In 1931, a Revisionist underground splinter group broke off from Haganah, calling itself the Irgun organisation (or Etzel). The organisation took its orders from Revisionist leader Ze'ev Jabotinsky who was at bitter loggerheads with the dominant Labour Zionist movement led by David Ben-Gurion. The rift between the two Zionist movements further deteriorated in 1933 when two Revisionists were blamed for the murder of Haim Arlosoroff, who had negotiated the Haavara Agreement between the Jewish Agency and Nazi Germany. The agreement brought 52,000 German Jews to Palestine between 1933 and 1939, and generated $30,000,000 for the then almost bankrupt Jewish Agency, but in addition to the difficulties with the Revisionists, who advocated a boycott of Germany, it caused the Yishuv to be isolated from the rest of world Jewry.Ultimately, however, the events of the Arab Revolt blurred the differences between the gradualist approach of Ben-Gurion and the Maximalist Iron Wall approach of Jabotinsky and turned militarist patriotism into a bipartisan philosophy. Indeed, Ben-Gurion's own Special Operations Squads conducted a punitive operation in the Arab village of Lubya firing weapons into a room through a window killing two men and one woman and injuring three people, including two children.From October 1937 the Irgun instituted a wave of bombings against Arab crowds and buses. For the first time in the conflict massive bombs were placed in crowded Arab public places, killing and maiming dozens. These attacks substantially increased Arab casualties and sowed terror among the population. The first attack was on 11 November 1937, killing two Arabs at the bus depot near Jaffa Street in Jerusalem and then on 14 November, a day later commemorated as the "Day of the Breaking of the Havlagah (restraint)," Arabs were killed in simultaneous attacks around Palestine. More deadly attacks followed: on 6 July 1938 21 Arabs were killed and 52 wounded by a bomb in a Haifa market; on 25 July a second market bomb in Haifa killed at least 39 Arabs and injured 70; a bomb in Jaffa's vegetable market on 26 August killed 24 Arabs and wounded 39. The attacks were condemned by the Jewish Agency.Ironically, the Arab leader Mohammad Amin al-Husayni and his associates also received funding from Fascist Italy during the revolt as the Italians were in dispute with the United Kingdom over Abyssinia and wished not only to disrupt the British rear but also to extend Italian influence in the region.
The Arab Revolt was the last major test of Britain's security services in the Middle East before World War II. The development and deployment of intelligence-led counterinsurgency strategies was integral to the restoration of British imperial control in Palestine as the revolt had demonstrated to the British authorities how a popular rebellion could undermine intelligence gathering operations and thereby impair their ability to predict and respond to inter-communal disorder. The rebellion had brought together urban nationalism and peasant economic grievances arising from rural poverty and landlessness, which was blamed on British misrule. Accordingly, the Palestinian revolt targeted the political and economic apparatus of the British colonial state, including the communications network, pipelines, police stations, army outposts and British personnel. It was this aspect of the revolt, rather than attacks on Jews or violence between rivals for leadership of the national movement, that most concerned the high commissioner. The mandate authorities were further disturbed by the unity of purpose displayed during the six-month general strike and by the resurgence of pan-Arab nationalism as evidenced by the rise of the Istiqlal Party.In response to these challenges the British army command ("I" Branch) and battalion headquarters across Palestine issued a daily intelligence bulletin every afternoon detailing political developments. Special Service Officers (SSOs) assigned to intelligence gathering reported directly to their local command headquarters and their cars were equipped with wireless transmitters so that high grade intelligence could be reported directly to "I" Branch immediately. These sources of intelligence gradually became more important than those of the C.I.D. in Palestine, which had been dependent on Arab informers, and which were no longer reliable.In September 1937, the Jewish Agency appointed Reuven Zaslany liaison officer for intelligence and security affairs between the Political Department of the Jewish Agency and the intelligence arms of the Royal Air Force and the C.I.D. Zaslany sifted through intelligence collected by Jewish-controlled field operatives and forwarded it to the British military. He was a frequent visitor at the headquarters of British intelligence and the army, the police and C.I.D. and he also travelled to Damascus to liaise with the Arab opposition's peace bands and with the British Consul in Iraq. Colonel Frederick Kisch, a British army officer and Zionist leader, was appointed chief liaison officer between the British army and the Jewish Agency Executive with Zaslany as his deputy. Zaslany also worked as interpreter for Patrick Domville, head of RAF Intelligence in Palestine (who was described by Haganah leader Dov Hos as the "best Zionist informer on the English"), until the latter was posted to Iraq in 1938, and through him became acquainted with many of the British intelligence officers.In 1937 the Jewish Agency's intelligence groups were responsible for bugging the Peel Commission hearings in Palestine. Eventually, the Arab Revolt convinced the Agency that a central intelligence service was required and this led to the formation of a counter-intelligence agency known as the Ran (headed by Yehuda Arazi, who also helped to smuggle rifles, machine guns and ammunition from Poland to Palestine) and thereafter in 1940 to the creation of SHAI, the forerunner of Mossad.
