gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL ANALGESICS, IX: SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL TEST OF SUBSTITUTED N‐(PIPERIDIN‐4‐YL)ANTHRANILIC ACID DERIVATIVES (1979)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von N‐Aryla1kylpiperidin‐4‐onen mit Anthranilsäure unter Wasserabscheidung (Katalysator: p‐Toluolsulfonsäure oder Zinkchlorid) und anschließende Reduktion mit NaBH 4 werden die Verbindungen (I) synthetisiert.
Identification and subcellular localization of a new cystinosin isoform (2008)

Nephropathic cystinosis is a lysosomal disorder caused by functional defects of cystinosin, which mediates cystine efflux into the cytosol. The protein sequence contains at least two signals that target the protein to the lysosomal compartment, one of which is located at the carboxy terminal tail (GYDQL). We have isolated from a human kidney cDNA library a cystinosin isoform, which is generated by an alternative splicing of exon 12 that removes the GYDQL motif. Based on its last three amino acids, we have termed this protein cystinosin-LKG. Contrary to the lysosomal cystinosin isoform, expression experiments performed by transient transfection of green fluorescent protein fusion plasmids in HK2 cells showed that cystinosin-LKG is expressed in the plasma membrane, in lysosomes, and in other cytosolic structures. This subcellular localization of the protein was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, immunogold labeling was observed in the endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus. Expression of the protein in renal tubular structures was also directly demonstrated by immunostaining of normal human kidney sections. The plasma membrane localization of cystinosin-LKG was directly tested by [(35)S]cystine flux experiments in COS-1 cells. In the presence of a proton gradient, a marked enhancement of intracellular cystine transport was observed in cells overexpressing this isoform. These data indicate that the expression of the gene products encoded by the CTNS gene is not restricted to the lysosomal compartment. These finding may help elucidate the mechanisms of cell dysfunction in this disorder.
Collagen: Applications of a Natural Polymer in Regenerative Medicine (2011)

Collagen is a naturally occurring matrix polymer which is highly conserved across species. It is the predominant extra-cellular matrix component of most connective tissues within the mammalian body, comprising one third of all protein found within tissues. Collagens are extracellular and have a mainly structural role. Critical parameters including density, packing and orientation (or direction) results in distinctively varying mechanical properties in tissues such as bone, skin, tendon and cartilage. In connective tissue lost to trauma or disease, replacement tissue strategies, have to consider mechanical implications. Synthetic polymers can be designed to have the mechanical integrity of the native structure to be replaced but eventually this will be degraded and replaced by the host. The major target protein that will be replaced in connective tissues is collagen. The other alternative is to start with collagen as a natural polymer substrate and tailor its mechanical properties in vitro. Given the critical role this protein plays in tissue structure there have been and continue to be efforts into extracting this protein, reforming 3D scaffolds for tissue engineering as well as controlling density and direction parameters to form tissues in vitro. The main difference in the building of bulk tissues is the cell-rich or matrix-rich nature of the tissue being engineered. Where the matrix dominates a tissue, the mechanical properties of the matrix are critical, i.e in connective tissue. In tendon for example, the alignment of collagen fibrils along the principle axis of strain application, and the nature of a ‘dual’ size of fibril diameters, provides incredible strength to this tissue. Compared directly to a tissue like dermis, where collagen is interlocked in a basket-weave formation with elastin to provide tensile strength in multiple axis to ensure stretching of this tissue does not compromise its integrity. Thus, when engineering tissues in vitro, technologies and processing to control parameters of collagen architecture have been developed to mimic those found in tissues in situ. This field of controlled processing is growing, as the sophistication of methods employed to create biomimetic scaffolds advances. Type I collagen scaffolds are widely used in clinical practice and the collagen for these materials are generally obtained either from cultured cells or extracted from native tissues. Extraction encompasses the entire range from decellularisation of collageneous tissues preserving the native architecture to the complete break down into collagen molecules which can later be reconstituted into their native fibrillar structure. One of the most common
Review of Lidocaine/Tetracaine Cream as a Topical Anesthetic for Dermatologic Laser Procedures (2013)

