sentence: Photo editing is done for many reasons.

sentences_before: Photo editing' is the changing of images.

sentences_before: Some types of editing, such as airbrushing, are done by hand and others are done using photo editing programs like Photoshop and Microsoft Paint.

sentences_after: This is usually called 'retouching', 'airbrushing' or 'Photoshopping', even if Photoshop is not used to edit the photo.

sentences_after: Photo editing is also used to make completely new images.

sentences_after: Photo editing is sometimes called photo manipulation, usually when it is used to trick people.

concept_name: photo editing


repository: local

sentence: Head crashes make sounds.

sentences_before: However, if dirt and debris get into the drive, they can cause the disks to crash.

sentences_before: The crash itself then sends more debris which can make things worse.

sentences_before: It is important to back up files before a head crash.

sentences_after: Hard drive failures can also be caused by bearings, parts found in the drive motor.

concept_name: head crash


sentence: Some nature writers believe wilderness areas are vital for the human spirit and creativity.

sentences_before: Wilderness is deeply valued for cultural, spiritual, moral, and aesthetic reasons.

number: some

concept_name: nature writer


sentence: Conservation laws are helpful for people when they do problems in Physics.

headings:
Conservation law
Purpose

sentences_after: This is because if they know that a thing is conserved, it gives them more mathematical information about the thing they are doing the problem about.

concept_name: conservation law


sentence: Conservation laws can come in two types, global, or local.

headings:
Conservation law
Types of Conservation laws


sentence: Some people appear to have broken bones.

sentences_before: The picture on the front of the album has many mistakes in it.

sentences_after: Others look like they are standing on top of people or animals.

concept_name: people


sentence: Japan changes emperors.

concept_name: Japan


sentence: Some people call it the novel that began the popularity of paperback books.

headings:
James Hilton
Novels

sentences_before: Hilton became a success writer when he was still young.

sentences_before: He published his first novel, 'Catherine Herself,' when he was 20 years old.

sentences_before: Several of his books were international bestsellers.

sentences_before: Some successful films were made based on his novels.

sentences_before: Many copies of 'Lost Horizon' were sold in the 1930s as one of the first Pocket Books.


sentence: Players can get coins for launching rockets.

headings:
Rocket Mania
Gameplay

sentences_before: The player rotates fuses to launch rockets.

sentences_before: Multiple rockets can be launched because the fuses have junctions.

sentences_after: The player goes through different ranks by earning points.

sentences_after: Combos can also happen if a fuse launches and then falls.

concept_name: player


sentence: Some students say they actually went to the party.

headings:
Fred Figglehorn
Movies
FЯED: The Movie

sentences_before: He is bullied by her guests for his poor social status at school and strange personality.

sentences_before: After vomiting on Judy's party dress, Fred leaves the house.

sentences_before: He is angry to find that Kevin has posted a video of him vomiting on Judy online, so he decides to throw a party of his own and not invite anybody to get revenge.

sentences_before: In order to trick others into believing that he has had a spectacular house party, Fred invites Bertha to his house where they dress up mannequins in different outfits and play around.

sentences_before: After Fred edits the video of the fake party, he posts it on the internet, where his schoolmates watch it and believe that Fred and Bertha actually had a really good party.

sentences_after: Soon, Judy visits Fred's house and asks if the two may sing together, and Fred accepts the request.

concept_name: student


sentence: Degeneracy results from symmetry in the system.

headings:
Particle in a box
Higher-dimensional boxes

sentences_before: This situation is called 'degeneracy' and for the case where exactly two degenerate wavefunctions have the same energy that energy level is said to be 'doubly degenerate'.

concept_name: degeneracy


sentence: Canadian soldier poses with boys in Vladivostok.

headings:
Siberian Intervention
Active countries
Canada

concept_name: canadian soldier


sentence: Gigabit ethernet uses four wires for transmission.

sentences_before: In telecommunications, 'Baud' is the unit to measure the symbol rate.

sentences_before: If one symbol can be transmitted per second, this is equal to one Baud.

sentences_before: As an example, gigabit ethernet has a symbol rate of 125MBd.

sentences_before: Gigabit ethernet uses pulse-amplitude modulation and can transmit two bits of payload data per symbol.

concept_name: gigabit ethernet


sentence: Periodic acid is found as a colorless solution.

headings:
Periodic acid
Properties

sentences_after: It is a strong oxidizing agent, like perchloric acid.

sentences_after: It breaks down when heated to iodine pentoxide and oxygen, as well as water.

sentences_after: It is found as HIO4 in dilute solution and H5IO6 in concentrated solution.

sentences_after: When H5IO6 is heated, it turns into HIO4.

concept_name: periodic acid


sentence: Hypoiodous acid is very unstable.

headings:
Hypoiodous acid
Properties

sentences_after: It easily disproportionates to iodine and iodic acid.

sentences_after: It is a disinfectant and oxidizing agent.

concept_name: hypoiodous acid


sentence: Silver iodate' is a chemical compound.

sentences_after:
Its chemical formula is AgIO3.
It has silver and iodate ions in it.

concept_name: silver


sentence: Iodine pentoxide is a white solid.

headings:
Iodine pentoxide
Properties

sentences_after: It breaks down to iodine and oxygen when heated.

sentences_after: It reacts with carbon monoxide to make carbon dioxide and iodine.

sentences_after: It reacts with water to make iodic acid.

concept_name: iodine pentoxide


sentence: Iodine pentoxide is made by heating iodic acid to  in dry air.

headings:
Iodine pentoxide
Preparation


sentence: Welded tuff is a pyroclastic flow of lava which was hot enough to weld together.

headings:
Tuff
Welded tuff

concept_name: welded tuff


sentence: Basaltic tuffs are occur widely.

headings:
Tuff
Basaltic tuffs

concept_name: basaltic tuff


sentence: Basaltic tuffs are black, dark green or red in colour.

sentences_after: Often submarine, they may contain shale, sandstone, grit and other sedimentary material, and are occasionally fossiliferous.

sentences_after: Recent basaltic tuffs are found in Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Jan Mayen, Sicily, Sandwich Islands, Samoa, etc.


sentence: Many karst regions display distinctive surface features, with sinkholes being the most common.

sentences_after: Some karst regions include thousands of caves, and the water is generally underground.

number: many

concept_name: karst region


sentence: People make leavened bread in Egypt.

concept_name: People


sentence: Mesons are hadrons, which simply means that they are made of quarks.

headings:
Meson
Mesons' spin

sentences_after: Since quarks have different fractional charges, mesons can have a charge.

sentences_after: However, the charges of the quarks may cancel out, forming an uncharged meson.

sentences_after: The rest of the hadron family are known as baryons, which are made of three quarks.

sentences_after: Particles with an integer spin are called bosons, which obey Bose-Einstein Statistics.

sentences_after: This means that more than one boson can actually be in the same point in space at the same time.

concept_name: meson


sentence: People use various length grove suiting their dress.

headings:
Wedding dress
Decoration

sentences_before: The veil is the most popular decoration.

sentences_before: It is used for covering the face or head of women.

sentences_after: A woman usually carries a small bunch of flowers, called a bouquet.


sentence: Mineral waters are very clean and have no germs in it.

sentences_before: Mineral water' is water obtained from rocks.

sentences_before: It is often collected from springs or from underground rivers when they emerge from the rocks.

sentences_after: Because they have been held in rocks for a long time they often contain chemicals that have come from the rocks.

sentences_after: This chemicals can give the water an interesting taste.

sentences_after: Some mineral waters may be good for health.

sentences_after: Because some underground water comes to the surface from very deep layers in the earth, it can also have carbon dioxide gas dissolved in it.

concept_name: mineral water


sentence: Irish people have a strong culture and many beliefs.

sentences_before: In Northern Ireland, there have been violent fights between the Unionists, who claim to be British and are mainly Protestant, and the Nationalists, who claim to be Irish and are mainly Catholic.

concept_name: irish people


sentence: Large objects are removed using screens.

sentences_after: The sewage then flows through a tank so sand can fall out.

sentences_after: Large objects and sand might damage machines in later stages.

concept_name: large object


sentence: Sewage stays in a 'first' tank until solids fall to the bottom.

sentences_before: Fats and solids are removed in the most important stage.

sentences_after: Fat and solids stay when the water leaves.

concept_name: sewage


sentence: Some works have rocks or pieces of plastic for the bacteria to grow on.

sentences_before: Cleaning bacteria may live in a small pond in simple works with enough land to build a pond.

sentences_before: Larger works use machines to help the bacteria find the chemicals.

sentences_after: Water is pumped over the rocks or plastic.

concept_name: work


sentence: Water is pumped over the rocks or plastic.

sentences_before: Some works have rocks or pieces of plastic for the bacteria to grow on.

concept_name: water


sentence: Sewage is mostly water but it also has many microbes some of which can be harmful.

sentences_after: It can have many chemicals in it which can also cause harm to animals and humans.


sentence: Membership is open to anyone who is interested in freshwater science.

sentences_after: The Association's main offices are in Far Sawrey, on the banks of Windermere in Cumbria.

concept_name: membership


sentence: Tincture of iodine has about equal amounts of iodide and iodine.

sentences_before: It has iodine and potassium iodide dissolved in ethanol and water.

sentences_before: Normally, iodine does not dissolve in water.

sentences_before: But when iodide is added, the iodine can dissolve.

concept_name: tincture of iodine


sentence: Halophiles live in evaporation ponds or salt lakes such as Great Salt Lake, Owens Lake, or Dead Sea.

sentences_before: Halophiles' are organisms that need salt in their environment to live.

concept_name: halophile


sentence: Halophiles are categorized by the levels of salt at which they grow best.

headings: Halophile Categorization

sentences_after: Halophiles can either be categorized as slight halophiles, moderate halophiles, or extreme halophiles.

sentences_after: An example of a slight halophile is 'Erythrobacter flavus'.

sentences_after: Slight halophiles live in mud on the ocean floor, in seawater, and in garden soil.


sentence: Slight halophiles live in mud on the ocean floor, in seawater, and in garden soil.

sentences_before: Halophiles are categorized by the levels of salt at which they grow best.

sentences_before: Halophiles can either be categorized as slight halophiles, moderate halophiles, or extreme halophiles.

sentences_before: An example of a slight halophile is 'Erythrobacter flavus'.

concept_name: slight halophile


sentence: Halophiles play an important part in ecosystems.

