gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Hydrothermal Growth of Beryllium Oxide Single Crystals (1968)

Beryllium oxide crystals weighing up to 1.3g have been grown hydrothermally with the nutrient temperature at and the growth temperature at . An alkali hydroxide solution of and was used as the hydrothermal solvent. Growth occurred in the vapor phase above the solution. The quality of the seeds used has a major effect on the quality of the crystals grown. The mean growth rate parallel to the c‐axis was 0.0026 in./day, but rates of over 0.0056 in. have been measured. The relative growth rates in the various crystallographic directions are
TGF-β1 regulates cell fate during epithelial–mesenchymal transition by upregulating survivin (2013)

Members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily are multifunctional cytokines that regulate several cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, differentiation, morphogenesis, and apoptosis. TGF-β promotes extracellular matrix production and morphological change. Morphogenetic responses to TGF-β include cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which are critical during embryogenesis, development of fibrotic diseases, and the spreading of advanced carcinomas. The purpose of this study was to clarify how TGF-β regulates the fate of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. TGF-β1 promoted cell cycle progression and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (Rb) in ARPE-19 cells. TGF-β1 induced survivin expression, which in turn stabilized tubulin and Aurora B. RT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that survivin expression increased in ARPE-19 cells following TGF-β1 treatment. When survivin was depleted, TGF-β1 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and also reduced Rb phosphorylation. In conclusion, the present study shows that induction of EMT in human RPE cells upregulates survivin, leading to survivin-dependent inhibition of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Whether cells undergo EMT or apoptosis in response to TGF-β1 is dependent on their cell cycle state, and TGF-β1 regulates the cell cycle via survivin.
Polymer-Mode-Coupling Theory of Finite-Size-Fluctuation Effects in Entangled Solutions, Melts, and Gels. 2. Comparison with Experiment (1997)

The predictions of polymer mode coupling theory for the finite size corrections to the transport coefficients of entangled polymeric systems are tested in comparison with various experimental data. It is found that quantitative descriptions of the viscosities, η, dielectric relaxation time, τε, and diffusion coefficients, D, of polymer melts can be achieved with two microscopic structural fit parameters whose values are in the range expected from independent theoretical or experimental information. An explanation for the (apparent) power law behaviors of η, τε, and D in (chemically distinct) melts for intermediate molecular weights as arising from finite size corrections, mainly the self-consistent constraint release mechanism, is given. The variation of tracer dielectric relaxation times from Rouse to reptation-like behavior upon changes of the matrix molecular weight is analyzed. Self-diffusion and tracer diffusion constants of entangled polymer solutions can be explained as well, if one further parameter of the theory is adjusted. The anomalous scaling of the tracer diffusion coefficients in semidilute and concentrated polystyrene solutions, D ∼ N-2.5, is predicted to arise due to the spatial correlations of the entanglement constraints, termed “constraint porosity”. Extensions of the theory to polymer tracer diffusion through poly(vinyl methyl ether) and polyacrylamide gels provide an explanation of the observation of anomalously high molecular weight scaling exponents in a range where the size of the tracer, Rg, already considerably exceeds the gel pore size, ξg.
Engineering a Ligand Binding Pocket into a Four-Helix Bundle Protein Cytochrome <i>b</i><sub>562</sub> (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTEngineering a Ligand Binding Pocket into a Four-Helix Bundle Protein Cytochrome b562Tadayuki Uno, Akihiro Yukinari, Yoko Moriyama, Yoshinobu Ishikawa, Yoshikazu Tomisugi, James A. Brannigan, and Anthony J. WilkinsonView Author Information Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University Oehonmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 3, 512–513Publication Date (Web):December 30, 2000Publication History Received13 June 2000Revised7 November 2000Published online30 December 2000Published inissue 1 January 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja002079dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja002079drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Bioinorganic chemistry,Ligands,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Stabilization Get e-Alerts
[Anti-angiogenic activities of UFT and its metabolites, GHB and GBL, in the dorsal air sac (DAS) model in mice]. (2000)

