geopti/opus-en-el-eval-mixture huggingface dataset:
English: Comparisons of the effect along a dose range should avoid the use of multiple t-tests. The statistical methods should be selected during the design of the study.
Greek: Με τη σύγκριση των επιδράσεων σε ένα εύρος δόσεων αποφεύγεται η χρήση πολλών δοκιμών t. Οι στατιστικές μέθοδοι πρέπει να επιλέγονται κατά τον σχεδιασμό της μελέτης.
English: Histological Methods for the Evaluation of the Testis.
Greek: Histological Methods for the Evaluation of the Testis. In:
English: The duration of an exposure spans the time that the test chemical is generated. This takes into account the times required to attain chamber equilibration (t95) and decay.
Greek: Η διάρκεια μιας έκθεσης καλύπτει τον χρόνο παραγωγής της ελεγχόμενης χημικής ουσίας, στον οποίο λαμβάνονται υπόψη οι χρόνοι που απαιτούνται για την εξισορρόπηση του θαλάμου (t95) και τη διάσπαση.
English: OECD (1981). Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity Testing, Original Test Guideline No 412, Environment Directorate, OECD, Paris.
Greek: OECD (1981), Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity Testing, Original Test Guideline No 412, Environment Directorate, OECD, Paris.
English: Interim Policy for Particle Size and Limit Concentration Issues in Inhalation Toxicity Studies. Office of Pesticide Programs, United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Greek: , Interim Policy for Particle Size and Limit Concentration Issues in Inhalation Toxicity Studies, Office of Pesticide Programs, United States Environmental Protection Agency.
English: Histopathological examination of the rat nasal cavity. Fundam.
Greek: , Histopathological examination of the rat nasal cavity, Fundam.
English: Comparative pathology of the nasal mucosa in laboratory animals exposed to inhaled irritants. Environ.
Greek: , Comparative pathology of the nasal mucosa in laboratory animals exposed to inhaled irritants, Environ.
English: Upper respiratory tract carcinogenesis in experimental animals and in humans.
Greek: , Upper respiratory tract carcinogenesis in experimental animals and in humans, στο:
English: Nasal diagrams: A tool for recording the distribution of nasal lesions in rats and mice.
Greek: , Nasal diagrams:
English: Kuper CF, Koornstra PJ, Hameleers DMH, Biewenga J, Spit BJ, Duijvestijn AM, Breda Vriesman van PJC, Sminia T (1992). The role of nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue. Immunol.
Greek: Kuper C.F., Koornstra P.J., Hameleers D.M.H., Biewenga J., Spit B.J., Duijvestijn A.M., Breda Vriesman van P.J.C., Sminia T. (1992), The role of nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue, Immunol.
English: Toxicity to nasal-associated lymphoid tissue. Toxicol.
Greek: , Toxicity to nasal-associated lymphoid tissue, Toxicol.
English: Lewis DJ (1981). Mitotic Indices of Rat Laryngeal Epithelia.
Greek: Lewis D.J.
English: Journal of Anatomy 132(3): 419-428.
Greek: , Mitotic Indices of Rat Laryngeal Epithelia, Journal of Anatomy 132(3): 419-428.
English: OECD (1981). Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity Testing, Original Test Guideline No 413, Environment Directorate, OECD, Paris.
Greek: OECD (1981), Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity Testing, Original Test Guideline No 413, Environment Directorate, OECD, Paris.
English: Target Organ Toxicology Series, Raven Press, New York, 215-263.
Greek: (eds), Carcinogenesis, Target Organ Toxicology Series, Raven Press, New York, 215-263.
English: OECD (1995). Report of the Consultation Meeting on Sub-chronic and Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Testing (Rome, 1995), internal working document, Environment Directorate, OECD, Paris.
Greek: OECD (1995), Report of the Consultation Meeting on Sub-chronic and Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Testing (Rome, 1995), internal working document, Environment Directorate, OECD, Paris.
English: Combes RD, Gaunt I, Balls M (2004). A Scientific and Animal Welfare Assessment of the OECD Health Effects Test Guidelines for the Safety Testing of Chemicals under the European Union REACH System.
