gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specificity in splicing (1994)

Considerable information about the process of pre-mRNA splicing has accumulated, but the mechanism by which highly accurate splicing is achieved is unresolved. Fifteen years ago we proposed that accuracy in splicing might depend on small RNA molecules (splicer RNAs) which hybridise across adjacent exon termini, or intron termini. Gene expression, including alternative splicing, could be controlled by the transcription of specific splicer RNA genes. We re-assess our model here, in the light of subsequent developments.
Practical considerations in the use of polarized light microscopy in the analysis of the collagen network in articular cartilage (2007)

Polarized light microscopy is a traditional method for visualizing the collagen network architecture of articular cartilage. Articular cartilage repair and tissue engineering studies have raised new demands for techniques capable of quantitative characterization of the scar and repair tissues, including properties of the collagen network. Modern polarized light microscopy can be used to measure collagen fibril orientation, parallelism, and birefringence. New commercial instruments are computer controlled and the measurements are easy to perform. However, often the interpretation of results causes difficulties, even errors, because the theoretical aspects of the technique are demanding. The aim of this study was to describe the instrumentation and properties of a modern polarized light microscope, to point out some sources of error in the interpretation of the results, and to recall the theoretical background of the polarized light microscopy.
TailGate (2012)

Distributing long-tail content is an inherently difficult task due to the low amortization of bandwidth transfer costs as such content has limited number of views. Two recent trends are making this problem harder. First, the increasing popularity of user-generated content (UGC) and online social networks (OSNs) create and reinforce such popularity distributions. Second, the recent trend of geo-replicating content across multiple PoPs spread around the world, done for improving quality of experience (QoE) for users and for redundancy reasons, can lead to unnecessary bandwidth costs. We build TailGate, a system that exploits social relationships, regularities in read access patterns, and time-zone differences to efficiently and selectively distribute long-tail content across PoPs. We evaluate TailGate using large traces from an OSN and show that it can decrease WAN bandwidth costs by as much as 80% as well as reduce latency, improving QoE. We deploy TailGate on PlanetLab and show that even in the case when imprecise social information is available, TailGate can still decrease the latency for accessing long-tail YouTube videos by a factor of 2.
Joint intersymbol and multiple‐access interference suppression algorithms for CDMA systems (1998)

Abstract Two promising classes of techniques are developed for efficient multiuser detection in code‐division multiple‐access (CDMA) communication systems subject to fading due to time‐varying multipath propagation. Both are designed to jointly suppress both intersymbol and multiple‐access interference inherent in such systems, and exploit all available time and frequency diversity. The first is a family of linear receivers for time‐varying multiuser channels that generalize familiar linear equalizers designed for traditional single‐user linear time‐invariant channels. Minimum mean‐square error, zero‐forcing, and matched‐filter versions of such multiuser detectors are all developed within a common state‐space framework, and have convenient recursive implementations. Performance issues as well as natural decision‐feedback variants of the detector structure are both discussed. The second is a family of nonlinear receivers that are specifically designed for use with spread‐signature CDMA systems on time‐varying multipath channels. These multiuser detectors employ a batch‐iterative (multipass or “turbo” stayl) decoding algorithm based on a successive‐cancellation strategy. Several aspects of the performance of this algorithm are developed, including its monotonic convergence property. Collectively, these two classes of algorithmic structures for joint equalization, interference suppression, demodulation, and detection are representative of several emerging and interrelated approaches to receiver design for next‐generation CDMA systems.
Equilibrium in Fluoride Systems. I. Solubility of Cryolite in Aqueous Solutions of Iron and Aluminum Salts at 25° (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibrium in Fluoride Systems. I. Solubility of Cryolite in Aqueous Solutions of Iron and Aluminum Salts at 25°Francis J. FrereCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 9, 1695–1697Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1936https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01300a058RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (299 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Tracking molecular evolution of photosynthesis by characterization of a major photosynthesis gene cluster from <i>Heliobacillus mobilis</i> (1998)