There are multiple different topical anesthetic options available to minimize the pain associated with cosmetic dermatologic procedures. These options, either alone or in combination, have diverse profiles for effectiveness, ease of use, application time, need for occlusion, and side effects. The lidocaine/tetracaine cream (Pliaglis(®), Galderma Laboratories, Texas, USA), one of the newer combination options, offers effective pain alleviation that has been evaluated in numerous clinical trials. This combination anesthetic is associated with a very favorable profile because of its ease of use and mild side effects compared to other topical local anesthetics. An overview of available topical local anesthetics will be provided with an outline of clinical study characteristics and results regarding the use of lidocaine/tetracaine cream.
Decoupling Motor Memory Strategies: Effects of Sleep Deprivation and Amphetamine (1994)

The purpose of this study was to examine motor memory strategies using sleep deprivation as a probe. Eighteen healthy men participated in a three-day study in which they underwent repeated testing on a kinesthetic arm position replication task. On the morning of Day 3, after approximately 48 hr sleep deprivation, they ingested either 20 mg d-amphetamine or placebo. Results showed that throughout Day 3 performance remained relatively unimpaired at medial positions for both groups. For positions shifted 25 degrees laterally, accuracy was also relatively unimpaired for the amphetamine group but was compromised for the placebo group. It was concluded that sleep deprivation-induced decrements in positioning ability were due to disruption of kinesthetic memory, a narrowing of attention, or both. Kinesthetic feedback, and encoding and retrieval processes of the spatial reference system were preserved.
From anchorage dependent proliferation to survival: Lessons from redox signalling (2008)

Anchorage to extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for the execution of the mitotic program of nontransformed cells as they need simultaneous signals starting from mitogenic molecules, as growth factors (GFs), and adhesive agents belonging to ECM. Reactive oxygen species play a key function during both GF and integrin receptor signalling and are therefore recognised to have a synergistic function with several others transducers for anchorage-dependent growth (ADG). Indeed, redox-regulated proteins include protein tyrosine phosphatases, protein tyrosine kinases, small GTPases, cytoskeleton proteins, as well as several transcription factors. In this review, we focus on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as key second messengers granting a proper executed mitosis for anchorage-dependent cells through redox regulation of several downstream targets. Besides, redox signals elicited by ECM contact assure a protection from anoikis, a specific apoptosis induced by lack of anchorage. Cancer cells frequently show a deregulation of ROS production and a constitutive oxidative stress has been associated to the achievement of an invasive phenotype. Hence, in cancer cells, the constitutive deregulation of both mitogenic and survival pathways, likely mimicking autocrine/adhesive signals, helps to guide the transformed cells to escape the innate apoptotic response to abolish the signals started by cell/ECM contact, thus sustaining the spreading of anchorage-independent cancer cells and the metastases growth.
Switcherland: a QoS communication architecture for workstation clusters (1998)

Computer systems have become powerful enough to process continuous data streams such as video or animated graphics. While processing power and communication bandwidth of today's systems typically are sufficient, quality of service (QoS) guarantees as required for handling such data types cannot be provided by these systems in adequate ways.We present Switcherland, a scalable communication architecture based on crossbar switches that provides QoS guarantees for workstation clusters in the form of reserved bandwidth and bounded transmission delays. Similar to the ATM technology Switcherland provides QoS guarantees with the help of service classes, that is, data transfers are characterized as variable bit rate traffic or constant bit rate traffic. However, unlike LAN technologies, Switcherland is optimized for cluster computing in that (i) it serves as a backplane interconnection fabric as well as a LAN, (ii) it extends support for service classes by also covering the end nodes of the network, (iii) it provides low latency in the order of one microsecond per switch, and (iv) it uses a communication model based on a global memory to simplify programming.
Control of the Mg doping profile in III-N light-emitting diodes and its effect on the electroluminescence efficiency (2005)

