gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Yellow Fever Vaccine. V. Antibody Response in Monkeys Inoculated with Graded Doses of the 17D Vaccine (1972)

A dosage equal to or greater than approximately 3.4 Dex (decimal exponent, log(10)) weanling mouse intracerebral 50% lethal dose (LD(50)) was sufficient to elicit a yellow fever antibody response, as determined by the plaque neutralization (PN) test, in better than 90% of vaccinated rhesus monkeys. Lower dosages were progressively less effective in terms of PN titers and the PN and hemagglutination-inhibition serological conversion rates observed. A dose of between 3.4 and 4.2 Dex weanling mouse intracerebral LD(50), or one-tenth to one times the dosage recommended for man, provided an optimal antibody response in monkeys. In rhesus monkeys, in contrast to the findings for man, pre-existing yellow fever antibody did not interfere with the antibody response to yellow fever vaccine. The PN test was felt to be a more sensitive and specific indicator of yellow fever antibody in rhesus monkeys after vaccination than the hemagglutination inhibition or complement fixation tests.
Spray deposited molybdenum doped indium oxide thin films with high near infrared transparency and carrier mobility (2009)

Molybdenum doped (0–1 at. %) indium oxide thin films with high near infrared (NIR) transparency and carrier mobility were deposited on Corning-1737 glass substrates at 400 °C by spray pyrolysis experimental technique. Films with mobility as high as ∼149 cm2/V s were obtained when annealed in vacuum at 550 °C, which also possess carrier concentration of ∼1×1020 cm−3 and resistivity as low as ∼4.0×10−4 Ω cm. Further, both the average visible transmittance (500–800 nm) and the average NIR transmittance are >83%. This clearly shows that the transmittance is extended well into the NIR region.
[Interaction between AM fungi and Rhizobium and effects of flavonoids on it]. (2004)

Study showed that the biomass and nodule number of Astragalus sinicus, AM tungal infection rate, and hyphal enzyme activity of ALP and SDH were significant influenced by Rhizobium, AM fungi and flavonoids. Rh + AMF treatments had obvious differences with control in the biomass and nodule numbers of Astragalus sinicus, AM fungal infection rate and hyphal enzyme activity; and flavonoid treatments had more obvious differences with Rh + AMF treatments and control in these aspects, but no obvious differences were found in different flavonoids (apigenin and hesperitin) or in different concentrations (150 nmol x L(-1) and 1.5 micromol x L(-1)) of the same flavonoid. The results showed that nodule-generation and nitrogen-fixation of Rhizobium and AM fungi infection were obvious promoted by Rhizobium and AM fungi, and this promotion effects were more significant when an appropriate amount of flavonoids was added in the Rh + AMF treatments.
A Countermeasure against Differential Power Analysis based on Random Delay Insertion (2005)

Differential power analysis is widely recognized as an extremely powerful and low-cost technique to extract secret information from cryptographic devices. As a consequence, DPA-countermeasures have been proposed in the technical literature ranging over every abstraction level in an embedded system, from software to transistor-level techniques. In this paper, a novel gate-level countermeasure is proposed which, exploiting the insertion of random delays in the datapath of a cryptographic processor, allows us to randomize not just the instantaneous current consumption profile but also the total charge quantity transferred from the power supply during a clock cycle.
Repertoire of Human Antibodies against the Polysaccharide Capsule of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>Serotype 6B (1999)

We examined the repertoire of antibodies to Streptococcus pneumoniae 6B capsular polysaccharide induced with the conventional polysaccharide vaccine in adults at the molecular level two ways. In the first, we purified from the sera of seven vaccinees antipneumococcal antibodies and determined their amino acid sequences. Their VH regions are mainly the products of VH3 family genes (candidate genes, 3-23, 3-07, 3-66, and 3-74), but the product of a VH1 family gene (candidate gene, 1-03) is occasionally used. All seven individuals have small amounts of polyclonal kappa+ antibodies (Vkappa1 to Vkappa4 families), although kappa+ antibodies are occasionally dominated by antibodies formed with the product of the A27 Vkappa gene. In contrast, lambda+ anti-6B antibodies are dominated by the antibodies derived from one of 3 very similar Vlambda2 family genes (candidate genes, 2c, 2e, and 2a2) and Clambda1 gene product. The Vlambda2(+) antibodies express the 8.12 idiotype, which is expressed on anti-double-stranded-DNA antibodies. In one case, Vlambda is derived from a rarely expressed Vlambda gene, 10a. In the second approach, we studied a human hybridoma (Dob1) producing anti-6B antibody. Its VH region sequence is closely related to those of the 3-15 VH gene (88% nucleotide homology) and JH4 (92% homology). Its VL region is homologous to the 2a2 Vlambda2 gene (91%) and Jlambda1/Clambda1. Taken together, the V region of human anti-6B antibodies is commonly formed by a VH3 and a Vlambda2 family gene product.
Exhaled Breath Analysis for Lung Cancer Detection Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry (2014)

