gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanosecond-Pulsed Discharges for Plasma-Assisted Combustion and Aerodynamics (2008)

The efficiency of nanosecond discharges as an active-particle generator for plasma-assisted combustion and ignition has been shown. The kinetics of alkane oxidation have been investigated from methane to decane in stoichiometric and lean mixtures with oxygen and air at room temperature under the action of high-voltage nanosecond unform discharge. The study of nanosecond barrier discharge influence on a flame propagation and flame blowoff velocity has been carried out. A significant increase of the flame blowoff velocity has been demonstrated. A decrease of 2-3 orders of magnitude of the plasma-assisted ignition delay time in comparison with the autoignition has been registered. Detonation initiating by high-voltage gas discharge has been demonstrated. The energy deposition in the discharge ranging from 70 mJ to 12 J for propane-oxygen-nitrogen mixtures leads to the transition to detonation at a distance of less than one diameter of the detonation tube. The influence of pulsed surface dielectric discharge on the flow separation for airfoils at a high angle of attack has been investigated within the velocity range from 20 to 110 m/s for the power consumption less than 1 W/cm of the wing span. The conclusion has been made that the main mechanism of plasma impact is the boundary-layer turbulization rather than acceleration.
REPDL: Research-oriented e-learning platform based on digital library (2017)

In accordance with the researchers, students, and faculty' need to use the digital library for efficient literature investigation and knowledge learning, this paper proposes REPDL, a research-oriented e-learning platform based on digital library. REPDL includes the structural literature organization and reading route planning mechanism based on knowledge map, the personalized research progress management, the key information marker & sharing mechanism, and the Fine-grained multi-dimensional cooperative research network and multi-level communication mechanism. The design of REPDL is in accordance with the constructivism-based learning theory. The main target is to further integrate the massive literature resources and the communication channels of digital library, comprehensively use various advanced technologies such as data mining, artificial intelligence, machine learning, visualization technology and social networking, in order to provide the researcher-oriented professional knowledge architecture and the hierarchical literature navigation services to high-level learners, reduce the learners' cognitive load, and effectively prevent disorientation during learning. With REPDL, especially with the automatically personalized manage research progress and the key information marker interface, the literature reading can be more efficient and more satisfy personalized requirements of learners. The researcher cooperative communication network and positioning function of REPDL ensures that learners at different research phases can conduct clearer knowledge communications on multiple levels.
Temperature Effects on Soybean Imbibition and Leakage (1980)

As a part of an analysis of the nature of chilling injury to seeds, measurements were made of the initial linear rates of water entry into and solute leakage out of cotyledons of soybean at various temperatures. Arrhenius plots were approximately linear for water entry into both living and dead cotyledons, with the slope (and activation energy) for entry into living cells being insignificantly higher than for dead cells, suggesting little effect of membrane barriers on water entry. The plots for solute leakage showed 10-fold lower leakage rates from living than from dead tissues; a reversal of slope in the Arrhenius plot at temperatures below 15 C reflected increasing leakage rates, interpreted as a quantitative disruption of membrane reorganization at the temperatures associated with chilling injury.
GSK-3β inhibition/β-catenin stabilization in ventral midbrain precursors increases differentiation into dopamine neurons (2004)

Wnts are important regulators of dopamine (DA) neuron differentiation in the developing ventral mesencephalon and could thus serve as potential tools in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In this study, we investigate whether established intracellular Wnt signalling components could modulate the development of DA neurons. Two chemical inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta, indirubin-3-monoxime and kenpaullone, were found to increase neuronal differentiation in ventral mesencephalon precursor cultures. In addition, the GSK-3beta-specific inhibitor kenpaullone increased the size of the DA neuron population through conversion of precursors expressing the orphan nuclear receptor-related factor 1 into tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons, thereby mimicking an effect of Wnts. We show that GSK-3beta inhibitors stabilized beta-catenin and that overexpression of beta-catenin in ventral mesencephalic precursors resulted in increased DA differentiation. The three- to fivefold increase in DA differentiation of precursor cells by GSK-3beta inhibitors suggests that such compounds could be used to improve stem/precursor cell therapy approaches in Parkinson's disease.
Structure and physical properties of epoxide‐treated tussah silk fibers (1992)