The influence of the Mg doping profile on the electroluminescence (EL) efficiency of (AlGaIn)N quantum well (QW) light-emitting diodes, grown by low-pressure metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy on sapphire, has been investigated. The actual Mg profile close to the active region was found to be influenced by segregation as well as by diffusion during growth. In a first experiment, diffusion of the Mg dopants towards the QW region through a not intentionally doped narrow GaN spacer layer, separating the topmost GaInN quantum well from the AlGaN:Mg electron-blocking barrier, was controlled by the growth temperature of the AlGaN:Mg barrier and GaN:Mg contact layer. Starting from low growth temperatures, an increase in Mg concentration close to the active region results in an improved hole injection and thus increased EL efficiency. However, for a too high growth temperature, an excessive spread of the Mg atoms into the active region leads to nonradiative recombination in the QW active region and thus a reduction in EL output. In a second experiment, identical structures were prepared with the Mg-doped (Al)GaN layers grown at lower temperature to minimize Mg diffusion. Instead, the nominal Mg doping level in the GaN spacer layer was varied systematically. Secondary-ion-mass spectrometry revealed that almost identical Mg doping profiles close the QW active region, and in turn very similar EL efficiencies, can be achieved by both approaches when appropriate growth parameters are used.
Adhesion enhancement of polymer surfaces by atmospheric plasma treatment (2001)

An atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasma (APNEP) developed in the UK by EA Technology Ltd is currently being investigated in collaboration with the University of Surrey. Of the many applications of surface modification that can be induced using plasmas, adhesion enhancement is one of the most commercially important. In this paper, we illustrate the use of an atmospheric plasma to enhance the adhesion characteristics of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The polymers were treated in the remote afterglow region of an atmospheric pressure plasma to avoid the thermal effects that can cause degradation for thermally sensitive materials when placed in direct contact with the plasma. Reactive (oxygen containing) and inert (oxygen free) atmospheric plasmas rapidly impart adhesion enhancement by a factor of two to ten as measured by 180° peel tests. However, extended exposure to the atmospheric plasma does not impart additional adhesion enhancement as the surface is ablated revealing the underlying polymer with poor adhesive characteristics. In contrast, vacuum plasma treated LDPE and PET show increased adhesion with extended plasma treatment. An adhesion enhancement in excess of two to three orders of magnitude was found to be achievable for vacuum plasma treatment times greater than 10 min.
New Vesicle−Polymer Hybrids:  The Parachute Architecture (1997)

The influence of organized media on polymerization reactions results in many cases in interesting morphologies of the polymeric material. In the present study, vesicle bilayers were used as ordered medium for the free radical polymerization of styrene. Cryo-electron microscopy gives evidence that the polymerization induces phase-separation phenomena leading to parachute-like morphologies. On the basis of general knowledge about vesicles and polymerizations in heterogeneous media, explanations for the observed phenomena are given. Bearing in mind that vesicles are outstanding models for membrane mimetic chemistry, it becomes evident that these findings can be relevant to the investigation of, for example, membrane−protein interactions.
Proton implanted VCSEL's for 3 Gb/s data links (1995)

Transverse single-mode and multimode intensity modulated butt-coupled InGaAs vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL)s are investigated as a light source for optical fiber communication systems. Data transmission at 3 Gb/s with a bit error rate (BER) of less than 10/sup -11/ is reported for both 4.3 km of standard fiber, as well as 0.5 km of multimode graded-index fiber, 10-μm active diameter single-mode VCSELs are shown to have lower mode competition noise requiring 3 dB and 6 dB less power at the front end receiver at a BER of 10/sup -11/ compared to 19-μm and 50-μm active diameter devices, respectively. In data transmission with multimode VCSELs, the dispersion penalty is lower than for single-mode sources since the noise at the receiver is mainly determined by transmitter-mode competition noise.
Removing background phase variations in susceptibility‐weighted imaging using a fast, forward‐field calculation (2009)

The Fourier transform-based field estimation method is a powerful 3D background phase removal method for improving SWI images, providing clearer images of the forebrain and the midbrain regions.
UPS: Small sorts configuration module (2009)

