gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Improved MWK Structure for Composite Reinforcement (2005)

An improved MWK structure with a double loop pillar stitch is presented in this work. Its structural features, knitting process, and mechanical properties are analyzed and compared with a common tricot MWK structure. The results show that the improved MWK structure with the double loop pillar stitch has better mechanical properties than the common MWK structure with the tricot stitch.
Contraction signaling to glucose transport in skeletal muscle (2005)

Contracting skeletal muscles acutely increases glucose transport in both healthy individuals and in people with Type 2 diabetes, and regular physical exercise is a cornerstone in the treatment of the disease. Glucose transport in skeletal muscle is dependent on the translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters to the cell surface. It has long been believed that there are two major signaling mechanisms leading to GLUT4 translocation. One mechanism is insulin-activated signaling through insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The other is an insulin-independent signaling mechanism that is activated by contractions, but the mediators of this signal are still unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that the energy-sensing enzyme AMP-activated protein kinase plays an important role in contraction-stimulated glucose transport. However, more recent studies in transgenic and knockout animals show that AMP-activated protein kinase is not the sole mediator of the signal to GLUT4 translocation and suggest that there may be redundant signaling pathways leading to contraction-stimulated glucose transport. The search for other possible signal intermediates is ongoing, and calcium, nitric oxide, bradykinin, and the Akt substrate AS160 have been suggested as possible candidates. Further research is needed because full elucidation of an insulin-independent signal leading to glucose transport would be a promising pharmacological target for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
Agronomic Performance of Barley Lines Derived from Tissue Culture (1995)

The practical application of in vitro genetic manipulations to plant breeding may be hindered by unselected and potentially undesirable somacional variation. To determine the potential for recovering cultivars from tissue cultures without somaclonai variation, 30 families of tissue culture derived lines from six barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were analyzed for agronomic performance. Each family was derived from a single regenerated plant that in turn was derived from an immature embryo callus culture. Four tosix R 2 plants were selected from each family based on phenotypic similarity to the uncultured parental controls. One‐hundred‐seventy‐four R 2 derived lines were advanced by bulking to the R 5 generation. The results of replicated field trials indicated that the agronomic performance for the majority of these lines was altered by passage through tissue culture and that the alterations were generally undesirable. Cultivar‐dependent differences were noted in the frequency and degree of agronomic alterations. Families within cultivars was an important source of variation, but selections within families was not. Successful selection of tissue culture derived barley lines without somocional variation therefore may be cultivar dependent and may require screening large populations of regenerated plants.
DNS of Turbulent Combustion in Complex Flows. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
Si QDots: Where Does Photoluminescence Come From? (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Conclusion Acknowledgments References
Noise analysis for optical frequency conversion using nearly degenerate four wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifier (1993)

For future wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) networks, optical frequency conversion will enable the flexible and efficient use of optical frequency bandwidth. However, the signal degradation at frequency converters limits the maximum size of the network. Noise due to optical frequency conversion using nearly degenerate four wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier is investigated, and it is found that the crosstalk from one of the two pump lasers can impose the power penalty on the bit error rate (BER) characteristics after optical frequency conversion. Analytical expressions for BER are developed and used to evaluate the receiver sensitivity penalty caused by optical frequency conversion. On the basis of these results the optimal setting of the frequency difference between the signal and pump lasers and the power ratio of the two pump lasers are discussed. A 155-Mb/s frequency-shift keying (FSK) transmission with 1750-GHz (14 nm) optical frequency conversion has been carried out, using a novel phase noise cancellation method. The BER performance is in good agreement with the calculated results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies on a novel cytocidal antibiotic, trienomycin A. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, and physico-chemical and biological characteristics. (1985)

A new antibiotic, trienomycin A, has been isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. No. 83-16. The physico-chemical characteristics of the antibiotic suggested that it belongs to the group of ansamycin antibiotics with a triene moiety in the molecule. The molecular formula of trienomycin A is C36H50N2O7 (MW 622). The antibiotic possesses potent cytocidal activity against HeLa S3 and PLC hepatoma cells at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.01 micrograms/ml (IC50 value) respectively. However, trienomycin A showed no antimicrobial activity against the bacteria, fungi and yeasts examined with the exception of weak activity versus Piricularia oryzae at a concentration of 1,000 micrograms/ml.
Immobilizing Au Nanoparticles on SiO<sub>2</sub> Surfaces Using Octadecylsiloxane Monolayers (2001)