headings:
Halophile
Importance and uses
In nature

sentences_after: For example, halophiles often support entire populations of wild birds.


sentence: Halophiles are useful for cleaning up polluted environments.

sentences_after: This could lead to future use in cleaning up oil spills.


sentence: Halophiles play an important part in the fermentation of some foods.

headings:
Halophile
Importance and uses
In fermentation

sentences_after: For instance, halophiles ferment soy and fish sauces.


sentence: Halophiles also ferment salted fish.

sentences_before: Halophiles play an important part in the fermentation of some foods.

sentences_before: For instance, halophiles ferment soy and fish sauces.


sentence: Halophilic microorganisms are useful in biotechnology.

headings:
Halophile
Importance and uses
In biotechnology

sentences_after: The compounds that certain halophiles make are valuable.

sentences_after: Some of these compounds are not found anywhere else in the living world.

sentences_after: The salt-tolerant enzymes that halophiles produce can be used in a variety of ways.

sentences_after: For example, these enzymes could be used for rough industrial processes, like food processing.

concept_name: halophilic microorganism


sentence: Some moderate halophiles produce sugars outside the cell.

sentences_after: These sugars can be used as thickeners and emulsifiers in the petroleum and medicine industries.

concept_name: moderate halophile


sentence: Few organisms can survive in such highly saline conditions as salt evaporation ponds.

sentences_before: Dunaliella salina' is used in cosmetics and dietary supplements.

sentences_after: To survive, these organisms have high concentrations of beta-carotene to protect against light, and high concentrations of glycerol to provide protection against osmotic pressure.

sentences_after: This offers an opportunity for commercial biological production of these substances.

concept_name: few organism


sentence: Blackbirds are easy to find in gardens all over Europe and in Asia, South of the Arctic Circle.

headings: Blackbird Appearance

sentences_before: Juveniles and females are brown, and less easy to see.

sentences_after: On average, Blackbirds live to be 2.4 years old, but some have been found to be 20 years old.

concept_name: blackbird


sentence: Eras are subunits of Eons.

concept_name: era


sentence: Lifeboats are required by law to be on larger ships.

sentences_before: A 'lifeboat', also known as a 'liferaft', is a small, stiff or inflatable boat carried for emergencies in the event of a disaster on a ship.

concept_name: lifeboat


sentence: Sweat needs energy to turn from a liquid into a gas and evaporate.

headings: Thermoregulation Endotherms Humans

sentences_before: The human body has automatic responses to help regulate temperature.

sentences_before: This increases blood flow to the surface of the skin where its heat can more easily radiate away.

sentences_before: Sweat glands also produce greater amounts of sweat.

sentences_before: This liquid is secreted onto the surface of the skin.

sentences_after: This energy is called the latent heat of vaporisation.

sentences_after: The body supplies this heat and so it cools down as the sweat evaporates.

concept_name: sweat


sentence: Some insects control their temperature, especially colonial insects.

headings: Thermoregulation Ectotherms

sentences_before: Many supposedly cold-blooded animals do things to keep their temperature higher than the surrounding air or water.

sentences_before: Fast-moving fish, like tunny, and some sharks, keep their temperature above the level of the surrounding water.

sentences_before: Reptiles such as lizards and snakes sit in the sun when they are cold and in the shade when they are hot.

sentences_after: Honey bees fan their wings to cool their colony.

sentences_after: However, many smaller invertebrates do not control their body temperature at all.

concept_name: insect


sentence: Honey bees fan their wings to cool their colony.

sentences_before: Some insects control their temperature, especially colonial insects.

concept_name: honey bee


sentence: Baryons are part of a larger collection of subatomic compounds called Hadrons.

sentences_after: Hadrons are simply particles made of quarks.

sentences_after: The other type of Hadron is called a meson.

concept_name: baryon


sentence: Hadrons are simply particles made of quarks.

sentences_before: Baryons are part of a larger collection of subatomic compounds called Hadrons.

concept_name: hadron


sentence: People visit the beach from all over South Korea, as well as outside of Korea.

sentences_before: Dongbaek Island, at the south end of the beach, has a view of the sea by car and its coastline is famous for fishing.

sentences_before: Oryuk Islets, a symbol of Busan to many Koreans, can be seen in the distance from Dongbaek Island.

sentences_before: During the hot summer months, Haeundae beach becomes very crowded with thousands of people and parasols.

concept_name: People


sentence: Address can also mean public speaking.

sentences_before: This article is about the kind of address that you find or communicate with someone through.

concept_name: address


sentence: Listening stations offers students CDs that they can listen to improve their listening.

headings: Kanda University of International Studies

sentences_before: In TV and DVD Area, students can watch movies which they borrowed from SALC counter.

sentences_before: There are also listening stations and speaking booths to help students to improve their listening and speaking skills.

sentences_before: Speaking booths have recorders so students can record their speaking and check it by themselves.

concept_name: listening station


sentence: Students can research books and materials easily by using computers.

concept_name: student


sentence: Computer rooms are available for use computers and printer if the rooms has any vacancies.

concept_name: computer room


sentence: Students can eat foods,and some dessert.


sentence: Protons are known as baryons, which means that they are made of exactly three quarks.

sentences_before: Simple particles like protons are actually composites of multiple quarks.

sentences_after: Baryons are in a family called Hadrons, which simply means that they are made of quarks.

sentences_after: The only other subcategory of Hadrons is Mesons, which are made of one quark and one antiquark.

concept_name: proton


sentence: Baryons are in a family called Hadrons, which simply means that they are made of quarks.

sentences_before: Protons are known as baryons, which means that they are made of exactly three quarks.


sentence: Students enter community colleges to pursue their academics or receive a better job training.

headings:
Community college
Students

sentences_after: After graduating from a community college, some choose to transfer to a four-year university.


sentence: China has much foreign direct investment in it from other countries.

sentences_before: Foreign direct investment' is the participation of one country's resources in another country's business.

sentences_before: Many times people and technology are transferred between the two countries.

sentences_after: The United States is also a leader in foreign direct investment.

concept_name: China


sentence: Light can have a lot of energy and is able to break chemical bonds.

sentences_before: Photocatalysis' is using light as a catalyst to increase the rate of a photoreaction.

sentences_before: Most known photoreactions begin when light creates a free radical in the reaction system.

sentences_after: For example some things fade or lose their color when left in sunlight.

sentences_after: When light breaks the chemical bonds, free radicals are produced.

sentences_after: A free radical is a molecule, atom or an ion that needs an electron.

sentences_after: The free radical will take electrons from other molecules or atoms and this starts chemical reactions.

concept_name: light


sentence: Photosynthesis is the process that plants use to make sugar for food.

headings:
Photocatalysis
Research and Uses

sentences_before: An example of organometallic research is mimicking photosynthesis.

sentences_after: Plants use only carbon dioxide gas from the air, water and sunlight.

sentences_after: Plants actually have an organometallic molecule containing Mn that helps them perform this reaction.

sentences_after: Scientists hope to make an organometallic molecule that can make organic products like fuels using only carbon dioxide, water and light.

sentences_after: If this process could be harnessed it could dramatically reduce pollution, because the carbon you make your fuel with is the carbon dioxide from the air.

concept_name: photosynthesis


sentence: Plants use only carbon dioxide gas from the air, water and sunlight.

sentences_before: Photosynthesis is the process that plants use to make sugar for food.

concept_name: plant


sentence: Electromagnets are used for a variety of purposes.

sentences_before: They are magnets that are only magnetic when there is a coil of wire with electricity running through it.

sentences_before: The strength of the magnet is proportional to the current flowing in the circuit.

sentences_before: The electricity running through the wire is called a current.

sentences_before: The current is the flow of electrons, which are negatively charged particles.

sentences_after: In a simple example, an electromagnet can pick up pieces of iron, nickel, and cobalt.

concept_name: electromagnet


sentence: Iron stops being an electromagnet very quickly, but steel takes time to wear off.

sentences_after: To make an electromagnet, copper wire is wound around a steel rod.

concept_name: iron


sentence: Electromagnets are used in everyday items such as burglar alarms, electric relays and fire bells.

sentences_after: Their ability to change from the state of non-magnetic to magnetic just by passing an electric current through it allows it to be used in many different items.


sentence: Typhoons are rare, as Palau is outside the main typhoon zone.

headings: Palau Climate

concept_name: typhoon


sentence: Many island nations get money from fishing.

concept_name: island nation


sentence: Notability means to be noted.

headings: Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2010/Michael Kühntopf

concept_name: notability


sentence: Part goes up, and part goes down.

headings:
Basin (geology)
Causes

sentences_after: The downward part becomes a 'foreland basin'.

concept_name: part


sentence: Black lines show some of the major faults that created the valley.

headings:
Basin (geology)
Causes
Death Valley example

concept_name: black line


sentence: Field has osteoporosis.

headings:
Sally Field
Personal life

sentences_after: She has become a vocal advocate for women's health issues, encouraging early diagnosis of such conditions through technology, such as bone density scans.

concept_name: field


sentence: W bosons are named after the weak force that they are responsible for.

headings:
W and Z bosons
Naming

sentences_after: The naming of the Z boson is still uncertain, although it is believed to have been the last particle on a list that a lab that named it was looking for.

sentences_after: Weak force is what physicists believe is responsible for the breaking down of some radioactive elements, in the form of Beta decay.

sentences_after: In the late '70s, scientists managed to combine weak force and electromagnetism, and called it the electroweak force.

concept_name: w boson


sentence: Beta decay occurs when there are a lot of neutrons in an atom.

headings:
W and Z bosons
Creation of W and Z bosons
Beta Decay

sentences_after: An easy way to think of a neutron is that it is made of one proton and one electron.

sentences_after: When there are too many neutrons in one atom nucleus, one neutron will split and form a proton and an electron.

sentences_after: The proton will stay where it is, and the electron will be launched out of the atom at incredible speed.

sentences_after: This is why Beta radiation is harmful to humans.

concept_name: beta decay


sentence: Weak force is believed to be able to change the flavour of a quark.

concept_name: weak force


sentence: Mesons are a family of composite particles which are made of one quark and one antiquark.

concept_name: meson


sentence: Scuba diving is popular because of the many different kinds of life living in the water.

headings:
Komodo National Park
People living in the park and tourism

sentences_before: About 4,000 people live within the park.

concept_name: scuba diving


sentence: Fishermen living in the area say the park management killed the fishermen on purpose.

sentences_before: However, several fishermen died since the 1980s.

sentences_before: People disagree about what happened to them.

sentences_before: Park patrol and military said they needed to protect themselves.

concept_name: fisherman


sentence: Strangeness is basically a resistance to decay against strong force and electromagnetism.

sentences_before: Three strange quarks together form a particle called an Omega baryon'Strange quarks' are the third lightest quarks, which are subatomic particles that are so small, they are believed to not be able to be divided.

sentences_after: It was believed that this was a 'strange' method of decay, which is why the scientists gave the particles that name.

concept_name: strangeness


sentence: Charm quarks' or 'c quarks' are the third most massive of the six quarks.

sentences_after: Like all quarks, they are thought to be so small that they can not be divided.

concept_name: charm


sentence: Web applications are popular because most computer operating systems have web browsers.

sentences_after: Programmers can easily change a web application.

sentences_after: Users do not need to install any new software to see these changes.

concept_name: web application


sentence: Programmers can easily change a web application.

sentences_before: Web applications are popular because most computer operating systems have web browsers.

concept_name: programmer


sentence: Traditional applications continue to work.

headings:
Web application
Benefits and drawbacks
Drawbacks

sentences_before: Many applications are dependent on the server that hosts them.

sentences_before: When the server is switched off, or the company goes bust, the application is no longer usable.

concept_name: traditional application


sentence: All quarks are elementary particles.

sentences_after: Although bottom quarks are not very common, they are found in particles such as B mesons, among others.

number: all

concept_name: quark


sentence: Strange quarks have a property known as strangeness.

sentences_before: Hyperons' are particles that are made of quarks.

concept_name: strange quark


sentence: Pseudopods can also capture prey by phagocytosis.

sentences_after: Pseudopedia are used by some cells to move around.

sentences_after: They can detect food and place it inside the cell.

sentences_after: The human white blood cell uses this way to get around.

concept_name: pseudopod


sentence: Some people think it is a very wide plain of dark material.

sentences_before: The place is named after Shangri-La, the imaginary valley in Tibet.

sentences_after: These broad, dark areas of Titan may have been seas, but now they are dry.

concept_name: people


sentence: Teeter is a girl and Totter is a boy.

headings:
Suzy Spafford
'Suzy's Zoo'
Characters

sentences_after: They are always together when they play in the backyard.

concept_name: teeter


sentence: People playing fantasy football can trade players from one team to another.

sentences_after: Fantasy football has become very popular as it can be played on the Internet.

concept_name: People


sentence: People go to the shrine to play the growth of their children.

headings: Shichi-Go-San Custom

sentences_before: On this special day, children wear kimono and they are given chitose-ame.

sentences_before: Chitose-ame is a long red and white candy.

sentences_before: This candy means children can grow well.

sentences_after: Also, people sometimes take some pictures to the memory of children.


sentence: Muscles are attached to the top of the fibula which help move the knee.

sentences_after: It is also used to support the knee and the tibia.

concept_name: muscle


sentence: Composition is a way to make a new arrow out of two arrows.

sentences_after: If two arrows form an elbow shape, then they have a composition arrow from the start of the first to the end of the second.

sentences_after: Composition obeys some axioms, or equations.

concept_name: composition


sentence: Composition obeys some axioms, or equations.

sentences_before: Composition is a way to make a new arrow out of two arrows.

sentences_before: If two arrows form an elbow shape, then they have a composition arrow from the start of the first to the end of the second.


sentence: Some flame retardants are minerals or inorganic compounds like antimony trioxide or asbestos.

sentences_before: A 'flame retardant' is a chemical substance that makes things harder to burn.

sentences_after: Other flame retardants are special types of plastics and polymers.

sentences_after: There are several ways flame retardants work.

sentences_after: Some absorb heat when they are heated, stopping the thing from igniting.

sentences_after: Others stop the heat from the fire from going into the thing.

sentences_after: Flame retardants are used in textiles and bedding to prevent them from burning easily.

concept_name: flame retardant


sentence: Some solders have a flux core, where the flux is inside the solder.

sentences_before: Many times when a metal is being soldered, it oxidizes, making a layer of metal oxide that does not hold solder.

sentences_before: Flux is added to react with the metal oxide and turn it back into the metal again.

sentences_before: That helps the solder connect to the metal.

sentences_before: Some electronics makers use fluxes that can be washed away with water.

concept_name: solder


sentence: Zinc antimonide is a gray solid.

headings:
Zinc antimonide
Properties

sentences_after: Its properties are between an alloy and a salt.

concept_name: zinc


sentence: Antimony trichloride is a white or pale yellow solid.

headings:
Antimony trichloride
Properties

sentences_after: It has a strong odor and absorbs water from the air.

sentences_after: It reacts with water to make antimony trioxide and hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride.

concept_name: antimony trichloride


sentence: Antimony trioxide is a white solid.

headings:
Antimony trioxide
Properties

sentences_after: It is the most common antimony compound.

sentences_after: It reacts with oxidizing agents to make antimony pentoxide and with reducing agents to make antimony or stibine.

concept_name: antimony trioxide


sentence: Antimony trioxide is found in two minerals, valentinite and senarmontite.

headings:
Antimony trioxide
Occurrence

sentences_after: Valentinite is a white mineral that is sometimes pale yellow.


sentence: Antimony trioxide is made when antimony is made.

headings:
Antimony trioxide
Preparation

sentences_after: Stibnite is heated with air to make antimony trioxide.

sentences_after: It is separated from arsenic by the boiling of the arsenic trioxide before the antimony trioxide boils.

sentences_after: Antimony trioxide can also be made by a two step process.

sentences_after: Stibnite is burned in air with calcium chloride to make calcium sulfate and antimony trichloride, which is reacted with water to make antimony trioxide.


sentence: Antimony trioxide is somewhat carcinogenic.

headings:
Antimony trioxide
Safety

sentences_after: It is somewhat toxic when eaten or breathed in.


sentence: Antimony tetroxide is a white solid.

headings:
Antimony tetroxide
Properties

sentences_after: It turns yellow when heated and turns white again when cooled.

concept_name: antimony tetroxide


sentence: Antimony tetroxide is found as the mineral cervantite.

headings:
Antimony tetroxide
Occurrence and preparation

sentences_after: It is made by heating antimony trioxide with air, burning antimony in air, or heated antimony pentoxide strongly.


sentence: Antimony pentoxide is used in fire retardants and the making of titanium dioxide.

headings:
Antimony pentoxide
Uses

concept_name: antimony pentoxide


sentence: Some people write codes as a kind of game.

sentences_after: They think it is fun to make codes, and fun to break codes.

sentences_after: Breaking a code is called cryptanalysis.

sentences_after: It means taking it apart to understand how it works, and then you can understand messages that are written in that code.


sentence: Ionic arsenides are very basic and are strong reducing agents.

sentences_before: Most arsenides have arsenic in its -3 oxidation state.

sentences_after: Most arsenides are more metallic, like zinc arsenide.

sentences_after: Arsenides react with acids to make arsine gas.

concept_name: ionic arsenide


sentence: Most arsenides are more metallic, like zinc arsenide.

sentences_before: Ionic arsenides are very basic and are strong reducing agents.

number: Most

concept_name: arsenide


sentence: Arsenides react with acids to make arsine gas.

sentences_before: Most arsenides are more metallic, like zinc arsenide.


sentence: Arsine reacts violently with oxidizing agents, such as the halogens.

headings: Arsine Properties

sentences_before: It easily burns to make arsenic trioxide in excess air or arsenic in small amounts of air.

sentences_before: It breaks down to arsenic and hydrogen when heated.

concept_name: arsine


sentence: Gallium arsenide is a gray solid.

headings:
Gallium arsenide
Properties

sentences_after: It reacts slowly with water and quickly with acids to make arsine.

concept_name: gallium arsenide


sentence: Zinc arsenide is a gray solid.

sentences_after: It reacts with acids to make arsine gas.

sentences_after: It is made by heating arsenic with zinc.

concept_name: zinc arsenide


sentence: Arsenic trichloride is a colorless or yellowish liquid.

headings:
Arsenic trichloride
Properties

sentences_after: It reacts with water, similar to phosphorus trichloride, to make arsenous acid and hydrochloric acid.

concept_name: arsenic trichloride


sentence: Arsenic trioxide is a white solid.

headings:
Arsenic trioxide
Properties

sentences_after: It dissolves in water to make an acidic solution of arsenious acid.

sentences_after: It dissolves easily in bases to make arsenites.

sentences_after: It reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid to make arsenic trichloride.

sentences_after: It reacts with very strong oxidizing agents to make arsenic pentoxide.

sentences_after: It reacts with reducing agents to make arsenic or arsine.

concept_name: arsenic trioxide


sentence: Arsenic trioxide is used to fight cancer.

headings:
Arsenic trioxide
Uses


sentence: Arsenic trioxide is highly toxic when eaten.

headings:
Arsenic trioxide
Safety

sentences_after: It also can be toxic if on the skin for long amounts of time.

sentences_after: It affects the digestive system when eaten.

sentences_after: Workers exposed to arsenic trioxide fumes in their job can be poisoned as well.


sentence: Arsenous acid is a colorless solution.

headings:
Arsenous acid
Properties

sentences_after: It reacts with bases to make arsenite salts.

sentences_after: It cannot be made in a crystalline form because it turns into arsenic trioxide and water again.

sentences_after: It is similar to phosphorous acid, although it is not a strong reducing agent.

concept_name: arsenous acid


sentence: Arsenic pentoxide is a white, odourless solid.

headings:
Arsenic pentoxide
Properties

sentences_after: It dissolves easily in water to make arsenic acid.

sentences_after: It is highly toxic, as are almost all arsenic compounds.

sentences_after: It reacts with hydrochloric acid to make chlorine.

concept_name: arsenic pentoxide


sentence: Arsenic pentoxide is used to make pesticides and insecticides.

headings:
Arsenic pentoxide
Uses


sentence: Arsenates are salts of arsenic acid.

sentences_after: Sometimes, not all of the protons are taken away from the arsenic acid and then hydrogen arsenate salts are formed.

sentences_after: Arsenate can replace phosphate in the cells but it does not work like phosphate does.

sentences_after: The cell dies, and that is why arsenates are toxic.

sentences_after: Some bacteria can use arsenate instead of phosphate, though.

concept_name: arsenate


sentence: Some bacteria can use arsenate instead of phosphate, though.