A DNA sequence has been obtained for a 35.6-kb genomic segment from Heliobacillus mobilis that contains a major cluster of photosynthesis genes. A total of 30 ORFs were identified, 20 of which encode enzymes for bacteriochlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis, reaction-center (RC) apoprotein, and cytochromes for cyclic electron transport. Donor side electron-transfer components to the RC include a putative RC-associated cytochrome c553 and a unique four-large-subunit cytochrome bc complex consisting of Rieske Fe-S protein (encoded by petC), cytochrome b6 (petB), subunit IV (petD), and a diheme cytochrome c (petX). Phylogenetic analysis of various photosynthesis gene products indicates a consistent grouping of oxygenic lineages that are distinct and descendent from anoxygenic lineages. In addition, H. mobilis was placed as the closest relative to cyanobacteria, which form a monophyletic origin to chloroplast-based photosynthetic lineages. The consensus of the photosynthesis gene trees also indicates that purple bacteria are the earliest emerging photosynthetic lineage. Our analysis also indicates that an ancient gene-duplication event giving rise to the paralogous bchI and bchD genes predates the divergence of all photosynthetic groups. In addition, our analysis of gene duplication of the photosystem I and photosystem II core polypeptides supports a "heterologous fusion model" for the origin and evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis.
Lenticular Uptake and Distribution of Xenobiotics and Amino Acids (1992)

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between lipophilicity and the lenticular uptake of radiolabeled xenobiotics. The lenticular uptake of amino acids was also investigated. An organ-culture technique was employed and the partitioning of compounds into the rabbit lens was measured for compounds with log octanol/water partition coefficients (log P o/w) ranging from -1 to 7.3. Drug distribution in the lens was expressed as the concentration ratio of that in the lenticular section (capsule/epithelium, cortex, and nucleus) to that in the incubation medium, (C(lens) section/Cm). The drug partitioning into the lens capsule was facile for all of the compounds tested. The drug concentrations in the lens capsule were higher than those in the cortical and nuclear regions. For compounds with low partition coefficients (such as sulfacetamide and cimetidine), an apparent distribution equilibrium was achieved during a 5-hr period. The C(lens)/Cm value of polar compounds, being less than one, did not further increase by prolonging the incubation period. Only compounds with log Po/w values between 3 and 6 had Cnucleus/Cm values exceeding unity. The maximal values of Ccortex/Cm and Cnucleus/Cm, approximately 15 and 4, respectively, for anthracene (log Po/w = 4.5) and diethylstilbestrol (log Po/w = 5.1), were observed in this study. A bell-shaped relationship was observed between the lenticular uptake rate and drug lipophilicity, of which the maximum occurred around log Po/w of 4. These results indicate the existence of a lipophilicity window for favorable drug distribution into the deeper region of the lens. For several lipophilic compounds, such as padimate-O, values of Cnucleus/Cm increased steadily over a 24-hour incubation period. This suggests that the nucleus behaved as a deep compartment for these compounds. L-Cysteine and L-serine were actively taken up by the lens and the lenticular absorption of L-cysteine was concentration-dependent with Vmax and Km values of 18.3 mumol/gm/hr and 49.8 mM, respectively. In summary, a relationship between lenticular uptake and drug lipophilicity was demonstrated. The optimal log Po/w value for drug uptake into the lens was between 4 and 5. The slowness of reaching significant drug concentrations in the nucleus necessitates a chronic dosing regimen to deliver therapeutic drug levels inside the lens.
Sol-gel deposition of PZT thin films on ceramic ZrO/sub 2/ substrates (2002)

Pb(Zr/sub 1-x/Ti/sub x/)O/sub 3/ thin films (x=0.55 and 0.85) were prepared on fine grained, polished ZrO/sub 2/ ceramic substrates by a sol-gel method. The high thermal expansion of ZrO/sub 2/ relative to Si allows the preparation of thicker PZT films with reduced thermal stress. For the x=0.85 films, this reduction of thermal stress gives a preference of [001] over (100) oriented domains. For x=0.55 films, square P-E hysteresis loops were obtained with: P/sub r/=36 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/, and E/sub c/=45 kV/cm, at a field of 160 kV/cm. Pyroelectric figures of merit, defined as P//spl epsi/, of 0.93 were measured for a 4.0 /spl mu/m thick Pb(Zr/sub 0.15/Ti/sub 0.85/)O/sub 3/ film. The measured properties were comparable to those of highly (111) oriented films on Si. Thus, the [001] texture must be increased in order to realize improved properties.
Adaptive application offloading decision and transmission scheduling for mobile cloud computing (2017)

