sentence: Most attempts are made in the summer, because the days are long and the weather is good.

headings:
Three Peaks Challenge
The usual route

sentences_after: In the winter it is dark for most of the day and can be very cold.

sentences_after: Most people who attempt the challenge use the same route, because it is the easiest way of doing the challenge in 24 hours.

concept_name: attempt


repository: local

sentence: Few people live in the north central area of the state.

headings: Pennsylvania Demographics

sentences_before: More than half of the people live in the areas of Pittsburgh and Philadelphia.

sentences_after: Towns and cities tend to be small in size and densely populated, more so than in other states.

sentences_after: This is because many of the towns and cities in Pennsylvania were built around a specific factory or factories.

concept_name: few people


sentence: Most asteroids are made of rock, but some are made of carbon or metal.

sentences_before: Asteroids are the leftover rock and other material from the formation of the Solar System.

sentences_before: These rocks were too small to make a planet, and could not collide to form one.

number: Most

concept_name: asteroid


sentence: Poetry includes much metaphor, usually more than prose.

concept_name: poetry


sentence: Most government offices have regional offices for the provinces.

headings:
Philippines
Regions and Provinces

concept_name: government office


sentence: Centurions are metal robots with armor.

headings:
Cylon
Types of Cylons

sentences_after: Humans sometimes call them toasters because they are shiny like a toaster.

sentences_after: They are the only type of Cylons to not be alive.

concept_name: centurion


sentence: Centurions fight and work.

sentences_before: Humans sometimes call them toasters because they are shiny like a toaster.


sentence: Metabolism uses energy to fuel all organs involved in digestion and respiration and so on.

sentences_before: This depends, for example, on how often someone eats.

sentences_before: If they are hungry their metabolism slows down dramatically.

sentences_after: The bigger someone is, the higher their metabolism rate would become in order to sustain their mass.

concept_name: metabolism


sentence: Heart failure is different from cardiac arrest, because the heart is still working.

sentences_before: Heart failure' is when the heart cannot pump blood well.

sentences_after: Someone with heart failure can have shortness of breath, difficulty lying flat, waking up breathless at night, swelling of the legs, and needing to urinate often during the night.

sentences_after: There are many reasons why someone can get heart failure, but most often heart attacks, high blood pressure or problems with the heart valves.

sentences_after: Some people with heart failure are treated with an artificial pacemaker that makes the heart work better.

concept_name: heart failure


sentence: North star is a nail that connects dome of sky to the pillar of world.

sentences_before: The whirl is a made by great powers of cosmos.

sentences_before: In the middle of disc of earth stands pillar of sky.

sentences_before: It holds dome of sky so that dome of sky does not drop on Earth.

sentences_before: Stars are a part of dome of sky, and while sky rotates, we see stars moving.

sentences_before: One star does not move, it is North Star.

sentences_after: The pillar of world rotates with the dome of sky.

sentences_after: Its bottom side is standing in Arctic sea, in the middle of the Earth.

sentences_after: The rotation of pillar causes water to form a great whirl.

sentences_after: Tuonela is under the flat earth, but the whirl is so deep that you can go to Tuonela through it.

concept_name: north star


sentence: Integration helps when trying to multiply units into a problem.

sentences_after: The slices are close to zero in width, but adding them forever makes them add up to a whole.

concept_name: integration


sentence: Integrals are like a way to add many tiny things together by hand.

sentences_before: Adding these slices together gives the equation that the first equation is the derivative of.

sentences_after: Integration is like we also have to add all the decimals and fractions in between as well.

concept_name: integral


sentence: Proof is again by the definition of an integral.

headings:
Integral
Properties
Constants in integration

concept_name: proof


sentence: Humans are the only known mammals to cry as an emotional reaction.

sentences_before: Most mammals make this type of tear simply out of pain.

sentences_after: Some studies suggest that elephants and gorillas may do this, too.

concept_name: human


sentence: Light then passes through two lenses and makes the image bigger.

headings:
Microscope
Types of Microscopes

sentences_before: There are many different types of microscopes.

sentences_before: The most common are compound light microscopes and electron microscopes.

sentences_before: Compound light microscopes reflect light under the object being looked at.

sentences_after: Electron microscopes come in different types as well.

sentences_after: This is then magnified onto a television screen.

sentences_after: Scanning electron microscopes also fire electrons at the object, but in a single beam.

sentences_after: This is read and magnified onto a screen.

concept_name: light


sentence: People call the book just 'The Wealth of Nations'.

sentences_after: It stated some of the ideas on which modern economics is based, especially market economics.

sentences_after: He decides that if every person does what is best for himself and his little circle of family and friends, then the country will do better.

concept_name: People


sentence: Roman law replaces Celtic customs in Gaul.

concept_name: roman law


sentence: Romans stop an uprising of Thracian tribesmen.

concept_name: roman


sentence: Gravity is the force that causes things to fall down.

headings:
Isaac Newton
Early life
Early workings

sentences_before: He described laws of motion and gravitation.

sentences_before: These laws are math formulas that explain how objects move when a force acts on them.

sentences_before: Isaac published his most famous book, Principia, in 1687 while he was a mathematics professor at Trinity College, Cambridge.

sentences_before: In the Principia, Isaac explained three basic laws that govern the way objects move.

sentences_before: He then described his idea, or theory, about gravity.

sentences_after: If a pencil fell off a desk, it will land on the floor, not the ceiling.

sentences_after: In his book Isaac also used his laws to show that the planets revolve around the suns in orbits that are oval, not round.

concept_name: gravity


sentence: Apricots are brought to Rome from Asia.

concept_name: apricot


sentence: Many aristocratic families are ruined.

number: many

concept_name: aristocratic family


sentence: Arteries have thick covering, and are situated deep under the skin.

sentences_before: An 'artery' is a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to other parts of the body.

sentences_before: Most of the time, arteries carry oxygen-rich blood within them.

sentences_after: Valves are not available in these vessels.

concept_name: artery


sentence: Species are between approximately one mm to several cm long.

sentences_before: The group is a subclass of the Trematoda, and sister group to the Digenea.

sentences_after: Maturation may occur in the mollusc or vertebrate host.

concept_name: specie


sentence: Neoliberalism is also against a centrally governed economy.

headings:
Neoliberalism
What do Neoliberals want?

sentences_before: Neoliberals are openly against lobbying of groups, state interventions that aim to protect national interests, like import duties or subsidies.

sentences_after: What is more it frowns upon the Laissez-faire of classical Liberalism.

concept_name: neoliberalism


sentence: Cartels are bad for the economy in general and for their customers who are overcharged.

sentences_before: In economics, a 'cartel' is a group of formerly independent companies who overtly agree to work together.

sentences_before: The objectives of cartels are to increase their profits or to stabilize market sales.

sentences_before: They do this by fixing the price of goods, by limiting market supply or by other means.

sentences_before: Monopolies are not cartels, because in a monopoly there is only one independent company.

sentences_after: Cartels usually occur in oligopolies, where there are a small number of players that control the majority of supply in a market.

concept_name: cartel


sentence: Oligopolies are very common.

sentences_before: In economics, an 'oligopoly' is when a market is controlled by a small number of sellers.

sentences_before: Very often, there are only three or four of them.

sentences_after: The main feature of the oligopoly is that a decision made by one market player influences the whole market.

concept_name: oligopoly


sentence: Good examples are insects and amphibians.

sentences_before: Metamorphosis' in biology means the process of transformation from an immature form to an adult form in two or more distinct stages.

sentences_after: Life for most insects begins as a larva or nymph then progresses to the pupa stage and ends as an adult.

concept_name: good example


sentence: Nymphs are just baby insects.

headings: Incomplete metamorphosis or 'hemimetabolism'

sentences_before: Insects with incomplete metamorphosis have three life stages.

sentences_before: These insects start as eggs, which are usually very small.

sentences_before: When the egg hatches, a larva or nymph comes out.

sentences_after: Most of the time, the nymph looks similar to the adult, but it is smaller, may have different colouration, and does not have wings.

sentences_after: Finally, it changes into a mature adult with wings.

concept_name: nymph


sentence: Mussels live in lakes, rivers, and creeks.

sentences_after: They sometimes also live in intertidal areas along coastlines worldwide.

sentences_after: They are grouped in different subclasses.

concept_name: mussel


sentence: Snails have torsion, a process where the body coils to one side during development.

headings:
Gastropoda
General description

sentences_after: The significance of this procedure is not yet clear.

concept_name: snail


sentence: Some species have an operculum, a lid or trapdoor to close the shell.

sentences_after: In some, the slugs, the shell is absent, and the body is streamlined.

sentences_after: The best-known gastropods are land slugs and snails, but more than half of all species live in a marine environment.

sentences_after: Marine gastropods include herbivores, detritus feeders, carnivores and a few ciliary feeders, in which the radula is reduced or absent.

sentences_after: The radula is usually adapted to the food that a species eats.

number: some


sentence: True limpets are small marine gastropod molluscs with flattened, cone-shaped shells.

sentences_after: They live throughout the intertidal zone, attached to rocks or other hard ground.

concept_name: true limpet


sentence: Limpets eat by grazing on algae found on rock surfaces.

sentences_after: They scrape films of algae from the rock with a radula, a ribbon-like tongue with rows of teeth.

sentences_after: Limpets move by rippling the muscles of their foot in a wave-like motion.

concept_name: limpet


sentence: Limpets move by rippling the muscles of their foot in a wave-like motion.

sentences_before: Limpets eat by grazing on algae found on rock surfaces.

sentences_before: They scrape films of algae from the rock with a radula, a ribbon-like tongue with rows of teeth.


sentence: Limpets are prey for starfish, shore-birds, fish, seals, and humans.

headings:
Limpet
Life style
Predators and threats

sentences_after: The defence response can be adjusted to the type of predator, which can often be detected chemically by the limpet.


sentence: Abalones live all over the world.

headings: Abalone Description

sentences_after: They can be seen along the waters of every continent, except the Atlantic coast of South America, the Caribbean, and the East Coast of the United States.

sentences_after: Most abalones are found in cold waters, along the coasts of New Zealand, South Africa and Australia, and Western North America and Japan in the Northern Hemisphere.

concept_name: abalone


sentence: Abalones can start to give birth at a small size.


