ghanaopendata/ghanaian-research-english huggingface dataset:
Effect of intercropping sorghum and groundnuts on density of Striga hermonthica in The Gambia

Two intercropping trials were established in 1985-1986 to compare the effects of inter-row intercropping, intra-row intercropping, and sole cropping of sorghum and groundnuts on emergency of Striga shoots on sorghum. Intra-row intercropping reduced density of Striga significantly when compared with sole cropping of sorghum. This effect appeared tube soil temperature-mediated. Soil temperatures in intra-row intercropping were 2°C lower and closer to the minimum threshold of 30 °C than in sole sorghum during the peak period of germination

Source: UCC
Effect of interest rate changes on profitability of banks in Ghana

The study examines the effect of interest rate changes on bank profitability, using the pooled OLS panel data of 25 banks in Ghana between 2006 and 2015 (Bank of Ghana data scope). This population of the study consisted of banks in Ghana listed on Ghana Stock Exchange. The data gathered was analyzed using STATA 12.0. The explanatory variables used were interest rate changes, interest margin, deposit growth, Loan Loss Provision, Ownership Bank size whiles profitability indicator, ROA, we used as the dependent variable. From the descriptive statistics, the average profitability value suggests that the overall profitability of banks in Ghana is relatively low. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyzed the association among the variables (Both dependent variables and independent variables). It was observed that the correlations among all variables were low and there was weal positive and negative relationship among the variables. However, there was a strong positive correlation between interest rate changes and interest margin from the pooled OLS panel result, Interest rate changes and interest margin were positive and significantly (1% level of significant) linked to return on asset (ROA). The findings agree with those of Ongore and Okoth (2013) who found that interest rate volatility affected the performance of organizations especially in the financial sector in Kenya. In the regression model, the positive relationship between interest rate and bank return on asset may reflect how fluctuating and volatile interest rate may have contributed to the return on the asset of banks. This suggests that banks respond very fast to changes in interest rate.

Source: UCC
Effect of internal control on revenue collection in Kintampo Municipal Assembly

Revenue Generation has received significant public and regulators attention in the Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies in Ghana and the internal control has been identified as the most effective control mechanism that provides support in the revenue collection, eliminating income and resource loss, identifying and preventing fraud. This study was set to achieve three objectives namely; to assess the effect of controls activities on revenue collection, to examine the influence of control environment on revenue collection and to analyse how information and communication affect revenue collection in Kintampo Municipal Assembly. To achieve these objectives the researcher employed quantitative approaches. Questionnaires were used on a population of 63 respondents in gathering primary data for the study. The data collected was analysed by the use of SPSS version 20. The statistical data analysis tools used were; descriptive statistic, inferential statistic and test statistics. The findings revealed that internal controls had a significant influence on revenue collection in Kintampo Municipal Assembly. The study therefore, concludes that internal controls do function although with hiccups and that there is a significant effect between internal controls and revenue collection in Kintampo Municipal Assembly. The study recommends that major functional areas that are directly or indirectly related to revenue mobilization in the Assembly should be covered with explicit policies that are known by employees who will be affected by them. Management as a matter of policy should redesign internal control system that aimed at ensuring efficiency and effectiveness of operations, reliability of financial reporting and compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

Source: UCC
Effect Of Internal Control Practices On Employee Performance At Ayamfooya Memorial Hospital

The purpose of this research study is to examine the connection between employee performance and internal control practices in the healthcare sector, with a focus on Ayamfooya Memorial Hospital in the Nabdam District of the Upper East Region, Ghana. The study aims to investigate the impact of internal control practices on employee performance, identify existing internal control practices, and analyze their effects on employee performance. To achieve this objective, a quantitative research methodology was employed using an explanatory survey design. The data was collected from the entire staff population of Ayamfooya Memorial Hospital (n=53) using questionnaires. Various statistical techniques, such as mean, standard deviation, frequencies, percentages, correlation, and regression analysis, were used to analyze the data. The study found that the hospital's internal control practices included recruitment and selection, training, and compensation, and these practices had a significant impact on employee performance. Compensation was particularly crucial in enhancing employee performance, and the research established a robust correlation (R=0.941) and statistical significance (p<0.05) between internal control practices and employee performance. The study recommends diversifying internal control practices, involving employees in decision-making, and regularly assessing employee satisfaction to improve employee performance.

