sentence: Several men arm the trebuchet by raising the counterweight up and the firing arm down.

headings:
Trebuchet
How it works

sentences_before: The basket of the trebuchet is filled with heavy rocks.

sentences_before: This acts as a counterweight for the other end, which is usually filled with one large rock.

sentences_after: At this point the arm is released, the heavy basket swings down and the arm swings up, launching the rock far and fast.

concept_name: several man


repository: local

sentence: Morays are carnivores.

sentences_before: Typically, moray eels grow to a length of about 1.5 metres.

sentences_before: The largest known moray eel is the Slender giant moray, which can reach 4 metres in length.

sentences_before: Moray eels live in coral reefs, at a depth of about 200m.

sentences_before: These reefs are usually in tropical or subtropical waters.

sentences_before: They spend most of their time inside deep cracks in rocks.

sentences_after: They prey on other fish, cephalopods, mollusks, and crustaceans.

sentences_after: Groupers, other moray eels, and Barracudas are amongst their predators.

concept_name: moray


sentence: People show directions by pointing.

sentences_before: Something following the line is moving in that 'direction'.

concept_name: People


sentence: Ambulances are sent out by emergency medical dispatchers.

concept_name: ambulance


sentence: Ants have colonies almost everywhere on planet Earth.

headings: Ant Colonies

sentences_after: Places that do not have ants are Antarctica, and certain far away places or islands hard to live on.

concept_name: ant


sentence: Ants are usually small, but can carry the weight of twenty ants.


sentence: Some people use ants for food, medicine and rituals.

sentences_after: They can damage crops and enter buildings, though.

sentences_after: Some species, like the red imported fire ant, live in places where they came to by accident.

number: some

concept_name: people


sentence: Termites are actually more closely related to cockroaches and mantids.

headings: Ant Evolution

sentences_before: Termites, though sometimes called 'white ants', are not ants and belong to the order Isoptera.

sentences_after: Termites are eusocial but differ greatly in the genetics of reproduction.

sentences_after: The similar social structure is attributed to convergent evolution.

sentences_after: Velvet ants look like large ants, but are wingless female wasps.

concept_name: termite


sentence: Termites are eusocial but differ greatly in the genetics of reproduction.

sentences_before: Termites are actually more closely related to cockroaches and mantids.


sentence: Velvet ants look like large ants, but are wingless female wasps.

sentences_before: Termites are eusocial but differ greatly in the genetics of reproduction.

sentences_before: The similar social structure is attributed to convergent evolution.

concept_name: Velvet ant


sentence: Most ant species have a system in which only the queen and breeding females can mate.

headings:
Ant
Development and reproduction
Mating

sentences_after: Contrary to popular belief, some ant nests have multiple queens while others can exist without queens.

number: Most

concept_name: ant specie


sentence: Most ants produce a new generation each year.

headings:
Ant
Development and reproduction
Mating
The nuptial flight

sentences_after: During the species specific breeding period, new reproductives, winged males and females leave the colony in what is called a 'nuptial flight'.

sentences_after: Typically, the males take flight before the females.

sentences_after: Males then use visual cues to find a common mating ground, for example, a landmark such as a pine tree to which other males in the area converge.

sentences_after: Males secrete a mating pheromone that females follow.

sentences_after: Females of some species mate with just one male, but in some others they may mate with anywhere from one to ten or more different males.


sentence: Males secrete a mating pheromone that females follow.

sentences_before: Most ants produce a new generation each year.

sentences_before: During the species specific breeding period, new reproductives, winged males and females leave the colony in what is called a 'nuptial flight'.

sentences_before: Typically, the males take flight before the females.

sentences_before: Males then use visual cues to find a common mating ground, for example, a landmark such as a pine tree to which other males in the area converge.

sentences_after: Mated females then seek a suitable place to begin a colony.

sentences_after: There, they break off their wings and begin to lay and care for eggs.

sentences_after: The females store the sperm they obtain during their nuptial flight to selectively fertilise future eggs.

concept_name: male


sentence: Ant colonies can be long-lived.

sentences_after: Males, however, are more transitory, and survive only a few weeks.

sentences_after: Ant queens are estimated to live 100 times longer than solitary insects of a similar size.

concept_name: ant colony


sentence: Knives are better than scissors for some uses.

sentences_after: Unlike a knife, scissors have two sharp edges.

concept_name: knife


sentence: Indigo is a dye made from the indigo plant, used to dye cloth.

concept_name: indigo


sentence: Indigo represents religion, spirituality, and intuition.

headings:
Indigo
Meaning of indigo

sentences_after: The color indigo is stated to represent intuition.


sentence: Many articles seem to have simple content as well.

headings:
Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 8
Silly question

sentences_before: I'm sorry for the somewhat silly question.

sentences_before: I want to know how to write my future changes.

sentences_before: I had thought that the ideas we write about should be explained with simple words and sentences that are not complex.

number: many

concept_name: article


sentence: Errors are bad, no matter how minor.

headings:
Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 8
Small Request

sentences_after: I've corrected it, thanks for pointing it out.

concept_name: error


sentence: People enjoy chatting to one another in the queue.

sentences_after: The people who are at the front of the queue can have the first choice of where to stand for the concert.


sentence: Renewable resources are usually much cleaner.

sentences_before: A problem with fossil fuels is the pollution and global warming gases they produce.

sentences_after: New technology for renewable resources is helping to make them cheaper.

sentences_after: And now even fossil fuels are becoming harder to find and more expensive.

sentences_after: This combination means that renewable resources are making more sense than ever, and this is a growing field.

sentences_after: From 2008 to 2012, the U.S. doubled renewable generation from wind, solar, and geothermal sources, and America is now home to some of the largest wind and solar farms in the world.

concept_name: renewable resource


sentence: Solar power is the technology of obtaining usable energy from the light of the sun.

headings:
Renewable resource
Types of renewable resources
Solar power

sentences_after: Solar energy has come into use where other power supplies are absent, such as in places far off from the national electrical grid and in space.

concept_name: solar power


sentence: Geothermal energy uses the heat from deep underground to make electricity.

headings:
Renewable resource
Types of renewable resources
Geothermal

sentences_after: It can be used to produce steam which goes up a pipe, which then pushes a turbine.

sentences_after: It is best used in places where the Earth's crust is not real thick.

sentences_after: In the United States, most of the western states have areas where this works.

sentences_after: California makes the most geothermal energy.

concept_name: geothermal energy


sentence: Hot chocolate is usually drunk to make the drinker feel happier or warmer.

sentences_before: It is usually  made by mixing chocolate or cocoa powder and sugar with warm milk or water.

sentences_after: Some studies have shown that hot chocolate may be healthy because of antioxidants that are in cocoa.

sentences_after: Until the 1800s, hot chocolate was also used by doctors as a medicine against some diseases.

concept_name: hot chocolate


sentence: Hot chocolate is usually drank in cold weather and winter in the United States.

headings:
Hot chocolate
Use and types
North America

sentences_before: In the United States, the drink is most popular in powdered or crushed form.

sentences_before: This is the thinner of the two main types.

sentences_before: It is very sweet and often is served with marshmallows, whipped cream, or a piece of solid chocolate.

sentences_before: European hot chocolate first came to the U.S. as early as the 1600s by the Dutch, but the first time colonists began selling hot chocolate was around 1755.


sentence: Hot chocolate has a lot of calories, saturated fat, and sugar.

headings:
Hot chocolate
Health

sentences_before: Hot chocolate has a lot of antioxidants that may be good for the health.

sentences_before: From the 16th to 19th centuries, hot chocolate was used as a medicine and a drink.

sentences_before: Another explorer, Santiago de Valverde Turices, thought that large amounts of hot chocolate were good for fixing chest problems, and small amounts could help stomach problems.

sentences_before: This may be because of a chemical that makes a person's mood better in chocolate.

sentences_before: There are also a few bad health effects.

sentences_after: Caffeine in the cocoa that is in hot chocolate may also make bad health effects.


sentence: Diuretics increase the amount of urine that is secreted from the body.

sentences_after: Diuretics are used as a treatment for heart failure, liver cirrhosis, hypertension and certain problems with the kidneys.

sentences_after: Diuretics are often abused by people suffering form bulimia nervosa as a way to lose weight.

concept_name: diuretic


sentence: People suffering from it have problems finding their way around in the world.

sentences_after: Additionally, they may have trouble remembering things or memorizing new things.

sentences_after: This may be linked to problems focusing their attention.

sentences_after: Confusion can also be a sign of someone being sick with various illnesses when it's coupled with things like fever, chills or  exhaustion.

concept_name: People


sentence: More developed leaves are harder, giving lower grades a sandy texture.

headings:
Matcha
Grades
Location on the green tea tree

sentences_before: The very top of the tree has developing leaves that are soft and supple.

sentences_before: This gives a finer texture to higher grades.

sentences_after: The better flavour is due to the tree sending all its nutrients to the growing leaves.

number: more

concept_name: developed leaf


sentence: Oxidation smells like hay and affects colour and texture.

headings: Matcha Grades Oxidation

concept_name: oxidation


sentence: People now realize that green tea and matcha are good for the health.

headings:
Matcha
Other uses

sentences_after: This is why in North America it can be found in a lot of health food products such as cereal and energy bars.


sentence: Green tea is a tea that has undergone little oxidation while it was processed.

sentences_before: It comes from the plant species 'Camellia sinensis'.

sentences_after: Green tea is popular in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and the Middle East.

sentences_after: Recently it has been drunk more widely in the West, where usually black tea is consumed.

concept_name: green tea


sentence: Many homes have at least one tatami room.

headings: Tatami 'Igusa'

sentences_before: Igusa' 'tatami' is also smooth to the touch, so it is comfortable for babies and young children.

concept_name: home


sentence: Japan has etiquette about 'tatamiberi'.

headings: Tatami 'Tatami'

sentences_after: Japanese are taught not to step on the 'tatamiberi'.

sentences_after: It is easy to tear 'tatamiberi' when stepping in the weakest part.

sentences_after: Stepping on 'tatamiberi' fades the color on the edge of cotton and hemp in the 'tatami'.

sentences_after: Also, family crests were embroidered on the 'tatamiberi' in old times, too.

concept_name: Japan


sentence: Standard time happens from autumn to early spring.

