gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning textural concepts through multilevel symbolic transformations (2002)

The TEXTRAL system, used for determining structural visual properties of textures through symbolic transformations, is presented. The method consists of two phases: one that extracts information from raw textural images by applying convolutional operators and learns an initial set of rules; and a second that iteratively extracts symbolic information from the transformed representation of initial image and learns another set of rules. The transformed symbolic representation is obtained by applying previously learned rules to a new image location and generating symbolic images based on rule assertions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sublingual immunotherapy: update 2006 (2006)

More new data on sublingual immunotherapy are rapidly appearing in the international literature. These data consistently confirm the value of this treatment and show that sublingual immunotherapy is a viable and useful form of immunotherapy.
ChemInform Abstract: Joziknipholones A and B: The First Dimeric Phenylanthraquinones, from the Roots of Bulbine frutescens. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optical characteristics and reliability evaluation of wafer level white LED package (2012)

In this paper, we describe optical characteristics and reliability of a novel wafer level white LED (light-emitting diode) package. In this package, re-distribution wiring layer and phosphor layer could be formed in a lump by wafer level process. As a result, ultrasmall size package that is almost same size as the chip could be attained. This approach results in drastic reduction in material and process cost. We determined the package structure from the results of the numerical analysis on the thermal cycle resistance of the package after reflow soldering. The sapphire substrate is removed by laser process and the GaN layer exists between phosphor layer and encapsulation resin. Applicative light extraction was achieved by control of GaN surface roughness. In addition, it was confirmed that the package had sufficient reliability in the thermal cycle test (TCT). Consequently, this low cost package could be applicable to LED components and also the cost of them is considered to drastically decrease.
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from free-ranging deer and rabbits surrounding Minnesota dairy herds. (2005)

The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) among deer and rabbits surrounding infected and noninfected Minnesota dairy farms using fecal culture, and to describe the frequency that farm management practices were used that could potentially lead to transmission of infection between these species. Fecal samples from cows and the cow environment were collected from 108 Minnesota dairy herds, and fecal pellets from free-ranging white-tailed deer and eastern cottontail rabbits were collected from locations surrounding 114 farms; all samples were tested using bacterial culture. In addition, a questionnaire was administered to 114 herd owners. Sixty-two percent of the dairy herds had at least 1 positive fecal pool or environmental sample. A total of 218 rabbit samples were collected from 90% of the herds, and 309 deer samples were collected from 47% of the herds. On 2 (4%) of the farms sampled, 1 deer fecal sample was MAP positive. Both farms had samples from the cow fecal pool and cow environment that were positive by culture. On 2 (2%) other farms, 1 rabbit fecal sample was positive by culture to MAP, with one of these farms having positive cow fecal pools and cow environmental samples. Pasture was used on 79% of the study farms as a grazing area for cattle, mainly for dry cows (75%) and bred or prebred heifers (87%). Of the 114 farms, 88 (77%) provided access to drylot for their cattle, mainly for milking cows (77/88; 88%) and bred heifers (87%). Of all study farms, 90 (79%) used some solid manure broadcasting on their crop fields. Of all 114 farms, the estimated probability of daily physical contact between cattle manure and deer or rabbits was 20% and 25%, respectively. Possible contact between cattle manure and deer or rabbits was estimated to occur primarily from March through December. The frequency of pasture or drylot use and manure spreading on crop fields may be important risk factors for transmission of MAP among dairy cattle, deer, and rabbits. Although the MAP prevalence among rabbits and deer is low, their role as MAP reservoirs should be considered.
NEUTRAMS: neural network transformation and co-design under neuromorphic hardware constraints (2016)

With the recent reincarnations of neuromorphic computing comes the promise of a new computing paradigm, with a focus on the design and fabrication of neuromorphic chips. A key challenge in design, however, is that programming such chips is difficult. This paper proposes a systematic methodology with a set of tools to address this challenge. The proposed toolset is called NEUTRAMS (Neural network Transformation, Mapping and Simulation), and includes three key components: a neural network (NN) transformation algorithm, a configurable clock-driven simulator of neuromorphic chips and an optimized runtime tool that maps NNs onto the target hardware for better resource utilization. To address the challenges of hardware constraints on implementing NN models (such as the maximum fan-in/fan-out of a single neuron, limited precision, and various neuron models), the transformation algorithm divides an existing NN into a set of simple network units and retrains each unit iteratively, to transform the original one into its counterpart under such constraints. It can support both spiking neural networks (SNNs) and traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs), including convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). With the combination of these tools, we have explored the hardware/software co-design space of the correlation between network error-rates and hardware constraints and consumptions. Doing so provides insights which can support the design of future neuromorphic architectures. The usefulness of such a toolset has been demonstrated with two different designs: a real Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) neuromorphic chip for both SNNs and ANNs and a processing-in-memory architecture design for ANNs.
Model System for Phenotypic Characterization of Sequence Variations in the LDL Receptor Gene (2006)

