ghanaopendata/ghanaian-research-english huggingface dataset:
Globalisation and transitions in abortion care in Ghana

Background Access to safe abortion is a globally contested policy and social justice issue – contested because of its religious and moral dimensions regarding the right to life and personhood of a foetus vs. the rights of women to make decisions about their own bodies. Many nations have agreed to address the health consequences of unsafe abortion, though stopped short of committing to providing comprehensive services. Ghana has a relatively liberal abortion law dating from 1985 and has ratified most international agreements on provision of care. Policy implementation has been very slow, but modest efforts are now being made to reduce maternal mortality caused by unsafe abortions. Understanding whether globalisation has played a role in this transition to practice is important to institutionalise the transition in Ghana and to learn lessons for other countries seeking to implement policies, but analysis is lacking. Methods Drawing on 58 in-depth key informant interviews and policy document analysis we describe the development of de jure law and policies on comprehensive abortion care in Ghana, de facto interpretation and implementation of those policies, and assess what role globalization played in the transition in abortion care in Ghana. Results We found that an accumulation of global influences has converged to start a transition in the culture of abortion care and service provision in Ghana, from a restrictive interpretation of the law to facilitating more widespread access to legal, safe abortion services through development of policies and guidelines and a slow change in attitudes and practices of health providers. These global influences can be categorised as: a global governance architecture of reproductive rights-obligations which creates pressure on signatory governments to act; and global communication of ideas and mobility of health providers (particularly through cross-cultural training opportunities and interaction with international NGOs) which facilitate global cultural interaction on the benefits of safe abortion services for reducing consequences of unsafe abortions. Conclusion Globalisation of information, debate and training experience as well as of international rights frameworks can together create a powerful force for good to protect women and their children from the needless pain and death resulting from unsafe abortions.

Source: UG
Globalization of an African Language: Truth or Fiction?

In the quest to do away with every influence of colonialism including language imperialism, following the independence of several African countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, debates arose about the possibility of the adoption of Swahili as a common language for Africa since it was the widely-spoken African language at that time. However, even though this discourse continued for some time, it did not go beyond this stage. In contemporary times, discourse on Swahili language has emerged again, but this time it centres on the question of globalization of the Swahili language. This recent development is the motivation for this paper. We seek to bring to light paradoxes that emanate from the debate and quest for the globalization of the Swahili language against the background of challenges that face the language at the national, regional and continental levels and to make submissions as to whether the quest for the globalization of the Swahili language is not just an illusion.

Source: UG
Globalized Africa: Political, social and economic impact

Is globalization beneficial to Africa? Does it open infinite opportunities for economic growth, development and social transformation of the continent? It is the assertion of contributions to this collection that for Africa, globalisation is a counter-revolutionary movement that is stalling the drive of the continent's societies to transform themselves into developed and prosperous entities - just as slavery and colonialism. Included are contributions from eminent scholars such as Samir Amin, Horace Campbell, Thandika Mkandawire and Cyril Obi. © Freedom Publications. All rights reserved.

Source: UG
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency genotypes and allele frequencies in the Kavango and Zambezi regions of northern Namibia

Background: Namibia has made significant gains in the fight against malaria, with a target of elimination by 2023. We examined the genotype and allele frequencies of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency to inform decisions on primaquine use, as we recently detected clusters of Plasmodium ovale curtisi in Kavango. Methods: A multistaged cross-sectional sampling method was used to enrol 212 children 2–9 y of age from schools and clinics in the Okavango and Zambezi regions of northern Namibia. Genotypes for the 202 G→A and 376 A→G mutations were assigned by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: Of the 212 subjects enrolled, genotypes were available for 210, made up of 61 males and 149 females. G6PD-deficient males (hemizygotes) and females (homozygotes) constituted 3.27% (2/61) and 0.0% (0/149), respectively. Female heterozygotes (AA− and BA−) constituted 10.07% (15/149), while G6PD wild-type males (with A or B haplotype) and females (with AA, BB or AB haplotypes) consisted of 96.72% (59/61) and 89.93% (134/149), respectively. The A−, A and B allele frequencies were 0.0474, 0.3036 and 0.6490, respectively. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium tests for female genotype frequencies did not show deviation (p=0.29). Conclusions: The frequency of G6PD deficiency alleles in males in the Kavango and Zambezi regions of northern Namibia constitute 3.27%, a first report to inform policy on primaquine role out.