sentences_before: Standard time' can also be used to mean the time without daylight saving time.

sentences_after: Daylight saving time happens from early spring to autumn.

concept_name: standard time


sentence: Gargoyles spout water from the roof.

headings: Architectural features of Gothic churches and cathedrals

sentences_before: Many sculptures, sometimes of animals and legendary creatures.

concept_name: gargoyle


sentence: Some churches have very rough brick 'facades' because the marble was never put on.

headings:
Gothic architecture
Regional differences
Building materials

sentences_before: In Italy, limestone was used for city walls and castles, but brick was used for other buildings.

sentences_after: Florence Cathedral, for example, did not get its marble 'facade' until the 1800s.

concept_name: church


sentence: Many cathedrals are very old.

headings: Cathedral Definition

concept_name: cathedral


sentence: Blood types prevent that.

headings:
Blood transfusion
Problems

sentences_before: Not all people are able to donate blood to all other people.

concept_name: blood type


sentence: Doctors use it to describe patients who have lost parts or all of their ability to focus attention.

sentences_before: The condition is also known as 'acute confusional state'.

sentences_after: People who suffer from it  may also have problems to concentrate, or to remember things or  other people.

concept_name: doctor


sentence: Gristmills grind grains into flour.

headings:
Watermill
Types of watermills

sentences_after: These were undoubtedly the most common kind of mill.

concept_name: gristmill


sentence: Hydroelectric power is a means of conserving the energy.

headings:
Hydropower
Types of water power
Hydroelectric power

sentences_after: Apart from a few countries with plenty of it, hydro power is normally applied to peak load demand because it is readily stopped and started.

sentences_after: Nevertheless, hydroelectric power is probably not a major option for the future of energy production in the developed nations because most major sites within these nations are either already being exploited or are unavailable for other reasons, such as environmental considerations.

concept_name: hydroelectric power


sentence: Impulse turbines change the velocity of a water jet.

headings:
Water turbine
Theory of operation
Impulse turbines

sentences_after: The jet pushes the turbine's curved blades which reverse the flow.

concept_name: impulse turbine


sentence: Some water turbines are designed for Pumped storage hydroelectricity.

headings:
Water turbine
Theory of operation
Pumped storage

sentences_after: They can reverse flow and operate as a pump to fill a high reservoir during off-peak electrical hours, and then revert to a turbine for power generation during peak electrical demand.

sentences_after: This type of turbine is usually a Deriaz or Francis in design.

concept_name: water turbine


sentence: Nuclear waste emits dangerous radiation and is difficult to dispose of.

headings:
Water turbine
Environmental impact

sentences_before: They are one of the cleanest producers of power, replacing the burning of fossil fuels and eliminating nuclear waste.

sentences_before: Burning fossil fuels produces smoke and ash, and toxic gases such as carbon monoxide.

sentences_after: They use a renewable energy source and are designed to operate for decades.

sentences_after: They produce significant amounts of the world's electrical supply.

concept_name: nuclear waste


sentence: Radio waves are used to send and receive communications.

sentences_before: This is the kind of electromagnetic radiation with the highest wavelength.

concept_name: radio wave


sentence: Most people hear terms like radiation and immediately think of it as a bad or dangerous thing.

headings:
Radiation
Danger from radiation

sentences_after: It turns out that only certain types of radiation are ordinarily harmful to humans.

sentences_after: For example, ultraviolet radiation can give people sunburns.

sentences_after: X-rays and gamma rays can make a person sick, or even die if they are exposed to them for a very long time.

sentences_after: Some types of particle radiation can also make people sick and lead to burns.

sentences_after: Any type of radiation that causes changes in the world like these is referred to as ionizing radiation.

concept_name: people


sentence: Many streets are the centre of local culture and people make groups there.

concept_name: street


sentence: Men use rape as a means of continuing male dominance by keeping all women in a state of fear.

sentences_before: Brownmiller says that rape has been defined by men rather than women until now.

sentences_after: Brownmiller also participated in civil rights activism.

sentences_after: She joined CORE during the sit-in movement and volunteered for Freedom Summer in 1964.

sentences_after: She first became involved in the Women's Liberation Movement in New York City in 1968.

concept_name: men


sentence: Motion is a requirement of work.

sentences_before: It is the force that does the work, not the agent that created the force.

sentences_before: The force acting on the body does not need to cause the displacement.

concept_name: motion


sentence: Pathogens are organism microbes that can cause disease.

concept_name: pathogen


sentence: Islamic terrorism is a short article without a neutral point of view.

headings:
Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Log 5
June 2007
Islamic terrorism

sentences_after: This isn't very useful and the article should be deleted rather than left alone for people to try and correct it.

concept_name: islamic terrorism


sentence: Iron oxides are used in pigments.

sentences_before:
Iron oxides' are chemical compounds.
There are sixteen known iron oxides.

sentences_after: It is used in both man-made and natural pigments.

concept_name: iron oxide


sentence: Men have a natural fear of fire.

headings:
Napalm
Usage in warfare

sentences_before: A lesser-known method is the flame throwers used by combat infantry.

sentences_before: Flame throwers use a thinner version of the same jellied gasoline to destroy gun emplacements, bunkers and cave hideouts.

sentences_before: U.S. Marines fighting on Guadalcanal found them very effective against Japanese positions.

sentences_before: The Marines used fire as both a casualty weapon as well as a psychological weapon.

sentences_after: They found that Japanese soldiers would abandon positions in which they fought to the death against other weapons.

sentences_after: Prisoners of war confirmed that they feared napalm more than any other weapon thrown at them.

concept_name: man


sentence: Prairies cover most of the states west of the Mississippi River.

headings:
Midwestern United States
Geography

sentences_before: The land in the Midwest is generally thought of as being flat.

sentences_before: This is true of several areas in the Midwest, but there are parts that are not flat.

sentences_before: For example, the eastern Midwest near the Appalachian Mountains, the Great Lakes basin, and northern parts of Wisconsin, U.P. of Michigan and Minnesota are not flat.

sentences_before: Also, the northern part of the Ozark mountain range is in southern Missouri.

sentences_after: Less rain falls in the western Midwest than in the eastern part.

sentences_after: This causes different types of prairies.

sentences_after: Areas in northern Minnesota, Michigan and Wisconsin, and the Ohio River valley are not very developed.

concept_name: prairie


sentence: Less rain falls in the western Midwest than in the eastern part.

sentences_before: Prairies cover most of the states west of the Mississippi River.

concept_name: Less rain


sentence: White phosphorus is toxic to humans.

sentences_before: White phosphorus'  is an incendiary weapon.

sentences_before: Its main ingredient is one of the allotropes of the chemical element phosphorus.

concept_name: white phosphorus


sentence: Hierarchy is when one person is seen as being more important than another person.

sentences_before: Most libertarians think that there needs to be a government in order to protect people's property, which makes anarcho-capitalists different, even though they are still a kind of libertarian.

sentences_before: On the other hand, most anarchists don't agree with anarcho-capitalism because they think that it's bad to use force to stop someone from using someone else's property.

sentences_before: A lot of anarchists don't even think that anarcho-capitalism counts as a real kind of anarchism.

sentences_before: That is because most anarchists aren't just against the government, but the whole idea of hierarchy.

sentences_after: They say that capitalism creates hierarchies because some people have more money than others.

concept_name: Hierarchy


sentence: Power is energy per unit time.

sentences_after: The SI unit of power and electricity is the watt.

concept_name: power


sentence: Turbines are driven by a fluid which acts as an intermediate energy carrier.

headings:
Electricity generation
Methods of generating electricity
Turbines

sentences_before: Rotating turbines attached to electrical generators produce most commercially available electricity.

concept_name: turbine


sentence: Most wind turbines generate electricity from naturally occurring wind.

sentences_after: Solar updraft towers use wind that is artificially produced inside the chimney by heating it with sunlight.

concept_name: wind turbine


sentence: Lullabies always have a gentle, rocking rhythm with a simple accompaniment.

frequency: always

concept_name: lullaby


sentence: Logo is usually an interpreted language.

sentences_before: There are three Logo textbooks that can be downloaded free.

concept_name: logo


sentence: Linked lists are a very important data structure in Lisp.

concept_name: linked list


sentence: Power is defined formally as units of energy per unit time.


sentence: Nausea is a symptom, rather than an illness or disease.

sentences_after: The causes for it very often are not in the stomach itself, but somewhere else in the body.

sentences_after: Nausea is often caused by a stomach virus.

sentences_after: Nausea is usually harmless, in the short term.

sentences_after: Nausea can also occur during pregnancy, and is quite normal in that context.

concept_name: nausea


sentence: Nausea is usually harmless, in the short term.

sentences_before: Nausea is a symptom, rather than an illness or disease.

sentences_before: The causes for it very often are not in the stomach itself, but somewhere else in the body.

sentences_before: Nausea is often caused by a stomach virus.


sentence: Nausea can also occur during pregnancy, and is quite normal in that context.

sentences_before: Nausea is usually harmless, in the short term.


sentence: Proposals run for three weeks.

headings:
Wikipedia:Proposed very good articles
Proposals for very good articles

sentences_before: To propose an article for Very Good article status, just add it to the top of the list using the code below.

sentences_before: You may have 'one' nomination open at a time only.

sentences_after: After this time the article will be either promoted or not promoted depending on the consensus reached in the discussion.

concept_name: proposal


sentence: Many people see it as the unofficial image of Spain.

sentences_before: Osborne's bull' was created as an advertisement for a sherry in 1956.

sentences_after: The bulls used today are about 14 metres high, and are made out of about 70 plates of iron.

concept_name: people


sentence: Solar cookers are an inexpensive and environmentally sound alternative to traditional ovens.

headings:
Solar energy
Types of technologies
Solar cooking

sentences_before: Solar cooking uses the sun as the source of energy instead of standard cooking fuels such as charcoal, coal or gas.

sentences_after: They are becoming widely used in areas of the developing world where deforestation is an issue, financial resources to purchase fuel are limited, and where open flames would pose a serious risk to people and the environment.

concept_name: solar cooker


sentence: Solar cells have many applications.

headings:
Solar energy
Types of technologies
Solar cells

sentences_after: They have long been used in situations where electrical power from the grid is unavailable, such as in remote area power systems, Earth-orbiting satellites and space probes, consumer systems, e.g. handheld calculators or wrist watches, remote radiotelephones and water pumping applications.