Gold nanoparticles were immobilized on silicon dioxide (SiO2) surfaces by embedding them in a layer of octadecylsiloxane (ODS) and also in SiO2 layers created by deposition and oxidation of ODS layers. The ODS and the SiO2 layers form selectively around the nanoparticles. Analysis of the particles after several deposition/oxidation cycles showed a decrease in measured height in accordance with the number of deposited layers. Following one embedding cycle, the nanoparticles could not be moved with the tip of a scanning force microscope operated in dynamic mode, whereas they moved in a controlled fashion prior to the deposition of any layer. Depositing a second set of particles onto an ODS layer in contact with the substrate allowed us to construct a two-particle column by placing one particle directly on top of another one.
A study of hybrid bonded magnets of Sm-Co and Sr-ferrite using a mixture design (2012)

The present paper deals with the study of hybrid polymer bonded magnets of strontium ferrite and samarium cobalt. A three-component constrained mixture design, employing ten runs for the experiment, was used. The magnetic properties such as remanence (Br), coercivity (Hc), and energy product (B.H)max were used as the response. The results are modeled in the form of mathematical equations to predict the response as a function of the samarium cobalt and strontium ferrite permanent magnet powders percentage and polymer content. The predicted results from the obtained mathematical equation are compared with the experimentally measured values.
Oil Separation in Crankcase Ventilation - New Concepts Through System Analysis and Measurements (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In closed crankcase ventilation systems, the oil-loaded blow-by is fed back into the intake air. Due to the incomplete combustion of the oil, it produces higher particle and hydrocarbon emissions, a reduced catalytic converter lifetime, and deposits in the intake manifold.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A survey of state-of-the-art ventilation systems is given. The procedures for measuring the ventilation aerosol on the engine and the requisite measuring instruments, especially for determining the particle size distribution, are described. The results of the measurements prove the usually unsatisfactory separation efficiency of the production parts.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A significant increase in separation efficiencies can be obtained by using nonwovens. To optimize the construction concerned, several measurements with varied separation parameters of the nonwovens were conducted on an oil mist test bench.</div>
What is Signal Processing? (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Chapter Objectives Introduction Book Objectives DSP and ITS Applications Application Case Studies Using DSP Overview of Learning Objectives Conventions Used in This Book Chapter Summary
Worldwide review of power disturbances (1988)

A detailed survey of power quality around the world produced a collection of statistical data, of which the author presents samples collected and offers some analytical interpretations. He examines the implications these data have for requirements and on products built for protecting computers and other electronic equipment against power problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adaptive trajectory/force control scheme for constrained robot manipulators (1993)

Abstract An adaptive control scheme for the trajectory/force tracking of robot manipulators is presented. Asymptotic stability of state variables and convergence of constraint forces to any prespecified set are proven. The design procedure avoids the restrictive solvability condition of the constraint equation in the whole space of robot co‐ordinates. A fairly accurate bound of the tracking error is derived by means of a Lyapunov analysis.
Eliminating microleakage from the composite resin system. (2004)

Research indicates that microleakage is the major cause of composite restoration failure. Because the different physical properties of composite resin and tooth structure cause microleakage in composite tooth restorations, it is possible to eliminate microleakage by making composite's physical properties more similar to those of tooth structure. This article reviews the physical properties of composite resin systems last as they relate to tooth structure and microleakage.
Split multipath routing with maximally disjoint paths in ad hoc networks (2002)

In recent years, routing has been the most focused area in ad hoc networks research. On-demand routing in particular, is widely developed in bandwidth constrained mobile wireless ad hoc networks because of its effectiveness and efficiency. Most proposed on-demand routing protocols however, build and rely on a single route for each data session. Whenever there is a link disconnection on the active route, the routing protocol must perform a route recovery process. In QoS routing for wired networks, multiple path routing is popularly used. Multiple routes are however, constructed using link-state or distance vector algorithms which are not well-suited for ad hoc networks. We propose an on-demand routing scheme called split multipath routing (SMR) that establishes and utilizes multiple routes of maximally disjoint paths. Providing multiple routes helps minimizing route recovery process and control message overhead. Our protocol uses a per-packet allocation scheme to distribute data packets into multiple paths of active sessions. This traffic distribution efficiently utilizes available network resources and prevents nodes of the route from being congested in heavily loaded traffic situations. We evaluate the performance of our scheme using extensive simulation.
Cationic Alkyl Rare‐Earth Metal Complexes Bearing an Ancillary Bis(phosphinophenyl)amido Ligand: A Catalytic System for Living <i>cis</i>‐1,4‐Polymerization and Copolymerization of Isoprene and Butadiene (2007)

Excellent activator: Living cis-1,4-polymerization and copolymerization of isoprene (IP) and butadiene (BD) are achieved for the first time in the presence of an in situ formed cationic alkyl yttrium species (see scheme). A related cationic alkyl lutetium complex, which provides a well-defined structural model for the true catalytically active species, is isolated and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z604348_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Fermilab doubler magnet design and fabrication techniques (1979)

During the last year, the Fermilab Doubler magnets have benefited from a development effort to upgrade the performance of the superconducting magnets. This paper presents the results of this effort. The design philosophy and the fabrication techniques used on current magnets will be discussed, along with innovative laminated tooling which has been designed to give Fermilab a two dipole a day production capability. Specific topics to be discussed are coil geometry, coil winding techniques, coil clamp collars, buss geometry and insulation, integral quench heaters for quench protection, coil twist, coil helium irrigation and assembly techniques that assure azimuthal preload and accurate coil size.
Molecular Mechanisms That Mediate Colonization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains (2011)

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a group of pathogens which cause gastrointestinal disease in humans and have been associated with numerous food-borne outbreaks worldwide. The intimin adhesin has been considered for many years to be the only colonization factor in these strains. However, the rapid progress in whole-genome sequencing of different STEC serotypes has accelerated the discovery of other adhesins (fimbrial and afimbrial), which have emerged as important contributors to the intestinal colonization occurring during STEC infection. This review summarizes recent progress to identify and characterize, at the molecular level, novel adhesion and colonization factors in STEC strains, with an emphasis on their contribution to virulence traits, their host-pathogen interactions, the regulatory mechanisms controlling their expression, and their role as targets eliciting immune responses in the host.
A metamaterial absorber for the terahertz regime: design, fabrication and characterization (2008)

We present a metamaterial that acts as a strongly resonant absorber at terahertz frequencies. Our design consists of a bilayer unit cell which allows for maximization of the absorption through independent tuning of the electrical permittivity and magnetic permeability. An experimental absorptivity of 70% at 1.3 terahertz is demonstrated. We utilize only a single unit cell in the propagation direction, thus achieving an absorption coefficient alpha = 2000 cm(-1). These metamaterials are promising candidates as absorbing elements for thermally based THz imaging, due to their relatively low volume, low density, and narrow band response.
Power meter for highly distorted three-phase systems (1997)

This paper describes a low-cost, three-phase power meter, which is based on a fast, specially designed acquisition board coupled to a PC via the PC parallel/printer port or by means of an AT card. The power associated with the fundamental and first harmonics is computed by software that operates in the time domain and employs a sample-weighting procedure that makes the uncertainty related to the asynchronous sampling negligible. The low-cost acquisition board features two 8-bit 1 MHz converters and a local RAM, which decouples the PC clock from the measurement requirements, Hall effect transducers are used for the current channels and fast differential amplifiers for the voltage channels. The fast sampling frequency allows simple antialiasing filters to be employed. Digital filtering is used to reduce the sample number while increasing the resolution. The power uncertainty provided by this arrangement is less then 0.1% with 2.5 measurements per second when a low-cost 486DX33-based PC is used.
Who is Better at Defending Criminals? Does Type of Defense Attorney Matter in Terms of Producing Favorable Case Outcomes (2012)

The role of defense counsel in criminal cases constitutes a topic of substantial importance for judges, prosecutors, defense attorneys, scholars, and policymakers. What types of defense counsel (e.g., public defenders, privately retained attorneys, or assigned counsel) represent defendants in criminal cases and how do these defense counsel types perform in terms of securing favorable outcomes for their clients? These and other issues are addressed in this article analyzing felony case-processing data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Specifically, this article examines whether differences in defense counsel representation matter in terms of the probability of conviction and severity of sentence imposed. Results show that private attorneys and public defenders secure similar adjudication and sentencing outcomes for their clients. Defendants with assigned counsel, however, receive less favorable outcomes compared to their counterparts with public defenders. This article concludes by discussing the policy implications of these findings and possible avenues for future research.
Interfacial reactions and thermal stability of ultrahigh vacuum deposited multilayered Mo/Si structures (1996)