We investigated the effects of UFT and its metabolites, GHB and GBL, on angiogenesis induced by tumor cells in a dorsal air sac (DAS) assay in mice. Five tumor cell lines (murine renal carcinoma; RENCA, human gastric cancer; 4-1ST, human small-cell lung carcinoma; LX-1, and human colon carcinoma; DLD-1, KM-20C) were used in the DAS assay. In this model, UFT demonstrated a significant anti-angiogenic activity in a dose-dependent manner while 5-FU (19 mg/kg/day) and 5'-DFUR (200 mg/kg/day) were less effective. Moreover, tegafur (FT), a component of UFT, and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), in vivo metabolites of UFT, inhibited angiogenesis induced by RENCA cells. The inhibitory effects of 5-FU, GHB, and GBL on angiogenesis were increased with administration by continuous infusion, providing a suitable pharmacokinetic profile. These results suggest that GHB and GBL are involved in the expression of anti-angiogenic activity of UFT.
High-frequency noise in RF active CMOS mixers (2004)

A new analytical model for high-frequency noise in RF active CMOS mixers such as single-balanced and double-balanced architectures is presnted. The analysis includes the contribution of non-white gate-induced noise at the output as well as the spot noise figure (NF) of the RF CMOS mixer, while accounting for the non-zero correlation between the gate-induced noise and the channel thermal noise. The noise contribution of the RF transconductor as well as the switching pair on the output noise is discussed. The analytical model predicts that the output noise and NF are both a strong function of the LO frequency at gigahertz range of frequencies. Simulation results verify the accuracy of the analytical model.
The study and simulation of high-order overlay control including field-by-field methodologies (2009)

Overlay continues to be one of the key challenges for photolithography in semiconductor manufacturing. It becomes even more challenging due to the continued shrinking of the device node. The corresponding tighter overlay specs require the consideration of new paradigms for overlay control, such as high-order control schemes and/or field-by-field overlay control. These approaches have been demonstrated to provide tighter overlay control for design rule structures, and can be applied to areas such as double patterning lithography (DPL), as well as for correcting non-linear overlay deformation signatures caused by non-lithographic wafer processing. Previously we presented a study of high-order control applied to high order scanner correction, high order scanner alignment, and the sampling required to support these techniques. Here we extend this work, using sources of variation (SOV) techniques, and have further studied the impact of field by field compensation. This report will show an optimized procedure for high order control using production wafers and field by field control.
Chiral Phosphoric Acid‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Three‐ Component Aza‐Diels–Alder Reactions of Aminopyrroles and Aminopyrazoles (2014)

Abstract A highly stereoselective three‐component Povarov reaction, catalyzed by ( R )‐ and ( S )‐BINOL hydrogen phosphate, was achieved for the first time with aminopyrroles and aminopyrazoles as 2‐azadiene precursors. A variety of aldehydes, enecarbamates, amino‐substituted azines participated in the reaction to afford the tetrahydropyrrolopyridines and tetrahydropyrazolopyridines in good yields with excellent diatereo‐ and enantioselectivities. A stereochemical model is proposed to account for the observed absolute stereochemistry. magnified image
Correction of <i>gld</i> autoimmunity by co-infusion of normal bone marrow suggests that <i>gld</i> is a mutation of the Fas ligand gene (1993)

lpr and gld mice develop phenotypically indistinguishable systemic autoimmune diseases and marked lymphadenopathy dominated by CD4-CD8- T cells. In vivo chimera experiments have demonstrated that both lpr T and lpr B cells are intrinsically defective. Analogous experiments were conducted using gld mice. Lethally irradiated gld mice were given mixtures of congenic gld and normal (+/+) bone marrow differentially marked by Ig heavy chain allotype. In sharp contrast to lpr-(+)/+ mixed chimeras, gld-(+)/+ chimeras had little autoantibody production at 5 months and minimal adenopathy at 6 months, indicating that the normal marrow-derived cells corrected the gld defect. Thus, aberrant autoantibody production is due to a defect extrinsic to the gld B cell and lymphoproliferation is due to a defect extrinsic to the gld T cell. These data support the hypothesis that gld mice lack an apoptosis-inducing ligand. The receptor for this ligand may be the Fas molecule, which is defective in lpr mice.
Flash memory performance on a highly scalable IOV system (2011)

