gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphological studies on the effect of taxol on cultured human prostatic cancer cells (1987)

The effect of taxol, an experimental antitumor drug, was studied in vitro on human prostatic cancer cells. Different concentrations of taxol, varying from 5 microM to 0.01 nM, were used. The effect of taxol was examined by light and electron microscopy. Taxol had a marked cytotoxic effect on prostatic cancer cells down to a 10 nM concentration of taxol when observed by light microscopy. However, by electron microscopy, the specific effect of taxol was seen even with a 1 nM concentration of taxol. Taxol induced the appearance of numerous round cells after a few days and, subsequently, progressive death of the tumor cells. Among the surviving tumor cells, large tumor cells were noted as well as many multinucleated tumor cells. By electron microscopy, the round tumor cells showed mitotic figures with a high amount of cytoplasmic microtubules. Nonmitotic cells were often multinucleated and contained a high number of cytoplasmic microtubules and microtubule-related structures. The results show that taxol, even at very low concentrations, has a highly cytotoxic effect on prostatic cancer cells; and when a very low concentration of taxol is used with no obvious cytotoxic effect at the light microscopic level, specific taxol-induced ultrastructural alterations can be observed.
Advanced techniques, structures, and applications (1993)

Applications of physical and chemical principles and techniques to the study of biopolymers, foods, and food processes. Small-angle x-ray scattering of proteins related to food systems. Investigating tertiary and quarternary structures of food proteins by small-angle x-ray scattering. Neutron diffraction for the study of protein structure and hydration. Special topics in small-angle scattering. Scattering techniques applied to food systems. Parameter predictions from correlations between hydrodynamic and x-ray data. Structural studies of biological macromolecules using vibrational optical activity with examples from food proteins. NMR principles and applications to the structure and hydration of food systems with emphasis on proteins. NMR instrumentation. Nitroxyl amide spin labeling. Immobilized microbial cells. Recent developments in the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for biotechnology applications. Physical and chemical properties of glucomannan gels and related polysaccharide systems. Supercritical fluid chromatography. Direct freeze concentration of dairy liquids. Liposomes in cell culture research.
BSFQ: bin sort fair queueing (2003)

Existing packet schedulers that provide fair sharing of an output link can be divided into two classes: sorted priority and frame-based. Sorted priority methods provide excellent approximation for weighted fair queueing (WFQ) while frame-based methods are more computationally efficient. We present a new packet scheduling algorithm called bin sort fair queueing (BSFQ) that combines the strengths of both type of schedulers. As a result, BSFQ is highly scalable and can provide very good approximation for WFQ. We prove that BSFQ can provide end-to-end delay and fairness guarantees to conformant flows. BSFQ also has a built-in buffer management function that can protect packets of conformant flows from nonconformant traffic. The performance of BSFQ and its ability to detect nonconformant flows are studied using simulations and compared to those of the deficit round robin method.
Probiotics and prebiotics: can regulating the activities of intestinal bacteria benefit health? (1999)

The colonic microflora is important to health. The growth and metabolism of the many individual bacterial species inhabiting the large bowel depend primarily on the substrates available to them, most of which come from the diet. 1 2 This has led to attempts to modify the structure and metabolic activities of the community through diet—using probiotics and prebiotics. Probiotics are live microbial food supplements. The best known are the lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, which are widely used in yoghurts and other dairy products (fig 1). These organisms are non-pathogenic and non-toxigenic,retain viability during storage, and survive passage through the stomach and small bowel. Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients which selectively stimulate the growth or activities, or both, of lactobacilli or bifidobacteria in the colon, thereby improving health.

#### Summary points



Fig 1 
A selection of “bio” yoghurts available in supermarkets



Since probiotics do not permanently colonise the host, they need to be ingested regularly for any health promoting properties to persist. Most studies on probiosis have been observational rather than mechanistic, and thus the processes responsible for many probiotic phenomena are seldom explained. Some probiotics are members of the normal colonic microflora and are not …
A boundary element solution for a mode conversion study on the edge reflection of Lamb waves (1996)

