ghanaopendata/ghanaian-research-english huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Rural Banks Profitability in Ghana: a Case Study of Rural Banks in Upper East Region

According to the findings of this study, the profitability of Ghanaian rural banks in Ghana is being investigated. The rural bank's return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) are two of the most significant measures of profitability (ROE). Analysis includes an extra set of independent factors, including the size and quality of the bank's branch network, as well as the bank's capital adequacy and liquidity. Five years of panel data from five rural banks in Ghana's Upper East area are used to explore fixed and random effect models for fixed effect models. The Ghanaian Central Bank provides the statistics. Among the macroeconomic variables considered in this research are GDP, inflation and interest rates, as well as the currency rate. The profitability of the five banks studied (2014 to 2018) changes during this time, according to the report. As measured by ROAs, Ghanaian rural banks' capital adequacy ratio and operational efficiency have the greatest impact on their profitability, according to the study's findings (ROA). There is no correlation between rural bank profitability (ROA and ROE) as measured by macroeconomic factors (interest rate, inflation rate, exchange rate, GDP growth rate) and rural bank profitability (ROA and ROE). A growing economy, according to the findings of the research, will lead to increased profits for banks, which will in turn benefit the government.

Source: UCC
Determinants of School Attainment and Schooling Achievement in Ghana

This study focuses on the parental decision making in relation to investment in the education or schooling of the child. The study distinguished between school-attainment and schooling achievement as separate schooling outcomes of the educational production function. The Study used data from a initially used for an investigation into the impact of excess fertility on the schooling of children in Ghana and data on BECE results of the children obtained from the West African Examinations Council. The results of the study show that school attainment and schooling achievement can be explained adequately by the child’s own characteristics, the household characteristics and the community characteristics. Household characteristics are strongest in explaining school attainment while they are weaker in explaining schooling achievement. On the other hand, the community dummies used to proxy the community environmental effects turned out to be strongest for the most urban of the four communities and weakest for the most rural of the communities. Educational policies must always consider both attainment and achievement as very important and necessary components of education production. Policies aimed at improving school attainment should have components, which aim at schooling achievement.

Source: UCC
Determinants of Senior High School Students' Performance in Social Studies in the Central Region of Ghana

The study is an exposition on the determinants of student' performance in social studies in the Central Region of Ghana. Literature was reviewed on the teacher, school and home as determinants of students' performance in Senior High Schools. Past social studies results covering 2006-2009 and 2011 from WAEC on students' performance in Ghana were analysed and used as the basis for the review of literature. It was concluded that many variables contribute to students' performance in social studies across schools in Ghana. Based on the conclusions drawn, it has been recommended for the consideration of relevant stakeholders and researchers in Ghana, to carry out further research into the real and perceived factors that could contribute to students' performance in social studies.

Source: UCC
Determinants of source separation of municipal solid waste in developing countries: the case of Ghana

Source separation of municipal solid waste, (rarely practised in Ghana and Africa) which holds great promise to usher the country and continent into the realm of integrated and sustainable solid waste management is reviewed in this study. The study examines the determinants of source separation as the technical heart of a sustainable solid waste management option. The research was conducted mainly through interviews and survey across the socio-economic divide to determine willingness and ability to separate waste at source. Emphasis was placed on the degree and category of separation, and motivational measures likely to promote public acceptance and increase efficiency and coverage of future source separation processes. The study showed that residents have the ability and are willing to source separate waste into at least two streams. Biodegradables and plastics are the most preferred components of separation. Major anticipated challenges of the process include bin storage space and consistency of collection of segregated waste. Motivational expectations towards a future source separation program include provision of free storage bins to householders

Source: UCC
Determinants of stock market development in emerging economies.

There is no advanced economy that has achieved a remarkable economic development without the establishment and the development of capital markets. Well-functioning stock markets are expected to influence growth through increased capital accumulation and by influencing the efficiency of capital allocation. Singh (1999) argues that capital market might face serious challenges in emerging economies due to the huge costs and the poor financial structures. These problems are magnified in emerging economies with their weaker regulatory institutions and greater macroeconomic volatility. The objectives of this thesis are to examine the relationship between education and stock market development; institutional quality and stock market performance; and some selected macro-economic (Consumer Price Index and Money Supply) and stock market development. A panel data of 41 emerging economies for the period 1996 to 2011 is used to estimate the results. The techniques employed on these models are the Dynamic Ordinary Lease Squares and Newey-West to account for different characteristics of emerging economies. The main findings are that education interacts with GDP to influence stock market development; institutional quality interacts with GDP to affect stock market development, then finally selected macroeconomic variables such as Money Supply and Consumer Price Index, all of which interact with GDP to influence stock market development. Recommendations for emerging economies are; the education ministers should reduce illiteracy rate by increasing secondary school enrolment; Security and Exchange Commission to establish transparent regulatory framework that will resolve industrial disputes and create liquid securities market; finally, finance ministers have to broaden investor base to include more foreigners and then stabilizing the macroeconomic indicators.

