gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular and genetic analyses of Tic20 homologues in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> chloroplasts (2011)

The Tic20 protein was identified in pea (Pisum sativum) as a component of the chloroplast protein import apparatus. In Arabidopsis, there are four Tic20 homologues, termed atTic20-I, atTic20-IV, atTic20-II and atTic20-V, all with predicted topological similarity to the pea protein (psTic20). Analysis of Tic20 sequences from many species indicated that they are phylogenetically unrelated to mitochondrial Tim17-22-23 proteins, and that they form two evolutionarily conserved subgroups [characterized by psTic20/atTic20-I/IV (Group 1) and atTic20-II/V (Group 2)]. Like psTic20, all four Arabidopsis proteins have a predicted transit peptide consistent with targeting to the inner envelope. Envelope localization of each one was confirmed by analysis of YFP fusions. RT-PCR and microarray data revealed that the four genes are expressed throughout development. To assess the functional significance of the genes, T-DNA mutants were identified. Homozygous tic20-I plants had an albino phenotype that correlated with abnormal chloroplast development and reduced levels of chloroplast proteins. However, knockouts for the other three genes were indistinguishable from the wild type. To test for redundancy, double and triple mutants were studied; apart from those involving tic20-I, none was distinguishable from the wild type. The tic20-I tic20-II and tic20-I tic20-V double mutants were albino, like the corresponding tic20-I parent. In contrast, tic20-I tic20-IV double homozygotes could not be identified, due to gametophytic and embryonic lethality. Redundancy between atTic20-I and atTic20-IV was confirmed by complementation analysis. Thus, atTic20-I and atTic20-IV are the major functional Tic20 isoforms in Arabidopsis, with partially overlapping roles. While the Group 2 proteins have been conserved over approximately 1.2 billion (1.2 × 10(9) ) years, they are not essential for normal development.
NaIO<sub>4</sub>-Mediated Selective Oxidative Halogenation of Alkenes and Aromatics Using Alkali Metal Halides (2003)

NaIO4 oxidizes alkali metal halides efficiently in aqueous medium to halogenate alkenes and aromatics and produce the corresponding halo derivatives in excellent regio and stereoselectivity. The system also demonstrates the asymmetric version of bromo hydroxylation using β-cyclodextrin complexes, resulting in moderate ee.
VTOL UAV Transition Maneuver Using Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (2018)

The paper seeks to study the control system design of a novel unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The UAV is capable of vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL), transition flight and cruising via the technique of direct force control. The incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion (INDI) approach is adopted for the 6-DOF nonlinear and nonaffine control of the UAV. Based on the INDI control law, a method of two-layer cascaded optimal control allocation is proposed to handle the redundant and coupled control variables. For the weight selection in optimal control allocation, a dynamic weight strategy is proposed. This strategy can adjust the weight of the objective function according to the flight states and mission requirements, thus determining the optimizing direction and ensuring the rationality of the allocation results. Simulation results indicate that the UAV can track the target trajectory accurately and exhibit continuous maneuverability in transition flight.
Medical image processing: A review (2016)

The advent of computer aided technologies image processing techniques have become increasingly important in a wide variety of medical applications. Intervention between the protection of useful diagnostic information and noise suppression must be treasured in medical images. Image denoising is an applicable issue found in diverse image processing and computer vision problems. There are various existing methods to denoise images. The important property of a good image denoising model is that it should completely remove noise as far as possible as well as preserve edges. This paper presents a review of some major work in area of image denoising. The objective in all discipline is to extract information about the scene being imaged. The rapid progress in computerized medical image reconstruction and the associated developments in analysis methods and computer-aided diagnosis has boosted medical imaging into one of the most important sub-fields in scientific imaging Ultrasound, MRI, CT-Scan, PET Scan are the medical techniques mainly used by the radiologist for visualization of internal structure of the human body without any surgery. These provide ample information about the human soft tissue, which helps in the diagnosis of human diseases.
Top-Down Identification of Protein Biomarkers in Bacteria with Unsequenced Genomes (2009)

MALDI mass spectrometry-based systems for rapid characterization of microorganisms in biodefense or medical diagnostics usually detect intact proteins in the 5000-20,000 Da range. To evaluate the reliability of species discrimination, and also for forensic applications, it is important that these biomarker proteins be identified. In the present study we apply high resolution tandem mass analysis on an Orbitrap and top-down bioinformatics to identify major biomarker proteins observed in MALDI spectra of intact bacteria for which little genomic or protein sequence information is available. The strategy depends on recognition of proteins with very high homology in related (sequenced) species, making it possible to place unsequenced organisms in their correct phylogenetic context. We show that this rapid proteomics based approach to phylogenetic characterization produces similar results to the traditional techniques, and may even be applied to target organisms of undetermined taxonomy. We further discuss important issues in combining genomics/proteomics databases and MALDI MS for the rapid characterization of microorganisms.
Simultaneous sensing and actuation with a piezoelectric tube scanner (2008)