Greek: Combes R.D., Gaunt I., Balls M. (2004), A Scientific and Animal Welfare Assessment of the OECD Health Effects Test Guidelines for the Safety Testing of Chemicals under the European Union REACH System, ATLA 32:
English: Hazard identification by methods of animal-based toxicology. Food.
Greek: , Hazard identification by methods of animal-based toxicology, Food.
English: Chhabra RS, Bucher JR, Wolfe M, Portier C (2003). Toxicity characterization of environmental chemicals by the US National Toxicology Programme: an overview.
Greek: Chhabra R.S., Bucher J.R., Wolfe M., Portier C. (2003), Toxicity characterization of environmental chemicals by the US National Toxicology Programme:
English: OECD (2009). Guidance Document on Acute Inhalation Toxicity Testing, Series on Testing and Assessment No 39, ENV/JM/MONO(2009)28, OECD, Paris.
Greek: OECD (2009), Guidance Document on Acute Inhalation Toxicity Testing, Series on Testing and Assessment N°39, ENV/JM/MONO(2009)28, OECD, Paris.
English: The Acquisition and Application of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) Data in Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessments.
Greek: , The Acquisition and Application of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) Data in Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessments, Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36:
English: A Tiered Approach to Systemic Toxicity Testing for Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment.
Greek: , A Tiered Approach to Systemic Toxicity Testing for Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment, Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36:
English: A Tiered Approach to Life Stages Testing for Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment.
Greek: , A Tiered Approach to Life Stages Testing for Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment, Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36:
English: ILSI (International Life Sciences Institute) (1997). Principles for the Selection of Doses in Chronic Rodent Bioassays.
Greek: ILSI (International Life Sciences Institute) (1997), Principles for the Selection of Doses in Chronic Rodent Bioassays.
English: National Research Council, 1985. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals.
Greek: National Research Council (1985), Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, NIH Publication No.
English: NIH Publication No 86-23. Washington D.C., US.
Greek: 86-23, Washington D.C., US.
English: GV-SOLAS (Society for Laboratory Animal Science, Gesellschaft für Versuchstierkunde, 1988). Publication on the Planning and Structure of Animal Facilities for Institutes Performing Animal Experiments. ISBN 3-906255-04-2.
Greek: GV-SOLAS (Society for Laboratory Animal Science, Gesellschaft für Versuchstierkunde, 1988), Publication on the Planning and Structure of Animal Facilities for Institutes Performing Animal Experiments, ISBN 3-906255-04-2.
English: GV-SOLAS (Society for Laboratory Animal Science, Gesellschaft für Versuchstierkunde, 2006). Microbiological monitoring of laboratory animals in various housing systems.
Greek: GV-SOLAS (Society for Laboratory Animal Science, Gesellschaft für Versuchstierkunde, 2006), Microbiological monitoring of laboratory animals in various housing systems.
English: Diehl K-H, Hull R, Morton D, Pfister R, Rabemampianina Y, Smith D, Vidal J-M, van de Vorstenbosch C. 2001. A good practice guide to the administration of substances and removal of blood, including routes and volumes. Journal of Applied Toxicology 21:15-23.
Greek: Diehl K.-H., Hull R., Morton D., Pfister R., Rabemampianina Y., Smith D., Vidal J.-M., van de Vorstenbosch C. (2001), A good practice guide to the administration of substances and removal of blood, including routes and volumes, Journal of Applied Toxicology 21:15-23.
English: IPCS (1986). Principles and Methods for the Assessment of Neurotoxicity Associated with Exposure to Chemicals.
Greek: IPCS (1986), Principles and Methods for the Assessment of Neurotoxicity Associated with Exposure to Chemicals, Environmental Health Criteria Document No.
English: Utility of the Neurologic Examination in Rats. Acta Neurobiol.
Greek: , Utility of the Neurologic Examination in Rats, Acta Neurobiol.
English: A Neuromuscular Screen for Use in Industrial Toxicology. J. Toxicol.Environ.
Greek: , A Neuromuscular Screen for Use in Industrial Toxicology, J. Toxicol.Environ.
English: A Method for the RoutineAssessment of Fore- and Hind-limb Grip Strength of Rats and Mice. Neurobehav.
