gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical memory devices based on inorganic/organic nanocomposites (2012)

Nonvolatile memory devices based on hybrid inorganic/organic nanocomposites have emerged as excellent candidates for promising applications in next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. Among the various types of nonvolatile memory devices, organic bistable devices fabricated utilizing hybrid organic/inorganic nanocomposites have currently been receiving broad attention because of their excellent performance with high-mechanical flexibility, simple fabrication and low cost. The prospect of potential applications of nonvolatile memory devices fabricated utilizing hybrid nanocomposites has led to substantial research and development efforts to form various kinds of nanocomposites by using various methods. Generally, hybrid inorganic/organic nanocomposites are composed of organic layers containing metal nanoparticles, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), core-shell semiconductor QDs, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene molecules or graphene oxides (GOs). This review article describes investigations of and developments in nonvolatile memory devices based on hybrid inorganic/organic nanocomposites over the past 5 years. The device structure, fabrication and electrical characteristics of nonvolatile memory devices are discussed, and the switching and carrier transport mechanisms in the hybrid nonvolatile memory devices are reviewed. Furthermore, various flexible memory devices fabricated utilizing hybrid nanocomposites are described and their future prospects are discussed. Tae Whan Kim and co-workers review how nanocomposite materials that combine organic and inorganic materials are attractive for use in memory components. A wide variety of structures have been used to store information by switching between two states, making for either volatile or nonvolatile memory systems; well-known examples of both types are random access memory (RAM) and computer hard disks, respectively. Among those, hybrid organic-inorganic devices–such as a polymer matrix in which metal nanoparticles have been incorporated–are easy to make, cost-effective, mechanically flexible, and efficient. Further studies will endeavour to better understand the memories' mechanisms and improve their switching speed and reproducibility. These hybrid structures are particularly promising for the development of flexible memories required to construct the next generation of portable devices. Nonvolatile memory devices based on hybrid inorganic/organic nanocomposites have emerged as excellent candidates for promising applications in next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices because of their advantages of high-mechanical flexibility, simple fabrication and low cost. As shown in the figure, the resistive switching of a nanocomposite sandwiched between two electrodes enables the cross-point where A and B cross to work as a memory cell for data storage. To date, various nanomaterials and device structures have been developed to optimize the memory properties of hybrid nanocomposites.
The effect of nitrogen on soft magnetism in FeTaN films (1995)

An attempt has been made to understand and explain the relationship between soft magnetism and nitrogen content in single layer FeTaN films deposited by dc magnetron sputtering. The effect of nitrogen content on film microstructure, crystallite size, saturation magnetization, magnetostriction, and coercivity is analyzed. Clear trends emerge from this analysis. A linear relationship exists between nitrogen content and all the properties mentioned above with the exception of coercivity. The coercivity is observed to decrease suddenly on the addition of nitrogen, then remain flat over a large range of nitrogen contents, finally increasing rapidly at high nitrogen contents. Permeability and anisotropy field measurements are also reported.
DNA methylation in thermophilic bacteria: N<sup>4</sup>-methylcytosine, 5-methylcytosine, and N<sup>5</sup>methyladenine (1985)

While determining the minor and major base composition of the DNA from 17 types of thermophilic bacteria by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of enzymatic digests, we have discovered a novel base, N4-methylcytosine (m4C). Its structure was proven by comparison of the DNA-derived nucleoside to the analogous authentic compound by HPLC, UV spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy. Eight of the bacterial DNAs contained m4C. Only two contained the common minor base, 5-methylcytosine (m5C), and neither of these was from an extreme thermophile. The other prevalent modified base of bacterial DNA, N6-methyladenine (m6A), was found in nine of the DNAs. Restriction analysis revealed that four of the DNAs had dam-type (Gm6ATC) methylation patterns. Due to the propensity of m5C residues to be deaminated by heat to thymine residues and to inefficient repair of the resulting mismatched base pairs, thermophiles with optimal growth temperatures of greater than or equal to 60 degrees C generally may avoid having m5C in their genomes. Instead, some of them have deamination-resistant m4C residues.
Knowledge Management in Health Care: An Architectural Framework for Clinical Process Management Systems (2006)

This work describes the architectural framework of a clinical process management system. It supports the extraction, from textual documents, of ontologies, clinical processes and guidelines and allows their formal description using ontology and workflow representation languages. Clinical processes and guidelines are stored in a knowledge base and classified w.r.t. the concepts contained in the ontologies. Starting from this process-centered vision of health care practices the system is able to enhance cost control and patient safety, reducing risks due to medical errors and adverse events. The main goal of the system is to assist in executing the clinical processes by providing intelligence functionalities, based on workflow mining techniques, and in monitoring processes during their execution. Furthermore, acquired process instances can be analyzed to identify main causes of risks, to control costs and, potentially, to suggest clinical process restructuring or improvement
Three-dimensional structure of the ordered phases of Hg on Cu(001) (1992)

