gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From multiple views to object recognition (1987)

A computational method is presented for recovering 3-D shapes by exploiting multiple views of an object. The method provides a volumetric representation of the object starting from the occluding contours, i.e., the contours which separate the object image from the background. A detailed description of the geometrical transformations applied to build the volumetric representation of objects from multiple occluding contours of real images is reported. The only input parameters necessary are the orientation of the TV cameras used. The volumetric representation obtained is recognized by matching it with a library of models. Object recognition is performed in two steps. In the first step, some 3-D global structure parameters are used. If these are not sufficient to unambiguously recognize the object, in the second step the candidates chosen among the models are projected into the image planes of the TV cameras, and some 2-D features are used to perform the recognition, The models can be built either by means of a CAD technique or via the same method used to reconstruct the volumetric representation of the object.
Intracytoplasmic injection of spermatids retrieved from testicular tissue: influence of testicular pathology, type of selected spermatids and oocyte activation (1997)

Spermatid microinjection into oocytes has proven to be a successful assisted reproduction procedure in the animal model and in the human species, since in the latter a few full-term pregnancies were actually obtained. Patients entering our spermatid injection study included those with a total absence of spermatozoa in the testicular tissue notwithstanding previous positive biopsies (n = 29): an obstructive problem (n = 3), secretory azoospermia (n = 26), and those with total arrest at the spermatogenesis level in previous explorative biopsies (n = 15). In the latter group, absence of spermatids was recorded in four cases. Mature, elongated, elongating and round spermatids (ROS) were injected in respectively 3, 2, 3, and 32 attempts. A total of 260 metaphase II oocytes were injected with ROS, 36 oocytes with spermatids at other stages of maturity. The rates of oocytes showing two pronuclei (2PN) and two polar bodies reached 22% and 64% respectively after injection of round or elongated-mature spermatids. The fertilization rate after ROS injection was influenced by the percentage of spermatozoa observed in a previous biopsy. Patients with a positive preliminary biopsy had significantly more 2PN (33%) when compared to those with a severe spermatogenic dysfunction and in whom no spermatozoa were found (only 11%) (P < 0.05). Incubation of oocytes in calcium ionophore after ROS injection had a positive effect on the rate of 2PN formation (36 versus 16%). Ninety per cent of all the normally fertilized oocytes cleaved. The percentage of grade A and B embryos depended on the type of injected cells: 12% after ROS and 30% with the other types of haploid cells. A total of 39 transfers resulted in five pregnancies: three full term with healthy babies delivered (one after ROS injection, and two after injection of an elongating and a mature spermatid), one 4 months ongoing (after elongating spermatid injection) and one miscarriage at 4 weeks (after elongated cell injection). Compared to our conventional intracytoplasmic sperm injection-testicular sperm extraction (ICSI-TESE) programme, the implantation rate after ROS injection was very low (5.5 versus 10.5%).
Intermetallic Phases - Materials Developments and Prospects / Intermetallische Phasen - Werkstoffentwicklungen und Aussichten (1989)

Article Intermetallic Phases - Materials Developments and Prospects / Intermetallische Phasen - Werkstoffentwicklungen und Aussichten was published on May 1, 1989 in the journal International Journal of Materials Research (volume 80, issue 5).
International Observatory on Mental Health Systems: a mental health research and development network (2009)

The International Observatory on Mental Health Systems will be a mental health research and development network that will monitor and evaluate mental health system performance in low and middle-income countries.
A comparison of the bromination dynamics of pitch-based and vapor-grown graphite fibers (1986)

Antibody charge variants have gained considerable attention in the biotechnology industry due to their potential influence on stability and biological activity. Subtle differences in the relative proportions of charge variants are often observed during routine biomanufacture or process changes and pose a challenge to demonstrating product comparability. To gain further insights into the impact on biological activity and pharmacokinetics (PK) of monoclonal antibody (mAb) charge heterogeneity, we isolated the major charge forms of a recombinant humanized IgG1 and compared their in vitro properties and in vivo PK. The mAb starting material had a pI range of 8.7-9.1 and was composed of about 20% acidic variants, 12% basic variants, and 68% main peak. Cation exchange displacement chromatography was used to isolate the acidic, basic, and main peak fractions for animal studies. Detailed analyses were performed on the isolated fractions to identify specific chemical modification contributing to the charge differences, and were also characterized for purity and in vitro potency prior to being administered either subcutaneously (SC) or intravenously (IV) in rats. All isolated materials had similar potency and rat FcRn binding relative to the starting material. Following IV or SC administration (10 mg/kg) in rats, no difference in serum PK was observed, indicating that physiochemical modifications and pI differences among charge variants were not sufficient to result in PK changes. Thus, these results provided meaningful information for the comparative evaluation of charge-related heterogeneity of mAbs, and suggested that charge variants of IgGs do not affect the in vitro potency, FcRn binding affinity, or the PK properties in rats.
Song From PI: A Musically Plausible Network for Pop Music Generation (2016)

