gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Animal Biopolymer-Plant Biomass Composites: Synergism and Improved Sorption Efficiency (2020)

Pelletized biomaterial composites that contain chitosan (C) and torrefied wheat straw (S) at variable weight composition (C:S) were prepared using a facile blending process. The fractional content of the wheat straw was studied to elucidate the role of biomass on the pelletized product and effects of S-content on the physicochemical properties relevant to adsorption phenomena. Chitosan pellets (with and without S) were characterized by spectroscopic (FT-IR and 13C NMR) and thermal (TGA and DSC) techniques to provide support for their respective C:S composition. Confocal microscopy using fluorescein (FL) as a dye probe revealed the presence and an increase in the accessibility of the active sites for the composite pellets according to the S-content (wt %). Equilibrium and kinetic sorption studies using FL and reactive black (RB) dyes revealed an incremental adsorption affinity of the pellets with anionic dyes in variable charge states (FL and RB). The trend for dye adsorption parallels the incremental S-content (wt %) in the composite pellets. This study reports a first-example of a low-cost, facile, and sustainable approach for the valorization of straw and chitosan suitable for sorption-based applications in aqueous media.
The virtual haptic back for palpatory training (2004)

This paper discusses the Ohio University Virtual Haptic Back (VHB) project, including objectives, implementation, and initial evaluations. Haptics is the science of human tactile sensation and a haptic interface provides force and touch feedback to the user from virtual reality. Our multimodal VHB simulation combines high-fidelity computer graphics with haptic feedback and aural feedback to augment training in palpatory diagnosis in osteopathic medicine, plus related training applications in physical therapy, massage therapy, chiropractic therapy, and other tactile fields. We use the PHANToM haptic interface to provide position interactions by the trainee, with accompanying force feedback to simulate the back of a live human subject in real-time. Our simulation is intended to add a measurable, repeatable component of science to the art of palpatory diagnosis. Based on our experiences in the lab to date, we believe that haptics-augmented computer models have great potential for improving training in the future, for various tactile applications. Our main project goals are to: 1. Provide a novel tool for palpatory diagnosis training; and 2. Improve the state-of-the-art in haptics and graphics applied to virtual anatomy.
QoS-enabled group communication in integrated VANET-LTE heterogeneous wireless networks (2011)

Ubiquitous integration of high-speed WLANs with wide-range 3GPP systems results in the service extension of the backbone cellular network. This paper envisions such heterogeneous wireless network architecture by integrating IEEE 802.11p VANETs with 3GPP LTE to achieve seamless data connectivity for uninterrupted multimedia sessions amongst spatially-apart vehicular clusters. Issues on cluster head-based multicasting and QoS are explored in this paper. An adaptive multi-metric Cluster Head (CH) election mechanism is proposed to manage the VANET sub-clusters. In addition to this, construction of a 2-hop virtual overlay mesh-based shared multicast tree for lower-level multicasting within VANETs is discussed. Following this, the process of VANET-LTE upper-level communication is detailed, addressing the issues of CH and gateway handover, and resource allocation of the LTE eNB. The envisioned architecture enables the LTE to effectively schedule multimedia sessions based on the service requirements of the VANET gateways, thus satisfying QoS. Requisite simulation results are presented to evaluate the integrated network.
Immunoresponsive Gene 1 and Itaconate Inhibit Succinate Dehydrogenase to Modulate Intracellular Succinate Levels (2016)

Metabolic reprogramming is emerging as a hallmark of the innate immune response, and the dynamic control of metabolites such as succinate serves to facilitate the execution of inflammatory responses in macrophages and other immune cells. Immunoresponsive gene 1 (Irg1) expression is induced by inflammatory stimuli, and its enzyme product cis-aconitate decarboxylase catalyzes the production of itaconate from the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Here we identify an immunometabolic regulatory pathway that links Irg1 and itaconate production to the succinate accumulation that occurs in the context of innate immune responses. Itaconate levels and Irg1 expression correlate strongly with succinate during LPS exposure in macrophages and non-immune cells. We demonstrate that itaconate acts as an endogenous succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor to cause succinate accumulation. Loss of itaconate production in activated macrophages from Irg1(-/-) mice decreases the accumulation of succinate in response to LPS exposure. This metabolic network links the innate immune response and tricarboxylic acid metabolism to function of the electron transport chain.
Intravenous recombinant interferon beta in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas: a phase I/II study. (1991)

