gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Directed Deposition of Functional Polymers onto Porous Substrates Using Metal Salt Inhibitors (2011)

This paper demonstrates the ability to control the location of polymer deposition onto porous substrates using vapor phase polymerization in combination with metal salt inhibitors. Functional polymers such as hydrophobic poly(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate), click-active poly(pentafluorophenyl methacrylate), and light-responsive poly(ortho-nitrobenzyl methacrylate) were patterned onto porous hydrophilic substrates using metal salts. A combinatorial screening approach was used to determine the effects of different transition metal salts and reaction parameters on the patterning process. It was found that CuCl(2) and Cu(NO(3))(2) were effective at uniformly inhibiting the deposition of all three polymers through the depth of the porous substrate and along the entire cross section. This study offers a new and convenient method to selectively deposit a wide variety of functional polymers onto porous materials and will enable the production of next-generation multifunctional paper-based microfluidic devices, polymeric photonic crystals, and filtration membranes.
<title>Resolution and depth of focus in optical lithography</title> (1997)

Common uses of the terms 'resolution' and 'depth of focus' (DOF) are explored as they relate to semiconductor lithography. A definition of DOF is given which is most appropriate to photolithography for IC manufacturing. Examples of the use of the definition for DOF for studying trends in lithography are given. Resolution is then defined based on realistic requirements for semiconductor manufacturing. Using this definition of resolution, the common scaling law of resolution with numerical aperture is shown to be inaccurate under typical conditions.
A New Nuclear Log for the Determination of Reservoir Salinity (1960)

Abstract The salinity log was developed as a means for determining the presence and degree of salinity in formations surrounding the borehole. Being a radiation- or nuclear-type log permits its application in wells that have been cased and in wells where air or other gases may have been the drilling fluid. Two curves ("chlorine" and "hydrogen") are recorded simultaneously with a single detector, and these curves are compared in the salinity determination. The two curves have been independently calibrated to show their response to changes in salinity and borehole size. The salinity log has been run successfully in various oil-producing areas of the United States and Canada. Because of changes in the invaded zone with time, the log is most useful when run several days after cementing casing in the well. Introduction Everyone familiar with the interpretation of electric logs recognizes that in many cases these logs do not provide positive answers. This is particularly true of the logs that were recorded five or more years ago. To at least partially satisfy the needs created by these limitations of the electrical jog approach, the salinity log was developed. In addition to not having some of the open-hole limitations of the electric log, the radioactive-type salinity log can be recorded through casing. It is believed that the invaded zone undergoes changes subsequent to the setting of casing in a well. This change may be effected by fluid migration, diffusion of formation fluid and drilling filtrate, gravity segregation, etc., and the rate of change will be influenced by the types of fluids involved, formation permeabilities and pressure differentials. Therefore, the maximum value from the salinity log probably will be realized by running it after sufficient time has elapsed subsequent to setting casing to allow the invaded zone to have effectively dissipated.
Computational steering for high performance computing: applications on Blue Gene/Q system (2015)

The traditional workflow in a high performance computing (HPC) simulation is to prepare the application's input, run the simulation, and visualize the simulation results in a post-processing step. By performing these steps simultaneously, significant development and testing time can be saved. Computational steering provides the capability to direct or re-direct the progress of an HPC application at run-time by modifying application-defined control parameters using a steering client application. In this paper, we discuss a computational steering framework for the Blue Gene/Q system that provides an innovative solution and an easy-to-use platform, which allows user(s) to connect to and interact with running application(s) in real-time from native desktop steering applications and/or mobile devices. This framework uses RealityGrid as the underlying steering library and adds several enhancements to the library to enable steering support for the Blue Gene systems. The Blue Gene supercomputer presents special challenges for remote access because the compute nodes reside on private networks. This paper discusses an implemented solution for remote steering of simulation applications running on a high performance computer system and describes the implementation challenges.
The mechanism of the radiation‐induced crosslinking of polyolefins (1967)

Abstract Polypropylene, as a model for polyolefins, was irradiated with 60 Co‐γ‐radiation in the presence of various radical scavengers and ion scavengers to determine whether the crosslinking reaction is free radical or ionic in nature. it was found that iodine and compounds having labile hydrogen atoms can inhibit the radiation‐induced crosslinking. The nature and relative effectiveness of the inhibitors show, that the crosslinking reaction is a rather slow and thermal free radical reaction. The rate of crosslinking of irradiated polypropylene depends upon the temperature, and at ‐196°C. it is so slow as to be undetectable.
Preliminary Computer Simulation of the Effects of Radial Keratotomy (1989)

