gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What the Cell “Sees” in Bionanoscience (2010)

What the biological cell, organ, or barrier actually "sees" when interacting with a nanoparticle dispersed in a biological medium likely matters more than the bare material properties of the particle itself. Typically the bare surface of the particle is covered by several biomolecules, including a select group of proteins drawn from the biological medium. Here, we apply several different methodologies, in a time-resolved manner, to follow the lifetime of such biomolecular "coronas" both in situ and isolated from the excess plasma. We find that such particle-biomolecule complexes can be physically isolated from the surrounding medium and studied in some detail, without altering their structure. For several nanomaterial types, we find that blood plasma-derived coronas are sufficiently long-lived that they, rather than the nanomaterial surface, are likely to be what the cell sees. From fundamental science to regulatory safety, current efforts to classify the biological impacts of nanomaterials (currently according to bare material type and bare surface properties) may be assisted by the methodology and understanding reported here.
Role of heparan sulfate as a tissue-specific regulator of FGF-4 and FGF receptor recognition (2001)

FGF signaling uses receptor tyrosine kinases that form high-affinity complexes with FGFs and heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans at the cell surface. It is hypothesized that assembly of these complexes requires simultaneous recognition of distinct sulfation patterns within the HS chain by FGF and the FGF receptor (FR), suggesting that tissue-specific HS synthesis may regulate FGF signaling. To address this, FGF-2 and FGF-4, and extracellular domain constructs of FR1-IIIc (FR1c) and FR2-IIIc (FR2c), were used to probe for tissue-specific HS in embryonic day 18 mouse embryos. Whereas FGF-2 binds HS ubiquitously, FGF-4 exhibits a restricted pattern, failing to bind HS in the heart and blood vessels and failing to activate signaling in mouse aortic endothelial cells. This suggests that FGF-4 seeks a specific HS sulfation pattern, distinct from that of FGF-2, which is not expressed in most vascular tissues. Additionally, whereas FR2c binds all FGF-4-HS complexes, FR1c fails to bind FGF-4-HS in most tissues, as well as in Raji-S1 cells expressing syndecan-1. Proliferation assays using BaF3 cells expressing either FR1c or FR2c support these results. This suggests that FGF and FR recognition of specific HS sulfation patterns is critical for the activation of FGF signaling, and that synthesis of these patterns is regulated during embryonic development.
Unraveling the Mechanisms of O<sub>2</sub> Activation by Size-Selected Gold Clusters: Transition from Superoxo to Peroxo Chemisorption (2012)

The activation of dioxygen is a key step in CO oxidation catalyzed by gold nanoparticles. It is known that small gold cluster anions with even-numbered atoms can molecularly chemisorb O(2) via one-electron transfer from Au(n)(-) to O(2), whereas clusters with odd-numbered atoms are inert toward O(2). Here we report spectroscopic evidence of two modes of O(2) activation by the small even-sized Au(n)(-) clusters: superoxo and peroxo chemisorption. Photoelectron spectroscopy of O(2)Au(8)(-) revealed two distinct isomers, which can be converted from one to the other depending on the reaction time. Ab initio calculations show that there are two close-lying molecular O(2)-chemisorbed isomers for O(2)Au(8)(-): the lower energy isomer involves a peroxo-type binding of O(2) onto Au(8)(-), while the superoxo chemisorption is a slightly higher energy isomer. The computed detachment transitions of the superoxo and peroxo species are in good agreement with the experimental observation. The current work shows that there is a superoxo to peroxo chemisorption transition of O(2) on gold clusters at Au(8)(-): O(2)Au(n)(-) (n = 2, 4, 6) involves superoxo binding and n = 10, 12, 14, 18 involves peroxo binding, whereas the superoxo binding re-emerges at n = 20 due to the high symmetry tetrahedral structure of Au(20), which has a very low electron affinity. Hence, the two-dimensional (2D) Au(8)(-) is the smallest anionic gold nanoparticle that prefers peroxo binding with O(2). At Au(12)(-), although both 2D and 3D isomers coexist in the cluster beam, the 3D isomer prefers the peroxo binding with O(2).
JOINING CITY HALL (1988)

California's Proposition 13 and Proposition 2½ in Massachusetts were warning signs to libraries that a new era of competition for public funds had begun. Since then, fiscal support of public libraries has been steadily declining; even the strength of urban libraries, which have generally gained the greatest support in the past, is being sapped by the major problem facing their host cities—an eroding tax base as first people and then businesses leave for the suburbs.
Surface appendages of bacterial spores (2006)

Bacilli and Clostridia generate dormant, highly resistant cells, called spores, in response to stress. Spores of many species are decorated by morphologically diverse structures of unknown function called appendages that have yet to be studied at the molecular level. In this issue, Walker et al. employ reverse genetics to identify genes encoding protein components of the ornate ribbon-like appendages of the spores of Clostridium taeniosporum. Their results reveal striking commonalities between these genes and those encoding outer structures in phylogenetically and taxonomically distinct spore-forming species. The insights gained from this work demonstrate the value of analysis of non-model spore formers.
Low Dark-Current Lateral Amorphous-Selenium Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Photodetector (2011)

We report a lateral amorphous-selenium (a-Se) metal–semiconductor–metal detector with a blocking contact. The blocking contact, a polyimide layer, is shown to significantly reduce the dark current even at high applied biases that result in high photo-current-to-dark-current ratios, thus leading to wide dynamic range and high signal-to-noise ratio. The use of the polyimide blocking contact prevents the injection of both holes and electrons and improves considerably upon the high dark current of previously reported lateral a-Se detectors. The proposed detector demonstrates the feasibility of low-cost lateral a-Se devices for indirect conversion digital X-ray imaging applications such as chest radiography, fluoroscopy, and computed tomography.
<title>Coupled thermal and nonlinear effects for beam propagation in anisotropic crystals</title> (1994)

The self-induced phase mismatches caused by nonuniform heating and heat dissipation and overall temperature rise in a nonlinear crystal reduce the efficiency and the beam qualities of nonlinear optical processes routinely used in uniaxial and biaxial crystals. As the crystal is heated, the phase-matching angle changes because of the dependence of refractive indices on temperature. A ray-optic measure of this effect is given by the acceptance temperature of the crystal. The induced thermal gradient leads to nonuniform, nonlinear conversion over the beams and to a nonuniform wavefront (phase) in the output beam. We have developed a model of the linear and nonlinear processes and a computational procedure for assessing the impact of these effects, including diffraction and depletion. The analytic method consists of the coupling of an optical beam propagation analysis with a themal analysis of the temperature gradients induced in the crystals. We examine three application examples: second- haromic generation in beta-barium-borate (BBO), three-wave mixing in lithium triborate (LBO), and SHG in LBO. Results have significance for experiment design in the development of high- average-power, frequency-agile laser systems. In laser beacon and illuminator applications, degradation in beam quality and conversion efficiency limit system scaling to increased average power. Our model can be used to quantify the design parameters for the input laser beam and the cooled crystal package for SHG or three-wave mixing.
Preparation of poly(2‐glucosyloxyethyl methacrylate)‐concanavalin A complex hydrogel and its glucose‐sensitivity (1996)

Abstract A glucose‐sensitive hydrogel was prepared by introducing concanavalin A (Con. A) into poly(2‐glucosyloxyethyl methacrylate) (poly(GEMA)) hydrogel. The decrease in swelling ratio and increase in crosslinking density by introduction of Con. A into the poly(GEMA) hydrogel indicate that the complexation introduces additional crosslinking points. The swelling of the hydrogel increased in the presence of glucose, and the swelling ratio was dependent on the glucose concentration. The glucose sensitivity of the hydrogel is attributable to the dissociation of the complex between poly(GEMA) and Con. A in the presence of glucose. Furthermore, the poly(GEMA)‐Con. A complex hydrogel was responsive to the kind of monosaccharide; its swelling ratio was changed by the presence of glucose or mannose, but not by the presence of galactose. The swelling properties of this hydrogel might be useful for the development of a glucose‐sensitive device.
Fentanyl transdermal system. Pain management at home. (1997)

