gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excision of Reprogramming Transgenes Improves the Differentiation Potential of iPS Cells Generated with a Single Excisable Vector   (2009)

The residual presence of integrated transgenes following the derivation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells is highly undesirable. Here we demonstrate efficient derivation of iPS cells free of exogenous reprogramming transgenes using an excisable polycistronic lentiviral vector. A novel version of this vector containing a reporter fluorochrome allows direct visualization of vector excision in living iPS cells in real time. We find that removal of the reprogramming vector markedly improves the developmental potential of iPS cells and significantly augments their capacity to undergo directed differentiation in vitro. We further propose that methods to efficiently excise reprogramming transgenes with minimal culture passaging, such as those demonstrated here, are critical since we find that iPS cells may acquire chromosomal abnormalities, such as trisomy of chromosome 8, similar to embryonic stem cells after expansion in culture. Our findings illustrate an efficient method for the generation of transgene-free iPS cells and emphasize the potential beneficial effects that may result from elimination of integrated reprogramming factors. In addition, our results underscore the consequences of long-term culture that will need to be taken into account for the clinical application of iPS cells.
Effect of nanovaccine chemistry on humoral immune response kinetics and maturation (2014)

Acute respiratory infections represent a significant portion of global morbidity and mortality annually. There is a critical need for efficacious vaccines against respiratory pathogens. To vaccinate against respiratory disease, pulmonary delivery is an attractive route because it mimics the route of natural infection and can confer both mucosal and systemic immunity. We have previously demonstrated that a single dose, intranasal vaccine based on polyanhydride nanoparticles elicited a protective immune response against Yersinia pestis for at least 40 weeks after immunization with F1-V. Herein, we investigate the effect of nanoparticle chemistry and its attributes on the kinetics and maturation of the antigen-specific serum antibody response. We demonstrate that manipulation of polyanhydride nanoparticle chemistry facilitated differential kinetics of development of antibody titers, avidity, and epitope specificity. The results provide new insights into the underlying role(s) of nanoparticle chemistry in providing long-lived humoral immunity and aid in the rational design of nanovaccine formulations to induce long-lasting and mature antibody responses.
Hysteretic behavior simulation of novel rhombic mild steel dampers (2015)

Structural vibration control technique is an appropriate and acceptable method to control structural vibration condition and dissipate structural vibration energy during severe earthquakes and violent winds. Metallic dampers are verified to be stable and effective for passive control by many scholars and engineers. Low-yield-point (LYP) steel provides a promising prospect for energy dissipation dampers widely applied in structural engineering practice. Experimental study was conducted on a novel rhombic steel plate damper in former research and numerical simulation of the hysteretic behavior of rhombic dampers was performed in this study. Mechanical performance and implementation of the novel rhombic steel plate damper is briefly introduced in this paper. The hysteretic behavior of the novel rhombic steel plate dampers made of three types of steel was investigated by testing and finite element method. It is concluded that the yield strength enhancement of the rhombic steel damper made of LYP steel is substantial. The numerical simulation results of the hysteretic behavior of the rhombic steel plate damper are similar to the experimental results for these three types of steel. The energy dissipation capability of rhombic LYP steel dampers is excellent and adequate to be used in passive control strategy for civil engineering structures.
Synopses for Massive Data: Samples, Histograms, Wavelets, Sketches (2011)

Synopses for Massive Data: Samples, Histograms, Wavelets, Sketches describes basic principles and recent developments in building approximate synopses (that is, lossy, compressed representations) of massive data. Such synopses enable approximate query processing, in which the user's query is executed against the synopsis instead of the original data. It focuses on the four main families of synopses: random samples, histograms, wavelets, and sketches. A random sample comprises a "representative" subset of the data values of interest, obtained via a stochastic mechanism. Samples can be quick to obtain, and can be used to approximately answer a wide range of queries. A histogram summarizes a data set by grouping the data values into subsets, or "buckets," and then, for each bucket, computing a small set of summary statistics that can be used to approximately reconstruct the data in the bucket. Histograms have been extensively studied and have been incorporated into the query optimizers of virtually all commercial relational DBMSs. Wavelet-based synopses were originally developed in the context of image and signal processing. The data set is viewed as a set of M elements in a vector-i.e., as a function defined on the set {0,1,2,. ,M?1}-and the wavelet transform of this function is found as a weighted sum of wavelet "basis functions." The weights, or coefficients, can then be "thresholded", e.g., by eliminating coefficients that are close to zero in magnitude. The remaining small set of coefficients serves as the synopsis. Wavelets are good at capturing features of the data set at various scales. Sketch summaries are particularly well suited to streaming data. Linear sketches, for example, view a numerical data set as a vector or matrix, and multiply the data by a fixed matrix. Such sketches are massively parallelizable. They can accommodate streams of transactions in which data is both inserted and removed. Sketches have also been used successfully to estimate the answer to COUNT DISTINCT queries, a notoriously hard problem. Synopses for Massive Data describes and compares the different synopsis methods. It also discusses the use of AQP within research systems, and discusses challenges and future directions. It is essential reading for anyone working with, or doing research on massive data.
An Experimental Study of the Electrical Conductivity of Disperse Systems. I. Cream (1925)