sentence: Visibility is normally five to ten feet.

headings: Abalone Description California

sentences_before: An abalone diver normally uses a very thick wetsuit, including a hood, booties, and gloves.

sentences_before: He or she would also wear a mask, snorkel, weight belt, abalone iron, and abalone gauge.

sentences_before: An abalone iron is used to pry the abalone from the rock before it can fully clamp down.

sentences_after: Divers commonly dive out of boats, kayaks, tube floats or directly off the shore.

concept_name: visibility


sentence: Divers commonly dive out of boats, kayaks, tube floats or directly off the shore.

sentences_before: Visibility is normally five to ten feet.

concept_name: diver


sentence: Some crustaceans commonly eaten are the shrimp, prawn, lobster, crayfish, and crab.

concept_name: crustacean


sentence: All varieties have a porcelain-like shine  and many have colorful patterns.

headings: Cowry Shell

sentences_before: The shell itself is almost always very smooth and shiny.

sentences_before: They have with a long, narrow, slit-like opening.

sentences_after: In life the shell is covered by the slippery mantle.

number: all

concept_name: variety


sentence: Some tropical crustaceans can break the dorsum of a cowry shell.

headings: Cowry Predators

concept_name: tropical crustacean


sentence: Cephalopods are found in all the oceans of the world and at all pelagic levels.

sentences_before: There are at least 800 different living species of Cephalopods.

concept_name: cephalopod


sentence: Cephalopods are the most intelligent invertebrates and have good senses and large brains.

headings:
Cephalopod
Nervous system and behaviour

sentences_after: The nervous system of cephalopods is the most complex of the invertebrates, and their brain to body mass ratio falls between that of warm and cold blooded vertebrates.


sentence: Oxygenated water is taken into the mantle cavity to the gills.

headings:
Cephalopod
Nervous system and behaviour
Moving around

sentences_after: By contracting the mantle's muscles, the water is pushed out through the siphon, made by a fold in the mantle.

sentences_after: Motion of the cephalopods is usually backward as water is forced out forwards, but the siphon can be pointed in different directions.

sentences_after: Some cephalopods can adjust their body shape to move through the water more easily.

concept_name: oxygenated water


sentence: Some cephalopods can adjust their body shape to move through the water more easily.

sentences_before: Oxygenated water is taken into the mantle cavity to the gills.

sentences_before: By contracting the mantle's muscles, the water is pushed out through the siphon, made by a fold in the mantle.

sentences_before: Motion of the cephalopods is usually backward as water is forced out forwards, but the siphon can be pointed in different directions.


sentence: Cuttlefish eat small molluscs, crabs, shrimp, fish and other cuttlefish.

sentences_after:
Various sharks and fish prey on them.
They live about 1 to 2 years.

concept_name: Cuttlefish


sentence: Cuttlefish have an internal cuttlebone, made of calcium carbonate.

headings: Cuttlefish Anatomy Cuttlebone

sentences_after: It is porous, full of small holes, The buoyancy of the cuttlebone can change, allowing the cuttlefish to go lower or higher by changing the amount of gas and liquid in its chambers.

sentences_after: The cuttlebone of each species has a distinct shape, size, and pattern of ridges or texture.

sentences_after: Cuttlebones are used by jewellers and silversmiths as moulds for casting small objects.

sentences_after: They are probably better known today as the material given to pet birds as a source of calcium.

sentences_after: The cuttlebone is only found in cuttlefish, and is one of the features that makes them different from squid and other molluscs.


sentence: Cuttlefish eyes are among the most developed in the animal kingdom.

headings: Cuttlefish Anatomy Eyes

sentences_after: The way cephalopod eyes develop is fundamentally different from that of vertebrates like humans, but the way they work is rather similar.

sentences_after: The similarity between cephalopod and vertebrate eyes is an examples of convergent evolution.

sentences_after: Although they cannot see color, they can perceive the polarization of light, which improves their ability to see contrast.

sentences_after: The lenses, instead of being reshaped as they are in humans, are instead pulled around by reshaping the entire eye in order to change focus.

concept_name: cuttlefish eye


sentence: Cuttlefish are caught for food in Mediterranean, and East Asian cultures.

headings:
Cuttlefish
Human interest
Cuttlefish as food

sentences_after: Although squid is more popular as a restaurant dish all over the world, in East Asia dried cuttlefish is highly popular.


sentence: Nautiluses are the only cephalopods who have an external shell.

headings:
Nautilus
The shell

sentences_after: The animal can withdraw completely into its shell.

sentences_after: It can the close the opening with a leathery hood formed from two specially folded tentacles.

sentences_after: It is pressure resistant, but will implode at a depth of about 800 m.

sentences_after: The innermost portion of the shell is pearlescent, blue-gray.

concept_name: nautilus


sentence: Nautiluses are sexually dimorphic and reproduce by laying eggs.

headings:
Nautilus
Natural history
Reproduction and lifespan

sentences_after: Females spawn once per year and regenerate their gonads, making nautiluses the only cephalopods to repeat reproduction.

sentences_after: The lifespan of nautiluses is about 20 years, which is exceptionally long for a cephalopod.


sentence: Some people are interested in sending astronauts to visit Mars.

headings:
Mars
Life on Mars?
Today

sentences_before: So far, scientists have not found life on Mars, either living or extinct.

sentences_before: Several space probes have gone to Mars to study it.

sentences_before: There are pictures of the surface of Mars that were sent back to Earth by the probes.

sentences_after: They could do a better search, but getting astronauts there would be difficult and expensive.

sentences_after: The astronauts would be in space for many years, and it could be very dangerous because of radiation from the sun.

sentences_after: So far we have only sent unmanned probes.

concept_name: people


sentence: Females also have two black spots in the center of the forewings.

headings:
Small White
Description

sentences_before: It looks like a smaller version of the Large White.

sentences_before: The upperside is creamy white with black tips to the forewings.

sentences_after: Its underwings are yellowish with black .

concept_name: female


sentence: Female argonauts make a laterally compressed, calcareous eggcase in which they reside.

headings:
Argonauta
Physical description
Eggcase

sentences_after: The eggcase curiously resembles the shells of extinct ammonites.

sentences_after: After she deposits her eggs in the floating eggcase, the female herself takes shelter in it, often along with the male's detached hectocotylus.

sentences_after: She is usually found with her head and tentacles protruding from the opening, but she retreats deeper inside if disturbed.

sentences_after: These ornate, curved white eggcases are occasionally found floating on the sea surface, sometimes with the female argonaut still clinging to it.

sentences_after: It is made of calcite, with a 3-layered structure Most other octopuses lay eggs in caves, the argonauts may have evolved to use ammonite shells for their egg laying, eventually becoming able to mend the shells and perhaps even make their own.

concept_name: female argonaut


sentence: Argonauts use tentacles to grab prey and drag it toward the mouth.

headings:
Argonauta
Feeding and defense

sentences_after: It then bites the prey to inject it with poison from the salivary gland.

sentences_after: They feed on small crustaceans, molluscs, but also jellyfish and salps.

sentences_after: If the prey is shelled, the argonaut uses its radula to drill into the organism, then inject the poison.

concept_name: argonaut


sentence: Argonauts are capable of changing their color.

sentences_after: They can blend in with their surroundings to avoid predators.

sentences_after: They also produce ink, which is ejected when the animal is being attacked.

sentences_after: This ink paralyzes the olfaction of the attacker, providing time for the argonaut to escape.

sentences_after: The female is also able to pull back the web covering of her shell, making a silvery flash, which may deter a predator from attacking.


sentence: Argonauts are preyed upon by tunas, billfishes, and dolphins.

sentences_after: Shells and remains of argonauts have been recorded from the stomachs of 'Alepisaurus ferox' and 'Coryphaena hippurus'.


sentence: Prey animals hide from predators.

headings:
Camouflage
Natural camouflage

sentences_after: Predators must search for prey without being seen.

sentences_after: Another way is for the animal to disguise itself as something harmless.

concept_name: prey animal


sentence: Most animals are dark on top and light underneath.

headings:
Camouflage
Natural camouflage
Countershading

sentences_after: With light coming from above, this 'countershading' makes them less visible.

concept_name: animal


sentence: Soviet forces occupy Kabul, Afghanistan.

headings:
December 23
Events

concept_name: soviet force


sentence: Echinoderms live in all parts of the ocean, but mostly on the sea floor.

sentences_after: They are extremely common near the shore, and on reefs.

concept_name: echinoderm


sentence: Echinoderms have a hydraulic water vascular system.

headings:
Echinoderm
General account

sentences_after: This network of fluid-filled canals moves and feeds the animal, and allows gas exchange.

sentences_after: There is also a complete digestive tube.

sentences_after: They have a simple radial nervous system that consists of a modified nerve net.

sentences_after: There are nerve rings with radiating nerves around the mouth extending into each arm.

sentences_after: The branches of these nerves coordinate the movements of the animal.


sentence: Echinoderms have no brain, although some do have ganglia.

sentences_before: This network of fluid-filled canals moves and feeds the animal, and allows gas exchange.

sentences_before: There is also a complete digestive tube.

sentences_before: They have a simple radial nervous system that consists of a modified nerve net.

sentences_before: There are nerve rings with radiating nerves around the mouth extending into each arm.

sentences_before: The branches of these nerves coordinate the movements of the animal.

sentences_after: They usually move with their tube feet, but brittle stars use their arms to pull against rocks.

sentences_after: Some feather stars and sea cucumbers can swim.


sentence: Many echinoderms have remarkable powers of regeneration.

sentences_after: A section as small as a single arm, with some central disk and neural tissue, can regenerate the whole organism.


sentence: Torrential rains cause flash flooding in Vargas, Venezuela.

headings:
December 14
Events

concept_name: torrential rain


sentence: Patriotism is different from nationalism.

sentences_after: Nationalist thinks that every ethnic group should have its own nation, so nations are to serve the people.

sentences_after: In other words in nationalism the nation is just a tool to have freedom for an ethnic group, while in patriotism the nation itself is the highest value.

concept_name: patriotism


sentence: Cylindrical coordinates take the same idea that polar coordinates use, but they extend it further.

headings:
Polar coordinate system
Cylindrical coordinates

sentences_after: To get a third dimension, each point also has a 'height' above the original coordinate system.