Source: UCC
Effect of internal control systems on performance of companies in the insurance industry in Ghana

The performance and survival of any industry in a rapidly changing environment, among other factors, depends largely upon the internal control systems (ICS) put in place. Given the critical role that ICS play in every industry, the study sought to examine the effect of ICS on performance of companies in the Ghanaian insurance industry. The five variables of ICS developed by the Committee of Sponsoring Organisations (COSO) were used as independent variables whereas the dependent variable relied on performance measures of building block model. Cross-sectional survey design was used and data were obtained from a sample of 91 out of a population of 113 using questionnaires. Stratified, simple random, purposive and oversampling techniques were adopted. Analyses of the data involved descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann Whitney U Test and ordinary least square regression techniques from Statistical Product for Service Solutions version 21 (SPSS 21.0). Key findings suggested that oil and gas, lost adjustor and reinsurance firms had low levels of performance and weak ICS whereas brokerage, life and non-life insurance firms had strong ICS and high levels of performance. Findings also revealed significant difference in the risk assessment procedures of non-life and brokerage firms. The study also found that ICS significantly influenced performance. It was concluded that life, nonlife and brokerage insurance companies paid much attention to their control systems. Recommendations were made to reinsurance, oil and gas, and lost adjuster firms in the industry to strengthen their information and communication systems. Non-life and brokerage firms were also advised to adopt risk assessment procedures based on their organisational context.

Source: UCC
Effect of internal control systems on the performance of selected microfinance institutions in the Central Region

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of internal control practices on the performance of microfinance institutions in the Central Region of Ghana. Primary data was gathered using questionnaires on internal controls designed to meet the Committee of the Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission 1992 report for microfinance institutions.The study adopted a quantitative approach with a descriptive survey method. A primary data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. The study revealed that internal control systems of microfinance institutions are effective and integrated into the daily operations of these microfinance institutions. Another finding was that, microfinance institutions can only achieve their corporate objectives if the internal control systems are effective. Poor internal control systems are due to highcost involved in implementing it and small size of organization to have an internal audit department to ensure effective internal controls. The study recommended that there should be adequate segregation of duties in the control activities, adequate managerial oversight and proper policies and procedures for microfinance institutions to operate effectively to achieve their objectives.

Source: UCC
Effect of internal controls on performance of rural banks in central region

The study sought to examine the effect of internal control practices on the performance of rural banks in Central Region. The study applied the explanatory research design to conducting the study which perfectly supported the quantitative orientation used for the measurement of the constructs and the analysis of the objectives through inferential statistical means. Primary data was collected through structured questionnaires. The study employed descriptive statistics and structural equation model in analysing the objective of the study. The study found that holistically, all the dimensions of internal control practices were perceived as effective regarding their implementation by the rural banks given the threshold of the mean scores obtained. The study also found that there was a positive and significant correlation between monitoring activities and firm performance. Similarly, the study showed that there was a positive and significant correlation between control activities and firm performance. Furthermore, it was found that there was a positive significant correlation between risk management practices and firm performance. Finally, there was a positive and significant correlation between information and communication practices and firm performance. Control activities, control environment and risk management failed to make any significant contributions to the change in firm performance although their contributions were positive. The study recommends that there is the need for the rural banks in the Central Region to intensify their system of corporate governance to ensure the effective implementation of internal control systems.

Source: UCC
Effect of Internal Controls on the Financial Performance of the Church of Pentecost in the Komenda Edina Eguafo Abrem District

A proficient system of internal control is a vital component in managing an organization, and serves as the foundation for the secure operation of entities. It has also been proven to have led to the perception of being fundamental to employee and organizational performance. Internal controls serve as a means to align organizational goals and aspirations with employees’ capabilities, activities, and performance. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of effective internal controls on the finances of not-for-profit organizations that focus on the Church of Pentecost under the Elmina District of the Church of Pentecost in Komenda Edina Eguafo Abrem Municipal Assembly. The investigation was conducted by distributing 160 questionnaires to members of the Church of Pentecost – Elmina District. The questionnaire results show a significant impact on finances when internal control systems are working in a non-profit organization.