sentences_before: Sometimes, not all of the protons are taken away from the arsenic acid and then hydrogen arsenate salts are formed.

sentences_before: Arsenate can replace phosphate in the cells but it does not work like phosphate does.

sentences_before: The cell dies, and that is why arsenates are toxic.

concept_name: bacteria


sentence: Arsenic acid is a colorless solid.

headings:
Arsenic acid
Properties

sentences_after: It can be deprotonated three times, making various arsenates.

sentences_after: Arsenic acid reacts with iodide to make iodine.

concept_name: arsenic acid


sentence: Arsenic acid reacts with iodide to make iodine.

sentences_before: It can be deprotonated three times, making various arsenates.


sentence: Arsenic acid is used in the making of some dyes and organic arsenic compounds.

headings:
Arsenic acid
Uses


sentence: Brecciated marble can have a marvellous appearance.

headings: Breccia Ornament

sentences_after: The Pantheon in Rome is full of the most wonderful marble, many of which are breccias.

concept_name: brecciated marble


sentence: Potassium arsenate is a white solid.

headings:
Potassium arsenate
Properties

sentences_after:
It dissolves easily in water.
It is an oxidizing agent.
It is carcinogenic and highly toxic.

concept_name: potassium arsenate


sentence: Potassium arsenate is made by reacting amounts of potassium hydroxide with arsenic acid.

headings:
Potassium arsenate
Preparation and uses

sentences_after: The amount of potassium hydroxide can be changed to make the different chemical formulas.

sentences_after: Potassium arsenate was once used for medicine but is too toxic to be used now.


sentence: Antiseptics make it less likely a wound gets infected.

sentences_before: An 'Antiseptic' is a substance that is applied to lesions of the skin.

sentences_after: Commonly used antiseptics include alcohol, iodine and mercury compounds.

concept_name: antiseptic


sentence: Cadmium oxide can be a colorless powder, brown powder, or red-brown crystals.

headings:
Cadmium oxide
Properties

sentences_after: It is similar in some ways to zinc oxide.

concept_name: cadmium oxide


sentence: All forms dissolve in acid.

sentences_before: Cadmium oxide can be a colorless powder, brown powder, or red-brown crystals.

concept_name: form


sentence: Players get points by hitting the right notes at the right time.

sentences_before: Rock Band 2' is an interactive music game by Harmonix.

sentences_before: To play the game, players use a microphone to sing or a controller to hit notes on the screen.

sentences_after: Earning points can help a player earn stars, which show how well a player performed the song.

sentences_after: If a player misses too many notes or hits too many of the wrong notes, they fail out of the song.

sentences_after: It has a quickplay mode and a world tour mode.

concept_name: player


sentence: Players can choose one of four skill levels to play.

sentences_before: In quickplay mode, players choose songs from a list to play.

sentences_before: Rock Band 2 also has a practice mode, where players can play a song without failing out of it.

sentences_after: The skill levels are Easy, Medium, Hard, and Expert.

sentences_after: The songs in Rock Band 2 are sorted by how hard they are to play.

sentences_after: Zero dots means the song is one of the easiest to play, and five red dots means that the song is one of the hardest.


sentence: Animism is the personification of natural forces as gods.

headings:
Chinese mythology
Gods
Creators

concept_name: animism


sentence: Cars are banned from the big pedestrian zone which has plenty of shops.

sentences_before: Remagen' is a town in Germany in Rhineland-Palatinate, in the district of Ahrweiler.

sentences_before: It is about a one hour drive from Cologne , just south of Bonn, the former capital of West Germany.

sentences_before: Remagen has many historic buildings, churches, castles and monuments.

concept_name: car


sentence: Walkers reach the church via a dirt track that passes a series of roadside monuments.

sentences_before: Overlooking the west bank of the Rhine just north of the city centre is a church called the 'Apollinariskirche'.

sentences_before: It has an observation deck that is only open to parishioners on Sundays.

sentences_after: One for each of the fourteen Stations of the Cross.

sentences_after: The church grounds contain an outdoor crypt and an abbey.

sentences_after: Further down the river is one of the many castles along the River Rhine, perched even higher than the Apollinariskirche.

concept_name: walker


sentence: Waves travel over the surface of water in a pond, through the air in a room, etc.

sentences_before: Luminiferous aether' is something once believed to fill the Universe and explain how the transmission of waves of light can happen.

sentences_before: People believed that light was a kind of wave.

sentences_after: All waves that people had studied before had traveled through something.

sentences_after: Sound waves traveled faster through steel than through air.

sentences_after: So people imagined that light had to travel through something too.

sentences_after: But at the same time this substance would have to be entirely yielding so that it would not slow down the movements of planets and cause them to eventually fall into their suns.

concept_name: wave


sentence: Red spaceship moves from yellow star toward blue star.

sentences_after: Inset at bottom shows speed meters for light from both stars.

concept_name: red spaceship


sentence: Lets just make sure the mineral page here is updated and is correct.

headings:
Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 90
DYK Oooops

sentences_before: Pretty much it tells why most sources are now outdated, including Britannica.

sentences_before: So by the newest definition, mercury is an exception to the rule.

concept_name: let


sentence: Winter is so cold, yet brings such sweet holidays.

headings:
Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 90
Merry Christmas!

concept_name: winter


sentence: Many people binge eat at some point in their life.

sentences_before: Binge eating' is when people eat much more than is healthy.

concept_name: people


sentence: Dukedom is the highest ranking of royalty before monarch.

sentences_after: The wife of the Duke of York is the Duchess of York.

sentences_after: The current Duke is Prince Andrew, Duke of York.

sentences_after: The first one was Edmund of Langley, who founded the House of York and served as the duke from 1385 until his death in 1402.

sentences_after: During colonial times and the Act of Union, the title was changed to 'Duke of York and Albany', who would serve as the Duke of York and the duke of then British-occupied Albany.

sentences_after: Since the 15th century, the title has usually been given to the second son of the reigning monarch.

concept_name: dukedom


sentence: Eclipses are total only in a narrow track along the Earth, and only for a few minutes.

sentences_after: Outside this path, all eclipses are partial, and places far from the track get no eclipse at all.

sentences_after: The track can be predicted many years before it happens.

concept_name: eclipse


sentence: Some lichens are symbiotic relationships between fungi and green algae.

sentences_before: The division contains both unicellular and multicellular species.

sentences_before: While most species live in freshwater habitats and a large number in marine habitats, other species are adapted to a wide range of environments.

sentences_before: Watermelon snow, or 'Chlamydomonas nivalis', lives on summer alpine snowfields.

sentences_before: Others live attached to rocks or woody parts of trees.

concept_name: lichen


sentence: Summers are humid, meaning a lot of water is in the air, so it feels very muggy.

headings:
Minneapolis
Land and weather

sentences_before: Minneapolis is flat near the river and hilly away from it.

sentences_before: The city is also in the middle of the country.

sentences_before: The weather is like many places in America with hot summers and cold winters.

sentences_before: The winter is very long, very cold, and there is almost no spring.

concept_name: summer


sentence: Many different people make up Minneapolis today.

headings: Minneapolis People

sentences_before: They are generally kind and polite people.

sentences_before: Most residents of Minneapolis live in houses and apartments.

sentences_before: Some now live in tall buildings called condos.

sentences_after: After the Dakota Indian were people from Britain, French Canada, and Spanish Mexico.

sentences_after: They were followed by Scandinavians who are from Norway, Denmark, and Sweden.

sentences_after: Soon people from almost all parts of the world started coming including East Europe, Russia, and Asia.

sentences_after: Once Minneapolis was even larger than it is today with 520,000 people.

sentences_after: But many people moved away to suburbs using new highways.

concept_name: different people


sentence: People there work in small stores too, like barber, grocery, hardware, and coffee shop.

headings:
Minneapolis
Work and shopping

sentences_before: Lots of big companies are in Downtown in tall skyscraper buildings.

sentences_before: These include lawyers, doctors and people in banks.

sentences_before: They work near Nicollet Mall where there are restaurants and shops.

sentences_after: Anyone in Minneapolis can get internet to their laptop too.

concept_name: People


sentence: Fine sediment is the most abundant product of erosion, which is why mudrocks are so common.

concept_name: fine sediment


sentence: Silt is the product of physical weathering, such as freezing and thawing.

sentences_after: Physical weathering does not involve any chemical changes in the rock, just its physical breaking apart.

concept_name: silt


sentence: Many people think of the pelvis as the 'hip bone', because it is at the hip.

sentences_after: The pelvis is at the lower end of the spine.

sentences_after: In vertebrates, usually legs are attaching at the pelvis.


sentence: Humans are somewhat different from other mammals.

headings:
Lactose intolerance
Lactase evolution in humans

sentences_after: Some humans continue to produce lactase, and some do not.

concept_name: human


sentence: All collisions have the same momentum before and after a collision.

sentences_before: A 'collision' occurs when two objects come in contact with each other.

sentences_after: Examples of collisions include car crashes, bouncing a ball, and playing pool.

sentences_after: Collisions are made from two smaller sections called elastic and inelastic collisions.

concept_name: collision


sentence: Collisions are made from two smaller sections called elastic and inelastic collisions.

sentences_before: All collisions have the same momentum before and after a collision.

sentences_before: Examples of collisions include car crashes, bouncing a ball, and playing pool.


sentence: Detection probably comes from the fact that they are affected by gravity.

sentences_before: Sterile neutrinos', also known as 'neutral heavy leptons', 'heavy neutrinos', or 'right-handed neutrinos', are theoretical particles that are extremely difficult to find.

sentences_before: This is because they are not affected by all of fundamental forces that rule normal physics, only gravity.

concept_name: detection


sentence: Burns are usually minor.

headings:
Burn (injury)
Characteristics

sentences_after: They are usually Degree One to a minor Degree Two.

sentences_after: Others are more powerful, such as Degree 3.

sentences_after: People may get more powerful burns from high heat or radioactive items.

concept_name: burn


sentence: Every person is different.

sentences_before: Transgender people may get one of these surgeries, a combination, or no surgeries at all.

number: every

concept_name: person


sentence: Milk substitutes have a similar look and taste to milk produced by the mammary glands of a mammal.

sentences_before: A 'Milk substitute' is a product that resembles milk.

sentences_after: People with a lactose intolerance or a milk allergy often replace milk by a substitute.

concept_name: milk substitute


sentence: Barnacles are a different group from crabs and shrimps.