Source: UG
Goal integration through transformational leadership A panacea to Ghana’s public sector corruption menace

Kwasi Dartey-Baah Purpose – The purpose of this study was to present a conceptual analysis of how the issue of corruption in Ghana’s public sector can be curbed through an integration of individual (public sector worker) and organisational goals (the public sector itself). It further sought to explain this possibility by focusing on a goal integration process through transformational leadership. Design/methodology/approach – To meet this end, the study conducted a review of literature on goal, goal-setting, corruption, employee motivation and transformational leadership to develop a conceptual framework to explain this link between goal integration through transformational leadership and corruption reduction. Findings – Findings from this study showed that dissatisfaction with work (especially pay) amongst Ghana’s public sector workers is a major factor necessitating the emergence of corruption in the country. It is also shown in the study that through the transformational leadership approach, individual worker concerns such as concerns with pay (a facet of job satisfaction) when treated as an institutional concern and appropriately dealt with could curb corruption in the public sector. Research limitations/implications – Based on these findings, the study recommends that leaders in Ghana’s public sector (both political and administrative) must exhibit qualities of transformational leaders to foster individual and organisational growth as a means to curb corruption in the sector. The study also recommends that training programmes be organised for leaders to equip them with the needed knowledge and practice of transformational leadership. Furthermore, the study recommends that further studies could be done by other researchers on the training programmes that could be useful in equipping these leaders, as well as how and when to organise these programmes. Originality/value – The study is novel in that it demonstrates the relevance of integrating individual and organisational goals through the application of the transformational leadership concept as a tool for reducing corruption in Ghana’s public sector. Keywords Leadership, Ghana, Public sector, Transformational leadership, Corruption, Goal integration Paper type Conceptual paper

Source: UG
Goal-Classification and the Influence of Activity-Goal-Formation on Individuals’ Systemic-Consideration of Activity-Strategies and Decision-Outcomes

The influencing role of students’ activity goal formation informed by their goal classification (i.e. highest or best) in their cognitive considerations of both activity strategies and decision outcomes for a pending task is examined in this study. Using data from a sample of 300 Graduate students preparing for an end-of-semester examination and the systemic structural activity analytical approach, it is found that actors’ cognitive classification of goals for pending activity as “highest” or “best” has no significant effect on the students’ goal formulation and the dynamic influence it has on their cognitive considerations for both activity strategy and decision outcome. Irrespective of goal classification, the students’ cognitive process of activity goal formation is found to significantly influence both their cognitive considerations of activity strategies and decision outcomes. It is concluded that the cognitive classification of goal has no direct significance on an students’ Goal formation process for a pending activity.

Source: UG
“God is not a referee.” In: Ted Richards (ed.), Soccer and Philosophy: Beautiful Thoughts on the Beautiful Game

This chapter is written on account of some critical observations that I made during the CAF organized Africa Cup of Nations held early 2008 in Ghana . The focus of this work is on perceptions of some football fans regarding God and religion (in general) in the game of football. Thus, while exploring the issues of religion, reason and philosophy in the game, the chapter also seeks to deny the idea held by the fans that God does function as a football referee.

Source: UG
Going downmarket: Ghana's rural banks adapt informal savings methodology

Abstract A savings-and-credit scheme adapted by Ghana's rural banks from traditional informal methodologies is found to be effective in reaching unbanked clients and mobilizing additional domestic financial resources. Participation in the scheme transformed clients' perception of the difficulties of saving and obtaining credit. Evidence indicated that accessing credit increased clients' ability to purchase assets and support their household in education and health expenditures and decreased their tendency to spend on community social ceremonies. Nevertheless, the success of the scheme depends on methodologies used to mitigate risks of fraud and default: use of employees rather than autonomous agents; retention of savings of at least 50 per cent of loan amount; effective screening of loan applications, monitoring of both clients and mobile bankers; and good data systems. © Practical Action Publishing, 2010.

Source: UG
Goji Berries as a Potential Natural Antioxidant Medicine: An Insight into Their Molecular Mechanisms of Action

Goji berries (Lycium fruits) are usually found in Asia, particularly in northwest regions of China. Traditionally, dried goji berries are cooked before they are consumed. They are commonly used in Chinese soups and as herbal tea. Moreover, goji berries are used for the production of tincture, wine, and juice. Goji berries are high antioxidant potential fruits which alleviate oxidative stress to confer many health protective benefits such as preventing free radicals from damaging DNA, lipids, and proteins. Therefore, the aim of the review was to focus on the bioactive compounds and pharmacological properties of goji berries including their molecular mechanisms of action. The health benefits of goji berries include enhancing hemopoiesis, antiradiation, antiaging, anticancer, improvement of immunity, and antioxidation. There is a better protection through synergistic and additive effects in fruits and herbal products from a complex mixture of phytochemicals when compared to one single phytochemical.