Greek: , A Method for the RoutineAssessment of Fore- and Hind-limb Grip Strength of Rats and Mice, Neurobehav.
English: Interlaboratory Comparison of Motor Activity Experiments: Implication for Neurotoxicological Assessments.
Greek: , Interlaboratory Comparison of Motor Activity Experiments:
English: Neurotoxicol.
Greek: Implication for Neurotoxicological Assessments, Neurotoxicol.
English: Harmonisation of Animal Clinical Pathology Testing in Toxicity and Safety Studies. Fundam.
Greek: , Harmonisation of Animal Clinical Pathology Testing in Toxicity and Safety Studies, Fundam.
English: Best Practices Guideline: Toxicological Histopathology.
Greek: , Best Practices Guideline:
English: EPA (2005). Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment Risk Assessment Forum U.S.
Greek: EPA (2005), Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment Risk Assessment Forum U.S.
English: Combes RD, Gaunt, I, Balls M (2004). A Scientific and Animal Welfare Assessment of the OECD Health Effects Test Guidelines for the Safety Testing of Chemicals under the European Union REACH System.
Greek: Combes R.D., Gaunt I., Balls M. (2004), A Scientific and Animal Welfare Assessment of the OECD Health Effects Test Guidelines for the Safety Testing of Chemicals under the European Union REACH System, ATLA 32:
English: Barlow SM, Greig JB, Bridges JW et al (2002). Hazard identification by methods of animal-based toxicology. Food.
Greek: Barlow S.M., Greig J.B., Bridges J.W. et al (2002), Hazard identification by methods of animal-based toxicology, Food.
English: IPCS Framework for analyzing the Relevance of a Cancer Mode of Action for Humans.
Greek: , IPCS Framework for analyzing the Relevance of a Cancer Mode of Action for Humans, Crit.
English: Crit.
Greek: An Overview, Crit.
English: The human relevance of information on carcinogenic Modes of Action: An Overview.
Greek: , The human relevance of information on carcinogenic Modes of Action:
English: Mode of Action in Relevance of Rodent Liver Tumors to Human Cancer Risk. Toxicol.
Greek: , Mode of Action in Relevance of Rodent Liver Tumors to Human Cancer Risk, Toxicol.
English: A Framework for Human Relevance analysis of Information on Carcinogenic Modes of Action. Crit.
Greek: , A Framework for Human Relevance analysis of Information on Carcinogenic Modes of Action, Crit.
English: Carmichael NG, Barton HA, Boobis AR et al (2006). Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment: A Multisector Approach to the Modernization of Human Safety Requirements.
Greek: Carmichael N.G., Barton H.A., Boobis A.R. et al (2006), Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment:
English: Barton HA, Pastoor TP, Baetcke T et al (2006). The Acquisition and Application of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) Data in Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessments.
Greek: Barton H.A., Pastoor T.P., Baetcke T. et al (2006), The Acquisition and Application of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) Data in Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessments, Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36:
English: Doe JE, Boobis AR, Blacker A et al (2006). A Tiered Approach to Systemic Toxicity Testing for Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment.
Greek: Doe J.E., Boobis A.R., Blacker A. et al (2006), A Tiered Approach to Systemic Toxicity Testing for Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment, Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36:
English: Cooper RL, Lamb JS, Barlow SM et al (2006). A Tiered Approach to Life Stages Testing for Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment.
Greek: Cooper R.L., Lamb J.S., Barlow S.M. et al (2006), A Tiered Approach to Life Stages Testing for Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment, Critical Reviews in Toxicology 36:
English: ILSI (International Life Sciences Institute) (1997). Principles for the Selection of Doses in Chronic Rodent Bioassays. Foran JA (Ed.). ILSI Press, Washington, DC.
Greek: ILSI (International Life Sciences Institute) (1997), Principles for the Selection of Doses in Chronic Rodent Bioassays, Foran JA (Ed.), ILSI Press, Washington, DC.
English: The utility of the mouse for the assessment of the carcinogenic potential of pharmaceuticals.
Greek: , The utility of the mouse for the assessment of the carcinogenic potential of pharmaceuticals, In D’Arcy P.O.F.
