sentence: Advertisers influence our identity by making adverts.

sentences_after: Many people agree that they influence our identity and they have a huge impact on our life.

sentences_after: They influence our identity by using things such as techniques, stereotypes and targeting our audience.

sentences_after: Our personal identity is who we are and what things make us up such as occupation, beliefs, personality, self esteem, lifestyle, relationships, friends, how we look and what we wear.

sentences_after: Advertisers use techniques to grab people's attention.

sentences_after: For example, to make a burger look tasty in advertising, it may be painted with brown food colouring, sprayed with waterproofing to prevent it from going soggy and sesame seeds may be superglued in place.

concept_name: advertiser


repository: local

sentence: Many people agree that they influence our identity and they have a huge impact on our life.

sentences_before: Advertisers influence our identity by making adverts.

sentences_after: Advertising can bring new customers and more sales for the business.

number: many

concept_name: people


sentence: Advertisers use techniques to grab people's attention.

sentences_before: Many people agree that they influence our identity and they have a huge impact on our life.

sentences_before: They influence our identity by using things such as techniques, stereotypes and targeting our audience.

sentences_before: Our personal identity is who we are and what things make us up such as occupation, beliefs, personality, self esteem, lifestyle, relationships, friends, how we look and what we wear.

sentences_after: It can be expensive but can help make a business make more money.


sentence: Advertising can bring new customers and more sales for the business.

sentences_before: Advertisers use techniques to grab people's attention.

sentences_before: For example, to make a burger look tasty in advertising, it may be painted with brown food colouring, sprayed with waterproofing to prevent it from going soggy and sesame seeds may be superglued in place.

concept_name: advertising


sentence: Advertising happens in many different ways.

headings:
Advertising
Types of advertising

sentences_after: Many products are advertised on television, although not all channels permit advertising.

sentences_after: The advertisements usually appear during breaks between a television show.

sentences_after: They are usually for products, other television shows or movies and are not normally much longer than 30 seconds.

sentences_after: Some radio stations have audio advertisements that play between programmes.


sentence: Some radio stations have audio advertisements that play between programmes.

sentences_before: Advertising happens in many different ways.

sentences_before: Many products are advertised on television, although not all channels permit advertising.

sentences_before: The advertisements usually appear during breaks between a television show.

sentences_before: They are usually for products, other television shows or movies and are not normally much longer than 30 seconds.

number: some

concept_name: radio station


sentence: Advertising also takes place on websites.

sentences_after: They are often still images or flash animations.

sentences_after: The owner of the website will get money when a user clicks on the advertisement.

sentences_after: Sometimes they will get a percentage of the money if they buy a product.


sentence: Adverts also appear in newspapers, magazines and sports programmes.

sentences_before: Billboards advertise products on city streets.

sentences_before: These may simply be freestanding billboards or may be part of street furniture such as a bus shelter.

sentences_before: Buses and taxis are often covered in adverts, while budget airlines sometimes allow advertising inside their planes.

sentences_after: Many stadiums have adverts set around them.

sentences_after: Sports teams, tournaments, television programmes and public events sometimes have sponsors.

concept_name: advert


sentence: Poor adverts can damage sales or spoil a brands identity.

headings: Advertising Techniques

sentences_before: Advertisers use many different techniques to get people to notice there adverts, often using deliberately shocking or provocative images.

sentences_before: Sex is also often used by advertisers in this way.

sentences_before: Once they have managed to make people notice their advert, they need to 'sell' the product or brand.

sentences_before: They may try to make the product look appealing, however often advertisers use humour to get people to remember the brand without actually promoting the product.

concept_name: poor advert


sentence: Many amphibians are a popular exotic pet and are found in pet stores that sell reptiles.

sentences_before: Tree frogs like to climb and can escape if a pet owner does not add a top cover for their tanks.

sentences_before: Semi-aquatic amphibians need both land and water divided in the tank.

sentences_before: Tropical frogs would need mist and high humidity in their terrariums.

sentences_before: All amphibians water must be treated with dechlorination.

sentences_before: The chlorine can kill amphibians, and are found in tap water.

concept_name: amphibian


sentence: Fossils are known from the larval stage, metamorphosis, and maturity.

sentences_before: Fossils have been found on every continent.

sentences_before: Their evolutionary history spans 210 million years.

sentences_before: During this time, they adapted to a wide range of habitats including fresh water, terrestrial, and even coastal marine environments.

sentences_after: Most temnospondyls were semiaquatic, although some were almost fully terrestrial, returning to the water only to breed.

sentences_after: These temnospondyls were some of the first vertebrates fully adapted to life on land.

sentences_after: Although temnospondyls are considered amphibians, many had characteristics such as scales, claws, and armour-like bony plates which modern amphibians do not have.

concept_name: fossil


sentence: Name parameter is optional, and it defaults to , i.e. the article title.

headings:
Template:IAAF name/doc
Usage

sentences_before: The only mandatory parameter is 'id', XXX being the athlete's numerical code used by the IAAF's database.

sentences_before: The 'letter' parameter may be needed and is the first letter in the surname of the athlete.

concept_name: name parameter


sentence: Pure hydrogen is very uncommon in the Earth's atmosphere.

headings:
Hydrogen
Hydrogen in nature

sentences_after: Hydrogen is also in all living things, as a part of the organic compounds that living things are made of.

sentences_after: In addition, hydrogen atoms can combine with carbon atoms to form hydrocarbons.

sentences_after: Petroleum and other fossil fuels are made of these hydrocarbons and commonly used to create energy for human use.

concept_name: pure hydrogen


sentence: Nuclear fusion is a very powerful source of energy.

headings:
Hydrogen
Uses of Hydrogen
Hydrogen as fuel (fusion)

sentences_after: It relies on forcing atoms together to make helium and energy, exactly as happens in a star like the Sun, or in a hydrogen bomb.

sentences_after: This needs a large amount of energy to get started, and is not easy to do yet.

sentences_after: A big advantage over nuclear fission, which is used in nuclear power stations, is that no waste is produced, and no toxic fuel like uranium is needed.

concept_name: nuclear fusion


sentence: Green toads are green or yellow with black spots.

sentences_after: They will breed in spring, summer and autumn.

sentences_after: Males will call a female to lay her eggs in his territory.

concept_name: green toad


sentence: Filter feeders can help clear water.

sentences_before: Filter feeders' are animals that feed on matter and food particles from water.

sentences_before: Some animals that do this are clams, krill, sponges, baleen whales and many fish such as sharks.

sentences_before: Some birds such as flamingos are also filter feeders.

concept_name: filter feeder


sentence: Access is leased to foreign militaries and private companies for their own testing of weapons.

sentences_before: Between 1955 and 1963, the British ran a series of seven nuclear-weapon tests at Maralinga, then inside the range.

sentences_before: The Joint Project ran until 1980, when the British withdrew from the program.

sentences_before: The range is still used as a testing site by the Australian Defence Force.

concept_name: access


sentence: Many Greek poets mention the game in their works.

sentences_before: The game is played by flinging a bit of wine from one's cup at targets.

sentences_before: The game was probably of Sicilian origin but spread throughout the Greek world.

sentences_after: By the time of the Roman Empire and the Age of Alexander the Great, the game had died out.

sentences_after: It is not mentioned in Latin literature.

concept_name: greek poet


sentence: Sturgeon are anadromous.

sentences_after: This means they spawn in fresh water and migrate to salt water to mature.

concept_name: sturgeon


sentence: Eroticism is an 'erotic' feeling.

sentences_before: In other words, if something is sexually exciting, then it is said to be 'erotic'.

sentences_after: It is named after Eros, the Ancient Greek god of love.

concept_name: eroticism


sentence: Every death is caused by evil spirits or spells.

sentences_before: A 'featherfoot' is a sorcerer in Australian Aboriginal spirituality.

sentences_before: A featherfoot is usually a bad spirit who kills people.

sentences_before: In most traditional Aboriginal beliefs, there is no such thing as a natural death.

sentences_after: It is usually because of an enemy, who wants revenge for something.

number: every

concept_name: death


sentence: Article shows editing patterns often used by spambots.

concept_name: article


sentence: Sirens are found only in the southeastern United States and northern Mexico.

sentences_before: Sirenidae' or 'sirens' is a family of aquatic salamanders.

sentences_before: They have very small front legs and do not have back legs.

concept_name: siren


sentence: Diets are usually fish and frogs.

sentences_before: Water vipers' are a species of venomous snakes found in the southern United States.

sentences_before: They are capable of performing a highly painful bite.

sentences_before: If they are antagonized they stand their ground by coiling their bodies and then show off their fangs.

sentences_before: These snakes are almost always found in or near water.

concept_name: diet


sentence: Equality Now works to make legal changes in countries to better lives of females.

sentences_after: Also, she is working to restore the river in Los Angeles.

sentences_after: She is a member of the board of directors for a group working to restore the river area.

concept_name: equality


sentence: Students study and compare history and culture between Japan and the rest of the world.

headings:
Showa Women's University
Departments
Undergraduate School
Faculty of Humanities & Culture

concept_name: student


sentence: Children here learn English, science, and arts.

headings:
Showa Women's University
Showa Kindergarten

sentences_before: Showa Kindergarten was established in 1951.

sentences_after: Most students from the kindergarten enter Showa Elementary School.

concept_name: child


sentence: Birds are the main dispersal agents of the seeds, consuming the fruit during their fall migration.

sentences_before: The fruits are edible with a mild flavour somewhat like apples.

sentences_before: The large seeds within are somewhat hard and crunchy.

sentences_after: In Alaska, bunchberry is an important forage plant for mule deer, black-tailed deer and moose, which consume it throughout the growing season.

sentences_after: Forest stand-age related differences in apparent nutritional quality of forage for deer in southeastern Alaska.

sentences_after: Proceedings of the symposium on plant-herbivore interactions'.

concept_name: bird


sentence: People are born with a certain religion.

sentences_before: They are folk religions, and combine different beliefs.

sentences_before: In general, people in the cities confess to either Christianity or Islam.

sentences_before: The people outside the cities confess to the traditional religions.

sentences_before: These religions are omnipresent in everyday life.

sentences_before: All that happens has a supernatural cause, rooted in religion.

sentences_after: Normally conversions from one belief system to another do not take place.