Abstract The structural characteristics and physical properties of epoxide‐treated tussah silk fibers from Antheraea pernyi silkworm are discussed in relation to the increasing weight gain values. Ethyleneglycol diglycidylether (E) and glycerin diglycidylether (G) were used as modifying agents. The noticeably high weight gain values (about 140%) obtained were attributed to the catalytic effect of SCN − anion absorbed by the fibers during the pretreatment under reduced pressure conditions. The amino acid analysis showed that epoxide G exhibited a slightly higher reactivity toward tyrosine, while arginine preferably reacted with epoxide E. The peak of loss modulus ( E ″) determined by dynamic viscoelastic measurements became broader and its position linearly shifted to lower temperature when the weight gain increased, and a minor peak appeared in the low‐temperature region below 50°C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms showed that the position of the decomposition peak of modified silk fibers shifted to lower temperature with increasing weight gain values. The minor and broad endothermic peaks, appearing in the reference sample at about 234 and 290°C, disappeared by epoxide treatment. X‐ray diffraction patterns of tussah silk fibers suggested that the epoxide treatment does not affect directly the crystalline regions but causes a decrease of molecular orientation in the amorphous regions. Both briefringence (Δ n ) and isotropic refractive index ( n iso ) of tussah silk fibers decreased by the reaction with epoxides, although with different rate and extent, confirming the decrease of average molecular orientation. The extent of decrease of strength and elongation depends on the kind of epoxide and on the weight gain value. Epoxide‐treated tussah silk fibers did not show significant changes of surface characteristics as the weight gain values attained up to 60%.
Tuning the Selectivity of Photocatalytic Synthetic Reactions Using Modified TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes (2014)

Differently modified TiO2 nanotubes were used to achieve a drastic change in the selectivity of a photocatalytic reaction. For the photocatalytic oxidation of toluene, depending on the electronic properties of TiO2 (anatase, rutile, Ru-doped), a strong change in the main reaction product (namely benzoic acid versus benzaldehyde) can be achieved, and certain undesired reaction pathways can be completely shut down.
Privacy-Preserving Medical Reports Publishing for Cluster Analysis (2014)

Health data mining is an emerging research direction. High-quality health data mining results rely on having access to high-quality patient information. Yet, releasing patient-specific medical reports may potentially reveal sensitive information of the individual patients. In this paper, we study the problem of anonymizing medical reports and present a solution to anonymize a collection of medical reports while preserving the information utility of the medical reports for the purpose of cluster analysis. Experimental results show that our proposed approach can the impact of anonymization on the cluster quality is minor, suggesting that the feasibility of simultaneously preserving both information utility and privacy in anonymous medical reports.
Improved Treatment of the Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (1984)

The Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), a disease resulting in greater than 30% body surface area epidermal and mucosal desquamation, is reported to have a mortality of greater than 50%. Recommended treatment has included steroids, prophylactic antibiotics, nutritional support, and application of topical antibacterials. Since the lesions represent only epidermal loss without dermal necrosis, rapid reepithelialization should occur if the dermis is protected from desiccation with a biological dressing. Five nonburned patients with severe SJS were treated in the University of Washington burn center, Seattle, with urgent operative debridement of their wounds and application of porcine xenograft immediately after admission. Steroid administration was stopped. Antibiotics were used only for culture-proved infections. All patients completely re-epithelialized within a mean of 18 days. There was one death, a 9-year-old boy who was completely re-epithelialized when sudden fatal sepsis that originated from a ventriculovenous shunt placed when he was an infant developed. In this group of patients, rapid wound closure with xenograft and supportive care permitted rapid reepithelialization and decreased mortality and morbidity.
Ultrasonic gas densitometer (1989)

The need for a compact device to monitor density of gases gave rise to an R&D project to look into the possibilities of using ultrasonic probes to measure density of gases. Through measurements of ultrasonic transducer impedance around the resonant frequency, it is shown experimentally and through simple theoretical considerations that the density of gases can be monitored using equivalent impedance of ultrasonic transducers placed in the medium to be monitored. The simple theory behind the principle and experimental results are presented in this paper. The promising results indicate that the technique can be combined with ultrasonic volumetric flowmeters to give mass flow without resorting to a separate density meter, as is the practice nowadays. The preliminary results obtained using nitrogen are presented here.
THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF THE FOLATE ANTAGONISTS IN MAN. (1963)

Summary The folate antagonists, in particular amethopterin (methotrexate), continue to be useful drugs for the treatment of certain neoplastic diseases in man. The effectiveness of amethopterin in preventing DNA synthesis and cellular replication appears to be a consequence of inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. This premise is supported by in vivo studies which show that in patients treated with amethopterin, the conversion of folate to reduced forms is blocked, as well as in vitro studies which demonstrate that amethopterin inhibits this enzyme activity at remarkably low concentrations. The administration of amethopterin to subjects with leukemia as well as to subjects without hematologic disease results in increased dihydrofolate reductase activity in leukocytes and erythrocytes. This “induction” of dihydrofolate reductase activity parallels the amethopterin concentration in blood cells. The binding of the folate antagonist to the reductase enzyme is tightest at pH 5.9. Because of the in vitro assay conditions (dilution of the enzyme and inhibitor and assay at pH 8.3), this increase in enzyme activity observed in vitro may not represent a true increase of enzyme activity, since most of the increased enzyme activity may be bound by amethopterin within the cell. A knowledge of the ability of leukemic cells to transport and retain amethopterin may be of value in the prediction of responsiveness to therapy with this agent. However, other factors that deserve further investigation are cited that may also influence responsiveness.
BRODIFACOUM (TALON™ RODENTICIDE), A NOVEL CONCEPT (1978)