Offloading application to cloud can augment mobile devices' computation capabilities for the emerging resource-hungry mobile application, however it can also consume both much time and energy for mobile device offloading application remotely to cloud. In this paper, we develop a newly adaptive application offloading decision-transmission scheduling scheme which can solve above problem efficiently. Specifically, we first propose an adaptive application offloading model which allows multiple target clouds coexisting. Second, based on Lyapunov optimization theory, a low complexity adaptive offloading decision-transmission scheduling scheme has been proposed. And the performance analysis is also given. Finally, simulation results show that, compared with that all applications are executed locally, mobile device can save 68.557% average execution time and 67.095% average energy consumption under situations.
Sub-100 nm IR spectromicroscopy of living cells (2008)

We have performed IR spectromicroscopy of cells immersed in liquid water, with a lateral resolution better than 100 nm. Here, we use the motion of an atomic force microscope tip, probing the local transient deformation induced by an IR pulsed laser tuned at a sample absorbing wavelength. By Fourier analysis of the vibration of the cantilever tip, we can discriminate frequencies that are characteristic of the object, thus eliminating the influence of the water absorption. This opens the door of chemical imaging of living species in vivo, with spatial resolution of the order of the size of cell components.
The Interaction of FcαRI with IgA and Its Implications for Ligand Binding by Immunoreceptors of the Leukocyte Receptor Cluster (2001)

This study defines the molecular basis of the FcalphaRI (CD89):IgA interaction, which is distinct from that of the other leukocyte Fc receptors and their Ig ligands. A comprehensive analysis using both cell-free (biosensor) and cell-based assays was used to define and characterize the IgA binding region of FcalphaRI. Biosensor analysis of mutant FcalphaRI proteins showed that residues Y35, Y81, and R82 were essential for IgA binding, and R52 also contributed. The role of the essential residues (Y35 and R82) was confirmed by analysis of mutant receptors expressed on the surface of mammalian cells. These receptors failed to bind IgA, but were detected by the mAb MY43, which blocks IgA binding to FcalphaRI, indicating that its epitope does not coincide with these IgA binding residues. A homology model of the ectodomains of FcalphaRI was generated based on the structures of killer Ig-like receptors, which share 30-34% identity with FcalphaRI. Key structural features of killer Ig-like receptors are appropriately reproduced in the model, including the structural conservation of the interdomain linker and hydrophobic core (residues V17, V97, and W183). In this FcalphaRI model the residues forming the IgA binding site identified by mutagenesis form a single face near the N-terminus of the receptor, distinct from other leukocyte Fc receptors where ligand binding is in the second domain. This taken together with major differences in kinetics and affinity for IgA:FcalphaRI interaction that were observed depending on whether FcalphaRI was immobilized or in solution suggest a mode of interaction unique among the leukocyte receptors.
Purification of sucrose esters by ultrafiltration (1976)

Abstract A sucrose ester product containing glycerides and free fatty acids has been separated into a sucrose ester rich fraction and a glyceride‐fatty acid rich fraction by ultrafiltration using a benzene or carbon tetrachloride solution and a polysulfone membrane which normally separates solutes above and below a molecular weight of 10,000.
An automatic visual inspection method for a plastic surface based on image partitioning and gray‐level histograms (1986)

Abstract The outlook examination in fabrication of plastic products in the past has been performed mainly by visual inspection. The automation of the procedure is now considered to be important. This paper discusses a simple automatic detection method for defects on the surface of plastic electronic components such as integrated circuits. As the first step, optical properties of the defect such as flaw, pin‐hole and bulge on the surface of the plastic components are discussed. This indicates problems in the detection of those defects. Then the illumination method using a planar light source is discussed to obtain a stable image against surface inclination. The procedure for practical detection of defects is developed in this paper as follows. First, to separate the image of the component surface from the background, the projection distribution of the gray‐level histograms is constructed. The boundary of the component surface is extracted based on the histogram. Then the surface image is partitioned into subareas. The gray‐level histogram is constructed for each partitioned subarea. Based on the maximum and the most‐frequent value of the gray‐level histogram, the existence or nonexistence of a defect in the subarea is determined. The experiment for the defect detection was performed using typical plastic components which are determined good or no‐good. It is demonstrated that a correct defect detection can be performed for all kinds of components.
Conducting Nanofiber (2006)

