gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment Recommendations for Adults with Various Stages of Heart Failure (2020)

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive disease state resulting from disorders of the pericardium, myocardium, endocardium, heart valves or from certain metabolic diseases. Heart failure is the preferred term over congestive heart failure, since not every patient presents with fluid overload. Patients with heart failure will often have symptoms of left ventricular (LV) myocardium dysfunction. HF patients can have a wide range of LV functions leading to various ejection fraction (EF).
An epigenetic clock for gestational age at birth based on blood methylation data (2016)

DNA methylation can be used to accurately estimate gestational age at or near birth and may provide additional information relevant to developmental stage. Further studies of this predictor are warranted to determine its utility in clinical settings and for research purposes. When clinical estimates are available this measure may increase accuracy in the testing of hypotheses related to developmental age and other early life circumstances.
Role of Toll-like receptor 2 in recognition of Legionella pneumophila in a murine pneumonia model (2007)

Legionella pneumophila is an intracellular organism and the major aetiological agent of Legionnaires' disease. Although recent progress has identified Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as receptors for recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns in a variety of micro-organisms, understanding the contribution of TLRs to the host response in L. pneumophila infection is still limited. This study examined the roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in murine L. pneumophila pneumonia and an in vitro infection model using bone-marrow-derived macrophages. TLR2-deficient mice, but not TLR4-deficient mice, demonstrated higher lethal sensitivity to pulmonary challenge with L. pneumophila than wild-type mice (P<0.05). Although no differences in pulmonary bacterial burden were observed among the mouse strains examined, lower values of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), keratinocyte-derived cytokine and interleukin (IL)-6 and higher IL-12 levels were noted in lung homogenates of TLR2-deficient mice compared with the wild-type control and TLR4-deficient mice. Recruitment of inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils, was severely disturbed in the lungs of TLR2-deficient mice. Reduced MIP-2 production was demonstrated in bone-marrow-derived macrophages from TLR2-deficient mice in response to live L. pneumophila and purified LPS of this strain, but not Escherichia coli LPS. These data highlight the involvement and importance of TLR2 in the pathogenesis of L. pneumophila pneumonia in mice. The results showed that TLR2-mediated recognition of Legionella LPS and subsequent chemokine-dependent cellular recruitment may be a crucial host innate response in L. pneumophila pneumonia.
How to draw the line in biomedical research (2013)

The use of the least squares method to calculate the best-fitting line through a two-dimensional scatter plot typically requires the user to assume that one of the variables depends on the other. However, in many cases the relationship between the two variables is more complex, and it is not valid to say that one variable is independent and the other is dependent. When analysing such data researchers should consider plotting the three regression lines that can be calculated for any two-dimensional scatter plot.
The tobacco plasma membrane aquaporin NtAQP1 (2001)

This paper gives a summary of a project to characterize a tobacco aquaporin. The cDNA and gene, including the 5' upstream region, for the tobacco aquaporin NtAQP1 has been isolated and the encoded protein characterized. The significance of promoter regions for an abscisic acid- and gibberellic acid-induced gene expression could be restricted to a region between -1450 and -1112 upstream of the transcription start point by transient transformation of a bicistronic vector into tobacco protoplasts. NtAQP1 expression in tobacco plants was found to be elevated in flowers, stems and roots. In roots, the protein was detected close to xylem vessels in pitch-like structures. Studies with a NtAQP1-GFP fusion indicated a plasma membrane location. For a functional analysis, the cDNA was expressed in Xenopus oocytes. NtAQP1 was found to be a heavy metal-insensitive aquaporin with additional permeability for glycerol. Mutation of a threonine at position 233 to a cysteine transformed NtAQP1 into a heavy metal-sensitive aquaporin.
Sequence specificity for removal of uracil from U·A pairs and U·G mismatches by uracil‐DNA glycosylase from <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and correlation with mutational hotspots (1995)

The rate of removal of uracil from different positions in double-stranded DNA by uracil-DNA glycosylase from Escherichia coli varied more than 15-fold. Consensus sequences for good and poor removal were 5'-(A/T)UA(A/T)-3' and 5'-(G/C)U(T/G/C)-3', respectively. In general, the sequence context surrounding U was more important for the rate of removal than whether U was present in U.A pairs or U.G mispairs. Rates of removal of U from sites of amber mutations in the lacI gene, where mutation frequencies and deamination rates were known, indicated that the observed variation in removal is biologically significant.
Blood coagulation and its alterations in hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders. (1993)