The objective of this project with United Parcel Service, UPS, is to design a small sort configuration module, which is expected to maximize handles saved. ldquoMaximizing handles savedrdquo is defined by UPS as the minimization of the number of times a worker in the small sort packaging area has to handle each package. Based on the historical data which UPS has given us, we had a very specific direction for the design of the module. The modeling tool is being created in Excel and will have levels of user input to determine how the model will sort the packages by destination. The simulation is being created in Arena and has the purpose of giving a general understanding of the time taken to sort packages. The gain for UPS from these two deliverables will be a better understanding of their entire system and why certain decisions are being made.
Packaging and Irradiation Effects on Lipid Oxidation and Volatiles in Pork Patties (1998)

ABSTRACT Raw‐meat patties were prepared from three pork muscles, irradiated in different packaging environments, and stored for 0 or 3 days before cooking. Lipid oxidation by‐products were formed in the raw meat during storage and the baseline lipid oxidation data of raw meat was used to measure the progression of lipid oxidation after cooking. Thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) and volatiles data indicated that preventing oxygen exposure after cooking was more important for cooked meat quality than packaging, irradiation, or storage conditions of raw meat. Propanal, pentanal, hexanal, 1 ‐pentanol, and total volatiles correlated highly (P < 0.01) with TBARS values of cooked meat. Hexanal and total volatiles represented the lipid oxidation status better than any other individual volatile components.
IL-6 is an antiinflammatory cytokine required for controlling local or systemic acute inflammatory responses. (1998)

IL-6 is induced often together with the proinflammatory cytokines TNFalpha and IL-1 in many alarm conditions, and circulating IL-6 plays an important role in the induction of acute phase reactions. However, whether this endogenous IL-6 plays any additional pro- or antiinflammatory roles in local or systemic responses remains unclear. In this study, the role of IL-6 in acute inflammatory responses was investigated in animal models of endotoxic lung or endotoxemia by using IL-6+/+ and IL-6-/- mice. Aerosol exposure of endotoxin induced increased IL-6 and proinflammatory cytokines TNFalpha and MIP-2 and a neutrophilic response in the lung of IL-6+/+ mice. However, the levels of TNFalpha and MIP-2 and neutrophilia were significantly higher in the lung of IL-6-/- mice. The rate of neutrophil apoptosis in these mice was similar to that in IL-6+/+ mice. A low constitutive level of antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10 was not enhanced by endotoxin and remained similar in the lung in both IL-6+/+ and IL-6-/- mice. Systemically, intraperitoneal delivery of endotoxin resulted in much more pronounced circulating levels of TNFalpha, MIP-2, GM-CSF, and IFNgamma in IL-6-/- mice than in IL-6+/+ mice, and administration of recombinant IL-6 to IL-6-/- mice abolished these differences. In contrast, circulating IL-10 levels were induced to a similar degree in both IL-6+/+ and IL-6-/- mice. Thus, our studies reveal that endogenous IL-6 plays a crucial antiinflammatory role in both local and systemic acute inflammatory responses by controlling the level of proinflammatory, but not antiinflammatory, cytokines, and that these antiinflammatory activities by IL-6 cannot be compensated for by IL-10 or other IL-6 family members.
A Combinatorial Approach toward the Discovery of Non-Peptide, Subtype-Selective Somatostatin Receptor Ligands (1999)

The tetradecapeptide somatostatin is widely distributed throughout the body and is thought to be involved with a variety of regulatory functions. Recently, five human somatostatin receptors (hSSTR1-5) have been cloned and characterized. Several selective peptidal agonists of the hSSTR receptors are known, and we sought to apply this information to the design of novel non-peptide small molecule ligands for each receptor. Initial computational methods identified a 200 nM murine SSTR2 active compound via a database search of our sample collection. A combinatorial library was designed around the structural class of the compound with the goal of rapidly developing this initial lead into the desired subtype-selective small molecules in order to characterize the pharmacology of each of the receptor subtypes. The library was synthesized using the resin-archive, iterative deconvolution format. The total number of unique compounds in the library was expected to be 131,670, present in 79 mixtures of 1330 or 2660 compounds per mixture. Through sequences of screening and mixture deconvolution, the components of selective and highly active (Ki = 50 pM to 200 nM) non-peptide small molecule ligands for somatostatin subtypes 1, 2, 4, and 5 were identified. In addition to discovering compounds with the desired activity and selectivity, useful structure/activity information was generated which can be used in the design of new compounds and second-generation combinatorial libraries.
Using transistors to linearise biochemistry (2007)