We present a novel framework for generating pop music. Our model is a hierarchical Recurrent Neural Network, where the layers and the structure of the hierarchy encode our prior knowledge about how pop music is composed. In particular, the bottom layers generate the melody, while the higher levels produce the drums and chords. We conduct several human studies that show strong preference of our generated music over that produced by the recent method by Google. We additionally show two applications of our framework: neural dancing and karaoke, as well as neural story singing.
Intercloud Security Considerations (2010)

Cloud computing is a new design pattern for large, distributed data centers. Service providers offering applications including search, email, and social networks have pioneered this specific to their application. Recently they have expanded offerings to include compute-related capabilities such as virtual machines, storage, and complete operating system services. The cloud computing design yields breakthroughs in geographical distribution, resource utilization efficiency, and infrastructure automation. These “public clouds” have been replicated by IT vendors for corporations to build “private clouds” of their own. Public and private clouds offer their end consumers a “pay as you go” model - a powerful shift for computing, towards a utility model like the electricity system, the telephone system, or more recently the Internet. However, unlike those utilities, clouds cannot yet federate and interoperate. Such federation is called the “Intercloud”. Building the Intercloud is more than technical protocols. Ablueprint for an Intercloud economy must bearchitected with a technically sound foundation and topology. As part of the overall Intercloud Topology, this paper builds on the technology foundation emerging for the Intercloud and specifically delves into details of Intercloud security considerations such as Trust Model, Identity and Access Management, governance considerations and so on.
Detecting social network profile cloning (2011)

Social networking is one of the most popular Internet activities, with millions of users from around the world. The time spent on sites like Facebook or LinkedIn is constantly increasing at an impressive rate. At the same time, users populate their online profile with a plethora of information that aims at providing a complete and accurate representation of themselves. Attackers may duplicate a user's online presence in the same or across different social networks and, therefore, fool other users into forming trusting social relations with the fake profile. By abusing that implicit trust transferred from the concept of relations in the physical world, they can launch phishing attacks, harvest sensitive user information, or cause unfavorable repercussions to the legitimate profile's owner. In this paper we propose a methodology for detecting social network profile cloning. We present the architectural design and implementation details of a prototype system that can be employed by users to investigate whether they have fallen victims to such an attack. Our experimental results from the use of this prototype system prove its efficiency and also demonstrate its simplicity in terms of deployment by everyday users. Finally, we present the findings from a short study in terms of profile information exposed by social network users.
Production of oligosaccharide‐binding monoclonal antibodies of diverse specificities by immunization with purified tumor‐associated glycolipids inserted into liposomes with lipid A (1986)

Two species of neutral glycosphingolipids purified from rat colon carcinoma tissue, isoglobotetraosylceramide [GalNAc(beta 1----3)Gal(alpha 1----3)Gal(beta 1----3)Glc(beta 1----1)Cer] and a related 6-sugar "analogue" were inserted into liposomes together with lipid A (from bacterial lipopolysaccharide) and used for immunization of mice and monoclonal antibody production. The yield of hybridomas producing glycolipid-specific antibody was 5-10% using a high-dose booster schedule with liposome-inserted glycolipid. In contrast the frequency was below 0.1% (no glycolipid-binding antibodies were found) when using the previously described method of immunizing with glycolipid coated on the surface of acid-treated S. minnesota. Monoclonal antibodies were screened on the purified glycolipids used for immunization and selected for differential reactivity to the two glycolipids. A diversity of specificities was demonstrated by binding to the purified antigens, in a thin-layer chromatogram binding assay and in binding tests to tumor and normal target cells.
Inactivation of human plasma kallikrein and factor XIa by protein C inhibitor (1988)

The inhibition of kallikrein and factor XIa by protein C inhibitor (PCI) was studied. The method of Suzuki et al. [Suzuki, K., Nishioka, J., & Hashimoto, S. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 163-168] for the purification of PCI was modified in order to avoid the generation of proteolytic activity and subsequent inactivation of PCI. With the use of soybean trypsin inhibitor, an efficient inhibitor of kallikrein and factor XIa, the generation of proteolytic activity was avoided. The kinetics for the inactivation of activated protein C (APC), kallikrein, and factor XIa by PCI were determined. In the absence of heparin, no inactivation of APC was observed, in contrast to kallikrein and factor XIa, which are inhibited with second-order rate constants of (11 +/- 4) X 10(4) and (0.94 +/- 0.07) X 10(4) M-1 s-1, respectively. Addition of heparin potentiated the inhibition of APC [(1.2 +/- 0.2) X 10(4) M-1 s-1] and factor XIa [(9.1 +/- 0.7) X 10(4) M-1 s-1] by PCI, whereas the inhibition of kallikrein by PCI was unchanged [(10 +/- 1) X 10(4) M-1 s-1]. The second-order rate constants for the inhibition of kallikrein or factor XIa by PCI were similar to the second-order rate constants for the inhibition of their isolated light chains by PCI, indicating a minor role for the heavy chains of both molecules in the inactivation reactions. With sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting, complex formation of APC, kallikrein, and factor XIa with PCI could be demonstrated. APC and kallikrein formed 1:1 molar complexes with PCI.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Optically activated integrated optic Mach–Zehnder interferometer on GaAs (1991)

