gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Penetration of Coiled Tubing with Residual Bend in Extended-Reach Wells (2005)

Abstract Residual bend exists in every coiled tubing string. When the coiled tubing is placed inside a wellbore, its initial configuration is not straight but has a certain residual bend. This paper's objective is to explain how this residual bend in coiled tubing affects its extended reach. This paper presents a new modeling technique to account for the effect of residual bend on coiled-tubing post-helical buckling behavior and maximum penetration. The initial configuration of the coiled tubing is assumed to be the form of a helix along the wellbore. By using the energy method, a set of solutions are obtained for the helix configuration and the radial contact force under the conditions of applied axial force and initial residual bend. These solutions are used to analyze axial load transfer and extended-reach capability of coiled tubing on horizontal wells. It is shown that in a horizontal well, with a relatively small residual bend radius, the existence of residual bend significantly reduces the maximum depth the coiled tubing can reach. Results of this work can be used to enhance job design for extended-reach applications.
Early developmental specification of the thyroid gland depends on<i>han</i>-expressing surrounding tissue and on FGF signals (2007)

The thyroid is an endocrine gland in all vertebrates that develops from the ventral floor of the anterior pharyngeal endoderm. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms of thyroid development helps to understand congenital hypothyroidism caused by the absence or reduction of this gland in newborn humans. Severely reduced or absent thyroid-specific developmental genes concomitant with the complete loss of the functional gland in the zebrafish hands off (han, hand2) mutant reveals the han gene as playing a novel, crucial role in thyroid development. han-expressing tissues surround the thyroid primordium throughout development. Fate mapping reveals that, even before the onset of thyroid-specific developmental gene expression, thyroid precursor cells are in close contact with han-expressing cardiac lateral plate mesoderm. Grafting experiments show that han is required in surrounding tissue, and not in a cell-autonomous manner, for thyroid development. Loss of han expression in the branchial arches and arch-associated cells after morpholino knock-down of upstream regulator genes does not impair thyroid development, indicating that other han-expressing structures, most probably cardiac mesoderm, are responsible for the thyroid defects in han mutants. The zebrafish ace (fgf8) mutant has similar thyroid defects as han mutants, and chemical suppression of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling confirms that this pathway is required for thyroid development. FGF-soaked beads can restore thyroid development in han mutants, showing that FGFs act downstream of or in parallel to han. These data suggest that loss of FGF-expressing tissue in han mutants is responsible for the thyroid defects.
Investigation of an outbreak of antibiotic-associated colitis by various typing methods (1982)

During an outbreak of diarrheal disease due to Clostridium difficile in a surgical ward, 16 C. difficile isolates were cultured from fecal samples of 15 patients. Agarose gel electrophoresis for the detection of plasmid DNA, crossed immunoelectrophoresis for the detection of extracellular antigens and toxins, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for analyses of soluble proteins, assays for cytotoxicity, and a comparison of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents were employed. At least 12 of the 16 isolates were shown to be phenotypically the same strain. These findings suggest that in a hospital setting, diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis caused by C. difficile can be of nosocomial origin and that they can spread from patient to patient.
<i>C</i><sub>1</sub>‐Symmetric Heterocyclic Zirconocenes as Catalysts for Propylene Polymerization, 2 (2005)

Abstract Summary: Sixteen C 1 ‐symmetric zirconocene and one hafnocene complexes bearing the 2,5‐R 2 ‐7H‐cyclopenta[1,2‐ b :4,3‐ b ′]dithiophene ligand (R = H, Me, Et, Ph) linked to a substituted indenyl ligand have been synthesized and tested in propylene polymerization. Most of the C 1 ‐symmetric zirconocenes of this type are highly active in propylene polymerization at low MAO/Zr ratios and produce poly(propylene)s (PP) in a broad range of isotacticity and melting points. The molecular weight and crystallinity of the PPs are strongly dependent upon the type of substituents on the indenyl moiety: PPs with T m between 75 and 156 °C and viscosity average molecular weights between 100 000 and 400 000 have been obtained at 50–70 °C in liquid propylene. General formula of the indenyl‐based zirconocenes. magnified image General formula of the indenyl‐based zirconocenes.
Growth of bovine retinal pericytes and endothelial cells in high hexose concentrations. (1994)