Source: UCC
Determinants of stock market development in emerging economies.

There is no advanced economy that has achieved a remarkable economic There is no advanced economy that has achieved a remarkable economic Well-functioning stock markets are expected to influence growth through increased capital accumulation and by influencing the efficiency of capital allocation. Singh (1999) argues that capital market might face serious challenges in emerging economies due to the huge costs and the poor financial structures. These problems are magnified in emerging economies with their weaker regulatory institutions and greater macroeconomic volatility. The objectives of this thesis are to examine the relationship between education and stock market development; institutional quality and stock market performance; and some selected macro-economic (Consumer Price Index and Money Supply) and stock market development. A panel data of 41 emerging economies for the period 1996 to 2011 is used to estimate the results. The techniques employed on these models are the Dynamic Ordinary Lease Squares and Newey-West to account for different characteristics of emerging economies. The main findings are that education interacts with GDP to influence stock market development; institutional quality interacts with GDP to affect stock market development, then finally selected macroeconomic variables such as Money Supply and Consumer Price Index, all of which interact with GDP to influence stock market development. Recommendations for emerging economies are; the education ministers should reduce illiteracy rate by increasing secondary school enrolment; Security and Exchange Commission to establish transparent regulatory framework that will resolve industrial disputes and create liquid securities market; finally, finance ministers have to broaden investor base to include more foreigners and then stabilizing the macroeconomic indicators. Credit: Ernest Christian Winful (PhD thesis, 2017)

Source: UCC
DETERMINANTS OF STUDENTS’ ENROLMENT IN HOME ECONOMICS PROGRAMME IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN GHANA

Students’ enrolment in Home Economics programme in Senior High Schools (SHSs) in Ghana has been low in recent times. This has become a concern for major stakeholder in education. This study examined the determinants of students’ enrolment in Home Economics programme in SHSs in Ghana. The cross-sectional descriptive survey design was employed for the conduct of the study. The target population comprised first year Home Economics students from 16 selected SHSs in three administrative regions (i.e., Western, Central and Greater Accra Region). A simple random sampling technique (lottery method) was employed to sample 4 schools in the Western Region and 6 each from Central and Greater Accra Region. A census sampling technique was then utilised to include all Home Economics first-year students in the selected schools. A sample size of 1,136 students from the 16 schools participated in the study. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to analyse the data using 1,000 bootstrap samples with 95% confidence interval with bias-corrected accelerated and 2,000,000 seed for Mersenne Twister. It was revealed that factors which significantly influenced students’ decision to enrol in Home Economics programme were interest, job prospects, fathers, teachers, BECE grade, family relatives, and perceived workload among others. Factors such as gender, desire to be an entrepreneur, mothers and friends did not influence students’ decision to enrol in the programme. The study recommended that management of Basic schools in Ghana should organise educative programmes to enlighten students and teachers on vocational and technical related courses and as such arouse students’ interest in enrolling in such programmes

Source: UCC
Determinants of students’ learning behaviour in selected public senior high schools in the Cape Coast Metropolis

The study examined the determination of student’s leaning behaviour of selected Public Senior High School in Cape Coast Metropolis of the Central Region of Ghana. A descriptive survey research design was adopted using sample of 320 students randomly selected from eight Senior High School in Cape Coat. A questionnaire was use to gather the date. The Cronbachs alpha coefficient for the reliability of the of the instrument was 0.823. Means, standard deviation and independent t-test were use as statistical indexes to analyse the result. The finding revealed that generally students learning behaviour could be influenced by factors that contribute to their academic performances, which include test anxiety, classroom atmosphere, peer relationship and parental support. The result also showed that parents and the teachers motivation are essential in cultivating good leaning behaviour. The findings further reveled that parents with good educational background positively influence the leaning behaviour of children. It was also found that peers who are academically good inspire their colleagues to also study hard while distractions from peer interfere with their studies, however, majority of the students do no see time spend with peers as having negative influence on their leaning behaviour.

Source: UCC
Determinants of sustainability of rural banks in Ghana: A case study of selected rural banks in Ashanti region

Rural banks play enormous role in ensuring socio-economic development in Ghana. However, it is argued that rural banks have been facing some challenges that affect their sustainability. This study examined the sustainability of the Atwima Kwanwoma Rural Bank Limited, the Bosomtwe Rural Bank Limited and the Awabiagya Rural Bank Limited. The cross-sectional survey was used where questionnaires were designed to collect data. The selections of the respondents were done using the snow ball sampling procedures to locate the 150 customers of the three banks. The study revealed that the bank’s profitability performance is encouraging. This is because the ROA and ROE exceed the benchmark indicting that the banks are efficient in converting its investment into profit for the years. It also implies that the banks are capable of earning adequate money on its available assets. The multiple regression analysis showed that the amount of loans significantly affect the financial sustainability of the Rural Banks. It was indicated that customers were satisfied about the loan procedures, loan interest and loan maturity provide by the Atwima Kwanwoma Rural Bank, Bosomtwe Rural Bank and the Nwabiagya Rural Bank. The multiple regression analysis showed that a unit increase in loan interest would lead to 20.5 percent reduction in the number of years customer had being with the bank thereby affecting their financial sustainability.

Source: UCC
Determinants of tax evasion among SMEs in Bolgatanga Municipal Assembly.

Taxation is the major source of revenue to support the execution of government developmental projects. In Ghana, one major sector where more taxes could have collected is the Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) of the informal sector. The sector contributes about 80% to the employment in the country (Ghana living Standard Survey - GLSS, 2010); but, its contribution in terms of tax revenue, relative to its size, is just a drop in the national coffers. The research, therefore, aimed at finding out why SMEs in the Bolgatanga Municipality evade tax. To achieve the objectives of the study, the survey method was adopted and a questionnaire was designed and administered to a sample size of three hundred and nine (309), comprising three hundred and four (304) tax payers and five (5) tax officials in the Bolgatanga Municipality. The study concluded that tax evasion rate among SMEs in the municipality was at the high side. Key reasons for this phenomena was attributed to low coverage in terms of tax education, high tax rates, large size of the tax district, large size of the informal sector in the municipality coupled with inadequate human and logistical challenges facing the GRA Office. Measures such as intensification of tax education, regular monitoring, capacity building, provision of adequate logistics, Creation of Zonal Offices, among others were recommended as means of reducing tax evasion and challenges of taxing SMEs in the Bolgatanga Municipality.

Source: UCC
Determinants of tax morale and tax compliance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Ho-west district, Ghana

This study investigated the effects of key determinants of tax morale on tax compliance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) within the informal sector in the Ho West district of Ghana. The study specifically examined whether tax knowledge, tax rate, tax penalty and tax religiosity affect the tax compliance of the selected SMEs. The study was supported by the institutional theory and adopted the quantitative approach and explanatory research design. Primary data was gathered from 142 owner-managers of SMEs within the Ho West district via the structured questionnaires. The valid data of 114 was then processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics (v. 26) and SmartPLS. The data was finally analysed suing the PLS-SEM analytical tool and it was found that all the determinants of tax morale significantly affected tax compliance. Among these determinants, tax knowledge, tax penalty and tax religiosity had significant positive effects while tax rate had significant negative effect on tax compliance. The study concluded that the determinant of tax morale plays crucial roles in improving the tax compliance of the owner-managers of the SMEs studied. It was recommended that policy makers within the informal sector should devise measures to improve the determinants of tax morale in order to induce the owner/managers to comply with tax regulations.

Source: UCC
Determinants of Tax Non-Compliance Among Small and Medium Enterprises in Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis

The study investigated the determinants of tax non-compliance among SMEs in the Sekondi-Takoradi Metropolis, focusing on three objectives: assessing the general degree of tax evasion, examining demographic factors influencing tax evasion, and evaluating the role of equity perception in mitigating or enhancing tax evasion. The target population comprised 895 registered SMEs, with 265 participants sampled through structured questionnaires. The study adopted a quantitative approach, analyzing data using descriptive and regression analyses. Results revealed low tax compliance among SME owners, attributed to limited tax knowledge, high tax rates, and low incomes. Regression analysis identified tax compliance costs and the ability to evade taxes as significant predictors of non-compliance. However, tax awareness, education levels, and penalties were found to reduce non-compliance, highlighting the importance of education and enforcement. Demographic variables like gender, age, education, and business experience moderated compliance behavior. Male taxpayers were more inclined toward non-compliance than females, while older and more educated individuals exhibited higher compliance. Perceived fairness, aligned with equity theory, was a key determinant of compliance. SMEs were more likely to comply when they perceived fairness in the tax system, including equitable treatment compared to other organizations and alignment between taxes paid and services received. The study concluded that tax knowledge, demographic factors, and equity perception significantly influenced SME compliance decisions. The study recommended enhanced education, enforcement, and a fair tax system are essential to improving compliance.

Source: UCC
Determinants of tax revenue: Evidence from Ghana

Most developing countries face the problem of raising tax revenue to carry out public sector spending. Tax revenue is necessary for economic growth and development. Unfortunately tax revenue generation has been low in Ghana. This study therefore examined the determinants of tax revenue with evidence from Ghana using quarterly data from 1988 to 2008. The tax effort function is used by regressing government expenditure, real gross domestic product and financial deepening on tax revenue. The study employed Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration. Results from the analysis showed that government expenditure is vital in generating tax revenue in the long run while it has a negative effect in the short run on tax revenue for the period selected for the study. It implied that government expenditure is a good policy instrument in raising tax revenue in the long run. Also, real gross domestic product exhibited a positive effect on tax revenue in the short run while it showed a negative impact on tax revenue in the long run over the study period. Furthermore, the study revealed that, financial deepening had a negative impact on tax revenue when both the short run and long run dynamics were employed. The study recommends that the government of Ghana increases government expenditure in the productive sectors that would impact positively on all forms of taxes that would ultimately lead to increase in tax revenue. Also, the number of years of tax holidays and tax exemptions should be reduced so as to increase tax revenue that would enhance economic growth and development.

Source: UCC
Determinants of the choice of mode of transport of intra-city spare parts dealers in Accra

In contemporary times, there has been a clarion call from transport experts and researchers suggesting the need to discourage the number of trips made on private cars during peak hours. Some studies suggest the use of toll differentials, whereby private cars are charged higher than others to ensure diversion from private cars to public transport. This thesis explored the determinants of the choice of mode of transport of intra-city spare parts dealers, and estimated the specific and overall predictions of the discriminant model. Using a non probability sampling technique, two hundred spare parts dealers in Accra, were sampled for this study. Discriminant model was employed to classify the spare parts dealers into their appropriate mode choice to ascertain factors determining their choice of mode of transport. The key findings from the study showed that individual characteristics and mode choice attributes determined the choice of mode of transport of spare parts dealers. In terms of prediction, the study showed that, more than two-third of the original private car users were predicted. The model also predicted over three-quarters of the original bus users. Moreover, the model over predicted the original trotro users, while almost all the original taxi users were predicted. Overall, the discriminant model was successful in correctly classifying about two-third of all original spare parts dealers in the study area. The study concluded with the recommendations that efforts should be made to encourage business private car owners to patronise public transport in their journey to work in Accra.

Source: UCC
Determinants of the Level of Sustainability Reports of Mining Companies in Ghana

The aim of the study is to examine the determinants of the level of sustainability report of mining companies in Ghana in the absence of regulatory and statutory requirements. This study hypothesises that the level of sustainability reports is correlated with the size, growth rate, and profitability, efficiency, gearing ratio, working capital, age and the complexity of the company. Fifty sustainability reports of 10 large scale mining companies in Ghana were used from the period of 2008 to 2012. With the use of content analysis the study finds that there are significant effects of corporate size, profitability (positive), gearing, working capital and complexity of MCGs (negative) on the level of Sustainability Report whilst no significant effects of growth rate, efficiency and the age of the company are found in spite of the increasing level of the report. Again, the significance of the model provides evidence that stakeholder theory is an appropriate foundation for empirical analyses of corporate sustainability reporting. The results of the empirical test have several policy implications for the practitioners in Ghana and other developing countries. The recommendations can be applied to other companies such as manufacturing, banks, investment and insurance which are also actively involved in sustainability reports. The study provides strong evidence that future research in this area can move forward with the application of stakeholder theory to empirical corporate sustainability reporting research.

Source: UCC