A multicenter phase I/II trial of a human recombinant interferon beta (Betaseron; Triton Biosciences, Alameda, CA) was conducted in patients with recurrent glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma in six centers between 1986 and 1988. Betaseron was given intravenously three times per week, starting at 90 x 10(6) IU per dose and escalating by 90 x 10(6) IU every 2 weeks up to a maximum dose of 540 x 10(6) per treatment. All patients had failed prior radiotherapy, and most had failed one or more courses of chemotherapy. Of the 72 patients entered into the protocol, 65 were considered assessable. Of 65 patients, 41 had glioblastoma, and 24 had anaplastic astrocytoma. Of the 65 assessable patients, 15 (23%) had an objective response (R), and 18 (28%) had stable disease (S), with a combined R and S rate of 51%. The Kaplan-Meier median time to progression was 24 weeks for the responders, 10 weeks for the nonresponders, and 23 weeks for the whole group. These results suggest that Betaseron has definite activity in recurrent gliomas, with an R + S rate of 51%. The maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) is between 180 and 360 x 10(6) IU, with neurotoxicity being the most troublesome toxicity at higher doses. Two patients died of treatment-related complication. Since most responders showed responses at the 180 x 10(6 IU dose range, further studies using a lower dose of Betaseron aimed at decreasing toxicity and allowing chronic maintenance therapy are merited.
ATAR, a Novel Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Family Member, Signals through TRAF2 and TRAF5 (1997)

Members of tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family signal largely through interactions with death domain proteins and TRAF proteins. Here we report the identification of a novel TNFR family member ATAR. Human and mouse ATAR contain 283 and 276 amino acids, respectively, making them the shortest known members of the TNFR superfamily. The receptor is expressed mainly in spleen, thymus, bone marrow, lung, and small intestine. The intracellular domains of human and mouse ATAR share only 25% identity, yet both interact with TRAF5 and TRAF2. This TRAF interaction domain resides at the C-terminal 20 amino acids. Like most other TRAF-interacting receptors, overexpression of ATAR activates the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Co-expression of ATAR with TRAF5, but not TRAF2, results in synergistic activation of NF-kappaB, suggesting potentially different roles for TRAF2 and TRAF5 in post-receptor signaling.
Transverse resonance, standing wave, and resonator formulations of the ridge waveguide eigenvalue problem and its application to the design of E-plane finned waveguide filters (1990)

An accurate computer-aided design of compact, low-cost, low-insertion-loss evanescent-mode waveguide bandpass filters with bilateral metallic E-plane fins is presented. The rigorous field distribution of the ridge waveguide eigenmodes is applied to the design. The design theory takes into account the influences of both the finite fin thickness and the higher-order mode interaction at all discontinuities. The numerical advantage of the transverse resonance method for solving the related cross-sectional eigenvalue problem is demonstrated for the design of quasi-high-pass and bandpass filters of different ridge gap widths and is compared with the classical standing wave and resonator mode-matching techniques. Computer-optimized design data are given for filters with passbands in X-band (8-12 GHz) and E-band (60-90 GHz), which achieve high skirt selectivity and wide stopband. The theory is verified by measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Assembly of Mesoporous Lamellar Silicas with Hierarchical Particle Architectures (1997)

A family of silica molecular sieves with lamellar frameworks and hierarchical structure (denoted MSU-V) was assembled from homogeneous solutions of neutral H2N(CH2)nNH2 bolaamphiphiles (n = 12−22) as the structure directors and tetraethylorthosilicate as the inorganic precursor. Optimal lamellar order was observed for four as-synthesized and calcined (550 °C) mesostructures when they were assembled at the following reaction temperatures (T, °C) and surfactant/silica ratios (R) of T = 25 °C, R = 0.26 (C12); T = 45 °C, R = 0.20 (C16); T = 55 °C, R = 0.15 (C18); T = 55 °C, R = 0.11 (C22). MSU-V silica assembled from the short C12 alkyl chain bolaamphiphile exhibited gallery-confined micropores (1.3 nm), but the derivatives prepared from the longer C16−C22 diamines showed gallery-confined mesopores. As the alkyl chain length of the bolaamphiphile surfactant increased from C16 to C22, the size of the gallery-confined mesopores increased from 2.0 to 2.7 nm. The described synthetic strategy afforded hierarchical MSU-V structures with biomimetic multilamellar vesicular particle architectures. Distorted vesicular, plate, and spiral-ribbon shaped particles also were observed, particularly for the lamellar silica assembled from the C16 bolaamphiphile. The variation in morphologies was attributed to agitation effects during synthesis. MSU-V silica assembled from the C22 diamine was the least stable member of the series and partially decomposed upon calcination. Remarkably, surfactant removal by calcination did not affect the biomembrane-like, hollow disk morphology of the original as-synthesized C22 product. This bolaamphiphile assembly approach provides new opportunities for the preparation of lamellar mesoporous molecular sieves with hierarchical structures specifically tailored to applications as diverse as sorbents, catalysts, sensors, bone implants, and nanoscale devices.
The effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (2008)