concept_name: solar cell


sentence: Cells require protection from the environment and are usually packaged tightly behind a glass sheet.

headings:
Photovoltaics
Solar Cells

sentences_before: Solar cells can be used to power tools or to recharge a battery.

sentences_before: The first actual request of photovoltaics was to power orbiting satellites and other spacecrafts, but today the most photovoltaic modules are used for grid connected power creation.

sentences_before: In this case a tool called an inverter is required to convert the direct current to alternating current.

sentences_after: When more power is required than a single cell can give off, cells are electrically connected together to form photovoltaic modules, or solar panels.

sentences_after: A single module is enough to power an emergency telephone, but for a house or a power plant the modules must be arranged in multiples as arrays.

concept_name: cell


sentence: Solar cells have many apps.

headings:
Solar cell
Solar cells applications

sentences_after: More recently, they are starting to be used in assemblies of solar modules connected to the electricity grid through an inverter, often in combination with a net metering anger magnegment.


sentence: Solar cells are regarded as one of the key technologies towards a sustainable energy supply.


sentence: White holes are the exact opposites of black holes.

sentences_after: A black holes sucks in energy and a white hole expels energy.

sentences_after: Some scientists even believe you can make a wormhole if you connect a white hole and a black hole.

sentences_after: Or, if you connected a white hole from the past, and connected it to a black hole today, you could theoretically create a time machine.

concept_name: white hole


sentence: Some snowmobiles have skis in the front for steering.

sentences_before: A 'snowmobile' is a motorized vehicle used for travelling over snow.

sentences_before: It is like a car, only instead of wheels, it has treads.

concept_name: snowmobile


sentence: Snowmobile studs made from steel or stainless steel with carbide tips are installed in the tread.

sentences_after: The studs are designed for specific terrains in varying lengths, shapes and materials.

sentences_after: The studs control acceleration, deceleration and maneuverability.

sentences_after: The correct amount and type of stud installed in an effective pattern will produce the best traction results.

concept_name: snowmobile stud


sentence: Archaeology shows that many people lived here during the Roman occupation.

sentences_before: Clevedon' is a town in the county of Somerset, in England.

sentences_after: The town of today was not built until around 1800 as a seaside resort.

concept_name: archaeology


sentence: Quotients also come up in certain tests, like the IQ test, which stands for intelligence quotient.

sentences_after: In this case, your quotient is basically your score.

sentences_after: In recent decades, as people begin to emphasize full personal development, other similar quotients appeared.

concept_name: quotient


sentence: Aboriginal people come from all over the region to use the town's services.

headings:
Alice Springs
The people
Aboriginal population

sentences_before: Alice Springs is the business centre of Central Australia.

sentences_after: Some live farther out at Amoonguna to the south.

sentences_after: Many live on the small family outstation communities on Aboriginal Lands in surrounding areas.

concept_name: aboriginal people


sentence: Aerotolerant organisms are strictly fermentative.

sentences_before: Obligate anaerobes may use fermentation or anaerobic respiration.

sentences_after: Microaerophiles carry out aerobic respiration, and some of them can also do anaerobic respiration.

concept_name: aerotolerant organism


sentence: Some people even enjoy buttering their scones for themselves.

sentences_before: It is made of wheat, barley, or oatmeal and baking powder to make it rise.

sentences_before: The scone is shaped closely like the North American biscuit, and its recipe is almost the same with it as well.

sentences_before: Sometimes scones may have raisins, currants, cheese, or dates in them.

sentences_before: In the United States, however, scones include more sweet kind of fillings like cranberries, chocolate chips, or nuts.

sentences_before: They can often be found in coffee shops and in a great variety in the British Isles.


sentence: Scone can also be a slang word for 'head', 'insane', or 'angry'.

headings: Scone Etymology

concept_name: scone


sentence: Some people also add flavourings to whipped cream, such as vanilla.

headings:
Whipped cream
Preparation

sentences_before: To make whipped cream, a person whips or beats the heavy cream with a whisk or an electric mixer until it becomes fluffy and filled with air.

sentences_before: For some desserts, people add icing sugar as a sweetener.


sentence: Whipped cream is used in many types of desserts.

headings:
Whipped cream
Serving

sentences_after: Some desserts, such as apple pie or strawberry shortcake, are often served with whipped cream on top.

sentences_after: Whipped cream is also served in milk shakes and on ice cream sundaes.

sentences_after: Some desserts have whipped cream inside them, such as cream puffs and eclairs.

concept_name: whipped cream


sentence: Many neurotoxins act by affecting voltage-dependent ion channels.

sentences_before: Many of the venoms and other toxins that organisms use in defense against vertebrates are neurotoxins.

sentences_before: A common effect is paralysis, which sets in extremely rapidly.

sentences_before: The venom of bees, scorpions, pufferfish, spiders and snakes can contain many different toxins.

concept_name: neurotoxin


sentence: Paralysis often includes loss of feeling in the affected area.

sentences_before: Paralysis is most often caused by damage to the nervous system or brain, especially the spinal cord.

frequency: often

concept_name: paralysis


sentence: Water divides several parts of the city.

headings:
New York City
Geography

categories: Cities with more than 500,000 inhabitants

sentences_after: Part of the Hudson River forms the border between Manhattan and the Bronx on one side, and the State of New Jersey on the other side.

sentences_after: The East River forms the border between Manhattan on one side, and Brooklyn and Queens on the other side.

sentences_after: Part of Long Island Sound forms the border between the Bronx and Queens.

sentences_after: Newtown Creek is part of the border between Brooklyn and Queens.

sentences_after: Some parts of the city are very separate from the others because of water, such as Far Rockaway in Queens and City Island in the Bronx.

concept_name: water


sentence: Vaporization is when a person is murdered by being turned into vapors.

sentences_before: In the George Orwell book Nineteen Eighty-Four, an 'Unperson' is someone who has been vaporized.

sentences_after: The point of this was that such a person would be gone from all citizens' memories, even friends and family.

sentences_after: There is no Newspeak word for what happened to unpeople, therefore it is thoughtcrime to say an unperson's name or think of unpeople.

concept_name: vaporization


sentence: Many users like to add userboxes to their user pages.

headings:
Wikipedia:User page
What 'can' I have on my user page?

sentences_after: These are similar to the Babel templates but are usually more about what users do on Wikipedia, what their interests are, their political and religious beliefs, etc.

sentences_after: Note that some userboxes also exist in user space, and a directory of them can be found here.

concept_name: user


sentence: Animal manure is often a mixture of animal's feces and bedding straw.

concept_name: animal manure


sentence: Carbohydrates are compounds made up of sugars.

headings:
Nutrient
Substances that provide energy

concept_name: carbohydrate


sentence: Proteins are organic compounds that consists of the amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

sentences_after: In nutrition, proteins are broken down through digestion back into free amino acids.

concept_name: protein


sentence: Fats consist of a glycerin molecule with three fatty acids attached.

sentences_after: Fats are needed to keep cell membranes functioning properly, to insulate body organs against shock, to keep body temperature stable, and to maintain healthy skin and hair.

sentences_after: The body does not manufacture certain fatty acids and the diet must supply these.

concept_name: fat


sentence: Minerals are generally trace elements, salts, or ions such as copper and iron.

headings:
Nutrient
Substances that support metabolism

sentences_after: These minerals are essential to human metabolism.

concept_name: mineral


sentence: Vitamins are organic compounds essential to the body.

sentences_after: They usually act as coenzymes or cofactors for various proteins in the body.

concept_name: vitamin


sentence: Winter cover crops such as oats or rye have long been used as green manures.

headings:
Green manure
Green manure crops

concept_name: winter


sentence: Normal distributions are a family of distributions of the same general form.

sentences_before: The 'normal distribution' is a probability distribution.

sentences_before: It is also called 'Gaussian distribution' because it was discovered by Carl Friedrich Gauss.

sentences_before: The normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution.

sentences_before: It is very important in many fields of science.

concept_name: normal distribution


sentence: Many values follow a normal distribution.

sentences_after: This is because of the central limit theorem, which says that if an event is the sum of other random events, it will be normally distributed.

concept_name: value


sentence: Insurance companies use normal distributions to model certain average cases.

concept_name: insurance company


sentence: Students learn about speech and different types of media.

sentences_before: Communication Studies' is a college or university area of study involving the study of communication.

concept_name: student


sentence: Infant mammals are fed on by milk from their mothers.

headings:
Lactose
Digestion of lactose

sentences_after: To digest it an enzyme called lactase cleaves the lactose into its two subunits glucose and galactose for absorption.

concept_name: infant mammal


sentence: Many pollutants have a poisonous effect on the body.

sentences_after: Carbon monoxide is an example of a substance which is damaging to humans.

sentences_after: This compound is taken up in the body instead of oxygen.

sentences_after: That makes the body  and in severe cases may lead to death.

concept_name: pollutant


sentence: Carbon monoxide is an example of a substance which is damaging to humans.

sentences_before: Many pollutants have a poisonous effect on the body.

concept_name: carbon monoxide


sentence: Spacecraft starting from the surface of Earth has a zero initial speed.

sentences_after: But, if it has enough fuel, it may be permanently accelerated by its engine until it reaches escape velocity.

sentences_after: Then it will travel into space even after the engine is shut off.

concept_name: spacecraft


sentence: Electric razors use electricity to either make blades rotate or oscillate.

headings:
Razor
Electric razors
For face and body hair

sentences_before: The electric razor was the next big step.

sentences_before: With electric razors, shaving cream, soap or water is no longer needed.

sentences_after: The razor is usually powered by a rechargeable battery.

sentences_after: Alexandre Horowitz invented the concept of rotating blades which is still marketed  as 'Philishave' by Philips.

concept_name: electric razor


sentence: Equatorial Guinea becomes independent.

headings:
October
Selection of Historical Events

concept_name: Equatorial Guinea


sentence: Many mood stabilizers can also prevent convulsions.

sentences_before: A 'mood stabilizer' is a psychiatric medication used to treat mood disorders characterized by fast and unstable mood changes.

sentences_before: One of the disorders treated is bipolar disorder.

sentences_before: With that condition, the mood can change rapidly, between mania and depression.

concept_name: mood stabilizer


sentence: Sea cucumbers live on the floor of the ocean.