We present an enterprise-class I/O virtualization (IOV) system, discuss the architecture, and share performance characterization results using extremely high performance flash memory as a load generator. This work describes an IOV system built on the PCI-Express over Ethernet (PCIeOE) protocol, which combines these two ubiquitous, standardized technologies in a novel fashion. By preserving the PCI-Express (PCIe) device and software model, computers interface to the system without modifications to hardware or software. By utilizing 10G Ethernet as a transport, the system integrates with enterprise environments, achieves very high scalability and benefits from the favorable economics of the Ethernet ecosystem. Further, we present a thorough characterization of the latency and performance of the system using very high performance flash memory as an endpoint device. Flash memory serves as a high-intensity traffic generator, and also represents a compelling application of the PCIeOE technology.
Purification and Characterization of a Novel Plasma Membrane Phosphatidate Phosphohydrolase from Rat Liver (1995)

An N-ethylmaleimide-insensitive phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, which also hydrolyzes lysophosphatidate, was isolated from the plasma membranes of rat liver. The specific activity of an anionic form of the enzyme (53 kDa, pI < 4) was increased 2700-fold. A cationic form of enzyme (51 kDa, pI = 9) was purified to homogeneity, but the -fold purification was low because the activity of the highly purified enzyme was unstable. Immunoprecipitating antibodies raised against the homogeneous protein confirmed the identity of the cationic protein as the phosphohydrolase and were used to identify the anionic enzyme. Both forms are integral membrane glycoproteins that were converted to 28-kDa proteins upon treatment with N-glycanase F. Treatment of the anionic form with neuraminidase allowed it to be purified in the same manner as the cationic enzyme and yielded an immunoreactive protein with a molecular mass identical to the cationic protein. Thus, the two ionic forms most likely represent different sialated states of protein. An immunoreactive 51-53-kDa protein was detected in rat liver, heart, kidney, skeletal muscle, testis, and brain. Little immunoreactive 51-53-kDa protein was detected in rat thymus, spleen, adipose, or lung tissue. This work provides the tools for determining the regulation and function of the phosphatidate phosphohydrolase in signal transduction and cell activation.
A study of digital Y/C separation in NTSC or PAL color television (1994)

It has been considered very difficult to perform digital Y/C separation of NTSC or PAL signals completely because Y and C signals occupy accurately the same spectrum under 2 or 1 dimensional certain conditions. This paper examines the conditions about the three-dimensional digital Y/C separation filters and scene change detectors to control these filters for more complete Y/C separation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Internal pH regulation facilitates in situ long-term acclimation of massive corals to end-of-century carbon dioxide conditions (2016)

The resilience of tropical corals to ocean acidification depends on their ability to regulate the pH within their calcifying fluid (pHcf). Recent work suggests pHcf homeostasis under short-term exposure to pCO2 conditions predicted for 2100, but it is still unclear if pHcf homeostasis can be maintained throughout a corals lifetime. At CO2 seeps in Papua New Guinea, massive Porites corals have grown along a natural seawater pH gradient for decades. This natural gradient, ranging from pH 8.1-7.4, provides an ideal platform to determine corals' pHcf (using boron isotopes). Porites maintained a similar pHcf (~8.24) at both a control (pH 8.1) and seep-influenced site (pH 7.9). Internal pHcf was slightly reduced (8.12) at seawater pH 7.6, and decreased to 7.94 at a site with a seawater pH of 7.4. A growth response model based on pHcf mirrors the observed distribution patterns of this species in the field. We suggest Porites has the capacity to acclimate after long-time exposure to end-of-century reduced seawater pH conditions and that strong control over pHcf represents a key mechanism to persist in future oceans. Only beyond end-of-century pCO2 conditions do they face their current physiological limit of pH homeostasis and pHcf begins to decrease.
Linesize effects on ultraviolet reflectance spectra (1997)