Source: UG
Gold Coast Colony - Report on the Prisons Department Fisheries Scheme

The purpose of this scheme and the .progress.it has made can best be seen when view against the Background of the Colony's fishing industry as a whole, the first part of first report therefore contains a description of the Gold Coast Fishing Industry, followed by an account of the Prisons Department Scheme and its results up to 30th September, 194.1. Finally recommendations are made for the development of the scheme and of the industry, A map Showing the principal fishing centres is included.

Source: UG
The Gold Coast Colony and Ashanti (Legislative Council) Order in Council, 1946

Whereas by the Gold Coast Colony (Legislative Council) Orders in Council, 1925 to 1939, provision is made for the constitution and powers of a Legislative Council for the Gold Coast Colony: AND WHEREAS by the Ashanti Order in Council, 1934, provision is made for the administration of Ashanti and for the making of laws therefor :

Source: UG
Gold Coast Mission History 1471-1880

The Gold Coast, a member of the British Commonwealth of Nations, is politically foremost of all Commonwealth Colonial territories in tropical Africa. Situated on the Gulf of Guinea, it is bounded by that gulf on the south, on the east by Togoland under French trusteeship, on the north by Haute Volta and on the west by the Ivory Coast. The total area is approximately 91,843 square miles, slightly larger than that of Great Britain. This includes the Colony along the coast, Ashanti, the Northern Territories and a narrow strip of Togoland, held by the British under Mandate from the League of Nations since 1919 and placed under Trusteeship in 1946. The 334 miles of coast consist generally of a low sandy foreshore on which the Atlantic swell breaks almost unceasingly. As for the people along the coast, they are divided into twenty-one states, passing from west to east: Western Nzima, Eastern Nzima, Upper and Lower Axim, Upper and Lower Dixcove, Ahanta, Dutch and English Sekondi, Shama, Komenda, Edina, Ogua, Nkusukum, Anomabu, Ebiram, Winneba, Gomoa Asen, Ga, Prarnpram and Ada. Many of these divisions have been introduced as a result ( of European settlements on the coast, there being only fourteen states in the j: seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and perhaps already that many in 1471 L when the Portuguese arrived.

Source: UG
The Gold Coast Nation and National Consciousness

The following chapters are reprinted from the columns of the Gold Coast Leader. The Author indulges the - hope that the principles therein set fortb, and the sentiments to which he gives so inadequate an expression, may influence for good,, not his contemporaries only, but also- and especially- the members of the rising generation, whose birth right, privilege, duty, destiny and honour it is to usher in an era of Backward Movement, which to all cultured West Africans is synonymous with the highest conception of progress and advancement. Intelligent Retrogression is the only Progression that will save our beloved country. This may sound a perfect paradox, but it is, nevertheless, the truth; and if all educated \Vest Africans could be forced by moral suasion ' and personal conviction to realize that "Back to the Land" signifies a step forward, that" Back to the Simple Life" of our progenitors expresses a burning wish to advance, that the desire to rid ourselves of foreign accretions and excrescences is an indispensable condition of National Resurrection and National Prosperity, we should feel ourselves amply rewarded. My most cordial thanks are due to Miss Marples for her invaluable assistance in reading' and correcting the proofs, thereby saving me time and labour.

Source: UG
The Gold Coast Nation and National Consciousness

The following chapters are reprinted from the columns of the Gold Coast Leader. The Author indulges the ' hope that the principles therein set fortb, and the sentiments to which he gives so inadequate an expression, may influence for good, not his contemporaries only, but also-and especially- the members of the rising generation, whose birth right, privilege, duty, destiny and honour it is to usher in an era of Backward Movement, which to all cultured West Africans is synonymous with the highest conception of progress and advancement. Intelligent Retrogression is the only Progression that will save our beloved country. This may sound a perfect paradox, hut it is, nevertheless, the truth; and if all educated west Africans could be forced by moral suasion and personal conviction to realize that "Back to the Land, signifies a step forward, that" Back to the Simple Life" of our progenitors expresses a Burning wish to advance, that the desire to rid ourselves of foreign accretions and excrescences is an indispensable condition of Xational Resurrection and National Prosperity, we should feel ourselves amply rewarded. My most cordial thanks are clue to Miss Marples for her invaluable assistance in reading' and correcting the proofs, thereby saying l11e time and labour

Source: UG
The Gold Coast Review

It is conceivable that the elaborate suggested for the guidance of those who might wish to send in contribution which appeared in the first two numbers of the GOLD COAST REVIEW may have been responsible for the small number of articles hitherto received for publication In order to remove the impression that only scientific articles are required and to make the Review more popular with a larger class of writer, I wish to say that I shall be glad to receive for publication in the REVIEW any short accounts on any of the following subjects Animals and animal life: wild domesticated and domestic: bird and bird life: trees, plants shrubs,flowers,their usefulness as medicine,etc fishes and fishing industry:laggons:rivers:forest:moutains and hill ranges:groves:customs and usages:customary laws:istitutions and the various constitutions in the Gold Coast: Monographs on fetishes: Castles of the Coast: interesting African personalities