sentences_after: There is a central belief in a 'life force' which links everyday life with the metaphysical.

sentences_after: Generally, such religions are full of life, and have a low esteem for an ascetic lifestyle.

sentences_after: There is also the fear of spirits, the dead, and of magic, which influence everyday life.

concept_name: People


sentence: Many vultures have a bald head, with no feathers.

sentences_before: Both Old World and New World vultures are scavenging birds.

sentences_before: They feed mostly from carcasses of dead animals.

sentences_before: Old World vultures find carcasses only by sight.

sentences_after: Because of how a vulture eats their head is spattered with blood and other fluids.

sentences_after: They are able to keep clean by not having feathers on their head.

concept_name: vulture


sentence: Juveniles have rusty-brown edges on the collar and underparts.

sentences_before: The Sacred Kingfisher is mostly turquoise, with white underparts and collar feathers.

sentences_before: The females are usually more dull colored.

concept_name: juvenile


sentence: Type sites are often the first or foundational site discovered about the culture they represent.

sentences_before: A type site contains artifacts which are typical of that culture.

concept_name: type site


sentence: Rulers measure length.

sentences_before: A 'ruler'A ruler is also called a 'rule'. is an instrument of measurement.

sentences_after: Length is how long or short something is.

sentences_after: Rulers can also be used as a straight edge to draw lines with.

concept_name: ruler


sentence: Length is how long or short something is.

concept_name: length


sentence: Rulers come in many different forms.

sentences_after: They can be made of plastic, wood and metal, and other materials.

sentences_after: Rulers also come in a variety of lengths.


sentence: Rulers also come in a variety of lengths.

sentences_before: They can be made of plastic, wood and metal, and other materials.

sentences_after:
These are examples of metric rulers.
These are examples of imperial rulers.


sentence: Drivers then eat and rest before returning to drive.

sentences_before: The cars must run for 24 hours without mechanical damage.

sentences_before: It is important to manage the cars' consumables, mostly fuel, tires and braking materials.

sentences_before: The driver goes over two hours behind the wheel before stopping in the pits.

sentences_before: Then a relief driver takes over the driving duties.

sentences_after: Today it is a rule that three drivers share each car.

concept_name: driver


sentence: Mutations can happen for several reasons.

sentences_after: Damage by radiation, or by certain chemicals may cause mutations, but they do occur occasionally at random.

concept_name: mutation


sentence: Mutations are the ultimate source of variation, upon which 'natural selection' acts.

headings:
Mutation
Consequences of mutation

sentences_after: What happens is that some mutations affect the organism's ability to live and reproduce.

sentences_after: This is an important part of the theory of evolution.

sentences_after: The amount of heritable variation carried by a population can be huge, and as a consequence natural populations have the capacity to change and adapt to conditions in their environment.


sentence: People often eat it with kinako or anmitsu.

frequency: often


sentence: Most stingrays have one or more barbed stings on the tail, which is used 'only' for self-defense.

sentences_after: The sting is covered with a thin layer of skin, the sheath, in which the venom is held.

sentences_after: A few members of the suborder, such as the manta rays and the porcupine ray, do not have stings.

number: Most

concept_name: stingray


sentence: Stingrays are common in coastal tropical and subtropical marine waters throughout the world.

sentences_after: There are species in warm temperate oceans, and some found in the ocean.

sentences_after: Most stingrays live at or near the bottom of the water, but some are pelagic.


sentence: Most stingrays live at or near the bottom of the water, but some are pelagic.

sentences_before: Stingrays are common in coastal tropical and subtropical marine waters throughout the world.

sentences_before: There are species in warm temperate oceans, and some found in the ocean.


sentence: Stingrays settle on the bottom while feeding, often leaving only their eyes and tail visible.

headings: Stingray Lifestyle


sentence: Stingrays agitate the sand and hide beneath it.

sentences_before: The flattened bodies of stingrays allow them to hide themselves.

sentences_after: Because their eyes are on top of their bodies and their mouths on the undersides, stingrays cannot see their prey.


sentence: Stingrays feed mostly on molluscs, crustaceans, and occasionally on small fish.

sentences_after: Some stingrays' mouths contain two powerful, shell-crushing plates, while other species only have sucking mouthparts.


sentence: Stingrays are ovoviviparous, bearing live young in 'litters' of five to thirteen.

headings: Stingray Lifestyle Reproduction

sentences_after: The female holds the embryos in the womb without a placenta.


sentence: Tarantula hawks are also nectarivores, meaning they eat the nectar of flowers.

headings:
Tarantula hawk
Behavior

sentences_before: Then the wasp drags the tarantula to her burrow or takes it to a specially made nest, where it lays a single egg on the tarantula's abdomen.

sentences_before: Once the egg hatches the larva makes a hole in the tarantula's abdomen.

sentences_before: It then crawls into the tarantula and feeds on the insides.

sentences_before: After a while the wasp turns into an adult and comes out of the tarantula's abdomen.

sentences_after: Unlike the females, males do not hunt for tarantulas.

sentences_after: Instead they feed on the nectar of flowers of milkweeds, western soapberry trees, or mesquite trees, which the females also feed on.

concept_name: tarantula hawk


sentence: Tarantula hawks are found in India, southeast Asia, Africa, Australia and the Americas.

headings:
Tarantula hawk
Where they live

sentences_after: In the Americas they can be found as far north as Salt Lake City, Utah in the U.S.A to as far south as Argentina in South America.


sentence: Satellite imagery shows that there is frozen ground water on the planet.

sentences_before: The 'colonization of Mars' by humans is an ongoing debate among scientists.

sentences_after: That makes Mars the best choice for a thriving colony off the Earth.

sentences_after: The Moon has been proposed as the first location for human colonization.

sentences_after: Because of this, it has potential to host humans and other organic life.

concept_name: satellite imagery


sentence: Many organizations support the colonization of Mars.

sentences_after: They have also given different reasons and ways humans can live on Mars.

sentences_after: One of the oldest organizations is the Mars Society.

sentences_after: They promote a NASA program that supports human colonies on Mars.

sentences_after: The Mars Society have set up Mars analog research stations in Canada and the United States.

sentences_after: All other organizations include MarsDrive, who wants to help fund settlements on Mars, and Mars to Stay.

concept_name: organization


sentence: Females are larger than males.

headings:
Eyelash viper
Description

sentences_after: The Eyelash Viper comes in many colors like green, yellow, red, brown or even pink.

concept_name: female


sentence: Solar flares occur in active regions around sunspots.

sentences_before: Solar flares affect all layers of the solar atmosphere such as the photosphere, chromosphere, and corona.

sentences_before: Solar flares produce radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at all wavelengths from radio waves to gamma rays.

sentences_after: Solar flares are powered by the sudden release of magnetic energy that is stored in the corona.

concept_name: solar flare


sentence: Solar flares are powered by the sudden release of magnetic energy that is stored in the corona.

sentences_before: Solar flares occur in active regions around sunspots.


sentence: Luminosity diminishes  with distance from the centre.

sentences_before: Unlike a disk-shaped spiral galaxy, Messier 87 has no distinctive dust lanes.

sentences_before: It has an almost featureless, ellipsoidal shape.

sentences_after: At the core is a supermassive black hole.

sentences_after: This is a strong source of multiwavelength radiation, particularly radio waves.

concept_name: luminosity


sentence: Males are longer and heavier than females.

headings: Delphinus Description

sentences_after: They are dark grey on the back, the belly is white, and the sides are light grey, gold, or yellow in color.

concept_name: male


sentence: Many extrasolar planets are known to move in highly elliptical orbits.

sentences_before: No information is available about the shape of the planet's orbit.

sentences_after: We only know that the semi-major axis of its orbit is within its host star's habitable zone.

sentences_after: If Kepler-22b has a highly elongated orbit it may well only spend a small fraction of its time within this habitable zone, which would cause extreme temperature differences on the planet and make it inhospitable.

concept_name: extrasolar planet


sentence: Most groups distinguish red, white, blue and yellow stars.

headings:
Australian Aboriginal astronomy
Constellations

sentences_before: In his study of the central desert peoples, anthropologist Charles P. Mountford wrote that most, if not all, of the stars seen in the southern hemisphere had Aboriginal myths associated with them.

sentences_after: So many of the constellations known to Aboriginal groups are different to those known to Western astronomers.

concept_name: group


sentence: Several groups identify it as an eagle, a sky god, or both.

headings:
Australian Aboriginal astronomy
Constellations
Emu

sentences_before: At the head of the emu, the Southern Cross is easily spotted in the sky, and there are many different interpretations of this constellation across Australia.

sentences_after: To the Ngarrindjeri of South Australia, the Southern Cross is a stingray being chased by two sharks.

sentences_after: The sharks, which is a sacred totem to the Ngarrindjeri, are represented by Alpha Centauri and Beta Centauri.

sentences_after: In Victoria, the Boorong people identified the Southern Cross as the possum Bunya hiding from an emu spirit whose outline could be seen in the Coalsack nebula.

sentences_after: In 1972, the poet Oodgeroo Noonuccal wrote of the Southern Cross as the hands and feet of a wise leader named Mirabooka, who was given eternal life as a spirit in the sky.

concept_name: several group


sentence: Levels are reduced in people with schizophrenia.

headings: Schizophrenia Phases

concept_name: level


sentence: Delusions involve imagining that someone wants to harm the person or are very complex.

headings: Schizophrenia Diagnosis

sentences_before: However, thought disorder, disorganized behavior, or lack of emotional response are not present.

concept_name: delusion


sentence: Symptoms can include acting as though one is in a daze.

concept_name: symptom


sentence: Schizophrenia has great human and economic costs.

headings: Schizophrenia Outlook

sentences_after: The condition results in a decreased life expectancy of 12 to 15 years, primarily because of its association with being overweight, not exercising, and smoking cigarettes.

sentences_after: An increased rate of suicide plays a lesser role.

sentences_after: These differences in life expectancy increased between the 1970s and 1990s.

concept_name: Schizophrenia


sentence: Some people do recover completely and others function well in society.

sentences_before: Approximately three-fourths of people with schizophrenia have ongoing disability with symptoms that keep coming back.

sentences_after: Most people with schizophrenia live independently, with community support.

sentences_after: Thirty-five percent of the people have an intermediate outcome.