Clinical observations have added to the understanding of basic mechanisms of blood coagulation and its alterations in certain hemorrhagic and thrombotic states. Much clinical evidence exists for concluding that the exposure of blood to tissue factor (thromboplastin) on tissue cells represents the key event initiating fibrin clot formation after tissue injury. This then results in the formation of activated factor VII (VIIa)-tissue factor complexes, which must activate both factor X and factor IX for normal hemostasis. I describe the possible clinical consequences of an aberrant function of the natural anticoagulants regulating blood coagulation--antithrombin, protein C, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor. Understanding the physiologic function of tissue factor pathway inhibitor can illuminate why hemophilic patients bleed, but many other questions remain. I briefly review the four causes for acquired disorders of the blood coagulation reactions--vitamin K deficiency, hepatocellular disease, antibodies to clotting factors, and disseminated intravascular coagulation--but limit my comments to the mechanisms that trigger the formation of antibodies to clotting factors and how these antibodies can deplete the blood of clotting factor activities. Finally, heparin is able to potentiate tissue factor pathway inhibitor function, which is a possible reason why the use of heparin but not warfarin can prevent the numerous thrombotic episodes of the Trousseau's syndrome.
Imaging techniques for the diagnosis of soft tissue tumors (2015)

Abstract: The primary aim in soft tissue tumor imaging should be to reach a specific diagnosis or to narrow the differential diagnosis, and to help to decide whether biopsy, surgical intervention, or simple observation is required for further management. In addition to contributing toward diagnosis, imaging has an important role in the staging of soft tissue malignancies and potentially in response assessment. This general review article highlights a rational diagnostic imaging approach to patients presenting with soft tissue tumors, emphasizing the fundamental principles inherent to soft tissue tumor imaging and diagnosis. Keywords: soft tissue tumors, ultrasound, CT, PET, MRI
Phosphorus-31 NMR saturation-transfer measurements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: characterization of phosphate exchange reactions by iodoacetate and antimycin A inhibition (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorus-31 NMR saturation-transfer measurements in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: characterization of phosphate exchange reactions by iodoacetate and antimycin A inhibitionS. L. Campbell-Burk, K. A. Jones, and R. G. ShulmanCite this: Biochemistry 1987, 26, 23, 7483–7492Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00397a043https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00397a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spin-torque generation by dc or ac voltages in quasi-one-dimensional magnetic layered structures (2010)

A general expression of the current-induced spin torque in a quasi-one-dimensional magnetic layered structure in the presence of external dc or ac voltages is derived in the framework of the scattering matrix approach. A detailed analysis is performed for a magnetic-nonmagnetic-magnetic trilayer connected to external leads in the presence of dc voltage bias in the ballistic regime. Alternatively, the possibility of producing spin torque by means of the adiabatic ac modulation of external gate voltages (quantum pumping) is proposed and discussed.
Dislocation-Free Czochralski Si Crystal Growth without the Dash-Necking Process: Growth from Undoped Si Melt (2000)

Dislocation-free Si crystals have been grown successfully by the Czochralski (CZ) method without the Dash-necking process. It was found that the boron concentration limit in the seed for no dislocation formation due to thermal shock was 1×10 18 atoms/cm 3 , and the maximum admissible discrepancy of boron concentration in the seed and in the crystal was 7×10 18 atoms/cm 3 for no dislocation formation in the crystal due to the lattice misfit. Consequently, it is revealed that dislocation-free CZ-Si crystals can be grown from undoped Si melt without the Dash-necking process when a seed with a suitable boron concentration is used.
Solid–ionic liquid interfaces: pore filling revisited (2014)

The properties of ionic liquids on ordered and non-ordered mesoporous silicas (silica gel, MCM-41, SBA-15) were studied by nitrogen sorption, mercury intrusion and thermogravimetric analyses, as well as (129)Xe-NMR spectroscopy. The ionic liquids investigated are based on the 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium cation, which was combined with anions of low (bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide; [NTf2](-)), medium (trifluoromethylsulfonate; [CF3SO3](-)) to high (acetate; [OAc](-)) basicity. The surface coverage depends on both the type of ionic liquid and support used. This results not only in layer or droplet formation, but also in different physico-chemical properties of the ionic liquid when compared to the bulk, depending mainly on the strength of interaction at the interface. Furthermore, the mercury intrusion analysis of mesopores is shown not to be suitable for supported ionic liquids.
Automated alignment of serial thoracic scans using bone structure descriptors (2007)