concept_name: cylindrical coordinate


sentence: Gold represents 'wealth' because the metal gold is valuable.

headings:
Gold (color)
Meaning of gold

concept_name: gold


sentence: Most people can sing notes which cover more than an octave.

headings:
Singing
Voice ranges

sentences_after: People who sing a lot will probably be able to sing over two octaves.

sentences_after: Some men are able to train their voices to sing alto by using a falsetto voice.


sentence: Some men are able to train their voices to sing alto by using a falsetto voice.

sentences_before: Most people can sing notes which cover more than an octave.

sentences_before: People who sing a lot will probably be able to sing over two octaves.

concept_name: man


sentence: Rap is a kind of singing in which the rhythm is the most important thing.

headings:
Singing
Types of singing

sentences_after: The pitch is high and low, but not to any particular notes.

concept_name: rap


sentence: Many political parties base their political action and program on an ideology.

sentences_after: In social studies, a Political 'Ideology' is a certain ethical set of values, principles, doctrines, myths, or symbols of a social movement, institution, class, or large group that explains how society should work, and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order.

sentences_after: A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used.

sentences_after: Some parties follow a certain ideology very closely, while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them.

concept_name: political party


sentence: Some freedom fighters damage the opposing military.

sentences_before: Freedom fighter is a 'relativistic' term - this means a person decides by his or her point of view if he call some persons or groups freedom fighters or not.

sentences_before: If people do not support his goals, they probably use more 'negative' terms like insurgent, terrorist, rebel or criminal.

sentences_before: Freedom fighters are often called terrorists by their opponents if they hurt civilians.

sentences_before: However not all freedom fighters hurt civilians.

sentences_after: Some freedom fighters damage property - this is called sabotage.

sentences_after: There are also freedom fighters who do not use violence at all.

sentences_after: For example the Mahatma Gandhi and the Dalai Lama.

concept_name: freedom fighter


sentence: Grooves are used for several purposes in cabinet making and other woodworking fields.

sentences_after: Typically, a groove is used to house the panels in frame and panel construction and the bottoms drawers.

concept_name: groove


sentence: River dives through the hole in the door and closes it from the other side.

headings:
Serenity (movie)
Synopsis

sentences_before: The crew leaves 'Serenity' and finds a place to fight off the Reavers while Mal goes to get to Mr. Universe and send the message.

sentences_before: Mal finds Mr. Universe has been killed and his equipment is destroyed.

sentences_before: He finds a message that tells him about a hidden backup transmitter.

sentences_before: The Reavers attack the crew, and make them move back.

sentences_before: The crew tries to close a blast door, but it will not shut all the way.

sentences_after: The Operative gets there also and they fight.

sentences_after: Mal wins but does not kill the Operative.

sentences_after: He leaves him to watch the video from Miranda as it is being broadcast.

concept_name: river


sentence: River is a seventeen-year old genius with special powers.

headings:
Serenity (movie)
Cast

sentences_after: She and her brother are taken in by the crew of 'Serenity' after he rescues her from an Alliance.

sentences_after: The Alliance's hunt to find River is mainly what the movie is about.


sentence: Captains are officers in an army.

sentences_after: In a navy, captains command an entire ship.

sentences_after: Another type of captain is a commander of a ship who is not in the military.

sentences_after: There are also captains in other uniformed organisations, including the police.

sentences_after: A leader of a sports team is also called a captain, as well as the pilot of an airliner.

concept_name: captain


sentence: Formal languages have lots of uses.

concept_name: formal language


sentence: Unions do many things for their members.

headings:
Trade union
Activities

concept_name: union


sentence: Trade unions are close to trade guilds in Medieval times.

headings:
Trade union
History

concept_name: trade union


sentence: Data structures determine the way in which information can be used.

sentences_before: In Computer Science, a 'data structure' is a way of organizing information, so that it is easier to use.

sentences_after: Data structures are often optimised for certain operations.

sentences_after: Finding the best data structure when solving a problem is an important part of programming.

sentences_after: Programs that use the right data structure are easier to make, and perform better.

concept_name: data structure


sentence: People cross the canals by many small bridges.

sentences_before: Venice is built on 117 small islands that are separated by 150 canals.

sentences_after: They can also be taken for rides along the canals in a type of boat called a 'gondola'.

sentences_after: The buildings in Venice are very old and attractive, and tourists come from all over the world to see them and the canals.

sentences_after: This has made Venice one of the most famous cities in the world.

sentences_after: The most famous sights are the Rialto Bridge, St Mark's Basilica and the Doge's Palace.

concept_name: People


sentence: Infection rates are higher in some countries in Africa and Asia.

headings:
Hepatitis C
Epidemiology

concept_name: infection rate


sentence: Hunters sell the soft leopard skins in the markets in the capital Kabul.

headings:
Afghanistan
Plants and Animals

sentences_before: Endangered snow leopards live in the cold Hindu Kush, but they have thick fur to stay warm.

concept_name: hunter


sentence: Mountains have forests of pine and fir.

sentences_before: Southern Afghanistan has not many plants because it is dry.

sentences_before: There are more plants where there is more water.

concept_name: mountain


sentence: Few people live in the high central mountains or the deserts in the south and southwest.

headings:
Afghanistan
People and culture

sentences_before: Kabul, the capital, is the largest city.

sentences_before: It is along the Kabul River south of the Hindu Kush range.

sentences_before: Other cities in Afghanistan include Kandahar, Herat, Mazar-e Sharif, and Jalalabad.

sentences_before: The farmers live mainly in small villages along the rivers.

sentences_before: The nomads live in tents while moving from place to place with their animals and belongings.

concept_name: few people


sentence: Many Afghan women work as politicians, some are ministers while at least one is a mayor.

headings:
Afghanistan
History
Recent history

sentences_before: In December 2004, Hamid Karzai became the first democratically elected president of Afghanistan.

sentences_before: NATO began rebuilding Afghanistan, including its military and government institutions.

sentences_before: Many schools and colleges were built in the last ten years.

sentences_before: Freedom for women improved, they can study, work, drive and run for offices.

sentences_after: Others have opened businesses, or joined the military or police.

sentences_after: Afghanistan's over-all economy has also improved dramatically and NATO states had agreed in 2012 to help the country for at least another 10 years after 2014.

sentences_after: In the meantime, Afghanistan improved diplomatic ties with many countries in the world and continues to establish new ties with other states.

concept_name: afghan woman


sentence: Molecules are made up of atoms that are stuck together in a particular shape or form.

sentences_after: Also, they like certain arrangements of atoms.

sentences_after: For example, oxygen atoms always have two bonds with other atoms, carbon atoms always have four bonds with other atoms, and nitrogen atoms always have three bonds with other atoms.

concept_name: molecule


sentence: Tuscan bread has no salt or butter.

headings: Florence Cuisine

sentences_before: The food of Florence is based more on peasant eating rather than expensive cooking.

sentences_before: They are still sold at the food carts in the city.

sentences_before: They are often served with melon when it is in season.

sentences_after: It is very common in the local soups, 'ribollita' and 'pappa al pomodoro', Both soups are usually served with local olive oil.

sentences_after: The bread is also used in the salad of bread and fresh vegetables called 'panzanella' that is served in summer.

sentences_after: The most famous main course is the 'bistecca alla fiorentina'.

sentences_after: It is a huge steak of Chianina beef that is cooked over hot charcoal.

concept_name: tuscan bread


sentence: Snow is common in winter.

headings: Florence Climate

sentences_before: Florence has a mixed Mediterranean climate and Humid subtropical climate, with hot and humid summers and cool and damp winters.

sentences_before: Summer temperatures are higher than those along coastlines.

concept_name: snow


sentence: Natural pigments can come from just about anything.

sentences_before: A 'pigment' is something that is added to something else to give it color.

sentences_after: Pigments can be made from animals, plants, rocks and minerals or even the ground itself, for example clay plus salts.

concept_name: natural pigment


sentence: Aniline is an organic chemical compound produced in two stages from benzene.

sentences_after: It gives a mauve color which was much used for dyeing clothes in the 19th century.

sentences_after: Apparently, it gave a brilliant fuchsia color when first applied, but fades rapidly to mauve.

sentences_after: Dye history from 2600 BC to the 20th century.

concept_name: aniline


sentence: Cobalt blue is used widely by artists.

sentences_before: People used to make it using cobalt salts.

concept_name: cobalt blue


sentence: Tarsiers have huge eyes and long feet.

headings:
Tarsier
Body shape

sentences_after: They are nocturnal, and are the only wholly carnivorous primates.

sentences_after: They mainly eat insects, and catch them by jumping at them.

sentences_after: They are also known to eat birds and snakes.

sentences_after: Tarsiers give birth to single offspring.

concept_name: tarsier


sentence: Pregnancy takes about six months.

sentences_before: They are nocturnal, and are the only wholly carnivorous primates.

sentences_before: They mainly eat insects, and catch them by jumping at them.

sentences_before: They are also known to eat birds and snakes.

concept_name: pregnancy


sentence: Tarsiers give birth to single offspring.


sentence: Formal languages are the way to communicate with a given automaton.

sentences_after: Most of the time, the question is whether the automaton will accept a word of a formal language, that is, when the word is fed into the automaton, the automaton will end up in an exit state.

sentences_after: Semantics are used to talk about the grammars of such languages, and how they are constructed.

concept_name: formal language


sentence: Information theory talks about the notion of information.

sentences_after: Originally it was developed for signal processing.

sentences_after: It is concerned with how a message needs to be changed, so that it can be transmitted over a  channel, an how to undo the changes at the other end, so that the original message can be recovered.

sentences_after: These processes are known as encoding and decoding.

sentences_after: Information theory also talks about how much self-information there is in a message.

sentences_after: This is the theoretical basis for data compression, cryptography and digital signatures.

concept_name: information theory


sentence: Color codes are often difficult or impossible for blind and color blind people to understand.

sentences_before: A 'color code' is a system for displaying information by using different colors.

concept_name: color code


sentence: Opposite colors are called complementary.

headings:
Complementary color
Art and design

concept_name: opposite color


sentence: Anvils are extremely heavy.

sentences_after: He walked around the villages of Bedfordshire with a small anvil and a few tools on his back.