Piezoelectric tube scanners with quartered external electrodes are the most widely used nanopositioning technology in modern scanning probe microscopes. There has been increasing interest in utilizing feedback control techniques to improve bandwidth and accuracy of these nanopositioners. The use of feedback requires a sensor to be incorporated into the nanopositioning device. Noncontact displacement sensors, e.g., capacitive and inductive sensors, have been used for this purpose. However, their measurements contain a significant noise component if operated over large bandwidths. The piezoelectric voltage induced in a tube nanopositioner has been proposed recently as an alternative measure of displacement with a much improved noise figure, up to three orders of magnitude better than capacitive sensors. In this arrangement, an electrode is used to actuate the tube, while the opposite electrode is used as a sensor. This approach has two drawbacks: (i) the operating range of the tube is reduced to half and (ii) the tube is not driven symmetrically, thus the opposite sides of the tube experience asymmetric stresses, i.e., in this mode of operation, the scanner is not a perfectly collocated system. In this paper, we present a new electrode pattern for piezoelectric tube scanners which addresses the above problems and allows simultaneous sensing and actuation of the tube in an efficient way.
Design Considerations for Microwave Oven Cavities (1970)

The heating mechanism in a microwave oven results from the interaction of a high-frequency electromagnetic field and the food within it. In most ovens the field is generated by a magnetron which converts dc energy to high-frequency energy at approximately 2450 MHz. This energy is then propagated into the oven chamber which is, in reality, a multimode resonant cavity where the energy is reflected from the walls to create standing wave patterns. To properly design a microwave oven, one must consider not only the magnetron but also the dimensions and resonant properties of the oven cavity. The designer must strive for a uniform energy density within the cavity for uniform cooking of the food and must be sure the cavity presents the proper load to the magnetron. These objectives are discussed, and a procedure for obtaining them is outlined.
Aminoglycoside antibiotics : from chemical biology to drug discovery (2007)

Preface. Contributors. 1. In the Beginning There Was Streptomycin (Julian Davies). 2. The Biochemistry and Genetics of Aminoglycoside Producers (Wolfgang Piepersberg, Khaled M. Aboshanab, Heike Schmidt-Beisner, and Udo F. Wehmeier). 3. Mechanisms of Aminoglycoside Antibiotic Resistance (Tushar Shakya and Gerard D. Wright). 4. Design, Chemical Synthesis, and Antibacterial Activity of Kanamycin and Neomycin Class Aminoglycoside Antibiotics (Jinhua Wang and Cheng-Wei Tom Chang). 5. NMR Structural Studies of Aminoglycoside: RNA Interaction (R. Andrew Marshall and Joseph D. Puglisi). 6. Structural Comparisons Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Ribosomal Decoding A Sites Free and Complexed with Aminoglycosides (Jiro Kondo and Eric Westhof). 7. Binding of Antibiotics to the Aminoacyl-tRNA Site of Bacterial Ribosome (Dale Kling, Christine Chow, and Shahriar Mobashery). 8. Metalloaminoglycosides: Chemistry and Biological Relevance (Nikhil Gokhale, Anjali Patwardhan, and J. A. Cowan). 9. Adverse Effects of Aminoglycoside Therapy (Andra E. Talaska and Jochen Schacht). 10. Targeting HIV-1 RNA with Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Their Derivatives (Lev Elson-Schwab and Yitzhak Tor). 11. Novel Targets for Aminoglycosides (Dev P. Arya, Nicholas Shaw, and Hongjuan Xi). Index.
Single-Step qPCR and dPCR Detection of Diverse CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing Events <i>in Vivo</i> (2017)

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-based technology is currently the most flexible means to create targeted mutations by recombination or indel mutations by nonhomologous end joining. During mouse transgenesis, recombinant and indel alleles are often pursued simultaneously. Multiple alleles can be formed in each animal to create significant genetic complexity that complicates the CRISPR-Cas9 approach and analysis. Currently, there are no rapid methods to measure the extent of on-site editing with broad mutation sensitivity. In this study, we demonstrate the allelic diversity arising from targeted CRISPR editing in founder mice. Using this DNA sample collection, we validated specific quantitative and digital PCR methods (qPCR and dPCR, respectively) for measuring the frequency of on-target editing in founder mice. We found that locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes combined with an internal reference probe (Drop-Off Assay) provide accurate measurements of editing rates. The Drop-Off LNA Assay also detected on-target CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in blastocysts with a sensitivity comparable to PCR-clone sequencing. Lastly, we demonstrate that the allele-specific LNA probes used in qPCR competitor assays can accurately detect recombinant mutations in founder mice. In summary, we show that LNA-based qPCR and dPCR assays provide a rapid method for quantifying the extent of on-target genome editing <i>in vivo</i>, testing RNA guides, and detecting recombinant mutations.
An Extremely Sensitive<i>in Vitro</i>Model for Elucidating Structure-Activity Relationships of Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor Analogs* (1985)