In this prospective study, VOC peak patterns using a decision tree algorithm were useful in the detection of lung cancer. Moreover, n-Dodecane analysis from adenocarcinoma patients might be useful to discriminate the EGFR mutation.
Expression profiles and functional implications of p53-like transcription factors in thymic epithelial cell subtypes (2004)

In this study, we investigated the localization and functional significance of p53 tumor suppressor-like molecules, p63 and p73, in human thymic epithelial cells (TECs). Immunohistochemical studies showed particular distribution profiles of p63 and p73 in thymic epithelium, in which cortical TECs preferentially expressed p63 in their nuclei whereas subcapsular and medullary TECs expressed both p63 and p73 in their nuclei. The wide distribution of p63 in TECs was further suggested by studies using TECs of primary culture. In vitro studies using two human TEC lines demonstrated that p63 was capable of up-regulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and enhancing the production of IL-6 and IL-8. Moreover, in vitro studies also indicated that p73, but not p63, had the capacity to induce granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the TEC lines. These findings suggest that p63 would regulate the cell adhesive property through ICAM-1/LFA-1 interaction and the production of IL-6 and IL-8, probably in all TEC subtypes. p73 in subcapslar and medullary TECs was suggested to play a role in the regulation of the production of GM-CSF and G-CSF, which might stimulate other stromal cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages and endothelial cells around these regions.
Studies on the Permeability Change Produced in Coliform Bacteria by Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (1968)

Ethylenediaminetetraacetate added to washed cells in tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane buffer increases the surface permeability of all coliforms tested, including nine strains of Escherichia coli, one strain of Aerobacter aerogenes, and four species of Salmonella. Although this treatment increases passive permeability, two transport systems tested were unaffected. The permeability change is complete within 15 sec after EDTA addition at both 4° and 37°. Mg++ and metals of greater affinity than Mg++ for EDTA prevent the permeability change; Na+ and K+ do not. Those ions that prevent EDTA action cannot immediately reverse it. As treated cells metabolize, they repair their permeability barrier, restoring it completely in a period equivalent to two-thirds of a doubling time. Tests of the conditions necessary to permit repair suggest that repair requires energy metabolism but does not require protein synthesis, RNA synthesis, or surface mucopeptide synthesis. The results support the hypothesis that EDTA causes the permeability change by binding a metal, probably Mg++, and that the cell surface then undergoes a steric or chemical change that requires energy metabolism for its reversal.
Magnesium Halide-Catalyzed Anti-Aldol Reactions of Chiral <i>N</i>-Acylthiazolidinethiones (2002)

[reaction: see text] Diastereoselective direct aldol reactions of chiral N-acylthiazolidinethiones occur in high yield with preference for the illustrated anti diastereomer. This reaction is catalyzed by 10% MgBr2.OEt2 in the presence of triethylamine and chlorotrimethylsilane. Yields range from 56 to 93% with diastereoselectivity up to 19:1 for a variety of N-acylthiazolidinethiones and unsaturated aldehydes.
Evaluation of executive stock options in continuous and discrete time (2009)

What follows is a treatise on executive stock options (ESOs), employing both theoretical and empirical methods. The title speaks of evaluation, instead of 'plain' valuation, because subjective ESO values depend on the employee's private data including risk aversion, initial wealth, and labor income.\n\nEconomic theory assumes that utility is drawn from consumption, and consumers are impatient. It follows that the decision to exercise or sell ESOs deals with consumption smoothing. Assuming that the ESOs have vested, the option grantee asks: Is it better to sell now and consume the proceeds, or to wait and possibly enjoy higher consumption later on? Obviously, the answer depends (among other things) on individual risk preferences.\n\nESOs are options in the sense that they provide the call option payo¤. However, since the option grantee cannot usually hedge his position, usual arguments leading to risk-neutral valuation are not applicable, suggesting that ESO pricing is different from standard contracts. This claim can be tested, since ESOs are traded in the Helsinki stock exchange.\n\nNow let us consider a generalized Black-Scholes model with (implied) volatility as free parameter. If ESO pricing differs from standard options, it should be seen in their volatilities. It is shown in Market pricing of ESOs that volatilities (i.e. relative prices) of ESOs are lower compared to standard options. Given the prominence of illiquidity and hedging under uncertainty in mathematical finance, we ask if these factors could explain the discount in ESO prices.\n\nIn the case of Nokia ESOs, illiquidity is not the story, since the underlying stock is fiercely traded. However, hedging is complicated by ESOs having longer maturities than standard contracts. The average maturity of ESOs is 3.1 years, compared to few months for liquid standard options. Hence, hedging ESOs by taking opposite position in standard options is subject to volatility risk. Obviously, hedging is also possibly by shorting the stock and using cash account, but this involves frequent trading and hedging error. Nonetheless, volatility risk and hedging error can explain the discount only to an extent. Finally, we conclude that the employees benefit from public trading of ESOs. It allows the employees to receive some time value1, which they would lose if ESOs were not traded and had to be exercised.
A demonstration of hyperspectral image exploitation for military applications (2007)

Defence R&D Canada has been studying the military applications of hyperspectral imagery for a number of years. In other unrelated efforts, the Canadian remote sensing community has also been active in developing hyperspectral algorithms for civilian use. This civilian technology has many potential military applications. In an effort to demonstrate the potential of these defence and civilian technologies to the Canadian Forces, Defence R&D Canada has initiated the Hyperspectral Image Exploitation (HYMEX) Technology Demonstration Project with the collaboration of Canadian industries, academic organizations and other government departments, the project is evaluating and integrating exploitation algorithms into a suite of tools oriented towards the needs of the Canadian Forces. This paper describes the project activities to date and presents some preliminary results.
Hemozoin-generated vapor nanobubbles for transdermal reagent- and needle-free detection of malaria (2013)

Successful diagnosis, screening, and elimination of malaria critically depend on rapid and sensitive detection of this dangerous infection, preferably transdermally and without sophisticated reagents or blood drawing. Such diagnostic methods are not currently available. Here we show that the high optical absorbance and nanosize of endogenous heme nanoparticles called "hemozoin," a unique component of all blood-stage malaria parasites, generates a transient vapor nanobubble around hemozoin in response to a short and safe near-infrared picosecond laser pulse. The acoustic signals of these malaria-specific nanobubbles provided transdermal noninvasive and rapid detection of a malaria infection as low as 0.00034% in animals without using any reagents or drawing blood. These on-demand transient events have no analogs among current malaria markers and probes, can detect and screen malaria in seconds, and can be realized as a compact, easy-to-use, inexpensive, and safe field technology.
Genetic predisposition to salt-sensitivity (2004)

Our analysis shows that the 460Trp variant of the alpha-adducin polymorphism is probably associated with a sodium-sensitive form of hypertension, while the polymorphisms of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene and the -344C/T variant of the aldosterone synthase gene are not associated with this phenotype. In view of the lack of standardization in salt sensitivity testing, we propose uniformity in study design in these type of studies.
Delirium in Elderly Patients and the Risk of Postdischarge Mortality, Institutionalization, and Dementia (2010)

This meta-analysis provides evidence that delirium in elderly patients is associated with poor outcome independent of important confounders, such as age, sex, comorbid illness or illness severity, and baseline dementia.
Stabilization of oscillator phase using a fiber-optic delay-line (2002)

The authors describe an electronic oscillator phase stabilizer based on a fiber-optic delay-line. Excellent agreement between calculated and first experimental results was obtained for this fiber-optic stabilized electronic oscillator (FOSO) at 100 MHz and 7.8 GHz. Expressions are derived for the FOSO phase noise performance and optimum fiber length, based on the noise contributions of the various components. The predicted performance of the FOSO expected with improved system components is also calculated. The FOSO is tunable over an extremely wide frequency range, with phase noise performance rivaling that of good resonant-cavity stabilized oscillators, which are constrained to narrowband operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-conversion polymerization of fluorescence probes. 1. Polymerization of methyl methacrylate (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-conversion polymerization of fluorescence probes. 1. Polymerization of methyl methacrylateRafik O. LoutfyCite this: Macromolecules 1981, 14, 2, 270–275Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma50003a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ma50003a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views512Altmetric-Citations158LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
E-COMMERCE AND FAIR EXCHANGE - The Problem of Item Validation (2011)

Fair exchange protocols have been widely studied since their proposal, but are still not implemented on most e-commerce transactions available. For several types of digital items (e-goods), the current e-commerce business models fail to provide fairness to customers. The item validation problem is a critical step in fair exchange, and is yet to receive the proper attention from researchers. We believe these issues should be addressed in a comprehensive and integrated fashion before fair exchange protocols can be effectively deployed in the marketplace. This is the aim of our research, and drawing attention to these problems and possible solutions is the goal of this paper.
The exoskeletons are here (2009)