This new approach enables phenotypic characterization of sequence variations in the LDLR gene. The assays developed may be valuable for confirming the pathogenicity of novel missense sequence variations found throughout the LDLR gene.
A Simple Approach Using Bouwer and Rice's Method for Slug Test Data Analysis (2004)

Slug test data obtained from tests performed in an unconfined aquifer are commonly analyzed by graphical or numerical approaches to determine the aquifer parameters. This paper derives three fourth-degree polynomials to represent the relationship between Bouwer and Rice's coefficients and the ratio of the screen length to the radius of the gravel envelope. A numerical approach using the nonlinear least squares and Newton's method is used to determine hydraulic conductivity from the best fit of the slug test data. The method of nonlinear least squares minimizes the sum of the squares of the differences between the predicted and observed water levels inside the well. With the polynomials, the hydraulic conductivity can be obtained by simply solving the nonlinear least squares equation by Newton's method. A computer code, SLUGBR, was developed from the derived polynomials using the proposed numerical approach. The results of analyzing two slug test datasets show that SLUGBR can determine hydraulic conductivity with very good accuracy.
Approaches to electronic miniaturization (1995)

Over the past few years, dramatic progress has been made in miniaturizing electronics products. This has been driven by many forces, the chief of which have been increasing integration at the integrated-circuit chip level and competitiveness in the consumer marketplace. This paper examines elements that lead to effective miniaturization, including components, materials, and manufacturing processes. Specific examples are presented, including the "smart card," wireless headsets, and the PCMCIA modem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multimodal blind source separation for moving sources based on robust beamforming (2011)

An improvement in the multimodal approach to the problem of blind source separation (BSS) of moving sources is proposed. The challenge of BSS for moving sources is that the mixing filters are time varying. Thus the unmixing filters should also be time varying, which are difficult to calculate from only statistical information avail able from limited number of audio samples. Therefore, in the pro posed approach a robust least square frequency invariant data independent (RLSFIDI) beamformer is implemented to perform real time speech enhancement and provide separation of the moving sources. Direction of arrival information of the sources is obtained from the visual 3-D tracker based on a Markov Chain Monte Carlo particle filter (MCMC-PF). The uncertainties in source localization and direction of arrival information are controlled by using convex optimization approach in the beamformer design. This provides robust ness with a wider main lobe for source of interest (SOI) and wider attenuation pattern to block the interference. In addition, white noise gain (WNG) constraint is used to control the beamformer sensitivity. Experimental results show that by utilizing RLSFIDI beamformer a significant improvement in BSS performance for moving sources is achieved in a low reverberant environment.
Murine interleukin 9 stimulates the proliferation of mouse erythroid progenitor cells and favors the erythroid differentiation of multipotent FDCP-mix cells. (1992)

Murine interleukin 9 (mIL-9) is a T-cell-derived growth factor that stimulates erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) from murine bone marrow. We further investigated this activity using enriched mouse bone marrow progenitors and the multipotent interleukin 3 (IL-3)-dependent FDCP-Mix cell line. We report here that mIL-9 stimulates erythroid burst formation of total bone marrow cells and accessory cell-depleted bone marrow cells, even in serum-free cultures. On the other hand, we observed that although mIL-9 could not support proliferation of FDCP-Mix cells, it favors erythroid differentiation of these cells in the presence of both IL-3 and erythropoietin. These results strongly suggest that mIL-9 acts directly on mouse erythroid progenitor cells.
Avian infectious bronchitis vaccine: primordial or derived virus? (1976)