An improved rat anterior pituitary primary cell culture technique for studying GH-releasing activity of human pancreatic GH-releasing factor (hpGRF) and its analogs is described. Male pituitaries, dispersed by a combination of trypsin digestion and mechanical agitation, were plated at a density of 200,000 cells per well and cultured for 4 days. The attached cells were then stimulated with synthetic hpGRF which was comprised of the first 29 residues of the larger, originally isolated forms and which was amidated at the C-terminal (hpGRF-29). Analogs of hpGRF-29 which were modified in positions 1, 2, 3, or 7, and other secretagogues were similarly tested. Medium was collected after 3 h, and secreted hormone was measured by RIA. The cells were extremely sensitive to hpGRF-29 stimulation, and this effect was specific. The minimal effective dose of hpGRF-29 was an unprecedented 0.4 X 10(-15)M. No stimulation of LH, FSH, or PRL by hpGRF-29 was observed. Bombesin and vasoactive intestinal peptide were ineffective in stimulating GH release. [D-Trp6]LHRH (a potent LHRH agonist), also did not release GH but did stimulate secretion of LH and FSH at doses ranging from 0.4 X 10(-10)M to 1.0 X 10(-9)M. Responses of the cells to hpGRF-29 analogs were characterized by distinct heterologous dose-response curves. [D-Ala2]hpGRF-29 was 50 times more active than its parent 29-amino-acid peptide. [D-Thr7]hpGRF-29, another analog that differed from hpGRF-29 by the insertion of a D-isomer for the naturally occurring L-residue, was about 10,000 times less effective in stimulating GH secretion than was hpGRF-29 itself. Potencies of these and other analogs with respect to GH release in vitro were similar to those estimated in vivo. Thus, this primary cell culture provides an extremely sensitive, selective, and reproducible system for studying hpGRF structure-activity relationships. Further, such tremendous sensitivity to hpGRF can provide a system to study changes in pituitary sensitivity to hpGRF during different physiological states.
An Advanced Lithium Ion Battery Based on High Performance Electrode Materials (2011)

In this paper we report the study of a high capacity Sn-C nanostructured anode and of a high rate, high voltage Li[Ni(0.45)Co(0.1)Mn(1.45)]O(4) spinel cathode. We have combined these anode and cathode materials in an advanced lithium ion battery that, by exploiting this new chemistry, offers excellent performances in terms of cycling life, i.e., ca. 100 high rate cycles, of rate capability, operating at 5C and still keeping more than 85% of the initial capacity, and of energy density, expected to be of the order of 170 Wh kg(-1). These unique features make the battery a very promising energy storage for powering low or zero emission HEV or EV vehicles.
Reliability of the laminate from advanced COPNA-resin/E-glass fabrics system (1997)

Reliability of the advanced COPNA-resin laminate which exhibited high glass transition temperature (Tg) at 255/spl deg/C, low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) at 5-7 ppm (xy-axis) and at 29 ppm (x-axis) was evaluated by temperature-humidity-bias (THB) test, pressure-cooker (PC) test, heat-shock test, heat-cycle test, and conductive anodic filaments (CAF) test. The laminate exhibited higher reliability than the FR-4 graded epoxy-resin laminate in every test, and exhibited higher reliability than the bismaleimide-triazine resin laminate in the THB test, heat-shock test, and heat-cycle test. The high reliability of the advanced COPNA-resin system is considered to be due to its high Tg and small CTE. In this paper, low CTEs of the advanced COPNA-resin laminate are also theoretically studied by using a model for uni-axially reinforced composites.
A Facile Strategy toward Conjugated Polyelectrolyte with Oligopeptide as Pendants for Biological Applications (2013)

We report a facile yet efficient strategy to synthesize biofunctionalized conjugated polyelectrolyte using click reaction between an amphiphilic oligopeptide (R10) and organic soluble polyfluorene (PF) as an example. PF-R10 shows the absorption and emission maxima at ~380 and ~430 nm in water, respectively. In addition, it exhibits enhanced fluorescence in acidic circumstance as compared to that in neutral environment because of reduced aggregation, which is confirmed by laser light scattering and atomic force microscopy studies. In view of the penetration property of the grafted R10 peptide, PF-R10 shows excellent cell uptake and labeling ability in cellular imaging.
Synthesis and Bioactivity of Novel <i>N</i>,<i>N′</i>‐Diacylhydrazine Derivatives Containing Furan (II) (2010)

