gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural Human Antibodies to Synthetic Peptide Autoantigens: Correlations with Age and Autoimmune Disease (1993)

Clinically healthy humans as well as patients suffering from various autoimmune diseases produce natural antibodies against a variety of self-components. Such antibodies have been proposed to carry out a physiologic role in maintaining the integrity of self, as well as potentially destructive roles in the generation of autoimmune diseases. Because human autoantigens, particularly membrane proteins, are usually present in extremely small amounts, it is generally impossible to obtain enough to carry out a detailed characterization of the antibodies or the antigenic determinants recognized. To circumvent this difficulty, we developed synthetic autoantigens predicted from the gene sequence of two functionally critical membrane proteins; the band 3 anion transport protein which is found on all cells, and the T-cell receptor (beta chain) which is the antigen-specific receptor on thymus-derived lymphocytes. We have investigated the natural human IgM and IgG antibody responses to peptides selected on the basis of predicted molecular surface exposure and previously known antigenicity, and correlate levels of binding with changes in age and by comparison with autoimmune diseases. We report that the IgM response to synthetic autoantigens tends to be higher than that of IgG molecules, but significant IgG binding occurs to some peptides. This situation is particularly noticeable in comparison of rheumatoid arthritis patients with normal individuals. Distinct peptide portions of individual molecules are recognized differently by the autochthonous immune system as manifested by age dependence of the response and differential levels of IgM and IgG activity. The synthetic autoantigens that tend to generate the highest amounts of natural antibody are those that are either exposed on the surface of the cell (band 3 peptides) or are exposed in the predicted 3-dimensional folding of the molecule (T-cell receptor beta peptides). Rheumatoid arthritis patients tend to give higher IgM reactivities to both band 3 and Tcr beta peptides than do normals, with this effect being less pronounced in the distinct autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus. Studies of normal humans ranging in age from 20 to 90 years suggest two major patterns for the IgM natural antibody response to synthetic peptides giving high response. The first is that the level of IgM reactivity is high early in life and remains high throughout. The second pattern is one in which the reaction is high in younger individuals, but diminishes substantially in the latter decades of life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Comparative analysis of below-knee prosthetic socket liner materials (1998)

Four materials used in lining prosthetic sockets were compared for their potential usefulness in below-knee applications. Tests carried out included determinations of resistance to compression, resistance to flexural abrasion and coefficients (static and dynamic) of friction. These tests were designed, respectively, to assess changes occurring during end-use brought about by extensive application of compressive or shear force, and to predict the ability to retain contact with the body and socket. Of the four materials in the study (Bock-Lite, Pedilin, polyurethane and silicone), Bock-Lite and silicone had high compression resistance, Bock-Lite had good resistance to flexural abrasion, and polyurethane and silicone had high coefficients of frictional resistance. Thus, Bock-Lite will be the most durable of the four materials but, since it had the lowest frictional coefficient, it may slip in use. Conversely, silicone and polyurethane, which will be retained in position more easily, are easily torn or compressed, so are likely to need replacement more frequently.
Extended Quasimodes within Nominally Localized Random Waveguides (2006)

We have measured the spatial and spectral dependence of the microwave field inside an open absorbing waveguide filled with randomly juxtaposed dielectric slabs in the spectral region in which the average level spacing exceeds the typical level width. Whenever lines overlap in the spectrum, the field exhibits multiple peaks within the sample. Only then is substantial energy found beyond the first half of the sample. When the spectrum throughout the sample is decomposed into a sum of Lorentzian lines plus a broad background, their central frequencies and widths are found to be essentially independent of position. Thus, this decomposition provides the electromagnetic quasimodes underlying the extended field in nominally localized samples. These quasimodes may exhibit multiple peaks in space when they overlap spectrally.
IGF‐Binding proteins in human prostate tumor cells: Expression and regulation by 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> (1995)