sentences_after: Twenty-seven percent of the people have a poor outcome.

sentences_after: Outcomes for schizophrenia appear better in the developing world than in the developed world, although that conclusion has been questioned.

concept_name: people


sentence: Research continues on Schizophrenia.

sentences_after: This could help with schizophrenia and autism neurological research.

concept_name: research


sentence: Schizophrenia usually appears earlier in men.

headings: Schizophrenia Likelihood

sentences_after: For males the symptoms usually start from 20 to 28 years of age, and in females it is 26 to 32 years of age.

sentences_after: Symptoms that start in childhood, middle or old age are much rarer.

sentences_after: Despite the received wisdom that schizophrenia occurs at similar rates worldwide, its rate of likelihood varies across the world, within countries, and at the local level.

sentences_after: The rate of schizophrenia varies depending on how it is defined.

frequency: usually


sentence: Tourism is the most important part of the economy of the island.

sentences_after: Most tourist development is on the western side of the island at Mushroom Bay and Jungut Batu.

sentences_after: Most local residents live in the central village of Nusa Lembongan.

sentences_after: The other major industry is seaweed farming along the southwest coast between Nusa Lembongan and Nusa Cenignan.

concept_name: tourism


sentence: Visibility depends on the class used.

concept_name: visibility


sentence: Ticket barriers control access to all platforms, although the bridge entrance has no barriers.

sentences_before: The station takes its name from the central London road junction of Charing Cross.

sentences_before: The front of the rail station faces The Strand.

sentences_before: The other end is the northern end of Hungerford Bridge, which is crossed by all trains serving the station.

concept_name: ticket barrier


sentence: Game artists are in charge of all game development of visual art.

sentences_before: A 'game artist' is an artist who creates art for video games.

concept_name: game artist


sentence: Visual art can help make the gameplay of a video game more appealing to a player.

sentences_after: Art for role-playing games can be expressed in a lot of different ways.

sentences_after: These can include from pencil drawings, pen and ink drawings, oil paintings or even 3D models created with a computer.

concept_name: visual art


sentence: Music is very important to gameplay.

sentences_before: Interactive soundtracks in a video game is music changing into different sounds, depending on what the player does.

sentences_before: It is also common for a video game soundtrack to be sold in stores or performed in concerts.

concept_name: music


sentence: All drinks are mainly water.

sentences_before: A 'drink' is a liquid that you can take into your body, by using your mouth.

sentences_before: Typical drinks for humans include water, tea, milk, coffee, juice, soft drinks and alcoholic drinks.

sentences_after: Plants take in water through their roots, which are found underground.

sentences_after: To 'drink' means to take a drink into your body.

number: all

concept_name: drink


sentence: All life needs water to live.

concept_name: life


sentence: Plants take in water through their roots, which are found underground.

concept_name: plant


sentence: Most animals get water by drinking.

sentences_before: Plants take in water through their roots, which are found underground.

concept_name: animal


sentence: Natterjacks have a very loud and distinctive mating call.

concept_name: natterjack


sentence: Chocolate cakes are a sold in shops as well as made at home.

sentences_before: A 'chocolate cake' is a cake made with chocolate or cocoa.

sentences_before: Then the cake is taken out of the oven and placed on a cooling stand.

sentences_before: If the cake maker wants to, they can ice the cake, when it has cooled down, by spreading thick icing on it.

sentences_after: They are a sweet food and should not be eaten all the time, which would be unhealthy.

sentences_after: There are many different types of chocolate cake, depending on the recipe and different types of chocolate used.

concept_name: chocolate cake


sentence: Chocolate cake has some kinds.

headings:
Chocolate cake
Pictures


sentence: Phycology is also the study of prokaryotic forms known as blue-green algae or cyanobacteria.

sentences_after: Some microscopic algae are also in Lichens.

concept_name: phycology


sentence: Some microscopic algae are also in Lichens.

sentences_before: Phycology is also the study of prokaryotic forms known as blue-green algae or cyanobacteria.

concept_name: microscopic algae


sentence: Females grow larger than males.

headings:
Common toad
Description

sentences_before: The common toad can grow to about  in length.

sentences_after: Those in the south tend to be larger than ones in the north.

sentences_after: The large, protruding eyes have yellow or copper coloured irises and horizontal slit-shaped pupils.

concept_name: female


sentence: Common toads can live for many years.

sentences_after: They have lived for fifty years in captivity.

sentences_after: In the wild, common toads are thought to live for about ten to twelve years.

sentences_after: Their age can be found by counting the number of yearly growth rings in the bones of their phalanges.

concept_name: common toad


sentence: Larger items are grabbed with the jaws.

headings:
Common toad
Behaviour

sentences_before: It may live in the same place for several months.

sentences_before: It has a large appetite and eats woodlice, slugs, beetles, caterpillars, flies, worms and even small mice.

sentences_before: Small, fast moving prey may be caught by a flick of the tongue.

sentences_after: Having no teeth, it swallows food whole in a series of gulps.

sentences_after: It will try to eat any small, dark coloured, moving object it encounters at night.

sentences_after: A research study showed that it would snap at a moving  piece of black paper as if it were prey.

sentences_after: On occasion, the common toad sheds its skin which comes away in tattered pieces.

concept_name: larger item


sentence: Adults use the same pond year after year.

headings:
Common toad
Behaviour
Reproduction

sentences_before: The common toad comes out of hibernation in spring.

sentences_before: Large numbers of toads move towards the breeding ponds.

sentences_before: The toads meet on certain ponds that they favour.

concept_name: adult


sentence: Fights do sometimes happen.

sentences_before: The males arrive first and stay for several weeks.

sentences_before: The females only stay long enough to mate and spawn.

sentences_before: Rather than fighting for the right to mate with a female, male toads use the pitch of their voice.

sentences_before: Croaking gives a sign of body size and prowess.

sentences_after: Male toads outnumber female toads at breeding ponds.

concept_name: fight


sentence: Male toads outnumber female toads at breeding ponds.

concept_name: male toad


sentence: Small tadpoles hatch out after two to three weeks.

sentences_before: The strings of eggs absorb water and swell in size.

sentences_after: At first they hold onto the remains of the strings and feed on the jelly.

sentences_after: They later attach themselves to the underside of the leaves of water weed before becoming free swimming.

sentences_after: They are a darker colour, being blackish above and dark grey below.

sentences_after: They can be told apart from the tadpoles of other species by the fact that the mouth is the same width as the space between the eyes, and this is twice as large as the distance between the nostrils.

sentences_after: Over a few weeks their legs develop and their tail slowly gets reabsorbed.

concept_name: small tadpole


sentence: Every person has the same basic needs for the body.

sentences_after: Humans have boldily needs of water, food, clothing, and shelter to live.

sentences_after: The need for water is the most important because a person will die very quickly without drinking water.

sentences_after: In a warm place food is the next most important need.

sentences_after: In a cold place, the need for clothes or shelter may be next most important because a person will soon die without these.

concept_name: person


sentence: Good relationships can make life very happy.

sentences_before: It is often said that a person needs love, family, and friends.

sentences_before: These needs are for personal relationships.

sentences_before: It is true that a life may be better with these things, but some friends can be bad, or bad sometimes.

sentences_after: Thinking about a need that is not possible can make a person very unhappy.

concept_name: good relationship


sentence: Some scientists study the needs of human or animal minds and bodies.

sentences_after: The study of the mind is called psychology - 'words about the mind'.

sentences_after: The study of bodily needs is part of medicine.

concept_name: scientist


sentence: Hair is made of keratin.

sentences_before: Long, brown hair 'Hair' is something that grows from the skin of mammals.

sentences_before: Sheep and goats have curly hair, which is usually called wool.

concept_name: hair


sentence: Keratins are proteins.

concept_name: keratin


sentence: Animals can change their hair so they look bigger, or more threatening.

headings:
Hair
Functions of hair

concept_name: animal


sentence: Hair color is passed down by parents only.

headings:
Hair
Human hair
Hair color

sentences_after: Natural hair color can be given only by genes.

sentences_after: It is impossible to have a hair color that is not passed down genetically by both mother and father.

sentences_after: This relies on dominant and recessive genes carried by a parent.

sentences_after: These genes may not be the color of their hair, however, many people carry genes that are recessive and do not show in their traits or features.

concept_name: hair color


sentence: Many people dye their hair to hide gray or white hairs.

sentences_before: Dyeing hair is to change the color of hair.

sentences_before: It consists of a chemical mixture which can change the color of hair by a chemical reaction.

sentences_after: This is because most people gain white or gray hairs as they grow older.

concept_name: people


sentence: All humans have some pheomelanin in their hair.

headings:
Hair
Human hair
Hair color
Genetics and chemistry

sentences_before: Eumelanin determines the darkness of the hair color.

sentences_before: A low concentration of brown eumelanin results in blond hair, but more brown eumelanin will color the hair brown.

sentences_before: High amounts of black eumelanin result in black hair, while low concentrations give gray hair.

concept_name: human


sentence: Body hair is limited in women, and thicker in men.

headings:
Hair
Human hair
Hair texture

sentences_before: Hair texture is also inherited genetically.

sentences_before: The thickness of hair, its color and its tendency to curl are all inherited.

sentences_before: There are also genetic differences between men and women.

concept_name: body hair


sentence: Men often lose some of their hair as they grow older.

headings:
Hair
Human hair
Hair loss

sentences_after: It often begins by hair falling out first from the front of the head, and then from the top of the head.

sentences_after: After a while, all that may be left is a some hair running above the ears and around the lower back of the head.

sentences_after: Even though it is unusual for women to go bald, many women suffer from thinning hair over the top of their head as they grow old.

concept_name: man


sentence: Mecca is the holiest city in the Islamic world.

sentences_after: Every year, millions of Muslims take a pilgrimage to Mecca.

sentences_after: This is called the Hajj, where they follow in the footsteps of Muhammad.

sentences_after: All Muslims who are able to do so are expected to do the Hajj at least once in their life.

sentences_after: The Kaaba and Masjid al-Haram, the holiest mosque in Islam is here.

sentences_after: Mecca is closed to non-Muslims except some journalists reporting on the Hajj.

concept_name: Mecca


sentence: Amphiumas have a long body.

headings: Amphiuma Description

sentences_after: They do have legs but they are very small.