sentences_after: His anvil was wedge-shaped, so that he could knock it into the ground when he needed to do a repair.

sentences_after: His anvil is now in the John Bunyan museum in Bedford.

concept_name: anvil


sentence: People use duct tape to repair many things, for example a broken handbag or a broken chair.

sentences_before: Duct tape', sometimes called 'duck tape', is a very strong adhesive tape with a cloth backing .

sentences_before: Usually duct tape is grey or black, but it is made in other colors including transparent, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, flames, zebra stripe, lepaord spot, tye dye, and others.

concept_name: People


sentence: Some text editors can edit 'rich text'.

sentences_after: Rich text allows the person that is editing text to have 'bold text', 'italic text', and other things.

concept_name: text editor


sentence: Copy allows users to instantly add a copy of text in one place to another place.

sentences_before: Copy, cut and paste are other common options in text editors.

sentences_after: Cut and paste are similar, except that the text is moved from one place to another instead of being copied.

sentences_after: This is very useful when a writer wishes to put his paragraphs in a different order, for example.

concept_name: copy


sentence: Users can reverse their mistakes, or quickly repeat their actions.

sentences_before: Sometimes users make mistakes, or need to do the same thing over and over without getting bored.

sentences_before: This is what the undo and redo features do.

concept_name: user


sentence: Tin is no longer mined but china clay is still an important industry.

sentences_before: Since early times Cornwall has been an important area for the mining of tin.

sentences_after: Bodmin Moor is the largest and highest of the granite moors of Cornwall.

sentences_after: The climate is generally mild, with much frontal rain.

sentences_after: The varied scenery and historical monuments attract many tourists to Cornwall.

concept_name: tin


sentence: All roads run in one direction and are parallel.

headings:
Bastide
Structural elements
Central square

sentences_after: Here and there there are alleys cut between the roads.

sentences_after: These squares are usually  to  on each side.

concept_name: road


sentence: Different countries use different types of military camouflage patterns.

headings:
Military camouflage
History

concept_name: different country


sentence: Cider is made there and livestock is farmed.

sentences_before: The region's economy is centered on agriculture.

sentences_after: There is a bit of textile industry as well.

sentences_after: It is the first region of France when it comes to producing butter, cheese and horses.

sentences_after: The west part of the region is used mainly for farming, because of the prairies.

concept_name: cider


sentence: Larger mosques offer more services to their community.

sentences_before: A 'mosque' is a place where Muslims worship.

sentences_before: The word 'mosque' comes from the Arabic word 'masjid'.

sentences_before: A mosque may be small, and privately owned.

concept_name: larger mosque


sentence: Weddings are one example.

sentences_before: For many Muslim people, a mosque is more than a place of worship.

sentences_before: Muslims worship, study and discuss Islam, and do many other things in a mosque and its compounds.

sentences_before: In the United Kingdom, many mosques are used as community centres.

sentences_before: They are also used to teach about Islam.

sentences_before: Religious festivals and gatherings are held in mosques.

sentences_after: Mosques have rules to control what people do inside.

sentences_after: One of these rules is that it is considered rude to disturb another person who is worshipping.

concept_name: wedding


sentence: Mosques have rules to control what people do inside.

concept_name: mosque


sentence: Many mosques are known for their Islamic architecture.

sentences_after: The earliest mosques, opened in 7th century were open-air spaces.

sentences_after: They are the 'Quba Mosque' and 'Masjid al-Nabawi'.

sentences_after: Later mosques were buildings that were specially designed.

sentences_after: Nowadays, mosques are in every continent, except Antarctica.


sentence: Many mosques are famous works of architecture.

headings: Mosque Architecture

sentences_after: They are often built in a style that has stayed the same for many centuries.

sentences_after: Many mosques have prayer halls, domes, and minarets.


sentence: Many mosques have prayer halls, domes, and minarets.

sentences_before: Many mosques are famous works of architecture.

sentences_before: They are often built in a style that has stayed the same for many centuries.


sentence: Many early mosques have a square or rectangular plan.

headings:
Mosque
Architecture
Arab plan

sentences_after: They also have a prayer hall and an enclosed courtyard.

sentences_after: The first mosques of this type were built during the Umayyad Dynasty.

concept_name: early mosque


sentence: Most mosques have minarets.

headings:
Mosque
Parts of Mosques
Minarets

sentences_after: Usually they are at one of the corners of the mosque.

sentences_after: The top of the minaret is the highest point in the mosque, and usually the highest point in the area around the mosque.

sentences_after: The tallest minaret in the world is in the Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca, Morocco.


sentence: Minarets are tall towers.

concept_name: minaret


sentence: Domes normally have the shape of a hemisphere.

headings:
Mosque
Parts of Mosques
Domes

sentences_after: The Mughals in India popularized onion-shaped domes in South Asia and Persia.

sentences_after: Some mosques have several domes, as well as the main large dome.

concept_name: dome


sentence: Some mosques have several domes, as well as the main large dome.

sentences_before: Domes normally have the shape of a hemisphere.

sentences_before: The Mughals in India popularized onion-shaped domes in South Asia and Persia.


sentence: All mosques have a prayer hall, which is also called 'musalla'.

headings:
Mosque
Parts of Mosques
Prayer hall

sentences_after: Normally, there is no furniture in it except for prayer mats or rugs.

sentences_after: These are necessary, as Islamic prayer is usually done kneeling.


sentence: People pray in rows parallel to the 'qiblah' wall.

sentences_before: The 'qiblah wall' is usually at the other side of the entrance to the prayer hall.

sentences_before: In a properly sited mosque, it will be set perpendicular to a line leading to Mecca.

sentences_after: They arrange themselves so they face Mecca.

sentences_after: In the 'qiblah' wall, usually at its center, is the 'mihrab', a niche or depression showing the direction of Mecca.

sentences_after: The 'mihrab' serves as the place where the imam leads the five daily prayers.


sentence: Mosques also hold a special prayer service, called 'jumuah'.

headings:
Mosque
Religious functions
Prayers

sentences_after: It is a form of Sabbath and replaces the Friday prayers at the mosque.

sentences_after: However, Muslims are expected to do their Friday prayer at the mosque.


sentence: Mosques are places of worship.

headings:
Mosque
Rules and behaviour in mosques
Attending a mosque

sentences_after: For this reason, those inside the mosque should be respectful to those who are praying.

sentences_after: Loud talking or discussion of topics that could be disrespectful, is forbidden in areas where people are praying.

sentences_after: It is also considered as rude to walk in front of Muslims in prayer or otherwise disturb  them.


sentence: Islamic law requires men and women to be separated in the prayer hall.

headings:
Mosque
Rules and behaviour in mosques
Men and women pray in different parts

sentences_after: Muhammad said, women should pray at home, not at the mosque.

sentences_after: Muhammad thought women should not be forbidden in mosques.

sentences_after: The second caliph Umar at one time stopped women from attending mosques, especially at night, because he feared they may be teased by males, so he made them to pray at home.

concept_name: islamic law


sentence: Different countries have different opinions on the question.

headings:
Mosque
Rules and behaviour in mosques
Non-Muslims in mosques

sentences_after: The Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca is one of only two mosques in Morocco currently open to non-Muslims.


sentence: Narrow translation is more precise than broad.

sentences_before: Wikipedia also uses the IPA to show how certain words are meant to be spoken.

sentences_before: Most symbols are letters in the Latin alphabet, or variations of it.

concept_name: narrow translation


sentence: Pulmonic consonants are made by obstructing air coming from the lungs.

headings:
International Phonetic Alphabet
Letters
Pulmonic consonants

sentences_after: The symbols for these sounds are arranged in a table.

sentences_after: The rows show how the sound is made, and the columns show where it is made.

concept_name: pulmonic consonant


sentence: All mammals feed their young on milk, which is made by glands in the skin or the mammary glands.

headings: Mammal Characteristics Reproduction

sentences_after: All mammals protect and look after their young, though details differ greatly.

concept_name: mammal


sentence: All mammals protect and look after their young, though details differ greatly.

sentences_before: All mammals feed their young on milk, which is made by glands in the skin or the mammary glands.


sentence: Marsupials are mammals with pouches to carry young in, like the kangaroo.

headings:
Mammal
Main groups

sentences_before: Other mammals are divided into the 'Marsupials' and the 'Eutheria', the placental mammals.

concept_name: marsupial


sentence: Many mammals live in cold places.

headings:
Mammal
Modes of life

sentences_before: Mammals are found on land and in water, and also in the air, where they compete with lots of other animals.

sentences_before: Their ability to move from place to place and adapt has made them a most efficient group.

sentences_after: These mammals have thick hair or blubber to keep them warm.

sentences_after: Some live in deserts, and still others are in rivers, lakes, and seas all around the world.


sentence: Shell Beach is popular for families with kids as it has little surf, and lots of tide pools.

headings:
Saint Barthélemy
Geography
Beaches

sentences_before: Of the 20 beaches on the small island, several are seen as especially inviting.

sentences_before: On the southern side of the island, Saline and Governor beaches are pristine beaches with no development on them.

sentences_before: On the western edge of the island is Colombier beach.

sentences_before: This beach is only reachable by boat or a hike.

concept_name: Shell Beach


sentence: Chili peppers are of great importance in Native American medicine.

headings: Capsicum Capsaicin

sentences_before: At the same time, the bright colors attract birds.

sentences_before: The amount of capsaicin in peppers is highly variable and dependent on genetics.

sentences_before: This means that  almost all types of peppers have varied amounts of heat felt by those consuming them.

sentences_before: The only pepper without capsaicin is the bell pepper.

sentences_after: Capsaicin is also used in modern Western medicine to stimulate blood circulation or to relieve pain.

concept_name: chili pepper


sentence: Cardinal numbers are used to measure how many items are in a set.

concept_name: cardinal number


sentence: Numbers are used when things are measured.

sentences_before: Numbers are also used for other things besides counting.

sentences_after: Numbers are used to study how the world works.

sentences_after: Mathematics is a way to use numbers to learn about the world and make things.

sentences_after: The study of the rules of the natural world is called science.

sentences_after: The work that uses numbers to make things is called engineering.

concept_name: number


sentence: Numbers are used to study how the world works.

sentences_before: Numbers are used when things are measured.


sentence: Complex numbers are a more general form of numbers.