sentences_before: Sea cucumbers' are a class of echinoderms, the 'Holothuroidea'.

sentences_before: They have a longish body, and leathery skin.

sentences_after: There are about 1500 species of sea cucumbers.

sentences_after: Sea cucumbers have a unique respiratory system, and effective defences against predators.

concept_name: sea cucumber


sentence: Most sea cucumbers are scavengers.

sentences_before: Sea cucumbers live on the floor of the ocean.


sentence: Sea cucumbers have a unique respiratory system, and effective defences against predators.

sentences_before: There are about 1500 species of sea cucumbers.


sentence: Sea cucumbers communicate with each other by sending hormone signals through the water.

headings:
Sea cucumber
Overview


sentence: Sea cucumbers have between ten and thirty such tentacles, depending on the species.

headings:
Sea cucumber
Overview
Feeding

sentences_before: Highly modified tube feet around the mouth are always present.

sentences_before: These are  branched and retractile tentacles, much larger than the regular tube feet.

sentences_after: There is a ring of larger ossicles round the mouth and oesophagus to which the muscles of the tube feet are attached.

sentences_after: With their sticky tentacles the animal collects detritus and small organisms.


sentence: Starches are insoluble in water.

headings: Polysaccharide Starches

sentences_after: They can be digested by hydrolysis, catalyzed by enzymes called amylases.

sentences_after: Humans and other animals have amylases, so they can digest starches.

sentences_after: Potato, rice, wheat, and maize are major sources of starch in the human diet.

concept_name: starch


sentence: Wood is largely cellulose and lignin, while paper and cotton are nearly pure cellulose.

headings: Polysaccharide Cellulose

sentences_before: The structural components of plants are formed primarily from cellulose.

sentences_after: Cellulose is a polymer made with repeated glucose units.

sentences_after: Humans and many other animals do not digest cellulose.

sentences_after: Certain animals can digest cellulose, because bacteria possessing the enzyme are present in their gut.

concept_name: wood


sentence: Chinchillas live in colonies.

sentences_before: In their usual habitat, chinchillas live either in burrows, or in crevices of rocks.

sentences_before: They are good jumpers, and can jump very high.

sentences_after: The females are much bigger than the males.

sentences_after: Predators in the wild include hawks, skunks, felines, and canines.

concept_name: chinchilla


sentence: All gerbils are adapted to arid habitats.

sentences_before: There are approximately 110 species of gerbils.

sentences_after: At one time, gerbils were known as 'Desert rats'.

sentences_after: Most gerbils are diurnal, some are crepuscular.

sentences_after: The gerbil is native to Central Asia, India, the Middle East, and Africa.

sentences_after: The average length of a gerbil is usually between six and twelve inches, this includes the tail which makes up one half of the total length.

sentences_after: The gerbil is also a common household pet.

number: all

concept_name: gerbil


sentence: Most gerbils are diurnal, some are crepuscular.

sentences_before: All gerbils are adapted to arid habitats.

sentences_before: At one time, gerbils were known as 'Desert rats'.


sentence: Guitarists sometimes play arpeggios instead of strumming, and banjo players do it a lot.

sentences_before: Learning many musical instruments include playing scales and arpeggios.

sentences_before: They are often played as part of music examinations, especially for piano and the string instruments.

sentences_before: This is because these skills are useful for playing a lot of music.

frequency: sometimes

concept_name: guitarist


sentence: Some archaeologists study things that are now underwater.

headings:
Archaeology
Fields of interest

sentences_before: Archaeologists do not all study the same civilizations, they specialize in different areas of interest.

sentences_before: Archaeologists study every civilization that is known, especially the ones where there is no written history.

sentences_after: They search for sunken ships or cities that have been lost under the sea.

concept_name: archaeologist


sentence: Leptospirosis is a relatively rare bacterial infection in humans.

concept_name: leptospirosis


sentence: Firewalls can provide a secure connection between two networks.

headings:
Firewall (networking)
Other things firewalls are used for
Tunnelling

sentences_after: Since the firewalls are doing this, the rest of the network is unaware of it.

concept_name: firewall


sentence: Some large males weigh over , so it is the second-largest living cat after the tiger.

sentences_after: Today, wild lions live in sub-Saharan Africa and in Asia.

sentences_after: An endangered remnant population resides in Gir Forest National Park in India Lions are adapted for life in grasslands and mixed areas with trees and grass.

sentences_after: The relatively small females are fast runners over short distances, and co-ordinate their hunting of herd animals.

concept_name: large male


sentence: Lions live in groups that are called prides.

headings: Lion Behaviour

sentences_after: Each pride has a home area that is called its territory.

sentences_after: This however, is usually carried out by competing males.

concept_name: lion


sentence: Lions appear in heraldry more often than any other animal.

headings:
Lion
Lions in heraldry

sentences_after: They traditionally symbolise courage, valour and royalty.


sentence: Chocolate syrup is used in many different types of drinks.

headings:
Chocolate syrup
Used in drinks

sentences_after: Coffee shops add chocolate syrup and other flavored syrups  to coffee drinks.

sentences_after: Ice cream parlors add chocolate syrup to milk shakes.

concept_name: chocolate syrup


sentence: Coffee shops add chocolate syrup and other flavored syrups  to coffee drinks.

sentences_before: Chocolate syrup is used in many different types of drinks.

concept_name: coffee shop


sentence: Larger fields are easier to manage and more economical.

headings: Flurbereinigung History

sentences_before: Since the 1960s, people understood that it would be much easier for a farmer to have all his fields together so that he did not have to keep making journeys between lots of small fields.

sentences_after: The German government encouraged farmers to swap some of their fields among themselves so that each farmer had his land all in one place.

concept_name: larger field


sentence: Nature often suffers when hedgerows are taken away to make fields bigger.

sentences_before: In the last few years the government have realized that the way the changes have been made are not always good.

sentences_after: Flurbereinigung today tries to keep some of the hedgerows and small groups of trees which sometimes stand in the middle of fields.

sentences_after: They are good places for birds to nest and other animals like to live there, too.

concept_name: nature


sentence: L is the symbol for litre, a unit of volume.

headings:
L
Meanings for L

concept_name: l


sentence: Most airlines offer regular flights between a group of airports.

concept_name: airline


sentence: Atoms are the most simple blocks that make up matter.

sentences_before: Demonstration of the nuclear fuel cycle.'Nuclear energy' is the energy that holds together the nucleii of atoms.

sentences_after: Every atom has in its center a very small nucleus.

sentences_after: Normally, nuclear energy is hidden inside the atoms.

sentences_after: However, some atoms are radioactive and send off part of their nuclear energy as radiation.

sentences_after: Radiation is given off from the nucleus of unstable isotopes of radioactive substances.

concept_name: atom


sentence: Radiation is given off from the nucleus of unstable isotopes of radioactive substances.

sentences_before: Atoms are the most simple blocks that make up matter.

sentences_before: Every atom has in its center a very small nucleus.

sentences_before: Normally, nuclear energy is hidden inside the atoms.

sentences_before: However, some atoms are radioactive and send off part of their nuclear energy as radiation.

concept_name: radiation


sentence: Fusion is the source of heat in the sun.

sentences_before: Nuclear fusion is the combining of two atoms into one and nuclear fission is the splitting of an atom.

sentences_after: Fission is also used in nuclear power plants to make electricity.

sentences_after: Both fusion and fission can be used in nuclear weapons.

concept_name: fusion


sentence: People can cross the bridge by car, walking or by train.

sentences_before: The 'Sydney Harbour Bridge', in Sydney Harbour, is a bridge that joins north Sydney with south Sydney.

sentences_after: The scenery attracts many tourists and people living in or near the city.

sentences_after: One of the many attractions of the Harbour Bridge is its famous 'BridgeClimb'.

sentences_after: Luna Park Sydney is located next to the bridge.

concept_name: People


sentence: Bondi beach is one of the world's greatest beaches, and is one of Sydney's main tourist attractions.

concept_name: bondi beach


sentence: Caecilians have no limbs.

headings: Caecilian Anatomy

sentences_after: For this reason, the smaller species look like worms, while the larger species with lengths up to 1.5 m look similar to snakes.

sentences_after: The tail is short and the cloaca is near the end of the body.

sentences_after: Their skin is smooth and usually dark in colour.

sentences_after: Some species have colorful skins, though.

concept_name: caecilian


sentence: Some species have colorful skins, though.

sentences_before: For this reason, the smaller species look like worms, while the larger species with lengths up to 1.5 m look similar to snakes.

sentences_before: The tail is short and the cloaca is near the end of the body.

sentences_before: Their skin is smooth and usually dark in colour.

sentences_after: Due to their underground life the eyes are small.

sentences_after: Skin often covers them, to protect them.

sentences_after: This has led to the idea that they are blind, which is not the case.

sentences_after: Because of the skin cover, their 'seeing' is limited to simple dark-light perception.

concept_name: specie


sentence: Caecilians are the only order of amphibians which only use internal insemination.

headings: Caecilian Reproduction

sentences_after: The male Caecilians have a penis-like organ, the phallodeum, which is inserted into the cloaca of the female for 2 to 3 hours.

sentences_after: For some species the young caecilians are already metamorphosed when they hatch, other hatch as larvae.

sentences_after: The larvae are not fully aquatic, but spend the daytime in the soil near the water.

sentences_after: Encyclopedia of reptiles and amphibians'.


sentence: Nylon is like silk in appearance.

sentences_before: Nylon is a silky material which was first used in toothbrushes.

sentences_before: It is found in clothes, most polyamide that is produced is used for synthetic fibres in clothing.

sentences_before: Nylon can also be used to make war materials, such as parachutes and ropes.

sentences_after: It is used in manufacture of string, ropes, string for tyres, carpet, net for fishing and cloth or parachute.

concept_name: nylon


sentence: Mittens are similar to gloves, in that they cover the hand and help to keep it warm in cold weather.

sentences_before: A 'mitten' is a type of protective clothing used to cover the hand.

sentences_after: However, while gloves have coverings for four fingers and a thumb, mittens only have a covering for all of the fingers, and for the thumb.

concept_name: mitten


sentence: Mittens keep a person's hands warm in very cold weather better than gloves.

headings:
Mitten
For sports

sentences_after: For this reason, people who do sports in very cold temperatures often wear mittens instead of gloves.

sentences_after: Arctic explorers and snowmobile drivers in Northern Canada usually wear mittens in the extreme cold.


sentence: Mountain climbers use the strength of their arms and legs to climb up mountains.

sentences_before: A 'mountain climber' is a person who goes up mountains and cliffs.

sentences_after: Many mountain climbers use ropes and wear special shoes and safety equipment.

concept_name: mountain climber


sentence: Many mountain climbers use ropes and wear special shoes and safety equipment.

sentences_before: Mountain climbers use the strength of their arms and legs to climb up mountains.


sentence: Most mountain climbers go up mountains as a hobby or as a recreational activity.

headings:
Mountain climber
Why do people climb mountains?

sentences_after: They get paid by outdoor clothing companies or universities to climb up mountains, or they are hired as a guide by recreational mountain climbers.


sentence: Metaphors are very common examples.

sentences_after: This does not mean that a person threw a protective wrist-covering down on the ground.

concept_name: metaphor


sentence: Diving suits help insulate the diver from the cold temperature of the water.

sentences_before: A 'diving suit' is a type of protective clothing worn by scuba divers when they swim underwater in oceans, lakes, and rivers.

sentences_after: There are several types of diving suits, including wetsuits and dry suits.

concept_name: diving suit


sentence: Any media can be open content, from text and pictures to video and sound.

number: any

concept_name: medium


sentence: Spacesuits have their own heating and cooling systems and a radio communication system.

sentences_before: A 'spacesuit' is an article of protective clothing worn by astronauts when they travel into outer space or into the upper atmosphere.

sentences_before: Spacesuits are completely sealed, so that an astronaut can survive in the harsh, cold, and airless environment of space.

sentences_after: Spacesuits also provide a supply of fresh air for the astronauts to breathe and create a normal atmospheric pressure.

sentences_after: Spacesuits cover the entire body, and they have gloves for the hands and a helmet for the head, including a clear visor for the face.

sentences_after: Astronauts wear spacesuits when they fly in the space shuttle, rockets, or space stations.

concept_name: spacesuit


sentence: Astronauts wear spacesuits when they fly in the space shuttle, rockets, or space stations.

sentences_before: Spacesuits have their own heating and cooling systems and a radio communication system.

sentences_before: Spacesuits also provide a supply of fresh air for the astronauts to breathe and create a normal atmospheric pressure.

sentences_before: Spacesuits cover the entire body, and they have gloves for the hands and a helmet for the head, including a clear visor for the face.

concept_name: astronaut


sentence: Weasels are famous for their cleverness and guile.

sentences_before: They have long slender bodies, which enable them to follow their prey into burrows.

concept_name: weasel


sentence: Passports are given by national governments.

sentences_before: A 'passport' is a travel document that says that the person carrying it is a citizen of the country on the passport.

sentences_before: A passport asks that the person carrying it be allowed to enter and pass through other countries.

sentences_before: They also allow a person to re-enter their country.

concept_name: passport


sentence: Dingos are similar to domestic dogs.

sentences_after: Dingos were brought to Australia from South-East Asia about 4000 years ago.

sentences_after: They are not found in Tasmania as the sea levels cut the island off from mainland Australia about 10,000 years ago.

sentences_after: Most dingos in the wild are no longer purebreed dingos.

sentences_after: This was to show it is related to the white footed wolf which lives in Asia.

concept_name: dingo


sentence: Dingos are protected in national parks and reserves.

headings:
Dingo
Managing dingos

sentences_before: While some people keep dingos as pets, they are regarded as a pest by farmers.

sentences_before: The dingo fence which runs through South Australia, and then along the New South Wales border through to central Queensland is the world's longest fence.


sentence: Viruses are much smaller than bacteria.

sentences_after: They were not visible until the invention of the electron microscope.

sentences_after: It has no internal cellular structure, no cell wall or cell membrane.

sentences_after: They are made of only a protein coat that holds a string of nucleic acid.

concept_name: virus


sentence: Some specialised viruses are worth noting.

sentences_after: Envelope viruses', when they reproduce, cover themselves with a modified form of the host cell membrane, thus gaining an outer lipid layer that helps entry.

concept_name: specialised virus


sentence: Antibiotics have no effect on viruses, but several antiviral drugs have been developed.

sentences_before: Viral infections in animals provoke an immune response that usually eliminates the infecting virus.

sentences_before: Immune responses can also be produced by vaccines, which confer an artificially acquired immunity to the specific viral infection.

sentences_before: However, some viruses including those causing AIDS and viral hepatitis evade these immune responses and result in chronic infections.

concept_name: antibiotic


sentence: Plants have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, and fungi one of chitin.

headings:
Virus
Replication cycle

sentences_before: The infection of plant and fungal cells is different from that of animal cells.

sentences_after: The damage done to cell walls would let the virus get in.

sentences_after: Bacteria, like plants, have strong cell walls that a virus must breach to infect the cell.

concept_name: plant


sentence: Vertebrates have a second, more specific, immune system.

headings:
Virus
Host defence mechanisms
Adaptive immune system

sentences_after: It is called the adaptive immune system.

sentences_after: When it meets a virus, it produces specific antibodies that bind to the virus and render it non-infectious.

concept_name: vertebrate


sentence: Viruses are used widely in cell biology.

headings: Virus Uses

sentences_after: Geneticists often use viruses as vectors to introduce genes into cells that they are studying.

sentences_after: This is useful for making the cell produce a foreign substance, or to study the effect of introducing a new gene into the genome.

sentences_after: Eastern European scientists have used phage therapy as an alternative to antibiotics for some time, and interest in this approach is increasing, because of the high level of antibiotic resistance now found in some pathogenic bacteria.


sentence: Geneticists often use viruses as vectors to introduce genes into cells that they are studying.

sentences_before: Viruses are used widely in cell biology.

concept_name: geneticist


sentence: Microprocessors help to do everything from writing to searching the Web.

sentences_before: A 'microprocessor' is an electronic component that is used by a computer to do its work.

sentences_before: It is a central processing unit on a single integrated circuit chip containing millions of very small components including transistors, resistors, and diodes that work together.

concept_name: microprocessor


sentence: Microprocessors are made from silicon, quartz, metals, and other chemicals.

headings:
Microprocessor
Facts and figures


sentence: Microprocessors are classified by the size of their data bus or address bus.

sentences_after: They are also grouped into CISC and RISC types.


sentence: Green trails are easiest, blue trails are more difficult, and black trails are rated most difficult.

headings:
Skiing
Downhill skiing

sentences_before: Each trail is marked with a sign that shows how difficult that particular run will be.

sentences_before: Three different colors are used to rate the difficulty of the trail.

sentences_after: The colors which represent a trail will also be seen in a shape.

concept_name: green trail


sentence: Green circles are the easiest trail.

sentences_after: They have a very shallow slope, and the runs are very smooth.

sentences_after: They are very wide, and are easily accessed.

sentences_after: They are used by beginner skiers to learn.

concept_name: green circle


sentence: Red trails are more difficult.

sentences_after: The trail is often longer and steeper and sometimes are less smooth than other runs.

sentences_after: These are advised for more advanced skiers.

sentences_after: Different ski resorts call them different things, such as double blue square trails.

concept_name: red trail


sentence: Red trails are rare.

sentences_before: The trail is often longer and steeper and sometimes are less smooth than other runs.

sentences_before: These are advised for more advanced skiers.


sentence: Skiers ski anywhere where there is snow.

headings:
Skiing
Cross country skiing

sentences_before: Cross country skiing is a sport of endurance.

sentences_after: This is usually through a scenic forest or town.

concept_name: skier


sentence: Alpine skiing is a contest of speed.

headings:
Skiing
Alpine skiing

sentences_after: Racers go through the course with red and blue gates and go down to the goal fast as they can.

concept_name: alpine skiing


sentence: Racers go through the course with red and blue gates and go down to the goal fast as they can.

concept_name: racer


sentence: Heat has no mass.

headings:
Heat
Properties of Heat

sentences_before: Heat is a form of energy and not a physical substance.

concept_name: heat


sentence: Red dwarfs burn their fuel slowly, so they shine with less light than hot stars.

sentences_before: Red dwarf stars are smaller than half the size of the Sun.

concept_name: red dwarfs


sentence: Red dwarfs can live trillions of years, much longer than brighter stars.

headings:
Red dwarf
Life and death

sentences_after: A red dwarf dies when it burns all of its fuel.

sentences_after: To start with, the fuel is the chemical element hydrogen.

sentences_after: At present, no red dwarf star is known which has gone beyond this stage.


sentence: Different countries have different voting systems.

sentences_before: The 'voting system' is a set of rules about the way people vote and how the votes are counted.

sentences_after: There are many different types of voting system.

concept_name: different country


sentence: Some people argue which language is the easiest to spell.

headings:
Orthography
Dictionaries and phonetics

sentences_after: However, for the learner, programmatic languages, with well-defined rules, are easier to start with than English.

sentences_after: The spelling of the English language is by far the most irregular of all alphabetic spellings and thus the most difficult to learn.

sentences_after: English is, in its origin, a Germanic language.

concept_name: people


sentence: Some languages have a high correspondence between phonemes and letters.

headings:
Orthography
Differences between languages

sentences_after: That means they get close to one letter for each sound.

sentences_after: If there was a perfect correspondence, that language would have 'phonemic orthography'.

concept_name: language


sentence: Different groups have their own sets of beliefs and practices.

sentences_after: Neo-Nazis often use the symbols of Nazi Germany such as the Swastika.

concept_name: different group


sentence: Proteins are polymers of amino acids.

headings: Biochemistry Macromolecules Proteins

sentences_after: There are twenty different common types of amino acid.

sentences_after: Broadly speaking, they have two kinds of function.

sentences_after: Muscle, for example, is mainly made of protein.

concept_name: protein


sentence: Polysaccharides are long molecules made from many units joined together.

sentences_before: Carbohydrates include sugars and starches.

sentences_before: Examples of monosaccharides are glucose and fructose.

sentences_after: Examples are starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

sentences_after: Carbohydrates have a number of functions, but the most important is to act as a ready source of energy for the body's metabolism.

sentences_after: By breaking the chemical bonds in carbohydrates, energy is released and can be used by the body.

concept_name: polysaccharide


sentence: Examples are starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

sentences_before: Polysaccharides are long molecules made from many units joined together.

concept_name: example


sentence: Lipids are fats, and waxes.

headings: Biochemistry Macromolecules Lipids

sentences_after: Saturated lipids contain single bonds, and are found in butter and lard.

sentences_after: Unsaturated lipids have one or more double bonds.

sentences_after: The human body stores lipids as an energy source.

sentences_after: When the body needs a large amount of energy, lipid molecules are broken down to release that energy.

concept_name: lipid


sentence: Saturated lipids contain single bonds, and are found in butter and lard.

concept_name: saturated lipid


sentence: Unsaturated lipids have one or more double bonds.

sentences_before: Saturated lipids contain single bonds, and are found in butter and lard.

concept_name: unsaturated lipid


sentence: Most people only have to follow the ideas.

headings:
Sermon on the Mount
Interpretation

sentences_before: It thinks some parts of the teachings are general ideas and other parts are instructions.

sentences_before: A person must follow the general ideas to be saved, but following the instructions is only need if the person is trying to be perfect.

sentences_after: The instructions only have to be followed by a very few holy few, for example, the clergy and monks.

sentences_after: It was later changed by St. Thomas Aquinas.


sentence: Modern cryptography is a mix of mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering.

sentences_before: It is sometimes called 'code breaking', but this is not really a correct name.

sentences_before: It is the science used to try to keep information secret and safe.

concept_name: modern cryptography


sentence: Asymmetric cryptography is harder to use.

headings:
Cryptography
Types of Cryptography
Asymmetric

sentences_after: Each person who wants to use asymmetric cryptography uses a secret number, and a different number that they can tell everyone.

sentences_after: If someone else wants to send this person a message, they'll use the number they've been told to hide the message.

sentences_after: Now the message cannot be revealed, even by the sender, but the receiver can easily reveal the message with his secret number.

sentences_after: This way, nobody else needs to know the secret.

concept_name: asymmetric cryptography


sentence: Some private chapels are as large as very large churches.

headings:
Chapel
Private chapels
Large chapels

sentences_after: Because these large chapels can only be built by very rich people, they often have magnificent architecture or very rich decoration.

concept_name: private chapel


sentence: Many chapels have a special purpose in the church.

headings:
Chapel
Chapels at churches
Special chapels

sentences_after: One of the most important uses for a small chapel within a church is to store the Sacrament, the wine and bread or wafer which is used for Holy Communion.

sentences_after: Some chapels are designed to remind worshippers of a particular part of the 'Life of Christ', particularly the Crucifixion or Resurrection, or celebrate a certain Feast Day in the Church Year, such as the 'Assumption of the Virgin'.

concept_name: chapel


sentence: Some oils are made from plants and used in foods and for cooking.

concept_name: oil


sentence: People use large oil wells to bring the oil to the top of the ground.

sentences_after: Plastics are also normally made from crude oil.

sentences_after: Oils from crude oil are also used as fuels for engines or to make the parts of machines work together without sticking or stopping.

concept_name: People


sentence: Some flasks have more than one neck and opening at the top.

sentences_before: A 'flask' is a type of container made of glass.

sentences_before: They are a common piece of apparatus used in laboratories.

sentences_before: Their shape depends on what they are used for, but they usually consist of a wider body, which contains the materials, and a more narrow neck with an opening at the top.

sentences_before: The opening is the way to insert materials into the body.

concept_name: flask


sentence: Flasks are used to contain substances.

sentences_after: They can be used to heat the substance inside of them.

sentences_after: There are many different types of laboratory flasks.

sentences_after: They differ in their shape and what they are used for.


sentence: Rivers are an important way to move in Laos.

headings: Laos Provinces

concept_name: river


sentence: Wind turbines are popular with people in Denmark.

concept_name: wind turbine


sentence: Homeless counts are required by the government agencies that deal with homelessness.

headings:
Homelessness
Homeless people

sentences_before: There are tough questions in sorting out homeless people even when trying to create programs and services to help them.

concept_name: homeless count


sentence: Some people prefer to use the term 'birth name' instead of 'maiden name'.

sentences_after: The phrase 'birth name' can be used by a man if he changes his name when marrying.

concept_name: people


sentence: Many media players use libraries.

headings:
Media player
List of media players

sentences_after: The library helps you organize, or catalog, your music into categories such as genre, year, rating or other.

sentences_after: Good examples of media players that include media libraries are Winamp, Windows Media Player, iTunes, RealPlayer, Amarok and ALLPlayer.

concept_name: media player


sentence: Organisms are a biotic, or living, part of the environment.

sentences_before: It is easy to recognise a living thing, but not so easy to define it.

sentences_before: Animals and plants are organisms, obviously.

sentences_after: Rocks and sunshine are parts of the non-living environment.

concept_name: organism


sentence: Organisms usually have five basic needs.

sentences_after: However, not all living things need all these at the same time.

sentences_after: Many organisms do not need access to air at all.

frequency: usually


sentence: Some organisms are made up of millions of cells.

sentences_after: Many can be seen without using a microscope.


sentence: Batteries also have chemical potential energy.

sentences_before: Food that we eat has chemical potential energy.

concept_name: battery


sentence: Potential energy is divided into three different types of energy.

concept_name: potential energy


sentence: Work is defined as force over a distance, and work is another word for energy.

headings:
Potential energy
Gravitational Potential Energy

concept_name: work


sentence: Ships are used for travel, trade and war.

sentences_before: A 'ship' is a large vehicle used to travel on water.

concept_name: ship


sentence: Most modern ships have diesel engines.

headings:
Ship
History
Modern ships

concept_name: modern ship


sentence: Some boats have sails, some are powered by rowing with oars, and some use motors.

sentences_before: A 'boat' is a vehicle used to travel on water.

concept_name: boat


sentence: Formations are when the aircraft fly in a pattern.

sentences_before: Aircraft in an air force sometimes fly in a formation.

concept_name: formation


sentence: Air forces is part of the military.

sentences_before: Formations are when the aircraft fly in a pattern.

concept_name: air force


sentence: Fishermen also use anchovies as bait for larger fish such as tuna and sea bass.

headings:
Anchovy
As a food source

sentences_before: In Roman times, they were the base for the fermented fish sauce called 'garum' that was a staple of cuisine and an item of long-distance commerce produced in industrial quantities.

sentences_before: Today they are a key ingredient in Caesar salad and Spaghetti alla Puttanesca, and are often used as a pizza topping.

sentences_before: The flat fillets are usually more salty than the rolled anchovies.

sentences_before: They are also marketed in jars and tubes as a paste, mostly for use in making sauces, such as anchovy essence.

concept_name: fisherman


sentence: Morocco now leads the world in canned anchovies.

sentences_before: The European anchovy, 'Engraulis encrasicolus', is the anchovy of commerce.

sentences_after: The anchovy industry along the coast of Cantabria now dwarfs the traditional Catalan salters, though the industry was only started in Cantabria by Sicilian salters in the mid 19th century.

concept_name: Morocco


sentence: Anchovies can concentrate domoic acid which causes amnesic shellfish poisoning.

concept_name: anchovy


sentence: Aborigines also have their own type of art.

sentences_before: They used weapons like boomerangs to kill animals for food.

sentences_before: Many of them suffered when Europeans from Britain arrived in Australia, because of disease and the loss of their hunting lands.

concept_name: aborigine


sentence: Clams eat plankton, and are eaten by small sharks and squid.

sentences_before: Clams can be found in saltwater and freshwater.

sentences_after: They may be found on menus in restaurants that serve seafood.

sentences_after: Clams are a fairly common form of bivalve, therefore making it part of the phylum mollusca.

sentences_after: There are many clams in the ocean, but some can also be found in some lakes, streams, and rivers.

concept_name: clam


sentence: Clams are a fairly common form of bivalve, therefore making it part of the phylum mollusca.

sentences_before: Clams eat plankton, and are eaten by small sharks and squid.

sentences_before: They may be found on menus in restaurants that serve seafood.


sentence: Clams have a burrowing foot that they use to dig down into the sand or mud to hide.

headings:
Clam
Clinging clams

sentences_after: If you go to the beach and see little holes that appear in the sand each times the waves go away, it is probable that clams made them.

sentences_after: Scientists classify clams by how far down they dig and what kind of surface they dig into.

sentences_after: Some burrow less than an inch under the sand, while others dig several inches below the surface.


sentence: Scientists classify clams by how far down they dig and what kind of surface they dig into.

sentences_before: Clams have a burrowing foot that they use to dig down into the sand or mud to hide.

sentences_before: If you go to the beach and see little holes that appear in the sand each times the waves go away, it is probable that clams made them.

concept_name: scientist


sentence: Animals hunted include flies, wasps, bees, locusts, beetles, caterpillars, dragonflies and spiders.

headings: Hornet Prey

sentences_before: Hornets and yellowjackets are good for gardens.

sentences_before: This is because their prey is mostly made of insects which are considered pests.

sentences_before: They also feed on bees, but their colonies only last for a year, they die in winter.

concept_name: animal


sentence: Hornets have a stinger.

headings:
Hornet
Hornets and people
Stings

sentences_after: They use this to kill prey, and to defend themselves.

concept_name: hornet


sentence: Hornets can alert the whole nest.

sentences_after: This means that all workers there will defend it.


sentence: Nuclear fusion is what makes stars glow.

sentences_after: Brown dwarfs are not massive enough to do this, so they are not regular stars.

sentences_after: On the other hand, they are not regular giant planets, because they do glow.

concept_name: nuclear fusion


sentence: All large companies have headquarter which control the business.

sentences_after: A large non-governmental organization also has a headquarter from where its activities are controlled.

sentences_after: The term is also used regarding military organizations.

concept_name: large company


sentence: Euclidean geometry is a first-order theory.

headings:
Euclidean geometry
Status

concept_name: euclidean geometry


sentence: Oxymorons sometimes appear in jokes.

sentences_after: Sometimes, the joke is just to say that a pair of words are an oxymoron.

sentences_after: This means that politicians are dishonest, if the word 'politician' is opposite to 'honest'.

concept_name: oxymoron


sentence: Feijoa fruit have a distinctive smell.

headings:
Feijoa
Description of fruit and plant

sentences_before: The fruit matures in autumn and is green, and about the size and shape of an egg.