ABSTRACT: Brodifacoum, a new rodenticide, is described. This anticoagulant is shown to be of exceptional potency and capable of controlling resistant rodents as well as several non-commensal species. Results demonstrate that, in contrast to first generation anticoagulants, a bait concentra-tion of only 50 ppm is adequate to give control and in only a single feeding for most species. In common with other anticoagulants, vitamin K1 is an effective antidote. In contrast with other acute rodenticides, symptoms are delayed and no bait shyness is observed. The results of laboratory and field trials from many parts of the world are summarized and comparisons of efficacy and specificity with other rodenticides are made. In all cases, brodifacoum is shown to be an exceptional rodenticide, the single feeding action of which offers novel rodent control applications. The discovery of warfarin (Link, 1945) and exploitation of anticoagulants as rodenticides (O&apos;Connors, 1948) dramatically increased the efficacy and safety of rodent control programs. The chronic, anti-dotable action of warfarin eliminated the hazards of acute baits and the need for prebaiting, as bait
Isolation of Low-n Amyloid β-Protein Oligomers from Cultured Cells, CSF, and Brain (2010)

Recent data suggest that soluble, non-fibrillar assemblies of the amyloid β-protein (Aβ) may mediate the synaptic deficits that characterize the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Consequently, much effort has been expended in isolating and studying a variety of different Aβ assemblies. Here, we describe the use of immunoprecipitation/western blotting and size exclusion chromatography/western blotting to characterize Aβ present in conditioned medium from cultured cells, human cerebrospinal fluid, and human cortex extracted with aqueous buffer, detergent, and formic acid.
State-of-the-Art, Single-Phase, Active Power-Factor-Correction Techniques for High-Power Applications—An Overview (2005)

A review of high-performance, state-of-the-art, active power-factor-correction (PFC) techniques for high-power, single-phase applications is presented. The merits and limitations of several PFC techniques that are used in today's network-server and telecom power supplies to maximize their conversion efficiencies are discussed. These techniques include various zero-voltage-switching and zero-current-switching, active-snubber approaches employed to reduce reverse-recovery-related switching losses, as well as techniques for the minimization of the conduction losses. Finally, the effect of recent advancements in semiconductor technology, primarily silicon-carbide technology, on the performance and design considerations of PFC converters is discussed.
Enhancement of Pt and Pt-alloy fuel cell catalyst activity and durability via nitrogen-modified carbon supports (2010)

Insufficient catalytic activity and durability are key barriers to the commercial deployment of low temperature polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and direct-methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Recent observations suggest that carbon-based catalyst support materials can be systematically doped with nitrogen to create strong, beneficial catalyst-support interactions which substantially enhance catalyst activity and stability. Data suggest that nitrogen functional groups introduced into a carbon support appear to influence at least three aspects of the catalyst/support system: 1) modified nucleation and growth kinetics during catalyst nanoparticle deposition, which results in smaller catalyst particle size and increased catalyst particle dispersion, 2) increased support/catalyst chemical binding (or “tethering”), which results in enhanced durability, and 3) catalyst nanoparticle electronic structure modification, which enhances intrinsic catalytic activity. This review highlights recent studies that provide broad-based evidence for these nitrogen-modification effects as well as insights into the underlying fundamental mechanisms.
Enabling Coexistence of ZigBee and WiFi (2015)

Spectrum scarcity is known to be main obstacle to scaling of wireless network capacity. Spectrum sharing is a solution to this problem. The unlicensed ISM band is getting crowded by WLAN and WPAN users and devices. Spectrum sharing within the devices of same network is not a problem. But coexistence of WLAN and WPAN (eg: WiFi and ZigBee) is a challenging problem. Spectrum sharing among these networks will surely improve spectrum utilization .WiFi and ZigBee uses 2.4 GHz ISM band. Different methods had been adopted to improve the coexistence of ZigBee and WiFi .Some methods are discussed here. Each of them has some disadvantages .To tackle these challenges a new system called WiseBee is used which help in the coexistence of ZigBee and WiFi. It uses a single antenna sink without changing WiFi and ZigBee design .The sink works in following steps: The signal from the RF front end will be processed firstly .If the WiFi interference is detected, system will process the WiFi decoding and use decoded data for accurate channel coefficient estimation .After that, the WiFi signal is removed by interference cancellation module, where the residual signal can be used for ZigBee decoding. Then we find out a channel for ZigBee transmission.
Effect of <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> lethal toxin on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (2002)