Source: UCC
Effect of Internal Controls on the Performance of Co-Operative Credit Unions in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of internal control on the performance of co-operative credit unions in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The Yamane`s sampling technique was used to select the 167 respondents who were key employees of the CUs. Questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that internal control has significant positive effect on the performance of the co-operative credit unions in the Brong Ahafo region of Ghana. Also, it reveals that the major challenge or limitation to internal control is poor response to anomalies reported. Also, proper implementation of controls was found to be a challenge in the sampled CUs. However, greater proportion of the selected co-operative credit unions has good internal control systems in place and personnel or workers have the necessary skills and attitude to maintain the systems of internal control. Clearly, internal control practices have been found to be available at all levels of the organisational management hierarchy. The study recommends that the management of credit unions should effective and efficient implement internal control systems that matches their business` needs and invest in them appropriately to enhance the performance of the CUs. Also, the co-operative credit unions should embrace and invest significantly in risk assessment and management to maximize the benefits of internal control systems. This current study would serve as a wake-up call for all stakeholders with respect to ensuring the effective use of internal control systems in their organisations.

Source: UCC
Effect of internal marketing on employee job Satisfaction in compassion international – Ghana Assisted projects in the Central Region

Traditionally, the primary focus and objective of most organisations were skewed towards serving and satisfying its external customers. However, in today’s turbulent, competitive and dynamic business environment, organizations are gradually appreciating that human resources are the conduit through which external customers could be satisfied, hence the need to satisfy employees first. Consequently, internal marketing has become a growing concept in organizations. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effect of internal marketing on employee job satisfaction in Compassion International – Ghana Assisted Projects in the Central Region. The causal research design was adopted for the study. Stratified sampling technique was used in selecting the respondents for the study. Questionnaire was the main data collection instrument for the study. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was the main analytical tool for the study. The findings of the study revealed that internal marketing was practiced in the organization. It was also found that employees were generally satisfied with their job, yet, their level of satisfaction was considered slightly high. Furthermore, it was found that internal marketing had an effect on employee job satisfaction. Finally, it was found that among the internal marketing elements, motivation had a positive but insignificant effect on employee job satisfaction. The study, therefore, concluded that motivation as an element of internal marketing must be critically looked at. The study therefore recommended management to have a careful look at the motivation element of internal marketing because the premise of internal marketing is the ‘motivation’ of employees.

Source: UCC
Effect of internal marketing practices on sustainable performance of hotels in the central region of Ghana: The mediating role of organisational commitment

The hotel industry has been one of the industries in Ghana recognized for creating jobs for thousands of “people and making a crucial contribution to the GDP of the country. However, a lot of their success and operations rely on their employees. Underpinned by the social exchange and resource-based theories, this study explored the relationship between internal marketing practices, organisational commitment and sustainable performance of hotels. The positivist philosophy guided the study. A sample size of”258 hotel sector personnel was determined using the Krejcie and Morgan table, the multi-stage sampling procedure, and the quantitative approach and cross-sectional research design were utilised in the study. Data were gathered with self-administered questionnaires, with a valid response of 245, representing a 94.9% response rate. The data was processed using SPSS version 25 and SmartPLS 4, and Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was the data analysis tool utilised. The study discovered that staff training and internal communication had a significant impact on long-term success. On the other hand, employee empowerment hurts long-term performance. Conversely, the association between internal marketing practices and sustainable performance was not mediated by organisational commitment. The study concluded that internal communication and employee training are important predictors of sustainable performance.” Although employee empowerment is not a predictor of sustainable performance, managers and hotel owners should prioritize internal communication and employee training and provide their staff with the freedom to make well-informed decisions on their behalf.