headings:
Number
Types of numbers
Complex numbers

sentences_after: The complex numbers can be drawn on a number plane.

sentences_after: This is composed of a real number line, and an imaginary number line.

concept_name: complex number


sentence: Signal processing is the analysis, interpretation and manipulation of acquired signals.

headings:
Signal processing
Method of Signal processing

sentences_after: Acquired signals must to be processed depending on the purpose of measurement, a method of measurement, and a property of acquired signals.

concept_name: signal processing


sentence: Measurements are an application of mathematics, for example in trigonometry.

headings:
Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 7
Category:Measurement

sentences_before: Maybe I am too far removed from school mathematics.

sentences_after: Units are often given to give a lesson more a practical feel.

sentences_after: Of course you can integrate over Amperes or Pints, but that doesn't make them a mathematical topic.

concept_name: measurement


sentence: Concepts are nouns which usually take the singular.

sentences_after: But when we talk of different types of rhythm, those are particular rhythms.

concept_name: concept


sentence: Drug abuse is an offense, at the federal level.

sentences_after: Punishment is usually 1 to 3 years, but can also be only a fine.

sentences_after: Also in light cases, the police can say that there will be no fine.

sentences_after: This has led to the fact, that in each canton, this law is applied differently.

sentences_after: In one canton, smoking a joint will mean a fine, in another, it can mean a prison term.

concept_name: drug abuse


sentence: Glia cells keep the neurons safe and healthy.

sentences_before: It lets people and animals respond to what is around them.

sentences_before: The 'central nervous system' is the brain, the spinal cord, and nerves.

sentences_before: It is there to coordinate movement, to process the input of the senses, and to make the animals act a certain way.

sentences_before: It is made up of neurons and cells called glia among other things.

concept_name: glia cell


sentence: People choose to play in the Olympics to represent the place they are from.

sentences_before: The 'Olympic Games' are an important international event featuring summer and winter sports.

sentences_before: Olympic Games are held every two years, with Summer and Winter Olympic Games taking turns.

sentences_before: Each seasonal games happens every four years.

concept_name: People


sentence: Nations then enter the stadium alphabetically according to the host country's chosen language.

headings:
Olympic Games
Ceremonies
Opening

sentences_before: After the artistic portion of the ceremony, the athletes parade into the stadium grouped by nation.

sentences_before: Greece is traditionally the first nation to enter in order to honor the origins of the Olympics.

sentences_after: The host country's athletes are always the last to enter.

sentences_after: During the 2004 Summer Olympics, which was hosted in Athens, Greece.

sentences_after: The Greek flag entered the stadium first and last.

sentences_after: When it came in to the stadium for the second time it was followed by the athletes.

sentences_after: Speeches are then given formally opening the Games.

concept_name: nation


sentence: Swamps are also filters for groundwater, and protect against flooding.

sentences_before: About 6 percent of Earth's surface is covered by swamps.

concept_name: swamp


sentence: Sulfur is a yellow solid that is a nonmetal.

headings: Sulfur Properties

sentences_after: It burns easily, releasing toxic fumes of sulfur dioxide.

sentences_after: It gradually turns back into the yellow brittle form.

sentences_after: These sulfides are produced when things decay without air.

concept_name: sulfur


sentence: Sulfur compounds are chemical compounds containing sulfur ions.

headings:
Sulfur
Properties
Chemical compounds

concept_name: sulfur compound


sentence: Many minerals contain sulfur ions.

headings:
Sulfur
Occurrence and preparation

sentences_before: Sulfur can be found in the earth near volcanoes.

sentences_after: Coal contains sulfur ions which are released when it burns.

sentences_after: Hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide are some sulfur compounds that are released when coal burns.

concept_name: mineral


sentence: Coal contains sulfur ions which are released when it burns.

concept_name: coal


sentence: Sulfur is an essential component to living cells.

headings: Sulfur Uses

sentences_before: Sulfur is commonly used in gunpowder, medicine, and matches.

sentences_before: Matches release sulfur dioxide when they burn, giving them their smell.

sentences_after: It is also used as a pesticide on organic farms.


sentence: Many proteins contain sulfur.

sentences_before: Sulfur is an essential component to living cells.

concept_name: protein


sentence: Pure aluminium is made from bauxite, a kind of rock that has aluminium oxide and many impurities.

headings:
Aluminium
Occurrence and preparation

sentences_after: The bauxite is crushed and reacted with sodium hydroxide.

sentences_after: Then the aluminum oxide is dissolved in liquid cryolite, a rare mineral.

sentences_after: Cryolite is normally produced artificially though.

sentences_after: The aluminium oxide is electrolyzed to make aluminium and oxygen.

concept_name: pure aluminium


sentence: Drawings are created by making lines on a surface.

sentences_after: Long lines make up the shapes and small lines make the textures.

sentences_after: Drawings can be images of real life or abstract images showing ideas cannot be seen in the real world.

concept_name: drawing


sentence: Long lines make up the shapes and small lines make the textures.

sentences_before: Drawings are created by making lines on a surface.

concept_name: long line


sentence: Red hair is made by genes.

sentences_after: The gene for red hair is recessive, meaning to be weaker than other genes, like the brown hair gene, for example.

concept_name: red hair


sentence: Some competitions are for young people who are starting to make a professional career in music.

sentences_before: A 'music competition' is an event in which people compete for prizes by performing music.

sentences_before: Music competitions can be for solo performers or for small or large groups such as orchestras, bands or choirs.

sentences_after: Other music competitions may be for amateurs, which means that professional musicians are not allowed to compete.

concept_name: competition


sentence: Some big festivals have a team of several adjudicators who decide together on the winner.

sentences_before: The person who decides who is the winner is called the adjudicator.

concept_name: big festival


sentence: Treads often require two balusters.

headings:
Stairs
Components and terminology
The railing system

sentences_before: Sometimes simply called 'guards' or 'spindles'.

sentences_after: The second baluster is closer to the riser and is taller than the first.

sentences_after: The extra height in the second baluster is typically in the middle between decorative elements on the baluster.

sentences_after: That way the bottom decorative elements are aligned with the tread and the top elements are aligned with the railing angle.

sentences_after: However, this means the first and second balusters are manufactured separately and cannot be interchanged.

sentences_after: Balusters without decorative elements can be interchanged.

frequency: often

concept_name: tread


sentence: Many towns still have many parts of the German culture.

headings:
Santa Catarina (state)
European settlement
Germans

sentences_before: Nowadays, the German influence in the State of Santa Catarina is still very strong.

sentences_after: Most of the people speak German fluently.

sentences_after: Another example is the Oktoberfest of Blumenau and many other towns in the region.

sentences_after: The architecture and food also show German influence.

concept_name: town


sentence: Some trails are off-limits to everyone other than hikers, and few trails allow motorized vehicles.

sentences_before: A 'trail' is a pedestrian path or road mainly used for walking, but often also for cycling, cross-country skiing or other activities.

concept_name: trail


sentence: Some trails are meant as 'nature trails', and are used by people learning about the natural world.

headings:
Trail
Trail types and use
Walking trails

sentences_before: Trail use has become very popular for a wide variety of users.

sentences_after: Many trails are 'day trails', what means that they are generally used by people out for a short hike, less than a day.

sentences_after: Some trails are 'backpacking trails', or long-distance trails, and are used by both day hikers and by backpackers.

sentences_after: Some trails are specifically used by other outdoor enthusiasts to gain access to another feature, such as good climbing sites.

sentences_after: Many runners also favor running on trails rather than pavement, as giving a more vigorous work-out and better developing agility skills, as well as providing a more pleasant exercise environment.


sentence: Sight distance is an important issue with horse trails, as is overhead and side clearance.

headings:
Trail
Trail types and use
Equestrian trails

sentences_before: Horseback riding has continued to be a popular activity for many trail users.

sentences_before: Again, 'horse trails' must be built to different standards than other trails.

sentences_after: While trail surface types are a relatively unimportant issue with hikers, they may be an important issue with horses.

concept_name: sight distance


sentence: Some cultures avoid giving people a name of an animal.

headings:
Name
People's names

sentences_after: For example, there is no name like dog, cat, snake, owl, or fish in Japanese people's first names.

sentences_after: But in some cultures animal names may be good.

concept_name: culture


sentence: Japanese names have two parts.

headings:
Name
Japanese names

sentences_after: One is the family name and the other is the given name.

concept_name: japanese name


sentence: Rondos are normally fast and lively.

sentences_before: Composers from the Baroque period onwards often write movements which are in rondo form.

sentences_before: In the Classical music period the last movement of a symphony or sonata is very often a rondo.

sentences_after: They are a good way of finishing a long piece of music with something that is happy.

concept_name: rondo


sentence: Scientists commonly report the standard deviation of numbers from the average number in experiments.

sentences_before: Standard deviation is also used to measure how close a reported number is to being exactly right.

sentences_before: For example, the standard deviation is used to find margin of error in opinion poll numbers.

sentences_before: The reported margin of error is usually two times the standard deviation and gives the range for the true poll number.

sentences_after: They often decide that only differences bigger than two or three times the standard deviation are important.

concept_name: scientist


sentence: Risk is one reason to make decisions about what to buy.

headings:
Standard deviation
More examples
Application examples
Money

sentences_after: Risk is a number people can use to know how much money they may earn or lose.

concept_name: risk


sentence: Dark blue is less than one standard deviation from the mean.

headings:
Standard deviation
More examples
Rules for normally distributed numbers

concept_name: dark blue


sentence: Deflation is thought to be even worse than inflation.

sentences_before: It is also said that deflation is a sign of a weak state of that country's economy, because deflation usually happens during an economic collapse.

concept_name: deflation


sentence: Deflation starts when people are waiting for prices to go down even more.

sentences_after: Because of that, companies can not afford to keep up the amount of goods that are made, and have to lower that amount, as well as fire workers to make even a small profit.


sentence: Some chemical symbols are the short forms of their English names.

concept_name: chemical symbol


sentence: People take a bit of snuff between their fingers and put it in their nostrils to smell it.

sentences_before: Snuff' is a kind of tobacco which is sniffed instead of smoked.

sentences_after: Not many people use snuff now, but a century or more ago it was very common.

sentences_after: In the novels of 19th century authors like Charles Dickens we often read about people taking snuff.

concept_name: People


sentence: Large crowds appear on the street to try to see the nose.

headings:
The Nose (opera)
The story of the opera

sentences_before: As the coach leaves the nose runs in, tries to stop the coach, frightens thehorses,  the driver tries to shoot the nose, and everyone starts to fight the nose, beating and hitting it until it is back to its normal size.

sentences_before: The policeman wraps it in a piece of paper.

sentences_before: He returns it to the Major and asks for payment.

sentences_before: The Major thinks that Madame Podtochina, who tried to make him marry her daughter, has used witchcraft on him.

concept_name: large crowd


sentence: Some games are only for one system.

sentences_before: A 'video game developer' is a person who makes games on computers and other game systems.

sentences_before: Some developers make games for only one or two types of game systems, others might even make one kind of game.

sentences_after: Developers might try and make a copy of such game to another, different system.

sentences_after: Some translate games from one language to another.

concept_name: game


sentence: Sodium is a light, silver-coloured metal.

headings: Sodium Properties

sentences_after: Sodium is so soft that it can be easily cut with a knife.

sentences_after: When it is cut, the surface will become white after a bit of time.

sentences_after: This is because it reacts with air to form sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate.

sentences_after: Hydrogen and sodium hydroxide are produced.

concept_name: sodium


sentence: Sodium is so soft that it can be easily cut with a knife.

sentences_before: Sodium is a light, silver-coloured metal.


sentence: Sodium compounds are used in soaps, toothpaste, baking and antiacids.

headings:
Sodium
Use as compounds

concept_name: sodium compound


sentence: Sodium ions are found in the ocean.

headings:
Sodium
Occurrence and production

sentences_before: It exists as an ion in chemical compounds.

sentences_after: It is also found as sodium chloride in the earth's crust, where it is mined.

concept_name: sodium ion


sentence: Some games are played with two dice and some use only one.

sentences_after: Some games that use dice are Monopoly, Yahtzee, Risk, Dungeons and Dragons, and many more.

sentences_after: Dice with different numbers of sides are called polyhedral dice.


sentence: Gymnasts can compete with other gymnasts to see who can do their tricks are better.

sentences_after: Usually the winner gets a trophy, ribbon, or a medal.

concept_name: gymnast


sentence: Matrices are also very common in computer science.

sentences_before: Many natural sciences use matrices quite a lot.

concept_name: matrix


sentence: Animation is on the air now.

sentences_after: Some video games are released by Konami.

sentences_after: In August 2012 The Phoenix Priestess, a Fairy Tail movie, was released.

concept_name: animation


sentence: Today there are many societies for people who are interested in playing the viol.

sentences_before: After the mid-18th century people forgot about the viol until the 20th century when there was a new interest in early music and people like Arnold Dolmetsch started making them again so that Renaissance and Baroque viol music could be played.

concept_name: today


sentence: Shorthand is where a word is written in a shorter way because it is quicker and easier to type.

headings:
Internet slang
Shorthand words

sentences_after: It is also done to fit more text into a limited space.

concept_name: Shorthand


sentence: Secondary colors are made by mixing the primary colors of light together.

headings:
Color wheel
The secondary colors

sentences_before: The secondary colors are on all color wheels.

sentences_after: These three colors are called the 'subtractive colors'.

sentences_after: The secondary colors can be mixed with the primary colors to make tertiary colors.

concept_name: secondary color


sentence: Mandarin is  one of five major regional languages of China.

sentences_after: It spreads wider than any other regional language, from the whole northern part of China down to Yunnan Province in the southwest corner of China.

sentences_after: In that big area there are many regional differences in vocabulary, so somebody who moves from Beijing to Yunnan could not understand people there who were speaking their own language, Yunnan hua.

sentences_after: The problem is bigger than for a person in Great Britain or the United States to go to Australia.

sentences_after: Therefore, starting in the 1920s, the Chinese government set up a national language based on the most widely understood words and pronunciations.

concept_name: Mandarin


sentence: Several districts form one region.

sentences_after: On the other hand, one district is made of several municipalities, which are further divided into cadastral areas.

concept_name: several district


sentence: Official languages are Arabic and Berber.

headings: Algeria Languages

concept_name: official language


sentence: Women gain the right to vote in Utah Territory.

headings:
February 12
Events

concept_name: woman


sentence: German troops enter Austria.

concept_name: german troop


sentence: Musical criticism is about what is going on in the musical world at the moment.

sentences_before: When people write about the history of music or compare musical styles, this is called musicology.

concept_name: musical criticism


sentence: Laws are created often to control violence.

sentences_before: Violence' is when someone attacks someone else, often to get them to do something they do not want to do by making them feel pain or fear.

sentences_before: Violence can mean anything from one person hitting another to a war between many countries that causes millions of deaths.

sentences_before: Different people may see different acts as violent.

concept_name: law


sentence: Yields can be different because of inflation.

sentences_after: Extremely risky instruments with high yield are usually called junk bonds.

concept_name: yield


sentence: Adjectives can also describe nouns.

sentences_before: These words usually do not go with other kinds of words like verbs or adverbs.

sentences_after: In English, there are more nouns than any other kind of word.

concept_name: adjective


sentence: Nouns are ordered into 'common nouns', and 'proper nouns'.

headings:
Noun
Kinds of nouns and how they are ordered

sentences_after: The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language'.

concept_name: noun


sentence: Most adjectives become nouns by adding the suffix 'ness'.

headings:
Noun
How adjectives become nouns


sentence: Some social networks are held together by the ties of religion.

sentences_after: A mosque, church or temple is almost always a center of a social network, and often that network has a name and an identity of its own that is not that of the religious organization.

concept_name: social network


sentence: Fashion can also mean a style of language or behaviour.

sentences_after: Fashions are a kind of nonverbal communication.

sentences_after: They communicate something, but exactly what is something of a mystery.

sentences_after: Often what they express is membership of a particular group.

concept_name: fashion


sentence: Fashions are a kind of nonverbal communication.

sentences_before: Fashion can also mean a style of language or behaviour.


sentence: Fashions are like trends.

sentences_after: They change more quickly than the entire culture.

sentences_after: The term 'fashion' is often used a synonym for glamour and style.

sentences_after: Sometimes the term is used in a negative sense, to mean a 'fad'.


sentence: Fashion is more than just a designer's whim.

headings:
Fashion
Clothing fashions

sentences_after: Fashion is a reflection of a given time, socially, politically, economically, and artistically.

sentences_after: The changing styles show just as much about history and the time period as any history book.

sentences_after: It reflects on what people think, what they valued and how they lived.

sentences_after: Fashion is a statement, a way of living.


sentence: Fashion is a reflection of a given time, socially, politically, economically, and artistically.

sentences_before: Fashion is more than just a designer's whim.

sentences_after: Fashion is used in different ways such as clothing, culture, religions etc.


sentence: Fashion is a statement, a way of living.

sentences_before: Fashion is a reflection of a given time, socially, politically, economically, and artistically.

sentences_before: The changing styles show just as much about history and the time period as any history book.

sentences_before: It reflects on what people think, what they valued and how they lived.


sentence: Fashion is used in different ways such as clothing, culture, religions etc.

sentences_before: Fashion is a statement, a way of living.


sentence: Fashion is a way to express one's self.

sentences_after: Many teenagers show their ideas and opinions by the way they look.

sentences_after: They may want to look unique and individual, often to be a member of a group which looks unique.

sentences_after: It helps people to make their first opinion of you and can influence the opinions and ideas of other people.


sentence: Many teenagers show their ideas and opinions by the way they look.

concept_name: teenager


sentence: Most divisions only separate each other by few lbs.

sentences_before: In boxing, the term 'heavyweight' is used for a specific group of people based on weight.

sentences_before: A heavyweight is a boxer who weighs more than 201 lbs.

sentences_before: Boxing organizations created many divisions so that fighters could fight people of the same size but mostly because more champions are created thus more profit.

concept_name: division


sentence: Some people show their family history using a family tree.

sentences_after: A family tree is a diagram of the members of a family.

sentences_after: With a family tree you use lines to show how people are related, for example, people who are married or have children.

concept_name: people


sentence: Some people keep track of their family history data in a genealogy database on their computer.

sentences_after: Examples of data that a person would save are dates and places of births, marriages, and deaths.

sentences_after: Other information that might be saved are records of military service, census records which show where ancestors lived at a certain time, immigration data, education, occupations, and even photos of the ancestors.


sentence: Rice is believed to have been first grown in ancient southern China and India.

sentences_after: Rice growing was brought to Japan possibly in the 1st century BC, and became popular during the 2nd century and the 3rd century.

sentences_after: From India, rice spread to southern Europe and Africa.

concept_name: rice


sentence: Rice contains a lot of carbohydrates.

sentences_after: Brown rice is rice that has only had the outer layer removed.

sentences_after: It contains more fibre than normal rice, which is called white rice.


sentence: Brown rice is rice that has only had the outer layer removed.

sentences_before:
Rice contains a lot of carbohydrates.
There are different kinds of rice.

concept_name: brown rice


sentence: Many musicians think it was one of the greatest pieces of music ever written.

sentences_before: The most famous Requiem from the 18th century is the one by Mozart.

sentences_after: It was left unfinished when Mozart died.

concept_name: musician


sentence: Pieces can start anywhere on the keyboard.

sentences_before: It is also easy to recognize Middle C in notation.

concept_name: piece


sentence: Yoga uses breathing techniques, exercise and meditation.

sentences_after: It claims to improve health and happiness.

concept_name: yoga


sentence: Many people think it is one of the world's most sacred rivers.


sentence: Heresy is to deny the authority of a established authority.

headings:
Schism (religion)
Use within Christianity

sentences_after: Schism means that the opposing parties have a disagreement within the establishment.

sentences_after: Both groups have to accept that they are in schism.

concept_name: Heresy


sentence: Schism means that the opposing parties have a disagreement within the establishment.

sentences_before: Heresy is to deny the authority of a established authority.

concept_name: schism


sentence: Honest people disagree about complex topics.

sentences_before: For example, many things most people believe are wrong - agreeing is not truth.

sentences_after: A Simple English Wikipedia user's point of view and idea of 'neutral' is not always the same as that of a Simple English Wikipedia contributor.

concept_name: honest people


sentence: Cattle are the most common type of large domesticated hoofed animals.

sentences_before: Bos' and is such that it is never specific to gender, age, breed or type.

sentences_before: Within the general term of cattle itself, are cows, bulls, oxen, heifers, steers, bullocks and calves.

sentences_after: They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae.

concept_name: Cattle


sentence: Cattle usually stay together in groups called 'herds'.

sentences_before: The horns come out on either side of the head above the ears and are a simple shape, usually curved upwards but sometimes down.

sentences_after: One male, called a 'bull' will usually have a number of 'cows' in a herd as his harem.

sentences_after: The cows usually give birth to one 'calf' a year, though twins are also known to be born.

sentences_after: The 'calves' have long strong legs and can walk a few minutes after they are born, so they can follow the herd.

frequency: usually


sentence: Common knowledge is that calves bawl, cows moo and bulls bellow.

headings: Cattle Biology

sentences_before: When they are angry or upset, they can bellow or bawl quite loudly.

concept_name: common knowledge


sentence: Steers have no other purpose except to be raised, sold and slaughtered for beef.

sentences_before: For the reasons above, most male cattle are either sent to slaughter while they are still calves or are castrated so that they are much less likely to fight each other, or be aggressive towards the farmer that is raising them, making them safer to handle and keep until it is time to send them to market.

concept_name: steer


sentence: Cattle are very useful animals.

headings:
Cattle
Uses of Cattle

sentences_after: Their milk can be drank and turned into cheese and yogurt.

sentences_after: They can make the power to turn flour mills or pump water.


sentence: Many oxen are still in use all over the world, especially in poor countries.

headings:
Cattle
Uses of Cattle
Oxen

sentences_before: Oxen can pull harder and longer than horses, especially for very large loads.

sentences_before: They are not as fast as horses, but they are less often injured or less likely to startle than horses are.

concept_name: oxen


sentence: Annelids are made of one or more body segments.

sentences_after: Annelids reproduce sexually by hermaphroditic cross-fertilization.

sentences_after: They can regenerate cut off pieces of their body.

sentences_after: Unlike sponges, which can come back together if ripped apart.

sentences_after: They have a hydrostatic skeleton, a one-way digestion system, and bilateral symmetry.

concept_name: annelid


sentence: Annelids reproduce sexually by hermaphroditic cross-fertilization.

sentences_before: Annelids are made of one or more body segments.


sentence: Annelid worms have a nervous system.

headings:
Annelid
Nervous system

sentences_after: The Annelida and their close relatives, in Anderson D.T. 'Invertebrate Zoology'.

concept_name: annelid worm


sentence: Some bristle worms have poison bristles.

headings: Polychaete Description

sentences_after: The bristles will break off in the skin of a predator that tries to pick up the animal and sting the predator painfully.

concept_name: bristle worm


sentence: Most bristle worms are scavengers, but some are good predators, eating fishes and coral.

headings:
Polychaete
Bristle worm diet

sentences_after: They are usually found hiding in reefs and rocky places.

sentences_after: They crawl along the sea floor or the bottom of a tide pool, looking for something to eat.


sentence: Planktonic larvae develop, grow into annelids and eventually sink to the bottom of the water.

concept_name: planktonic larvae


sentence: Blood is rich in proteins.

sentences_before: Hematophagy' is the habit of certain animals to feed on blood.

sentences_after: Examples of animals that feed on blood are mosquitoes, vampire bats and leeches.

concept_name: blood


sentence: Crinoids have a mouth on the top surface that is surrounded by feeding arms.

sentences_before: All crinoids are marine, and live both in shallow water and in depths as great as 6000 meters.

sentences_before: The basic echinoderm pattern of fivefold symmetry can be recognized, but most crinoids have many more than five arms.

concept_name: crinoid


sentence: Thunder is made when lightning strikes.

concept_name: thunder


sentence: Most species live in forests or woodland habitats.

sentences_before: The 'woodpeckers' and its near relatives the 'piculets', 'wrynecks' and 'sapsuckers' are the family 'Picidae'.

sentences_before: They are near-passerine birds.11 families similar to the passerine birds.

concept_name: specie


sentence: Many species are threatened or endangered due to loss of habitat or habitat fragmentation.

sentences_before: There are about 200 species and about 30 genera in this family.


sentence: Woodpeckers operate mainly on tree trunks, staying in place propped up by their stiff tail feathers.

headings: Woodpecker Habits

sentences_after: Piculets and wrynecks live mainly on the branches, and they lack the stiffened tail feathers.

concept_name: woodpecker


sentence: China invents paper, which is first used by the military.

headings: 8 Events null Asia

concept_name: China


sentence: Prokaryotes are unicellular.

sentences_before: The word 'prokaryote' describes a type of cell.

sentences_before: They generally do not have a cell nucleus, nor cell organelles, however a small number of exceptions have been found.

concept_name: prokaryote


sentence: Scientists study the way the parts of nature work.

sentences_before: The words 'nature' and 'natural' are used for all the things that are normally not made by humans.

sentences_before: Things like weather, organisms, landforms, celestial bodies and much more are part of nature.

sentences_after: Things that have been made by people are said to be man-made or called artifacts.

concept_name: scientist


sentence: Humans interact with each other in their natural environment on a constant basis.

sentences_before: From one point of view, humans are a prime example of nature, and are the most widely studied natural inhabitants of the planet earth.

sentences_after: Every part of nature  everything from the air to the dirt on the ground  is interdependent.

sentences_after: Medicine studies humans in health and sickness.

concept_name: human


sentence: Medicine studies humans in health and sickness.

sentences_before: Humans interact with each other in their natural environment on a constant basis.

sentences_before: Every part of nature  everything from the air to the dirt on the ground  is interdependent.

concept_name: medicine


sentence: Mature adults have a pair of ear-like fins.

headings:
Vampire squid
Physical description

sentences_after: These fins stand out from the lateral sides of the mantle.

sentences_after: Their powerful beak-like jaws are as white as ivory.

sentences_after: These pouches hide the tactile 'velar filaments'.

sentences_after: The filaments are analogous to a true squid's tentacles, extending well past the arms, however, they are a different arm pair than the squid's tentacles.

concept_name: mature adult


sentence: Dill seed is used as a spice, with a flavor similar to caraway.

headings: Dill Uses

concept_name: dill seed


sentence: Xenophobia can also mean the fear of trying new things.

sentences_before: Xenophobia' is the fear or dislike of strangers or unknown things.

sentences_after: It is the fear of foreign things or people.

concept_name: Xenophobia


sentence: Nuclear reactors use nuclear reactions to make heat and electricity.

sentences_before: Nuclear reactions occur in the sun, in nuclear reactors, in particle accelerators, and in outer space.

sentences_before: Other than radioactive decay, very few nuclear reactions occur on earth except in these special places.

sentences_after: Accelerators sometimes cause nuclear reactions to make radioactive materials.

sentences_after: Particles from outer space cause nuclear reactions in earth's atmosphere that make air slightly radioactive.

concept_name: nuclear reactor


sentence: Accelerators sometimes cause nuclear reactions to make radioactive materials.

sentences_before: Nuclear reactors use nuclear reactions to make heat and electricity.

frequency: sometimes

concept_name: accelerator


sentence: Many greenhouses also have glass or plastic walls.

concept_name: greenhouse


sentence: Greenhouses get hot during the day.

sentences_before: Many greenhouses also have glass or plastic walls.


sentence: Greenhouses come in many different sizes.

headings:
Greenhouse
Types of greenhouses

sentences_after: Some people have small greenhouses in their backyard, outside their home.

sentences_after: Their structures range in size from small sheds to very large buildings.

sentences_after: They are used by people with smaller gardens, those on a budget as well as those that want to start off their seeds and seedlings in a protected environment as we as those growing things that need warmer conditions - say tomatoes or even beans.


sentence: Some people have small greenhouses in their backyard, outside their home.

sentences_before: Greenhouses come in many different sizes.

concept_name: people


sentence: Greenhouses are used to grow crops in cold countries such as Canada.

headings:
Greenhouse
Role of green houses

sentences_before: Many vegetables and flowers are grown in greenhouses in late winter and early spring, when it is still too cold to grow plants outside.

sentences_before: Then these plants are moved to the soil outside as the weather warms up.


sentence: Greenhouses usually have vents that can be opened to let excess heat out.

headings:
Greenhouse
Gardening in greenhouses

sentences_before: Gardening and growing plants in greenhouses is different from growing plants outside.

sentences_before: No rain can get inside a greenhouse, so gardeners have to put water on the plants.

sentences_before: As well, greenhouses can get very hot from the sun's heat, so gardeners have to make sure that it does not get too hot for the plants.

sentences_after: Some greenhouses have electric exhaust fans that automatically turn on if it gets too hot in the greenhouse.


sentence: Retraction requires the contraction of two internal muscles.

headings:
Short-beaked Echidna
Description
Tongue

sentences_before: The tongue of the Short-beaked Echidna is the animal's only way of catching prey.

sentences_before: The tongue is sticky because of the presence of glycoprotein-rich mucous.

sentences_before: This mucus both lubricates movement in and out of the snout and helps to catch ants and termites, which stick to it.

sentences_before: Sticking out the tongue is achieved by contracting the circular muscles that change the shape of the tongue and force it forward, and contraction of two muscles attached to the caudal end of the tongue and to the mandible.

sentences_before: The protruded tongue is stiffened by the rapid flow of blood, allowing it to penetrate wood and soil.

sentences_after: This allows the animal to both capture and grind food.

sentences_after: The tongue moves with great speed, and has been measured to move in and out of the snout 100 times a minute.

concept_name: retraction


sentence: Fertilisation occurs in the oviduct.

headings:
Short-beaked Echidna
Reproduction

sentences_after: Gestation takes between 21 and 28 days, during which time the female constructs a nursery burrow.

sentences_after: Ten days after it is laid, the egg hatches within the pouch.

concept_name: fertilisation


sentence: Captive breeding is difficult, partly because of the relatively infrequent breeding cycle.

headings:
Short-beaked Echidna
Conservation status

sentences_after: This has conservation implications for the endangered species of echidna from the genus 'Zaglossus', and to a lesser extent for the Short-beaked Echidna.