Lethal toxin (LeTx) plays a central role in anthrax pathogenesis, however a cytotoxicity of LeTx has been difficult to demonstrate in vitro. No cytolytic effect has been reported for human cells, in contrast to murine cell lines, indicating that cell lysis can not be considered as a marker of LeTx activity. We have recently shown that murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells treated with LeTx or infected with anthrax spores underwent changes typical of apoptotic death. Here we demonstrate that cells from human peripheral blood display a proapoptotic behavior similar to murine cells. TUNEL assay detected a nucleosomal degradation typical of apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) treated with LeTx. Membrane staining with apoptotic dyes was detected in macrophages derived from monocytes in presence of LeTx. The toxin inhibited production of proinflammatory cytokines in PBMC stimulated with a preparation of Bacillus anthracis cell wall. Infection of PBMC with anthrax spores led to the appearance of a large population of cells stained positively for apoptosis, with a reduced capacity to eliminate spores and vegetative bacteria. The aminopeptidase inhibitor, bestatin, capable of protecting cells from LeTx, restored a bactericidal activity of infected cells. These findings may be explained by LeTx expression within phagocytes and support an important role of LeTx as an early intracellular virulence factor contributing to bacterial dissemination and disease progression.
Fatty acid desaturase 1 polymorphisms are associated with coronary heart disease in a Chinese population. (2012)

rs174547 in FADS1 may contribute to the susceptibility of CHD by altering HDL-C and TG levels in Chinese individuals.
Complete Plasmodium falciparum liver-stage development in liver-chimeric mice (2012)

Plasmodium falciparum, which causes the most lethal form of human malaria, replicates in the host liver during the initial stage of infection. However, in vivo malaria liver-stage (LS) studies in humans are virtually impossible, and in vitro models of LS development do not reconstitute relevant parasite growth conditions. To overcome these obstacles, we have adopted a robust mouse model for the study of P. falciparum LS in vivo: the immunocompromised and fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase-deficient mouse (Fah-/-, Rag2-/-, Il2rg-/-, termed the FRG mouse) engrafted with human hepatocytes (FRG huHep). FRG huHep mice supported vigorous, quantifiable P. falciparum LS development that culminated in complete maturation of LS at approximately 7 days after infection, providing a relevant model for LS development in humans. The infections allowed observations of previously unknown expression of proteins in LS, including P. falciparum translocon of exported proteins 150 (PTEX150) and exported protein-2 (EXP-2), components of a known parasite protein export machinery. LS schizonts exhibited exoerythrocytic merozoite formation and merosome release. Furthermore, FRG mice backcrossed to the NOD background and repopulated with huHeps and human red blood cells supported reproducible transition from LS infection to blood-stage infection. Thus, these mice constitute reliable models to study human LS directly in vivo and demonstrate utility for studies of LS-to-blood-stage transition of a human malaria parasite.
Focus on topiramate in neuropathic pain (2004)

Topiramate is a drug that has shown efficacy in the treatment of epilepsy. A survey of MEDLINE, EMBASE and the American Academy of Neurology Abstracts reveals there is now evidence that topiramate is also effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain. The dose that has been studied ranges from 25 mg to 800 mg with a suggested dose of 400 mg daily. However, further randomized, double blind studies are needed to confirm this new use of topiramate and explore the proper dose and mechanism of action. Topiramate is conspicuous amongst the antiepileptic drugs for being well tolerated and having fewer drug interactions. Thus, it might offer an advantage over such drugs.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Protected Ketohexoses via Aldol Reaction of Chiral Dioxanone Enolate (1999)

Lithium and boron enolates of 2,2-dialkyl-1,3-dioxa-5-ones react with aldehydes to give aldol products in high diastereoselectivity and, when chiral lithium enolates are generated using optically pure chiral lithium amide bases, in high enantioselectivity. Dioxanone lithium enolates react readily with protected glyceraldehyde affording protected ketohexoses in high diastereo- and enantiomeric purity.
Cell analysis system based on immunomagnetic cell selection and alignment followed by immunofluorescent analysis using compact disk technologies (2000)

We conclude that our system is as capable as a standard flow cytometer or hematology analyzer for a reliable routine white blood cell analysis, including immunophenotyping, and can be used as an easy-to-handle disposable white blood cell test.
Blood Volume Measurement to Guide Fluid Therapy After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (2009)

Guiding fluid management on daily measurements of blood volume reduces the incidence of severe hypovolemia after SAH. The effects on neurological outcome should be studied.
The Gemini Process: A Theatrical-Quality Video-to-Film Transfer Process (1989)

A system is described for transferring video program material to film. The system provides for increased spatial resolution with a subjective improvement in image quality. Image processing hardware and software enable various treatments of source material for optimum visual quality of the final transferred image. Special hardware has been developed for controlled film recording of images. Applications include film finish of motion pictures made for television, special effects produced in the video domain put on film for composition in film post-production, and standards conversion.