We created a computerized mathematical model of the eye for the simulation of refractive surgery. This model used a slightly prolate shape for a moderately myopic eye and an idealized aspheric profile for the cornea. The finite element method and the nonlinear Mooney-Rivelin law were used to analyze stress-strain relationships. Radial keratotomy changes stress distribution in the cornea and the anterior sclera, with major changes at the paracentral and peripheral ends of the incisions. The model predicted that there would be a flattening of the central cornea with a posterior displacement, which increased with an increase in intraocular pressure. A change in the length of the incision of 0.5 mm produced a significant change in correction. For small clear zones (3 to 4 mm), incisions of equal length produced comparable changes in refraction. We found that the effect of the corneal radius of curvature on the amount of refractive change was negligible. We studied the effect of elasticity coefficients and corneal anisotropia.
Performance of two new automated assays for measuring von Willebrand activity: HemosIL AcuStar and Innovance (2014)

The ristocetin cofactor activity assay (VWF:RCo) is the reference method for assessing von Willebrand factor (VWF) activity but remains difficult to perform, and the coefficient of variation of the method is high (about 20-30%). This study evaluated and compared the performance for measuring the VWF activity of two newly commercialised assays [VWF:Ac Innovance (VWF:Ac) and VWF:RCo Acustar (VWF:RCo Acu)] with the reference VWF:RCo aggregation in 123 pathological plasma samples. The correlation and concordance between both new tests (VWF:RCo-Acu and VWF:Ac) and the reference VWF:RCo were good. The results of the VWF activity to VWF antigen ratio were also comparable whatever the method for the classification of VWF deficiency in all patients. Our results showed that both new tests could replace the "gold standard" VWF:RCo in aggregometry with several benefits: they are fully automated, easier and faster to perform, better adapted to emergency situations if necessary.
187. Leptospermone. Part II (1945)

L. H. Briggs, C. H. Hassall and W. F. Short, J. Chem. Soc., 1945, 706 DOI: 10.1039/JR9450000706
Disposable Planar Reference Electrode Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Polyacrylate Membrane (2011)

In this technical note, we report a new all-solid-state planar reference electrode based on single-walled carbon nanotubes and photocured poly(n-butylacrylate) (poly(nBA)) membrane containing the Ag/AgCl/Cl(-) ion system. Single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with octadecylamide (SWCNT-ODA) and deposited by drop-casting onto a disposable screen-printed electrode are an excellent all-solid-state transducer. The novel potentiometric planar reference electrode shows low potential variability (calibration slopes inferior to 2 mV/dec) for a wide range of chemical species (i.e., ions, small molecules, proteins) in a wide calibration range, redox pairs, changes in pH, and changes in ambient light. Potentiometric medium-term signal stability (-0.9 ± 0.2 mV/h) and electrochemical impedance characterization confirm the correct solid contact between the SWCNT-ODA layer and photocured poly(nBA) membrane. Overall, the materials used and the simple fabrication by screen-printing and drop-casting enable a high throughput and highly parallel and cost-effective mass manufacture of the new disposable reference electrode. Moreover, the reference electrode has a long shelf life, a characteristic that can be of special interest in decentralized and multiplexing potentiometric analysis.
Long-term oxygen therapy (2005)

To the Editors: 

The topic of long term oxygen therapy (LTOT) has been a great interest to our group, beginning with our first report in 1967 1. Here, we showed a marked increase in exercise capability with use of ambulatory oxygen (AO) in selected patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). By contrast, the carefully carried out, randomised, controlled study of AO in oxygen-dependent patients, recently published in the European Respiratory Journal , concludes that AO is not associated with increased walk tolerance or improved quality of life …
A touch mode capacitive pressure sensor with long linear range and high sensitivity (2008)

A novel structure was developed which can improve linear range and sensitivity of touch mode capacitive pressure sensor (TMCPS) in this article. As for the double-notch touch mode capacitive pressure sensor (DTMCPS), an additional thin notch was etched on the bottom diaphragm of traditional TMCPS. Through modeling and analysis, it has been proven that the linear range can be expanded compared with normal structure with same size and the sensitivity can be improved compared with normal structure with same touch point pressure. Furthermore, the fabrication process of DTMCPS was compiled.
Deformable Liposomes as Topical Formulations Containing α‐Tocopherol (2006)

Several deformable liposomes were formulated using hydrogenated soya lecithin and sodium cholate, polisorbate 80, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, or saccharose monopalmitate. The lipid:surfactant w/w ratio necessary to obtain elastic vesicles depended on the O/W surfactant and ranged from 4∶1 to 20∶1. The liposomes obtained were able to entrap α‐tocopherol and tocopheryl acetate up to 0.17% w/w. Elastic liposomes, whose deformability was confirmed by filtration through microporous filters and differential scanning calorimetry measurements, when non‐occlusively applied on pig ear skin, determined negligible skin fluxes of α‐tocopherol, while skin deposition significantly increased compared with reference solutions or normal liposomes. Moreover, the entrapment of the vitamin either in elastic or in normal liposomes increased its photo‐stability under UVB irradiation.
Cleaning process development and optimization in the surface mount assembly line of power modules (2011)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.
The Guanylyl Cyclase-deficient Mouse Defines Differential Pathways of Natriuretic Peptide Signaling (1997)

A genetic model of salt-resistant hypertension has been developed recently through disruption of the guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) natriuretic peptide receptor gene (Lopez, M. J., Wong, S. K., Kishimoto, I., Dubois, S., Mach, V., Friesen, J., Garbers, D. L., and Beuve, A. (1995) Nature 378, 65-68). These genetically altered mice were used to determine which of the natural peptides with natriuretic peptide-like structures regulate blood pressure through the GC-A receptor. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) or B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) half-maximally relaxed precontracted aortic rings in wild-type mice at about 24 nM, but failed to relax such aortas in GC-A null mice, even at micromolar concentrations. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), in contrast, caused half-maximal relaxation at concentrations of 335 and 146 nM in aortas from either wild-type or null mice, respectively, suggesting that this peptide acted through a receptor other than GC-A. Since the in vitro results with aortic smooth muscle do not necessarily reflect the physiology of the smaller blood vessels important in blood pressure regulation, the blood pressures of conscious mice infused with the various peptides were determined. ANP caused decreases in blood pressure when infused at rates of 500 ng/kg/min, a rate which resulted in a plasma concentration of 0.8 nM. In the null mice, in contrast, ANP failed to lower blood pressure even at infusion rates of 50 microg/kg/min. Much higher infusion rates for CNP (50 microg/kg/min), which yielded final plasma concentrations of 18.3 nM, were required to lower blood pressure in wild-type mice, but the effects of CNP were not altered in GC-A null mice. Thus, two natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP) act through GC-A whereas another (CNP) acts through another receptor to regulate blood pressure.
Modeling of 3-D planar conducting structures on lossy silicon substrate in high frequency integrated circuits (2002)

This paper describes simple yet accurate models for 3-D planar conducting structures such as substrate contacts and bond pads in high frequency and mixed-signal integrated circuits on lossy silicon substrate. The modeling approach is based on a rigorous 3-D EM characterization followed by equivalent circuit model extraction. The simple equivalent circuit models for coupled conducting structures are based on the physical structure. The frequency response of the models shows good agreement with the EM solution.
Carbonate Acidizing: Toward a Quantitative Model of the Wormholing Phenomenon (1989)

Summary We present the first quantitative study and complete model of the wormholing phenomenon, leading to a means of predicting and optimizing carbonate acidizing treatments. Laboratory experiments on a gypsum model system and computer simulations show that for a given geometry, wormholes can be quantified by a unique parameter, their equivalent hydraulic length. The behavior of this quantifying parameter vs. all the system parameters is studied and allows the quantitative prediction of the efficiency of an acidizing treatment. This study highlights the fractal nature of the phenomenon, which is accounted for in the equations, and the strong effect of the sample geometry. Three types of etching can be obtained: compact, wormhole type, or homogeneous. The optimum conditions for achieving die best skin decrease correspond to the creation of wormholes and can then be defined in terms of fluid reactivity and injection rate.
Conformation of N-(β-Chloroethyl)-2-phenoxyethylamines in Relation to Adrenergic Blocking Activity<sup>1</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformation of N-(β-Chloroethyl)-2-phenoxyethylamines in Relation to Adrenergic Blocking Activity1B. Belleau and P. CooperCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1963, 6, 5, 579–583Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00341a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00341a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
APOBEC deaminases as cellular antiviral factors: a novel natural host defense mechanism. (2006)

The APOBEC (acronym for apolipoprotein B editing catalytic polypeptide) family of cytidine deaminases are widely distributed in the biological world and play a central role in diverse enzymatic pathways. Members of this family (APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F) have been recently shown to be able to restrict HIV-1 replication in physiologically relevant target cells (macrophages, lymphocytes), presumably by triggering extensive deamination of the viral RNA/DNA replication intermediates. This natural antiretroviral host defense mechanism is counteracted by the HIV-1 protein Vif, which is able to target APOBECs to degrade. The so-called "Vif/APOBEC3G paradigm" has been confirmed by a growing literature. However, evidence arising from recent studies has expanded this view, showing that the replication of other viruses is also restricted by APOBEC family members and suggesting antiviral mechanism(s) of action unrelated to the catalytic activity of these proteins. Furthermore, evolutionary investigations on primates have shown that APOBEC3 gene expansion might be related to an ancient adaptive selection to prevent endogenous genetic instability, indicating an additional ancient protective role of APOBECs. This article is aimed at broadening the current knowledge about the antiviral activity of the APOBEC members and to highlight the notion that their role(s) might be more general than previously anticipated.
ECS Schemes for All Electric Airliners (1982)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper introduces the concepts and state-of-the-art advances on which the All-Electric Airliners will be based, discusses present practice and experience in the design of ECS and derives some ground rules and guidelines for generating new ECS schemes. Based on these, two examples of system schematic layout (Vapor Cycle and Recircair) are presented. Innovative development needed for execution of the systems is highlighted. The conclusion is that the systems are feasible and advantageous, but work on translating into practice should be started as soon as possible.</div>
Electrochemical synthesis of leaf-like CuO mesocrystals and their lithium storage properties (2012)