Conductivity of suspensions of cream in its skimmed milk.---The well known formula for the conductivity of a suspension of non-conducting spheres is $\frac{({k}_{1}\ensuremath{-}k)}{(2{k}_{1}+k)}=\frac{1}{2}\ensuremath{\rho}$, where $k$ and ${k}_{1}$ are the specific conductivities of the suspension and of the suspending medium and $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is the volume concentration of the disperse phase. This formula was experimentally verified within about 0.5 per cent for values of $\ensuremath{\rho}$ up to 62 per cent, by comparing the values of $\ensuremath{\rho}$ given by the formula with the values obtained directly from the known dilutions. Since the conductivity was found to change with the age, due to incipient souring, measurements were made quickly. Stirring was used instead of shaking to avoid introducing finely divided air, and was effected by using a special cell in which a bead rolled back and forth as the cell was rocked. After stirring was stopped there was a rapid increase of resistance due, perhaps, to the particles taking up an ordered arrangement. The temperature coefficient was found to be the same for the cream as for the skimmed milk, decreasing from 2.65 per cent at 6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 2.12 per cent at 25\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The variation with frequency was a 2 per cent decrease of conductivity as frequency was increased from 1600 to 200,000. These results indicate that the measurement of conductivity furnishes a practical method of determining the butter fat in milk and cream, which is as accurate as those now used.
Phase coherence imaging of grained materials (2011)

Ultrasound detection and evaluation of flaws in materials showing structural noise (austenitic steels, titanium alloys, composites, etc.) is difficult because of the low flaw-to-grain noise ratio. Much research has been performed looking for methods to improve flaw detection in grained materials. Many approaches require a cumbersome tuning process to select the correct parameter values or to use iterative techniques. In this work, the technique of phase coherence imaging is proposed to improve the flaw-to-grain noise ratio. The technique weights the output of a conventional beamformer with a coherence factor obtained from the aperture data phase dispersion. It can be simply implemented in real-time and it operates automatically, without needing any parameter adjustment. This paper presents the theoretical basis of phase coherence imaging to reduce grain noise, as well as experimental results that confirm the expected performance.
Atualização em Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (2009)

Doença do neurônio motor, cursa com atrofia muscular progressiva, de evolução rápida (até cinco anos, em média) e inexorável. Há diversas teorias a respeito de sua etiologia, que se acredita ser multifatorial; seu quadro clínico é variável de acordo com o paciente no que concerne sinais, sintomas, gravidade e evolução. O tratamento atual é multidisciplinar e basicamente paliativo, com média ampliação da sobrevida. As perspectivas futuras para o tratamento se depositam nas células-tronco e fatores de crescimento.
A Survey of the Structures of US FDA Approved Combination Drugs (2018)

Combination drugs are an important class of US FDA approved pharmaceuticals. These drugs have been on a continuous growth trajectory since the first combination drugs were approved in the 1940s. In this Perspective, we report the first comprehensive compilation and analysis of US FDA approved combination drugs, from the first approval in 1943 through 2018. Our database contains 419 combination drugs, which are represented by 328 unique small molecule structures. Breakdown of these drugs according to disease category, structure, combination composition, and year of approval is presented as well as the top 24 most commonly used small molecule combination drug components. For frequently used small molecule components, we present "relationship diagrams" to aid in the visualization of the many drug combinations these structures are part of. The main body contains 10 disease-focused sections wherein every small molecule component utilized as part of a combination for each disease category is displayed.
Arginine deiminases: Therapeutic tools in the etiology and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (2007)

There is, at present, no definitive pre-mortem diagnostic tool for Alzheimer's disease, (AD) which relates to a poor understanding of its etiology. Brains of AD patients contain large amounts of the toxic plaque-forming beta-amyloid1-42 fragment in addition to elevated concentrations of the amino acid L-arginine. This work proposes that lowering levels of arginine in the astrocytes surrounding amyloid plaques may serve as a therapeutic tool in this neurodegenerative disorder. Arginine deiminase (ADI), from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and peptidylarginine deiminase [PAD II], from bovine brain, are inhibited by amyloid peptides that contain arginine (amyloid1-42) and those that have no arginine (amyloid12-28/22-35). Enhanced activity of PAD II is noted with free L-arginine.
Tracking Drugs (2013)

A method for measuring the extent to which a drug binds its intended target in vivo involves determining the thermostability of the target.
An integrated strategy of resource engineering and control for ATM networks (2002)

As the communication networks have evolved toward supporting broadband services, design of resource engineering and management has become more complicated and difficult. In this paper, we deal with the associated issues and present an integrated strategy of resource engineering and control. To accommodate various service characteristics and to satisfy their quality demands, methodologies of resource engineering are derived. Based on the well-engineered results, we further develop policy of resource control to effectively allocate network resources, so as to reduce the processing overhead of resource control and management during the setup phase.
Dat - Distributed Dataset Synchronization And Versioning (2017)

Dat is a protocol designed for streaming datasets over networks. Data in Dat Streams can be accessed ran- domly or fully replicated, be updated incrementally, and have the integrity of their contents be trusted. Dat clients can simultaneously be uploading and/or downloading, exchanging pieces of data with other clients over Dat Streams in a swarm on demand. Datasets can be multi-homed such that if the original source goes offline clients can choose to automatically discover additional sources. As data is added to a Dat repository, updated files are split into pieces using Rabin fingerprinting and deduplicated against known pieces to avoid retransmission of data. Dat Streams are automatically verified using secure hashes mean- ing data is protected against tampering or corruption. Dat guarantees privacy if the Dat Link is kept secret, but does not provide authentication of sources, only authentication of data.
Physiological Saline is not a Biocompatible Peritoneal Dialysis Solution (1999)

1) Daily infusion of physiological saline into peritoneal cavity may increase the peritoneal lymphatic flow; 2) The significant (apparent) increase in IPV shortly after infusion may suggest increased RISA binding to peritoneal tissues (which may be related to the damage of the tissues, and results in overestimation of the peritoneal fluid absorption rate); 3) Saline is not a biocompatible peritoneal dialysis solution, and should therefore not be used as a control or flush solution.
A Tunable Bandpass BAW-Filter Architecture and Its Application to WCDMA Filter (2005)

We present a tunable bandpass BAW-filter based in a first step on a hybrid integration concept to demonstrate the validity of our architecture and to evaluate the potential of such filters. The filter consists of two cascaded lattices incorporating four BAW resonators, coupled with high-Q inductors and wide tuning range active varactors. The simulated results show that it is possible to compensate ±1% deviation on the filter center frequency. The prototype is currently in manufacturing and the experimental results will be available for the conference.
System performance measurements for an all-optical header processor using 100-Gb/s packets (1999)

We experimentally measure the eye diagram of an all-optical header processor using a crosscorrelator to achieve picosecond resolution. By varying 100-Gb/s header packets, we measure an eye diagram with a Q-value of 7.1 at 12-pJ packet pulse energy for the all-optical header processor consisting of all-optical logic gates and synchronized fiber lasers. From the Q-value, we also statistically calculate the potential bit-error-rate performance of 7.0/spl times/10/sup -13/. By measuring the change in Q-values as a function of input power, we find that input power fluctuations degrade the performance of the header processor by reducing the switching contrast of the logic gates in the header processor.
Study of Circadian Melatonin Secretion Pattern at Different Stages of Parkinson's Disease (2003)

To explore changes in melatonin secretion patterns and biologic rhythms in Parkinson's disease patients with or without levodopa-related motor complications (LDRMCs), the authors investigated, in an observational study, circadian rhythms of central temperature, motor activity, plasma cortisol, and melatonin in three groups: de novo untreated patients (group I), patients treated with levodopa + dopamine agonist and without LDRMCs (group II), and patients treated with levodopa + dopamine agonist and with LDRMCs (group III). There were no differences among the three groups for the rhythm of temperature, motor activity, or plasma cortisol. There was a significant (p < 0.05) phase advance in plasma melatonin secretion in patients receiving a dopaminergic treatment compared with untreated patients. The daytime area under the curve (AUC) was increased significantly in group III, and the nighttime AUC-to-daytime AUC ratio of melatonin secretion decreased significantly in group III, suggesting that the nychthemeral pattern of melatonin secretion was changed in patients with LDRMCs. Comparison of the three groups suggests a slight but insignificant phase advance and amplitude decrease of circadian melatonin secretion related to both evolution and treatment of Parkinson's disease. Despite the lack of a global desynchronization in other circadian biologic rhythms, the circadian secretion pattern of melatonin is modified in patients with LDRMCs.
Closed-loop Control of Anesthesia Using Bispectral Index (2002)

The system was able to provide clinically adequate anesthesia in 9 of 10 patients. Further studies are required to determine whether control performance can be improved by alterations to the gain factors or by using an effect site-targeted, target-controlled infusion propofol system.
Aziridinium from <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dibenzyl Serine Methyl Ester:  Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure β-Amino and α,β-Diamino Esters (2006)