sentences_after: Amphiumas can be up to  long, their legs are only up to about .

sentences_after: It is because of this that they are often mistaken for eels or snakes.

sentences_after: They also do not have eyelids or a tongue.

concept_name: amphiuma


sentence: Amphiumas live in the southeastern part of the United States.

headings: Amphiuma Distribution


sentence: Parsley frogs are typical looking frogs.

sentences_after: They are closely related to Spadefoot toads and Megophyrids.

sentences_after: The parsley frogs are small, smooth skinned frogs.

concept_name: parsley frog


sentence: Most glass frogs are a lime green color.

sentences_after: The insides, including the heart, liver, and gastrointestinal tract can be seen through the skin.

concept_name: glass frog


sentence: All species live in South America.

sentences_before: The 'Ceratophryinae', known as 'common horned frogs', are a subfamily of the leptodactylid frogs.

concept_name: specie


sentence: Ghost frogs are medium sized frogs, reaching a length of .

headings:
Ghost frog
Biology

sentences_after: This lets them climb inside rocky crevices.

sentences_after: They have very large toe discs in comparison to their size.

sentences_after: The mouthparts of the tadpoles are a sucking disc.

concept_name: ghost frog


sentence: Some species are kept as pets.


sentence: Many species have smooth, brightly patterned, skin that almost looks enameled.

sentences_before: Hyperoliids range from  to  in body length.


sentence: Tadpoles are pond type larvae with large dorsal fins on the tail.

sentences_before: Breeding in this family begins at the start of the rainy season.

sentences_before: Hyperoliids come together at breeding sites.

sentences_before: Most hyperoliids lay their eggs in water.

concept_name: tadpole


sentence: Most species live on land, though some live in trees.

sentences_before: These frogs are very different from each other.

sentences_after: Body size ranges from 3 to 10 centimetres in length.

sentences_after: The genus Mantella has many similarities with the South American poison dart frogs.


sentence: Many species are below  in length.

headings: Microhylidae Description

sentences_before: As suggested by their name, microhylids are mostly small frogs.

sentences_after: The ground dwellers are often found under leaf litter within forests.


sentence: None live in trees.

sentences_before: Myobatrachidae' is a family of frogs found in Australia and New Guinea.

sentences_before: Members of this family vary greatly in size.

sentences_before: This family also has the second largest frog in Australia, the Giant Barred Frog at  in length.

sentences_before: The entire family either live in land or water.


sentence: Chimaeras are formed from at least two fertilized eggs or early embryos fused together.

sentences_before: If the different cells have come from the 'same' zygote, the organism is called a mosaic.

sentences_after: Each population of cells keeps its own character and the resulting organism is a mixture of tissues.

sentences_after: Chimaeras are typically seen in animals.

concept_name: chimaera


sentence: Volcanic eruptions are common.

headings:
Central America
Geography
Physical geography

sentences_after: In 1968 the Arenal Volcano in Costa Rica erupted.

sentences_after: The 3 villages of Tabacon, Pueblo Nuevo, and San Luis were buried under ash.

concept_name: volcanic eruption


sentence: Valleys are also suitable for the production of coffee, beans and other crops.

sentences_before: Most of the population of Honduras, Costa Rica and Guatemala live in valleys, between mountains.

concept_name: valley


sentence: Adults are typically dark purple in color.

sentences_before: This frog's body is shaped similarly to that of most frogs.

sentences_before: It has a small head and an unusual pointed snout.

sentences_after: Its cry sounds more like one from a chicken.

concept_name: adult


sentence: Some schools offer degree or diploma programs in Recording.

sentences_before: Several colleges and universities in the United States and other countries offer classes in recording, which may cover its history, its uses, and of course technique and technical knowledge.

sentences_after: Graduating such a program does not guarantee a person a studio job, but increases one's chances, and can provide better preparation for such a career.

concept_name: school


sentence: Females mature sexually at age five to six.

headings:
Harp seal
Description
Reproduction

sentences_after:
Then each year, they bear one pup.
This is usually in late February.

concept_name: female


sentence: Newborn pups weigh around  and are  long.

sentences_after: After birth, the mother only feeds that pup.

sentences_after: During the 12 day nursing period, the mother does not eat.

concept_name: newborn pup


sentence: Pups are unable to swim or find food until seven to eight weeks old or until the ice melts.

sentences_after: This leaves them open to polar bears and other predators.

concept_name: pup


sentence: Ringed seals are one of the main prey of polar bears.

sentences_before: They have a distinctive patterning of dark spots surrounded by light grey rings.

sentences_before: It is the most abundant and wide-ranging ice seal in the northern hemisphere.

sentences_before: The live throughout the Arctic Ocean, into the Bering Sea and Okhotsk Sea as far south as the northern coast of Japan in the Pacific, and throughout the North Atlantic coasts of Greenland and Scandinavia as far south as Newfoundland, and include two freshwater subspecies in northern Europe.

sentences_after: They have long been a part of the diet of indigenous people of the Arctic.

concept_name: ringed seal


sentence: Ringed seals live throughout the Arctic Ocean.

headings:
Ringed seal
Range and habitat

sentences_after: They can be found in the Baltic Sea, the Bering Sea and the Hudson Bay.

sentences_after: They like to rest on ice floe and will move farther north for denser ice.

sentences_after: One subspecies can be found in freshwater.


sentence: Pups are weaned after one month.

headings:
Ringed seal
Life history

sentences_before: Females reach sexual maturity at 4 years.

sentences_before: Males do not reach maturity until 7 years old.

sentences_before: During the spring breeding season, females make lairs in the thick ice and give birth in these structures.

sentences_before: Females give birth to a single pup in March or April after a 9 month gestation period.


sentence: Ringed seals eat a wide variety of small prey.

headings:
Ringed seal
Diet

sentences_after: They eat 72 species of fish and invertebrates.

sentences_after: Their prey of choice includes mysids, shrimp, arctic cod, and herring.

sentences_after: In the summer ringed seals feed along edge of the sea-ice for polar cod.

sentences_after: In shallow water they feed on smaller cod.

sentences_after: Ringed seals may also eat herring, smelt, whitefish, sculpin, perch, and crustaceans.


sentence: Ringed seal are an important food item in particular for polar bears.

headings:
Ringed seal
Predators

sentences_after: During the pupping season, arctic fox and glaucous gulls take ringed seal pups born outside lairs.

sentences_after: Killer whales, Greenland sharks and occasionally Atlantic walruses prey upon them in the water.


sentence: Players can go online with opponents worldwide.

sentences_before: It is a crossover video game where 'Mortal Kombat' characters fight DC Comics ones.

sentences_before: It has an arcade mode, story mode, and practice.

concept_name: player


sentence: Pyres are built outdoors.

sentences_before: A 'pyre', also known as a 'funeral pyre', is a structure used for burning a body.

sentences_before: The word 'pyre' comes from the Greek word for 'fire'.

sentences_after: The body is placed on top of the pyre or under it.

sentences_after: Pyres are still used for funerals in some parts of the world.

sentences_after: They are also used for other types of ceremonies.

concept_name: pyre


sentence: Farmers sometimes use pyres to destroy the bodies of dead animals.

headings:
Pyre
Other uses for pyres

sentences_after: They especially use them when the animals have died of a disease.

sentences_after: This helps prevent the spread of the disease to other animals.

frequency: sometimes

concept_name: farmer


sentence: Groundhogs dig tunnels and live underground.

sentences_before: It belongs to the group of ground squirrels.

sentences_before: Those squirrels are also known as marmots.

sentences_before: The animal may also be called 'Woodchuck', or 'Whistlepig'.

sentences_after: Every single hole, may have tunnels which lead to as many as ten other holes, the tunnels are very large and can have chambers, like rooms, in them.

sentences_after: Groundhogs can make their homes under trees, around buildings and in open fields.

concept_name: groundhog


sentence: Groundhogs can make their homes under trees, around buildings and in open fields.

sentences_before: Groundhogs dig tunnels and live underground.

sentences_before: Every single hole, may have tunnels which lead to as many as ten other holes, the tunnels are very large and can have chambers, like rooms, in them.


sentence: Most tree squirrels store food in the fall, to eat in the winter.

sentences_before: Many kinds of squirrels live in trees, so they often find nuts.

sentences_before: Despite living in trees squirrels are considered flightless because they can only jump short distances.

sentences_before: They eat seeds, berries and pine cones too.

sentences_before: Sometimes they eat bird's eggs and insects.

sentences_after: They hibernate which means they spend winter in a deep sleep.

concept_name: tree squirrel


sentence: Red squirrels are protected in most of Europe.

sentences_before: The most common European squirrels are red or brown in color, while common American squirrels are grey or black.

sentences_after: Squirrels have many predators or enemies.

concept_name: red squirrel


sentence: Squirrels have many predators or enemies.

sentences_before: Red squirrels are protected in most of Europe.

sentences_after:
Foxes and raccoons eat squirrels.
Hawks and owls also eat squirrels.

concept_name: squirrel


sentence: Young squirrels are deaf and blind during the first few weeks of their life.

headings:
Squirrel
Life cycle

sentences_before: Squirrels breed in February and March in winter, and in June and July in summer.

sentences_before: Females may become pregnant up to twice a year.

sentences_before: Only the mother looks after the young, which are born completely helpless.

sentences_after: In the wild, squirrels get about 3 years old.

sentences_after: In captivity, squirrels were observed to live for up to 10 years.

concept_name: young squirrel


sentence: Bigger cities are written in larger letters.

headings:
List of cities in Lithuania
Map

sentences_before: Map showing all cities marked with red dots.

concept_name: bigger city


sentence: Winners are listed first in 'bold', followed by the other nominees.

headings:
Academy Award for Best Actor
Winners and nominees

concept_name: winner


headings:
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
Winners and nominees


headings: Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress


sentence: Marmots make holes in the ground.

sentences_before: They are rodents that belong to the group of ground squirrels.

sentences_before: Most of them live in the mountains, like the Sierra Nevada, or the Alps.

sentences_after: They hibernate, that is they sleep through the winter.

sentences_after: They also like to communicate with each other, with whistles, especially when they sense danger.

concept_name: marmot


sentence: Marmots are very social animals.

sentences_before: They hibernate, that is they sleep through the winter.


sentence: Winners are listed first.

headings:
1st Academy Awards
Nominees and winners


sentence: Freshwater crabs show different behaviour than other crabs.

sentences_before: Freshwater crabs' are crabs that live in fresh water, mostly in the tropics and subtropics.

sentences_before: About 1300 species of freshwater crab have been described.

sentences_before: In total, there are about 6700 species of crab.

sentences_after: Other crabs release a large number of larvae into the environment.

sentences_after: In contrast, freshwater crabs care for the young.

sentences_after: Many freshwater crabs are endemic to small areas.

sentences_after: This means there if there is a threat of the area of dissapearing, this also applies to the crab, which becomes threatened with extinction.

concept_name: freshwater crab


sentence: Many freshwater crabs are endemic to small areas.

sentences_before: Freshwater crabs show different behaviour than other crabs.

sentences_before: Other crabs release a large number of larvae into the environment.

sentences_before: In contrast, freshwater crabs care for the young.


sentence: Subtropical deserts have very hot summers and warm winters, with little rain.

sentences_before: The 'subtropics' are a climatic region of the world.

sentences_before: They lie bewtween the tropics and Temperate zones.

sentences_before: The temperate zones are more towards the geographical poles, the tropics are more towards the equator.

sentences_before: Humid subtropical areas have hot summers and mild to warm winters with abundant rainfall.

sentences_before: Mediterranean climates are considered subtropical.

sentences_after: Different subtropical areas have different types of plants.

sentences_after: Humid subtropical areas have evergreen and deciduous trees, Mediterranean areas have scrub, and deserts have cacti.

concept_name: subtropical desert


sentence: Examples help illustrate a point.

concept_name: example


sentence: Crops grown include beans and corn, as well as rice.

sentences_before: The economy of Toledo relies heavily on agriculture.

sentences_after: Cacao is grown for the renowned Maya Gold chocolate.

concept_name: crop


sentence: Different voices have different musical pitches.

headings:
Vietnamese alphabet
Letters of the alphabet
Vietnamese characters
Making the vowel sounds

sentences_after: If a speaker uses strong pitch changes, it will probably be for pronunciation.

concept_name: different voice


sentence: Correction is very common.

headings:
Vietnamese alphabet
Treatment of the Alphabet
The alphabet in daily life

sentences_before: Young Vietnamese learners will spend a lot of time with this alphabet.

sentences_after: The need for correction is used in many comedies about uneducated people.

sentences_after: Comedies about foreigners are becoming very common too.

concept_name: correction


sentence: Many Chinese speakers find Vietnamese easy to grasp.

headings:
Vietnamese alphabet
Treatment of the Alphabet
Foreign characters/letters
From Chinese

sentences_before: A variety for Vietnamese is used in traditional culture.

sentences_after: The combination of two words is very common to Chinese.

concept_name: chinese speaker


sentence: Nobody can buy a computer keyboard for Vietnam, in Vietnam.

headings:
Vietnamese alphabet
The alphabet in computers

sentences_after: Software programs for Vietnamese characters are very common.

concept_name: Nobody


sentence: Some software is free to use.

headings:
Vietnamese alphabet
The alphabet in computers
Open source

sentences_after: An open-source software program for the Vietnamese keyboard has already been written.

concept_name: software


sentence: Hems are little hamlets inside the city.

concept_name: hem


sentence: Communes are for cheaper land and cooperative work.

sentences_after: Some communes make factories and employ the people living there.

concept_name: commune


sentence: Some communes make factories and employ the people living there.

sentences_before: Communes are for cheaper land and cooperative work.


sentence: Cultural homes can have a center or living quarters attached.

concept_name: cultural home


sentence: Some people live in the department zones.

sentences_before: Other divisional areas are held by different departments of the national government.

concept_name: people


sentence: Concentration is usually in the inner city, including more people, with closer living.

headings:
Provincial city (Vietnam)
Administration units

sentences_before: Each city has smaller level administrative units, including the districts, wards, communes, and areas.

concept_name: concentration


sentence: Some communes are very active as cooperatives.

sentences_before: The government of Vietnam names at least one level of every location a commune.

sentences_after: It's a difference created by the market-economy.

sentences_after: Not everyone elects to work for the commune - in commune jobs.


sentence: Hems are different.

headings:
Provincial city (Vietnam)
Investment and ownership

sentences_before: Foreigners don't normally invest in the cultural homes directly.

sentences_before: And, little or no re-gentrification has been occurring after progress.

sentences_after: Some hems have a full circuit of interior roadways that allow for better communities.


sentence: Some hems have a full circuit of interior roadways that allow for better communities.


sentence: Every division is described so that a committee can manage it.

headings:
Provincial city (Vietnam)
Committees

sentences_after: In some provinces committees have established industrial parks.

concept_name: division


sentence: Containers are built to standardized sizes.

sentences_after: They can be loaded and unloaded, stacked, transported over long distances.

sentences_after: It led to greatly reduced transport costs, and supported a great increase in international trade.

concept_name: container


sentence: Ports round the world have been adapted to freight transport by container.

headings: Containerization Ports

sentences_after: The ships that carry containers are huge, and ports must have depth and size to dock ships.

sentences_after: China is by far the world's largest user of container transport.

sentences_after: Container ships cannot get down the Thames to London, so a modern container port was built at Felixtowe on the Suffolk coast.

sentences_after: However, it is only the 29th busiest container port in the world.

concept_name: port


sentence: China is by far the world's largest user of container transport.

sentences_before: Ports round the world have been adapted to freight transport by container.

sentences_before: The ships that carry containers are huge, and ports must have depth and size to dock ships.

concept_name: China


sentence: Kangaroo rats live in dry climates.

sentences_after: They can live in deserts also, like Thar Desert.

sentences_after: This means that they have developed traits to other species that live in such climates, but are not related to them.

sentences_after: Some of those species are the jerboas, which can be found in the deserts of Africa and Asia, and the hopping mice of the Australian Outback.

concept_name: Kangaroo rat


sentence: Some animals hibernate, usually during the winter, when food is short.

sentences_after: They can regulate their metabolism to consume less energy.

sentences_after: They lower their body temperature, slow their breathing, and slow other vital functions.

sentences_after: During hibernation, the body uses fat for energy, which the animal has typically gathered in summer and autumn.

concept_name: animal


sentence: Packrats are common in the deserts and highlands of the western United States and northern Mexico.

sentences_before: The 'Pack rat', which is also called  'Wood rat' or 'Trade rat', is a rodent of one of several species in the genus 'Neotoma'.

sentences_after: They are also not related to the rat, other than also being a rodent.

concept_name: packrat


sentence: Public programs are offered in the summer.

headings:
Dinosaur Provincial Park
Dinosaur Provincial Park Visitor Centre

sentences_before: The Visitor Centre has exhibits about dinosaurs, fossils, and the geology and natural history of the park.

sentences_before: There is a video theater, fossil prep lab area, and a gift shop.

concept_name: public program


sentence: Bandicoots are omnivores.

sentences_before: There are about 20 species of bandicoots.

sentences_after: They eat bugs, earthworms, larvae, and spiders.

sentences_after: Despite what they look like, they are not related to rats.

concept_name: bandicoot


sentence: Bandicoots are an endangered species.

sentences_before: They eat bugs, earthworms, larvae, and spiders.

sentences_before: Despite what they look like, they are not related to rats.

sentences_after: For protection against foxes and wild cats, they retreat to their burrows for safety.


sentence: Many people live in the eastern coasts of both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.

sentences_after: Dublin has a population of more than one million, and the Greater Belfast region has a population of nearly half a million.


sentence: Many airports have buildings which are used to hold airplanes and passengers.

sentences_before: Southern Brazil An 'airport' is a place where airplanes can land or take off.

sentences_before: Most airports in the world have only a long strip of level ground called a runway.

sentences_after: A building that holds passengers waiting for their planes or luggage is called a terminal.

sentences_after: Airports also have buildings called hangars to hold planes when they are not used.

sentences_after: Some airports have buildings to control the airport, like a control tower which tells planes where to go.

concept_name: airport


sentence: Most international airports have shops and restaurants for airplane passengers to use.

sentences_before: An 'international airport' is a large airport that airplanes can use to fly to and from other countries.

concept_name: international airport


sentence: Thai basil has small, narrow leaves and purple stems.

sentences_before: Thai basil', or 'Asian basil' is a type of sweet basil.

sentences_after: One cultivar commonly grown in the United States is 'Queen of Siam'.

concept_name: thai basil


sentence: Readers are less likely to be aware of special pages than they are of categories.

headings: Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2012/Category:Wikipedians by Wikipedia status

headings: Category:Wikipedians by Wikipedia status and its sub-categories

sentences_before: Not all readers of the wiki are editors.

sentences_after: If they are not there, the solution is to add the category on their userpage.

sentences_after: I find on this wiki especially that editors seem to constantly be forgetting that we do this wiki for the readers not the editors.

sentences_after: Anything that makes it harder for a reader is bad even if it helps an editor.

sentences_after: Special Pages is hidden so far deep into wiki administration land that it is near impossible and improbably that actual readers will find the information when they need it.

concept_name: reader


sentence: Water becomes 'ice' when it is very cold.

sentences_before: Ice' is the common name for frozen water.

sentences_before: Other liquids, such as ammonia or methane or milk could be called ice when they freeze but the name would always be 'milk ice', for instance, instead of just 'ice'.

concept_name: water


sentence: Metals are good conductors of heat, so water can freeze faster than in a plastic ice tray.

sentences_before: Ice is commonly used  in home appliances such as the refrigerator or freezer.

sentences_before: If water is put in a freezer and left for a while, the water gets very cold and will freeze solid, creating ice.

concept_name: metal


sentence: Salt water needs a lower temperature to freeze than pure water.

headings:
Ice
Salt water

sentences_after: The resulting ice contains much less salt than the salt water it came from.

sentences_after: This salty ice is not as strong as frozen pure water.

concept_name: salt water


sentence: Most lakes never freeze to the bottom.

headings:
Ice
Geographical locations of ice

sentences_before: Because ice floats, even large bodies of water that freeze, like some oceans, only form ice on the surface.

sentences_after: Even the coldest oceans, like the Arctic, only freeze on the top, leaving liquid ocean circulating below.

sentences_after: Because of this the Earth's oceans are able to redistribute heat and the climate of the earth has less extremes of heat and cold than it would otherwise.

sentences_after: If ice were to sink instead of float, the oceans would fill up with ice from the bottom, would remain solid and only some of the top would thaw.

sentences_after: But because ice floats on the surface the water beneath can continue to circulate and the ice on the surface stays exposed and readily melts when the temperature rises.

concept_name: lake


sentence: Visitors can reach the top of the Space Needle by using elevators.

sentences_after: Some tourists wait in hour-long lines so that they can go to the top of the tower.

sentences_after: On windy days, the elevators are slowed down to a .

concept_name: visitor


sentence: Some tourists wait in hour-long lines so that they can go to the top of the tower.

sentences_before: Visitors can reach the top of the Space Needle by using elevators.

concept_name: tourist


sentence: True owls are found on every continent except Antarctica.

sentences_before: They are one of the two families of owls, with 189 living species in 25 genera.

concept_name: true owl


sentence: Typical owls vary greatly in size.

headings:
True owl
Morphology

sentences_after: Its weight is a hundred times less than the largest, the Eurasian Eagle owl and Blakiston's Fish owl.

sentences_after: They have large heads, short tails, and round facial circles around the eyes.

concept_name: typical owl


sentence: Most owls have very similar bodies.

sentences_before: Its weight is a hundred times less than the largest, the Eurasian Eagle owl and Blakiston's Fish owl.

sentences_after: The wings are large, broad, rounded and long.

sentences_after: Like other birds of prey many owls have females that are larger than males.

sentences_after: Earhart, Caroline M. and Johnson, Ned K. 1970.

concept_name: owl


sentence: Owls have massive eyes relative to their body size.

sentences_before: Because of this the plumage is not much different between males and females.

sentences_before: The feathers are soft and the base of each is downy.

sentences_before: The ears are asymmetrical which lets the owl localise a sound.


sentence: Temperatures are extremely low on and near Mount Logan.

sentences_after: Little snow melt leads to a large ice cap, reaching almost  in certain spots.

concept_name: temperature


sentence: Little snow melt leads to a large ice cap, reaching almost  in certain spots.

sentences_before: Temperatures are extremely low on and near Mount Logan.

concept_name: little snow


sentence: Ground sharks have a special membrane which protects their eyes when needed.

sentences_after: They have two dorsal fins, an anal fin, and five gill slits.

concept_name: ground shark


sentence: Ground sharks are found in open oceans, seas, estuaries, and brackish waters.


sentence: Some people travel to other cities as part of their job.

sentences_before: Travel' is the activity of going from one place to another place.

sentences_after: Some people travel on their vacation, to visit other towns, cities, or countries.

sentences_after: These people stay overnight in hotels, hostels, motels, apartments or bed and breakfast or perhaps in a tent - then they are campers.

sentences_after: With the changing times, 'modes of travelling' are also changing.

concept_name: people


sentence: Some people travel on their vacation, to visit other towns, cities, or countries.

sentences_before: Some people travel to other cities as part of their job.


sentence: Adults are greyish-brown in colour, darker on the back.

headings:
Bearded seal
Description

sentences_before: Features of this earless seal include square front flippers and thick bristles on its muzzle.

sentences_after: Occasionally the face and neck are reddish-brown.

sentences_after: Bearded seal pups are born with a greyish-brown fur with scattered patches of white on the back and head.

sentences_after: The bearded seal is unique in the subfamily Phocinae in having two pairs of teats.

sentences_after: This is a feature it shares with monk seals.

concept_name: adult


sentence: Bearded seals give birth in the spring.

headings:
Bearded seal
Reproduction and Lifecycle

sentences_after: May. Further south, in Alaska, most pups are born in late April.

sentences_after: Pups are born on small drifting ice floes in shallow waters.

sentences_after: They enter the water only hours after they are born, and quickly become very good divers.

sentences_after: Pups consume an average of eight liters of milk a day.

sentences_after: By the time they are weaned, the pups have grown to about one hundred kilograms.

concept_name: bearded seal


sentence: Pups are born on small drifting ice floes in shallow waters.

sentences_before: May. Further south, in Alaska, most pups are born in late April.

concept_name: pup


sentence: Pups consume an average of eight liters of milk a day.

sentences_before: Pups are born on small drifting ice floes in shallow waters.

sentences_before: They enter the water only hours after they are born, and quickly become very good divers.


sentence: Males live in the same areas from one year to the next.

sentences_before: Just before the pups are weaned, a new mating cycle takes place.

sentences_before: Females ovulate at the end of their lactation period, but stay close to their pups, ready to defend them if necessary.

sentences_before: This sound may attract females, or may be used by the males to say what territory is theirs or their readiness for breeding.

concept_name: male


sentence: Adult males are  long on average, and weigh .

headings:
Hooded seal
Size

sentences_after: The head is darker than the rest of the body, and without marks.

concept_name: adult male


sentence: Pups are about  long at birth and weigh about .

headings:
Hooded seal
Offspring

sentences_after: They are born on the ice from mid-March to early April.

sentences_after: They are born with a slate blue-grey coat with a pale cream color on the belly.

sentences_after: Nursing of the pup lasts for an average of only 4 days.

sentences_after: This is the shortest lactation period of any mammal.


sentence: Eiders are colonial breeders.

headings:
Common Eider
Social behaviour

sentences_after: They nest on coastal islands in colonies ranging in size of less than 100 to upwards of 10,000-15,000 individuals.

sentences_after: Canadian Wildlife Service Report Series no.

sentences_after: Female eiders often return to breed on the same island where they were hatched.

sentences_after: This can lead to a high degree of relatedness between individuals nesting on the same island.

concept_name: eider


sentence: Parasitehost evolution is another classic.

headings:
Evolutionary arms race
Examples

sentences_after: As a host species splits into two, so do its parasites.

sentences_after: And when the host immune system defends against the parasites, so they adapt and survive.

concept_name: parasitehost evolution


sentence: Sexual selection can be a kind of evolutionary arms race.

concept_name: sexual selection


sentence: Selection is between males in species where female choice is the pairing method.

sentences_before: Female mating preferences are known to be responsible for the  evolution of male secondary sex characteristics.

concept_name: selection


sentence: People use whiteboards instead.

sentences_before: Blackboards are often used to help teach in school.

sentences_after: Whiteboards are used because some people are allergic to the dust the chalk used to write on chalkboards generate, and because the dust is hard to clean up when spilled.

concept_name: People


sentence: Schoolteachers often use the chalkboard to display things at large.

sentences_before: Chalkboards are written on with chalk, which is actually not the stone chalk at all.

sentences_after: Chalkboards can be black or dark green, also called blackboards and greenboards.

sentences_after: Chalkboards use chalk, the only to write on these is using chalk.

concept_name: schoolteacher


sentence: Chalkboards can be black or dark green, also called blackboards and greenboards.

sentences_before: Schoolteachers often use the chalkboard to display things at large.

concept_name: chalkboard


sentence: Wood is considered one of the worst movie directors of all time.

concept_name: wood


sentence: Some governments think the Internet is a bad thing, and block all or part of it.

headings:
Internet
Services on the Internet

sentences_after: For example, the Chinese government thinks that Wikipedia is bad.

sentences_after: Many times no one in China can read it or add to it.

sentences_after: Some parents block parts of the Internet they think are bad for children to see.

sentences_after: Well-known examples of the whole Internet being blocked are in North Korea and Myanmar.

concept_name: government


sentence: Some parents block parts of the Internet they think are bad for children to see.

sentences_before: Some governments think the Internet is a bad thing, and block all or part of it.

sentences_before: For example, the Chinese government thinks that Wikipedia is bad.

sentences_before: Many times no one in China can read it or add to it.

concept_name: parent


sentence: Awards appear to be minor.

headings: Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2012/Sonya Árgiro

concept_name: award


sentence: Open source is almost the same thing as free software.

sentences_before: Anyone can see how the source code works and can change it if they want to make it work differently.

sentences_before: The opposite of open source is closed source.

sentences_before: Closed source software is not available to everyone.

concept_name: open source


sentence: Some lexemes have several stems but one lemma.

headings:
Lemma (linguistics)
Difference between stem and lemma

concept_name: lexeme


sentence: Most mammalian species have between ten and fifteen types of Toll-like receptors.

headings:
Toll-like receptor
Extended family

sentences_after: For example, a gene coding for a protein like TLR10 in humans is present in mice, but seems to have been damaged at some time by a retrovirus.

sentences_after: Other mammals may express TLRs that are not found in humans.

sentences_after: Non-mammalian species may have TLRs different from mammals.

concept_name: mammalian specie


sentence: Color commentators bring experience and insight into the game.

headings:
Sports commentator
Types of sports broadcasters

sentences_after: Color commentators were often players or coaches in the sport being talked about.

sentences_after: The name from the fact that they provide more 'color' to the broadcast.

sentences_after: They provide extra interesting information that makes the broadcast more entertaining.

concept_name: color commentator


sentence: Sideline reporters are reporters who are put in different spots around the venue.

sentences_after: They give the color commentator more information to give to the audience.

sentences_after: For example, some sideline reporters could be in the dressing room area while others could be at the team benches.

sentences_after: The often interview players and coaches before, during and after the game.

sentences_after: They also try to get more information on things such as injuries to players.

concept_name: sideline reporter


sentence: Proteins are important biological macromolecules present in all organisms.

sentences_after: They are polymers formed from 20 possible amino acids by RNA translation.

sentences_after: Protein structures range in size from tens to several thousand amino acids.

concept_name: protein


sentence: Protein structures range in size from tens to several thousand amino acids.

sentences_before: Proteins are important biological macromolecules present in all organisms.

sentences_before: They are polymers formed from 20 possible amino acids by RNA translation.

concept_name: protein structure


sentence: Secondary structure refers to highly regular local sub-structures.

headings:
Protein structure
Levels of protein structure
Secondary structure

sentences_after: Two main types of secondary structure, the alpha helix and the beta strand, were suggested in 1951 by Linus Pauling and coworkers.

sentences_after: These secondary structures are defined by patterns of hydrogen bonds between the main-chain peptide groups.

concept_name: secondary structure


sentence: Protein folding is largely self-organising.

headings:
Protein structure
Levels of protein structure
Tertiary structure

sentences_after: It is mainly done by the protein's primary structure  its sequence of amino acids.

concept_name: protein folding


sentence: All false puffballs are inedible, as they are tough and bitter to taste.

sentences_before: A 'puffball' is the common name for a member of several groups of fungi in the division Basidiomycota.

sentences_before: Puffballs include the genera of  'Calvatia', 'Calbovista' and 'Lycoperdon'.

sentences_after: The genus 'Scleroderma', which has a young purple gleba, should be avoided.

concept_name: false puffball


sentence: Barbecue cooking means to cook very slowly.

sentences_after: Some meats must be cooked slowly to be tender, and easy to chew.

sentences_after: Sometimes, meat may be slowly cooked for 8 to 24 hours in a barbecue.

concept_name: barbecue cooking


sentence: Some families pass objects and ideas down from generation to generation.

sentences_after: These heirlooms and ideas can also be called legacies.

sentences_after: It may have to do with a person or many people.

sentences_after: Individuals can leave a historical legacy.

concept_name: family


sentence: Individuals can leave a historical legacy.

sentences_before: Some families pass objects and ideas down from generation to generation.

sentences_before: These heirlooms and ideas can also be called legacies.

sentences_before: It may have to do with a person or many people.

concept_name: individual


sentence: Legacy is a similar concept as inheritance and heritage.

sentences_after: It is something we inherit from our parents and pass to our children.

sentences_after: Usually 'heritage' refers to material and economical inheritance, while 'legacy' refers to immaterial and cultural inheritance.

concept_name: legacy


sentence: Tourists also come to see Italy's many historical places.

headings: Italy Geography

sentences_before: Northern Italy has some of the biggest lakes in the country, such as Lake Garda, Lake Como, Lake Maggiore and Lake Iseo.

sentences_before: Because it is surrounded by the sea, Italy has many kilometers of coast, which brings tourists from all over the world.

concept_name: tourist


sentence: Dogs are used by humans for many different things, for work and as pets.

sentences_before: It has been domesticated by humans for a long time.

sentences_before: It was the first animal ever to be domesticated.

sentences_after: They are a popular pet because they are usually playful, friendly, and listen to humans.

sentences_after: Thirty million dogs in the United States are registered as pets.

sentences_after: Dogs eat both meat and vegetables, often mixed together and sold in stores as dog food.

sentences_after: Dogs often have jobs, including as police dogs, army dogs, seeing eye dogs, fire dogs, messenger dogs, hunting dogs and sheepdogs.

concept_name: dog


sentence: Dogs eat both meat and vegetables, often mixed together and sold in stores as dog food.

sentences_before: Dogs are used by humans for many different things, for work and as pets.

sentences_before: They are a popular pet because they are usually playful, friendly, and listen to humans.

sentences_before: Thirty million dogs in the United States are registered as pets.


sentence: Dogs can serve people in many ways.

headings:
Dog
Dogs and humans

sentences_before: Dogs have lived with people for at least 30,000 years.

sentences_after: For example, there are guard dogs, hunting dogs, herding dogs, and guide dogs for blind people.

sentences_after: There are also dogs that are trained to smell for diseases in the human body or to find bombs or illegal drugs.

sentences_after: These dogs sometimes help police in airports or other areas.

sentences_after: Dogs have even been sent by Russians into outer space, a few years before any human being.

sentences_after: The first dog sent up was called Laika, but died while there.


sentence: Different countries use different versions of English.

headings:
Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 101
Category synonyms

sentences_before: As for the your second and thirds point, I never said they were part of the Commonwealth, but that they are using what is called Commonwealth English.

sentences_after: Lots of countries that are not part of the Commonwealth still use Commonwealth English.

sentences_after: And no, your examples are quite far off the mark.

sentences_after: It appears we are trying to reinvent the wheel here, we already have a guideline that covers this.

sentences_after: Insisting on a single term or a single usage as the only correct option does not serve the purposes of an international encyclopedia.

sentences_after: In this case transportation is understood by all versions of English, where as Transport means different things to different versions of English.

concept_name: different country


sentence: Stubs are the natural way of starting articles and the wiki building.

headings:
Wikipedia:Simple talk/Archive 101
Sportscaster stubs and NOTSTATSBOOK
BLP PROD process

sentences_before: This is how en.wiki started and its how we are going to have to start and grow as well.

sentences_before: Very few articles are going to look perfect from the beginning.

sentences_after: There are those that like to create hundreds of stubs and there are those who like to expand stubs bigger.

sentences_after: Seeking to nip it in the bud right away does nothing but scare off potential editors and cause us to lose articles.

sentences_after: Nothing has gone wrong or needs fixing, this is how a wikis is 'supposed' to work.

concept_name: stub


sentence: Some people are called blind, even though they can see a little bit.

sentences_after: This is because they cannot see clearly, but only see fuzzy shapes or colours.

concept_name: people


sentence: People can become blind because of diseases or accidents, but sometimes people are born blind.

sentences_before: In modern countries, few young people are blind.

sentences_before: In all the world, blindness is mostly caused by malnutrition and diseases of old people, like cataracts and trachoma.

concept_name: People


sentence: People often confuse sheet music with printed music.

sentences_before: Sheet music' is a type of printed music.

sentences_before: The music that musicians have in front of them when they play is printed music.

sentences_before: Printed music includes sheet music but also includes music published in collections.


sentence: Hospitality is all about the art of entertaining or receiving guests.

sentences_after: There are many different ideas about how to offer hospitality according to the various cultures in the world.

sentences_after: In the past, many societies taught that it was always right to offer hospitality to strangers who came to their door in need of food or shelter.

sentences_after: This may seem a strange idea to many of us today, but it was an important way to survive in many societies, especially in lands where people travelled long distances, often far away from large towns.

concept_name: hospitality


sentence: Some sources also claim that the German colonial army systematically poisoned desert wells.

sentences_before: In total, from 24,000 up to 100,000 Herero and 10,000 Nama died.

concept_name: source


sentence: Most scientists call the area north of the treeline Arctic.

sentences_before: The 'Arctic' is the area around the Earth's North Pole.

sentences_before: The Arctic includes parts of Russia, Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Lapland and Svalbard as well as the Arctic Ocean.

sentences_before: It is an ocean, but it is always frozen, so it is solid ice.

sentences_after: Trees will not grow when the temperatures get too cold.

sentences_after: The forests of the continents stop when they get too far north or too high up a mountain.

sentences_after: The place where in the trees stop is called the treeline.

concept_name: scientist


sentence: Permafrost can be thousands of feet thick.

sentences_before: Tundras do not get very much rain or snow.

sentences_before: However, they are very wet in the summer time because, three feet or so below the surface, the ground is always frozen.

sentences_before: This permafrost is a layer of ice with the hardness of stone that keeps water from soaking into the earth beneath it.

sentences_after: In the summer the ground on top thaws out when the sun shines and the snow that did fall melts.

sentences_after: There is no place for the water to go, except to form lakes and puddles on top of the ground until it freezes again or dries up.

concept_name: permafrost


sentence: Rivers come into the Arctic from the warmer south.

headings:
Arctic
Plant life

sentences_before: Only in the protected valleys or along the riverbanks are small trees able to grow.

sentences_after: The places along their banks are a little bit warmer than the rest of the tundra.

sentences_after: 0therwise only a few clusters of bushes grow sparingly.

sentences_after: Berries are the only fruit that grows in the Arctic.

concept_name: river


sentence: Berries are the only fruit that grows in the Arctic.

sentences_before: Rivers come into the Arctic from the warmer south.

sentences_before: The places along their banks are a little bit warmer than the rest of the tundra.

sentences_before: 0therwise only a few clusters of bushes grow sparingly.

concept_name: berry


sentence: Plant roots can use it for their growth.

sentences_before: Each summer the ice and snow will melt, allowing the animals to find food and the plants to flower.

sentences_before: The moisture from the snow stays toward the top of the ground's surface.

sentences_after: Even so, in many places the soil is too poor for plant's growth.

sentences_after: Less than half of the tundra has plants growing on it.

concept_name: plant root


sentence: Males go to the land only when the ice is gone.

headings:
Arctic
Animal life

sentences_before: They are excellent swimmers, and the coldest water does not bother them.

sentences_before: They just jump into any leads that open in the pack ice and swim across.

sentences_before: They are quiet enough to sneak up on a sleeping seal and strong enough to kill it with one blow.

sentences_before: They have a very strong sense of smell, which they use to find prey out on the ice.

sentences_before: Polar bears live most of their lives out on the pack ice.

sentences_after: The females, however, will dig themselves into a den of snow on land for the winter.

sentences_after: There, the mother bears have their cubs, usually twins.

sentences_after: Bears usually eat fish, birds' eggs, seaweed, and dead whales, but they would rather have a meal of seal or walrus.

sentences_after: The Arctic fox will often trail the bears onto the ice to eat their leftover food.

sentences_after: The fox also eats rabbits, lemmings, and voles.

concept_name: male


sentence: Large herds feed on the grass and lichens.

sentences_before: Caribou and their relative, the reindeer, live in the Arctic too.

sentences_before: The caribou are now found mostly in North America, and they are larger than the reindeer.

sentences_after: When fall comes,s they move south to winter feeding grounds.

sentences_after: They dig through the snow with their sharp hoofs for food.

sentences_after: Their hollow fur creates a cushion of air around them that helps them to stay warm.

sentences_after: In the spring they return north to the summer pastures, where their calves are born.

sentences_after: An hour or so after being born, the calves are able to follow the herd toward the Arctic Ocean.

concept_name: large herd


sentence: Huge icebreakers work to keep a path open so ships can reach the port.

headings:
Arctic
The Arctic today

sentences_before: Russia has a huge port city right in Lapland, within the Arctic Circle.

sentences_before: Murmansk is the largest city north of the Arctic Circle.

sentences_before: The port is kept ice-free by the warm waters of the Gulf Stream coming up around Norway and Sweden from the South Atlantic.

sentences_after: The port ships out fish, minerals, and lumber to Russia and the rest of the world.

concept_name: huge icebreaker


sentence: Beaches are associated with summer in Western culture.

concept_name: beach


sentence: Summer happens to the north and south sides of the Earth at opposite times of the year.

sentences_before: Four seasons are found in areas which are not too hot or too cold.

sentences_after: In the north part of the world, summer takes place between the months of June and September and in the south part of the world, it takes place between December and March.