In this manuscript we present an automated algorithm for the alignment of thoracic scans using descriptors of bone structures. Bone structures were utilized because they are expected to be less susceptible to sources of errors such as patient positioning and breath hold. The algorithm employed the positioning of ribs relative to the spinal cord along with a description of the scapula. The spinal cord centroid was detected by extracting local maxima of the distance transform followed by point tracing along consecutive slices. Ribs were segmented using adaptive thresholding followed by the watershed algorithm to detach ribs from the vertebra, and by imposing requirements of rib proximity to the lung border. The angles formed between the spinal cord centroid and segmented rib centroids were used to describe rib positioning. Additionally, the length of the scapula was extracted in each slice. A cost function incorporating the difference of features from rib positioning and scapula length between two slices was derived and used to match slices. The method was evaluated on a set of 12 pairs of full and partial CT scans acquired on the same day. Evaluation was based on whether the slices showing a nodule at its maximum diameter in each scan were matched. Full-to-partial and partial-to-full alignment were performed. Results showed that the proposed metric matched nodule slices within an average distance of 1.08 and 1.17 slices from the target for full-to-partial and partial-to-full alignment respectively. These preliminary results are encouraging for using this method as a first step in an overall process of temporally analyzing CT lung nodules.
Three-dimensional force calibration of optical tweezers (2000)

Abstract We demonstrate a method for 3-dimensional force calibration of optical tweezers by recording the trapping dynamics of polystyrene beads. This is realized by time-resolved detection of the horizontal and vertical position of a bead which is drawn to the focus of a laser beam. The method provides real time characterization of the force profile of an optical trap in all directions.
The design of a clinical electromagnetic bone stimulator (1981)

The design and construction of an air-cored electromagnetic bone stimulator is described. The magnetic field waveform chosen has been based on that used for in vitro studies and is the one most commonly found in clinical practice. Detailed information on the circuitry involved, the waveforms and field strengths produced and the design of coils is presented. This should enable the stimulator to be constructed either for clinical use or to generate fields for laboratory evaluation.
Hereditary Prothrombin Deficiency Presenting as Intracranial Haematoma in Infancy (1999)

Hereditary deficiency of prothrombin is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder, with severe bleeding diathesis in homozygotes, but rarely resulting in intracranial haematoma. We describe two infants of consanguineous parents, presenting with acute subdural haematoma. Because such haematomas in infancy are highly indicative of trauma caused by child battering and because the socio-economic status of the family was unstable, there was a suspicion of child battering. However, further investigations revealed a bleeding diathesis due to a prothrombin deficiency. DNA analysis of the prothrombin gene showed homozygosity for a novel mutation, substituting Lys for Glu at codon 7 and resulting in decreased specific clotting activity. We discuss the probability of bleeding diathesis versus child battering in the aetiology of intracranial haematoma.
USE OF LIVER ALLOGRAFTS FROM CARBON MONOXIDE POISONED CADAVERIC DONORS (1996)

Carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation leads to cerebral, cardiac, and, more rarely, liver damage. The use of liver allografts from CO poisoned donors with evidence of liver damage has not previously been reported. In this report we describe two recipients, both in fulminant hepatic failure, who received liver grafts from such donors. One donor had markedly abnormal liver function tests (LFTS), and in the other LFTS were mildly abnormal. In both, the liver appeared normal at procurement. There was satisfactory early function of both allografts, although marked patchy necrosis was seen on the postreperfusion biopsy (case 1), and on a 10 day postoperative biopsy (case 2). In both cases the changes were considered to be related to damage sustained from CO inhalation. Both allografts soon achieved normal function and both recipients are well. We conclude that CO poisoning can cause liver damage that can recover completely following liver transplantation.
Adaptive Depth edge sharpening for 3D video depth coding (2012)

In 3D video systems with Multiview Video plus Depth (MVD) representation, intermediate views can be rendered from transmitted texture views and corresponding depth maps by techniques such as Depth Image Based Rendering (DIBR). Recent standardization activities in MPEG include the development for such MVD based 3DV codecs. One codec which is H.264/AVC based is called 3DV-ATM. Because of compression, reconstructed depth maps often have certain distortions, such as blurry depth edges, which can result in noticeable artifacts in the rendered views. In this paper, a method of adaptive depth edge sharpening is proposed for 3D video coding, based on the 3DV-ATM. The proposed adaptive depth edge filtering and smoothing along depth edge techniques adaptively sharpen blurry edges of the reconstructed depth frames caused by compression. Compared to the anchor software 3DV-ATM, the proposed method achieves about 7.2% bitrate reduction on average for the rendered view PSNRs versus overall bitrates with comparable runtime complexity.
A customizable MR brain imaging atlas of structure and function for decision support. (2003)

We present a MR brain atlas for structure and function (diffusion weighted images). The atlas is customizable for contrast and orientation to match the current patient images. In addition, the atlas also provides normative values of MR parameters (T1, T2 and ADC values). The atlas is designed on informatics principles to provide context sensitive decision support at the time of primary image interpretation. Additional support for diagnostic interpretation is provided by a list of expert created most relevant 'Image Finding Descriptors' that will serve as cues to the user. The architecture of the atlas module is integrated into the image workflow of a radiology department to provide support at the time of primary diagnosis.
Adaptive Vehicle Lateral-Plane Motion Control Using Optimal Tire Friction Forces With Saturation Limits Consideration (2009)