Source: UG
The Gold Coast Review

This third number of the Gold Coast Review marks a distinct advance in the range from which the material is derived. Out of ten contributors four are Africans and of those four two are outside the Government Service. Attention is specially invited to the first instalment of a History of the Adangme People, a contribution of rare ethnological interest, the writer of which was trained from boyhood as a fetish priest and afterwards educated by the Basel Missionaries. This history was written in the Adangme language and has been translated by one of the author's sons. Publication will be completed in three instalments and an edition will then be available in book form. Authors of articles and notes appearing in the Gold Coast Review are solely responsible for their statements and expressions of opinion.

Source: UG
The Gold Coast Review Vol. 1. No I June-December

His Excellency the Governor and Commander-m-Chief Of the Gold coast has been pleased to sanction an attempt to sustain in the Gold Coast the periodical issue of a journal or review or historical and scientific interest on the lines of the admirable Bulletin du comite d’ Etudes Histiques et Scientifique de l’ Afrique Occidentale Francaise or of such publication' in parts of the British Empire as, for example, Sudan Notes and Records or of the numerous I' 'cords 0[' the proceeding' of County Archreological Societies in England.

Source: UG
The Gold Coast Review Vol. II. No. 2. July-December 1927

This third number of the Cold Coast Review marks a distinct advance in the range from which the material is derived. Out of ten contributors four are Africans and of those four two are outside the Government Service. Attention is specially invited to the first instalment of a History of the Adangme People, a contribution of rare ethnological interest, the writer of which was trained from boyhood as a fetish priest and afterwards educated by the Basel Missionaries . This history was written in the Adangme language and has been translated by one of The author's sons. Publication will be completed in three instalments and an edition will then be available in book form. Authors of articles and notes appearing in the Cold Coast Review are solely responsible for their statements and expressions of opinion.

Source: UG
The Gold Coast Review Vol. II. No. I. January-June 1926

It is not necessary for the Editor to say much in introducing the second issue of the Gold Coast Review. As mentioned in the introduction to Volume I., No. I., the Gold Coast Review is a half-yearly publication. Since the period represented by the first issue was the second half of the year 1925, the volume for that year consists of that one number only, and the present issue is the first of the two numbers for the year 1926 which will constitute volume II. It is with a feeling of great relief that we appear for the second time. Experience in the matter of publications on the Gold Coast has established the paradox that it is not so much Ie premier as Ie deuxieme pas qui coute. The first number was well received . The demand was good, though not so good as we hope it will become. The response to the appeal for contributions, as will be seen by the varied and interesting articles in this number. has been very encouraging. One grave defect remains. His Excellency the Governor, in congratulating the Editor on the start of the publication, expressed his regret at .. one blemish in a very useful list of contents--no con.. tribution from an African or non-Official European." Efforts have been made to remove this blemish . In addition to the appeals made in the Introduction to the first number for contributions from all sections of the community personal appeals have been made to several likely contributors outside official circles, and some of them have expressed their intention of sending in articles for future issues. We are glad to have a short article this time from the pen of the Honourable Mr. Casely Hayford. but all our other contributors are Government Officials. and the proportion from outside the Government service is thus not yet what we should like it to be. t the s me time there is cause for satisfaction in the wider range of interests represented in the present Issue.

Source: UG
The Gold Coast Review Vol. IV. No. I. Adangbe (Adangme) History-Concluded

Sakitey was made King after the death of his father on the 29th of December, 1867. The name of his mother was Dsabakuo. We read in the preceding Chapter about the testament made by the late king re his successor. Of course the elders met and appointed one Asale as their Chairman to elect a king. Asale, the Chairman, told them plainly that their late father the King- had left the stool to Christian Akutei, his beloved son, therefore they were not to keep long on this matter. They all agreed that the will must be considered powerful.

Source: UG
The Gold Coast. 1662 XI

Thursday 30th November 1662. Is at the. Ass8mbly proposed by the Hon. Dir. - Gen. & Councillors by what means one could best cause any hindrance or injury to our opponents, being those of the so-called Danes , about their ships lying anchored close under the Fort of CABO CORSo To which was replied by the Equippage Master besides the Skippers of the ships, that it was not practicable with the Hon Company's ships to cause any hindrance or injury to the Danish ships where they are now lying, because they ~ are lying almost on the beach, where it is not possible to come without getting all the ships on shore 7 which was considered by the whole 60uncil to be unserviceable,

Source: UG