導電性ナノファイバーは現在,電磁シールドなど目に見えるサイズの製品への応用のみならず,ナノサイズへの応用,すなわち分子エレクトロニクス実現の鍵を握る素材として注目を集めている.本稿では導電性高分子からなる導電性ナノファイバーを中心に,そのさまざまな作製方法や微細加工電極を用いた導電特性,FET特性について解説する.
Spatial and cellular localization of calcium-dependent protease (CDP II)in<i>Allomyces arbuscula</i> (2003)

Immunogold labeling of calcium-dependent neutral protease II (CDPII) with specific antibodies in near median longitudinal ultrathin sections of Allomyces arbuscula showed that the enzyme is predominantly localized in the growing hyphal and rhizoidal apices. The tips in both cell type had more enzyme than the distal regions and showed a gradient distribution. Labeling of the ultrathin sections and western blot analysis of purified subcellular fractions showed that CDPII is mainly cytosolic. Catalytic activity of the enzyme measured with synthetic substrate (Bz-Arg-pNA) showed that 90% of its activity is present in the soluble fraction, although a small amount is associated with the nuclei (0.2%), plasma membranes (0.7%) and microsomes (3.9%). This association is discussed in the context of the functional role of the enzyme and its possible localized activation. Western blot analysis of the crude extract and indirect immunofluorescence of the fixed permeabilized hypahe after treatment with CDPII showed that the alpha-tubulin is a specific target of the enzyme.
Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases among young children: improving water supplies and excreta disposal facilities. (1985)

A theoretical model is proposed that relates the level of ingestion of diarrhoea-causing pathogens to the frequency of diarrhoea in the community. The implications of this model are that, in poor communities with inadequate water supply and excreta disposal, reducing the level of enteric pathogen ingestion by a given amount will have a greater impact on diarrhoea mortality rates than on morbidity rates, a greater impact on the incidence rate of severe diarrhoea than on that of mild diarrhoea, and a greater impact on diarrhoea caused by pathogens having high infectious doses than on diarrhoea caused by pathogens of a low infectious dose. The impact of water supply and sanitation on diarrhoea, related infections, nutritional status, and mortality is analysed by reviewing 67 studies from 28 countries. The median reductions in diarrhoea morbidity rates are 22% from all studies and 27% from a few better-designed studies. All studies of the impact on total mortality rates show a median reduction of 21%, while the few better-designed studies give a median reduction of 30%. Improvements in water quality have less of an impact than improvements in water availability or excreta disposal.
LITERATURE (1961)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTLITERATUREGrowth of Chemical Literature DALE B. BAKERView Author Information The Ohio State University, Columbus, OhioCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1961, 39, 29, 78–81Publication Date (Print):July 17, 1961Publication History Published online6 November 2010Published inissue 17 July 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v039n029.p078https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v039n029.p078newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1961 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views6Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Chemical engineering and industrial chemistry Get e-Alerts
Hematoporphyrin derivative rescue from toxicity caused by chemotherapy or radiation in a murine leukemia model (L1210). (1984)

Hematoporphyrin [1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-2,4-bis(hydroxyethyl)-porphin-6,7-dipropio nic acid dihydrochloride derivative] (HPD) is a compound that was studied in a number of laboratories because of its cytocidal activity after activation by light. Modification of immune function seen during the photochemotherapeutic studies prompted attempts to determine the effect of HPD on the immune and hemopoietic systems. Splenic hyperplasia as well as marrow hypercellularity were noted in mice treated with HPD. In vitro phytohemagglutinin or lipopolysaccharide stimulation of spleen lymphocytes caused normal or scant increases in blast transformation compared to the stimulation index for lymphocytes from untreated animals. HPD treatment did not significantly alter production of antibody to sheep red blood cells, as evaluated by hemagglutination or hemolytic assay. In contrast, HPD treatment did promote an increased number of spleen colonies in lethally irradiated mice transfused with syngeneic bone marrow. The capacity of HPD to increase the number of bone marrow and spleen cells has been exploited to accelerate the recovery from peripheral leukopenia induced in animals by previous drug or radiation treatment. The time for full return from severe leukopenia induced by an antimetabolite compound (5-fluorouracil) or an alkylating agent (cyclophosphamide or X-rays was significantly shorter in mice treated with HPD than in controls. Furthermore, improved survival was demonstrated in irradiated mice after HPD treatment. Finally, HPD treatment of L1210 leukemic mice did not affect the antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide. If the properties described here be confirmed, HPD might contribute to recovery of leukopenic cancer patients.