sentences_before: Barnacles grows on hard surfaces like piers, boats, rocks, and on other animals such as turtles and whales.

sentences_after: They are considered a nuisance to the shipping industry and private boat owners.

concept_name: barnacle


sentence: Barnacles are suspension feeders, sweeping small food into their mouth with their curved 'feet'.

headings: Barnacle Life-style

sentences_after: The barnacles reproduce sexually, and produce little nauplius larvae which disperse in the plankton.

sentences_after: Eventually, the larvae change into cypris form, and attach on other hard surfaces to form new barnacles.

sentences_after: Their comparative anatomy was worked out in detail by Charles Darwin.


sentence: Barnacles have the largest penis to body size ratio of the animal kingdom.

headings: Barnacle Reproduction

sentences_after: A few forms have become fully parasitic on larger crustacea.


sentence: Barnacles are by far the commonest animals on rocky sea shores.


sentence: Erosion is the process of natural forces moving rocks and soil.

sentences_after: Rocks and soil can be referred to as earth materials.

sentences_after: The natural forces that make erosion happen are water, wind, ice, and gravity.

concept_name: erosion


sentence: Erosion is a geological process.

sentences_before: Geology is the study of the structure of the earth and the processes that change the earth.

sentences_after: Erosion occurs at the earth's surface, and no effect on earth's mantle and core.


sentence: Erosion occurs at the earth's surface, and no effect on earth's mantle and core.


sentence: Erosion can cause problems that affect humans.

sentences_after: Soil erosion, for example, can create problems for farmers.

sentences_after: Soil erosion can remove soil, leaving a thin layer or rocky soil behind.

sentences_after: Erosion can also cause problems for humans by removing rocks or soil that support buildings.


sentence: Soil erosion can remove soil, leaving a thin layer or rocky soil behind.

sentences_before: Erosion can cause problems that affect humans.

sentences_before: Soil erosion, for example, can create problems for farmers.

concept_name: soil erosion


sentence: Erosion can also cause problems for humans by removing rocks or soil that support buildings.

sentences_before: Soil erosion can remove soil, leaving a thin layer or rocky soil behind.


sentence: Water moving downhill can carry away pieces of rock and soil.

headings:
Erosion
Erosion by water

concept_name: water


sentence: Temperature changes cause pieces of rock to flake away from the surface.

sentences_after: Also, the acid in rainwater dissolves rocks containing calcium carbonate.

concept_name: temperature


sentence: Waves also carry away small pieces of material.

sentences_before: Water erosion happens when water moves the pieces of rock or soil downhill and carries small pieces of material with it.

sentences_after: A wave can wash up onto the surface of rock or soil and then carry away pieces of material as it flows back into the ocean or lake.

concept_name: wave


sentence: Ice erosion is one of the strongest kinds of erosion because glaciers can move very large rocks.

headings:
Erosion
Erosion by ice

sentences_before: Ice erosion usually happens when a glacier moves downhill.

sentences_before: As the ice of the glacier moves downhill, it pushes and pulls earth materials along with it.

concept_name: ice erosion


sentence: Wind erosion occurs when wind moves pieces of earth materials.

headings:
Erosion
Erosion by wind

sentences_after: Wind erosion is one of the weakest kinds of erosion.

sentences_after: Small pieces of earth material can be rolled along the ground surface by wind.

sentences_after: Very small pieces can be picked up and carried by the wind.

sentences_after: Sometimes, wind can carry small pieces of earth materials over large distances.

sentences_after: Some sediment from the Sahara Desert is carried across the Atlantic Ocean by wind.

concept_name: wind erosion


sentence: Wind erosion is one of the weakest kinds of erosion.

sentences_before: Wind erosion occurs when wind moves pieces of earth materials.


sentence: Gravity simply pulls loose earth materials downhill.

headings:
Erosion
Erosion by gravity

sentences_before: Gravity erosion is the simplest kind of erosion.

sentences_after: Landslides are dramatic examples of gravity erosion.

concept_name: gravity


sentence: Landslides are dramatic examples of gravity erosion.

sentences_before: Gravity simply pulls loose earth materials downhill.

concept_name: landslide


sentence: Baby blue is known as one of the pastel colors.

concept_name: baby blue


sentence: International organizations are active in more than one country.

sentences_before: An 'international organization' is an organization, but rather than having people as members, they have individual countries as members.

sentences_after: These organizations can not command countries and citizens in a way a government can, but they do make rules that put limit on what governments can do.

concept_name: international organization


sentence: Pilots also have to look for other aircraft.

headings:
Air navigation
VFR navigation

sentences_before: Under Visual Flight Rules, pilots use a map and compass, and look on the ground.

sentences_before: When preparing for a flight they choose big visible points on the map, for example large cities, lakes, hills, rivers, roads or forests.

sentences_before: When in the air, they seek the chosen points to make sure of going the right way way.

sentences_before: The weather must be good enough to let them see the ground.

sentences_before: They cannot fly into clouds, because they can get lost.

sentences_after: It is their responsibility to make sure they do not get too close to other aircraft.

concept_name: pilot


sentence: Most hernias happen in the abdomen.

sentences_before: A 'hernia' is a condition where an organ or tissue goes into places in the human body that it is not normally in.

sentences_after: Hernias sometimes give pain and a lump that can be felt.

sentences_after: The cause can be hereditary or it can be from lifting objects in a wrong way.

sentences_after: There are other things that can give hernias as well.

concept_name: hernia


sentence: Hernias sometimes give pain and a lump that can be felt.

frequency: sometimes


sentence: Tourists can either walk around the area themselves, or go on a guided tours.

headings:
Port Arthur, Tasmania
History
Convicts to Tourists

sentences_after: There is a museum, with written records, tools, clothing and other interesting things from convict times.

concept_name: tourist


sentence: Many universities have degrees on the subject of Islamic studies.

sentences_before: Some non-Muslim scholars have written works which are read by many Muslims.

sentences_before: It is now more often said to be a part of Asian studies.

concept_name: university


sentence: Any editor is able to be a bureaucrat but it is up to the community's decision.

sentences_before: This user is very helpful, and his contributions are guarantee that nothing will go wrong.

sentences_before: There's no limit to the number of bureaucrats here.

sentences_before: There's not much point bringing up the generic 'they should have been more active' when you can have good redundancy, rather than waiting to replace one.

number: any

concept_name: editor


sentence: Most species are terrestrial, but arboreal and semi-aquatic monitors are also known.

sentences_before: Monitor lizards are usually large reptiles, although some can be as small as 12 centimeters in length.

sentences_before: They have long necks, powerful tails and claws, and well-developed limbs.

concept_name: specie


sentence: Incest is the ultimate form of inbreeding.

sentences_before: In many societies, it is forbidden by law and religion.

sentences_before: Children that result from incest are more likely to have birth defects.

sentences_after: Any offspring from an incestuous relationship is called an 'inbred', but this word is sometimes considered offensive.

concept_name: incest


sentence: Most societies have some form of incest avoidance.

headings: Incest Summary

sentences_after: In addition, the Balinese and some Inuit tribes have altogether different beliefs about what constitutes illegal and immoral incest.

concept_name: society


sentence: Copper is the cheapest and most widely used.

headings:
Coinage metal
Characteristics

sentences_before: These elements have low electrical resistivity so they are used for wiring.

sentences_after: Bond wires for integrated circuits are usually gold.

sentences_after: Silver and silver plated copper wiring are found in some special applications.

concept_name: copper


sentence: Silver is also the most thermally conductive element, and the most light reflecting element.

headings:
Coinage metal
Applications

sentences_before: These metals, especially silver, have unusual properties that make them essential for industrial applications outside of their monetary or decorative value.

sentences_before: They are all excellent conductors of electricity.

sentences_before: The most conductive of all metals are silver, copper and gold in that order.

sentences_after: Silver also has the unusual property that the tarnish that forms on silver is still highly electrically conductive.

concept_name: silver


sentence: Copper is used extensively in electrical wiring and circuitry.

sentences_after: Gold contacts are sometimes found in precision equipment for their ability to remain corrosion-free.


sentence: Stained glass is used in some kinds of art.

sentences_after: It is much used in Christian art but other themes are not rare.

concept_name: stained glass


sentence: Some people think that, in the stories, Chaucer was saying things about court politics.

headings:
The Canterbury Tales
About 'The Canterbury Tales'

sentences_before: Chaucer was an important person in the royal court.

sentences_after: Some people think that Chaucer based his characters on people that he really knew and who were at the royal court.

concept_name: people


sentence: Sweat is mostly water, but it also contains some salts.

sentences_before: Sweat' is a liquid that is made by the skin when the body is hot.

sentences_before: Sweat is made in sweat glands under the surface of the skin, and it comes out of tiny holes in the skin called pores.

concept_name: sweat


sentence: Some people think sweat makes a person smell bad.

sentences_after: Many people use special sprays to stop this from happening.

sentences_after: Anti-perspirants stop the body from sweating.


sentence: Deodorants hide the odor of sweat.

sentences_before: Some people think sweat makes a person smell bad.

sentences_before: Many people use special sprays to stop this from happening.

concept_name: deodorant


sentence: Sweat is produced in apocrine sweat glands in the same way.

headings:
Sweat
How sweat is made

sentences_after: However, the sweat from apocrine glands also contains proteins and fatty acids, which make it thicker and give it a milkier or yellowish color.

sentences_after: This is why underarm stains in clothing appear yellowish.

sentences_after: Sweat itself has no odor, but when bacteria on the skin and hair metabolize the proteins and fatty acids, they produce an unpleasant odor.

sentences_after: This is why deodorants and anti-perspirants are applied to the underarms instead of the whole body.


sentence: Green background indicates win.

headings:
2006–07 Chicago Blackhawks season
Regular season
Game log
April

concept_name: green background


sentence: Red background indicates regulation loss.

concept_name: red background


sentence: Compound eyes are common in arthropods, and are also present in annelids and some bivalved molluscs.

headings:
Compound eye
Types of compound eye

concept_name: compound eye


sentence: Healthy gums fill and fit each space between teeth.

headings:
Gums
About of healthy gums
Shape

concept_name: healthy gum


sentence: Percentage is far below consensus.

concept_name: percentage


sentence: Most people like to see a year.


sentence: Lampreys are eel-like, scaleless animals.

headings: Lamprey Description

sentences_after: They have well-developed eyes, one or two dorsal fins, a tail fin, a single nostril on top of the head, and seven gill openings on each side of the body.

