gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Efficiency Class E,$hboxEF_2$, and$hboxE/F_3$Inverters (2006)

This paper investigates the new Class EF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> inverter and the already known Class E and E/F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> inverters. The purpose of this paper is to find the answer to the question: what should be added to a classic Class E inverter to improve its performance with minimum expenditure? Class EF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and E/F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> inverters meet this requirement through operating under zero-voltage switching and zero-voltage slope switching conditions (as in Class E) with improved transistor waveforms (as in Class F and 1/F). Selected results of a numerical analysis of Class E, EF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and E/F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> inverters are shown and discussed. The analysis is aimed at maximizing the power output capabilities of these inverters for soft-switching conditions and fixed voltage and current stresses on their transistors as constraints. Measurement results of the Class EF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and E inverters are given to verify the validity of the presented theory. The measured output power of the inverters was 526 and 366 W with the total efficiency of 97.1% and 96.6% at 1 MHz, respectively
Measurement of current and power consumption in the order of milli-watt resolution in processor core level (2014)

The increasing popularity of low power applications has resulted in the need for implementing power consumption reduction techniques. Measurement of power consumption has gained importance due to the fact that the measurement of total power consumed may result in exploring newer mechanisms for reducing the power consumption of the system. Devising appropriate po w e r consumption reduction techniques for an application becomes possible only with a correct knowledge of the amount of power consumed by different modules of the system. This work presents the design and development of a prototype module for power consumption measurement which could be used on core level of a system. The main objective the work includes power measurement of the processor core while executing different application tasks and impact of supply voltage and operating frequency on power consumption measurement.
Understanding Failure and Improving Treatment Using HDAC Inhibitors for Prostate Cancer (2020)

Novel treatment regimens are required for castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPCs) that become unresponsive to standard treatments, such as docetaxel and enzalutamide. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors showed promising results in hematological malignancies, but they failed in solid tumors such as prostate cancer, despite the overexpression of HDACs in CRPC. Four HDAC inhibitors, vorinostat, pracinostat, panobinostat and romidepsin, underwent phase II clinical trials for prostate cancers; however, phase III trials were not recommended due to a majority of patients exhibiting either toxicity or disease progression. In this review, the pharmacodynamic reasons for the failure of HDAC inhibitors were assessed and placed in the context of the advancements in the understanding of CRPCs, HDACs and resistance mechanisms. The review focuses on three themes: evolution of androgen receptor-negative prostate cancers, development of resistance mechanisms and differential effects of HDACs. In conclusion, advancements can be made in this field by characterizing HDACs in prostate tumors more extensively, as this will allow more specific drugs catering to the specific HDAC subtypes to be designed.
Human trafficking: Germany only average when it comes to protecting victims (2012)

According to the United Nations, over 2.45 million people are victims of human trafficking, and the number of unrecorded cases is also believed to be significant. Therefore, many countries have increased their efforts to combat trafficking and to protect the victims. DIW Berlin recently updated the 3P Anti-Trafficking Policy Index which facilitates an international comparison of government policy efforts in three areas: prosecution, (victim) protection, and prevention. The update of the Index now covers the period from 2000 to 2011. On a worldwide scale, countries have generally shown high commitment towards implementing prosecution policies, and the most significant improvements have been observed in preventive efforts. However, many countries fail to ensure the protection of trafficking victims. By international standards, Germany performs well when it comes to prevention and prosecution. However, it has failed to protect the victims of trafficking and, over the past year, this situation has further deteriorated.
The Epidemiology of Onchocerciasis and the Long Term Impact of Existing Control Strategies on this Infection (2005)

