gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dominant role of grain boundary scattering in the resistivity of nanometric Cu films (2009)

The dominant role of grain boundary scattering in the low-temperature resistivity of both ${\text{SiO}}_{2}$ and $\text{Ta}/{\text{SiO}}_{2}$ encapsulated Cu thin films is demonstrated by the experimental variation and quantification of film thickness, roughness, and grain size. The independent variation in film thickness (28--158 nm) and grain size (35--466 nm) is achieved through subambient temperature film deposition followed by annealing. Experimentally measured film resistivities are compared with both surface scattering and grain boundary scattering models for the classical size effect, showing the dominance of the latter.
Fiber optic confocal reflectance microscopy: a new real-time technique to view nuclear morphology in cervical squamous epithelium in vivo (2003)

We present a fiber optic confocal reflectance microscope (FCRM) which can be used to image epithelial tissue with sub-cellular resolution in vivo. Confocal images of normal and abnormal appearing cervical tissue were obtained in vivo from eighteen patients undergoing colposcopic examination of the cervix; biopsy specimens were taken from imaged sites. The measured lateral and axial resolutions of the system were 1.6 microm and 3 microm, respectively. Morphologic features, including nuclear size and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, were extracted from confocal images obtained at various depths beneath the epithelial surface. Image features extracted from confocal images compared well with features extracted from confocal images obtained in vitro and from previous histopathologic studies. This study shows that fiber optic confocal reflectance microscopy can be used to visualize the morphology of cervical epithelium in vivo.
Sensitivity of Three Selected Bacterial Species to Ozone (1973)

THE MINIMAL LETHAL CONCENTRATION OF OZONE IN WATER WAS DETERMINED FOR THREE BACTERIAL SPECIES: Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus megaterium. A contact period of 5 min was selected. The lethal threshold concentration for the cells of B. cereus was 0.12 mg/liter while that for E. coli and B. megaterium was 0.19 mg/liter. Low concentrations of ozone were ineffective when organic matter was present to interfere with the action of ozone on the bacterial cells. Also determined during the study was the sensitivity of spores of B. cereus and B. megaterium to ozone in water. The threshold concentration required to kill the spores of both species was 2.29 mg/liter. The cells and spores of these organisms exhibited the "all-or-none" die-away phenomenon normally associated with ozone treatment.
Passive screening of switched magnetic field gradients (1986)

In NMR imaging the rapid switching of magnetic field gradients can induce currents in surrounding conductors, thus creating undesirable reflected fields which are spatially and temporally inhomogeneous. For certain types of gradient switching it is possible to screen the magnetic fields completely, using a thick cylindrical conductor, within which the gradient uniformity may be re-established using simple changes in coil separations. Details are presented for the analytic treatment of this problem, with results for the cases of the Maxwell pair, a modified Maxwell pair and saddle coils. These results are also applicable when active screening is used.
A self-resonant frequency-modulated micromachined passive pressure transensor (2003)

We report on the design, fabrication, and test of a passive pressure transensor. The sensor uses the self-resonant frequency modulation of an integrated coil to detect the pressure variations. This modulation is generated by the relative displacement of a ferrite core attached to a silicone rubber membrane. This scheme simplifies the packaging of the passive transensor by removing the requirement for a separate capacitor to form the resonator. A 30-turn 1.7-μH coil having dimensions of 3×3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is used in a prototype design yielding a sensitivity of 9.6 kHz/kPa with a cylindrical ferrite core of 0.95-mm diameter and 0.5-mm height. We also present a theoretical model of the sensor that shows good agreement with the experimental data. This model can be a useful tool for further optimization of the senors.
Structure-activity study of the inhibition of microtubule assembly in vitro by podophyllotoxin and its congeners. (1978)

We obtain lower bounds for the size of a double blocking set in the Desarguesian projective planePG(2,q). These bounds are best possible forq&lt;11 and in the caseqis a square. With the same technique we also exclude certain values for the size of an ordinary minimal blocking set.
Influence of electric voltage bias on converse magnetoelectric coefficient in piezofiber/Metglas bilayer laminate composites (2009)

Experimental data on a piezofiber/Metglas bilayer composite subjected to both a dc electric voltage bias and a dc magnetic field bias while exciting it with an ac electric driving voltage are presented. As reported in previous studies, a dc magnetic field bias exists to maximize the converse magnetoelectric coefficient. Experimental data show that the optimum dc magnetic field bias is a function of applied dc electric voltage. Furthermore, it is revealed that an optimum dc electric voltage bias exists to further maximize the converse magnetoelectric coefficient.
Antitumor activity of shikonin and its derivatives. (1977)