English: In D’Arcy POF & Harron DWG (eds). Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Harmonisation.
Greek: (eds), Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Harmonisation, Queen’s University Press, Belfast, pp.
English: The Significance of Mouse Liver Tumor Formation for Carcinogenic Risk Assessment: Results and Conclusions from a Survey of 10 Years of Testing by the Agrochemical Industry. Environ Health Perspect.
Greek: Results and Conclusions from a Survey of Ten Years of Testing by the Agrochemical Industry, Environ Health Perspect.
English: Diehl K-H, Hull R, Morton D, Pfister R, Rabemampianina Y, Smith D, Vidal J-M, van de Vorstenbosch C. (2001). A good practice guide to the administration of substances and removal of blood, including routes and volumes. Journal of Applied Toxicology 21:15-23.
Greek: Diehl K.-H., Hull R., Morton D., Pfister R., Rabemampianina Y., Smith D., Vidal J.-M., van de Vorstenbosch C. (2001), A good practice guide to the administration of substances and removal of blood, including routes and volumes, Journal of Applied Toxicology 21:15-23.
English: Harmonization of Animal Clinical Pathology Testing in Toxicity and Safety Studies. Fund.
Greek: , Harmonization of Animal Clinical Pathology Testing in Toxicity and Safety Studies, Fund.
English: Health 206: 437-445
Greek: Health 206: 437-445.
English: Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment: A Multisector Approach to the Modernization of Human Safety Requirements. Crit.
Greek: A Multisector Approach to the Modernization of Human Safety Requirements, Crit.
English: The Acquisition and Application of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) Data in Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessments. Crit.
Greek: , The Acquisition and Application of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) Data in Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessments, Crit.
English: A Tiered Approach to Systemic Toxicity Testing for Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment. Crit.
Greek: , A Tiered Approach to Systemic Toxicity Testing for Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment, Crit.
English: A Tiered Approach to Life Stages Testing for Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment. Crit.
Greek: , A Tiered Approach to Life Stages Testing for Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment, Crit.
English: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Harmonisation.
Greek: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Harmonisation, Queen’s University Press, Belfast, pp.
English: Carmichael NG, Enzmann H, Pate I, Waechter F (1997). The Significance of Mouse Liver Tumor Formation for Carcinogenic Risk Assessment: Results and Conclusions from a Survey of 10 Years of Testing by the Agrochemical Industry.
Greek: Carmichael N.G., Enzmann H., Pate I., Waechter F. (1997), The Significance of Mouse Liver Tumor Formation for Carcinogenic Risk Assessment:
English: GV-SOLAS (Society for Laboratory Animal Science, Gesellschaft für Versuchstierkunde, December, 1989). Publication on the Planning and Structure of Animal Facilities for Institutes Performing Animal Experiments.
Greek: GV-SOLAS (Society for Laboratory Animal Science, Gesellschaft für Versuchstierkunde, December, 1989), Publication on the Planning and Structure of Animal Facilities for Institutes Performing Animal Experiments.
English: Diehl K-H, Hull R, Morton D, Pfister R, Rabemampianina Y, Smith D, Vidal J-M, van de Vorstenbosch C. (2001). A good practice guide to the administration of substances and removal of blood, including routes and volumes.
Greek: Diehl K.-H., Hull R., Morton D., Pfister R., Rabemampianina Y., Smith D., Vidal J.-M., van de Vorstenbosch C. (2001), A good practice guide to the administration of substances and removal of blood, including routes and volumes, Journal of Applied Toxicology 21:
English: A Neuromuscular Screen for Use in Industrial Toxicology.
Greek: , A Neuromuscular Screen for Use in Industrial Toxicology, J. Toxicol.
English: The use of pilot studies is recommended and encouraged for the selection of experimental parameters for the toxicokinetics studies (e.g. metabolism, mass balance, analytical procedures, dose-finding, exhalation of CO2, etc.). Characterisation of some of these parameters may not necessitate the use of radiolabelled chemicals.