Interfacial reactions and thermal stability of ultrahigh vacuum deposited multilayered Mo/Si structures have been investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with fast Fourier transform and autocorrelation function analysis. For samples with nominal atomic ratios Mo:Si=1:2 and 3:1, well defined multilayered Mo/Si structures were obtained after annealing at 250 °C for 30 min. On the other hand, distinct multilayered MoSi2/Si structure was formed only for Mo:Si=1:2 samples after annealing at 650 °C for 1 h. Multiphases were observed to simultaneously form in samples annealed at 400–500 °C. After 600 °C annealing for 1 h, tetragonal MoSi2 was the only silicide phase observed for the Mo:Si=1:2 samples, whereas both tetragonal and hexagonal MoSi2 were present in Mo:Si-3:1 samples. The stability of the multilayered Mo/Si structures was found to depend critically on the atomic ratios of constituent elements, bilayer period, and annealing conditions. The results are interpreted in terms of the delicate balance among intermixing of constituent atoms, silicide formation, and crystallization of silicon.
AlGaN/AlN/GaN High-Electron-Mobility Transistors Fabricated with Au-Free Technology (2013)

A Au-free technology was developed to fabricate AlGaN/AlN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) on Si substrates. Ohmic contact resistance of ∼0.6 Ω mm was achieved through a Ti/Al/Ni/Pt metal scheme annealed at 975 °C for 30 s in N2 atmosphere. The ohmic metal surface after annealing was very smooth, with a root-mean-square roughness of only 4.6 nm. The fabricated GaN HEMTs show an off-state breakdown voltage of 540 V with a gate-to-drain distance of 8 µm. These results demonstrate the potential of this Au-free GaN HEMT technology in power electronics and GaN-Si CMOS integration applications.
Genetic transformation of dinoflagellates (<i>Amphidinium</i> and <i>Symbiodinium</i>): expression of GUS in microalgae using heterologous promoter constructs (1998)

Summary Genetic transformation of two dinoflagellates ( Amphidinium sp., Symbiodinium microadriaticum ) was achieved using plasmid constructs containing the neomycin phosphotransferase gene ( nptII ) fused to the Agrobacterium nos promoter, or the hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene ( hpt ) fused to the bidirectional Agrobacterium p1′2′ promoter. Gene transfer into intact (walled) dinoflagellate cells was achieved by agitation in the presence of silicon carbide (SiCa) whiskers. Transformation rates of 5–24 transformants per 10 7 cells were obtained. Southern hybridization of transformants revealed stable integration of multiple copies of the constructs. Activity of integrated copies of the β‐glucoronidase (GUS) reporter gene coupled to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter or the p1′2′ promoter was confirmed both histochemically and fluorometrically. This is the first report of successful application of heterologous and widely used promoter and reporter genes in microalgae, and is the first demonstration of transformation of a dinoflagellate. There appear to be no substantial barriers to transformation of Amphidinium and Symbiodinium , which must now be considered as the first of the dinoflagellate genera accessible to genetic manipulation.
Observation of a thermal hysteresis loop in the dielectric constant of spin crossover complexes: towards molecular memory devices (2003)

Spin crossover materials made of metallo-organic/inorganic molecular complexes present magnetic susceptibility and optical reflectivity hysteresis due to an internal high-spin (HS) to low-spin (LS) cooperative spin transition with potential applications in memory, display and switching devices. Here, we report the first observation of a thermal bistability in the dielectric constant as a consequence of the HS LS transition. Better than magnetic susceptibility or optical reflectivity, this electrical property allows the effective use of such molecular materials for electronics based memories.
Neutrophils from MMP-9- or neutrophil elastase-deficient mice show no defect in transendothelial migration under flow in vitro (2002)

Recent evidence has suggested a role for neutrophil proteases during certain inflammatory responses. We demonstrated previously that neutrophil proteases can degrade components of the adherens junctions during neutrophil-endothelial adhesion. We tested the hypothesis that degradation of VE-cadherin at lateral junctions by elastase or MMP-9 facilitates neutrophil transendothelial migration. Neutrophils from MMP-9 or elastase null mice and strain-matched control mice expressed high levels of LFA-1, Mac-1, and L-selectin on their cell surface. Under flow conditions, wild-type and deficient neutrophils rolled, arrested, and transmigrated activated murine endothelium. There was no difference in the total numbers of interacting neutrophils or in the percentage of transmigrated cells. In addition, deficient neutrophils remained capable of degrading murine endothelial VE-cadherin. These results indicate that although neutrophil proteases may play a role in the acute inflammatory response, neutrophil elastase or MMP-9 is not essential for neutrophil transendothelial migration in this murine system.