sentences_after: Like the hagfishes, they lack bones, jaws, and paired fins.

concept_name: lamprey


sentence: Mobiles are a kind of sculpture where the pieces are moved by motors or the wind.

sentences_before: He lived in Philadelphia, in the United States.

sentences_after: Mobiles are a kind of kinetic sculpture.

concept_name: mobile


sentence: Mobiles are a kind of kinetic sculpture.

sentences_before: Mobiles are a kind of sculpture where the pieces are moved by motors or the wind.


sentence: Several awards are given to authors, editors and illustrators for creating works of science fiction.

sentences_after: The list below gives the name of the award, additional information, and the year it began.

concept_name: several award


sentence: Males bump a female to initiate mating, and then deposit a spermatophore on the lake bottom.

headings:
Tiger Salamander
Description

sentences_before: Tiger salamanders almost always stay on land as adults, and usually only return to the water to lay eggs.

sentences_before: But also they live in both land and water.

sentences_before: They also like to swim, even if they are on land.

sentences_before: Like all ambystomatids, they are extremely loyal to their birthplace, and will travel long distances to go back.

sentences_after: The female picks up the packet and deposits the now-fertilized eggs on vegetation.

sentences_after: Large-scale captive breeding of Tiger salamanders has not been accomplished, for unknown reasons.

concept_name: male


sentence: Arms are grown within a short time of coming out of their egg.

sentences_before: The larvae are entirely aquatic, and are characterized by large gills on the outside and a big tail fin that begins just behind the head.

sentences_after: Some larvae, especially in pools that are here one season and gone the next and in the north, may metamorphose as soon as feasible.

sentences_after: Other larvae, especially in ancestral pools and warmer climates, may not metamorphose until fully adult size.

sentences_after: These large larvae are usually known as waterdogs, and are used many times in the fishing bait and pet trade.

sentences_after: Some populations may not metamorphose at all, and become sexually mature while in their larval form.

concept_name: arm


sentence: Prizes are given for works from the year before the award is given.

sentences_before: The prize is for excellent works of science fiction.

sentences_after: At first, the award was only for novels.

sentences_after: Categories for short works and artwork were added in 1980.

sentences_after: Awards for media were given from 1979 to 1992.

sentences_after: In 2002, the BSFA Award started to be given for nonfiction too.

concept_name: prize


sentence: Teeth are set in sockets, but are known only in a few, small individuals.

headings:
Shonisaurus
Fossils
British Columbia specimen

concept_name: tooth


sentence: Photons have energy and momentum.

headings:
Electromagnetism
Electromagnetic radiation
Photons

sentences_after: When two electromagnetic fields act on each other, they switch photons.

sentences_after: So photons carry the electromagnetic force between charged objects.

sentences_after: Photons are also known as messenger particles in physics because these particles often carry messages between objects.

sentences_after: If a force exists while time passes, then photons are being exchanged during that time.

concept_name: photon


sentence: Larger individuals are possible.

headings:
Largest extinct animals
Vertebrates
Fish

sentences_before: The extinct megatoothed shark, 'C. megalodon' is by far the biggest and most powerful shark that ever lived.

sentences_before: This giant shark reached a length of more than .

concept_name: larger individual


sentence: Collage is a popular technique in modern art.

sentences_after: When actual painting is included, or any other medium, the technique is classified as 'mixed media'.

concept_name: collage


sentence: All plants go through a cycle with a haploid gametophyte alternating with a diploid sporophyte.

sentences_before: The pollen grains are actually haploid male gametophytes.

sentences_before: This is to do with alternation of generations.

sentences_after: In the case of flowering plants the gametophyte stage is very small and brief.

concept_name: plant


sentence: People buy most of their food in stores, shops, or markets.

sentences_before: Most people do not grow their own food, so they have to buy food that was grown by someone else.

sentences_after: But some people still grow most or all of their own food.

concept_name: People


sentence: Food shortage is still a big problem in the world today.

headings:
Food
Food-related issues

sentences_after: Many people do not have enough money to buy the food that they need.

sentences_after: Bad weather or other problems sometimes destroy the growing food in one part of the world.

sentences_after: When people do not have enough food, we say that they are hungry.

sentences_after: If they do not eat enough food for a long time, they will become sick and die from starvation.

sentences_after: In areas where many people do not have enough food, we say that there is famine there.

concept_name: food shortage


sentence: Food can make people sick if it is contaminated by microorganisms, bad metals, or chemicals.

concept_name: food


sentence: Designers try to make the flapping-wing flight of birds, bats, and insects seem real.

sentences_before: An 'ornithopter' from the ancient Greek language is an aircraft that flies by flapping its wings.

sentences_after: Though machines may differ in form, they are usually built on the same scale as these flying creatures.

sentences_after: Manned ornithopters have also been built, and some have worked.

concept_name: designer


sentence: Jugglers often call the objects they juggle as props.

sentences_before: Juggling' is a skill which throwing objects for enjoyment or sport.

sentences_before: The juggler throws objects up to catch and throw up again.

sentences_after: The most common props are balls or beanbags, rings, clubs, and special bounce balls.

sentences_after: Some performers use more dangerous objects such as knives, fire torches, and even chainsaws.

frequency: often

concept_name: juggler


sentence: Some performers use more dangerous objects such as knives, fire torches, and even chainsaws.

sentences_before: Jugglers often call the objects they juggle as props.

sentences_before: The most common props are balls or beanbags, rings, clubs, and special bounce balls.

concept_name: performer


sentence: Many animal species walk on their toes, and are called 'digitigrade'.

sentences_before: Toes' are the 'digits' of the foot of an animal.

concept_name: animal specie


sentence: Sea transport is crucial and ferry services operate between the islands and the mainland Britain.

sentences_after: The Gaelic language and the Wee Free Church of Scotland remains strong in some areas.

sentences_after: The landscapes have inspired a variety of artists, and there is a diversity of wildlife.

concept_name: sea transport


sentence: Special chainsaws are used for cutting concrete.

sentences_before: It is used for many things related to cutting trees.

sentences_before: It can also be used to fell snags and assist in cutting firebreaks in wildland fire suppression, and to harvest firewood.

concept_name: special chainsaw


sentence: Valid target is in red.

headings: Fencing Weapons Foil

concept_name: valid target


sentence: Valid target is in red.

headings: Fencing Weapons Épée


sentence: Valid target is in red.

headings: Fencing Weapons Sabre


sentence: Fencers wear a uniform to avoid injury.

headings: Fencing Uniform

sentences_after: They wear a mask of black mesh with a bib.

sentences_after: They must also wear socks that cover their legs.

concept_name: fencer


sentence: All businesses have administrators.

sentences_before: Administrators' are people who organize things like businesses.

sentences_after: They make decisions, organize the people who work there and make sure that things are working alright and there are no problems.

concept_name: business


sentence: People there live a very long time.

headings:
Lost Horizon (novel)
Plot summary
Overview

sentences_before: Hugh Conway is a member of the British diplomatic service.

sentences_before: He finds inner peace, love, and a sense of purpose in Shangri-La.

sentences_after: One theme of the book is the possibility of another world war and war preparations.

sentences_after: This was actually happening at the time.

sentences_after: The story is similar to travel stories in the Tibetan borderlands by Joseph Rock in the 'National Geographic' magazine.

sentences_after: The remote communities he visited, such as Muli are similar to Hilton's fictional Shangri-La.


sentence: Kookaburras usually live in family groups.

headings: Kookaburra Life

sentences_after: Young kookaburras help their parents to hunt and care for the smaller children.

frequency: usually

concept_name: kookaburra


sentence: Young kookaburras help their parents to hunt and care for the smaller children.

sentences_before: Kookaburras usually live in family groups.

concept_name: young kookaburra


sentence: Kookaburras are well known for their loud call, which sounds a bit like human laughter.

sentences_after: Kookaburras use their calling to show others their territory.


sentence: Kookaburras use their calling to show others their territory.

sentences_before: Kookaburras are well known for their loud call, which sounds a bit like human laughter.


sentence: Lotus is now front and center in the electric-car arena.

headings:
Lotus Cars
Electric vehicles

sentences_before: Lotus plans to enter the electric vehicle race, CEO Michael Kimberley told the Financial Times .

concept_name: lotus


sentence: Further comments are welcome.

headings: Wikipedia:Proposed good articles/Archive 11

sentences_before: I've fixed most of the concerns of Gotanda and Clementina.

concept_name: further comment


sentence: Reference actually contradicts the statement.

sentences_before: Even if moved to the section on regulation, it does not support.

sentences_before: The article is actually making the case that books such as The Jungle causing regulation is myth.

sentences_before: A century later, American schoolchildren are still taught a simplistic and romanticized version of this history.

sentences_before: They think that unscrupulous capitalists were routinely tainting our meat, and that the moral crusader Sinclair rallied the public and Congress to act.

sentences_before: Government then shifted from bystander to do-gooder and disciplined the marketplace to protect its millions of victims.

concept_name: reference


sentence: Examples are included on the talk page.

headings: Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles/Archive 9

concept_name: example


sentence: Sentences are often long and clunky.

sentences_before: The article is very interesting, and good to have on the wiki.

sentences_before: The red links would certainly be much easier to handle if the content was cut down.

sentences_after: Even as a proposed GA it would need extensive simplification.

concept_name: sentence


sentence: People usually have to pay to subscribe to cable television.

sentences_before: The television signals are brought to the television through a coaxial cable.

sentences_after: With cable television, people can watch hundreds of television channels carrying many television shows.

concept_name: People


sentence: Force is mass times acceleration.

sentences_before: Yank can be thought as a force in terms of jerk.

sentences_after: However, when an object is moving near the speed of light, a force is often written as the derivative of momentum.

sentences_after: In this case, Yank is the rate of change of derivative of momentum.

concept_name: force


sentence: Resistors are used to increase resistance in the circuit so it slows down the current.

headings:
Electric current
Current in circuits

sentences_before: When current is flowing in a wire circuit, it accelerates when there is no resistance in the circuit.

concept_name: resistor


sentence: Cantaloupes are a popular type of muskmelon, but there are other types.

sentences_after: They come from Iran and other places nearby.

sentences_after: They were transported west to Europe near the time of Christ's birth.

concept_name: cantaloupe


sentence: Muskmelons are native to Iran, as well as parts of India and Afghanistan.

headings: Muskmelon History

sentences_after: There is an old Egyptian painting that shows a fruit some people think was a muskmelon.