Eighty percent of patients experienced good analgesia, which led to an overall improvement in their quality of life. Transdermal fentanyl was discontinued for 17% of patients due to intractable nausea, diarrhea, adherence problems, or poor analgesia. Many patients wore the system until they died or until a few days before death when severe increasing pain necessitated parenteral opioids. The side effects of transdermal fentanyl were similar to those of conventional opioids. Patient compliance and acceptance of this noninvasive, continuous system of drug delivery has been excellent; its simplicity of administration allows patients to be cared for at home.
Simpler and More Sensitive Immune Complex Transfer Enzyme Immunoassay for Anti-Htlv-I Igg Using Modified Polystyrene Beads, Microplates and Fluororeader (1995)

Abstract In the previous immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay for anti-HTLV-I IgG, the transfers of polystyrene beads in and out of test tube were handled with tweezers, and the bound β-D-galactosidase activity was measured with a fluorometer. The use of tweezers was considered the primary cause of false-positivity by carryover. Furthermore, the testing of many samples using a tweezer as a means of transfer was difficult. In the present immune complex transfer enzyme immunoassay, polystyrene beads were attached to plates through cylindrical bars and were used in microplate wells. Therefore, no tweezers were required. The bound β-D-galactosidase activity was measured with a fluororeader. This allowed the elimination of false-positivity due to carryover and made it easier to test many samples with higher sensitivity and reliability.
Hospital utilization of laboratory tests, procedures, and special therapies (1986)

One area ofhospice which would reflect both cost containment and integrity of palliative philosophy would be the volume of lab tests, procedures, and special therapies utilized. One major study found that in most areas, including utilization, there were no differences between hospice and non-hospice, and yet there is much in the literature about hospice savings due to diagnostic tests and life saving proceduresnot being done. The purpose of this study was to compare the utilization patterns betweenhospiceand non-hospice subjects in the same setting. It wasa retrospective study utilizing the medical records of hospice (n= 53) and non-hospice (n= 50) terminalcancer patients over a one year period. Though not randomized, it was found the two groups were closely matched by age, care days, number of subjects, and diagnosis. The hospice group had significantly less utilization (p .001) in all of the three categories being evaluated. The mean number of diagnostic tests for hospice patients was .94 and forthe non-hospice, 34.98. All ofthe non-hospice patients had at least one test performed while 75.5 percent of the hospice patients had no tests. Further studies are needed to define cost effectiveness, and others to compare level of utilization to quality of life.
Unified Architecture for Managing User Profiles (2006)

Most of ubiquitous applications use proprietary information source to make user’s profile. And these information sources are not inter-operable with other applications. We developed the unified architecture for managing user’s profiles which can provides integrated access to the various information source as a form of user’s profiles and provides unified method to obtain user’s profile for the application. Using proposed architecture, ubiquitous applications can be developed more easily, and newly developed service or sensor can be integrated into existing applications quickly.
Effect of reduced myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate expression on hippocampal mossy fiber development and spatial learning in mutant mice: Transgenic rescue and interactions with gene background (1998)

The myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) is a prominent protein kinase C (PKC) substrate in brain that is expressed highly in hippocampal granule cells and their axons, the mossy fibers. Here, we examined hippocampal infrapyramidal mossy fiber (IP-MF) limb length and spatial learning in heterozygous Macs mutant mice that exhibit an ≈50% reduction in MARCKS expression relative to wild-type controls. On a 129B6(N3) background, the Macs mutation produced IP-MF hyperplasia, a significant increase in hippocampal PKCɛ expression, and proficient spatial learning relative to wild-type controls. However, wild-type 129B6(N3) mice exhibited phenotypic characteristics resembling inbred 129Sv mice, including IP-MF hypoplasia relative to inbred C57BL/6J mice and impaired spatial-reversal learning, suggesting a significant contribution of 129Sv background genes to wild-type and possibly mutant phenotypes. Indeed, when these mice were backcrossed with inbred C57BL/6J mice for nine generations to reduce 129Sv background genes, the Macs mutation did not effect IP-MF length or hippocampal PKCɛ expression and impaired spatial learning relative to wild-type controls, which now showed proficient spatial learning. Moreover, in a different strain (B6SJL(N1), the Macs mutation also produced a significant impairment in spatial learning that was reversed by transgenic expression of MARCKS. Collectively, these data indicate that the heterozygous Macs mutation modifies the expression of linked 129Sv gene(s), affecting hippocampal mossy fiber development and spatial learning performance, and that MARCKS plays a significant role in spatial learning processes.
Multimode interference-based two-stage 1 /spl times/ 2 light splitter for compact photonic integrated circuits (2003)