Vaccine formulations of virulent, modified/attenuated, or inactivated mono- or multivalent types of chicken embryo-propagated avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) at different passage levels and administered by non-parenteral routes have been used for immunization of chickens against the disease. Two doses of vaccines are generally used: 1) high level virus of lessened virulence, antigenicity and immunogenicity as derived from its parental virus via serial passage in and selective adaptation to the chicken embryo, and 2) low passage level virus with the above properties more closely related to the greater potency of the parental virus in nature. The efficacy of vaccines with contemporary or candidate virus has been interpreted from a variety of criteria among which are: 1) clinical response, residence and dissemination of virus, 2) in vivo and in vitro local tissue response of tracheal epithelium, 3) protection against virulent homologous or heterologous types of IBV, and 4) induced secretory and humoral antibody. Vaccines have been economically useful and of epizootiological value but the greatest difficulty is the uncertainty of protection because of the changing antigenic, immunogenic and other properties of existing virus and of newly emerging types. With a complex virus such as IBV, the opportunities for natural selection and evolution of new or modified antigens via association with antibody of immune or of partially immune hosts are as enormous as antigenic lability resulting from fragmentation of the primordial genome under natural and/or artificial environmental stress. The present day IBV might be progeny from a unique pool of primordial genome via mutation and host-induced variation, or even persistence of primordial virus as an infinitesimal portion of the population.
Headway in rhodanide anion based ternary gel polymer electrolytes (TILGPEs) for applications in rechargeable lithium ion batteries: an efficient route to achieve high electrochemical and cycling performances (2017)

For the first time, a new category of rhodanide anion based ternary ionic liquid gel polymer electrolytes has been synthesized and characterized for its applications in lithium ion batteries.
A Low-Loss “RL-Plus-C” Filter for Overvoltage Suppression in Inverter-Fed Drive System With Long Motor Cable (2014)

Inverter-fed drive systems have been widely used in residential, commercial, and industrial applications. Special emphasis is placed on avoiding overvoltage spikes traveling along the cable and inside the motor, when a long motor cable is used. Such phenomenon would cause premature failure of the motor and cable insulation. Many passive and active overvoltage suppression techniques have been proposed to tackle this issue. Among them, passive overvoltage filters are dominant solutions, as their implementation is simple, cost effective, and robust. However, they have the main drawback of high power dissipation. This paper gives a new perspective on this subject. A generalized model for characterizing the inverter-cable-motor system with the filter included will be formulated to describe the interactions between the filter and the drive system. Then, the characteristics of an ideal overvoltage filter will be derived. Furthermore, a low-loss filter, named as “RL-plus-C” filter that exhibits near ideal characteristics will be proposed. Its performance will be compared with that of the commonly adopted RC and RLC filters, theoretically and experimentally on a 1-hp motor drive system. Results reveal that the proposed filter has the lowest power dissipation.
Recurrent chimeric RNAs enriched in human prostate cancer identified by deep sequencing (2011)

Transcription-induced chimeric RNAs, possessing sequences from different genes, are expected to increase the proteomic diversity through chimeric proteins or altered regulation. Despite their importance, few studies have focused on chimeric RNAs especially regarding their presence/roles in human cancers. By deep sequencing the transcriptome of 20 human prostate cancer and 10 matched benign prostate tissues, we obtained 1.3 billion sequence reads, which led to the identification of 2,369 chimeric RNA candidates. Chimeric RNAs occurred in significantly higher frequency in cancer than in matched benign samples. Experimental investigation of a selected 46 set led to the confirmation of 32 chimeric RNAs, of which 27 were highly recurrent and previously undescribed in prostate cancer. Importantly, a subset of these chimeras was present in prostate cancer cell lines, but not detectable in primary human prostate epithelium cells, implying their associations with cancer. These chimeras contain discernable 5′ and 3′ splice sites at the RNA junction, indicating that their formation is mediated by splicing. Their presence is also largely independent of the expression of parental genes, suggesting that other factors are involved in their production and regulation. One chimera, TMEM79-SMG5 , is highly differentially expressed in human cancer samples and therefore a potential biomarker. The prevalence of chimeric RNAs may allow the limited number of human genes to encode a substantially larger number of RNAs and proteins, forming an additional layer of cellular complexity. Together, our results suggest that chimeric RNAs are widespread, and increased chimeric RNA events could represent a unique class of molecular alteration in cancer.
Optimal allocation of shared data over distributed memory hierarchies (2003)