Source: UCC
Effect of Internally Generated Fund and Government Subvention on the Financial Sustainability of Public Universities in Ghana: Evidence From the University of Cape Coast

The study examined the effects of the Internally Generated Fund (IGF) and government subvention on financial sustainability at the University of Cape Coast. Specifically, the study assessed the effects of IGF on financial sustainability at the University of Cape Coast, assessed the effects of government subvention on financial sustainability at the University of Cape Coast, and identified identify the challenges associated with IGF and government subvention on financial sustainability at the University of Cape Coast. The study was guided by an explanatory research design. Data was collected from 135 University of Cape Coast staff (stores, audit, procurement and head of departments staffs) through a simple random sampling technique and analysed using partial least square estimation. The main finding of the study was that universities that incorporate IGF initiatives such as residential and academic user facility fees paid by regular students and fees by sandwich students, transcript fees, attestations fees, graduation fees, facility user fees, printing press, and consultancy services into their corporate objectives are more likely to attain and improve their financial sustainability. Also, the study found that universities able to access government subventions are better positioned to sustain themselves financially. Hence, it was recommended that the universities strive to generate funds internally and access government subvention to improve their financial sustainability. Again, the decision-makers in these universities are to note that in order for them to improve financial sustainability, addressing the challenges associated with IGF and government subvention should be a major objective they should thrive to achieve.

Source: UCC
Effect of inventory management practices on performance of small and medium-scale Entreprises in the cape coast metropolis

This study examined the effect of inventory management practices on the performance of small and medium-scale enterprises in the Cape Coast Metropolis. The study adopted the descriptive and correlational study designs and used the proportional stratified sampling technique to select 341 small and medium enterprises in the Cape Coast Metropolis, who served as sample size for the study. Respondents constituted owners/managers of SMEs. Questionnaires were designed based on past empirical studies and data collection was aided by enumerator. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistical tools (frequencies, percentages, mean scores) as well as inferential statistics (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, regression analysis)using SPSS for windows, version 21.The findings revealed that SMEs in the Cape Coast Metropolis apply information technology, lean inventory systems and strategic suppler partnership in their firms. Also, inventory management practices had a positive and significant relationship with the performance of SMEs in the Cape Coast Metropolis. Finally, there was positive effect of inventory management practices (information technology, lean inventory system, strategic supplier partnership) on the performance of SMEs in the Cape Coast Metropolis. The study recommended that the state agencies that seek the welfare of SMEs, for instance, NBSSI and Ghana Chamber of Commerce should encourage owner/managers of small and medium sized enterprises to embrace inventory innovations in order to generate long term stability and for the firm to have competences.

Source: UCC
Effect of ionization of impurity centres by electric field on the conductivity of superlattice

The study of the effect of ionization of impurity centres by electric field Ea on the conductivity of superlattice (SL) has been studied theoretically. It is observed that as the field Eo increases the current rises reaches a maximum then falls off i.e. show a negative differential conductivity (NDC). Further increase in Eg leads to an exponential rise of the current. This occur around E$ = 3 x 104V cm"1. Hence the current density field shows a U N" shape characteristics as against the "n" shape characteristics in the absence of impurity

Source: UCC
Effect of Ionizing Irradiation on Seed Quality, Agronomic Performance and Yield of M1 And M2 Mutant Cowpea Lines

The use of mutation breeding in crop improvement is becoming popular in recent times with gamma rays being among the most widely used physical mutagens. However, during gamma-irradiation of seeds to generate desirable traits, certain physiological and biochemical processes are affected. This study sought to examine the effect of irradiation on seed quality, including physiological, seed health, agronomic and yield performance of mutant cowpea lines. Twenty-five (25) cowpea lines were irradiated at five (5) doses of gamma radiation (0, 50, 100, 150 & 200 Gy) at a rate of 330 Gys-1. The results showed significant differences (p<0.05) among the lines in germination parameters, percentage mycoflora infection, agronomic and yield parameters. Increasing irradiation up to 200 Gy led to an increase in percentage hard seeds, mean germination time and uncertainty of germination. However, increasing irradiation led to a decrease in coefficient of variation of germination time, mean germination rate and synchronization index. Irradiation doses up to 200 Gy did not show a significant lethal effect on percentage infections for Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Penicillium and Fusarium moniliforme. The pre-treated irradiated cowpea seeds recorded relatively lower mycoflora infections for saprophytic fungi. Increasing irradiation up to 200 Gy showed decreasing plant height at 21 days after planting and at flowering as well as decreasing pod length and seeds per pod but led to an increase in 100 seed weight. Low doses of irradiation up to 200 Gy affected germination time and synchrony, agronomic performance and yield parameters of both M1 and M2 mutant generations but relatively higher doses would be required to reduce seed-borne mycoflora.

Source: UCC