The boundary element method, well known for bulk wave scattering, is extended to study the mode conversion phenomena of Lamb waves from a free edge. The elastodynamic interior boundary value problem is formulated as a hybrid boundary integral equation in conjunction with the normal mode expansion technique based on the Lamb wave dispersion equation. The present approach has the potential of easily handling the geometrical complexity of general guided wave scattering with improved computational efficiency due to the advantage of the boundary-type integral method. To check the accuracy of the boundary element program, vertical shear wave diffraction, due to a circular hole, is solved and compared with previous analytical solutions. Edge reflection factors for the multibackscattered modes in a steel plate are satisfied quite well with the principle of energy conservation. In the cases of A0, A1, and S0 incidence, the variations of the multireflection factors show similar tendencies to the existing results for glass. It is observed that the reflection of an incident wave becomes close to zero over a certain frequency range seen through energy interaction with other reflected modes, and increases again beyond this minimum point due to reverse mode conversion. The reflections of the higher symmetric incident modes, S1 and S2, are also investigated. It turns out that S1 mode is an unusual mode which is nearly unaffected by the mode conversion in the Lamb wave edge reflection.
Investigations on the changes in anaerobic biodegradability and biotoxicity of an industrial microbial biomass induced by a thermochemical pretreatment (2000)

In the anaerobic digestion of solid wastes, hydrolysis is the rate limiting step and physicochemical pretreatment is often required to promote solubilization of organic matter. As an illustration, anaerobic digestion was limited by the substrate solubilization step during continuous cultures performed with an industrial microbial biomass. In optimal operating conditions determined for the hydrolysis-acidogenesis step (T = 35 degrees C; pH = 8.5; OLR = 5.4 g COD/l.d) 50.6% COD solubilization was achieved. A thermochemical pretreatment based on sodium hydroxide addition, was used in order to enhance COD solubilization. Optimal conditions for COD solubilization were pH = 12, T = 140 degrees C for 30 minutes. In these conditions, 70% COD solubilization was achieved. However, anaerobic biodegradability of the pretreated substrate was not improved and remained near 40%. The poor anaerobic biodegradability performances were attributed to the soluble molecules generated during the thermochemical pretreatment that were refractory and/or inhibitory to anaerobic microorganisms. Fractionation of the soluble pretreated microbial biomass by two methods (treatment with adsorbent resins and precipitation by pH adjustment) demonstrated that high molecular weight compounds (> 100 kDa) are involved in the poor biodegradability and in the biotoxicity observed. Partial decolorization through resin use and acid precipitation remove these compounds. The consequence of their removal was an increase of the production of biogas.
Total internal reflection microscopy: a quantitative tool for the measurement of colloidal forces (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal internal reflection microscopy: a quantitative tool for the measurement of colloidal forcesDennis C. Prieve and Nasser A. FrejCite this: Langmuir 1990, 6, 2, 396–403Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00092a019https://doi.org/10.1021/la00092a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1273Altmetric-Citations176LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Australian Mandatory Retirement Challenged (1990)

Australia experienced declines in older workers' participation in the labor force similar to that of the United States during the 1970s, but it has taken more than 10 years to enact the same policy changes in age discrimination in employment. In order to promote a considered internationalism as opposed to parochialism in policy, this paper considers two questions about this case, namely, "Why did Australia take so long to change?" and "What has been learned from the North American experience?" On the first question, it is argued that Australians are beginning to move only slowly from a European view of retirement as leisure in "old age" towards the more active notions in North America and among its Asian neighbors. Elites in government are responding to a growing political consciousness among the seed seeking a new deal in rights of a access to work and other activities. On the second question, it is argued that the North American experience leads us to moderate strong claims about age discrimination and to be less optimistic about major improvements in older workers' participation arising from legislation outlawing age discrimination. This evidence has reduced the contentiousness of the issue in Australia and allowed focus on the more practical issues of how to make the legislation work to protect the rights of older people.
Chemical Sand Consolidation: From Polymers to Nanoparticles (2020)

The chemical sand consolidation methods involve pumping of chemical materials, like furan resin and silicate non-polymer materials into unconsolidated sandstone formations, in order to minimize sand production with the fluids produced from the hydrocarbon reservoirs. The injected chemical material, predominantly polymer, bonds sand grains together, lead to higher compressive strength of the rock. Hence, less amounts of sand particles are entrained in the produced fluids. However, the effect of this bonding may impose a negative impact on the formation productivity due to the reduction in rock permeability. Therefore, it is always essential to select a chemical material that can provide the highest possible compressive strength with minimum permeability reduction. This review article discusses the chemical materials used for sand consolidation and presents an in-depth evaluation between these materials to serve as a screening tool that can assist in the selection of chemical sand consolidation material, which in turn, helps optimize the sand control performance. The review paper also highlights the progressive improvement in chemical sand consolidation methods, from using different types of polymers to nanoparticles utilization, as well as track the impact of the improvement in sand consolidation efficiency and production performance. Based on this review, the nanoparticle-related martials are highly recommended to be applied as sand consolidation agents, due to their ability to generate acceptable rock strength with insignificant reduction in rock permeability.
Multi-instrument ground-based observations of a travelling convection vortices event (1996)

