ghanaopendata/ghanaian-research-english huggingface dataset:
Intervention to improve adverse event reporting in the emergency department: Protocol of a systematic review and meta analysis

Background Adverse event reporting is crucial for improving patient safety and identifying areas for improvement in the emergency department. Many interventions have been employed in that regard, and have been found to increase adverse event reporting rates in various settings. All published research that studied the various interventions and their effectiveness on adverse event reporting in the Emergency Department will be reviewed in this paper. Methods CINAHL, PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Reviews Library, EMBASE, Scopus, OVID, Science Direct and Web of Science will all be searched. Studies published since January 2000 that investigated the interventions to improve adverse event reporting will be included. Two inde pendent reviewers will execute the selection and extraction process, and we will carry out a qualitative synthesis. A meta-analysis, if possible, will be undertaken. Discussion The present study will summarize interventions to improve adverse event reporting. It will also determine effective approaches to enhancing adverse event reporting in the emer gency department. The outcome of the study will provide novel dimensions into possible interventions to improve patient safety through adverse event reporting.

Source: UG
Intervention To Improve Adverse Event Reporting In The Emergency Department: Protocol Of A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis.

Background Adverse event reporting is crucial for improving patient safety and identifying areas for improvement in the emergency department. Many interventions have been employed in that regard, and have been found to increase adverse event reporting rates in various settings. All published research that studied the various interventions and their effectiveness on adverse event reporting in the Emergency Department will be reviewed in this paper. Methods CINAHL, PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Reviews Library, EMBASE, Scopus, OVID, Science Direct and Web of Science will all be searched. Studies published since January 2000 that investigated the interventions to improve adverse event reporting will be included. Two inde pendent reviewers will execute the selection and extraction process, and we will carry out a qualitative synthesis. A meta-analysis, if possible, will be undertaken. Discussion The present study will summarize interventions to improve adverse event reporting. It will also determine effective approaches to enhancing adverse event reporting in the emer gency department. The outcome of the study will provide novel dimensions into possible interventions to improve patient safety through adverse event reporting.

Source: UG
Interventions impacting the accessibility of sexual reproductive health services for head porters in sub-Saharan Africa- A scoping review protoco

Head porters working in markets in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are one of the world’s most vulnerable and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. They consist predominantly of uneducated women and girls seeking to escape poverty, early marriage, and other issues of domestic violence. Most female head porters are in their reproductive years and often lack access to sexual reproductive health services (SRHS) despite being at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unplanned pregnancies, and gender-based vio lence. The low priority for women and girls’ SRH in many SSA countries highlights the need to explore the factors influencing the accessibility of services for failure to do so restrains human development. An initial search of the literature was conducted and revealed no current scoping or systematic reviews on the accessibility to SRHS for female head porters in SSA. We outline a scoping review protocol, using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, to determine the interventions that influence the accessibil ity of SRHS for female head porters in SSA. The protocol is registered with Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/hjfkd). Findings will not only be valuable for female head por ters but for all vulnerable female groups in SSA who experience high SRH risks and social disparities.

Source: UG
Interventions impacting the accessibility of sexual reproductive health services for head porters in sub-Saharan Africa- A scoping review protocol

Head porters working in markets in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are one of the world’s most vulnerable and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. They consist predominantly of uneducated women and girls seeking to escape poverty, early marriage, and other issues of domestic violence. Most female head porters are in their reproductive years and often lack access to sexual reproductive health services (SRHS) despite being at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unplanned pregnancies, and gender-based vio lence. The low priority for women and girls’ SRH in many SSA countries highlights the need to explore the factors influencing the accessibility of services for failure to do so restrains human development. An initial search of the literature was conducted and revealed no current scoping or systematic reviews on the accessibility to SRHS for female head porters in SSA. We outline a scoping review protocol, using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, to determine the interventions that influence the accessibil ity of SRHS for female head porters in SSA. The protocol is registered with Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/hjfkd). Findings will not only be valuable for female head por ters but for all vulnerable female groups in SSA who experience high SRH risks and social disparities.