We have investigated the effect of resist thickness, linewidth, and pitch on UV reflectance spectra. This technique exploits the property that conventional novolak resists are very absorptive from 200 to 300 nm, while substrates are significantly more reflective. For line-space developed resist features of constant pitch, we observe that the reflectance in this wavelength range varies periodically with ? and increases linearly with decreasing linesize. The dominant factor in wavelength dependence is the constructive/destructive interference of the measurement light from the air-resist and air-substrate interfaces. The linesize dependence at constant pitch and resist thickness is predominantly controlled (within proper boundary-condition regimes) by the percentage of the substrate exposed. The gross periodicity of the deep UV (DUV) reflection spectra for patterned films is correlated with resist thickness in a manner similar to the resist-thickness dependence of UV reflection spectra for unpatterned films. Simulation of DUV reflectance from patterned films showed semiquantitative agreement with experimental results.
Visualization of Oxygen Consumption of Single Living Cells by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: The Influence of the Faradaic Tip Reaction (2013)

The influence of the reaction rate at the SECM tip on the overall imaging result is often neglected during respiration studies performed by SECM. The effect of the driving force of the tip reaction is elucidated using a potential pulse profile implemented into a constant-distance mode. Time-dependent data acquisition allows visualization of the transition between a tip behaving as a passive observer and a tip actively inducing transmembrane diffusion of oxygen.
A Preliminary Study of Joint Surface Changes After an Intraarticular Fracture: A Sheep Model of a Tibia Fracture With Weight Bearing After Internal Fixation (2001)

In this model with a small fracture displacement (1.0 millimeter), which was less than the thickness of the articular cartilage (1.5 millimeters), the contour of the joint improved despite residual articular surface incongruency after the fracture healing.
Impact of nitrogen (N/sub 2//sup +/) implantation into polysilicon gate on thermal stability of cobalt silicide formed on polysilicon gate (1998)

A novel process which uses N/sub 2//sup +/ implantation into polysilicon gates to suppress the agglomeration of CoSi/sub 2/ in polycide gated MOS devices is presented. The thermal stability of CoSi/sub 2//polysilicon stacked layers can be dramatically improved by using N/sub 2//sup +/ implantation into polysilicon. The sheet resistance of the samples without N/sub 2//sup +/ implantation starts to increase after 875/spl deg/C RTA for 30 s, while the sheet resistance of CoSi/sub 2/ film is not increased at all after 950 and 1000/spl deg/C RTA for 30 s if the dose of nitrogen is increased up to 2/spl times/10/sup 15/ cm/sup -2/ and 6/spl times/10/sup 15/ cm/sup 2/, respectively, and TEM photographs show that the agglomeration of CoSi/sub 2/ film is completely suppressed. It is found that the transformation to CoSi/sub 2/ from CoSi is impeded by N/sub 2//sup +/ implantation such that the grain size of CoSi/sub 2/ with N/sub 2//sup +/ implantation is much smaller than that without N/sub 2//sup +/ implantation. As a result, the thermal stability of CoSi/sub 2/ is significantly improved by N/sub 2//sup +/ implantation into polysilicon.
Acarbose promotes remission of both early and late dumping syndromes in post-bariatric patients (2016)

Acarbose prevented dumping in almost all studied subjects and helped improve exercise capacity.
Structure and Mechanical Properties of Styrene-Butadiene Block Copolymers (1969)

スチレンブロック(S)とブタジェンブロック(B)がSBSおよびSBSBSの順序に結合したブロック共重合体をリビング重合法により合成し,これら共重合体のモノマー組成,ブロックの長さおよび成膜に用いた溶媒の種類を変えた場合につ,動いて的粘弾性,応カ-伸び曲線および電子顕微鏡写真にみられる形態学的構造を検討した。低スチレン比率のSBS型ブロック共重合体ではブタジエン相が連続相でスチレン相が分散相となっているが,スチレン量の増加にともない,スチレン相も次第に連続相に近くなり,スチレン比率50(重量%)になると両相とも連続相になるが,延伸するとスチレン相は分散相に移行することが応力-伸び曲線よりみとめられた。S1BS2BS1型ブロック共重合体において,スチレン量を一定にして,S1とS2の大きさを相互に変えると,形態学的構造と物性にかなりの変化がみられた。成膜に用いた溶媒はTHF>トルエンシクロヘキサン>ヘプタンの順でスチレン相は連続相を形成しやすく,このような形態学的講造の変化は動的粘弾性や応力-伸び曲線に顕著に反映していることが確かめられた。SBS型およびSBSBS型ブロック共重合体の引張強さは末端のスチレンブロックの大きさとともに増大し,伸びはブタジェンブロックの大きさとともに増大した。
Immunogenicity of a hepatitis A virus vaccine (1987)