Farfetchは、1990年代半ばにシューズブランド「SWEAR」を立ち上げて以来、ファッション業界の立ち上げ事業に関わってきた、ポルトガル出身の起業家、José Neves（ジョゼ・ネヴェス）によって、2008年に創立された。2001年にネヴェスは、ファッションのライセンス事業と卸売事業とを兼ねた「B Store（ビー・ストア）」を設立、新進気鋭のブランドをブティック店舗へと販売する、ニッチな市場を開拓した。 B Storeブランドを展開していた頃、2007年のパリ・ファッション・ウィークを訪れたジョゼは、バーチャルブティックマーケットのアイデアを思いつく。デイリー・テレグラフ紙の2013年のインタビューで、独立した個別のファッションブティックには、オンラインで販売する場が必要であると認識した背景を、ネヴェスは詳しく語っている。『多くのブティックオーナーが訪れて私に打ち明けてくれたことは、実に驚くべきことでした。業績は下がり続け、これ以上地元の顧客に頼ることができないのは明らかでしたが、オンラインショップを立ち上げられるような経験が彼らにはありませんでした。素晴らしいテイストを持ちながら、冒険をする余裕がなかったのです』。ネヴェスがFarfetchウェブサイトを立ち上げたのは、中小の独立したブティックが実店舗で、その店独自のアイデンティティを保持しつつ、業界で勝ち残っていけるようにするためだった。2013年のエコノミスト紙の記事でもこの点について触れている。『Farfetchは実店舗にこだわり、個々のブティックが独自のアイデンティティを確保しつつ、市場での地位を向上させるような場を提供した』。まず、2010年7月に投資会社Advent Venture Partnersから、450万ドルを出資を取り付け、ブラジル、北米、ヨーロッパの市場を拡大。これに続き、同社およびIndex Ventures、eVenture Capital Partnersから、合計1800万ドルの出資を受けた。2013年3月には、さらなる2000万ドルの出資が、世界的な出版メディア会社であるCondé Nast Internationalから発表され、2014年の5月にも同社を含む数社から再出資を受けて、合計6600万ドルもの投資が実現した。ビジネスの鍵となる画期的な節目は2015年3月、Farfetchがソフトウェア会社のDST Global率いる投資家グループから、さらに8600万ドルの出資を受けた時に訪れた。その後のシリーズEの投資ラウンドでは、Advent Ventures PartnersやCondé Nast International、Index Ventures、Novel TMT、eVentures、Vitruvian Partnersなどによる投資額が、1億9500万ドル以上にも及んだ。これを受けて、Farfetchは2015年5月に、ロンドンを拠点とする著名高級ブティック、Brownsの買収を発表。同年、週刊誌のPrivate Eyeは、Farfetchがいわゆるユニコーン企業に成長したと綴った。