Source: UG
Interventions to Reduce Pesticide Exposure from the Agricultural Sector in Africa: AWorkshop Report

Abstract: Despite the fact that several cases of unsafe pesticide use among farmers in different parts of Africa have been documented, there is limited evidence regarding which specific interventions are effective in reducing pesticide exposure and associated risks to human health and ecology. The overall goal of the African Pesticide Intervention Project (APsent) study is to better understand ongoing research and public health activities related to interventions in Africa through the implementation of suitable target-specific situations or use contexts. A systematic review of the scientific literature on pesticide intervention studies with a focus on Africa was conducted. This was followed by a qualitative survey among stakeholders involved in pesticide research or management in the African region to learn about barriers to and promoters of successful interventions. The project was concluded with an international workshop in November 2021, where a broad range of topics relevant to occupational and environmental health risks were discussed such as acute poisoning, street pesticides, switching to alternatives, or disposal of empty pesticide containers. Key areas of improvement identified were training on pesticide usage techniques, research on the effectivenessof interventions targeted at exposure reduction and/or behavioral changes, awareness raising, implementation of adequate policies, and enforcement of regulations and processes.

Source: UG
Interview feedback from Six Educationists and Six Economists on electronic levy legislation in Ghana

This study aimed at addressing the controversies regarding the legisla tion of an e-levy in Ghana to ensure that its implementation is successful. Qualitative exploratory design and interviews were used for the study. Twelve lecturers (PhD holders) were judgmentally sampled for the study. Research ethics and data credibility procedures were followed. A section of the research participants was in favour of the e-levy legislation as a key avenue to generate additional revenue, and those opposed to the legislation maintain that the e-levy is regressive, punitive, and depressive. It was concluded that a section of Ghanaians supports the e-levy on account of its revenue yield potential with far reaching implications for developmental projects. However, serious concerns about the e-levy have been raised regarding its design, particularly the rate and exemptions, the timing of its implementations, accountability, and corruption of public officials. Recommendations are as follows: e-levy should be pegged at 0.5% per electronic transaction above Ghc100; the waste in the system, extravagant spending from state revenue as well as corruption by government officials should be addressed sternly; and there should be adequate public education on the e-levy concept. This is one of the foremost qualitative studies conducted on e-levy in Ghana, contribut ing to e-levy legislation and management literature. The paper is a novel because it has an E-levy Conversation Model as well as an E-levy Acceptance Model, developed from the empirical data to guide the successful legislation and acceptance of e-levy in Ghana, and Africa as a whole.

Source: UG
Intestinal Parasites of the Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus Temminck 1827) from the Kwaebibirem District of the Eastern Region of Ghana

The profiles of intestinal parasites of the grasscutter were investigated in 21 grasscutters collected from Kwaebibirem District in the Eastern Region of Ghana between January and April 2005. The aim of the study was to investigate the parasitic profile of the grasscutter in a forest zone and provide information for grasscutter farming. The intestinal content of the animals were examined with the aid of a hand lens, a microscope and direct smear method. The parasites identified include helminthes such as Ancylostoma sp., Trichuris sp., Ascaris sp., Hymenolepis sp. and Schistosoma haematobium, and protozoans such as Giardia sp. and Entamoeba sp. Almost all (95.2%) of the grasscutters were infected with Ancylostoma sp., the most prevalent parasite species in the study, followed by Giardia sp. (85.7%). More than 80% of the grasscutters were infected with at least four parasite species and 33% were infected with at least five parasite species. The study, therefore, prescribes routine treatment of grasscutters obtained from the wild before they are domesticated or added to the already domesticated ones. This will help prevent reduced productivity due to parasitic infections.

Source: UG
Intestinal Parasites of the Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus, Temminck 1827) from Kwaebibirem District in the Eastern Region of Ghana.

The profiles of intestinal parasites of the grasscutter were investigated in 21 grasscutters collected from Kwaebibirem District in the Eastern Region of Ghana between January and April 2005. The aim of the study was to investigate the parasitic profile of the grasscutter in a forest zone and provide information for grasscutter farming. The intestinal content of the animals were examined with the aid of a hand lens, a microscope and direct smear method. The parasites identified include helminthes such as Ancylostoma sp., Trichuris sp., Ascaris sp., Hymenolepis sp. and Schistosoma haematobium, and protozoans such as Giardia sp. and Entamoeba sp. Almost all (95.2%) of the grasscutters were infected with Ancylostoma sp., the most prevalent parasite species in the study, followed by Giardia sp. (85.7%). More than 80% of the grasscutters were infected with at least four parasite species and 33% were infected with at least five parasite species. The study, therefore, prescribes routine treatment of grasscutters obtained from the wild before they are domesticated or added to the already domesticated ones. This will help prevent reduced productivity due to parasitic infections.

Source: UG
Intestinal parasitic infections and risk factors: A cross-sectional survey of some school children in a suburb in Accra, Ghana

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and establish some risk factors associated with the acquisition of gastrointestinal parasitic infections in school children in Accra, Ghana. Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 15%. Giardia lamblia (10%) and Schistosoma mansoni (1.7%) were the common parasites found. Out of the 15% students postive for intestinal parasites, 13.6% had single parasites and 1.3% had double parasitic infections. Children between the ages of 4-5 and 6-7 years (20% each) had the most parasitic infections. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was not significantly related to gender (p = 0.1451), and source of drinking water (p = 0.8832). However, a statistically significant association between children infected with parasites and close proximity to domestic animals or pets was observed (p = 0.0284). Continuous education on personal hygiene, environmental sanitation and deworming of domestic animals or pets are required to reduce the prevalence of intestinal parasites in school children in Accra.

Source: UG
Intimacy and self-disclosure in Ghanaian in-law relationships

Intimacy and self-disclosure are strong indicators of relationship stability and satisfaction. In-law relationships are described as uncertain, and intimacy and self-disclosure may be tools used to reduce these uncertainties. We adopt a socio-ecological approach to examine how the Ghanaian ecology affords intimacy and self disclosure as relationship-enhancing tools in Ghanaian parent– child-in-law relationships. We interviewed 17 individuals in longstanding relationships in the Ashanti Region of Ghana on the closeness of their in-law relationships. Data were analysed inductively and thematically. Participants described the intimacy in their in-law relationship as insecure, conditional, and unfamiliar. Participants further used caution when disclosing personal information to in-laws, a phenomenon they described as ‘fɛreɛ’ in the in-law relationship. The findings suggest that intimacy and self-disclosure may be relational tools that are afforded by some ecologies and not others.

Source: UG
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Against HIV-Positive Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Mixed-Method Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objectives: To systematically analyze and summarize the literature on intimate partner violence (IPV) against HIV-positivewomen in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and to identify their risk factors for IPV. Method: A comprehensive review of the literature using the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) yielded 1,879 articles (PubMed¼1,251, Embase¼491,Web of Science¼132, and identified additional records ¼ 5). Twenty were selected for quantitative and qualitative assessment and synthesis. We employed a random effects model with generic inverse variancemethod and estimated the odds ratios. Findings: Results indicated a high prevalence of physical, sexual, and emotional violence against women living with HIV/AIDS in SSA. Educational background, alcohol use, marital status, previous experiences with IPV, and employment status were identified as significant risk factors.Wealso assessed the methodological quality of the articles by examining publication bias and some heterogeneity statistics. Conclusion: There is limited research on IPV against HIV-positive women in SSA. However, the few existing studies agree on the importance of targeting HIV-positive women with specific interventions given their vulnerability to IPV and to address factors exacerbating these risks and vulnerabilities.