Greek: Η χρήση πιλοτικών μελετών συνιστάται και ενθαρρύνεται για την επιλογή πειραματικών παραμέτρων για τις μελέτες τοξικοκινητικής (π.χ. μεταβολισμού, ισοζυγίου μάζας, αναλυτικών διαδικασιών, εύρεσης του πεδίου τιμών δόσης, αποβολής CO2 κ.λπ. Για τον χαρακτηρισμό ορισμένων από τις παραμέτρους αυτές ενδέχεται να μην απαιτείται η χρήση ραδιοσημασμένων χημικών ουσιών.
English: Stumpf WE (2005). Drug localization and targeting with receptor microscopic autoradiography.
Greek: Stumpf W.E.
English: J. Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 51: 25-40.
Greek: , Drug localization and targeting with receptor microscopic autoradiography, J. Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 51: 25-40.
English: Development of good modelling practice for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for use in risk assessment: The first steps.
Greek: , Development of good modelling practice for physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for use in risk assessment:
English: IPCS (2010). Characterization and application of Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Models in Risk Assessment.
Greek: IPCS (2010), Characterization and application of Physiologically-BasedPharmacokinetic Models in Risk Assessment.
English: IPCS Harmonization Project Document No 9. Geneva, World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety.
Greek: IPCS Harmonization Project Document No 9, Geneva, World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety.
English: Not to be confused with “bioavailability”. Accumulation (Bioaccumulation)
Greek: Εμβαδόν κάτω από την καμπύλη σε γραφική παράσταση της συγκέντρωσης μιας ελεγχόμενης χημικής ουσίας στο πλάσμα συναρτήσει του χρόνου.
English: When autoradiography is used, experiments intended to determine mass balance of administered compound should be conducted as a separate group or in a separate study from the tissue distribution experiment, where all excreta (which may also include expired air) and whole carcasses are homogenised and assayed by liquid scintillation counting. Biliary excretion Excretion via the bile ducts. Bioaccumulation See “Accumulation”. Bioavailability
Greek: Η ποσοτική ολόσωμη αυτοραδιογραφία, σε σύγκριση με την ανατομή των οργάνων, ενδέχεται να έχει ορισμένα πλεονεκτήματα για την αξιολόγηση της κατανομής της ελεγχόμενης χημικής ουσίας και την εκτίμηση της συνολικής ανάκτησης και του διαχωρισμού του ραδιενεργού υλικού στους ιστούς.
English: Fraction of an administered dose that reaches the systemic circulation or is made available at the site of physiological activity. Usually, bioavailability of a test chemical refers to the parent compound, but it could refer to its metabolite. It considers only one chemical form.
Greek: Ένα σημαντικό πλεονέκτημα, παραδείγματος χάριν, είναι ότι η τεχνική αυτή μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί σε μοντέλο ζώων που φέρουν κηλίδες για την εκτίμηση της πιθανής σύνδεσης της ελεγχόμενης χημικής ουσίας με τη μελανίνη, η οποία μπορεί να δεσμεύει ορισμένα μόρια.
English: Nota Bene: bioavailability and absorption are not the same. The difference between e.g. oral absorption (i.e. presence in gut wall and portal circulation) and bioavailability (i.e. presence in systemic blood and in tissues) can arise from chemical degradation due to gut wall metabolism or efflux transport back to the intestinal lumen or presystemic metabolism in the liver, among other factors (10).
Greek: Ωστόσο, παρόλο που προσφέρει εύκολη επισκόπηση των θέσεων σύνδεσης υψηλής χωρητικότητας αλλά χαμηλής συγγένειας σε ολόκληρο το σώμα, η τεχνική αυτή ενδέχεται να υπόκειται σε περιορισμούς όσον αφορά την αναγνώριση συγκεκριμένων θέσεων στόχου, όπως οι θέσεις σύνδεσης με υποδοχείς, όταν απαιτείται σχετικά υψηλή ανάλυση και υψηλή ευαισθησία για την ανίχνευση.
English: Bioavailability of the toxic component (parent compound or a metabolite) is a critical parameter in human risk assessment (high-to-low dose extrapolation, route-to-route extrapolation) for derivation of an internal value from the external NOAEL or BMD (applied dose). For liver effects upon oral administration, it is the oral absorption that suffices.