The structures of ordered phases following adsorption of mercury on Cu(001) have been identified using helium-beam scattering and low-energy electron diffraction. We found that three of the four observed ordered submonolayer phases are high-order commensurate phases. The three-dimensional structure of these phases brought about by a periodic variation of the height of the Hg atoms above the Cu(001) plane has been measured. Furthermore, from a combined analysis of helium-beam scattering and angle-resolved photoemission data for a low-density Hg ordered overlayer, we deduce and quantify the departure from the atomic electron distribution of Hg due to adsorption. A model to analyze diffraction data from all these phases is also presented. We show that second-layer structural and electronic properties are influenced by those of the first layer. Adsorption at the lowest substrate temperature obtainable proceeds in a layer-by-layer mode up to three layers.
Influence of<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>subsp.<i>paratuberculosis</i>on Colitis Development and Specific Immune Responses during Disease (2007)

The granulomatous and intramural inflammation observed in cases of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and veterinary Johne's disease suggests that Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is a causative agent. However, an incomplete understanding of the immunological steps responsible for the pathologies of IBD makes this conclusion uncertain. Sera from interleukin-10-deficient (IL-10(-/-)) mice with spontaneous colitis displayed significantly higher M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific immunoglobulin G2a antibody responses than did sera from similar mice without disease. Pathogen-free IL-10(-/-) mice received control vehicle or the vehicle containing heat-killed or live M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Mucosal CD4(+) T cells from the mice that developed colitis proliferated and secreted higher levels of gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha after ex vivo stimulation with a Vbeta11(+) T-cell receptor-restricted peptide from the MPT59 antigen (Ag85B) than those secreted from cells from mice before the onset of colitis. The data from this study provide important information regarding the mechanisms of colitis in IL-10(-/-) mice, which are driven in part by Ag85B-specific T cells. The data suggest a plausible mechanism of Ag-specific T-cell responses in colitis driven by potent Ags conserved in Mycobacterium species.
Image sequence coding using adaptive finite-state vector quantization (1992)

A coding algorithm must have the ability to adapt to changing image characteristics for image sequences. An adaptive finite-state vector quantization (FSVQ) in which the bit rate and the encoding time can be reduced is described. In order to improve the image quality and avoid producing a wrong state for an input vector, a threshold is used in FSVQ to decide whether to switch to a full searching VQ. The codebook is conditionally replenished according to a distortion threshold at a later time to reflect the local statistics of the current frame. After the codebook is replenished, one can quickly reconstruct the state codebooks of FSVQ using the state codebook selection algorithm. In the experiments, the improvement over the static SMVQ is up to 2.40 dB at nearly the same bit rate and the encoding time is only one-ninth the time required by the static SMVQ. Moreover, the improvement over the static VQ is up to 2.91 dB, and the encoding time is only three-fifths the time required by the static VQ for the image sequence 'Claire'.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sirolimus Stimulates Vascular Stem/Progenitor Cell Migration and Differentiation Into Smooth Muscle Cells via Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor/Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway (2013)

These findings provide direct evidence of sirolimus-induced progenitor cell migration and differentiation into SMC via CXCR4 and epidermal growth factor receptor/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/β-catenin signal pathways, thus implicating a novel mechanism of restenosis formation after sirolimus-eluting stent treatment.
Effect of Dimethallyl Carbonate Addition on Thermal Stability of Lithium Ion Batteries (2018)

The role of dimethallyl carbonate (DMAC), which has a multiple functional group, as an additive in electrolyte have been studied for improving thermal stability of lithium ion batteries (LIB). During the initial charging of the negative electrode with an electrolyte that contains the DMAC additive, film formation occurs near 1 V vs. Li/Li+. Furthermore, increases in the amount of DMAC additive are accompanied by increases in the height of the dq/dV peaks and film formation progresses. The time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) results show that increasing the amount of DMAC additive promotes the formation of aliphatic hydrocarbons of C5 or more in the Solid-Electrolyte-Interfase (SEI) and polymerization proceeds. The temperature programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD-MS) results show that the DMAC additive raises the peak temperature for CO2 generation to 100°C or higher. The DMAC additive suppresses self discharge of LIB and suppresses the increase in direct current resistance (DCR) after storage at 50°C.
Edema of cardiac origin. Studies of body water and sodium, renal function, hemodynamic indexes, and plasma hormones in untreated congestive cardiac failure. (1989)