Nonreplicated shared data of distributed applications is optimally allocated to pre-specified multilevel memory partitions at the sites of a heterogeneous multicomputer network to minimize a weighted combination of systemwide mean time delay performance and mean communication cost per access request. Greedy and fast optimization algorithms are presented for nonqueueing lightly-loaded as well as heavily-loaded multiqueue system models with channel, l/O, and memory hierarchy queues. Extensions to data exhibiting nonuniform access demand rates and distinct query and update statistics are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Drug discovery targets: 5-HT6 receptor (2005)

The serotonergic (5-HT) nervous system has been implicated in cognitive function and feeding behavior. At present, there are a number of compounds undergoing biological testing for 5-HT 6 receptor antagonism. Preclinicaldata have confirmed potent and selective antagonism for several compounds in vitro at the rat and human 5-HT 6 receptor. Favorable cognition-enhancing effects have been demonstrated in rats, with significant improvement in memory retention, consolidation and spatial learning. Therefore, 5-HT 6 antagonism has been proposed as a promising approach for treating cognitive impairment associated with neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia). Furthermore, these compounds facilitate a reduction in food intake, fat absorption and body weight in genetic and dietary models of obesity. This review summarizes the progress with 5-HT 6 receptor antagonists as a therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease- and schizophrenia-associated cognitive dysfunction and obesity.
New polymer syntheses, 88. Thermosetting cholesterin oligocarbonates with propargyl endgroups (1997)

Abstract Thermosetting cholesteric oligocarbonates were prepared by polycondensation of mesogenic diphenols such as 4,4′‐dihydroxybiphenyl (DHB) or hydroquinone 4‐hydroxy‐benzoate (HQHB; system. name: 4‐hydroxyphenyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate) with methylhy‐droquinone and isosorbide. Trichloromethyl chloroformate served as condensing agent and propargyl alcohol (system. name of propargyl: 2‐propynyl), 4‐propargyloxybenzoyl chloride or 6‐propargyloxy‐2‐napthoyl chloride served as chain stoppers. Most oligocar‐bonates form a cholesteric phase over a broad temperature range. Depending on the mole fraction of isosorbide these oligocarbonates form Grandjean textures when sheared in the molten state.
Response of malignant B lymphocytes to ionizing radiation: Gene expression and genotype (2005)

The human malignant B-lymphocyte cell lines Reh and U698 show arrest in G2 phase after ionizing radiation (IR), but only Reh cells arrest in G1 phase and die by apoptosis. We have used cDNA microarrays to measure changes in gene expression at 2, 4 and 6 hr after irradiation of Reh and U698 cells with 0.5 and 4 Gy in order to begin exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotypic changes. We also investigated whether gene expression changes could be caused by possible aberrations of genes, as measured by comparative genomic hybridization. Reh cells showed upregulation of CDKN1A that likely mediated the G1 arrest. In contrast, U698 cells have impaired function of TP53 protein and no activation of CDKN1A, suppressing the arrest in G1. The G2 arrest in both cell lines was likely due to repression of PLK1 and/or CCNF. IR-induced apoptosis in Reh cells was probably mediated by TP53 and CDKN1A, whereas a high expression level of MCL1, caused by gene amplification, and activation of the NFKB pathway may have suppressed the apoptotic response in U698 cells. Genes suggested to be involved in apoptosis were activated long before this phenotype was detectable and showed the same temporal expression profiles as genes involved in cell cycle arrest. Our results suggest that differences in functionality and/or copy number of several genes involved in IR-regulated pathways contributed to the phenotypic differences between Reh and U698 cells after IR, and that multiple molecular factors control the radiation response of malignant B lymphocytes.
Optimized Amplitude Filtering for Superresolution Over a Restricted FieldI. Achievement of Maximum Central Irradiance under an Energy Constraint (1980)

(1980). Optimized Amplitude Filtering for Superresolution Over a Restricted FieldI. Achievement of Maximum Central Irradiance under an Energy Constraint. Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics: Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 587-610.
Solubility, Vapor Pressure, and Liquid Density in the System Carbon Dioxide-Methylene Chloride. (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility, Vapor Pressure, and Liquid Density in the System Carbon Dioxide-Methylene Chloride.D. S. Buell and J. W. EldridgeCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1962, 7, 2, 187–189Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60013a008https://doi.org/10.1021/je60013a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts