ghanaopendata/ghanaian-research-english huggingface dataset:
Revenue Leakages, Prevention and Internal Controls in Ho Municipal Assembly

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to identify channels of revenue mobilisation leakages and also evaluate internal controls and prevention mechanisms implemented by the Ho Municipal Assembly. The study utilised purposive sampling methods to choose the right respondents for information assortment. A survey questionnaire was utilized to evoke essential information. A sample of 50 respondents was chosen for the survey. Information accumulated was exposed to elucidating examination utilizing SPSS. The investigation discovered; income gatherers take food things like fish, sweet potato and different things in lieu of cash from rate payers. Findings likewise uncovered that, the utilization of phony General Counterfoil Receipt (GCR) by income authorities in Ho Municipal Assembly was overwhelming. Carbon shifting and under charging of bills by revenue collectors were also found as channels of revenue leakage in Ho Municipal Assembly. Again, the study found that Ho Municipal Assembly loses monies due to poor financial or payment records by revenue collectors. Others findings include; non-enforcement by-laws, lack of social accountability, inadequate public education and weak implementation of internal controls as the cause of poor revenue performance in Ho Municipal Assembly. In view of discoveries, the review suggested, implementation of social responsibility by obligation conveyors of Ho Municipal Assembly and likewise other neighbourhood specialists, policymakers ought to plan and carry out approaches which give sufficient discipline to Assemblies that neglect to record to its constituents, Ho Municipal Assembly ought to arraign degenerate income authorities to act as a hindrance to other people who mean to enjoy the demonstration.

Source: UCC
Revenue Management Practices in Krachi-west District Assembly

The study sought to evaluate the Revenue management practices in Krachi-West District Assembly (KWDA). The study employed a quantitative approach and adopted a descriptive research design. The population of the study was 5,280 and the sample size of 372 was used by means of the Yamane (1967) sample size determination formula. Also, all 372 questionnaires were valid and considered for the study representing a response rate of 100%. The main instrument used for this study was a structured questionnaire with statistical tools including; frequencies and percentages with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Science version 23 (SPSS). The study adopted a purposive sampling technique. The study revealed that operation of composite budget works very well but adherence to expenditure ceilings guidelines and public sensitization on self-help projects does not work well in KWDA. The study concluded that revenue mobilized by KWDA though not adequate, has also not impacted on the economic, social and infrastructural development of its people. The study recommended that the management of the assembly should adequately educate its rate payers about the need to pay fees and fines, strengthen its internal control systems and motivate revenue collectors at KWDA.

Source: UCC
Revenue Mobilisation and Utilisation in the Wassa Amenfi East District Assembly

The study was on revenue mobilisation and utilisation of District assemblies in Ghana using Wassa Amenfi East District Assembly as the case study. The purpose of this study was to assess how revenue is mobilized and utilised to implement projects in the districts. Data was gathered through both primary and secondary sources. The primary source was obtained from questionnaires and interviews. Through the annual budget of the assembly, local government digests and other relevant materials from reports and seminars, the secondary source of data was obtained. This study used a quantitative approach. This is a quantitative research study and it uses descriptive research study design to investigate the variables in the study. The study purposely targeted core Management staff of the District Planning Committee Unit, permanent revenue collectors, and commission revenue collectors, staff of Urban Town and Area Councils (UTAs), and assembly members since they are directly involved in revenue collection, management and evaluation of development. At the end of the research, it was revealed that, there was lack of accurate and current data and inadequate supply of logistics, low motivation for revenue staffs, poor supervision and inadequate public education for tax payers. After the study, the researcher recommended that there should be capacity building for revenues staffs, effective monitoring, regular assessment of revenue mobilization activities and supervision of revenue staffs.

Source: UCC
Revenue Mobilisation in Ahanta West Municipality of Ghana

Revenue mobilisation is critical to any government's performance because it allows them to raise the necessary financial resources to raise the standard of living and improve the lifestyle of their citizens while also meeting financial obligations. The purpose of this research is to identify the various challenges of tax revenue mobilization in the Ahanta West Municipality. Specifically, the study seeks to unravel the major sources of revenue to the Assembly, unravel the major challenges of revenue mobilization faced by the Ahanta West Municipal Assembly, and examine techniques to increase revenue. This study, which examines the difficulties the Ahanta West Municipal Assembly faced in raising Internally Generated Fund (IGF) as well as looking into their main sources of revenue. The convenient and purposive sample approach were used to select a sample size of 10 participants. The study employed personal interview guide, focus group discussions, and documentary review as data collection instrument. According to the findings, the Assembly is not looking into other potential sources of income. Additionally, it noted that insufficient tracking of economic activity, poor logistics, and inadequate tax payer education were some of the difficulties encountered in raising money. According to the report, there should be ongoing tax payer education, legal action against tax offenders, as well as providing the requisite training for revenue collectors if the Assembly wants to raise its revenue mobilisation.

Source: UCC
Revenue Mobilization Strategies of Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies in Ghana: The Case of Bolgatanga Municipal Assembly

The review looks to analyze the income activation systems at the Bolgatanga Metropolitan Gathering. The particular targets were to; distinguish different wellsprings of income inside the Bolgatanga Metropolitan Gathering, to lay out whether enough income is being activated locally, lastly, to recognize procedures that can assist Bolgatanga Civil Get together with producing an adequate number of assets to meet its improvement needs. The review utilized the quantitative exploration approach with the graphic examination plan. A sum of 100 polls were considered usable for the examination of the review. The logical apparatuses utilized for this study was the SPSS rendition 26. The SPSS was utilized for unmistakable examination and the exploration goals of the review. The main goal of this study was to distinguish different wellsprings of income inside the Bolgatanga Civil Gathering (BMA). The findings revealed the primary revenue streams for the BMA. Property taxes levied based on land and property values, referred to as rates, represented one of the major sources of funding. In objective two, the analysis of the results indicate that average revenue collection locally presently accounts for approximately 60% of average annual expenditure. For the objective three, it seeks to identify methods that can help the Bolgatanga Municipal Assembly accumulate sufficient funds. Some strategies proposed incorporate establishing a dedicated Revenue Department to focus solely on collection. It was therefore recommended that, the management should establish a comprehensive plan to closely monitor the work progress and performance of all hospital staff, considering a reduction in the evaluation period to enhance the timeliness of performance assessments.

Source: UCC
Reversal of Typical Processing Dynamics in Positive and Negative Priming Using a Non-Dominant to Dominant Cross-Language Lexical Manipulation

A bilingual primed lexical decision task was used to investigate priming effects produced by attended and ignored words. Participants were required to name prime target words in their weaker (L2) language and then make lexical decisions to probe target items in their dominant (L1) language. Accelerated lexical decisions to probe target words resulted when the word was a translation equivalent of the preceding prime target word, but they were not impaired when the word was a translation equivalent of the preceding ignored nontarget word. This novel finding of a positive priming effect coupled with the absence of a negative priming effect is the opposite pattern of earlier cross-language experiments wherein priming was assessed from L1 to L2 [i.e., Li, Neumann, & Chen, 2017. Identity and semantic negative priming in rapid serial visual presentation streams. Attention, Perception & Psychophysics, 79, 1755–1776; Neumann, McCloskey, & Felio, 1999. Cross-language positive priming disappears, negative priming does not: evidence for two sources of selective inhibition. Memory & Cognition, 27, 1051–1063; Nkrumah & Neumann, 2018. Cross-language negative priming remains intact, while positive priming disappears: evidence for two sources of selective inhibition. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 3, 1–12]. The present results may be a reflection of altered excitatory and inhibitory dynamics when a weaker, non-dominant language is the source for potential positive and negative priming effects between languages in bilinguals.

Source: UCC
A Review of Cross-Cultural Variations in Consumer Behaviour and Marketing Strategy

People’s habits, their aspirations in life, the roles they fill, how they relate to other people, their perception of things, the products they feel they need and the nature of their consumption patterns reflect, more or less, the influence of culture. This paper, therefore, examines the literature on the nature of nature of culture and cross-cultural variations in consumer behaviour. In this paper, we analyze the marketing implications of cultural differences and similarities that exist between the people of two or more nations. The review mainly examines some theories of culture, variations in cultural values, cultural variations in nonverbal communications and, finally, marketing implications of cross-cultural variations that exist between people of different nations.

Source: UCC
A review of Ghana’s water resource management and the future prospect

Water covers about 70% of the earth’s surface and it exists naturally in the earth in all the three physical states of matter and it is always moving around because the water flows with the current. Out of the earth’s percentage of water covering the surface, only about 2.5% is fresh water and due to the fact that most are stored in deep groundwater, a small amount is readily available for human use. Water scarcity is becoming a major concern for people around the world and the need to protect the existing ones and find ways or means to provide safe water for individuals around the globe in adequate quantities with keeping the needs of future generations in mind. Water is life, and it is linked with lots of services either directly or indirectly, such as; human health and welfare and social and economic development of a community or country. The need to delve into Ghana’s water resources management is essential. The study reviewed existing literature on the various members of the Water Resource Commission (WRC) in Ghana; the various basins in the country; the existing measures that the WRC authorities have in place to deal with water resources management issues; the challenges that hinder the progress of their achievements and some suggestions that if considered can improve the current water resources management situations in Ghana

Source: UCC
A review of governance and poverty reduction in Tema Metropolis

The main purpose of the study was to examine how governance and poverty reduction have been enhanced through decentralisation, with the view to informing future strategies. The study combined different methodologies including a review of existing and relevant data, and qualitative methods such as focus group discussions, and key informant interviews. Data collected during this study were electronically recorded, transcribed, thematically clustered, and reduced to a useable state. This was followed by thorough content analysis and personal reflection of the issues discussed. The study shows that, while there has been significant progress in putting the local government structures in place, there are still difficulties in the operationalisation of the metropolitan sub-structures which should have been the main channel for community mobilisation, education, and ownership of local government policies and programmes. Thus, governance has largely been at the top, without a significant flow to the bottom. It is therefore recommended that the capacities of the metropolitan sub-structures be strengthened to function effectively, including constituting all the required Unit Committees, and providing adequate financial, human and logistical support for the Zonal Councils and Unit Committees within the Metropolis. The scope and trend of capacity building should be widened to include relevant training for traditional authorities and organised civil society groups who provide additional entry point for grassroots participation.

Source: UCC
A review of Intra-uterine foetal deaths at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital

Aim: To estimate the rate of IUFD/Stillbirths (SB) Study design: This is a retrospective review of delivery suite records from Jan 1 2013 to Dec 31 2014. Methods: Study was undertaken at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH) in the Central region of Ghana. All pregnant women who had their babies at the delivery suite of CCTH have their records hand written in Ghana health service approved and distributed delivery records book. We identified all patients with IUFD/SB from this delivery suite record book which is kept on the delivery suite. The data collected included the age, parity, mode of delivery, total blood loss, sex of the foetus and condition of foetus i.e. Macerated stillbirth (MSB) or fresh still birth (FSB). Of the 315 IUFDs found in the records book, 26 were incompletely filled, and 13 were abortions (<28 weeks) and therefore excluded. The analysis is therefore based on 276 completed documentations. The data collected from the delivery suite records were analysed using STATA version 11.0. Results: Of the 315 IUFD/SBs documented in the delivery suite record book, 13 were abortions (<28 weeks), leaving 302 IUFD/SBs. Of this number, 26 had incomplete data and were excluded from the analysis. The analysis was thus based on 276 IUFD/SBs with complete data. Over the study period there were 5176 deliveries, giving a stillbirth rate of 58.5/1000 deliveries. Majority of the IUFD occurred in women 20-35 years of age (74.7%), and who have had two or less births (66.7%). The mean maternal age at which IUFD occurred was 29 years. Conclusion: Our review shows that the SBR of 58.5/1000, over the two years, at CCTH is high. We suggest further studies to focus on the reasons for IUFDs and what interventions can be applied to reduce

Source: UCC
A Review of methods for removal of contaminants in used lubricating oil

Management and disposing of used lubricating oil (ULO) poses deleterious effects to air, land and water pollution. These contaminants not only causes environmental problems, they also have bio accumulation effects on living organisms, reduces the inhabitants lifespan as a result of the diseases spread, poisoning and fouling of catalyst as well as corrode processing equipment. The contaminants removalin used lubricating oil is a major step to avoid pollution as discussed thoroughly by many researchers in literature. In addition, to curbing pollution, another advantage is converting waste to wealth. This review paper presents insight into various methods for removal of contaminants in used lubricating oil. The advantages and drawbacks of each method were earmarked for further study

Source: UCC
A Review of the Classification of Nonstrabismic Binocular Vision Anomalies

There are conflicting and confusing ideas in literature on the different types of accommodative and vergence anomalies as different authors turn to classify them differently. This paper sought to review literature on the different classifications and types of nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies and harmonize these classifications. Search engines, namely Google scholar, Medline, Cinahl and Francis databases, were used to review literature on the classification of accommodative and vergence dysfunctions using keywords like binocular vision dysfunctions, classification of nonstrabismic binocular vision disorders or anomalies, accommodative disorders/anomalies classification and vergence disorders/anomalies classifications, and included works that described these anomalies. Nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies are classified as accommodative and vergence anomalies. There are three different major types of accommodative anomalies, namely accommodative insufficiency, accommodative infacility (accommodative inertia), and accommodative excess (accommodative spasm), and seven different types of vergence anomalies (convergence insufficiency, convergence excess, divergence insufficiency, divergence excess, basic esophoria, basic exophoria and fusional vergence dysfunctions), which are functional in origin. Functionally, there is a commonly reported interaction between accommodative and convergence insufficiency referred to as pseudoconvergence insufficiency. Accommodative paralysis (subtype of accommodative insufficiency) and vergence anomalies – i.e., convergence paralysis, convergence spasm and divergence paralysis – are non-functional in origin with underlying systemic disease etiologies. Systemic convergence insufficiency, associated with subnormal accommodation, is a non-functional interaction between the accommodative and convergence insufficiency. The classification of nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies is based on the description of the clinical signs and the underlying etiology either functional or non-functional in origin. Proper diagnosis and management involves investigation of the underlying etiology in addition to the battery of binocular vision test procedures.

Source: UCC
A review of the classification of nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies

There are conflicting and confusing ideas in literature on the different types of accommoda- tive and vergence anomalies as different authors turn to classify them differently. This paper sought to review literature on the differ- ent classifications and types of nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies and harmonize these classifications. Search engines, namely Google scholar, Medline, Cinahl and Francis databases, were used to review literature on the classification of accommodative and ver- gence dysfunctions using keywords like binoc- ular vision dysfunctions, classification of non- strabismic binocular vision disorders or anom- alies, accommodative disorders/anomalies clas- sification and vergence disorders/anomalies classifications, and included works that described these anomalies. Nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies are classified as accommodative and vergence anomalies. There are three different major types of accommodative anomalies, namely accom- modative insufficiency, accommodative infa- cility (accommodative inertia), and accom- modative excess (accommodative spasm), and seven different types of vergence anomalies (convergence insufficiency, convergence excess, divergence insufficiency, divergence excess, basic esophoria, basic exophoria and fusional vergence dysfunctions), which are functional in origin. Functionally, there is a commonly reported interaction between accommodative and convergence insufficiency referred to as pseudoconvergence insufficien- cy. Accommodative paralysis (subtype of accommodative insufficiency) and vergence anomalies – i.e., convergence paralysis, con- vergence spasm and divergence paralysis – are non-functional in origin with underlying sys- temic disease etiologies. Systemic conver- gence insufficiency, associated with subnor- mal accommodation, is a non-functional inter- action between the accommodative and con- vergence insufficiency. The classification of nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies is based on the description of the clinical signs and the underlying etiology either functional or non-functional in origin. Proper diagnosis and management involves investigation of the underlying etiology in addition to the battery of binocular vision test procedures.

Source: UCC
A Review of the Ethno botany and Pharmacological Importance of Alstonia boonei De Wild (Apocynaceae)

Alstonia boonei De Wild is a herbal medicinal plant of West African origin, popularly known as God’s tree or“Onyamedua”.Within West Africa, it is considered as sacred in some forest communities; consequently the plant partsare not eaten. The plant parts have been traditionally used for its antimalarial, aphrodisiac, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antipyretic activities, which have also been proved scientiﬁcally. The plant parts are rich in various bioactive compounds such as echitamidine, Nα-formylechitamidine, boonein, loganin, lupeol, ursolic acid, and β-amyrin among which the alkaloids and triterpenoids form a major portion. The present paper aims at investigating the main research undertaken on the plant in order to provide suﬃcient baseline information for future work and for commercial exploitation

Source: UCC
A review of the ethnobotany and pharmacological importance of Alstonia ooneiDe ild (Apocynaceae)

Alstonia booneiDe ild is a herbal medicinal plant of West African origin, popularly known as God’s tree or “Onyame dua”. Within West Africa, it is considered as sacred in some forest communities; consequently the plant parts are not eaten. The plant parts have been traditionally used for its antimalarial, aphrodisiac, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antipyretic activities, which have also been proved scientifically. The plant parts are rich in various bioactive compounds such as echitamidine, Nα-formylechitamidine, boonein, loganin, lupeol, ursolic acid, and β-amyrin among which the alkaloids and triterpenoids form a major portion. The present paper aims at investigating the main research undertaken on the plant in order to provide sufficient baseline information for future work and for commercial exploitation

Source: UCC