This study provides data on plasma hormone levels in patients with severe clinical congestive cardiac failure who had never received therapy and in whom the presence of an accumulation of excess water and sodium had been established. Eight patients were studied; two had ischemic cardiac disease, and six had dilated cardiomyopathy. Mean hemodynamic measurements at rest were as follows: cardiac index, 1.8 l/min/m2; pulmonary wedge pressure, 30 mm Hg; right atrial pressure, 15 mm Hg. Total body water content was 16% above control, extracellular liquid was 33% above control, plasma volume was 34% above control, total exchangeable sodium was 37% above control, renal plasma flow was 29% of control, and glomerular filtration rate was 65% of control. Plasma norepinephrine was consistently increased (on average 6.3 times control), whereas adrenaline was unaffected. Although plasma renin activity and aldosterone varied widely, they were on average above normal (renin 9.5 times control, aldosterone 6.4 times control). Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (14.3 times control) and growth hormone (11.5 times control) were consistently increased. Cortisol was also increased on average (1.7 times control). Vasopressin was increased only in one patient.
Space Mission Utility and Requirements for a Heat Melt Compactor (2016)

United States
Developing special purpose simulators under Microsoft Windows (1995)

This paper discusses the benefits of using Microsoft Windows to construct special purpose simulators. Microsoft Windows has several features which makes the development of special purpose simulators easier than ever before. The development of a special purpose simulator for the Irish Electricity Supply Board (ESB) is described. This simulator models the network fault location and repair procedure and assists the ESB to find ways to reduce the length of power cuts. Visual Basic was used to design a user interface to a GPSS/H model and greatly assisted the development of the simulator.
Effect of dikegulac on biomass and alkaloid production in Catharanthus roseus (L) G. Don under tin vitro condition (1999)

Ca11us culture of Catharanthus roseus in LS medium was treated with different concentratio ns of sodium dikegulac (DK). Maximum growth was obtained in cultures with 50 )lglml after 25 days and in 100 )lglml after 30 days of every culture .cycle whereas 150 and 200 )lglml exhibited an increase in biomass only in second and first culture cycle respectively, followed by a decline. There was an increase in total alkaloid content, RNA, amino acid, soluble carbohydrate and tryptophan levels at 50 )lglml of dikegulac over control. Dikegulac at lower concentration (50 )lg/ml) seems to be a potent chemical for higher biomass and alkaloid production in long term treatment of C. rose us under tissue culture. Catharanthus roseus (L) G. Don contains over 100 alkaloids, some with a remarkable pharmacological activity' . The most important of these components are anti-leukemic alkaloids, vincristine and vinblastine, and the antihypertensive alkaloids ajmalicine and serpentine. Low yield of antileukemic alkaloids in the plant and high market price of a1kaloids has encouraged intense research for alternative methods for the production of these alkaloids e.g. synthesis or semisynthesis 2 and cell and tissue culture 3 . However,
Mortality event in freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens from Lake Ontario, Canada, associated with viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus, Type IV (2007)

A mortality event primarily affecting freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens was noted during April and May 2005 in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario, Canada. A conservative estimate of the number of dead drum was approximately 100 metric tonnes. Large numbers of dead round goby Neogobius melanostomus were also seen, as well as a few muskellunge Esox masquinongy. In the drum, there was a consistent histological pattern of variably severe panvasculitis, a necrotising myocarditis, meningoencephalitis and a segmental enteritis. Moderate numbers of bullet-shaped viral particles consistent with a rhabdovirus were identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in affected heart tissue. Following primary isolation from pooled tissues on fathead minnow (FHM) cells, a morphologically similar virus, approximately 165 x 60 nm in size, was visualised. Identification of the isolate as viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was confirmed by enzyme immunoassay and by polymerase chain reaction. An appropriately sized product (468 bp) of the G-glycoprotein gene (nucleotides [nt] 340 to 807) was generated with RNA extracted from FHM cell supernatant. Analysis of a 360 nt partial glycoprotein gene sequence (nt 360 to 720) indicated a 96.4 to 97.2% nucleotide identity with known strains of North American (NA) VHSV. Analysis using Neighbour-joining distance methods assigned the isolate to the same lineage as the NA and Japanese isolates (Genogroup IV). However, there was sufficient sequence divergence from known NA VHSV isolates to suggest that this isolate may represent a distinct subgroup. The effects of ongoing mortality in freshwater drum and in multiple species during spring 2006 suggest that this newly recognised virus in the Great Lakes will have continued impact in the near future.
γ-Secretase inhibition promotes cell death, Noxa upregulation, and sensitization to BH3 mimetic ABT-737 in human breast cancer cells (2012)

We thus provide evidence that γ-secretase, and downstream Notch signaling, are relevant targets in breast cancer. GSIXII, used as single agent or in combination with clinically relevant BH3-mimetics, is a promising innovative proapoptotic strategy to treat mammary tumors.
Actigraphic monitoring of movement and rest-activity rhythms in aging, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease (1997)

Actigraphy, the long-term assessment of wrist movements, is used in several research fields, among which are included sleep and circadian rhythms. Actigraphs record movements using accelerometers. The present paper addresses some basic problems and their solutions in the actigraphic assessment of movement, motor symptoms, circadian rest-activity rhythms, and nocturnal agitation in healthy elderly and elderly suffering from a neurodegenerative disease (i.e., Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's disease) and summarizes the results of previous and ongoing research. First, we have investigated how to filter the accelerometer signal in order to minimize the contribution of accelerations induced by positional changes in the gravitational field--a strong source of artefacts. A bandpass filter from 0.5 to 11 Hz appropriately assesses movement induced accelerations while minimizing gravitational artefact. The application of a bandpass filter from 0.25 to 2 or 3 Hz, as is used in some of the commercially available actigraphs, results in artefacts and moreover biases the slower part of the movement spectrum. It is therefore far from optimal for research on aging, which is associated with a generalized motor slowing. Second, we have proposed an alternative to traditional methods of signal processing in actigraphy, in order to assess both the duration and intensity of movements, and in order to distinguish Parkinsonian tremor. Based on this algorithm, new types of actigraphs have been designed. Third, we have proposed sensitive variables in order to quantify rest-activity rhythm disturbances in healthy elderly subjects and Alzheimer patients, who often present with symptoms of nocturnal restlessness. Since, in these subjects, research protocols applying enforced phase shifts or time-free environments are unfeasible and not justifiable from an ethical point of view, the variables were specifically designed to assess the functionality of the circadian timing system from actigraphic recordings made in the natural environment of subjects. Examples of the application of actigraphy are given, including studies on symptom fluctuations and medication responses in Parkinson patients, and studies on circadian rhythm disturbances and possible remedies in elderly and Alzheimer patients.
A compositional logic for proving security properties of protocols* (2003)

We present a logic for proving security properties of protocols that use nonces (randomly generated numbers that uniquely identify a protocol session) and public-key cryptography. The logic, designed around a process calculus with actions for each possible protocol step, consists of axioms about pr otocol actions and inference rules that yield assertions about protocols composed of multiple steps. Although assertions are written using only steps of the protocol, the logic is sound in a stronger sense: each provable assertion about an action or sequence of actions holds in any run of the protocol that contains the given actions and arbitrary additional actions by a malicious attacker. This approach lets us prove security properties of protocols under attack while reasoning only about the sequence of actions taken by honest parties to the protocol. The main security-specific parts of the proof system are rules for reasoning about the set of messages that could reveal secret data and an invariant rule called the “honesty rule”.
A hybrid release planning method and its empirical justification (2012)

Background: The use of Constraint Programming (CP) has been proposed by Regnell and Kuchcinski to model and solve the Release Planning Problem. However, they did not empirically demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of CP over existing release planning methods.
Transparent vs. opaque vs. translucent wavelength-routed optical networks (2003)

This study evaluates the relative merits of three approaches (transparency, opacity, and translucency) for establishing calls in a wavelength-routed optical network. Call-admission algorithms employ online bit-error-rate computation and include the effects of transmission impairments.
The Evaluations of 2P-3D Orthogonal RAIDs in Virtual Large-Scale Disks (2012)

Recently, the demand of low cost large scale storages increases. We developed VLSD (Virtual Large Scale Disks) toolkit for constructing virtual disk based distributed storages, which aggregate free spaces of individual disks. However, in order to construct large-scale storage, more than or equal to 3 fault tolerant RAID is important. In the previous work we proposed Mesh RAID that is 3 fault tolerant orthogonal RAID. And, we implemented Mesh RAID using VLSD. Mesh RAID is a hierarchical RAID that shares elemental disks. The structure of hierarchical RAID is tree but the structure of Mesh RAID is DAG(Directed A cyclic Graph). Mesh RAID is not tolerant of only disk fault but also tolerant of string fault. Furthermore, in hierarchical RAID, the larger the number of layers is, the higher the reliability of the system. In Mesh RAID, increasing the layers is equivalent to increasing the dimensions. In the previous work, we proposed and implemented MeshRAID3D and MeshRAID2P. MeshRAID3D has 3 layers of elementary RAID. In MeshRAID2P, each elementary RAID has 2 parities and realizes 2FT. So, we consider 2P-3D Mesh RAID(MeshRAID3D2P), which is combined with MeshRAID2P and MeshRAID3D. Theoretically, MeshRAID3D2P achieves 26FT. In this paper, we describe MeshRAID3D2P in detail and prove whether it is really 26FT or not.