concept_name: captive breeding


sentence: Echidnas are one of the two types of mammals that lay eggs.

concept_name: echidna


sentence: Eukaryote protists have special organelles, and some bacteria also produce light.

sentences_before: Bioluminescence' is the capacity of living things to produce light.

sentences_before: In this, the larger organism contains, often in a special organ, microorganisms which make the light.

sentences_after: Bioluminescence is the result of chemical processes, where the energy produced is released as visible light.

sentences_after: Bioluminescence has appeared many times during evolution.

concept_name: eukaryote protist


sentence: Visible light is produced when the photon production increases.

sentences_before: The role of Gamma Proteobacteria in producing light is discussed in detail in reference works.

sentences_after: In the case of bacteria, the original function of the reaction was probably to detoxify excessive oxygen.

concept_name: visible light


sentence: Bioluminescence is mainly a marine phenomenon.

headings:
Bioluminescence
The oceans

concept_name: bioluminescence


sentence: Bioluminescence is found in the sea at all levels.

sentences_after: Most deep-sea marine life use bioluminescence in one form or another.

sentences_after: Usually, marine light-emission belongs in the blue and green light spectrum, the wavelengths that can transmit through seawater most easily.

sentences_after: Haddock S.H.D. Moline M.A. and Case J.F. 2010.


sentence: Bioluminescence is used as a lure to attract prey by several deep sea fish such as the anglerfish.

headings:
Bioluminescence
Functions of bioluminescence
Attraction

sentences_after: A dangling lure on the head of the fish attracts small animals to it within striking distance.

sentences_after: Some fish, however, use a non-bioluminescent lure.


sentence: Bioluminescent organisms are a target for many areas of research.

headings: Bioluminescence Biotechnology

sentences_after: Luciferase systems are widely used in the field of genetic engineering.

sentences_after: Luciferin' can be added to molecules and cells to make them visible under the microscope.

concept_name: bioluminescent organism


sentence: Lymphatic vessels carry 'lymph', a colorless, watery fluid and white blood cells.

sentences_after: It comes  from interstitial fluid in the tissues which is squeezed out of the blood vessels.

sentences_after: The lymphatic system transports infection-fighting cells called lymphocytes, and is involved in the removal of foreign matter and cell debris by phagocytes.

sentences_after: A second function is to transport fats from the small intestine to the blood.

concept_name: lymphatic vessel


sentence: Most people have ten fingers and ten toes.


sentence: Metallic bonds are found in metals like zinc.

concept_name: metallic bond


sentence: Brighter areas have a greater magnitude.

sentences_after: The direction of the field is not visible.

concept_name: brighter area


sentence: Tube worms get energy from bacteria which live in their plumes.

concept_name: tube worm


sentence: Tube worms form an important part of the community around a hydrothermal vent.

headings:
Hydrothermal vent
Biological communities

sentences_after: They absorb nutrients directly into their tissues.

sentences_after: There are approximately 285 billion bacteria per ounce of tubeworm tissue.


sentence: Reverse thrust is the opposite of forward thrust.

headings: Thrust Examples

sentences_after: In this way air is pushed in the same way as the motion of the body.

sentences_after: Reverse thrust can be used to help braking after landing.

sentences_after: This can be done by changing the direction that a propeller turns.

concept_name: reverse thrust


sentence: Birds normally achieve thrust during flight by flapping their wings.

concept_name: bird


sentence: Some men have other intersex conditions.

headings:
Man
Biology and gender

sentences_before: Biology is not the only thing which makes people feel they are men, or that other people are men.

sentences_before: Perhaps one in 100,000 men were born without a male body.

sentences_before: We call these 'transgender' or 'transsexual' men.

concept_name: man


sentence: Many fables are so well-known that their morals have become English sayings.

concept_name: fable


sentence: Old land is mostly green, new one is darker in color.

sentences_before: The Zuiderzee in the Netherlands was partly changed into land by building polders and draining them.

concept_name: old land


sentences_before: The Zuiderzee in the Netherlands is a Polder.


sentence: Resistance is the restriction of current.

sentences_before: A 'resistor' is a limiter of the electrical current that flows through a circuit.

sentences_after: Often in a resistor the electrons that pass through the resistor are changed to various kinds of energy.

sentences_after: The most common forms of energy that electrons are converted to are heat and light.

sentences_after: For example, in a light bulb there is a resistor made of tungsten which converts the electrons into light.

concept_name: resistance


sentence: Most resistors used in electronics today are carbon resistors.

headings:
Resistor
Resistor Materials

sentences_before: There are many different types of resistors you can find.

sentences_before: They are all made with a resistance material encased in a non-conductive material casing, such as plastic.

sentences_before: Fixed resistors are usually made of carbon encased in  a plastic cylinder, with a connecting wire on either end.

sentences_after: Older resistors were made of a poorly conducting metal, in order to restrict the flow of electricity.

concept_name: resistor


sentence: Fish do, especially oily ones, such as salmon, sardine and mackerel.

headings:
Vitamin D
Getting enough

sentences_before: Very few foods naturally contain much D3.

sentences_after: Many kinds of edible mushrooms contain some D2, like shiitake.

sentences_after: Mushrooms grown in full sunlight tend to have more.

concept_name: fish


sentence: Mushrooms grown in full sunlight tend to have more.

sentences_before: Fish do, especially oily ones, such as salmon, sardine and mackerel.

sentences_before: Many kinds of edible mushrooms contain some D2, like shiitake.

concept_name: mushroom


sentence: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble nutrient.

sentences_after: This means that any portion not used immediately is stored in fat tissue for future use.

concept_name: vitamin d


sentence: Many theologians still think so.

sentences_before: The traditional view is that both the two books were written 'c.' 60 by a companion of Paul named Luke.

sentences_after: But some think the books were written by an unknown author at a later date, sometime between 80 and 150.

concept_name: theologian


sentence: Satire can either be in paintings, plays, books, songs, TV or movies.

sentences_before: Satire' is a form in art or writing which ridicules either a person, government, or an institution, often through the use of humour.

concept_name: satire


sentence: Satire often points out ironic or bad things that powerful people are doing.


sentence: Most natural resources are limited.

headings:
Natural resource
Supply

sentences_after: This means they will eventually run out.

sentences_after: A perpetual resource has a never-ending supply.

sentences_after: Some examples of perpetual resources include solar energy, tidal energy, and wind energy.

concept_name: natural resource


sentence: All places have their own natural resources.

headings:
Natural resource
Availability

sentences_after: When people do not have a certain resource they need, they can either replace it with another resource, or trade with another country to get the resource.

concept_name: place


sentence: Quakers think that the truth is very important.

headings:
Religious Society of Friends
Beliefs

sentences_after: They believe that it is wrong to make an oath or promise.

sentences_after: This is because they think people should tell the truth all the time.

sentences_after: Making a promise shows that they are trying to be more truthful than normal.

sentences_after: Instead, Quakers believe that they should simply say what they are going to do.

concept_name: quaker


sentence: Many people see it as the national river of Russia.

sentences_before: The 'Volga' is the longest river of Europe.

sentences_after: It flows through the western part of the country.

sentences_after: It is Europe's longest river, with a length of 3,690 kilometres, and forms the core of the largest river system in Europe.

sentences_after: It rises in the Valdai Hills of Russia, 225m above sea level north-west of Moscow.

sentences_after: The Kama, Oka, Vetluga and the Sura are its main tributaries.

sentences_after: The Volga and its tributaries form the Volga river system, which drains an area of about 1.35 million square kilometres in Russia.

concept_name: people


sentence: Bryozoans can reproduce both sexually and asexually.

headings:
Bryozoa
Reproduction & development

concept_name: bryozoan


sentence: Bryozoans are almost entirely colony-forming animals.

headings: Bryozoa Ecology

sentences_after: Many millions of individuals can form one colony.

sentences_after: The colonies range from millimeters to meters in size, but the individuals that make up the colonies are tiny, usually less than a millimeter long.

sentences_after: In each colony, different individuals have different functions.

sentences_after: There is only a single known solitary species, 'Monobryozoon ambulans', which does not form colonies.


sentence: Digital identity is the representation of identity in terms of digital information.

headings:
Identity
Social science and psychology

concept_name: digital identity


sentence: Online identity is the digital identity established by computer network users.

concept_name: online identity


sentence: Corporate identity is the physical manifestation of a business brand.

headings: Identity Business

concept_name: corporate identity


sentence: Equations are equal.

sentences_before: Equivalence in a more general sense is provided by the construction of an equivalence relation between two sets, that is, the two sets have exactly the same elements.

sentences_before: The sets do not need to be finite to be equal.

sentences_before: A statement that two expressions denote equal quantities is an equation.

concept_name: equation


sentence: Inequalities are unequal.

concept_name: inequality


sentence: Numbers are equal, geometrical objects are congruent.

sentences_before: In geometry, the word congruence is often preferred.

sentences_after: Two shapes are congruent if one can be moved or rotated so that it fits exactly where the other one is.

sentences_after: If you have to shrink or enlarge one of the two objects, they are not congruent.

concept_name: number


sentence: Ministries are usually subordinate to the cabinet, and prime minister, president or chancellor.

sentences_after: A government will usually have several ministries, each with a specialised field of service.

sentences_after: National ministries vary greatly between countries, but some common ones include Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Finance, and  Ministry of Health.

concept_name: ministry


sentence: Normal gardening needs heavy tools to loosen the soil.

headings:
Square foot gardening
Benefits of square foot gardening

sentences_after: In this method, the soil is never compacted and it remains loose.

concept_name: normal gardening


sentence: Less water is wasted.

sentences_before: The loose ground holds the water better.

sentences_before: This type of garden needs water less often than other methods .

sentences_before: Also, water is placed very near the plant roots.

concept_name: Less water


sentence: Pentatonic scales are very common and are found in folk music from all over the world.

sentences_before: In music, a 'pentatonic scale' is a scale with five notes in each octave.

concept_name: pentatonic scale


sentence: Many folksongs are pentatonic, or nearly pentatonic.

concept_name: folksong


sentence: Every behavior is some kind of non-verbal communication.

number: every

concept_name: behavior


sentence: Jellyfish occur in four of the classes.

headings: Cnidaria Subdivisions

concept_name: jellyfish