Abstract. A coordinated ground-based observational campaign using the IMAGE magnetometer network, EISCAT radars and optical instruments on Svalbard has made possible detailed studies of a travelling convection vortices (TCV) event on 6 January 1992. Combining the data from these facilities allows us to draw a very detailed picture of the features and dynamics of this TCV event. On the way from the noon to the drawn meridian, the vortices went through a remarkable development. The propagation velocity in the ionosphere increased from 2.5 to 7.4 km s–1, and the orientation of the major axes of the vortices rotated from being almost parallel to the magnetic meridian near noon to essentially perpendicular at dawn. By combining electric fields obtained by EISCAT and ionospheric currents deduced from magnetic field recordings, conductivities associated with the vortices could be estimated. Contrary to expectations we found higher conductivities below the downward field aligned current (FAC) filament than below the upward directed. Unexpected results also emerged from the optical observations. For most of the time there were no discrete aurora at 557.7 nm associated with the TCVs. Only once did a discrete form appear at the foot of the upward FAC. This aurora subsequently expanded eastward and westward leaving its centre at the same longitude while the TCV continued to travel westward. Also we try to identify the source regions of TCVs in the magnetosphere and discuss possible generation mechanisms.
Low-Dose Chemotherapy and Rituximab for Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disease (PTLD): A Children’s Oncology Group Report (2012)

Optimal therapy for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) remains problematic. A phase II trial adding rituximab to a low-dose cyclophosphamide and prednisone regimen was conducted for pediatric patients with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (+), CD20 (+) PTLD. Fifty-five patients were enrolled. Toxicity was similar for cycles of therapy containing rituximab versus those without. The complete remission (CR) rate was 69% (95% confidence interval (CI); 57%-84%). Of 12 patients with radiographic evidence of persistent disease at the end of therapy, eight were in CR 28 weeks later without further PTLD therapy. There were 10 deaths, 3 due to infections while receiving therapy and 7 from PTLD. The 2-year event-free survival (alive with functioning original allograft and no PTLD) was 71% (95% CI: 57%-82%) and overall survival was 83% (95% CI: 69%-91%) with median follow-up of 4.8 years. Due to small numbers, we were unable to determine significance of tumor histology, stage of disease, allograft type or early response to treatment on outcome. These data suggest rituximab combined with low-dose chemotherapy is safe and effective in treating pediatric with EBV (+) PTLD following solid-organ transplantation.
Removal of surface contamination from EUV mirrors using low-power downstream plasma cleaning (2010)

The problem of carbon contamination on extreme ultraviolet (EUV) optics, causing unacceptably low reflectivity in mirrors, must be solved before industry will adopt the technology on a production scale. Breaking vacuum, removing and then cleaning mirrors is a time-consuming and expensive method for dealing with the problem. A safe yet effective in situ method for cleaning EUV optics and maintaining vacuum chamber cleanliness is important for progress in EUV lithography. Carbon contamination has also been a problem for the scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) leading to reduced image quality. The use of low power downstream plasma cleaner has been shown to be effective in removing carbon contamination from SEMs. The plasma dissociates oxygen molecules into neutral oxygen radicals. These radicals flow throughout the SEM vacuum chamber and chemically remove the carbon contamination. Since the process works by chemical etch and not by sputter etch, the capping layer on EUV mirrors will not be damaged by the cleaning process. The production of chemically etching oxygen radicals by plasma cleaning was measured using a quartz crystal microbalance. The effectiveness of the downstream plasma cleaning process was also tested on EUV mirrors.
Cleavage of the ArgIle bond in the native polypeptide chain of human pancreatic stone protein (1987)

The pancreatic stone protein (PSP) isolated from calculi (Mr 14,000) and the 5 protein forms (PSP S1-5) detected in pancreatic juice (Mr 14,000-19,000) derive from the same source differing seemingly in their carbohydrate contents or/and in their polypeptidic chain lengths. This kind of protein would inhibit in vivo CaCO3-crystal growth in pancreatic juice. PSP and PSP S1 N-terminal sequences are identical (NH2Ile-). This report demonstrates that: in PSP S2-5 the amino-terminal is blocked; the C-terminus is alike in every form; the single polypeptide chain of PSP S2-5 is converted into that of PSP S1 or PSP by the specific trypsin cleavage of the Arg-Ile bond.
Investigating receptiveness to sensing and inference in the home using sensor proxies (2012)

In-home sensing and inference systems impose privacy risks and social tensions, which can be substantial barriers for the wide adoption of these systems. To understand what might affect people's perceptions and acceptance of in-home sensing and inference systems, we conducted an empirical study with 22 participants from 11 households. The study included in-lab activities, four weeks using sensor proxies in situ, and exit interviews. We report on participants' perceived benefits and concerns of in-home sensing applications and the observed changes of their perceptions throughout the study. We also report on tensions amongst stakeholders around the adoption and use of such systems. We conclude with a discussion on how the ubicomp design space might be sensitized to people's perceived concerns and tensions regarding sensing and inference in the home.
Optimally DoS Resistant P2P Topologies for Live Multimedia Streaming (2009)

Using a peer-to-peer approach for live multimedia streaming applications offers the promise to obtain a highly scalable, decentralized, and robust distribution service. When constructing streaming topologies, however, specific care has to be taken in order to ensure that quality of service requirements in terms of delay, jitter, packet loss, and stability against deliberate denial of service attacks are met. In this paper, we concentrate on the latter requirement of stability against denial-of-service attacks. We present an analytical model to assess the stability of overlay streaming topologies and describe attack strategies. Building on this, we describe topologies, which are optimally stable toward perfect attacks based on global knowledge, and give a mathematical proof of their optimality. The formal construction and analysis of these topologies using global knowledge lead us to strategies for distributed procedures, which are able to construct resilient topologies in scenarios, where global knowledge can not be gathered. Experimental results show that the topologies created in such a real-world scenario are close to optimally stable toward perfect denial of service attacks.
Synthesis and bisdecarboxylation of oxygenated bicyclo[2.2.X]alkanedicarboxylic anhydrides (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and bisdecarboxylation of oxygenated bicyclo[2.2.X]alkanedicarboxylic anhydridesChristopher M. Cimarusti and Joseph WolinskyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 1, 113–120Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01003a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01003a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views414Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bootstrap Router (BSR) Mechanism for Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) (2008)

Bootstrap Router
Unmanned aerial system for post disaster identification (2014)

This work mainly emphasize on the ongoing research of the design of an unmanned aerial system for handling of post disaster scenario, effectively. Normally the civilian unmanned aerial vehicles suffers from the restriction of line of sight communication but here a high altitude aerial platform has been introduced which acts as a signal repeater. Thus, it virtually enhances the Fresnel's zone of the wireless transmitter. An initial test platform is developed to realize the data communication between the UAV and the ground station within a certain range of way-points as well as basic image mosaic generation is performed using time stamped image data.
Atypical bronchopulmonary carcinoids show a tendency toward increased apoptotic and proliferative activity (2000)

This study suggests that the extent of apoptosis in bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors is low. This, together with a low proliferation rate and an apparent absence of p53 mutation, enables a benign growth pattern. Some atypical carcinoids with enhanced apoptosis are associated with shortened survival, clearly deviating from typical carcinoids.
Soft Red Winter Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) Response to Dicamba and Dicamba Plus 2,4-D (1989)

Soft red winter wheat cultivars were evaluated in field experiments in Georgia for tolerance to dicamba alone and mixed with 2,4-D. Treatments reduced ‘Florida 302’ yield more than ‘Florida 301’ or ‘Coker 983’ at Tifton in 1986. Mid-tillering Florida 302 wheat was more sensitive to treatment than fully tillered wheat. In 1987, dicamba plus 2,4-D applied at mid-tillering reduced yields of all cultivars in Watkinsville. Injury and yield reductions occurred primarily when mid-tiller treatments were applied to wheat that was planted 10 or 21 days later than recommended at Tifton or Watkinsville, respectively. When applied according to labeling, dicamba or dicamba plus 2,4-D use in Georgia soft red winter wheat can reduce grain yield.