Greek: Όταν χρησιμοποιείται αυτοραδιογραφία, πρέπει να εκτελούνται πειράματα με σκοπό τον προσδιορισμό του ισοζυγίου μάζας της χορηγούμενης ουσίας, ως χωριστή ομάδα ή σε μελέτη χωριστή από το πείραμα ιστικής κατανομής, όπου όλα τα απεκκρίματα (ενδεχομένως συμπεριλαμβανομένου του εκπνεόμενου αέρα) και ολόκληρα τα σφάγια ομογενοποιούνται και υποβάλλονται σε δοκιμασία με μέτρηση σπινθηρισμού υγρών.
English: Biotransformation (Usually enzymatic) chemical conversion of a test chemical of interest into a different chemical within the body.
Greek: Συνήθως, η βιοδιαθεσιμότητα μιας ελεγχόμενης χημικής ουσίας αναφέρεται στη μητρική ένωση, αλλά μπορεί να αναφέρεται επίσης στους μεταβολίτες της.
English: Quantitative measure of the rate at which a test chemical is removed from the blood, plasma or a certain tissue per unit time. Compartment
Greek: Η βιοδιαθεσιμότητα του τοξικού στοιχείου (μητρική ένωση ή μεταβολίτης) αποτελεί κρίσιμη παράμετρο κατά την εκτίμηση των κινδύνων για τον άνθρωπο (παρέκταση από την υψηλή δόση σε χαμηλή, παρέκταση από μια οδό σε άλλη) για τον προσδιορισμό εσωτερικής τιμής από την εξωτερική τιμή NOAEL ή BMD (εφαρμοζόμενη δόση).
English: Structural or biochemical portion (or unit) of a body, tissue or cell, that is separate from the rest. Detoxification pathways
Greek: Για την αξιολόγηση των επιδράσεων στο ήπαρ μετά από χορήγηση από το στόμα, αρκεί η απορρόφηση από το στόμα.
English: Series of steps leading to the elimination of toxic chemicals from the body, either by metabolic change or excretion. Distribution
Greek: Ωστόσο, για την αξιολόγηση οποιασδήποτε άλλης επίδρασης πέραν του σημείου εισόδου, η βιοδιαθεσιμότητα και όχι η απορρόφηση αποτελεί γενικά πιο αξιόπιστη παράμετρο για περαιτέρω χρήση στην εκτίμηση των κινδύνων.
English: Proteins that catalyse chemical reactions. Isozymes are enzymes that catalyse similar chemical reactions but differ in their amino acid sequence.
Greek: (Συνήθως ενζυματική) χημική μετατροπή μιας ελεγχόμενης χημικής ουσίας που ενδιαφέρει σε διαφορετική χημική ουσία μέσα στο σώμα.
English: Introduced from or produced outside the organism or system. Extrapolation
Greek: Βλέπε “Συσσώρευση”.
English: The time taken for the concentration of the test chemical to decrease by one-half in a compartment. It typically refers to plasma concentration or the amount of the test chemical in the whole body.
Greek: Μια διεργασία είναι γραμμική από πλευράς κινητικής, όταν όλα τα ποσοστά μεταφοράς μεταξύ διαμερισμάτων είναι ανάλογα με τις παρούσες ποσότητες ή συγκεντρώσεις, δηλαδή κινητική πρώτης τάξεως.
English: Induction/Enzyme induction Enzyme synthesis in response to an environmental stimulus or inducer molecule. Linearity/linear kinetics
Greek: Επομένως, οι όγκοι κάθαρσης και κατανομής, όπως και ο χρόνος υποδιπλασιασμού, είναι σταθεροί.
English: The concentrations achieved are proportional to the dosing rate (exposure), and accumulation is more easily predictable. Linearity/Non-linearity can be assessed by comparing the relevant parameters, e.g. AUC, after different doses or after single and repeated exposure.
Greek: Η γραμμικότητα/μη γραμμικότητα μπορεί να εκτιμηθεί με σύγκριση των σχετικών παραμέτρων, π.χ. της AUC, μετά από χορήγηση διαφορετικών δόσεων ή από εφάπαξ ή επανειλημμένη έκθεση.