sentences_before: The fruit drops when ripe, but can be picked from the tree before to prevent bruising.

sentences_after: The chemical methyl benzoate smells strongly of feijoas and the aroma of the fruit is caused mostly by this and other closely related chemicals.

concept_name: feijoa fruit


sentence: Some secret societies have secret handshakes to show they are part of the group.

concept_name: secret society


sentence: People wave by raising their hand and moving it from side to side.

sentences_before: A 'wave' is a movement of the hand that people use to greet each other or say goodbye.

sentences_after: They can also wave by moving their hand up and down.

sentences_after: The way that people wave generally depends on their culture.

concept_name: People


sentence: Database normalization is a method of designing good relational databases.

concept_name: database normalization


sentence: Clipboards are a little larger than a piece of paper.

sentences_after: They are used to support paper with one hand, while writing on the paper with the other hand.

sentences_after: Clipboards are often used in situations where a person may not be able to find a good writing surface.

concept_name: clipboard


sentence: Most clipboards are made of masonite or particleboard, two types of wood.

sentences_after: They can also be made from aluminum, steel, or acrylic, a type of plastic.


sentence: Painters talk about the texture of paintings.

headings: Texture Painting

sentences_after: This can be seen clearly in Pointillism which is a way of painting by using lots of little dots.

sentences_after: This gives the painting a very interesting texture.

concept_name: painter


sentence: Minimum wage is a relative term.

sentences_after: Different countries have different minimum wages.

concept_name: minimum wage


sentence: Different countries have different minimum wages.

concept_name: different country


sentence: Small communities exist in Europe as well, especially in France, Portugal and Hungary.

sentences_before: Nowadays the group claims having more than 3 million followers worldwide.

sentences_before: Most of the parishes are in Japan, however, due to the active missionary work in the 1960s PL was established in South-America and USA as well.

sentences_before: Today they are present also in Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Peru.

sentences_before: Oceaninan headquarters was founded in the 1990s in Brisbane, Australia.

concept_name: small community


sentence: Life is art.

headings:
PL Kyodan
The 21 PL Precepts

concept_name: life


sentence: Human beings are all equal.

concept_name: human being


sentence: World peace is everything.

concept_name: world peace


sentence: Autonomy is something that philosophers often talk about.

sentences_after: The idea occurs in moral, political, and bioethical philosophy.

sentences_after: It means that someone is able to make a sensible decision without being forced to do so by someone else.

concept_name: autonomy


sentence: Drug synergy is an important principle.

headings:
Codeine
Uses
Compound analgesics

sentences_before: There are similar combinations with aspirin as co-codaprin or with ibuprofen.

sentences_before: These combinations provide greater pain relief than either agent alone.

concept_name: drug synergy


sentence: Deputies are elected in each constituency through a two-rounds system.

sentences_after: It is presided over by a president normally from the largest party represented, assisted by vice-presidents from across the represented political spectrum.

concept_name: deputy


sentence: County governments keep records and organize elections and laws.

concept_name: county government


sentence: Postal services use it.

headings: County Japan

concept_name: postal service


sentence: Most power is in the New England town.

headings:
County
United States

sentences_before: In New England, counties are mostly for law.

concept_name: power


sentence: Natural law is a theory that says that there are laws given by nature, valid everywhere.

sentences_before: Rationalism also influenced natural law.

sentences_after: Deism was also influenced by rationalism.

sentences_after: According to deism, a supreme being created the universe.

sentences_after: This being, and other religious truths can be determined by observing nature, and finding natural laws.

sentences_after: This would make religions that are based on  revelation unnecessary.

concept_name: natural law


sentence: Bees collect pollen from flowers.

sentences_before: Bees' are flying insects of the Order Hymenoptera, which also includes ants, wasps and sawflies.

sentences_after: Bees can be found on all continents except Antarctica.

concept_name: bee


sentence: Many bees are hairy and have yellow and black or orange and black warning colors.

headings:
Bee
Bee bodies

sentences_before: Also like other insects, bees have three pairs of legs and two pairs of wings.


sentence: Categories are for tying information on a similar topic together.

headings:
Wikipedia:Deletion review/Archive 1
2013 requests
Category:Blizzard Entertainment

sentences_before: As such, not only should the deletion not have happened in the time frame it did, it should never have happened at all.

concept_name: category


sentence: Dragonflies have large compound eyes, which is their main sense organ.

sentences_after: They have four  strong transparent wings, and a long body.

concept_name: dragonfly


sentence: Many people mistake the damselfly for the dragonfly, because they look alike.

headings:
Dragonfly
Dragonflies and damselflies

sentences_before: Dragonflies are in one suborder of the Odonata, and their relatives, the damselflies, are in another suborder.

concept_name: people


sentence: Most dragonflies hold their wings horizontally.

sentences_before: Adult damselflies have thinner, more delicate bodies than those of dragonflies.

sentences_before: This you can see even when they are flying.

sentences_before: When at rest, most damselflies hold their wings together above the body.

sentences_after: The eyes of dragonflies are larger, and touch each other.


sentence: Female dragonflies lay eggs in or near water, often on plants.

headings: Dragonfly Reproduction

sentences_after: When laying eggs, some species go under the water to lay their eggs on a good surface.

sentences_after: While in the nymph stage they eat mosquito larvae and other things.

concept_name: female dragonfly


sentence: Some naiads even have a long lower jaw that can shoot out and grab prey.

headings: Dragonfly Reproduction Larvae

sentences_before: While living in the water, the naiads eat as many aquatic insects as possible, as well as other small creatures like tadpoles and minnows.

sentences_before: Hidden among the plants, a naiad will lie in wait for prey to swim by.

sentences_before: It can then squeeze water out of the rear of its abdomen like a jet stream.

sentences_before: This moves the naiad forward very quickly, allowing it to snatch its prey with its powerful jaws.

concept_name: naiad


sentence: Dragonflies have tremendous eyesight.

headings: Dragonfly Adults Eyesight

sentences_after: Their compound eyes are very large and have up to 50,000 individual lenses.

sentences_after: Their eyes wrap around the top of the head.

sentences_after: Sight is by far their most important sense, used to catch flies and avoid birds.


sentence: Sight is by far their most important sense, used to catch flies and avoid birds.

sentences_before: Their compound eyes are very large and have up to 50,000 individual lenses.

sentences_before: Their eyes wrap around the top of the head.

concept_name: sight


sentence: Some dragonflies change their resting position to prevent overheating.

headings: Dragonfly Adults Thermoregulation

sentences_after: They may use a handstand-like position to prevent overheating on sunny days.

sentences_after: The abdomen is raised until its tip points at the sun, minimizing their surface area exposed to the heat.

sentences_after: The position is called the 'obelisk posture'.


sentence: Wind can move land, especially in deserts.

sentences_after: Cold wind can sometimes have a bad effect on livestock.

sentences_after: Wind also affects animals' food stores, their hunting and the way they protect themselves.

concept_name: wind


sentence: Cold wind can sometimes have a bad effect on livestock.

sentences_before: Wind can move land, especially in deserts.

concept_name: cold wind


sentence: Wind also affects animals' food stores, their hunting and the way they protect themselves.

sentences_before: Cold wind can sometimes have a bad effect on livestock.


sentence: High winds can cause damage depending on how strong they are.

headings: Wind Damage

sentences_after: Sometimes gusts of wind can make poorly made bridges move or be destroyed, like the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in 1940.

sentences_after: Power can go out because of wind, even if its speed is as low as .

sentences_after: This is because tree branches could change the flow of energy through power lines.

sentences_after: No species of tree can resist hurricane-force winds, but trees with roots that are not very deep can be blown over more easily.

concept_name: high wind


sentence: Winds are light there.

headings:
Wind
In outer space
Planetary wind

sentences_before: The 'doldrums' are in the equatorial region.

sentences_before: It is a wind belt where air is warm, with little pressure variations.


sentence: Pie charts are rare in scientific writing.

headings:
Pie chart
Warning against usage

sentences_after: They are more common in business and economics.

sentences_after: One reason for this may be that it is more  to compare the size of items in a chart when area is used instead of length.

sentences_after: Stevens' power law says that it is harder to see small differences using visual area than when using length.

sentences_after: This means that length is a better scale to use, because differences can be found out easier.

concept_name: pie chart


sentence: Some people think there are no right answers in philosophy, only better answers and worse answers.

headings:
Philosophy
Areas of inquiry

sentences_before: Sometimes, philosophy tries to answer the same questions as religion and science.

sentences_before: Philosophers do not all give the same answers to questions.

sentences_after: Many types of philosophy criticize or even attack the beliefs of science and religion.


sentence: Philosophy helps people to understand the world and the way people act and think.

headings:
Philosophy
Is philosophy good or bad?

sentences_before: It is easy to argue that philosophy is a good thing, because it helps people to think more clearly.

sentences_after: Philosophers believe that asking philosophical questions is useful because it brings wisdom and helps people to learn about the world and each other.

concept_name: philosophy


sentence: Philosophers use logic to solve problems and answer questions.

headings:
Philosophy
What philosophers do

sentences_after: Logical consistency is a cornerstone of any acceptable theory.

sentences_after: Philosophers who disagree with a theory will often try to find a logical  contradiction within the theory.

sentences_after: If they can find one, this gives them a reason to reject that theory.

sentences_after: If they cannot find any inconsistency, the philosopher might try to show that the theory leads to a conclusion which is either unacceptable or ridiculous.

sentences_after: This second approach is usually called reductio ad absurdum.

concept_name: philosopher


sentence: Logical consistency is a cornerstone of any acceptable theory.

sentences_before: Philosophers use logic to solve problems and answer questions.

concept_name: logical consistency


sentence: Stimulus can include feelings like heat, cold, and pain.

sentences_after: When a stimulus is applied to something that can feel it, it causes a reflex.

sentences_after: For example, if an animal is burned by touching fire, it will react by quickly moving away from it.

sentences_after: Because of this, stimulus can be thought of as something done to an object to make it react.

concept_name: stimulus


sentence: Logic gates are digital components.

sentences_before: A 'logic gate' is an electronic component that can be used to conduct electricity based on a rule.

sentences_before: These sources may be two wires or the output of other logic gates.

sentences_after: They normally work at only two levels of voltage, a positive level and a zero level.