Shikonin, a naphthoquinone contained in the root of Lithospermum officinalis var. erythrorhizon MAX. and Macrotomia euchroma (ROYLE) PAULS (Boraginaceae), showed a high antitumor activity against the ascites cells of Sarcoma 180. Shikonin completely inhibited the tumor growth at a dose of 5-10 (mg/kg/day). At a higher dose (>15 mg/kg/day) shikonin showed'toxicity, whereas at a lower dose (1 mg/kg/day) it was inactive. Four shikonin derivatives and the chromatographic fractions of the plant extracts were also tested and they showed similar antitumor activities against S-180.
UBS-Urteil: "Wirtschaftlich Berechtigter" ist nicht gleich wirtschaftlich Berechtigter: zum Urteil des Bundesverwaltungsgerichtes vom 5. März 2009 i.S. Abgabebetrug der Kunden der UBS (FN A-7342/2008 und A-7426/2008 vereinigt) (2009)

Im Nachgang zur Aushändigung von Kundendaten der UBS an die Steuerbehörden der USA schrieb das Bundesverwaltungsgericht in einem Entscheid zwei vereinigte Verfahren zufolge Gegenstandslosigkeit ab, vertrat in Erwägungen zur Sache jedoch die Auffassung, dass in den beiden beurteilten Fällen ein hinreichender Verdacht auf Abgabebetrug bestehe. Der folgende Beitrag befasst sich mit banken- und gesellschaftsrechtlichen Aspekten des Urteils, insbesondere mit der Frage der «wirtschaftlichen Berechtigung».
Botnet Behavior Detection using Network Synchronism (2011)

Botnets’ diversity and dynamism challenge detection and classification algorithms depend heavily on static or protocol-dependant features. Several methods showing promising results were proposed using behavioral-based approaches. The authors conducted an analysis of botnets’ and bots’ most inherent characteristics such as synchronism and network load within specific time windows to detect them more efficiently. By not relying on any specific protocol, our proposed approach detects infected computers by clustering bots’ network behavioral characteristics using the Expectation-Maximization algorithm. An encouraging false positive error rate of 0.7% shows that bots’ traffic can be accurately separated by our approach by analyzing several bots and non-botnet network captures and applying a detailed analysis of error rates.
[Disorders of immune response in patients with chronic pancreatitis]. (2008)

The growth of the number of chronic pancreatitis cases and also the frequency of complications make necessary the in-depth studying of the given disease. However, the questions of the change in local and systemic (general) immunity at patients with chronic pancreatitis remain still not investigated. We examined 70 patients with chronic pancreatitis during exacerbation and remission periods of the disease. The status of local immunity at the level of duodenum was examined as follows: we carried out the immunomorphometric analysis of cells of the proper tunic layer of the mucous membrane of duodenum and the analysis of the level of secretory IgA in duodenal aspirate. In order to examine the humoral immunity we determined the level of immunoglobulin of blood serum. For definition of bacterial overcontamination of small intestine the hydrogen breath test was carried out. The available data of comparative analysis state the decrease in parameters of the local immune response. We revealed the lowering of the level of secretory IgA in duodenal aspirate, the reduction in the number of mast cells, including their degranulated forms, in biopsy material of the mucous membrane of duodenum during the remission period of the chronic pancreatitis. However, no tendency to the change of the level of immunoglobulin in the blood serum was revealed. We can state the overcontamination of small intestine at more than a half of the examined patients.
BER Reduction of OFDM Based Broadband Communication Systems over Multipath Channels with Impulsive Noise (2013)

This paper presents an efficient technique to jointly mitigate the severe bit error rate (BER) performance degradation caused by impulsive noise (IN) and multipath fading in broadband transmission systems. The proposed system is based on a low complexity interleaving process applied after the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, hence it is denoted as time-domain interleaving (TDI). The proposed TDI introduces both time and frequency diversity, which can be used to effectively combat impairments such as IN and frequency-selective fading. In addition to its substantial BER reduction capability, the TDI does not degrade the spectral efficiency and has low computational complexity. In frequency-selective fading channels, the BER of the proposed system is mathematically equal to that of Walsh-Hadamard precoded OFDM systems [1]. In presence of IN, analytical and simulation results show that TDI can remarkably reduce the level of the error floors that are commonly observed. Specifically, TDI can achieve a BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> for less than 1 dB difference from the IN-free case.
Evaluation of Small Amounts of Synthetic Rubber (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of Small Amounts of Synthetic RubberB. S. Garvey Jr.Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1942, 34, 11, 1320–1323Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50395a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50395a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
P/sup 5/ : a protocol for scalable anonymous communication (2005)

We present a protocol for anonymous communication over the Internet. Our protocol, called P/sup 5/ (peer-to-peer personal privacy protocol) provides sender-, receiver-, and sender-receiver anonymity. P/sup 5/ is designed to be implemented over current Internet protocols, and does not require any special infrastructure support. A novel feature of P/sup 5/ is that it allows individual participants to trade-off degree of anonymity for communication efficiency, and hence can be used to scalably implement large anonymous groups. We present a description of P/sup 5/, an analysis of its anonymity and communication efficiency, and evaluate its performance using detailed packet-level simulations.
Specifications for the Network Voice Protocol (1976)

Abstract : The Network Voice Protocol (NVP) described in this report was developed by the Network Secure Communications group at ISI at the host-to-host protocol level, since the 'regular' host-to-host protocol was found unsuitable for real-time network voice communication. The report describes in detail the control and data components of the protocol. Appendix 1 defines associated tables, and Appendix 2 presents some implementation recommendations.
Use of Dopamine Agonists in Cardiovascular Medicine (1988)

Intravenous DA infusion is perhaps the major pharmacological intervention in use in the management of cardiovascular disorders in Intensive Care Units. For this therapeutic advance, clinicians owe a debt of gratitude to Goldberg and his colleagues (McDonald et al., 1964; Goldberg, 1972, 1974). Yet the cardiovascular actions of DA are complex and dose-related. The effects of DA reflect the sum of many distinct and even directionally opposite cardiovascular responses to the actions of DA on a variety of different catecholamine receptors (Goldberg, 1972; Goldberg et al., 1978; Goldberg and Kohli 1979, 1983).
Discriminative and Distinct Phenotyping by Constrained Tensor Factorization (2017)

Adoption of Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems has led to collection of massive healthcare data, which creates oppor- tunities and challenges to study them. Computational phenotyping offers a promising way to convert the sparse and complex data into meaningful concepts that are interpretable to healthcare givers to make use of them. We propose a novel su- pervised nonnegative tensor factorization methodology that derives discriminative and distinct phenotypes. We represented co-occurrence of diagnoses and prescriptions in EHRs as a third-order tensor, and decomposed it using the CP algorithm. We evaluated discriminative power of our models with an Intensive Care Unit database (MIMIC-III) and demonstrated superior performance than state-of-the-art ICU mortality calculators (e.g., APACHE II, SAPS II). Example of the resulted phenotypes are sepsis with acute kidney injury, cardiac surgery, anemia, respiratory failure, heart failure, cardiac arrest, metastatic cancer (requiring ICU), end-stage dementia (requiring ICU and transitioned to comfort-care), intraabdominal conditions, and alcohol abuse/withdrawal.
Leukocyte rheology in recent stroke. (1987)

Eighteen patients with recent ischemic stroke were compared with an equal number of matched controls. Standardized suspensions of red cells as well as of red and white cells were filtered in a new filtration apparatus capable of discriminating between cell deformability and filter occlusion. Results show that red cell deformability, although slightly lower than in controls, is not significantly altered in stroke patients. Filter occlusion, however, was significantly higher in patients when red and white cell suspensions were filtered, but not when red cell suspensions were used, suggesting that white cell filterability is impaired after stroke, which could be due to decreased deformability and/or increased adhesiveness of leukocytes. Slowed white cell passage may also occur in the living microcirculation and may present an obstacle to nutritive flow in exchange vessels, possibly contributing to local ischemia and tissue necrosis after stroke.
Formylation and bromination ortho to the hydroxy-group of 2-carbonylsubstituted phenols in the presence of titanium(VI)chloride (1973)

Formylation with dichloromethyl methyl either and titanium(IV)chloride in dichloromethane, and bromination with bromine and titanium(IV)chloride in dichloromethane, of methyl 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate(16), methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoate(17), ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methylbenzoate(21), methylbenzoate(24), and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxyacetophenone (25) produce appreciable amounts of 3-substituted products. This selective substitution in the position ortho to the hydroxy-group is discussed in terms of a six-membered ring titanium complex.
CTLA-4 is required for the induction of high dose oral tolerance (1998)

Mucosal and systemic administrations of high dose antigens induce long-lasting peripheral T cell tolerance. We and others have shown that high dose peripheral T cell tolerance is mediated by anergy or deletion and is preceded by T cell activation. Co-stimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80)/B7-2 (CD86) and their counter-receptors CD28/CTLA-4 play pivotal roles in T cell activation and immune regulation. In the present study, we examined the roles of the B7 co-stimulation pathway in the generation of high dose peripheral T cell tolerance. We found that blocking B7:CD28/CTLA-4 interaction at the time of tolerance induction partially prevented T cell tolerance, whereas selective blockade of B7:CTLA-4 interaction completely abrogated peripheral T cell tolerance induced by either oral or i.p. antigens. These results suggest that CTLA-4-mediated feedback regulation plays a crucial role in the induction of high dose peripheral T cell tolerance.
Current Progress in computational metabolomics (2007)

Being a relatively new addition to the 'omics' field, metabolomics is still evolving its own computational infrastructure and assessing its own computational needs. Due to its strong emphasis on chemical information and because of the importance of linking that chemical data to biological consequences, metabolomics must combine elements of traditional bioinformatics with traditional cheminformatics. This is a significant challenge as these two fields have evolved quite separately and require very different computational tools and skill sets. This review is intended to familiarize readers with the field of metabolomics and to outline the needs, the challenges and the recent progress being made in four areas of computational metabolomics: (i) metabolomics databases; (ii) metabolomics LIMS; (iii) spectral analysis tools for metabolomics and (iv) metabolic modeling.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Mutations during the First Month of Infection Are Preferentially Found in Known Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes (2005)

The full protein coding region of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genomes were sequenced using plasma collected from nine African-Americans prior to seroconversion and 7 to 28 days later. HIV mutations emerged in seven of these subjects at a genomewide rate of 2% per year. The location of nonsynonymous (NS) HIV mutations within these subjects was compared to their potential HLA-A and B types restricted CTL epitopes reported in the Los Alamos National Laboratory HIV immunology database. A statistically significant (P < 0.005) number of the early NS mutations (13.5%) were found within previously reported CTL epitopes. A virus sequencing and reported CTL epitopes database analysis therefore support a model where a significant proportion of very early nonsynonymous HIV mutations are selected by CTL.
Consensus guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency (2017)

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADCD) is a rare, autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder that leads to a severe combined deficiency of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine. Onset is early in life, and key clinical symptoms are hypotonia, movement disorders (oculogyric crisis, dystonia, and hypokinesia), developmental delay, and autonomic symptoms.In this consensus guideline, representatives of the International Working Group on Neurotransmitter Related Disorders (iNTD) and patient representatives evaluated all available evidence for diagnosis and treatment of AADCD and made recommendations using SIGN and GRADE methodology. In the face of limited definitive evidence, we constructed practical recommendations on clinical diagnosis, laboratory diagnosis, imaging and electroencephalograpy, medical treatments and non-medical treatments. Furthermore, we identified topics for further research. We believe this guideline will improve the care for AADCD patients around the world whilst promoting general awareness of this rare disease.
The crystal structure of pyruvate decarboxylase from <i>Kluyveromyces lactis</i> (2006)

The crystal structure of pyruvate decarboxylase from Kluyveromyces lactis has been determined to 2.26 A resolution. Like other yeast enzymes, Kluyveromyces lactis pyruvate decarboxylase is subject to allosteric substrate activation. Binding of substrate at a regulatory site induces catalytic activity. This process is accompanied by conformational changes and subunit rearrangements. In the nonactivated form of the corresponding enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, all active sites are solvent accessible due to the high flexibility of loop regions 106-113 and 292-301. The binding of the activator pyruvamide arrests these loops. Consequently, two of four active sites become closed. In Kluyveromyces lactis pyruvate decarboxylase, this half-side closed tetramer is present even without any activator. However, one of the loops (residues 105-113), which are flexible in nonactivated Saccharomyces cerevisiae pyruvate decarboxylase, remains flexible. Even though the tetramer assemblies of both enzyme species are different in the absence of activating agents, their substrate activation kinetics are similar. This implies an equilibrium between the open and the half-side closed state of yeast pyruvate decarboxylase tetramers. The completely open enzyme state is favoured for Saccharomyces cerevisiae pyruvate decarboxylase, whereas the half-side closed form is predominant for Kluyveromyces lactis pyruvate decarboxylase. Consequently, the structuring of the flexible loop region 105-113 seems to be the crucial step during the substrate activation process of Kluyveromyces lactis pyruvate decarboxylase.
A terahertz micromachined on-wafer probe for WR-1.2 waveguide (2012)

A micromachined on-wafer probe designed for WR-1.2 rectangular waveguide is demonstrated in this paper to further enable submillimeter-wave integrated circuits testing. Initial measurements of a prototype WR-1.2 micromachined on-wafer probe exhibit an insertion loss better than 9 dB for the lower half of the WR-1.2 band.