ghanaopendata/ghanaian-research-english huggingface dataset:
The effects of job demands and supervisor support on employee stress levels at some selected banks.

The study sought to empirically examine the effects of job demands and supervisor support on employee stress levels in the banking industry. Data for the study was collected from one hundred and twenty-five employees from three different banks operating within the Kumasi Metropolis and the Tarkwa-Nsuaem Municipal Assembly. Using a quantitative and qualitative approach to analyze the data, a convenience sampling technique was used in selecting respondents. Multiple regressions were employed in evaluating the hypotheses. The study revealed that employees generally perceived job demands as manageable. The results of the study indicated that job demands and supervisor support significantly affects employee stress levels, to the extent that, high job demands were found to be associated with high levels of employee stress while adequate supervisor support correlated with low levels of employee stress. Although the study’s findings did not support the moderating role of supervisor support on the link between job demands and employees stress levels, it was found that adequate supervisor support had a direct effect on employee stress levels. Based on these findings, it is recommended that management within the research context create an enabling environment where employees would feel a sense of support from their superiors by putting in place structures that ensure sufficient encouragement and recognition. Also, there should be adequate interaction and communication between superiors and subordinates. Employees must have an up to date job description which includes work purpose reporting relationships and key duties of their current role. It is suggested that there should be a longitudinal studies to accurately capture the causal effect between the key variables of the study.

Source: KNUST
The effects of large scale land acquisition on the livelihoods of smallholder farming households in the Pru District of Brong Ahafo Region, Ghana-perspective of tenants farmers.

In recent times, Ghana has become one of the destinations for large scale land acquisition in Africa, attracting more foreign investors in the agricultural sector. It is expected that large scale lands acquired will improve the socio-economic conditions of smallholder farmers in deprived rural economies. The study is underpinned by the critical agrarian political economy theory and the modern world system theory. This study assessed the effects of large scale land acquisition on the livelihoods of smallholder farming households in the Pru District Assembly of Brong-Ahafo Region of Ghana. Primary data were collected from 332 randomly selected smallholder farming households using structured questionnaires and were complemented with data from focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The empirical findings revealed a six-step procedure in acquiring large tracts of land for investment starting from the identification of reserved lands by the District Assembly through to the transfer of ownership to investors. The study also found that large scale land acquisition has a significant positive effect on employment, healthcare and food security, but significant negative effect on income levels of smallholder farming households. Reducing the number of days of visit to farms, leaving very early to farms, and depending on rain water are the coping strategies employed by the smallholder farmers. Also, the farmers adapt to the effects of large scale land acquisition by keeping backyard gardens, planting hybrid seeds and buying of motor bikes and bicycles to facilitate long distance farming. Based on the findings, the study recommends that farming households should be given opportunity to participate in decision making, leading to acquisition of lands by large scale land investors. Also, lands of defunct companies should be returned to the initial occupants for their needs and cultivation. Finally, District Assemblies must formulate policies and enforce the existing by-laws that will ensure that large scale land investors employ workers from the host communities for the intended projects.

Source: KNUST
The effects of leadership styles and job demands on employees’ job performance (a case study of some selected banks in Kumasi).

Organisations are faced with increasing and throat cutting competition from their competitors both locally and internationally due to globalisation and the quest for businesses to become market leaders. This poses many diverse challenges in the achievement of organizational objectives. Effective leadership and employee job performance are two factors that have been regarded as fundamental for organizational success. The main objective of this study was therefore to investigate the effects of leadership styles and job demands on the performance of employees in the banking sector using selected banks in Kumasi. In achieving the objective of the study, responses were gathered from 150 employees from 4 selected banks using a structured questionnaire. Data obtained from the questionnaire was subjected to correlation and multiple linear regression analyses after Exploratory Factor Analysis on the styles of leadership were conducted. The study found that the sector is dominated by females, 67% and majority were 51 years and above. The study had 44% of its respondents from the Ghana Commercial Bank (GBC). Findings on leadership style adopted by banks revealed that the dominant leadership style at the banks is the transformational style of leadership. The study found that although transformational style of leadership was the predominant leadership style displayed by the management of the banks, transactional leadership style is shown to have a greater impact on the performance of employees. The study concludes that work related demands on leaders are not burdensome to impact negatively on their performance. The study further found that job demand and job resources have no significant correlation on employees’ performance. It was recommended that the management of banks should consider adopting transactional form of leadership and adopt measures to gradually increase the responsibilities and engagements of their employees in order to raise the overall performance of the banks.

Source: KNUST
The effects of leveraging and liquidity on financial performance of listed firms in the ghana stock exchange

The main aim of the study is to assess the effect of leveraging and liquidity on financial performance of listed firms in the Ghana Stock Exchange. The research used the quantitative research design with focus on causal comparative research design. The study is rooted in the positivist philosophy whiles the study employed the quantitative research approach. The population of the study was all listed firms (42) in the Ghana Stock Exchange till date. The study however sampled data from 15 firms for 5 years (thus 2018 to 2022) from the financial statements of the sampled firms. Results were presented descriptively as well as inferentially using fixed and random effect panel regression models. However, Hausman’s test was provided to justify a choice between the two models. The study concludes that while leverage (using debt to assets) can amplify gains for listed firms in the GSE, it (using debt to equity ratio) also increases the risk because the company must pay back the debt, regardless of its profitability. Liquidity, in isolation, however, does not exert any significant effect on financial performance of firms. The study further concludes that the interacting effect of leveraging and liquidity on financial performance of firms depends on the specific proxies used in measuring the variables. Thus, whiles interactive effect of debt to asset ratio and liquidity exerts positive effects on return on assets, the same interactive effect exerts negative effects on return on equity. Equally, whiles the interactive effect of debt to liquidity ratio exerts negative effects on return on assets, its effects on return on equity remain insignificant. The study recommends that list firms in the Ghana Stock Exchange should implement a prudent debt management policy that ensures borrowed funds are used for productive purposes. The study further recommends that management of listed firms in the GSE should optimize working capital management to ensure smooth operations and reduce the need for excessive short-term borrowing.

Source: KNUST
The effects of loan portfolio quality on the financial Performance of universal banks in Ghana.

In developed and developing countries like Ghana, banks are the main financial institutions with the role of mobilizing deposits and granting credit to those who need funds. In the process of granting loans, banks encounter the problem of credit risk. Among the many risks faced by banks, credit risk appears to play a critical role in the performance of banks. This is because sizeable amount of the banks‟ revenue accrue from loans from which interest margin is derived. This means that the management of loan portfolio is extremely important. The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of loan portfolio quality on the performance of selected universal banks in Ghana. In addition, the study sought to examine other factors that could affect the profitability of these banks. Data was collected from 16 universal banks in Ghana from 2003 to 2014, constituting a panel data with 192 observations. The data was subjected to statistical analysis with the use of panel data analysis techniques such as fixed effect and random effect models The result of the regression model indicates that loan portfolio quality (measured by Non- Performing Loans and Capital Adequacy Ratio) has significant effect on profitability of the selected banks. The result shows that Non Performing Loan has significant negative effect on the profitability while Capital Adequacy Ratio has a significant positive effect on profitability. The result further indicates that bank size (measured by logarithm of total assets) has significant negative effect on profitability. The study recommends since loan portfolio quality significantly affect profitability, universal banks in Ghana should improve their loan portfolio quality by liaising with credit referencing bureaus to ensure that customer information regarding past borrowing and credit worthiness are available to them when appraising loans.

Source: KNUST
The effects of macroeconomic factors on credit risk: evidence from commercial banks in Ghana

The banking industry is recognized as being crucial to the growth an economy. This industry nevertheless, is susceptible to macroeconomic uncertainty, which raises the credit risk for commercial banks. The research main aim is to examine the effects of macroeconomic variables on credit risk of banks in Ghana. The study design is quantitative in nature and employs the experimental research strategy to establish causality. The study makes use of secondary data sourced from Bank of Ghana and Ghana Statistical Services on macro specific data whiles firm specific data is sourced from the selected banks financial statements. A sample size of 17 universal banks out of a population of 23 was determined using the purposive sampling technique across a seven-year period from 2015 to 2021. The study is grounded on theories like the financial theory also known as financial instability hypothesis, agency theory and the theory of asymmetric information. The results of the study indicated that exchange rate, unemployment rate, GDP and monetary policy rate are inversely related to credit risk. Moreover, for inflation the association is negative with credit risk. The findings of the study points to the fact that macroeconomic factors have a strong ability to predict the probability of default. The study recommends that the Central Bank of Ghana should also take on a more regulatory and proactive role by ensuring that banks have adequate provisions for bad loans, likewise Ghanaian banks should set up a limited lending policy by raising the value and quantity of loan collateral.

Source: KNUST
The effects of materials management on turnaround time of construction projects

Material management is important in promoting the survival of organisations particularly those in the construction industry. Organisations involved in the delivery of construction projects (especially on contracts basis) are often limited by clients with respect to the time for the delivery of such projects. The study asserted that, effective material management could serve as a recipe for meeting the time constraints often imposed by clients. From this background the study investigated the effects of material management practices on the turnaround time of construction projects in the Consar Construction Limited (CCL). The study adopted the quantitative approach in which the survey design was used as the framework for the conducting the study. Consequently, questionnaires (with close-ended questions) were used to solicit for responses from 41 employees of the CCL sampled using the Yumane Sample Size formulae. After a through analyses of the data collected, it was identified that, the most implemented material management practices were the assigning of roles and responsibilities, forecasting and budgeting, and an established policy for acquisition, grouping and disposal of material inventory. The study further found out that, the implementation of material management practices plays a crucial role in promoting the quality and reliability of construction inventory, promote emergency supply of inventory and reduces the access lead time to inventory acquisition. Notwithstanding the observed effect of material management, the CCL was challenged by the lack of training of material management employees and the bureaucratic processes in procuring inventory. The study recommends that, the implementation of regular training programmes for staff and the use electronic record systems would streamline the management of materials in the CCL.

Source: KNUST
The effects of micro finance institutions on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Ghana: a case study of some selected smes in Kumasi Metropolis.

This study discusses the effects of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) on the growth of small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in the Kumasi Metropolis. The study examined the detailed profile of SMEs in the Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana, the contribution of MFIs to enterpretural growth, the challenges encountered by SMEs in accessing loans and the rate of credit utilization by SMEs. The research also indicates that MFIs have had a positive effect on the growth of SMEs. Some of the critical contributions of the MFIs includes; greater access to credit, savings enhancement and provision of business, financial and managerial training. Irrespective of the contributions of MFIs to SMEs, there are challenges that affects the operations of SMEs. The major challenges faced by SMEs are cumbersome process associated with accessing credit, inability to get the required collateral security and high interest rate. In the final analysis, the research clearly reveals that MFIs have a positive effect on the facilitate access to credit and also meet regulatory requirements.

Source: KNUST
The Effects of Micro Finance Institutions on the Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Ghana: A Case Study of Some Selected SMES in Kumasi Metropolis

This study discusses the effects of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) on the growth of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) in the Kumasi Metropolis. The study examined the detailed profile of SMEs in the Kumasi Metropolis in Ghana, the contribution of MFIs to enterpretural growth, the challenges encountered by SMEs in accessing loans and the rate of credit utilization by SMEs. The research also indicates that MFIs have had a positive effect on the growth of SMEs. Some of the critical contributions of the MFIs includes; greater access to credit, savings enhancement and provision of business, financial and managerial training. Irrespective of the contributions of MFIs to SMEs, there are challenges that affects the operations of SMEs. The major challenges faced by SMEs are cumbersome process associated with accessing credit, inability to get the required collateral security and high interest rate. In the final analysis, the research clearly reveals that MFIs have a positive effect on the growth of SMEs. Recommendations are made for the training of the SMEs owners and managers as well as for the proper registration and structuring of the SMEs ventures to facilitate access to credit and also meet regulatory requirements.