Selective loss of capillary pericytes occurs early in diabetic and galactosemic retinopathies, at a stage when endothelial cells are still spared. To ascertain whether such loss is directly related to high hexose concentrations, the replication of bovine retinal pericytes and endothelial cells was studied by culturing them in media containing 5.6 mmol/l glucose alone and enriched with extra glucose, mannitol or galactose to achieve final concentrations of 16.7, 27.8 and 50.0 mmol/l. At the end of the incubation there were significantly less pericytes/culture cell in 16.7 mmol/l glucose (341 +/- 78 x 10(3), mean +/- SEM, p = 0.027) and galactose (304 +/- 55 x 10(3), p = 0.046) than in 5.6 mmol/l glucose (417 +/- 98 and 355 +/- 75 x 10(3) for separate experiments, respectively). Mannitol had no such effect (343 +/- 52 vs. 337 +/- 52 x 10(3). Endothelial cells did not change in number, except in 50.0 mmol/l glucose (533 +/- 66 vs. 629 +/- 67 x 10(3) at 5.6 mmol/l; p = 0.026) and 50.0 mmol/l galactose (440 +/- 48 vs. 592 +/- 51 x 10(3); p = 0.013). To verify if these effects are due to decreased replication, the uptake of 3H-thymidine was measured in pericytes and endothelial cells subjected to the same concentrations of glucose, mannitol and galactose. In pericytes, thymidine uptake was reduced in the presence of 16.7 mmol/l glucose (p = 0.003, compared to 5.6 mmol/l) and galactose (p = 0.027) but not mannitol. Pericyte counts and thymidine uptake was reduced for concentrations of glucose, galactose and mannitol higher than 16.7 mmol/l.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Functional Analysis of Nuclear Pore Complex Protein Nup62/p62 Using Monoclonal Antibodies (2006)

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is an enormous structure embedded in the double membrane of the nuclear envelope that acts as a passageway for nucleocytoplasmic transport. The vertebrate NPC is comprised of about 30 unique proteins. Nup62/p62, a major component of the NPC, has been reported to interact directly with several nuclear transport factors, including importin-beta and NTF2. However, it has not been shown how the interaction of Nup62/p62 with transport factors is involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport. The present study reports on the preparation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against human Nup62/p62 and a functional analysis of Nup62/p62 using antibodies in living cells. Hybridomas producing the antibodies were produced by the hybridization of mouse myeloma cells with medial iliac lymph node cells from an immunized rat. These MAbs specifically recognized Nup62/p62 as evidenced by immunoblotting analysis using a nuclear membrane fraction. In the immunostaining using MAbs, a punctuate nuclear rim staining pattern was observed. Moreover, cytoplasmic injected-anti-Nup62/p62 MAbs were rapidly targeted to the nuclear pore of cultured cells and some of them inhibited normal cell division, causing the formation of abnormal nuclei. The antibodies described in this study provide the means for immunochemical analyses of the NPC protein Nup62/p62 in mammalian cells, and represent useful molecular tools that should permit a better understanding of the biological roles and cellular dynamics of this protein in nucleocytoplasmic transport, cell division, and nuclear organization.
The Vision Splendid (1990)

As the preceding Sections have demonstrated, Australia has been repre­sented in literary form in a variety of ways by different groups at different periods. It is apparent in so much of that writing that the representation of Australia is of central cultural concern: to describe Australia most convin­cingly is to earn a role as one of the custodians of a particular piece of cultural property. It also becomes apparent that this image-making is polemical, a matter of debate, argument and contest. Each of the images provides a means by which we are taught to identify Australian-ness and is hence a way of characterising a specific version of Australian culture. All are ways of giving form to particular versions of ‘the national experience’ or ‘the national identity’.
Mechanisms and Outcomes of Drug- and Toxicant-Induced Liver Toxicity in Diabetes (2007)

Increase dincidences of hepatotoxicity have been observed in diabetic patients receiving drug therapies. Neither the mechanisms nor the predisposing factors underlying hepatotoxicity in diabetics are clearly understood. Animal studies designed to examine the mechanisms of diabetes-modulated hepatotoxicity have traditionally focused only on bioactivation/detoxification of drugs and toxicants. It is becoming clear that once injury is initiated, additional events determine the final outcome of liver injury. Foremost among them are two leading mechanisms: first, biochemical mechanisms that lead to progression or regression of injury; and second, whether or not timely and adequate liver tissue repair occurs to mitigate injury and restore liver function. The liver has a remarkable ability to repair and restore its structure and function after physical or chemical-induced damage. The dynamic interaction between biotransformation-based liver injury and compensatory tissue repair plays a pivotal role in determining the ultimate outcome of hepatotoxicity initiated by drugs or toxicants. In this review, mechanisms underlying altered hepatotoxicity in diabetes with emphasis on both altered bioactivation and liver tissue repair are discussed. Animal models of both marked sensitivity (diabetic rats) and equally marked protection (diabetic mice) from drug-induced hepatotoxicity are described. These examples represent a remarkable species difference. Availability of the rodent diabetic models offers a unique opportunity to uncover mechanisms of clinical interest in averting human diabetic sensitivity to drug-induced hepatotoxicities. While the rat diabetic models appear to be suitable, the diabetic mouse models might not be suitable in preclinical testing for potential hepatotoxic effects of drugs or toxicants, because regardless of type 1 or type2 diabetes, mice are resistant to acute drug-or toxicant-induced toxicities.
Performance modeling of systems using fair share scheduling with Layered Queueing Networks (2009)