Abstract Diacylhydrazines have been found as molting hormone analogs since RH‐5849 was reported as the first nonsteroidal ecdysone agonist in 1988. Optimizations on diacylhydrizines with benzoheterocycle containing oxygen were widely explored in recent years. In order to find novel compounds with high bioactivity, a series of mono‐ ( I ) and di‐acylhydrazine ( II ) derivatives containing furan were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by 1 H NMR, IR, elemental analyses and single crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses ( II 7 ). The bioassay results showed that some of the mono‐acylhydrazine ( I ) derivatives exhibited good larvicidal activity against Culex pipiens pallens at 10 mg/L and better than those of di‐acylhydrazines ( II ). Generally, the anti‐tumor activity of di‐acylhydrazines ( II ) was better than that of mono‐acylhydrazines ( I ).
Metal iodides: novel solution precursors to cuprate superconductors (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal iodides: novel solution precursors to cuprate superconductorsRonald H. Baney, Debora F. Bergstrom, and Bruce H. JusticeCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 5, 984–987Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00023a011https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00023a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>C9orf72</i> is required for proper macrophage and microglial function in mice (2016)

Expansions of a hexanucleotide repeat (GGGGCC) in the noncoding region of the C9orf72 gene are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. Decreased expression of C9orf72 is seen in expansion carriers, suggesting that loss of function may play a role in disease. We found that two independent mouse lines lacking the C9orf72 ortholog (3110043O21Rik) in all tissues developed normally and aged without motor neuron disease. Instead, C9orf72 null mice developed progressive splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy with accumulation of engorged macrophage-like cells. C9orf72 expression was highest in myeloid cells, and the loss of C9orf72 led to lysosomal accumulation and altered immune responses in macrophages and microglia, with age-related neuroinflammation similar to C9orf72 ALS but not sporadic ALS human patient tissue. Thus, C9orf72 is required for the normal function of myeloid cells, and altered microglial function may contribute to neurodegeneration in C9orf72 expansion carriers.
Intensity-Based Congealing for Unsupervised Joint Image Alignment (2010)

We present an approach for unsupervised alignment of an ensemble of images called congealing. Our algorithm is based on image registration using the mutual information measure as a cost function. The cost function is optimized by a standard gradient descent method in a multiresolution scheme. As opposed to other congealing methods, which use the SSD measure, the mutual information measure is better suited as a similarity measure for registering images since no prior assumptions on the relation of intensities between images are required. We present alignment results on the MNIST handwritten digit database and on facial images obtained from the CVL database.
A Reference Path and Measurement Points for Large-Scale Measurement of Broadband Performance (2015)

This document defines a reference path for Large-scale Measurement of Broadband Access Performance (LMAP) and measurement points for commonly used performance metrics. Other similar measurement projects may also be able to use the extensions described here for measurement point location. The purpose is to create an efficient way to describe the location of the measurement point(s) used to conduct a particular measurement. Status of This Memo This document is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is published for informational purposes. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Not all documents approved by the IESG are a candidate for any level of Internet
Dependence of mesenchymal cell responses on duration of exposure to bone morphogenetic protein-2 in vitro (1997)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) induce osteoblastic responses in cultures of pluripotent mesenchymal cells. The effects of chronic treatment of these cells with BMPs and of withdrawal following exposure, however, have not been fully elucidated. Thus, the aim of this study was to obtain information about the duration of exposure to recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) required for expression and retention of osteoblastic characteristics with subsequent formation of a mineralized extracellular matrix in mesenchymal cell cultures. C3H1OT1/2 cells and bone marrow stromal cells were cultured with 1 mug/ml rhBMP-2 for either 0, 7, 14, 21, or 28 days, with the remainder of the 4 week total culture period in the absence of rhBMP-2. Growth and expression of osteoblastic characteristics were examined at the end of each week. C3H1OT1/2 cells responded to increasing duration of exposure to rhBMP-2 with increased cell growth. Additionally, the longer the cells were exposed to rhBMP-2, the more fully they expressed and sustained osteoblastic traits, i.e., they exhibited duration of exposure-dependent higher levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin and larger total amounts of mineral in the matrix. In comparison, exposure of bone marrow stromal cells to rhBMP-2 for at least 14 days restrained cell growth and prevented detachment. With respect to osteoblastic traits, stromal cells exposed to rhBMP-2 also exhibited a dependence on the duration of exposure, however, cultures treated for 14, 21, or 28 days exhibited similar levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and comparable amounts of calcium in the mineralizing matrix.