Source: KNUST
The effects of post electoral violence towards Ghana’s democratic consolidation

The African continent is rife with deep scares of undemocratic changes in government since the attainment of political independence by most Sub-Saharan African countries. These chequered and abrupt changes in government have been partly blamed for the slow pace of development on the continent. After long periods of ‘dancing chair military takeovers’, democracy has generally become an accepted means of governance across the continent. But the practice of democracy has not come easy at all. Specifically, some democratic elections in Africa have experienced violence with dire consequences. Others have also escalated into violence that has taken international dimensions. Electoral violence has therefore partly soiled the democratic success story of the continent, sometimes creating the impression that the practice of democracy is not the best for Africa. The study examined the effects of post electoral violence on Ghana’s democratic process. The study sought out to identify the causes of post electoral violence in Ghana, examined the impact of post electoral violence on Ghana’s democratic process and examined the best practices and success stories in democracy management that may help forestall possible conflicts. Semi structured questionnaires were used to gather information from respondents. The results indicated that post electoral violence are caused by failure of some candidates to accept the results of elections, the deprived nature of the selected constituencies coupled with little education is capitalized upon by some politicians to incite the youth against major political parties. It was also realized electoral violence impact on all facets of democracy and that post electoral violence undermine the results of election and impacts on the democratic process of the country. It was also realized and agreed that the National Centre for Civic Education shouldembark on educating Ghanaians on the importance of elections in the democracy and thatviolence has no place in modern day politics. Among the recommendations made were to prosecute powerful and influential people behind any form of violence as actions against them will go far in ending impunity and deterring those mobilized by politicians from engaging in further acts of violence and institution building should remain the primary objective of long-term and sturdy reconstruction.

Source: KNUST
The effects of non-performing loans on bank profitability.

This study investigates the effects of Non-performing loans (NPL) on bank profitability. The study uses the balanced panel data from three banks (HFC Bank, Ecobank and CAL Bank) toanalyse the effects of non-performing loans on the profitability of the selected banks from January 2010 to December 2015. The findings showed that the non-performing loan of the selected banks is neither strong nor weak. Again, the results reveal that non-performing is negatively related to bank profitability whereas capital adequacy ratio is positively related to bank profitability. The study concludes that once the non-performing loan is managed it improves the level of profitability of the banking sector. This reveals some significant policy implications for increasing profitability and protecting banks from crisis. It is recommended that banks should have dedicated credit risk policy and must raise the level of awareness of the need to identify, measure, monitor and control credit risk.

Source: KNUST
The effects of organizational culture on organizational performance: a case study of Adehyeman savings and loans limited.

The general objective of the study is to assess the effect of organizational culture on organizational performance at Adehyeman Savings and Loans Kumasi. A sample size of 100 respondents which comprised of junior and senior staff of Adehyeman Savings and Loans Limited. Both primary and secondary data were gathered for the study. The study adopted descriptive and quantitative research approaches. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. The field survey were analysed with SPSS and Microsoft excel. The study discovered that the dimensions of organizational culture at ASL included managers regularly recognizing and acknowledging the quality of employees work; also the effects of organizational culture on performance were ensuring employees work towards the achievement of organizational goals; Organizational culture of ASL could be used to channel out behaviours of employees towards the behaviours the organization desired and could be used to enhance employee effectiveness and increase their productivity. Some performance measures talked about included Profitability, Value creation, Customer satisfaction and competitiveness. Some of the challenges identified were lack of motivation and authoritarian management style which poses threat to organizational performance. The study recommends that Employee motivation, Delegation of authority, Acceptance of criticism Democratic management can enhance performance.

Source: KNUST
The effects of sales promotions on customer growth in the Ghanaian mobile Telecommunication industry; the case of Millicom Ghana_ Tigo

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of promotions on customer growth in the Ghanaian mobile telecommunication industry. The method adopted by this study was the sample survey method of study instead of a census. The semi-structured questionnaire is made up of both close and open-ended questions. The researcher sampled 50 staff members and 200 customers of Milicom Ghana (Tigo). It was revealed by the study that Millicom Ghana (Tigo) undertakes a number of promotions, which tend to have great influence on their customer growth. However, promotions appear to be but just one of the various factors that affect the customers’ growth of the organization. The study implications are that, promotions have a great influence on the customer base of mobile telecommunication networks and therefore there is the need to put much effort into ensuring its success. The study recommended that, there is the need for Tigo and all the other mobile telecommunication networks in the country to pay a closer attention to factors including network coverage and quality of service. Also, efforts must be put in by the various staff member of the telecommunication networks in Ghana to enhance the quality of the services offered. Moreover, the government can offer help through the provision of funds and formulation of policies to support the operations of the telecommunication industry in Ghana.

Source: KNUST