The expression of the six known insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) and their corresponding messenger RNAs has been examined in three cell lines established from surgical and biopsy specimens of human prostate carcinoma. All three cell lines produced both IGFBP-4 and IGFBP-6 and the respective mRNAs; expression of IGFBP-6 has not been previously demonstrated in human prostate tumor cells. No other binding proteins were detected. The levels of IGFBP mRNAs were not regulated by androgens or IGF-1, but the level of IGFBP-6 mRNA was sharply increased by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)D3). The stimulation was dose-dependent with a maximum effect at 10 nM 1,25(OH)D3 and a clearly discernible effect at 0.1 nM. The results support a role for vitamin D in the control of prostate tumor growth, mediated at least in part by interaction with IGFs and specific IGFBPs.
Reduced Models of Arterial Systems (1985)

Simple models that manifest input impedances of arterial systems are compared. An improvement upon documented two-, three-, and five-element models is presented. The classical two-element model (the windkessel) accounts for the lowest frequency components, and the three-element model (the modified windkessel) accounts for both low-and high-frequency components of the spectrum of interest. Five-element models, however, by allowing for reflection, can account for principal features over the entire frequency range of interest.
Critical window of male reproductive tract development in rats following gestational exposure to di‐n‐butyl phthalate (2005)

These findings suggest that 2-day DBP exposure is highly detrimental to the developing reproductive tract of the male fetus and the critical window for abnormal development is GD 16-18.
LPC speech coding based on variable-length segment quantization (1988)

A low-bit-rate linear predictive coder (LPC) that is based on variable-length segment quantization is presented. In this vocoder, the speech spectral-parameter sequence is represented as the concatenation of variable-length spectral segments generated by linearly time-warping fixed-length code segments. Both the sequence of code segments and the segment lengths are efficiently determined using a dynamic programming procedure. This procedure minimizes the spectral distance measured between the original and the coded spectral sequence in a given interval. An iterative algorithm is developed for designing fixed-length code segments for the training spectral sequence. It updates the segment boundaries of the training spectral sequence using an a priori codebook and updates the codebook using these segment sequences. The convergence of this algorithm is discussed theoretically and experimentally. In experiments, the performance of variable-length segment quantization for voice coding is compared to that of fixed-length segment quantization and vector quantization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that uses labeled antigen for detection of immunoglobulin M and A antibodies in toxoplasmosis: comparison with indirect immunofluorescence and double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (1983)

A direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described that uses horseradish peroxidase-labeled antigen for detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgA antibodies to toxoplasma. In this assay, polystyrene microtiter plates were sensitized with anti-human IgM or IgA antibody to separate IgM or IgA from other classes of antibody. The presence of IgM or IgA antibodies to toxoplasma (Tox-IgM, Tox-IgA) was then detected by sequential addition of soluble horseradish peroxidase-labeled toxoplasma antigen and substrate. As judged by examining sucrose gradient-fractionated sera, the assay was specific for IgM or IgA classes of antibody. In contrast to the indirect immunofluorescence for IgM antibodies to toxoplasma, no inhibition of IgM reactivity by specific IgG antibodies could be detected. Furthermore, rheumatoid factor did not cause false-positive results. Of 80 single sera with high antibody titer to toxoplasma in indirect immunofluorescence and complement fixation, 40 were positive in the direct ELISA for Tox-IgM, 36 were positive in the double-sandwich ELISA, and only 21 were positive in the indirect immunofluorescence for Tox-IgM when whole serum was used. In the indirect immunofluorescence, another 13 sera became positive after sucrose gradient fractionation. The direct ELISA for IgA antibodies to toxoplasma was positive in 43 sera, of which 39 were positive in the direct ELISA for Tox-IgM. High levels of IgM antibodies were found within 3 months after the onset of symptoms, slowly decreasing thereafter. Tox-IgM may persist for more than 1 year after infection.
A distributed launch and recovery system for an AUV and a manned submersible (2003)