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) strain HAV/HFS/GBM was adapted to and grown in human diploid fibroblast cells. The HAV was concentrated by ammonium sulphate precipitation and high-speed centrifugation. The virus was inactivated by beta-propiolacton and purified by sedimentation through a 20% solution of sucrose and by CsCl gradient centrifugation. The immunogenicity of different preparations was tested in mice, guinea pigs, and goats. The immune response after vaccination was tested by determination of anti-HAV with RIA and of neutralizing antibodies with an appropriate test system. Results showed that anti-HAV titers of 1:1,000 and greater, as well as neutralizing antibody titers of 1:1,000 and greater, were found in sera of animals vaccinated with different preparations. It became evident that good anti-HAV titers persisted over a period of at least 1.5 years in goats and mice after immunization with a semipurified HAV vaccine, and titers up to 1:200 were present in mice 2 years after vaccination with a highly purified HAV vaccine.
Determination of Elemental Composition in Geochemical Exploration Using a 14-MeV Neutron Generator Ii. Theoretical Aspects (1981)

A method for determining elemental compositions from neutron-induced gamma-ray spectra has been developed. The method consists of calculating the neutron flux by solving the Boltzmann neutron transport equation and then calculating the flux of gamma-ray that escape from the irradiated material per unit mass fraction of a given element. The procedure was utilized to analyze data obtained from a 14-MeV neutron experiment. Relative abundances for the following major elements were obtained: H, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti and Fe. The results agree well with the results of an independent x-ray flourescence determination of material's composition.
Biosynthesis of the (2<i>S</i>,3<i>R</i>)-3-Methyl Glutamate Residue of Nonribosomal Lipopeptides (2006)

The calcium-dependent antibiotics (CDAs) and daptomycin are therapeutically relevant nonribosomal lipopeptide antibiotics that contain penultimate C-terminal 3-methyl glutamate (3-MeGlu) residues. Comparison with synthetic standards showed that (2S,3R)-configured 3-MeGlu is present in both CDA and daptomycin. Deletion of a putative methyltransferase gene glmT from the cda biosynthetic gene cluster abolished the incorporation of 3-MeGlu and resulted in the production of Glu-containing CDA exclusively. However, the 3-MeGlu chemotype could be re-established through feeding synthetic 3-methyl-2-oxoglutarate and (2S,3R)-3-MeGlu, but not (2S,3S)-3-MeGlu. This indicates that methylation occurs before peptide assembly, and that the module 10 A-domain of the CDA peptide synthetase is specific for the (2S,3R)-stereoisomer. Further mechanistic analyses suggest that GlmT catalyzes the SAM-dependent methylation of alpha-ketoglutarate to give (3R)-methyl-2-oxoglutarate, which is transaminated to (2S,3R)-3-MeGlu. These insights will facilitate future efforts to engineer lipopeptides with modified glutamate residues, which may have improved bioactivity and/or reduced toxicity.
Comparison of the Corrosion Inhibiting Properties of Imidazole Based Ionic Liquids on API X52 Steel in Carbon Dioxide Saturated NaCl Solution (2014)

Abstract The aim of this work is to investigate the corrosion inhibiting efficiency of four imidazolium ionic liquids in carbon dioxide saturated NaCl Brine solution by using electrochemical and surface analysis testing methods. The four compounds are 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (Emc), 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (Bmc), 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (Hmc), and 1-Decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (Dmc). Under the testing conditions, compound Dmc showed the highest inhibition efficiency. After 24 hours of immersion time in the inhibiting solution, the inhibiting efficiency reached 99%; SEM photos showed that the steel surface was well protected from uniform corrosion. The solution with Dmc showed an Open circuit potential (OCP) 70 mV higher than the one in blank solution. The testing results of Hmc also show inhibition properties in some degree. Compound Emc and Bmc showed no obvious corrosion-prevention properties, though the OCP changes indicated a slight influence. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to characterize and support steel surface changes following the chemical (inhibitor) addition and electrochemical testing.