sentences_after: This is because when the north part of the Earth points towards the Sun, the south part points away.

concept_name: summer


sentence: Young ones grow slowly compared to other sharks.

headings:
Scalloped hammerhead
Reproduction

sentences_before: Females are pregnant for 9 to 10 months before giving birth to 15 to 30 pups.

concept_name: young one


sentence: Hammerhead sharks are the most commonly caught sharks for finning.

headings:
Scalloped hammerhead
Endangered status

sentences_before: The reason for this is because of over-fishing for shark fins.

sentences_before: Their fins are made into shark fin soup.

sentences_before: Researchers are calling for a ban on Shark finning, which is when the fin's of sharks are cut off and the rest of the animal is thrown back into the water to die.

concept_name: hammerhead shark


sentence: Salt marshes are green, mangrove swamps are orange.

concept_name: salt marsh


sentence: Article is indeed worthless rubbish.

headings: Wikipedia:Requests for deletion/Requests/2012/Types of cities by geographical region

sentences_after: I don't think this is a meaningful topic at all.

sentences_after: Well, the article fails to justify its claims by means of reliable sources, so it's not notable.

sentences_after: Under 'Other websites' is a link which does not support the page content.

concept_name: article


sentence: Most American states have a state fossil.

sentences_after: Many times these were selected in the 1980s.

concept_name: american state


sentence: Competence is required' as well.

sentences_before: Where we very often see big disputes, though, is with editors who are disruptive while trying to help.

sentences_before: Many editors have focused so much on this that they have come to believe that good faith is all that is required to be a useful contributor.

concept_name: competence


sentence: Mistakes are an inevitable part of the wiki process.

headings: What "Competence is required" does not mean

sentences_before: Wikipedia most certainly has a learning curve.

concept_name: mistake


sentence: Small improvements are our bread and butter.

sentences_before: It does not mean perfection is required.

sentences_before: Articles can be improved in small steps, rather than being made perfect in one fell swoop.

concept_name: small improvement


sentence: Antibodies are the key element in the adaptive immune system.

sentences_before: They are found in the blood or other body fluids of vertebrates.

concept_name: antibody


sentence: Hashima island is near the mouth of Nagasaki harbour.

headings: Hashima Geography

sentences_after: It is about 19 miles from the center of the city.

concept_name: hashima island


sentence: Toads spend most of their time on land, while frogs spend most of their time in the water.

headings: Anura Habitats

sentences_after: Tailed frogs looks similar to toads because of their hard skin.

sentences_after: They are the only frogs with this organ.

sentences_after: The genus 'Eleutherodactylus' are terrestrial frogs.

concept_name: toad


sentence: Spadefoot toads make crying sounds during a rainstorm.

sentences_before: Tailed frogs looks similar to toads because of their hard skin.

sentences_before: They are the only frogs with this organ.

sentences_before: The genus 'Eleutherodactylus' are terrestrial frogs.

concept_name: spadefoot toad


sentence: True toads have poison parotoid glands that can paralyze or even kill dogs.

headings: Anura Species

sentences_before: The marine toads are the only toads which live in Australia, where they were introduced by people.

sentences_after: However, some other animals eat true toads without ill effects.

concept_name: true toad


sentence: Consultancy means to provide advice, guidance and service.

sentences_before: It provides consultancy to its clients for financial, marketing, managerial and legal matters.

sentences_after: It helps a business person to start a business.

sentences_after: It helps to expand and modernise the business.

sentences_after: It helps in restructuring of a business.

sentences_after: It also helps companies to register, buy and sell stocks at the stock exchange.

concept_name: consultancy


sentence: Drones also have civilian uses, such as for firefighting.

sentences_before: Even though some drones are operated by a computer, most of them are controlled remotely by people on the ground.

sentences_before: UAVs are mostly used by military forces, for example for reconnaissance or unmanned combat.

sentences_before: Some of them are programmed to be a target, to be shot at, for example.

concept_name: drone


sentence: European robins have brown legs and their tail is bluntly square.

sentences_before: In English, this bird is usually just called 'robin'.

sentences_before: It is a member of the order Passerine which makes it a perching bird.

sentences_before: You can sometimes see a blue-grey fringe around the bottom part of the robin's red breast patch.

sentences_after: They have large, black eyes and a small black bill.

concept_name: european robin


sentence: Treatment is usually by taking antibiotic drugs.

sentences_before: The disease should not be confused with cellulite.

sentences_before: Cellulitis is caused by bacteria, usually staphylococcus or streptococcus, which can get through a break in the skin.

sentences_before: These breaks can be caused by a wound, cracks in the skin, insect bites, or problems with the bodies immune system.

sentences_before: The infection causes the skin to become red, hot and painful.

concept_name: treatment


sentence: Haems are components of haemoglobin, the red pigment in blood.

sentences_after: They are also components of a number of other haemoproteins.

concept_name: haem


sentence: Intrinsic factor is made by cells in the stomach.

sentences_before: A special protein, called intrinsic factor, helps the body get vitamin B12 from food such as meat, poultry and dairy foods.

sentences_after: If there is not enough intrinsic factor, the small intestine is unable to get the vitamin B12.

sentences_after: There are several causes of pernicious anemia.

sentences_after: These include a weakened stomach lining or a problem with the body's immune system which causes it to attack the intrinsic factor.

sentences_after: In some rare cases is can be passed down through families.

sentences_after: Treatment is usually a regular injection of vitamin B12.

concept_name: intrinsic factor


sentence: Mast cells have many granules rich in histamine and heparin.

sentences_after: Mast cells play an important protective role  in wound healing and defence against pathogens.

concept_name: mast cell


sentence: Mast cells play an important protective role  in wound healing and defence against pathogens.

sentences_before: Mast cells have many granules rich in histamine and heparin.


sentence: Condors are scavengers.

sentences_after: Their distinctive bare heads are an adaptation to their feeding method.

sentences_after: It helps to keep them clean as they feed inside a carcass.

concept_name: condor


sentence: Carrion is an important source of food for several kinds of carnivores and omnivores.

sentences_before: Carrion' is the carcass of a dead animal.

sentences_before: There are several kinds of animal that feed on such meat, such as vultures, hyenas, condors, or Tasmanian Devils.

concept_name: carrion


sentence: Electronic engineers work in the electrical, electronics and computer engineering fields.

sentences_before: Other people design and construct electronic circuits for useful purposes.

sentences_after: Often the electronics need software to do their job, even if it is not a full computer.

concept_name: electronic engineer


sentence: Hard objects are things like buildings, hills, and mountains.

headings:
Electronics
Pulse circuits

sentences_after: Metallic objects are anything made of metal, like aircraft, bridges, or even objects in space, like satellites.

sentences_after: The reflected radar energy is detected by radar pulse receivers which use both pulse and digital circuits together.

sentences_after: The pulse and digital circuits in radar pulse receivers are used to show the location and distance of objects which have reflected the radar transmitter's high powered pulses.

concept_name: hard object


sentence: Digital circuits are used for signals that repeatedly turn on and off.

headings:
Electronics
Digital circuits

sentences_after: Active components in digital circuits typically have a constant amplitude when turned on, and zero amplitude when turned off.

sentences_after: In general, digital circuits count the number of times a component is switched on and off.

sentences_after: Computers and electronic clocks are examples of electronic devices that are made up of mostly digital circuits.

concept_name: digital circuit


sentence: Photons are fundamental particles.

headings: Photon Properties

sentences_after: Although they can be created and destroyed, their lifetime is infinite.

concept_name: photon


sentence: Radio technology makes great use of frequency.

sentences_before: A photon has a given frequency, which determines its color.

sentences_after: Beyond the visible range, frequency is less discussed, for example it is little used in distinguishing between X-Ray photons and infrared.

concept_name: radio technology


sentence: Polarized sunglasses stop photons swinging up and down from passing.

sentences_before: The last usable property of a photon is its polarity.

sentences_before: If you saw a giant photon coming straight at you, it could appear as a swath whipping vertically, horizontally, or somewhere in between.

sentences_after: This is how they reduce glare as light bouncing off of surfaces tend to fly that way.

concept_name: polarized sunglass


sentence: Some animals can see light polarization.

sentences_before: LCD screens also use polarity to control which light passes through.

concept_name: animal


sentence: Electromagnetism is an idea that combines electricity with magnetism.

headings: Photon Electromagnetism

sentences_before: In particle physics, photons are responsible for electromagnetic force.

sentences_after: One common way that we experience electromagnetism in our daily lives is light, which is caused by electromagnetism.

sentences_after: Electromagnetism is also responsible for charge, which is the reason that you can not push your hand through a table.

sentences_after: Since photons are the force-carrying particle of electromagnetism, they are also gauge bosons.

sentences_after: This would mean that dark matter does not have a charge, and does not give off light.

concept_name: electromagnetism


sentence: Velocity is a vector, because it is a speed in a certain direction.

headings:
Vector
More examples of vectors

concept_name: velocity


sentence: Many pubs also sell food such as fish and chips and meat pies.

sentences_before: They are subject to the licensing laws of the country and may be closed down if not properly conducted.

concept_name: pub


sentence: Some pubs hire bands or singers to entertain patrons.

sentences_before: Pubs are found in English-speaking countries such as England, Ireland, Scotland, Canada, and the United States.

sentences_before: In villages and small towns in many parts of England, Ireland, and Scotland, pubs are the center of community life.

sentences_after: If the pub offers rooms where people can sleep at night, it is usually called an inn.


sentence: Most people go to nightclubs because they enjoy the music and dancing.

headings:
Public house
Comparison with nightclubs

sentences_before: Another type of business that serves alcohol is the nightclub.

sentences_before: Like pubs, some nightclubs also serve food and have bands or singers as entertainers.

sentences_after: However, nightclubs often have a much wider selection of alcoholic drinks than pubs.

sentences_after: Most nightclubs sell a number of different brands of spirits, liqeurs, wine, sherry, and apertifs.

concept_name: people


sentence: Most nightclubs sell a number of different brands of spirits, liqeurs, wine, sherry, and apertifs.

sentences_before: Most people go to nightclubs because they enjoy the music and dancing.

sentences_before: However, nightclubs often have a much wider selection of alcoholic drinks than pubs.

concept_name: nightclub