An optically activated guided-wave Mach–Zehnder interferometer has been constructed and used to study photoinduced phase modulation in GaAs channel waveguides. A π radian phase shift at the optical wavelength of 1.15 μm has been achieved with modulating pulse energy of 320 pJ at an interaction length of 22 μm. Our experiment also indicates that for infrared (IR) light with photon energy far below the band-gap energy of the semiconductor material, the free carrier-induced refractive index changes are much more significant than the free carrier-induced absorption changes.
Electrostatic Droplet Generation for Encapsulat ion of Somatic Tissue: Assessment of High‐Voltage Power Supply (1997)

Abstract The production of alginate microbeads with and without somatic tissue was investigated using an electrostatic droplet generator with a custom‐made fixed (5.7 kV) and variable (0–20 kV) high‐voltage power supply. The effects of applied potential, needle size, and alginate concentration were assessed as well as the immobilization of carnation callus cells. The high‐voltage output from the power supply depended on whether the low‐voltage input was increasing or decreasing. This hysteresis effect may be due to the electrical properties of the oscillator in the high‐voltage source. While a short electrode distance and a high needle gauge were important for producing small alginate bead diameters (e.g., 100 μm), alginate concentration in the range 1–3% (w/v) was not a key factor. Somatic tissue encapsulated using 2% sodium alginate retained viability over a 2‐month culture period.
Novel Enhanced Stressor with Graded Embedded SiGe Source/Drain for High Performance CMOS Devices (2006)

We present an advanced CMOS integration scheme based on embedded SiGe (eSiGe) with a novel graded germanium process. The retention of channel strain enabled a pFET performance gain of 15% over a non-graded eSiGe control. When combined with a compressive stress liner (CSL), the pFET drive current reached 770muA/mum at I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> = 100nA/mum with V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> = 1V. Competitive nFET performance was maintained. Parasitics such as silicide and junction characteristics were not degraded
Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a CONSTANS homologue, PnCOL1, from Pharbitis nil (2003)

The Arabidopsis CONSTANS (CO) gene is a key regulator of the long day (LD)-dependent flowering pathway and two CO homologous genes COL1 and COL2 are involved in the regulation of the circadian rhythm. In order to understand the role of CO and COL in short-day plants, a CO homologue, PnCOL1, was isolated and characterized from Japanese morning glory (Pharbitis nil). The deduced PnCOL1 protein of 386 amino acid residues contained two putative zinc finger motifs at the N-terminal region and a conserved CCT domain at the C-terminal region. The deduced amino acid sequence of PnCOL1 was 34% identical to that of PnCO, but 32%, 34%, and 34% identical to those of CO, COL1, and COL2, respectively. Expression of PnCOL1 was barely detected in the cotyledons of plants grown under continuous light (CL), but highly expressed in the cotyledons of plants grown under SD. Expression of PnCOL1 showed a pattern of circadian rhythm as well as daily oscillation. The overexpression of PnCOL1 by a 35S promoter did not overcome the late-flowering phenotype of Arabidopsis co mutants. The results provided in this study suggest that PnCOL1 may have a role in the circadian rhythm in Pharbitis nil.
Separation of Concerns: a Web Application Architecture Framework (2005)

Architecture frameworks have been extensively developed and described within the literature. These frameworks typically support and guide organisations during system planning, design, building, deployment and maintenance. Their main pupose is to provide clarity to the different modelling perspectives, abstractions, and domains of consideration within system development. In dpoing so they allow improved clarity with regard to the connections between the different models, and the selection of models tht are most likely to capture salient features of the system. In this paper we present an Architectural Framework which takes into account the specific characteristics of web systems. The framework is based around a two dimensional matrix. One dimension separates the concerns of different participants of the web system into perspectives. The second dimension classifies each perspective into development abstractions: structure (what), behaviour (how), location (where) and pattern. The framework is illustrated through examples from the development of a commercial web application.
Search of objects of interest in videos (2012)