It is a fantastic time for the field of robotic exoskeletons. Recent advances in actuators, sensors, materials, batteries, and computer processors have given new hope to creating the exoskeletons of yesteryear's science fiction. While the most common goal of an exoskeleton is to provide superhuman strength or endurance, scientists and engineers around the world are building exoskeletons with a wide range of diverse purposes. Exoskeletons can help patients with neurological disabilities improve their motor performance by providing task specific practice. Exoskeletons can help physiologists better understand how the human body works by providing a novel experimental perturbation. Exoskeletons can even help power mobile phones, music players, and other portable electronic devices by siphoning mechanical work performed during human locomotion. This special thematic series on robotic lower limb exoskeletons and orthoses includes eight papers presenting novel contributions to the field. The collective message of the papers is that robotic exoskeletons will contribute in many ways to the future benefit of humankind, and that future is not that distant.
Runtime power reduction capability of the IBM POWER7+ chip (2013)

Four new energy management features in the POWER7+™ chip enable larger reductions in chip power consumption and further increase energy efficiency of the system during runtime compared with prior POWER7® systems. First, per-core power gating reduces idle power consumption by allowing the system to turn off the voltage to the processor cores when they are not being used. Second, real-time measurement and control of operational guardband allows for higher maximum clock frequency as well as better dynamic voltage selection to reduce power. Third, per-thread utilization counters enable the firmware to sense processor utilization on a finer granularity and set per-core frequency targets with greater accuracy. Finally, a per-core memory access counter allows firmware to more accurately account for power consumption and budget it on a per-processor core basis. These hardware capabilities together enable new EnergyScale™ firmware functions that include voltage optimization to achieve higher turbo frequencies under stressful environmental conditions, automated idle state detection and management, per-core adaptive frequency scaling, and online power modeling for real-time estimation of energy savings.
MACDINE® II (1991)

Diane Crisman Mitchell, M.S., Penn State University, Penn State Nutrition Center, 417 E. Calder Way, University Park, PA 16801–5663.
Engineering Chimeras for Noah's Ark (1984)

Chimeras, or animals containing the tissues of two or more distinct genetic types, have been successfully created from goat-sheep combinations by research teams at the ARC Institute of Animal Physiology in Cambridge, England, and the Justus-Liebig-Universitat in Giessen, West Germany. Dixon describes the methods used in this research and goes on to discuss the future potential for creating true hybrids capable of reproducing themselves, perhaps even involving human-animal combinations.
Developing System Dynamics Models from Causal Loop Diagrams. (2004)

ABSTRACT. In this paper we discuss how a Causal Loop diagram (CLD) can be labeled and structured incrementally in order to finally transform it into a Stock and Flow diagram. A CLD does not contain enough information to describe a model uniquely. Hence the decisions on how to transform the CLD cannot be made automatically; they must be based on information about the modeled system. We describe a general set of possible transformation steps and offer guidance on when to choose which step. Some suggesting simplifications of the general setting will be discussed and illustrated by an example. The main application area of the described interactive algorithm is software development. However, it might also give suggestions on the reorganization of the current system dynamics workflows. 1.
Photocatalytic Metal–Organic Framework from CdS Quantum Dot Incubated Luminescent Metallohydrogel (2014)

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (<10 nm in size) have been successfully synthesized in situ without any capping agent in a Zn(II)-based low-molecular-weight metallohydrogel (ZAVA). Pristine ZAVA hydrogel shows blue luminescence, but the emission can be tuned upon encapsulation of the CdS quantum dots. Time-dependent tunable emission (white to yellow to orange) of the CdS incubated gel (CdS@ZAVA gel) can be attributed to sluggish growth of the quantum dots inside the gel matrix. Once CdS quantum dots are entrapped, their augmentation can be stopped by converting the gel into xerogel, wherein the quantum dots remains embedded in the solid xerogel matrix. Similar size stabilization of CdS quantum dots can be achieved by means of a unique room-temperature conversion of the CdS incubated ZAVA gel to CdS incubated MOF (CdS@ZAVCl) crystals. This in turn arrests the tunability in emission owing to the restriction in the growth of CdS quantum dots inside xerogel and MOF. These CdS embedded MOFs have been utilized as a catalyst for water splitting under visible light.
Strong supervision from weak annotation: Interactive training of deformable part models (2011)

We propose a framework for large scale learning and annotation of structured models. The system interleaves interactive labeling (where the current model is used to semi-automate the labeling of a new example) and online learning (where a newly labeled example is used to update the current model parameters). This framework is scalable to large datasets and complex image models and is shown to have excellent theoretical and practical properties in terms of train time, optimality guarantees, and bounds on the amount of annotation effort per image. We apply this framework to part-based detection, and introduce a novel algorithm for interactive labeling of deformable part models. The labeling tool updates and displays in real-time the maximum likelihood location of all parts as the user clicks and drags the location of one or more parts. We demonstrate that the system can be used to efficiently and robustly train part and pose detectors on the CUB Birds-200-a challenging dataset of birds in unconstrained pose and environment.