Onchocerciasis is a disease of great public health importance in Africa. Due to the long life span of the adult worms and the absence of a safe macrofilaricidal drug, long-lasting control programs are needed. Although onchocerciasis was successfully controlled in West Africa by vector control, the current strategy is the interruption of transmission by community-based ivermectin treatment. This microfilaricidal drug can reduce morbidity significantly, but cannot clear infection in most parts of Africa. The long term impact of ivermectin in control programs is dependent on persistent elimination of microfilariae from their human reservoir. Supportive measures are required to ensure the success of the current control efforts.
Enzymatic Biodegradation of Poly(ethylene oxide-<i>b</i>-ε-caprolactone) Diblock Copolymer and Its Potential Biomedical Applications (1999)

Water-insoluble poly(ethylene oxide-b-ε-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) diblock copolymer (Mw = 1.71 × 104 g/mol and WPEO = 20%) was successfully micronized into small polymeric core−shell nanoparticles (micelles) stable in water via a microphase inversion method. Such formed PEO-b-PCL nanoparticles are biodegradable in the presence of Lipase PS (enzyme). The biodegradation of the PEO-b-PCL nanoparticles, actually, only the hydrophobic PCL core, was monitored by laser light scattering. The biodegradation extent could be influenced by both the copolymer and enzyme concentrations, while the biodegradation rate was mainly determined by the enzyme concentration. Using pyrene as an imitative drug and fluorescence spectroscopy, we have shown that hydrophobic drugs can be easily loaded into the PCL core in the micronization process, and the biodegradation of the PCL block results in the dissolution of the nanoparticles and the releasing of pyrene molecules because the PEO block is soluble in water. The potential biomedical application of the PEO-b-PCL nanoparticles as a controlled release device has been demonstrated.
Workload models of VBR video traffic and their use in resource allocation policies (1999)

The load generated by new types of communications services related to multimedia and video transmission is becoming one of the major sources of traffic in WAN networks. Modeling this type of load is a prerequisite for any performance study. We approach the load-characterization problem from a global point of view by analyzing a set of 20 video streams. We developed resource-, subject-, and scene-oriented characterizations of coded video streams. We have also implemented multidimensional data-analysis techniques and applied a "scene working set" approach, as well as static and dynamic video traffic models. We show that the behavior of a video sequence can be predicted with high accuracy by applying the scene working set technique. Applications of this technique for predicting bandwidth demands and allocating buffers in an ATM switch are also described in this study.
Hydrostatic pumps and motors. Hydrostatische Pumpen und Motoren; Konstruktion und Berechnung (1993)

Hydrostatic driving systems are to be found in almost all fields of engineering today. The advantages of motions executed fluidically lie in the accuracy, the control characteristics and the transmission of great forces and torque with maximum power density. In addition, new potential applications are opened up by the integration of electronics and microelectronics into hydrostatic components and systems. The work at hand is concerned in detail with the construction and computation of hydrostatic pumps and engines. It addresses students of mechanical engineering, engineers and designers, technicians and all those who would like to keep specifically informed about hydrostatic machines. It provides knowledge of the mode of operation of hydrostatic pumps and engines, in addition, knowledge for designing and constructing displacement machines using modern computation methods and design methods. (orig.)
TiO2 Decorated Sand Grains for Photodegradation of Pollutants: Methylene Blue and Ciprofloxacin Study (2019)

This study shows a preparation and evaluation of a new non-expensive TiO 2 based photocatalyst built over sand grains surfaces as an alternative green technology for water treatment. The semiconductor covalently bonded to the silica sand grains (sand@TiO 2 ) prepared by hydrolysis of isopropoxide orthotitane over sand grains, showed a high surface area 296 m 2 g -1 and a high reaction rate for methylene blue (MB) photodegradation (0.064 min -1 ), on steady state condition by using 3 g of sand@TiO 2 and an MB solution (20 mL, 3 10 -5 mol L -1 ) or ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP) solution (20 mL, 1.9 10 -3 mol L -1 ). Under UV irradiation with a medium pressure Hg lamp, the total MB removal reached 70% after 7 min and 45% for CIP in 60 min. Further, the photocatalyst showed to be a promising reusable material for removal of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride antibiotic (CIP) on wastewater. This new material appears as a new promising low cost and low impact reusable catalyst for water treatment.
Heart rate variability (1990)

