The Royal Air Force developed close air support into its then most refined form during the Arab Revolt. Air patrols had been found effective in keeping convoys and trains free from attack, but this did not help to expose insurgents to battle conditions likely to cause their defeat. From the middle of June 1936 wireless vehicles accompanied all convoys and patrols. During rebel attacks these vehicles could issue emergency "XX calls" (XX with a coded location), which were given priority over all other radio traffic, to summon aerial reinforcements. Bombers, which were usually airborne within five minutes, could then either attack insurgents directly or "fix" their position for infantry troops. Forty-seven such XX calls were issued during the revolt, causing heavy losses to the rebels.This use of air power was so successful that the British were able to reduce the regular garrison.In 1936 an Air Staff Officer in Middle East Command based in Egypt, Arthur Harris, known as an advocate of "air policing", commented on the revolt saying that "one 250 lb. or 500 lb. bomb in each village that speaks out of turn" would satisfactorily solve the problem. In 1937 Harris was promoted to Air Commodore and in 1938 he was posted to Palestine and Trans-Jordan as Air Officer Commanding the RAF contingent in the region until September 1939. "Limited" bombing attacks on Arab villages were carried out by the RAF, although at times this involved razing whole villages to the ground. Harris described the system by which recalcitrant villages were kept under control by aerial bombardment as "Air-Pin".Aircraft of the RAF were also used to drop propaganda leaflets over Palestinian towns and villages telling the fellahin that they were the main sufferers of the rebellion and threatening an increase in taxes.Low flying RAF squadrons were able to produce detailed intelligence on the location of road blocks, sabotaged bridges, railways and pipelines. RAF aerial photographs were also used to build up a detailed map of Arab population distribution.Although the British Army was responsible for setting up the Arab counter-insurgent forces (known as the peace bands) and supplying them with arms and money these were operated by RAF Intelligence, commanded by Patrick Domville.At the beginning of the revolt RAF assets in the region comprised a bomber flight at RAF Ramleh, an RAF armoured car flight at Ramleh, fourteen bomber squadrons at RAF Amman, and a RAF armoured car company at Ma'an.
With the failure of the Peel Commission's proposals the revolt resumed during the autumn of 1937 marked by the assassination on 26 September of Acting District Commissioner of the Galilee Lewis Andrews by Arab gunmen in Nazareth. On 30 September, regulations were issued allowing the Government to detain political deportees in any part of the British Empire, and authorizing the High Commissioner to outlaw associations whose objectives he regarded as contrary to public policy. Haj Amin al-Husseini was removed from the leadership of the Supreme Moslem Council and the General Waqf Committee, the local National Committees and the Arab Higher Committee were disbanded; five Arab leaders were arrested  and deported to the Seychelles; and in fear of arrest Jamal el-Husseini fled to Syria and Haj Amin el-Husseini to Lebanon; all frontiers with Palestine were closed, telephone connections to neighbouring countries were withdrawn, press censorship was introduced and a special concentration camp was opened near Acre.In November, 1937, military courts were established for the trial of offenses connected with the carrying and discharge of firearms, sabotage and intimidation. Despite this, however, the Arab campaign of murder and sabotage continued and Arab gangs in the hills took on the appearance of organized guerrilla fighters.Violence continued throughout 1938. In July, 1938, when the Palestine Government seemed to have largely lost control of the situation, the garrison was strengthened from Egypt, and in September it was further reinforced from England. The police were placed under the operational control of the army commander, and military officials superseded the civil authorities in the enforcement of order. In October the Old City of Jerusalem, which had become a rebel stronghold, was reoccupied by the troops. By the end of the year a semblance of order had been restored in the towns, but terrorism continued in rural areas until the outbreak of the Second World War.Despite cooperation of the Yishuv with the British to quell the revolt, some incidents towards the end of the conflict indicated a coming change in relations. On 12 June 1939, A British explosives expert was killed trying to defuse an Irgun bomb near a Jerusalem post office. On 26 August, two British police officers, Inspector Ronald Barker and Inspector Ralph Cairns, commander of the Jewish Department of the C.I.D., were killed by an Irgun mine in Jerusalem.In the final fifteen months of the revolt alone there were 936 murders and 351 attempted murders; 2,125 incidents of sniping; 472 bombs thrown and detonated; 364 cases of armed robbery; 1,453 cases of sabotage against government and commercial property; 323 people abducted; 72 cases of intimidation; 236 Jews killed by Arabs and 435 Arabs killed by Jews; 1,200 rebels killed by the police and military and 535 wounded.
東京都出身。東京都立戸山高等学校を経て、1974年一橋大学法学部を卒業し、厚生省入省。障害者・高齢者施策行政、少子化対策行政にたずさわる。2003年に内閣総務官就任。同年10月の衆議院解散の際には、閣議決定後、皇居に赴き、天皇から解散詔書に署名、押印を受け、裁可を得、その後総理大臣官邸で小泉純一郎総理大臣の副署を得、衆議院議長応接室で待機していた福田康夫内閣官房長官に解散詔書の伝達書を届けた。2005年の終戦の日に村山内閣総理大臣談話「戦後50周年の終戦記念日にあたって」以来10年ぶりに小泉内閣総理大臣の談話の発表がなされた際には、二橋正弘内閣官房副長官らとともに、事前の水面下での調整にあたった。2005年11月に皇室典範に関する有識者会議が女性・女系天皇を容認をする最終報告書を出したのを受けて内閣官房に設置された皇室典範改正準備室の室長に就任し、皇室典範改正案の準備にあたった。局長級の内閣府政策統括官を経て、2008年次官級の審議官である沖縄及び北方対策担当の内閣府審議官として沖縄政策等を担当した。2009年7月に退官し、同年8月29日付で社団法人国民健康保険中央会理事長に就任した。理事長就任の経緯は、次のようなものである。社団法人国民健康保険中央会理事長を務めていた多田宏（元厚生事務次官）が健康上の理由で任期途中で理事長を退任するため、2009年、社団法人国民健康保険中央会は官民人材交流センターに求人を出していた。一方、柴田も、官民人材交流センターに登録をしていた。その後官民人材交流センターのあっせんが行われ、同年8月28日に社団法人国民健康保険中央会の臨時理事総会が開催され、柴田が理事長に選任・選定された。国民健康保険中央会の歴代の理事長は旧厚生省出身の事務次官級ポスト経験者であり、柴田も厚生省出身の事務次官級ポスト経験者であった。しかし、第45回衆議院議員総選挙で与党となった民主党は「天下り」の全面禁止をマニフェストに掲げていた。そのため民主党政権前の「駆け込み天下り」と揶揄されたものの、舛添要一厚生労働大臣は、2009年9月1日の閣議後の記者会見において「基本的に空白をつくれないということでルーティンでやっている」と述べ、「駆け込み天下り」との見方については「誤解だ」と否定した。