Dietary modification led to improvements in glycemic control and medication reduction/elimination in motivated volunteers with type 2 diabetes. The diet lower in carbohydrate led to greater improvements in glycemic control, and more frequent medication reduction/elimination than the low glycemic index diet. Lifestyle modification using low carbohydrate interventions is effective for improving and reversing type 2 diabetes.
Community-based greedy algorithm for mining top-K influential nodes in mobile social networks (2010)

With the proliferation of mobile devices and wireless technologies, mobile social network systems are increasingly available. A mobile social network plays an essential role as the spread of information and influence in the form of "word-of-mouth". It is a fundamental issue to find a subset of influential individuals in a mobile social network such that targeting them initially (e.g. to adopt a new product) will maximize the spread of the influence (further adoptions of the new product). The problem of finding the most influential nodes is unfortunately NP-hard. It has been shown that a Greedy algorithm with provable approximation guarantees can give good approximation; However, it is computationally expensive, if not prohibitive, to run the greedy algorithm on a large mobile network.
3.3 A 5GS/s 158.6mW 12b Passive-Sampling 8×-Interleaved Hybrid ADC with 9.4 ENOB and 160.5dB FoM<inf>S</inf> in 28nm CMOS (2019)

Emerging 5G communication systems require ADCs to directly digitize wide bandwidth (BW) signals with high spectral purity at low power consumption. Current state-of-the-art solutions include mainly time-interleaved (TI) pipelined [1-4] or pipelined-SAR [5] architectures, enhanced by digital calibration. To ensure a sufficiently high input BW, all these designs employ a static front-end buffer. This buffer often dissipates more power than the ADC itself, significantly deteriorates the linearity and noise performance, and severely limits the available swing, unless over-voltage or multiple supplies are used [1-5].
Expression of pili and capsule by the avian strain P-1059 of Pasteurella multocida. (1988)

The avian strain P-1059 of Pasteurella multocida was grown on blood agar (BA), on dextrose-starch agar (DSA), or in Heddleston's hydrogen sulfide test broth. Cells were examined for the presence of pili using electron microscopy after staining with phosphotungstic acid, and they were examined for capsule after ruthenium red staining. Pili were found on the capsulated iridescent type, P-1059I, and on two non-capsulated variants, the blue, P-1059B, and the gray, P-1059G. Many cells grown on BA were heavily piliated. In contrast, fewer cells grown on DSA had pili, and piliation was only slight to moderate. The P-1059I, P-1059B, and P-1059G produced pellicles when grown on broth medium. Pili were found on the circumference of the cells grown on either agar or broth medium. Occasionally a pilus connecting two cells was seen on cells cultured in broth. Cultivation of the P-1059I on DSA containing the iron-chelating agent alpha,alpha'-bipyridyl produced a non-capsulated blue variant. The non-capsulated variant reverted to P-1059I when grown on BA but did not revert when grown on DSA.
Identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by multiplex PCR with primers specific to the hlyA, eaeA, stx1, stx2, fliC and rfb genes. (2002)

Escherichia coli O157:H7 can cause fatal diseases such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. The early symptoms of E. coli O157:H7 infection are similar to those of infection with other gastrointestinal bacteria, so the availability of a rapid and precise method to identify E. coli O157:H7 is important for early recognition. We report a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers to detect the presence of the E. coli O157:H7 genes hlyA, which produces enterohemolysin, eaeA (intimin), stx1 (Shiga-like toxin I), stx2 (Shiga-like toxin II), fliC (flagella H-antigen), and rfb (surface O-antigen). The technique improves specificity compared to general PCR when used with > or = 10(3) CFU/assay. Specificity was examined using 32 E. coli O157:H7 strains from the USA, Japan, Canada and Taiwan, all of which were positive for hlyA, eaeA, fliC, rfb, and stx1 and/or stx2. Thirty-five non-O157 enterovirulent E. coli strains, two Shigella sp strains, and two Salmonella sp strains were also examined and none gave the positive gene expression results described above. This multiplex PCR was highly specific in identifying E. coli O157 and was more useful than general PCR in early clinical detection of this pathogen.
Neuroreceptor mechanisms of aggression and its treatment. (2003)

Aggression results from the interaction of multiple systems. It can be classified as predatory, impulsive, or based on a medical condition. The likelihood of aggression is increased by environmental overstimulation or stress, transmitter balances favoring dopamine and excitatory amino acid transmission over serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid transmission, and the presence of problems related to impulsivity. Treatments for aggression are based on the underlying causes and generally should combine pharmacologic and environmental or psychotherapeutic measures. Useful pharmacologic agents include mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics that combine dopaminergic and serotonergic actions. Drugs acting on nicotine receptors may deserve further attention. Nonpharmacologic measures include behavioral techniques aimed at reducing impulsivity, relapse prevention techniques for substance abuse, and anger management techniques.
<p>Potential Ambient Energy-Harvesting Sources and Techniques</p> (2009)