Reduced heart rate variability carries an adverse prognosis in patients who have survived an acute myocardial infarction. This article reviews the physiology, technical problems of assessment, and clinical relevance of heart rate variability. The sympathovagal influence and the clinical assessment of heart rate variability are discussed. Methods measuring heart rate variability are classified into four groups, and the advantages and disadvantages of each group are described. Concentration is on risk stratification of postmyocardial infarction patients. The evidence suggests that heart rate variability is the single most important predictor of those patients who are at high risk of sudden death or serious ventricular arrhythmias.
The effect of protein-free versus protein-containing medium on the mechanical properties and uptake of ions of PVA/PVP hydrogels (2005)

The effect of two simulated biological environments (protein-free and protein-containing) on ion uptake and physical properties of PVA/PVP hydrogels were explored in this work. It was found that over the immersion period in both media, wet mass of the hydrogels decreased and compressive moduli increased, likely due to increased polymer content with water loss as the hydrogels equilibrated with water. These changes were independent of polymer content and immersion medium. However, dry mass of the hydrogels increased dramatically when immersed in protein-free medium, changing only moderately in protein-containing medium. The increase in dry mass was attributed to ion uptake from immersion medium, as confirmed by EDXA. We postulate that differences between ion uptake in protein-free versus protein-containing medium is likely the result of serum proteins in the protein-containing medium adsorbing to the surface, inhibiting transport of ions into the hydrogel.
Linear Analogues of Human β‐Defensin 3: Concepts for Design of Antimicrobial Peptides with Reduced Cytotoxicity to Mammalian Cells (2008)

A series of engineered linear analogues [coded as F6, W6, Y6, A6, S6 and C(Acm)6] were modeled, designed, synthesized and structurally characterized by mass spectra, circular dichroism, hydrophobicity analysis and molecular modeling. We have screened antimicrobial activity, hemolysis to rabbit erythrocytes, and cytotoxicity to human conjunctival epithelial cells. No significant hemolytic effect was observed for hBD3 or from five of the six analogues [F6, Y6, A6, S6 and C(Acm)6] over the range of 3-100 microg mL(-1). The six linear analogues have reduced cytotoxicity to human conjunctival epithelial cells over the range of 6-100 microg mL(-1) compared to hBD3. By tuning the overall hydrophobicity of linear hBD3 analogues, reduced cytotoxicity and hemolysis were obtained while preserving the antimicrobial properties. The decreased cytotoxicity of the linear analogues is suggested to be structurally related to the removal of disulfide bridges, and the flexible structure of the linear forms, which seem to be associated with loss of secondary structure. These results suggest a new approach for guiding the design of new linear analogues of defensin peptides with strong antibiotic properties and reduced cytotoxicity to mammalian cells.
Capacitor test simulation of retention and imprint characteristics for ferroelectric memory operation (1997)

Abstract Ferroelectric memory devices are subject to failure due to both a simple loss of retention or due to imprint. The difference between retention and imprint as described here depends on the test history of the device. A pulsed capacitor test has been devised to simulate the signal available to a typical memory cell after time and temperature stress. The test sequence consists of individual pulses used to compare the switched component to the non-switched component with the difference being the signal available for memory operation. It has been found that this signal when plotted versus log time for a fixed bake temperature stress produces a straight line.
A Hierarchical Automatic Stopping Condition for Monte Carlo Global Illumination (2010)

An example sequence of blocks. Initially large blocks (shown in saturated colors) are recursively re-fined and terminated individually as the image converges. Note that complex areas in the image, where indirect illumination dominates the appearance (e.g. the ceiling), are detected and refined by the algorithm. We introduce a hierarchical image-space method to robustly terminate computations in Monte Carlo image synthe-sis, independent of image resolution. The technique consists of a robust convergence measure on blocks which are either recursively subdivided or terminated independently, using a criterion which separates signal and noise based on integral estimates from two separate sample sets. The technique can be easily implemented, as the evaluation of the error measure only requires a second framebuffer and a list of non-terminated blocks. Based on the stopping criterion, one can furthermore sample both the image plane as well as the light sources adaptively. Adaptive sam-pling reduces the number of samples required to gain the same root mean square error to one quarter in some of our test cases.
RG: A Case-Study for Aspectoriented Programming (1997)

This paper presents a case-study of how this limitation of OOP was overcome using aspect-oriented programming techniques, such that the performance problems were adequately addressed without compromising the original OOP architecture of the system.
Performance of MIMO with Frequency Domain Packet Scheduling in UTRAN LTE Downlink (2007)

This paper addresses the performance of spatial division multiplexing (SDM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques together with frequency domain packet scheduling (FDPS) based on UTRAN long term evolution (LTE) downlink. Two SDM concepts currently considered in 3GPP are the single-user (SU-) and the multi-user (MU-) MIMO. For MU-MIMO, multiple users can be scheduled on different streams on the same time-frequency resource, while SU-MIMO restricts one time-frequency resource to a single user. Both concepts are analyzed against the 1times2 maximal ratio combining (MRC) case, using the proportional fair (PF) criterion extended to frequency and spatial domains. The realistic finite buffer best effort traffic model is used in the study. Results show that in the macrocell scenario, the combination of FDPS and SDM (SDM-FDPS) without preceding achieves only marginal gain in cell throughput, due to limited SINR dynamic range. The gain is increased to around 20% when precoding is applied. In the micro-cell scenario, the gain of SDM-FDPS over the reference scheme is increased up to 35% with precoding.
p63 Expression Defines a Lethal Subset of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancers (2012)

Our data confirm that molecular markers of EMT are elevated in muscle-invasive bladder cancers, but interestingly, retention of the "epithelial" marker p63 in muscle-invasive tumors is associated with a worse outcome.
<title>Deicing of helicopter blades using piezoelectric actuators</title> (2000)

Deicing of fixed wing aircraft and rotor craft that fly; at lower altitudes has been an area of research interest for many decades. The currently available solutions, though functional, are economically or environmentally inefficient. Some military helicopters have electrical deicing system for rotor blades that use up to 12 kW of power to achieve all weather shear horizontal waves at the ice-substrate interface is proposed. Experiments were carried out using PZT-5A and PZT-8 shear plate actuators bonded to an aluminum plate. A low-temperature chamber was constructed for this purpose. The results indicate that the PZT-8 actuators were able to deice the aluminum plate melting the ice at the interface. Results are presented in the form of tabular data and digital photographs taken of the melting process. The deicing mechanism is discussed.
GaAs AND Alo.2Ga0.8As SOLAR CELLS WITH AN INDIRECT-BANDGAP Alo.8Gao.2As EMITER - HETEROJUNCTION CELLS (1994)

In this work, we first present a high-performance p+ AI,,,Ga, ,As - n GaAs heterojunction (HJ) cell, where the conventional p+GaAs emitter has been replaced by a p+A1,,8Ga,,As hetero-emitter. The total thickness of the p+ AI,,,Ga,,,As hetero-emitter is about 0.1 pm, about twice that of window-layer thickness in conventional GaAs homojunction cells. The NREL-measured AMI .5G data on such a GaAs HJ cell include a V, of 1.029 Volts, a J,, of 25.4 mA/cm2, a fill-factor of 0.8279, and a total-area q of 21.6%. The relatively high Va: of the cell indicates no deleterious effect in placing the Alo.,GaO,,As-GaAs hetero-interface in the depletion layer. For a given set of n-GaAs base and back-surface field layer, this HJ cell has exhibited superior blue performance compared to a conventional GaAs homojunction cell (p+GaAs emitter of 0.2-pm-thickness and doped to about 2 x lot8 ~m-~). Second, we describe a high-performance n+ AI,,,Ga,,,As- AI,,,Ga,,,As HJ cell, where the conventional n+ AI,~,Ga,,As emitter has been replaced by a n+ AI,.,Ga,,As hetero-emitter. This HJ cell has helped us to obtain a significant and reproducible improvement in the cell performance (AM1.5, q=l8.1%) over conventional AI,,,Ga,,As homojunction cells (AM1.5, q=l1 .I Yo). This AI,.,Ga,,As HJ cell indicates a 42% improvement in J,,, a V, increase of almost 110 mV, and an improved fill-factor, compared to homojunction cells. The improved J, is a result of higher blue-response and an enhanced red-response. The saturation dark current density is not only lower in the HJ diodes but also consistent across the wafer, thus explaining both the higher V, and the reproducibility of performance of the AI,.,Ga, ,As HJ cells.
Prevention of Catheter Infection of Urine in Female Patients (1962)

Recently, the wireless thermologger system was developed. It consists of a wireless logger and the attached computer system. The wireless logger has a wireless structure and can be placed anywhere in the sterilizer chamber for thermometry. In the present study, thermal evaluations were performed twice using the wireless thermologger system in the sterilizer chamber of the prevacuum autoclave unequipped with sensor ports when it failed to pass the Bowie-Dick test and underwent mechanical repairs. Thermometry was performed when the Bowie-Dick test cycle was operated. The heat up time was measured in the range of 120.0-134.0 °C. The F<sub>0</sub> value was calculated with the reference temperature at 121.0 °C and Z value at 10 °C when the sterilization temperature was over 120.0 °C. The first thermal evaluation was performed after three air-leaking points were repaired along with the replacement of the vacuum pump and the thermosensor. It revealed that the heat-up time was 4 min and 42 s and the F<sub>0</sub> value was 137.5. After the temperature control systems were adjusted using the process calibrator in the prevacuum autoclave, the second thermal evaluation revealed that the heat up time was 2 mins 1 s and the F<sub>0</sub> value was 102.7. The present study suggests that the wireless thermologger system is useful in the management of the autoclave unequipped with sensor ports when it undergoes mechanical repairs.
Effects of different prebonding cleaning procedures on the buried oxides of bond-and-etchback silicon-on-insulator materials (1995)

Chemical element distributions and electrical properties of metal-oxide-semiconductor devices made of bond-and-etchback silicon-on-insulator materials were investigated. The buried oxide functioned as the gate dielectric for the metal-oxide-semiconductor devices. Three groups of devices with different bonded interface locations and prebonding cleaning procedures were made. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy revealed that bonded oxides cleaned using an RCA clean before contacting had a higher concentration of hydrogen at the bonded interface compared to devices rinsed in deionized water only. The RCA cleaned devices were also more sensitive to bias-temperature stress and charge injection by internal photoemission. Finally, partial etchback of the bonded oxides of RCA cleaned devices made the top oxide crack at several locations
Ethnic Foodscapes: Foreign Cuisines in the United States (2017)

Existing scholarship on consumption has focused on how purchasing patterns vary by age, race, and socioeconomic status. This article opens a new perspective by asking how consumption is distributed geographically and how these patterns are associated with neighborhood characteristics. This paper departs from previous studies of consumption by concentrating on not just what is consumed but where. Merging data from Google Places with demographic data from the American Consumer Survey produced a data-set with occupations, ethnic composition, and incomes of neighborhood residents as well as the number and type of ethnic restaurants. Census tracts with high percentages of professionals and highly educated residents have a greater diversity of restaurant genres, whereas wealthier census tracts have less diversity. The share of residents in knowledge-intensive jobs impacts the number of ethnic cuisines in a census tract. So does the immigrant population, but this association takes on different forms for three types of cuisines: destination, popular, and enclave. Traditionally sophisticated destination cuisines, like French and Japanese, thrive in elite neighborhoods independent of ethnic composition and income. Mexican and Chinese restaurants are popular in all sorts of neighborhoods, almost independent of ethnic composition, while more exotic cuisines, like Vietnamese and Cuban, remain largely confined to immigrant enclaves.