sentences_after: In the first century AD, Romans knew about the muskmelon, and both the Greeks and Romans found that it could be used as medicine or to eat.

sentences_after: At about this time, China also found out about the muskmelon.

concept_name: muskmelon


sentence: Muskmelons can have a very good taste or a very bad one, depending on each fruit.

headings: Muskmelon Taste

sentences_after: The species might have spread slowly because a lot of muskmelons taste bad.


sentence: Many plant species self-fertilise in the wild, but the great majority have occasional outcrossing.

headings: Inbreeding Discussion

sentences_after: This provides them with sufficient variety for their survival.

concept_name: plant


sentence: Martial law is military law.

sentences_after: It can mean the law the armed forces are subject to, or to a time of emergency, such as wartime, when the military are give extra powers over civilians.

concept_name: martial law


sentence: Protest songs can come from just about any type of music.

sentences_before: A 'protest song' is a song that is part of a movement to change society.

sentences_before: Many protest songs have lyrics that directly call for change, while others use humor, irony, or storytelling to make their point.

sentences_after: Some of these songs were against the United States fighting in the Vietnam War.

concept_name: protest song


sentence: Judges give points both for length of the jump and for the jump style.

sentences_after: Ski jumping is a part of the Winter Olympic Games.

concept_name: judge


sentence: Ski jumping is a part of the Winter Olympic Games.

sentences_before: Judges give points both for length of the jump and for the jump style.

concept_name: ski jumping


sentence: Limousines are an expensive form of auto transport and are usually offered for rich citizens.

sentences_before: The chassis of limousines are often extended via certain automobile makers.

sentences_after: Among the least rich, limousines are reserved for special occasions, usually weddings or funerals.

sentences_after: The cars are usually owned by large companies, government or certain broadcasters, although they are sometimes owned by private citizens.

concept_name: limousine


sentence: Domestic cats are found in shorthair and longhair breeds.

concept_name: domestic cat


sentence: Cats walk very precisely.

headings:
Cat
Cat anatomy

sentences_after: This trait is shared with camels and giraffes.

sentences_after: Most cats have five claws on their front paws, and four on their rear paws.

sentences_after: This special feature, on the inside of the wrists, is the carpal pad, also found on other cats and on dogs.

concept_name: cat


sentence: Most cats have five claws on their front paws, and four on their rear paws.

sentences_before: This trait is shared with camels and giraffes.


sentence: Young kittens are playful.

headings: Cat Behaviour

sentences_before: Cats are quiet and well-behaved animals, making them popular pets.

sentences_after: They can easily entertain themselves with a variety of store-bought or homemade toys.

concept_name: young kitten


sentence: Cats are fairly independent animals.

sentences_after: They can look after themselves and do not need as much attention as dogs do.


sentence: Body posture is also important.

headings: Cat Behaviour Communication

sentences_after: The whole shape of the body changes when a cat is relaxed, or when it is alert.

sentences_after: Also, the position of their ears and tail are used for communication, as well as their usual functions.

concept_name: body posture


sentence: Man meets dog'.

sentences_before: They are used between a mother cat and her kittens.

sentences_before: A mother cat protecting her kittens will fight off the largest dog.

sentences_before: She gives good warning with a frightening display, hissing furiously, showing her claws, arching her back, and making her hair stand on end.

sentences_before: If that fails, she attacks the dog's face with her claws.

sentences_before: It has been said that no dog ever tries such an attack a second time.

concept_name: man


sentence: Pregnant queens deliver their litters by themselves, guided by instinct.

headings:
Cat
Behaviour
Birth and after

sentences_after: The queen finds the safest place she can.

sentences_after: Then she will clean it thoroughly, with her tongue, if necessary.

sentences_after: In the wild, leaving a scent is risking a dangerous encounter with other animals.

concept_name: pregnant queen


sentence: Cats are very clean animals.

headings: Cat Grooming

sentences_after: They groom themselves by licking their fur.

sentences_after: The cat's tongue can act as a hairbrush and can clean and untangle a cat's fur.

sentences_after: Still, owners may buy grooming products to help the cat take care of itself.

sentences_after: A hairball is a small amount of fur that is vomited up by animals when it becomes too big.


sentence: Owners brush their cats to try to prevent a lot of hairballs.

sentences_before: They groom themselves by licking their fur.

sentences_before: The cat's tongue can act as a hairbrush and can clean and untangle a cat's fur.

sentences_before: Still, owners may buy grooming products to help the cat take care of itself.

sentences_before: A hairball is a small amount of fur that is vomited up by animals when it becomes too big.

concept_name: owner


sentence: Cats do get diseases, and prevention is better than cure.

headings:
Cat
Health Concerns

sentences_after: It is most important to get a young cat vaccinated against some of the most deadly diseases.

sentences_after: Some cats, depending on breed, gender, age, and general health, may be more susceptible to disease than others.


sentence: Most cats have only four to five toes per paw, depending on whether it is the front or back paw.

sentences_before: Kittens are sometimes born with defects.

sentences_before: People who receive cats as gifts are recommended to get it examined for its health.

sentences_before: Some birth defects, like heart problems, require urgent vet attention.

sentences_after: These mutated cats have six, seven, and in rare cases even more.

sentences_after: All of these cats are called 'polydactyl cats'.

sentences_after: They can also be called 'Hemingway cats' because author Ernest Hemingway owned many of these cats.


sentence: Geographical places are notable, so they pass the notability threshold.

headings: Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2011/Category:Communes in France

sentences_before: Unlike the asteroids these can be expanded.

sentences_before: There is nothing gained in deleting these.

concept_name: geographical place


sentence: Spoonbills generally prefer fresh water to salt but are found in both environments.

sentences_before: All have large, flat, spatulate bills and feed by wading through shallow water, sweeping the partly-opened bill from side to side.

concept_name: spoonbill


sentence: Spoonbills are monogamous, but, so far as is known, only for one season at a time.

sentences_after: Most species nest in trees or reed-beds, often with ibises or herons.


sentence: Chemical elements are made of atoms.

sentences_after: In stable elements, the atom stays the same.

sentences_after: In a chemical reaction, the atoms will form chemical bonds, with other atoms.

sentences_after: Even if the bonds change during a reaction, the atoms themselves do not.

concept_name: chemical element


sentence: Some species prefer riverine habitats.

sentences_before: As the name suggests, most are marine outside the breeding season.

sentences_before: Many species have specialized salt glands to allow them to tolerate salt water, but these have not yet developed in young birds.

concept_name: specie


sentence: People can be addicted to drugs, cigarettes, alcohol, gambling, caffeine, and many other things.

sentences_before: When you have addiction to something it is called being 'addicted' or being an 'addict'.

concept_name: People


sentence: Addiction takes place when the addictive element enters the body.

sentences_after: Once under this control, the consumer does not have a completely free will, and listens to the addiction's bidding.

concept_name: addiction


sentence: Engineers usually design or build things that are sold or given to people.

sentences_before: Engineers from different fields need to work together to make wind turbines at sea'Engineering' is the use of science and math to design or make things.

sentences_before: People who do engineering are called engineers.

sentences_before: They learn engineering at a college or university.

sentences_after: Some engineers also use their skills to solve technical problems.

sentences_after: There are different types of engineers that design everything from computers and buildings to watches and websites.

concept_name: engineer


sentence: Some engineers also use their skills to solve technical problems.

sentences_before: Engineers usually design or build things that are sold or given to people.


sentence: Engineering is a big subject.

headings:
Engineering
What is it?

concept_name: engineering


sentence: Aerospace engineers design space vehicles or airplanes.

concept_name: aerospace engineer


sentence: Biomedical engineers design and work with medical equipment.

concept_name: biomedical engineer


sentence: Chemical engineers use chemicals to make products like drugs and medicines or fertilizers for crops.

concept_name: chemical engineer


sentence: Civil engineers work on roads, bridges, buildings and other public structures.

concept_name: civil engineer


sentence: Computer engineers design and build computers and the parts that computers are made of.

concept_name: computer engineer


sentence: Environmental engineers design and implement solutions to remediate and restore the environment.

concept_name: environmental engineer


sentence: Nuclear engineers design and build nuclear plants.

sentences_after: They also study the characteristic behaviors of certain radioactive or unstable elements.

concept_name: nuclear engineer


sentence: Software engineers design and write programs for computers.

concept_name: software engineer


sentence: Communication has many ways, and happens all the time.

sentences_after: Not only humans communicate, most other animals do too.

sentences_after: Some communication is done without thinking, such as by changing in posture.

concept_name: communication


sentence: Some communication is done without thinking, such as by changing in posture.

sentences_before: Communication has many ways, and happens all the time.

sentences_before: Not only humans communicate, most other animals do too.


sentence: Communication works by exchanging information or messages.

headings:
Communication
How communication works


sentence: Some scientists dispute psychometrics entirely.

headings:
Intelligence quotient
Problems
Test does not measure intelligence

sentences_after: Harvard professor and paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould argued that intelligence tests were based on faulty assumptions and showed their history of being used as the basis for scientific racism.

concept_name: scientist


sentence: People get very scared.

headings:
Event Horizon
Synopsis

sentences_before: Weir then walks around without any eyes and starts to kill people.

sentences_before: They send him out to space, but he does not die.

sentences_after: Even after they kill Weir, they still see him.


sentence: Antelope are found mostly in Africa below the Sahara, and parts of Asia.

sentences_after: True antelope have horns which are unbranched and never shed, while Pronghorns have branching horns, and shed annually.

concept_name: Antelope


sentence: Many antelope are sexually dimorphic.

sentences_after: In most species, both sexes have horns, but those of males tend to be larger.

concept_name: antelope


sentence: Scientists take it as a form of communication in elands.

sentences_before: When walking, tendon or joints in the eland's foreleg produce a sharp clicking sound, the cause of which is not known.

sentences_before: The sound carries some distance and is a good indication of an approaching herd.


sentence: Psychologists say stalking is a way of hurting someone's mind with serious effects.

headings: Cyberstalking Stalking

sentences_before: It is not just one event but an ongoing process that threatens or makes that person feel scared.

sentences_before: Someone who does this is called a stalker.

sentences_before: The stalker may do this because they want to be involved in that person's life or because they want to have power over that person's life.

sentences_before: The stalker can hurt that person's feelings by making them scared.

sentences_before: They may feel they do not have the power to stop the stalker.

sentences_after: Sometimes a stalker may go on to hurt that person's body by assaulting, raping or murdering that person.

concept_name: psychologist


sentence: Comments are welcome.

concept_name: comment


sentence: Peat fires are used to dry malted barley for use in Scotch whisky distillation.

headings: Peat Uses

concept_name: peat fire


sentence: Cities are very important.

sentences_before: At the beginning, you chose which civilization to play.

sentences_after: You need them to build buildings that improve the city, and units.

sentences_after: The units can attack other units, build more cities, and improve the land.

sentences_after: Technologies allow you to do more things.

concept_name: city


sentence: People still discuss making language simpler and more modern in Egypt.

headings:
Salama Moussa
Language

sentences_before: They wanted Egyptian Arabic to officially become the Modern Egyptian language.

sentences_before: His conservative opponents became angry with him.

sentences_before: Standard Arabic had not changed for generations.

sentences_before: Most Egyptian people could not read or write that Standard Arabic.

sentences_before: Therefore, Moussa and other thinkers said people should write in the common, local Arabic.

sentences_after: Salama Moussa's writings continue to be popular.

concept_name: People


sentence: Variations involve replacing the butter with various types of cream.

headings:
Shirred eggs
Variations

sentences_after: Provence and Normandy have their own versions.

concept_name: variation


sentence: Hollandaise is one of the five mother sauces in French haute cuisine.

concept_name: hollandaise


sentence: MANs use different technologies than LANs.

sentences_before: An example of  where  MANs are  used,  are the networks on a campus of a university.

sentences_after: Today, most MANs are done using fibre optic cabling.

sentences_after: MANs can reach distances of up to 100km.

concept_name: man


sentence: Digestion begins in the mouth.

sentences_before: Guppies have a tongue, teeth, a pharynx, gill slits, an esophagus, a stomach, intestines, and an anal opening.

sentences_after: First, the food is mashed up into small pieces by the teeth.

sentences_after: Then, the food travels down the pharynx.

sentences_after: On either side of the pharynx, there are gill slits.

sentences_after: Gill slits allow water to pass into the chambers, which helps break down the food even more.

sentences_after: The food must pass through the esophagus in order to enter the stomach.

concept_name: digestion


sentence: Gill slits allow water to pass into the chambers, which helps break down the food even more.

sentences_before: First, the food is mashed up into small pieces by the teeth.

sentences_before: Then, the food travels down the pharynx.

sentences_before: On either side of the pharynx, there are gill slits.

sentences_after: Inside the stomach, the intestines move food so it can be digested quickly.

sentences_after: The remains of the food is then sent out through the anal opening.

concept_name: gill


sentence: Infected cells form crown galls or root tumours, respectively.

headings:
Bacterial conjugation
Inter-kingdom transfer

sentences_before: These genes turn plant cells into factories producing chemicals used by the bacteria for nitrogen and energy.

concept_name: infected cell


sentence: Conjugation is a convenient means for transferring genetic material to a variety of targets.

headings:
Bacterial conjugation
Genetic engineering

sentences_after: In laboratories successful transfers have been reported from bacteria to yeast, plants, mammalian cells, and isolated mammalian mitochondria.

concept_name: conjugation


sentence: Conjugation has advantages over other forms of genetic transfer.

sentences_after: Agrobacterium'-like conjugation is also primarily used for dicots, but monocot recipients are not uncommon.


sentence: Transformation occurs naturally in some species of bacteria, and can also be done artificially.

sentences_after: Bacteria that are capable of being transformed, whether naturally or artificially, are called 'competent'.

concept_name: transformation


sentence: Most spirochaetes are free-living and anaerobic, but there are numerous exceptions.

concept_name: spirochaete


sentence: All parameters are optional.

headings:
Template:Infobox football club/doc
Parameters

concept_name: parameter


sentence: Most species are phytophagous, feeding on flowers.

headings: Parapneuroptera Thrips

sentences_before: The mouth is in the form of an asymmetrical mouth cone, consisting of piercing stylets.

sentences_before: Thrips are commonly found on and in flowers.

concept_name: specie


sentence: Epilepsy can also occur.

sentences_before: It is also known as 'Oculocerebrorenal syndrome'.

sentences_before: People with lowe syndrome are born with cataracts, that is the lenses of their eyes are not totally clear.

sentences_before: Many people with the syndrome develop kidney problems at an early age.

sentences_before: The brain develops differently, the development of the child happens slower.

sentences_before: Such children may often have learning difficulties.

concept_name: Epilepsy


sentence: Inflammation is one of the first responses of the immune system to infection or irritation.

headings:
Innate immune system
Inflammation

concept_name: inflammation


sentence: Inflammation is stimulated by chemical factors released by injured cells.

sentences_after: It serves to establish a physical barrier against the spread of infection, and to promote healing of any damaged tissue after  the clearance of pathogens.


sentence: Neutrophils then trigger other parts of the immune system.

sentences_before: Chemical factors produced during inflammation attract phagocytes, especially neutrophils.

concept_name: neutrophil


sentence: Mast cells are a type of innate immune cell in connective tissue and the mucous membranes.

headings:
Innate immune system
Cells of the innate immune response
Mast cells

sentences_after: They are intimately associated with defence against pathogens and wound healing.

sentences_after: They are also often associated with allergy and anaphylaxis.

sentences_after: When activated, mast cells rapidly release characteristic granules, rich in histamine and heparin, along with various hormonal mediators, and chemotactic cytokines into the environment.

sentences_after: Histamine dilates blood vessels, causing the signs of inflammation, and recruits neutrophils and macrophages.

concept_name: mast cell


sentence: Macrophages are large phagocytic leukocytes.

headings:
Innate immune system
Cells of the innate immune response
Phagocytes
Macrophages

sentences_after: They can move across the cell membrane of capillary vessels and go between cells to hunt invading pathogens.

sentences_after: Macrophages are the most efficient phagocytes, and can phagocytose substantial numbers of bacteria or other cells or microbes.

concept_name: macrophage


sentence: Nonmetals also react with it.

headings:
Oxygen difluoride
Reactions

sentences_before:
OF2 reacts with many metals.
It produces oxides and fluorides.

sentences_after: Phosphorus reacts with OF2 to form PF5 and POF3.

sentences_after: It produces XeF4 and xenon oxyfluorides.

concept_name: nonmetal


sentence: Today Leeds still has many factories and offices for large companies.

headings: Leeds Today

sentences_after: The City Centre has attracted many shops, offices, pubs, restaurants and bars.

sentences_after: Leeds now has some skyscrapers such as Bridgewater Place.

sentences_after: Leeds and Manchester are the most important cities for business in the North of England.

concept_name: today


sentence: Many banks have their offices in Leeds.

sentences_before: Today Leeds still has many factories and offices for large companies.

sentences_before: The City Centre has attracted many shops, offices, pubs, restaurants and bars.

sentences_before: Leeds now has some skyscrapers such as Bridgewater Place.

sentences_before: Leeds and Manchester are the most important cities for business in the North of England.

concept_name: bank


sentence: Gluons also have color charge.

headings:
Strong interaction
Fundamental/ Color Strong Force

sentences_before: Like the electromagnetic force, opposite colors attract, and the same colors repel.

sentences_before: Some particles that have color charge are quarks and antiquarks.

sentences_before: The type of quark is not related to that quark's color charge at all.

sentences_before: This is in fact because the nature of the strong force between particles is that it becomes stronger the further away the particles are.

sentences_before: The force carrier of the strong force is the gluon.

sentences_after: Both quarks and gluons have properties that make them unique from other particles.

concept_name: gluon


sentence: Alpha decay is a result of the residual strong force.

headings:
Strong interaction
Residual Strong Force

sentences_before: It is what holds the nucleus of an atom together.

sentences_after: This force is carried by pions, which are made of one quark and one antiquark.

sentences_after: Protons and neutrons are some of the particles that experience it.

sentences_after: Each of these three particles has unique properties as well.

concept_name: alpha decay


sentence: Fermions have properties, such as charge and mass, which can be seen in everyday life.

headings:
Standard Model
Fermions

sentences_before: Examples of groups of fermions are the proton and the neutron.

sentences_after: They also have other properties, such as spin, weak charge, hypercharge, and colour charge, whose effects do not usually appear in everyday life.

sentences_after: These properties are given numbers called quantum numbers.

concept_name: fermion


sentence: Quarks are grouped into three pairs.

sentences_after: The three kinds of neutrino have a charge of 0.

sentences_after: The electron, muon, and tau have charge -1.

concept_name: quark


sentence: Examples are ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking.

concept_name: example


sentence: Many grevilleas interbreed freely, and some specially picked hybrids have been grown for sale.

sentences_before: Grevilleas are closely related to the genus 'Hakea', the genus gives its name to the subfamily Grevilleoideae.

sentences_before: Many species of grevilleas are popular garden plants, especially in Australia but also in other temperate and subtropical climates.

sentences_after: Among the best known are 'Grevillea' 'Robyn Gordon', a small shrub up to 1.5 metres high and wide which can flower 12 months of the year in subtropical climates.

concept_name: grevillea


sentence: Content creation looks great.

sentences_after:
QD's look good.
Most of his reports to VIP look good.
I can't find any real issues.
Should be a good admin.

concept_name: content creation


sentence: Summers can be warm and dry for a long time.

headings:
Alaska Interior
Climate

sentences_after: This can make it easy for wildfires to start.

sentences_after: Weak thunderstorms can produce lightning that starts a fire.

sentences_after: These fires are often left to burn if they are far away from where people live.

concept_name: summer


sentence: Weak thunderstorms can produce lightning that starts a fire.

sentences_before: Summers can be warm and dry for a long time.

sentences_before: This can make it easy for wildfires to start.

concept_name: weak thunderstorm


sentence: Polymorphism is common in nature.

sentences_after: The most common example is sexual dimorphism, which occurs in many organisms.

concept_name: polymorphism


sentence: Fitness varies in time and space.

headings:
Polymorphism
Genetic polymorphism
Balancing selection

sentences_after: Fitness of a genotype may vary greatly between larval and adult stages, or between parts of a habitat range.

concept_name: fitness


sentence: Selection acts differently at different levels.

concept_name: selection


sentence: Mammals normally produce lactase only as long as the mother has milk.

headings:
Polymorphism
Examples
Humans
Lactase persistence

sentences_after:
Then the enzyme lactase is cut off.
Modern humans are different.

concept_name: mammal