We have developed an electrochemical approach for the synthesis of leaf-like CuO mesocrystals. The oriented attachment mechanism is responsible for the formation of CuO mesocrystals. As anode materials for lithium ion batteries, the high reversible capacity and enhanced cycle performance were demonstrated.
High fidelity moving Z-score based controlled breakdown fabrication of solid-state nanopore (2018)

We investigate the current transport characteristics in the electrolyte-dielectric-electrolyte structure commonly used in the in situ controlled breakdown (CBD) fabrication of solid-state nanopores. It is found that the stochastic breakdown process could lead to fidelity issues of false positives (an incorrect indication of a true nanopore formation) and false negatives (inability to detect initial nanopore formation). Robust and deterministic detection of initial physical breakdown to alleviate false positives and false negatives is critical for precise nanopore size control. To this end, we report a high fidelity moving Z-score method based CBD fabrication of solid-state nanopore. We demonstrate 100% success rate of realizing the initial nanopore conductance of 3 ± 1 nS (corresponds to size of 1.7 ± 0.6 nm) regardless of the dielectric membrane characteristics. Our study also elucidates the Joule heating is the dominant mechanism for electric field-based nanopore enlargement. Single DNA molecule sensing using nanopores fabricated by this method was successfully demonstrated. We anticipate the moving Z-score based CBD method could enable broader access to the solid state nanopore-based single molecule analysis.
Learning sensory motor coordination for grasping by a humanoid robot (2002)

The paper proposes a method for the learning of Sensory-Motor Coordination (SMC) through the teleoperation of a humanoid robot designed for human-robot interaction. It is argued that SMC in a complex environment must be learned rather than programmed. Schema theory is reviewed as a tool for the description of animal behavior at the level of functional modules and higher. SMC is shown to be necessary for the formation of schema assemblages for the control of behavior. Examples are given of four behavior based robot control architectures that implicitly use SMC-driven schema control. It is shown that while the robots are capable of learning, they all rely, to a certain extent, on ad hoc choices of SMC by the designers. A description of the humanoid robot and the sensors it uses for reaching and grasping is given. The proposed method of learning via teleoperation is described. Sensory data acquired through grasping is presented.
High-Level Synthesis for FPGAs: From Prototyping to Deployment (2011)

Escalating system-on-chip design complexity is pushing the design community to raise the level of abstraction beyond register transfer level. Despite the unsuccessful adoptions of early generations of commercial high-level synthesis (HLS) systems, we believe that the tipping point for transitioning to HLS msystem-on-chip design complexityethodology is happening now, especially for field-programmable gate array (FPGA) designs. The latest generation of HLS tools has made significant progress in providing wide language coverage and robust compilation technology, platform-based modeling, advancement in core HLS algorithms, and a domain-specific approach. In this paper, we use AutoESL's AutoPilot HLS tool coupled with domain-specific system-level implementation platforms developed by Xilinx as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of state-of-art C-to-FPGA synthesis solutions targeting multiple application domains. Complex industrial designs targeting Xilinx FPGAs are also presented as case studies, including comparison of HLS solutions versus optimized manual designs. In particular, the experiment on a sphere decoder shows that the HLS solution can achieve an 11-31% reduction in FPGA resource usage with improved design productivity compared to hand-coded design.
Lattice decoding for joint detection in direct-sequence CDMA systems (2003)

A new joint detection method based on sphere packing lattice decoding is presented in this paper. The algorithm is suitable for both synchronous and asynchronous multiple access direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems, and it may jointly detect up to 64 users with a reasonable complexity. The detection complexity is independent of the modulation size and large M-PAM or M-QAM constellations can be used. Furthermore, a theoretical gain analysis is performed in which the multiple-access system performance is derived from the lattice parameters.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,6‐Disubstituted β‐Carbolines which Possess Either Benzodiazepine Antagonist or Agonist Activity. (1987)

Abstract The tetrahydro‐β‐carbolinecarboxylic acid (I) is converted to the β‐carbolinecarboxylates (IV) via the esters (III).