The paper addresses the problem of object search in video content. Both Query-By-Example paradigm and context search are explored. In QBE paradigm the object of interest is searched by matching of object signatures built from SURF descriptors with on-the-fly computed signatures in frames. The ”context” search is understood as a query on the whole frame with features extracted after a region-based segmentation. Both kinds of features are transcribed in Bag-Of-Words framework. The combination of Bag-of-Visual-Words and Bag-of-Region-Words gives promising results in TRECVID'2011 Instance Search Task.
Shadow representation of image-based objects in virtual space (2002)

In this paper we propose a new method of shadowing in image based rendering (IBR). A model-based rendering is the principal method of computer graphics (CG). It needs a perspective transform or light source from three-dimensional models. On the other hand, the method called IBR generates images from multiple real images. It can easily represent objects that are very complex or vague form. And it is less costly for IBR to calculate than such a ray tracing. In this paper, we focus the representation of a shadow that is a weak point in the IBR. Images under arbitrary position of light source can be interpolated from multiple light source images. Moreover, we can synthesize the IBR image to a virtual space and apply to arbitrary view point of IBR object with shadowing. Our shadowing method uses shadow image extracted from a real scene, so it can represent transparent objects.
Microglia in Alzheimer’s disease (2017)

Proliferation and activation of microglia in the brain, concentrated around amyloid plaques, is a prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Human genetics data point to a key role for microglia in the pathogenesis of AD. The majority of risk genes for AD are highly expressed (and many are selectively expressed) by microglia in the brain. There is mounting evidence that microglia protect against the incidence of AD, as impaired microglial activities and altered microglial responses to β-amyloid are associated with increased AD risk. On the other hand, there is also abundant evidence that activated microglia can be harmful to neurons. Microglia can mediate synapse loss by engulfment of synapses, likely via a complement-dependent mechanism; they can also exacerbate tau pathology and secrete inflammatory factors that can injure neurons directly or via activation of neurotoxic astrocytes. Gene expression profiles indicate multiple states of microglial activation in neurodegenerative disease settings, which might explain the disparate roles of microglia in the development and progression of AD pathology.
Structure and biological activity of botulinum neurotoxin (1990)

Botulinum neurotoxin appears to undergo structural alterations after synthesis and also before it inhibits neurotransmitter release. Discussions and conjectures are presented in this context: 1. At what sites on the 150 kDa neurotoxin does posttranslational proteolytic processing occur? 2. Does neurotransmitter inhibition depend on separation of a segment of the neurotoxin from the rest of the molecule? 3. At what step in the intoxication pathway does activation of neurotoxin (enhanced lethality following limited proteolysis) manifest? 4. Can the receptor binding parameters (based on bovine brain synaptosome and lipid membrane), channel forming property (lipid bilayer membrane) and intracellular inhibitory activity (based on permeabilized chromaffin and PC 12 cells) provide clues to differences in the lethal potency between the neurotoxin serotypes? In addition, the following issues are considered: 5. The spontaneous fragmentation of isolated 50 kDa light chain, after its separation from 100 kDa heavy chain, 6. Effect of specific chemical modification of Arg, His, Lys, Trp, Tyr and Asp/Glu residues of types A, B and E neurotoxins on lethality and antigenicity, and 7. Development of second generation toxoids.
High-speed optical waveguide switches (1984)

We shall review the operating principles, design, and demonstrated capabilities (50-psec switching time) of optical waveguide switches. Potential uses in broadband signal processing will be discussed. (Invited paper, 25 min)
Electro-optical response of a thin layer of a ferroelectric liquid crystal with a small pitch and high spontaneous polarization (1988)

Abstract The electro-optical response was investigated of thin cells (d = 3-7;μ) with a ferroelectric liquid crystal having a rather high value of the spontaneous polarisation (P = 50-70 nC cm−2) and a small helical pitch (p =S0.3-0.5μ). Initially the optical axis of the helical structure coincides with the helical axis. An external field causes a linear electro-optical effect which results in switching the optical axis by an angle <Θ> proportional to the field. This switching takes time about 200-300μS at voltages of the order of tenths of volt. A novel effect is described which is due to the averaging of the optical indicatrix over time when an alternating voltage of a rather high frequency (hundreeds of herz) is applied to a cell.
Binary tree layouts with adequate I/O support (2002)

The binary tree-based parallel system is suitable for VLSI/WSI implementation due to its simple and regular interconnection pattern among processors. The support of adequate I/O bandwidth in a large parallel system is essential because, otherwise, the system speed gets limited eventually by the I/O operations. In a tree-based system, I/O operations are efficiently carried out through the root and the leaf nodes. A way is presented to systematically generate a tree layout with a sufficient number of leaf nodes on the boundary to support required I/O bandwidth, while maintaining a low area increase and moderate growth in maximum link length. This technique is particularly useful for large-sized binary tree layouts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>