sentences_after: In the Off state, the voltage is at zero.

sentences_after: The On state usually uses a voltage in the range of 3.5 to 5 volts.

concept_name: logic gate


sentence: Logic gates are electronic versions of Boolean logic.

sentences_before: In the Off state, the voltage is at zero.

sentences_before: The On state usually uses a voltage in the range of 3.5 to 5 volts.

sentences_before: A logic gate is 'on' or active when its rules are correctly met.

sentences_before: At this time, electricity is flowing through the gate and the voltage at its output is at the level of its On state.

sentences_after: Truth tables will tell you what the output will be, depending on the inputs.


sentence: Students can also choose to learn a third language in secondary school.

sentences_before: The national language of Singapore is Malay and the other official languages of Singapore are English, Mandarin and Tamil.

sentences_before: English is the language of choice because it is the language that almost everyone in Singapore knows.

sentences_before: It is the first language taught in schools and the language used by the government.

sentences_before: Students are also taught their mother tongue language.

sentences_before: This means that the Chinese will learn Mandarin and the Malays will learn Malay, and so on.

concept_name: student


sentence: Most foreigners come from Asia.

headings: Singapore People Languages

sentences_after: Thus, Chinese is the main language of many workers such as hawkers, retail assistants, hairdressers, etc.

concept_name: foreigner


sentence: Singaporean food is an example of the many different cultures in the country.

headings: Singapore Culture Food

sentences_before: Dining is an important part of life in Singapore.

sentences_after: It is also an example of mixing among cultures.

sentences_after: British, Chinese, Indian, Malay, Tamil, and Indonesian styles of cooking all mix together.

concept_name: singaporean food


sentence: Physics studies very large things, and very small things.

headings:
Physics
What is physics?

sentences_after: For instance, physicists can study stars, planets and galaxies but could also study small pieces of matter, such as atoms and electrons.

sentences_after: They may also study sound, light and other waves.

sentences_after: As well as that, they could examine energy, heat and radioactivity, and even space and time.

concept_name: physics


sentence: Experimental physics focuses mainly on an empirical approach.

headings:
Physics
Advanced knowledge
Approaches in physics

sentences_before: The data in some subfields of physics is amenable to experiment.

sentences_before: For example, condensed matter physics and nuclear physics benefit from the ability to perform experiments.

sentences_after: Sometimes experiments are done to explore nature, and in other cases experiments are performed to produce data to compare with the predictions of theories.

concept_name: experimental physics


sentence: People can enter the plaza through nine different arches.

sentences_before: The Plaza has been damaged by three fires.

sentences_before: Juan de Villanova had the plaza built again in 1853 and that is what is seen today.

concept_name: People


sentence: Ethics is a more abstract study of right and wrong.

headings: Politics Governments

sentences_after: Ethics is usually more concerned with principle than law or politics or diplomacy, so many people think ethics is not practical.

sentences_after: But without some agreement on ethics, there is probably no way to even have a debate, laws or an election.

sentences_after: There is always some agreement on ethics and personal conduct in a political system.

concept_name: ethic


sentence: Tickets are sold for 'sol' or 'sombra'.

sentences_before: Most fights start at 7 p.m. when the sun is not too hot.

sentences_after: The 'sombra' tickets for seats not in the sunlight cost more.

concept_name: ticket


sentence: Some people see traits of theocracy in Israel.

headings: Modern-day states that resemble Theocracies

sentences_after: This is because rabbinical law and civil law must be mixed for certain aspects.

sentences_after: These rabbis also have civil duties, not only religious ones.

concept_name: people


sentence: Separation of powers causes separate branches of government that each have a different purpose.

sentences_after: The judiciary is the branch of government that interprets the law.

sentences_after: There are 3 branches in this whole process.

sentences_after: The Legislature,The Executive and The Judiciary at the most.

sentences_after: The judiciary can also be called as the Guardian of Fundamental Rights because it protects the fundamental right of every citizen and as well as take actions if any law is violated.

concept_name: separation of powers


sentence: Modern scholarship is divided on the subject.

headings:
Julius Caesar
Epilepsy

sentences_before: Caesar is sometimes thought to have suffered from epilepsy.

sentences_after: It is more certain that he was plagued by malaria, particularly during the Sullan proscriptions of the 80s.

concept_name: modern scholarship


sentence: Solvents are usually clear and colorless liquids and many have a characteristic smell.

sentences_before: Solvents usually have a low boiling point and evaporate easily or can be removed by distillation, thereby leaving the dissolved substance behind.

sentences_before: Solvents should therefore not react chemically with the dissolved compounds - they have to be inert.

sentences_before: Solvents can also be used to extract soluble compounds from a mixture, the most common example is the brewing of coffee or tea with hot water.

sentences_after: The concentration of a solution is the amount of compound that is dissolved in a certain volume of solvent.

sentences_after: The 'solubility' is the maximal amount of compound that is soluble in a certain volume of solvent at a specified temperature.

concept_name: solvent


sentence: Electron shells make up the electron configuration of an atom.

sentences_before: Electron shells have one or more 'electron subshells', or 'sublevels'.

sentences_before: These sublevels have two or more orbitals with the same angular momentum quantum number 'l'.

concept_name: electron shell


sentence: Fuel oil is made of long hydrocarbon chains, particularly alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics.

sentences_before: In this sense, diesel is a type of fuel oil.

sentences_after: The term 'fuel oil' is also used in a stricter sense to refer only to the heaviest commercial fuel that can be obtained from crude oil, heavier than gasoline and naphtha.

concept_name: fuel oil


sentence: Different chemicals have different boiling points.

sentences_after: Fractional distillation is done by heating the mixture so that each fraction evaporates and then condenses in its own compartment.

concept_name: different chemical


sentence: Fractional distillation is how petroleum is refined.

concept_name: fractional distillation


sentence: Pheromones are odors that are deliberately used for communication.

headings: Odor Pheromones

sentences_after: A female moth may release a pheromone that can entice a male moth that is several kilometers away.

sentences_after: Honeybee queens constantly release pheromones that regulate the activity of the hive.

concept_name: pheromone


sentence: Honeybee queens constantly release pheromones that regulate the activity of the hive.

sentences_before: Pheromones are odors that are deliberately used for communication.

sentences_before: A female moth may release a pheromone that can entice a male moth that is several kilometers away.

concept_name: honeybee


sentence: Light enters the eyes through the cornea.

headings:
Sensation
Visual sense

sentences_after: It then passes through the pupil, and is refracted by the crystalline lens of the eyes.

sentences_after: Light is then channeled through the vitreous humour and then on to the retina.

sentences_after: In the retina, there are two kinds of cells, rods and cones.

sentences_after: Cones are exceptionally abundant in the fovea.

concept_name: light


sentence: Cones are exceptionally abundant in the fovea.

sentences_before: Light enters the eyes through the cornea.

sentences_before: It then passes through the pupil, and is refracted by the crystalline lens of the eyes.

sentences_before: Light is then channeled through the vitreous humour and then on to the retina.

sentences_before: In the retina, there are two kinds of cells, rods and cones.

sentences_after: Cones are reactive to the three colors of red, blue, and green.

sentences_after: Other colours are sensed as combinations of these.

concept_name: cone


sentence: Cones are reactive to the three colors of red, blue, and green.

sentences_before: Cones are exceptionally abundant in the fovea.


sentence: Markets sell dried noodles and 'men-tsuyu', or instant noodle broth, to make home preparation easy.

sentences_before: In Japan, soba noodles are served in a variety of situations.

sentences_before: They are a popular inexpensive fast food at train stations throughout Japan, they are served by exclusive and expensive specialty restaurants, and they are also made at home.

concept_name: market


sentence: Toppings are chosen to reflect the seasons and to balance with other ingredients.

headings:
Soba
Serving soba
Common soba dishes

sentences_before: Like many Japanese noodles, soba noodles are often served drained and chilled in the summer, and hot in the winter with a soy-based dashi broth.

sentences_before: Extra toppings can be added onto both hot and cold soba.

sentences_after: Most toppings are added without much cooking, although some are deep-fried.

sentences_after: Most of these dishes may also be prepared with udon.

concept_name: topping


sentence: Most toppings are added without much cooking, although some are deep-fried.

sentences_before: Toppings are chosen to reflect the seasons and to balance with other ingredients.


sentence: Many groups of people agree on lists of principles.

sentences_after: They may also try to agree on the order in which they are to apply, that is, which principles should be violated before which other ones.

concept_name: group of people


sentence: Revenue is divided into three categories.

headings:
European Union budget
Revenue

sentences_before: The EU obtains most of its revenue indirectly by payments from treasuries of member states.

concept_name: revenue


sentence: People exchange gifts and have a lot of fun together with their families.

headings:
Hinduism
A brief overview
The Eternal Way

sentences_before: India, Mauritius and Nepal are very popular to celebrate festivals.

sentences_before: In Nepal Dashain is celebrated which is called Dusshera in India.

sentences_before: Similarly, Tihar or Diwali is also celebrated where houses are lit up for welcoming Goddess Laxmi.

sentences_after: Likewise Teej is also a very popular Hindu festivals where ladies fast without water for their husband's long life and also enjoy by singing folk songs and dancing.

concept_name: People


sentence: Phrasal verbs tend to have a life of their own.

headings:
Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 9
Writing Simple English: Monosyllablism?

sentences_before: I have learnt English as a foreign language myself.

sentences_before: In my opinion, it is best to avoid such 'phrasal verbs'.

sentences_before: Not olny are they hard to understand for most learners, they have several meanings.

sentences_after: This is something which precludes them to be the tool of the foreign language learner.

sentences_after: My personal opinion is to tell things as clearly as possible.

sentences_after: Perhaps add another sentence or two explaining difficult passages where they can not be avoided.

sentences_after: And avoid the situation that the reader feels belittled.

sentences_after: The readers might be very bright people, whose only problem is that they can not speak or understand English well.

concept_name: phrasal verb


sentence: Religious profanity is called 'blasphemy'.

sentences_after: The verb is to 'blaspheme' and the adjective is 'blasphemous'.

concept_name: religious profanity


sentence: Some people develop a mental condition where they use profanity constantly.

headings: Profanity Coprolalia

sentences_after: Many people think this is called Tourette's syndrome.

concept_name: people