The launch and recovery (L&R) of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) by a manned submersible (MS) is required for joint AUV/MS missions. The authors consider L&R as a distributed artificial intelligence (DAI) task. The approach has been taken to provide assistance in definition of subtasks, allocation of task responsibility, and specification of required data acquisition, processing, and communication. An architecture for the task requires special-purpose communications and multi-agent planning. The authors define the problem, the agents. the goals and constraints, review DAI, and discuss some real-world experiences. Three candidate DAI architectures are examined, and a hybrid, consisting of elements of all three, is suggested for further investigation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rapid growth of onion-like carbon nanospheres in a microwave oven (2015)

Onion-like carbon spheres (OLCSs) were synthesized by heating a mixture of naphthalene and graphite powder inside a kitchen microwave oven for ∼1 min under atmospheric conditions. Naphthalene, a hydrocarbon, provides carbon for growth, while graphite plays the crucial role of microwave absorber. The size of the OLCS particles was distributed over a wide range from a few 10s of nm up to a few μm. The OLCS particles self-assembled in a long range chain-like structure. The duration of microwave heating and the ratio of the precursor components were found to be important factors affecting the size and density of the particles. Alternative hydrocarbon sources and microwave absorbers were also examined for OLCS growth. Addition of ferrocene as a catalyst to the precursor mixture of naphthalene and graphite resulted in the formation of highly crystalline carbon-encapsulated iron (in the form of oxide/carbide) nanoparticles with a core–shell structure. The as-synthesized OLCS mixture containing graphite as the precursor was mixed with poly-alpha olefin oil (PAO4) as an additive. A significantly lower friction coefficient and wear rate were obtained with this mixture as compared to the neat PAO4 and PAO4+graphite mixture. Microwave heating was also employed to coat thin films of OLCSs on alumina/glass substrates. The conductivity of these films was measured using the four probe method. The microwave-assisted method used to produce OLCSs has several advantages like cost and energy efficiency, minimal preprocessing, etc. This technique can be of industrial importance for bulk productions of OLCSs and graphitic shell-encapsulated metal nanoparticles.
New Aspects of Chemoreception in Flies (1998)

For studies of insect taste the sensory cells of labellar taste hairs on the proboscis of calliphorid flies (e.g., Phormia) are preferred objects. Three sensory cells are electrophysiologically characterized: a sugar cell, a water cell and a cation or salt cell. Studying hairs on legs and proboscis of other families of flies we recently obtained results that extend our knowledge about the complexity of food detection in flies. The hoverfly Eristalis tenax (Syrphidae family) feeds on nectar and pollen of flowers. While nectar is recognized via the sugar cell, the so-called salt cell is activated by low concentrations of a water-soluble substance in extracts of pollen. From several tested pollen constituents only proline, an essential amino acid for pollen germination, stimulates the salt cell. The discrimination between salt and pollen in behavioral tests can be explained by the finding that the water cell remains active in the presence of pollen extract, but is inhibited by salts. Obviously the water cell activity is involved in the feeding decision. We already described a similar situation in Phormia, where the salt cell activity only elicits feeding behavior when the water cell is active too. In contrast to the sugar cells of species of flies studied so far the sugar cell of the house fly Musca domestica (Muscidae family) is highly sensitive to lactose, a disaccharide (beta-galactoside (1-->4) glucoside) naturally occurring only in the milk of mammals. Thus sugar spectra adapt to special environmental food situations. The fifth tarsomere of the forelegs of Musca bears besides two D-hairs 46 hairs of the B-type. The B-hairs are functionally not uniform in contrast to their structural identity. Only two hairs, the 'water hairs,' contain a water cell beside a spontaneously firing cell, but no sugar cell. Other examples of diversity are hairs that contain apart from the classical sugar cells, additional cells which react either to p-nitrophenyl-beta-galactoside, but not to the chemically related lactose, or to p-nitrophenyl-alpha-glucoside. Therefore the rule established for the labellar taste hairs that each hair type contains the same physiological equipment of sensory cells, does not hold for the taste hairs of the legs.
Homo Faber - Franz Lämmli: Homo Faber: Triumph, Schuld, Verhängnis? (Schweizerische Beiträge zur Altertumswissenschaft, xi). Pp. 160. Basel: Reinhardt, 1968. Paper, DM. 19.80. (1970)

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FABP3 Protein Promotes α-Synuclein Oligomerization Associated with 1-Methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropiridine-induced Neurotoxicity (2014)

α-Synuclein (αSyn) accumulation in dopaminergic (DA) neurons is partly regulated by long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. We found that fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3, H-FABP), a factor critical for arachidonic acid (AA) transport and metabolism in brain, is highly expressed in DA neurons. Fabp3 knock-out (Fabp3(-/-)) mice were resistant to 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropiridine-induced DA neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta and showed improved motor function. Interestingly, FABP3 interacted with αSyn in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and αSyn accumulation following 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropiridine treatment was attenuated in Fabp3(-/-) compared with wild-type mice. We confirmed that FABP3 overexpression aggravates AA-induced αSyn oligomerization and promotes cell death in PC12 cells, whereas overexpression of a mutant form of FABP3 lacking fatty-acid binding capacity did not. Taken together, αSyn oligomerization in DA neurons is likely aggravated by AA through FABP3 in Parkinson disease pathology.
A class of pseudonoise-like pulse compression codes (1992)

The authors describe a class of pulse compression waveform designs suitable for applications requiring low peak power, large duty factors, and large compression ratios. The waveforms are closely related to those derived from pseudonoise (PN) sequences, and exhibit many of the same properties. However, they exist in code lengths for which PN sequences cannot be constructed and offer the user greater flexibility in selecting a waveform design to match specific needs. In addition, as with m-sequences, the design can be used with an offset technique that renders perfect sidelobe cancellation in the periodic cross-correlation function, without any broadening of the mainlobe peak. The method used to generate the new codes is shown, their essential mathematical properties are discussed, and a general expression for the offset values that produce zero sidelobe levels in the periodic cross-correlation function of the waveform is derived. It is proved that the sequences presented are a special case of a more general set of Legendre-like sequences, for which the cross-correlation properties are derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effect of capture on performance of multichannel slotted ALOHA systems (1991)

The author presents an exact analysis to evaluate the effect of capture on the multichannel slotted ALOHA protocol. The author derives the probabilities of the successful transmission. These probabilities are used to calculate the throughputs, average packet delays for both IFT (immediate-first-transmission) and delayed-first-transmission protocols and numerically compare the performance of the systems with and without capture. Numerical results show that when a quantitative capture restriction u is considered, in a multichannel system having a fixed total bandwidth, depending on parameter u and channel number M, an improved system performance such as the average channel utilization and average packet delay can be obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High Speed Ground Transportation: Some Historical Perspectives (1993)

The definition of `high speed' ground transportation is relative to the transportation technology of a period. Thus it might be argued that high speed ground transportation began early in the 19th century when British engineers developed the first effective steam railroad locomotives, a technology which spread rapidly. The railroads pursued varying technologies in seeking higher ground transportation speeds through the end of World War II and immediately thereafter. During these 120 years there was much experimentation to improve both high speed capabilities as well as operating and fuel efficiencies. Such experimentation included atmospheric, diesel-electric, electric, and even jet propulsion. Maximum speeds in excess of 100 mph (161 km/h) were attained early in the 20th century with steam propulsion. Speeds in excess of 130 mph (209 km/h) would be attained by diesel-electric and electric propulsion in the 1930s. The result of these changing technologies was to provide incremental improvements in speed and scheduling over previously developed (and entrenched) steam propulsion technology, but average speeds would remain less than 90 mph (145 km/h). It was not until the 1960s and thereafter that serious efforts began to make high speed passenger systems to double and triple previously attained ground transportation speeds. In 1965 the Japanese inaugurated the first regularly scheduled train service with an average speed over 100 mph (161 km/h). Since then much international effort has been expended to improve and expand high speed ground transportation systems, now defined as those systems with speeds in excess of 125 mph (201 km/h). This paper highlights some of these historical developments in high speed ground transportation.
Identification of best heterotic crosses for yield and water use efficiency traits in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (2012)

A set of 28 crosses involving 8 parents were studied to get the information on the extent of heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard parent for yield and physiological attributes. The maximum better parent heterosis for pod yield was observed to be 92.73% and that of mid parent and standard parent was found to be 101.52 and 108.54% respectively. TIR-25 x TCGS-647, TPT-4 x TIR-25, K-1375 x TCGS-647, ICGV-91114 x TCGS-647, TIR-25 x TCGS-647 and TIR-25 x ICGV-99029 hybrids were identified as promising for many desirable physiological traits and they may be useful in exploiting hybrid vigour in groundnut.

	 

	Key words: Heterosis, water use efficiency, yield, groundnut.
Real-time Musical Analysis of Polyphonic Guitar Audio (2012)

In this thesis, we analyze the audio signal of a guitar to extract musical data in real-time. Specifically, the pitch and octave of notes and chords are displayed over time. Previous work has shown that non-negative matrix factorization is an effective method for classifying the pitches of simultaneous notes. We explore the effect of window size, hop length, and other parameters to maximize the resolution and accuracy of the output.Other groups have required prerecorded note samples to build a library of note templates to search for. We automate this step and compute the library at run-time, tuning it specifically for the input guitar. The program we present generates a musical visualization of the results in addition to suggestions for fingerings of chords in the form of a fretboard display and tablature notation. This program is built as an applet and is accessible from the web browser.
Thermal and rheological properties of hydrophobically modified responsive gels (1999)

Thermally responsive hydrogels have been prepared of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAM) and a fluorinated hydrophobic comonomer, either hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate (HFIPMA) or hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFBMA). Terpolymer gels containing an ionizable comonomer, methacrylic acid (MAA), were also synthesized. The swelling and mechanical properties of the gels were investigated in pure water and in aqueous NaCl solutions. All gels show thermosensitivity typical of polyNIPAAM, swelling at lower temperature and deswelling above a certain transition temperature. Hydrogels of NIPAAM and HFIPMA are homogeneous and the corresponding gel modified with methacrylic acid shows the character of a polyelectrolyte gel. However, hydrogels of NIPAAM and HFBMA are heterogeneous and the corresponding acidic gel does not behave as is typical of a polyelectrolyte gel. The acidic gel containing hexafluoroisopropyl-substituted comonomers has a high storage modulus G', showing that this gel favourably combines the properties of hydrophobically associating polymers and polyelectrolytes. Comparison of the macroscopic gels with chemically similar latex particles showed that the thermal behavior of the particles is mainly determined by the chemical composition but not by the residual surfactant adsorbed onto the polymer particles.
Construction of expression plasmids producing high levels of human immuno interferon in E. coli. (1983)

Improved expression vectors have been constructed which are derived from runaway-replication mutants of plasmid pYM307 and carry the strong hybrid promoter tac with lac iq gene. The activity of this promoter is controlled by lac repressor, product of the lac iq gene. Heat induction leads to amplification of the plasmid copy number. This system was used for high level expression of the chemically synthesized gene for human immune interferon (hIFN-7). 3 h after induction at 37 degrees C the hIFN-7 amounted to about 20% of total cellular proteins.
Self-assembled nanostructures with tridentate cyclometalated platinum(ii) complexes (2006)

Self-assembly of positively charged and charge-neutral tridentate cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes leads to nanowires and the drop-cast film containing these nanowires behaves as a n-type semiconductor.