Fair-share scheduling attempts to grant access to a resource based on the amount of “share” that a task possesses. It is widely used in places such as Internet routing, and recently, in the Linux kernel. Software performance engineering is concerned with creating responsive applications and often uses modeling to predict the behaviour of a system before the system is built. This work extends the Layered Queueing Network (LQN) performance model used to model distributed software systems by including hierarchical fair-share scheduling with both guarantees and caps. To exercise the model, the Completely Fair Scheduler, found in recent Linux kernels, is incorporated into PARASOL, the underlying simulation engine of the LQN simulator, lqsim. This simulator is then used to study the effects of fair-share scheduling on a multi-tier implementation of a building security system. The results here show that fair-share scheduling with guarantees is not sufficient when an application is layered into multiple tiers because of contention at lower layers in the system. Fair-share scheduling with caps must be used instead.
Analysis of the suppression of IL-1 <i>alpha</i> and IL-1 <i>beta</i> production in human peripheral blood mononuclear adherent cells by a glucocorticoid hormone. (1988)

The suppression of IL-1 production in human adherent PBMC by a glucocorticoid hormone was studied. From 10(-5) to 10(-8) M glucocorticoid hormone (prednisolone) inhibited both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta production by LPS-stimulated adherent human PBMC in a dose-dependent fashion, as assayed by Western blotting of cell-associated IL-1 and a thymocyte comitogenic bioassay. IL-1 alpha and -beta mRNA levels were concomitantly suppressed by glucocorticoid treatment, as determined by Northern blotting analysis. These data suggest that the suppression of IL-1 activity by glucocorticoids is consistently associated with decreased levels of IL-1 proteins and mRNA expression and therefore presumably regulated at the transcriptional level.
An update on the use of<i>C. elegans</i>for preclinical drug discovery: screening and identifying anti-infective drugs (2017)

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant and -tolerant bacteria is a major threat to human health. Although efforts for drug discovery are ongoing, conventional bacteria-centered screening strategies have thus far failed to yield new classes of effective antibiotics. Therefore, new paradigms for discovering novel antibiotics are of critical importance. Caenorhabditis elegans, a model organism used for in vivo, offers a promising solution for identification of anti-infective compounds. Areas covered: This review examines the advantages of C. elegans-based high-throughput screening over conventional, bacteria-centered in vitro screens. It discusses major anti-infective compounds identified from large-scale C. elegans-based screens and presents the first clinically-approved drugs, then known bioactive compounds, and finally novel small molecules. Expert opinion: There are clear advantages of using a C. elegans-infection based screening method. A C. elegans-based screen produces an enriched pool of non-toxic, efficacious, potential anti-infectives, covering: conventional antimicrobial agents, immunomodulators, and anti-virulence agents. Although C. elegans-based screens do not denote the mode of action of hit compounds, this can be elucidated in secondary studies by comparing the results to target-based screens, or conducting subsequent target-based screens, including the genetic knock-down of host or bacterial genes.
Secure information flow for inter-organisational collaborative environments (2009)

Collaborative environments allow users to share and access data across networks spanning multiple administrative domains and beyond organisational boundaries. This poses several security concerns such as data confidentiality, data privacy and threats to improper data usage. Traditional access control mechanisms focus on centralised systems and implicitly assume that all resources reside in the one domain. This serves as a critical limitation for inter-organisational collaborative environments, which are characteristically decentralised, distributed and heterogeneous. A consequence of the lack of suitable access control mechanisms for inter-organisational collaborative environments is that data owners relinquish all control over data they release. In these environments, we can reasonably consider more complex cases where documents may have multiple contributors, all with differing access control requirements. Facilitating such cases, as well as maintaining control over the documentâs content, its structure and its flow path as it circulates through multiple administrative domains, is a non-trival issue. This thesis proposes an architecture model for specifying and enforcing access control restrictions on sensitive data that follows a pre-defined inter-organisational workflow. Our approach is to embed access control enforcement within the workflow object (e.g. the circulating document containing sensitive data) as opposed to relying on each administrative domain to enforce the access control policies. The architecture model achieves this using cryptographic access control â a concept that relies on cryptography to enforce access control policies.
Immunology of the Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoproteins (1988)

Journal Article Immunology of the Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoproteins Get access Charles Grose, Charles Grose Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa Please address requests for reprints to Dr. Charles Grose, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa 52242. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Virginia Litwin Virginia Litwin Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 157, Issue 5, May 1988, Pages 877–881, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/157.5.877 Published: 01 May 1988
Truncation and Alanine-Scanning Mutants of Type I Adenylyl Cyclase (1995)

A variety of truncated constructs of type I and type II adenylyl cyclase have been synthesized in Sf9 cells using recombinant baculoviruses, as have a number of type I adenylyl cyclases with point mutations. Truncations indicate that the nonconserved C1b and C2b domains of adenylyl cyclase are not necessary for regulation of enzymatic activity by Gs alpha and forskolin. Point mutations demonstrate the requirement for both of the conserved (and homologous) domains of adenylyl cyclase (C1a and C2a) and the nonequivalence of these domains. Linkage of certain effects of mutations on the Km for substrate with alterations of the characteristics of P-site inhibition suggest that ATP and P-site inhibitors may bind to different conformations of the same site. However, other mutations affected only P-site inhibition. Although the mutations studied have not permitted assignment of unique functions to the two homologous domains, they have revealed novel phenotypes that appear to reflect the regulatory complexity of mammalian membrane-bound adenylyl cyclases, including the possibility of oligomerization of the enzymes.
Ultrasonic probe tip (1990)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Tulio Parisi; Ultrasonic probe tip. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 January 1990; 87 (1): 470. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.398942 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Toward Absolute Chemical Composition Distribution Measurement of Polyolefins by High-Temperature Liquid Chromatography Hyphenated with Infrared Absorbance and Light Scattering Detectors (2014)

Chemical composition distribution (CCD) is a fundamental metric for representing molecular structures of copolymers in addition to molecular weight distribution (MWD). Solvent gradient interaction chromatography (SGIC) is commonly used to separate copolymers by chemical composition in order to obtain CCD. The separation of polymer in SGIC is, however, not only affected by chemical composition but also by molecular weight and architecture. The ability to measure composition and MW simultaneously after separation would be beneficial for understanding the impact of different factors and deriving true CCD. In this study, comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography (2D) was coupled with infrared absorbance (IR5) and light scattering (LS) detectors for characterization of ethylene-propylene copolymers. Polymers were first separated by SGIC as the first dimension chromatography (D1). The separated fractions were then characterized by the second dimension (D2) size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with IR5 and LS detectors. The concentrations and compositions of the separated fractions were measured online using the IR5 detector. The MWs of the fractions were measured by the ratio of LS to IR5 signals. A metric was derived from online concentration and composition data to represent CCD breadth. The metric was shown to be independent of separation gradients for an "absolute" measurement of CCD breadth. By combining online composition and MW data, the relationship of MW as a function of chemical composition was obtained. This relationship was qualitatively consistent with the results by SEC coupled to IR5, which measures chemical composition as a function of logMW. The simultaneous measurements of composition and MW give the opportunity to study the SGIC separation mechanism and derive chain architectural characteristics of polymer chains.
Development of a variable rate syndrome sequential decoder based on a stack algorithm (2003)

The design of a soft decision variable rate sequential decoder using a modified stack algorithm is described. The feedback systematic convolutional code is used for encoding, and a syndrome decoding method is used for decoding. The stack decoder searches the most likely paths using the syndrome sequence, which is formed by a syndrome former. A dummy-bit-insertion technique permits effective decoding of high-rate codes, such as R=3/4 and 7/8. It is concluded that since this stack decoder provides a coding gain much higher than the conventional Viterbi decoder, its application to power-limited satellite or space communication systems will make it possible to use transmission power more efficiently and/or to improve the transmission quality.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reinforcement learning based vehicle-cell association algorithm for highly mobile millimeter wave communication (2019)

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is a growing area of communication with a variety of use cases. This paper investigates the problem of vehicle-cell association in millimeter wave (mmWave) communication networks. The aim is to maximize the time average rate per vehicular user (VUE) while ensuring a target minimum rate for all VUEs with low signaling overhead. We first formulate the user (vehicle) association problem as a discrete non-convex optimization problem. Then, by leveraging tools from machine learning, specifically distributed deep reinforcement learning (DDRL) and the asynchronous actor critic algorithm (A3C), we propose a low complexity algorithm that approximates the solution of the proposed optimization problem. The proposed DDRL-based algorithm endows every road side unit (RSU) with a local RL agent that selects a local action based on the observed input state. Actions of different RSUs are forwarded to a central entity, that computes a global reward which is then fed back to RSUs. It is shown that each independently trained RL performs the vehicle-RSU association action with low control overhead and less computational complexity compared to running an online complex algorithm to solve the non-convex optimization problem. Finally, simulation results show that the proposed solution achieves up to 15% gains in terms of sum rate and 20% reduction in VUE outages compared to several baseline designs.