A fundamental relationship exists between diffusion characteristics within semiconductors and Nernstian equilibrium in biological systems. In a transistor operating in weak inversion the potential difference between terminals governs electron concentration in an exponential way according to the Boltzmann distribution of charged particles while in a biochemical cell the potential difference across a membrane is governed by ionic concentration in a logarithmic way according to the Nernst equation. These two nonlinear physical phenomena form an interaction that potentially leads to linearisation and subsequent modelling of or interaction with biological systems by integrated semiconductor devices. To demonstrate the authors' hypothesis a silicon transistor-based biosensor is considered. This natural bridge between biochemistry and semiconductor silicon chips will enable the potential mass production of portable biochemical devices for the consumer market.
Tumor Cells Loaded with α-Galactosylceramide Induce Innate NKT and NK Cell-Dependent Resistance to Tumor Implantation in Mice (2007)

Dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) are known to be active APCs for the stimulation of innate NKT and NK cell responses in vivo. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of non-DCs to present alpha-GalCer in vitro and in vivo, particularly tumor cells loaded with alpha-GalCer (tumor/Gal). Even though the tumor cells lacked expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 costimulatory molecules, the i.v. injection of tumor/Gal resulted in IFN-gamma secretion by NKT and NK cells. These innate responses to tumor/Gal, including the induction of IL-12p70, were comparable to or better than alpha-GalCer-loaded DCs. B16 melanoma cells that were stably transduced to express higher levels of CD1d showed an increased capacity relative to wild-type B16 cells to present alpha-GalCer in vivo. Three different tumor cell lines, when loaded with alpha-GalCer, failed to establish tumors upon i.v. injection, and the mice survived for at least 6 mo. The resistance against tumor cells was independent of CD4 and CD8 T cells but dependent upon NKT and NK cells. Mice were protected from the development of metastases if the administration of live B16 tumor cells was followed 3 h or 3 days later by the injection of CD1d(high)-alpha-GalCer-loaded B16 tumor cells with or without irradiation. Taken together, these results indicate that tumor/Gal are effective APCs for innate NKT and NK cell responses, and that these innate immune responses are able to resist the establishment of metastases in vivo.
Medellín una expresión de la violencia nacional (2015)

La violencia en Colombia mirada a través de las muertes por homicidios es una epidemia nacional.Se piensa que ésta es sólo parte de la gran violencia en que convive el ciudadano colombiano y por ende el irrespeto a sus derechos consagrados en la Constitución Nacional.
An optimization based bidding process : a new framework for shipper-carrier relationships (1996)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1996.
Synthesis of corroles and related ring systems (1965)

Abstract Corroles have been prepared by the irradiation of basic solutions of 1,19-dideoxybiladienes-ac. Some physical and chemical properties of corroles are described including the formation of the aromatic corrole anions. Cyclization of the nickel derivative of a 1,19 dimethyl-1,19- dideoxybiladiene-ac gives a macrocylic compound (XXVII) containing angular methyl groups as substituents on the tetradehydroconin nucleus.
Unleashing Use-Before-Initialization Vulnerabilities in the Linux Kernel Using Targeted Stack Spraying (2017)

Author(s): Kangjie Lu, Marie-Therese Walter, David Pfaff, Stefan Nümberger, Wenke Lee, Michael Backes Download: Paper (PDF) Date: 27 Feb 2017 Document Type: Reports Additional Documents: Slides Video Associated Event: NDSS Symposium 2017 Abstract: A common type of memory error in the Linux kernel is using uninitialized variables (uninitialized use). Uninitialized uses not only cause undefined behaviors but … Continued