A novel two-stage multimode interference 1 /spl times/ 2 light splitter is proposed and fabricated in indium phosphide. The new splitter design is shorter by as much as 50% than a standard multimode-interference light splitter with the same output waveguide spacing. It has low inherent loss of 0.29 dB, low excess loss of 1.5 dB over 80-nm range, and imbalance of less than 0.25 dB over 100 nm.
Cytoskeleton remodelling of confluent epithelial cells cultured on porous substrates (2015)

The impact of substrate topography on the morphological and mechanical properties of confluent MDCK-II cells cultured on porous substrates was scrutinized by means of various imaging techniques as well as atomic force microscopy comprising force volume and microrheology measurements. Regardless of the pore size, ranging from 450 to 5500 nm in diameter, cells were able to span the pores. They did not crawl into the holes or grow around the pores. Generally, we found that cells cultured on non-porous surfaces are stiffer, i.e. cortical tension rises from 0.1 to 0.3 mN m(-1), and less fluid than cells grown over pores. The mechanical data are corroborated by electron microscopy imaging showing more cytoskeletal filaments on flat samples in comparison to porous ones. By contrast, cellular compliance increases with pore size and cells display a more fluid-like behaviour on larger pores. Interestingly, cells on pores larger than 3500 nm produce thick actin bundles that bridge the pores and thereby strengthen the contact zone of the cells.
Malignant hyperthermia in a dog: Case report and review of the syndrome (1984)

Malignant hyperthermia occurred in an adult Greyhound 24 hours after narcotic anesthesia and surgery. Stress was considered the most likely cause. Treatment with dantrolene, in conjunction with cooling techniques and other symptomatic and supportive therapy, was successful.
Prospective Immunological Assessment of Arthritis Induced by Rubella Vaccine (1983)

A prospective study was carried out to correlate the development of joint symptoms after rubella immunization with pre- and post-immunization rubella-specific immunological responses. Arthralgia or arthritis or both occurred in 10 of 37 adult female volunteers at a mean time of 17.0 days after immunization with the RA 27/3 rubella vaccine. All individuals studied before immunization were seronegative for rubella by either the hemagglutination inhibition or the single radial hemolysis technique. In contrast, rubella enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or lymphoproliferative responses or both were positive in 27 of 37 (73%) individuals tested before receiving the vaccine. Rubella enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assays carried out before immunization were positive at high levels (mean E = 0.536) in four individuals who developed recurrent episodes of arthritis after administration of the vaccine while remaining at low levels preimmunization in subjects who developed transient arthralgia (E = 0.238) or no joint manifestations at all (E = 0.288). These data provide preliminary evidence suggesting that rubella vaccine-associated arthritis may occur as a consequence of secondary, rather than primary, infection with rubella virus and that the presence of circulating, nonneutralizing rubella antibody may enhance the development or severity (or both) of the associated postinfection joint manifestations. Assessment of rubella hemagglutination inhibition, hemagglutination inhibition (immunoglobulin M), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serological responses at 6 weeks and 6 months post-immunization revealed no significant differences between patients who developed and those who did not develop joint manifestations. Rubella lymphoproliferative responses were elevated at 6 weeks post-immunization in the group developing arthralgia or arthritis or both, with no difference between the groups observed at 6 months post-immunization.
Direct Photolabeling of the cGMP-stimulated Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase (1989)

cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE) has been directly photolabeled with [32P]cGMP using UV light. Sequence analysis of peptide fragments obtained from partial proteolysis or cyanogen bromide cleavage indicate that two different domains are labeled. One site, on a Mr = 36,000 chymotryptic fragment located near the COOH terminus, has characteristics consistent with it being close to or part of the catalytic site of the enzyme. This peptide contains a region of sequence that is highly conserved in all mammalian cyclic nucleotide PDEs and has been postulated to contain the catalytic domain of the enzyme. The other site, on a Mr = 28,000 cyanogen bromide cleavage fragment located near the middle of the molecule, probably makes up part of the allosteric site of the molecule. Labeling of the enzyme is concentration dependent and Scatchard analysis of labeling yields a biphasic plot with apparent half labeling concentrations of about 1 and 30 microM consistent with two types of sites being labeled. Limited proteolysis of the PDE by chymotrypsin yields five prominent fragments that separate by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) at Mr = 60,000, 57,000, 36,000, 21,000, and 17,000. Both the Mr = 60,000 and 57,000 apparently have blocked NH2 termini suggesting that the Mr = 57,000 fragment is a subfragment of the Mr = 60,000 fragment. Primary sequence analysis indicates that both the Mr = 21,000 and 17,000 fragments are subfragments of the Mr = 36,000 fragment. Autoradiographs of photolabeled then partially proteolyzed enzyme show labeled bands at Mr = 60,000, 57,000, and 36,000. Addition of 5 microM cAMP prior to photolabeling eliminates photolabeling of the Mr = 36,000 fragment but not the Mr = 60,000 or 57,000 fragments. The labeled site not blocked by cAMP is also contained in a Mr = 28,000 cyanogen bromide fragment of the enzyme that does not overlap with the Mr = 36,000 proteolytic fragment. Limited chymotryptic proteolysis also increases basal activity and eliminates cGMP stimulation of cAMP hydrolysis. The chymotryptic fragments can be separated by either ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or solid-phase monoclonal antibody treatment. A solid-phase monoclonal antibody against the cGMP-stimulated PDE removes the Mr = 60,000 and 57,000 labeled fragments and any intact, unproteolyzed protein but does not remove the Mr = 36,000 fragment or the majority of activity. Ion exchange HPLC separates the fragments into three peaks (I, II, and III). Peaks I and II contain activity of approximately 40 and 100 units/mg, respectively. Peak II is the undigested or slightly nicked native enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Design of built-in test generator circuits using width compression (1998)

We present a method for designing test generator circuits (TCCs) that incorporate a precomputed test set T/sub D/ in the patterns they produce. Our method uses width compression based on the property of d-compatibles as well as compatibles and inverse compatibles and does not require access to a gate-level model of the circuit under test. The TGC consists of a counter, which generates a set of encoded test patterns T/sub E/ and a decompression circuit, which consists of simple binary decoders that generate a final sequence containing T/sub D/. We show that partially specified test sets, i.e., those that contain a large number of don't-cares, lead to more efficient TGCs. These TGCs are applicable to embedded core circuits whose detailed designs are not available. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by presenting experimental results on width compression for the ISCAS'85 benchmark circuits and the full-scan versions of the ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits.
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Nrf2 Inducer Dimethyl Fumarate in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2020)

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represents debilitating conditions characterized by degeneration of neuronal cells in specific brain areas, causing disability and death in patients. In the pathophysiology of NDs, oxidative stress, apoptosis and neuroinflammation have a key role, as demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro models. Therefore, the use of molecules with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities represents a possible strategy for the treatment of NDs. Many studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of fumaric acid esters (FAEs) to counteract neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Among these molecules, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) showed a valid therapeutic approach to slow down neurodegeneration and relieve symptoms in patients with NDs. DMF is a methyl ester of fumaric acid and acts as modulator of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway as well as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) translocation. Therefore, this review aims to examine the potential beneficial effects of DMF to counteract oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with NDs.
Erratum: “Continuous liquid crystal pretilt control through textured substrates” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5556 (2004)] (2005)

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