[reaction: see text] Reaction of N,N-dibenzyl-O-methylsulfonyl serine methyl ester with a variety of heteronucleophiles (sodium azide, sodium phthalimide, amines, thiols) and carbanions (sodium malonate) gave, via an aziridinium intermediate, the corresponding beta-amino or alpha,beta-diamino ester in good to excellent yield. A short synthesis of orthogonally protected and enantiomerically pure 2,3-diamino propionate (Dap) is described.
Parallel fuzzy connected image segmentation on GPU (2011)

The authors developed a parallel algorithm of the widely used fuzzy connected image segmentation method on the NVIDIA GPUs, which are far more cost- and speed-effective than both cluster of workstations and multiprocessing systems. A near-interactive speed of segmentation has been achieved, even for the large data set.
PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY INDUCED ULTRASTRUCTURAL ALTERATIONS IN MICROVASCULATURE OF THE RAT CREMASTER MUSCLE (1988)

Abstract— Photodynamic therapy disrupts blood flow to tumors and produces tumor necrosis. These effects may be due to a localized generation of singlet oxygen. The current studies used direct observations of the rat cremaster microvasculature to examine the vascular effects of PDT. The objective of the morphological examination was to delineate the structural basis for the altered blood flow in photodynamic therapy. Dihematoporphyrin ether given 30 min or 48 h prior to the experiment was activated with green light (wavelength530–560 nm, 120 J/cm 2 ). After the in vivo activation the tissues were prepared for electron microscopy. Light alone induced little or no change in the luminal content or vessel wall. On exposure to activating light both acute (30 min) and long term (48 h) dihematoporphyrin ether pretreated samples displayed formation of luminal aggregates, granulocyte margination and migration, and endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell damage. The latter was more pronounced in the arterioles than the venules. Perivascular changes included interstitial edema and damage to striated myocytes. Some of the alterations such as interstitial edema may be transient; however, smooth and skeletal muscle cell injury are important in normal and tumor tissue necrosis after photodynamic therapy.
Studies on Autoimmunity for Initiation of β-Cell Destruction: VI. Macrophages Essential for Development of β-Cell–Specific Cytotoxic Effectors and Insulitis in NOD Mice (1990)

NOD mice were treated with silica (which is selectively toxic to macrophages) from 4 or 20.5 wk of age. Syngeneic neonatal pancreases were transplanted into the renal subcapsular space of the NOD mice at 21 wk of age. Silica treatment was continued until 24 wk of age, and then the mice were killed for examination of islet morphology. Neither the islets in transplanted pancreases nor the host pancreatic islets from the early long-term silica-treated animals revealed insulitis. In contrast, most of the islets in transplanted pancreases from the late short-term silica-treated animals showed severe insulitis and beta-cell necrosis, as did the host islets. A further experiment was performed to compare the effect of late short-term silica treatment with that of anti-L3T4-antibody treatment of the same time and duration. In contrast to the late short-term silica-treated animals, the transplanted pancreases in the anti-L3T4-antibody-treated animals revealed intact islets, although most of the host islets showed insulitis. The control group, which received no treatment but did receive neonatal pancreases, revealed severe insulitis and beta-cell necrosis of both transplanted and host islets. These results suggest that early macrophage depletion can abolish the development of beta-cell-specific immunologic effectors but that late macrophage depletion, after the development of insulitis, does not affect the destruction of beta-cells by preexisting effectors other than macrophages. We conclude that macrophages are essential for the development of beta-cell-specific cytotoxic effectors in the initial phase of insulitis in NOD mice.
The Brain Metabolic Patterns of Clozapine- and Fluphenazine-Treated Patients With Schizophrenia During a Continuous Performance Task (1997)

These changes are consistent with the idea that neuroleptic drugs lead to "compensation" and "adaptation" rather than "normalization" of the functional activities of brain structures in schizophrenia. The overall similarity of their global and regional metabolic effects suggests that both classes of antipsychotic drugs share some common mechanisms of action. One possibility is that of inducing a shift in the balance of cortical to limbic cortex activity. Differential effects in the inferior prefrontal cortex and the basal ganglia might underlie differences in the therapeutic efficacy and side effect profile of clozapine and fluphenazine.
Design criteria for the RF section of long range passive RFID systems (2005)

We have derived a set of consistent design criteria for the RF section of long range passive RFID transponders, operating in the 916 MHz and 2.45 GHz ISM frequency ranges. In particul.ar, we describe the design criteria for the voltage multiplier, for the power matching network between the antenna and the non linear circuit represented by the voltage multiplier, and for the modulator of the backscattered radiation. We discuss the various design tradeoffs and determine the regions of the design space that allow us to maximize the operating range of the RFlD system.