This paper presents an adaptive nonlinear control scheme aimed at the improvement of the handling properties of vehicles. The control inputs for steering intervention are the steering angle and wheel torque for each wheel, i.e., two control inputs for each wheel. The control laws are obtained from a nonlinear 7-degree-of-freedom (DOF) vehicle model. A main loop and eight cascade loops are the basic components of the integrated control system. In the main loop, tire friction forces are manipulated with the aim of canceling the nonlinearities in a way that the error dynamics of the feedback linearized system has sufficient degrees of exponential stability; meanwhile, the saturation limits of tires and the bandwidth of the actuators in the inner loops are taken into account. A modified inverse tire model is constructed to transform the desired tire friction forces to the desired wheel slip and sideslip angle. In the next step, these desired values, which are considered as setpoints, are tackled through the use of the inner loops with guaranteed tracking performance. The vehicle mass and mass moment of inertia, as unknown parameters, are estimated through parameter adaptation laws. The stability and error convergence of the integrated control system in the presence of the uncertain parameters, which is a very essential feature for the active safety means, is guaranteed by utilizing a Lyapunov function. Computer simulations, using a nonlinear 14-DOF vehicle model, are provided to demonstrate the desired tracking performance of the proposed control approach.
Evaluation of passive diffusion bag samplers in selected wells at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Louisville, Kentucky, July 1999 to January 2000 (2001)

Passive diffusion bag samplers were tested in 11 wells at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Louisville, Kentucky, by comparing the volatile organic compound concentrations obtained from passive diffusion bag samplers to volatile organic compound concentrations obtained by pumping the wells. The wells were screened in poorly permeable formations, including overburden, shale, and limestone. In five of the tested wells containing detectable volatile organic compound contamination, the data suggest that the diffusion samplers accurately reflected ambient contaminant concentrations (wells 1-NEC-15-P, 1-NEC-MW17-S, 1-NE-MW23-S, 1-NW-MW24-S, and 1-NW-MW24-P). Comparison of a third well (1-NEC-MW34-S), in which the passive diffusion bag samplers produced higher concentrations than the pumped sample, is less certain because the passive diffusion bag sampler had passed through a layer of light non-aqueous phase liquid during deployment, suggesting the possibility of carryover contamination. In two wells (1-NE-MW23-P and 1-NEC-MW15-S), it was unclear whether concentrations obtained by using the passive diffusion bag samplers adequately represented in situ concentrations because the comparison of concentrations obtained by 'U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, S.C.
Introduction The Art of Embassy: Situating Objects and Images in the Early Modern Diplomatic Encounter (2016)

This essay makes the case that visual and material approaches may hold the key to the study of early modern diplomatic encounters, which were always undergirded by the exchange of objects and often represented (or imagined) in pictorial form. It calls for a visually and materially intensive approach to diplomacy by privileging objects of exchange, such as gifts, as crucial tools of cross-cultural mediation and communication, while also looking closely at visual representations of encounter in line with relevant textual sources. Building on recent studies that have called for a new diplomatic history, this essay situates ambassadors as envoys with a certain amount of agency and independence, rather than conveyors of fixed state positions, thus calling for a dynamic understanding of early modern embassy, which was comprised of meanings articulated not just by polities, but also by individual human actors and things.
The association of enhancing antibodies with seroconversion in humans receiving a dengue-2 live-virus vaccine. (1985)

A group of human subjects, some with yellow fever (YF) antibodies, volunteered for testing of a live-attenuated dengue-2 (DEN-2) vaccine. Serum samples taken before DEN-2 vaccination were tested for their ability to enhance infection of human monocytes by DEN-2 virus. A significantly greater proportion of enhancing antibodies (Eab) were found in YF-immune (YFI) individuals (50%) as compared to those with no evidence of flavivirus infection (9.5%). Geometric mean titers of neutralizing and hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies to DEN-2 virus in YFI subjects with Eab were fourfold to seven-fold higher than in the YFI subjects without Eab in prevaccine sera and 10- to 35-fold higher than in non-immune volunteers. Additionally, levels of Eab in prevaccine sera were directly related to antibody titers found in postvaccine sera. The presence of Eab in the serum of a human subject before DEN-2 vaccination was a good predictor of the immune response after vaccination, and may in part be responsible for the higher seroconversion rate in YF immunes (90%) as compared to nonimmunes (61%) receiving this vaccine. This is the first human study to demonstrate that circulating Eab in non-DEN-immune persons is associated with an augmented immune response to DEN virus infection. This finding supports the hypothesis that cross-reactive antibodies against one flavivirus enhance an infection with another closely related flavivirus.