growth, external equity options yet to gain much acceptance. The study was consistent with the pecking order theory, which together with the trade-off and financial growth lifecycle theory, guided the study. The study recommends small businesses owners-managers to make great use of internal equity options to expand their businesses and take advantage of external equity financing options like accelerators, angel investors, crowdfunding and venture capitals because they not only supply funds but also provide advisory services and help professionalize the small businesses, making them more appealing to both internal and external capital sources, while the government develops the enabling environment for more equity providers, particularly private equity providers.

Source: UCC
The Effect of Ethical Leadership on Employee Health and Safety in the Oil and Gas Downstream Sector in Ghana: The Mediating Role of Safety Climate and Safety Culture

The study investigated the effect of ethical leadership on employee health and safety using safety climate and safety culture as mediating variables. The study adopted the positivism philosophy, thus depending on the quantitative approach and explanatory research design. A convenience sampling technique was used to draw 226 pump attendants within the Accra Metropolis in Ghana using a self- administered questionnaire on the phenomenon for data analysis. The study data were processed using IBM SPSS (version 26) and SmartPLSSEM (version 3.3.3) software. Inferential statistics through the partial least square structural equation technique was adopted to examine the research objectives in the study. The result showed ethical leadership had a significant positive relationship with employee health and safety, safety climate and safety culture. Again, both safety climate and safety culture mediate ethical leadership and employee health and safety nexus. The study recommends that various stakeholders in the petroleum sector, particularly the National Petroleum Authority, Ministry of Energy and Chief Executive Officers of Oil marketing companies, should emphasize employing and promoting managers who are ethically leadership driven to occupy positions at the various fuel stations owned by either government or private sector. The study concludes that only ethical leaders won’t engage in unethical behaviour that will adversely affect employees and, by extension, the local and national economy. By so doing, ethical leadership will ensure the health and safety of employees are protected, which will benefit the company in terms of profit-making and boost both the local and national economies in Ghana. This study appeared to be a novelty within the context of the petroleum downstream sector in Ghana.

Source: UCC
Effect of ethnomedicinal extracts used for wound healing on cellular migration and intracellular reactive oxygen species release in SC-1 fibroblasts

The inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the migration of fibroblasts are key processes involved in wound healing. In this study, the ability of aqueous ethnomedicinal plant extracts prepared from Aspilia africana CD Adams, Boerhavia diffusa L. and Erythrina senegalensis DC. to mediate fibroblast migration and ROS release was determined. Phytochemical composition was assessed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC), whereas phytochemical markers were detected using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS). Sulforhodamine B staining and morphological examination via microscopy was conducted to determine cytotoxic effects on SC-1 fibroblasts. The effect on AAPH-induced oxidative stress was assessed by measuring ROS release using dichlorofluorescein diacetate activation. The scratch wound assay was used to estimate the rate of cellular migration. Alkaloids, flavonoids and phenols were detected in all three extracts using TLC, whilst UPLC-TOF-MS revealed the presence of neobavaisoflavone in E. senegalensis. None of the extracts was cytotoxic to the SC-1 cells at the highest in-well concentration tested (100 μg/mL). E. senegalensis extract reduced intracellular ROS and cellular migration by 35% and 32.5%, respectively. Although these plant extracts have the potential to minimise oxidation, they do not facilitate fibroblast migration. Further investigation into their mechanism of wound healing is required.

Source: UCC
Effect Of Exchange Rate On The Stock Returns Of Manufacturing Firms In Ghana

The study examined the effect of exchange rate on the stock returns of manufacturing firms in Ghana. The study aimed to investigate the potential asymmetric impact of exchange rate on the stock returns of manufacturing firms, as well as evaluate the degree of comovement between these two variables. Data from monthly stock returns spanning from January 2008 to December 2020 were collected from the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE) website. Data on exchange rates (EXR) were also sourced from the website of the Bank of Ghana. A quantitative research method was employed, with the research design being explanatory. The data collected were analyzed using the quantile regression model to analyze the asymmetric effect between the variables in the study. The bi-wavelet technique was also employed to determine the comovement of the variables. Based on the findings, the first objective in general suggests a significant asymmetric effect of exchange rate on the stock returns of the manufacturing firms given different market conditions. In the bearish market condition, exchange rate affected the returns of Benso Oil Palm Plantation (BOPP), Camelot Ghana Limited (CMLT), and Unilever Ghana Limited (UNIL). This was seen also in the normal market where the effect of exchange rate was effectively asymmetric with the returns of BOPP, CMLT, Fan Milk Ghana Limited (FML), and UNIL. The bullish market observed an asymmetric effect on all seven manufacturing firms. The findings from the second objective also show a weak comovement between the two variables in the frequency-time domain, especially in the long term. However, a strong comovement existed in the short and medium terms. The study recommended that investors should pay more attention to changes in exchange rates and channel their investments to firms that yield higher returns when these changes occur. Further, the Bank of Ghana management body, who are responsible for managing the exchange rate ought to introduce exchange rate management strategies that are favorable to improving the stock returns of the manufacturing firms since the study provides evidence to show that the changes in exchange rate led to changes in the stock returns of these manufacturing firms.

Source: UCC
Effect of exchange rate pass through on domestic price levels in Ghana

The main purpose of this study was to examine the effect of exchange rate (Cedi to the Dollar) movement on the prices of domestic goods and services in Ghana using time series over the period 2005 to 2015. The quest to conduct this study was to enable an estimation of the rate of any pass-through, and its proportionality to inflation levels in Ghana using exchange rate, interest rates, and monetary policy rate. The study was to establish the effect of exchange rate, interest rates and monetary policy rates on domestic price levels. The study employed a causal research design. The data set for all variables were sourced from World Bank-World Development Indicators Database (Online Edition). Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) model was used in estimating the significant positive effects of the independent variables (exchange rates, interest rate and monetary policy rate) on the dependent variable (inflation rate). The study revealed that there was a statistically significant positive effect of exchange rate, interest rate, and monetary policy rate on domestic price levels. In conclusion, when the cedi depreciates against the dollar, inflation hikes will be experienced. It is recommended that Bank of Ghana ensure a stable exchange rate in order to reduce its potential effect on inflation in Ghana

Source: UCC
Effect of exchange rate volatility on balance of Payment: evidence from Ghana

"The need for the government to maintain macroeconomic stability is becoming increasingly crucial in the era of slow economic growth, growing unemployment and high debt. However, the trend of Balance of Payment over the years reveals an unstable pattern. One key factor that has been overlooked in terms of the determinants of Balance of Payment is exchange rate volatility. Coming from the background of volatility/instability in the Ghana’s exchange rate, could it be the reason for the instability in the trend of Balance of Payment? This question is essentially the subject matter of this study. In order to estimate the effect of exchange rate volatility on Balance of Payment, the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique was employed after the yearly exchange rate volatility had been calculated using the GARCH approach. The results of the study suggest that exchange rate volatility has a deleterous effect on Balance of Payment both in the short run and long run but the effect is more pronounced in the long run than the short run. Moreover, with the exception of inflation which was only significant in the short run, GDP growth and interest rate all had a favourable effect on Balance of Payment in both short run and long run. The study recommends that Bank of Ghana intensifies its exchange rate stabilization measures to reduce the exchange rate risk imposed on trade players. "

Source: UCC
Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Economic Growth in Ghana

Volatility is an innate feature of the exchange rate and economic theory suggests that exchange fluctuations have implication for the rate of growth of the economy. This study there examined the long run and the short run effect of exchange rate movement on the economic growth of Ghana by employing data from 1980 to 2018 and using the vector autoregressive model and the ordinary least square regression to investigate the relationship. The trend analysis from the exchange rate and economic growth data revealed a linear trend between exchange rate movement and economic growth in Ghana. The study found that exchange rate movement in Ghana is mainly a negative shock and during periods of significant depreciations, the economic growth experienced a sharp fall. The study further revealed that exchange rate volatility and economic growth are negatively related in both the short run and the long run. The study drew the conclusion that currency depreciation is characteristic of the Ghanaian cedi and the cedi depreciation slows down the growth of the economy in both the short run and the long run. The study recommended that the Government of Ghana and the Bank of Ghana employ short term to long term strategies such as restriction of import, increase in production, denominating and undertaking transaction in the local currency, and improving macroeconomic variables such as inflation and money supply to stabilize the cedi. This result of this study therefore has relevance for the Bank of Ghana, Government of Ghana, and the research community at large.

Source: UCC
Effect of exchange rate volatility on economic growth in Ghana: an empirical investigation

The study investigates the relationship between exchange rate volatility and economic growth in Ghana using quarterly data from 1990 to 2012, by means of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach and the Granger causality test. The study found a unique cointegrating relationship between economic growth and exchange rate volatility. The regression results show that exchange rate volatility exerts negative and statistically significant effects on economic growth both in the short-run and long-run suggesting that exchange rate volatility adversely influences economic growth in Ghana. The Granger causality test results revealed unidirectional causality between exchange rate volatility and economic growth with the causality running from exchange rate volatility to economic growth. It is therefore recommended that Bank of Ghana ensures a stable exchange rate in order to stimulate economic growth in Ghana.

Source: UCC
Effect of exchange rate volatility on economic growth in Ghana: An empirical investigation

The study investigates the relationship between exchange rate volatility and economic growth in Ghana using quarterly data from 1990 to 2012, by means of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach and the Granger causality test. The study found a unique cointegrating relationship between economic growth and exchange rate volatility. The regression results show that exchange rate volatility exerts negative and statistically significant effects on economic growth both in the short-run and long-run suggesting that exchange rate volatility adversely influences economic growth in Ghana. The Granger causality test results revealed unidirectional causality between exchange rate volatility and economic growth with the causality running from exchange rate volatility to economic growth. It is therefore recommended that Bank of Ghana ensures a stable exchange rate in order to stimulate economic growth in Ghana

Source: UCC