Source: UG
Intimate Partner Violence Against Women Among Contraceptive Users At A Primary Health Care Setting In Southern Ethiopia: A Facility-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: One in three women experienced intimate partner violence (IPV) worldwide which has remained major public health challenge. Women’s reproductive health service utilization has been seriously impacted by IPV. There is a paucity of evidence on the magnitude of IPV among contraceptive users in southern Ethiopia. Hence, the main aim of this study was to determine the level of IPV and its associated factors among married women who were contraceptive users in primary health care settings in Adilo Zuria district in southern Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among systematically recruited 405 married women who were contraceptive users in a primary health care setting in Adilo Zuria district in southern Ethiopia. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using an adapted tool from existing literature including the World Health Organization IPV survey. Collected data were entered into EpiData 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26 for cleaning and analysis. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the level of IPV and identify factors associated with IPV. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) from multiple logistic regression at a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to declare a significant association. Results: The prevalence of current IPV among contraceptive users was 72.6% (95% CI; 68.1-76.8%). Current psychological, physical, and sexual violence were 39.3%, 38.5%, and 31.9%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, women’s being rural resident (AOR: 3.19, 95%CI: 1.69–6.02), women’s formal education (AOR: 0.37, 95%CI: 0.19–0.70), partners alcohol consumption (AOR: 3.32, 95%CI: 1.89–5.84), partners Khat chewing (AOR: 7.22, 95%CI: 4.12–12.65) and poor social support (AOR: 2.47, 95%CI: 1.43–4.27) were significantly associated with current IPV against women. Conclusions: Women’s experience of IPV on contraceptive users was found to be unacceptably high in the study area. Women’s being rural residents, having poor social support and partners who drank alcohol and Khat chewing were predictors of women’s experience of IPV. Thus, interventions in improving women’s educational status,

Source: UG
Intimate Partner Violence and Health Outcomes Among Women Living With HIV/AIDS in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is known to have negative health consequences for victims. For women living with HIV/ AIDS, whose health may be compromised, exposure to IPV can be devastating. Yet few (if any) studies have explored the health implications of exposure to IPV among HIV-positive women. We begin to fill this gap by examining the effects of various dimensions of IPV (physical, sexual, psychological/emotional, and economic) on the cardiovascular, psychosocial, and sexual reproductive health outcomes of HIV-positive women in Ghana. Data were collected from a cross-section of 538 HIV-positive women aged 18 years and older in the Lower Manya Krobo District in the Eastern Region. We used logit models to explore relationships between IPV and health. The findings indicate high prevalence of IPV in our sample: physical violence (61%), sexual violence (50.9%), emotional/psychological violence (79.6%), and economic violence (66.8%). Generally, participants with experiences of IPV reported cardiovascular health problems, unwanted pregnancies and pregnancy loss, and poor psychosocial health. Our findings suggest the importance of screening for IPV as part of HIV care in Ghana.

Source: UG
Intimate Partner Violence Impacts University Students in Ghana

Intimate partner violence cuts across cultures and types of relationships. While the phenomenon has received considerable academic attention in many contexts, few scholarly works exist in Ghana. This research project was limited to tertiary level students at Ghana’s premier university. The study, using open-ended qualitative questions, examined the phenomenon from a multidimensional perspective as it affects both male and female in dating relationships. Additionally, the study attempts to fill a gap in the literature by examining abuse in relationships between largely unmarried intimate partners in a university. It also pushes beyond the academic realm and offers a guide for practice, by establishing a public relations campaign targeted to the university students. Researchers investigated the scope and types of intimate partner violence among students in dating relationships, students described experiencing physical and emotional abuse, citing reasons for continuing non-healthy relationships. This study seeks to understand why university-educated victims remain in abusive relationships.

Source: UG
Intra-Africa regional trade comovements and shock transmission: A baseline for AfCFTA

This paper examines the trade co-movements and shock spillover across four African geographic regions. Specifically, we were motivated by the very low intra-trade activities in Africa, despite increased regionalism to study the possibility of a country’s trade shock being transferred to its trading partners on the continent. Knowing the trade connectedness and shock transmission among African countries will serve as a baseline for the AfCFTA implementation. In our analysis, we considered the four African regional quarterly data between 2005 and 2021 from UNCTAD. The continent was divided into four regions namely, Western, Middle, Eastern, and Southern Africa. We divided the time into pre- and post-AfCFTA periods. The Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) and the Diebold and Yilmaz (2012) models were adopted to determine the trade co-movement and the shock spillover respectively. The results show different trade co-movements and trade shock spillovers among the regions at different times. The trade co-movement seems to be dominant between the Middle and Southern African regions. Further analysis shows the presence of trade shock transmission across all four regions. The Western African region exhibits a sign of the biggest trade shock receiver from the other regions, while the Southern African regions turn out to be the largest contributor of trade shocks to the other regions both in the post and pre-AfCFTA period. The study contributes by sending a signal to AfCFTA implementers that trading on the African continents behaves differently among the various geographic regions. It also provides an early warning signal for AfCFTA policy implementation.

Source: UG