Ambient energy harvesting is also known as energy scavenging or power harvesting, and it is the process where energy is obtained from the environment. A variety of techniques are available for energy scavenging, including solar and wind powers, ocean waves, piezoelectricity, thermoelectricity, and physical motions. For example, some systems convert random motions, including ocean waves, into useful electrical energy that can be used by oceanographic monitoring wireless sensor nodes for autonomous surveillance. Ambient energy sources are classified as energy reservoirs, power distribution methods, or power-scavenging methods, which may enable portable or wireless systems to be completely battery independent and self sustaining. The students from different disciplines, such as industrial technology, construction, design and development and electronics, investigated the effectiveness of ambient energy as a source of power. After an extensive literature review, students summarized each potential ambient energy source and explained future energy-harvesting systems to generate or produce electrical energy as a support to conventional energy storage devices. This article investigates recent studies about potential ambient energy-harvesting sources and systems.
Cross–Cultural Similarities in the Predictors of Reading Acquisition (2002)

Measures of Chinese character/English word recognition, phonological awareness, speeded naming, visual-spatial skill, and processing speed were administered to 190 kindergarten students in Hong Kong and 128 kindergarten and grade 1 students in the United States. Across groups, the strongest predictor of reading itself was phonological awareness; visual processing did not predict reading. For both groups, speed of processing strongly predicted speeded naming, visual processing, and phonological awareness. Despite diversities of culture, language, and orthography to be learned, models of early reading development were remarkably similar across cultures and first and second language orthographies.
<scp>TRPA</scp> 1: A Transducer and Amplifier of Pain and Inflammation (2013)

The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channel on peripheral terminals of nociceptive primary afferent nerve fibres contributes to the transduction of noxious stimuli to electrical signals, while on central endings in the spinal dorsal horn, it amplifies transmission to spinal interneurons and projection neurons. The centrally propagating nociceptive signal that is induced and amplified by TRPA1 not only elicits pain sensation but also contributes to peripheral neurogenic inflammation through a peripheral axon reflex or a centrally mediated back propagating dorsal root reflex that releases vasoactive agents from sensory neurons in the periphery. Endogenous TRPA1 agonists that are generated under various pathophysiological conditions both in the periphery and in the spinal cord have TRPA1-mediated pro-nociceptive and pro-inflammatory effects. Among endogenous TRPA1 agonists that have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of pain and inflammatory conditions are, for example, methylglyoxal, 4-hydroxynonenal, 12-lipoxygenase-derived hepoxilin A3, 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid and reactive oxygen species, while mustard oil and cinnamaldehyde are most commonly used exogenous TRPA1 agonists in experimental studies. Among selective TRPA1 antagonists are HC-030031, A-967079, AP-14 and Chembridge-5861528. Recent evidence indicates that TRPA1 plays a role also in transition of acute to chronic pain. Due to its location on a subpopulation of pain-mediating primary afferent nerve fibres, blocking the TRPA1 channel is expected to have antinociceptive, antiallodynic and anti-inflammatory effects.
Multi-fingered haptic palpation utilizing granular jamming stiffness feedback actuators (2014)

This paper describes a multi-fingered haptic palpation method using stiffness feedback actuators for simulating tissue palpation procedures in traditional and in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery. Soft tissue stiffness is simulated by changing the stiffness property of the actuator during palpation. For the first time, granular jamming and pneumatic air actuation are combined to realize stiffness modulation. The stiffness feedback actuator is validated by stiffness measurements in indentation tests and through stiffness discrimination based on a user study. According to the indentation test results, the introduction of a pneumatic chamber to granular jamming can amplify the stiffness variation range and reduce hysteresis of the actuator. The advantage of multi-fingered palpation using the proposed actuators is proven by the comparison of the results of the stiffness discrimination performance using two-fingered (sensitivity: 82.2%, specificity: 88.9%, positive predicative value: 80.0%, accuracy: 85.4%, time: 4.84 s) and single-fingered (sensitivity: 76.4%, specificity: 85.7%, positive predicative value: 75.3%, accuracy: 81.8%, time: 7.48 s) stiffness feedback.
Purine Nucleosides. VII. Direct Bromination of Adenosine, Deoxyadenosine, Guanosine, and Related Purine Nucleosides (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPurine Nucleosides. VII. Direct Bromination of Adenosine, Deoxyadenosine, Guanosine, and Related Purine NucleosidesRichard E. Holmes and Roland K. RobinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 6, 1242–1245Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01060a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01060a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1618Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts