gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pion interferometry in Au+Au collisions at<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>200</mml:mn><mml:mspace width="0.3em"/><mml:mi fontstyle="normal">GeV</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2005)

We present a systematic analysis of two-pion interferometry in $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{NN}}=200\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}$ using the STAR detector at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. We extract the Hanbury-Brown and Twiss radii and study their multiplicity, transverse momentum, and azimuthal angle dependence. The Gaussianness of the correlation function is studied. Estimates of the geometrical and dynamical structure of the freeze-out source are extracted by fits with blast-wave parametrizations. The expansion of the source and its relation with the initial energy density distribution is studied.
The flocculation mechanism of microparticulate retention aid systems (2001)

Nous avons analyse la cinetique de la deposition des fines sur les fibres de pâte a l'aide d'un sequestrant CPAM/bentonite (montmorillonite). Diverses configuration de formation de ponts CPAM/montmorillonite entre les fibres et les fines ont ete etudiees et comparees a des couches uniques de polymeres. Les resultats indiquent que les plaquettes accroissent la resistance des liaisons des couches de polymere adsorbees sur les fibres et les fines, et reduisent le transfert de polymere entre les surfaces. De plus, les plaquettes de montmorillonite sont des agents de formation de ponts efficaces entre les couches de polymere inactif. Le mecanisme de ces floculants est explique en terme de densite de charge de surface et de configuration des couches de polymere. Ces resultats fournissent des indications sur l'optimisation de ces systemes en usine.
New synthesis of 5-nitro- and 5-benzyloxytryptamine and their N-acylderivatives. (1985)

By modifying the method of Abramovitch for preparation of tryptamine, a way to obtain N-acyl derivatives of tryptamine 3a-g without the necessity of isolating free tryptamine was found. The hydrolysis of the appropriate acyl derivatives gave 5-nitro- and 5-benzyloxytryptamines.
Contact allergy to a contaminant in Kathon CG in the guinea pig. (1988)

Kathon CG is a commercial preservative, consisting of the two active ingredients, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (5243-K-CG) and other components. 4,5-dichloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (45243-K-CG) is a contaminant in Kathon CG. The chemically related active ingredients are known to be contact sensitizers in humans and guinea pigs. Aims of this study were to determine the sensitizing capacity of this contaminant and also to investigate the cross-reaction pattern by guinea pig sensitization tests. 45243-K-CG was demonstrated to be a strong sensitizer; all animals reacting to 45243-K-CG also reacted to 5243-K-CG when rechallenged.
The effects of alpha-methyldopa on cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats: ultrastructural, stereological, and morphometric analysis (1979)

This study examined the role of α-methyldopa on the myocardial cell (cardiocyte) and its microvascular bed. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were administered the drug commencing at 4 weeks of age. Tissue specimens from perfused-fixed hearts of 16 week-old rats were studied by electron microscopy and data obtained using stereological and morphometric methods. In both the subendocardium and subepicardium of SHR cardiocytes were hypertrophic and a significant drop in capillary density was evident. In spite of the failure of α-methyldopa (in the protocol used in this study) to significantly reduce blood pressure in SHR, heart weight values of the drug-treated rats (T-SHR) were in the high normal range. Cardiocytes comprising the subepicardium were similar in size to those of normotensive animals, while those comprising the subendocardium were mildly hypertrophic. While hypertrophy in the SHR was associated with a decrease in the cellular fraction of mitochondrial volume and a decrease in the volume ratio: mitochondria/myofibrils, in T-SHR these parameters were normal even in cells from the mildly hypertrophic sub- endocardial region. Enhanced folding of the intercalated disc, though variable, was found to be most common in both the subepicardium and subendocardium of T-SHR. These data suggest that α-methyldopa may prevent or modify hypertrophy without significantly altering blood pressure. While certain cellular parameters, ie, fractional volumes of mitochondria and myofibrils, may be normalised by this intervention, enhanced folding of the intercalated disc is accentuated.
Impact of streptozotocin on altering normal glucose homeostasis during insulin testing in diabetic rats compared to normoglycemic rats (2015)

Streptozotocin (STZ) is currently the most used diabetogenic agent in testing insulin and new antidiabetic drugs in animals. Due to the toxic and disruptive nature of STZ on organs, apart from pancreas, involved in preserving the body's normal glucose homeostasis, this study aims to reassess the action of STZ in inducing different glucose response states in diabetic rats while testing insulin. Diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats induced with STZ were classified according to their initial blood glucose levels into stages. The effect of randomizing rats in such a manner was investigated for the severity of interrupting normal liver, pancreas, and kidney functions. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of subcutaneously injected insulin in diabetic and nondiabetic rats were compared. Interruption of glucose homeostasis by STZ was challenged by single and repeated administrations of injected insulin and oral glucose to diabetic rats. In diabetic rats with high glucose (451-750 mg/dL), noticeable changes were seen in the liver and kidney functions compared to rats with lower basal glucose levels. Increased serum levels of recombinant human insulin were clearly indicated by a significant increase in the calculated maximum serum concentration and area under the concentration-time curve. Reversion of serum glucose levels to normal levels pre- and postinsulin and oral glucose administrations to STZ diabetic rats were found to be variable. In conclusion, diabetic animals were more responsive to insulin than nondiabetic animals. STZ was capable of inducing different levels of normal glucose homeostasis disruption in rats. Both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic actions of insulin were altered when different initial blood glucose levels of STZ diabetic rats were selected for testing. Such findings emphasize the importance of selecting predefined and unified glucose levels when using STZ as a diabetogenic agent in experimental protocols evaluating new antidiabetic agents and insulin delivery systems.
Increased Interleukin‐1β Concentration in Gingival Crevicular Fluid as a Characteristic of Periodontitis (1999)

The levels of IL-1beta in GCF were increased in samples from periodontitis patients, regardless of the severity of disease at the sampled site, suggesting that the levels of IL-1beta are typical of a given patient.
Simple, Practical, and Effective Opportunistic Routing for Short-Haul Multi-Hop Wireless Networks (2011)

In this paper, we propose a simple and practical opportunistic routing algorithm, and we analyze its performance along a multi-hop wireless network path, while considering link-level interference among the network nodes. Through our analysis, we show that our algorithm results in significant improvement in throughput, especially for short-haul paths. The proposed algorithm can be easily integrated into most routing protocols with only minor modifications. Consequently, the algorithm provides a practical and effective approach for implementation of opportunistic routing in wireless networks.
Characterization and differential distribution of the three major human protein kinase C isozymes (PKC alpha, PKC beta, and PKC gamma) of the central nervous system in normal and Alzheimer's disease brains. (1991)

Brain kinases may play important roles in normal memory as well as in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. However, there is scant information on these enzymes in the human brain. For this reason, we characterized the immunohistochemical localization of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes in human Alzheimer's disease (AD) and non-AD control brains. Using monoclonal antibodies to PKC alpha, PKC beta, and PKC gamma isozymes, we (a) determined the distribution of each PKC isozyme in eight different brain regions (cerebellum, hippocampus, as well as midfrontal, orbital frontal, motor, occipital, parietal, and temporal cortices) from AD and non-AD control brains and found that these patterns were generally similar to those in the rat brain; (b) showed that there were no significant differences in the normal staining intensity of the monoclonal antibodies in AD and non-AD control brain regions except in the hippocampus; (c) observed striking PKC immunoreactivity in globular and linear profiles in the periphery (corona) of AD senile plaques; and (d) demonstrated that PKC alpha immunoreactivity was enhanced in reactive astrocytes associated with senile plaques and other lesions (embolic infarcts) in both AD and non-AD control brains. The data on the normal distribution of each PKC isozyme were corroborated in quantitative studies of PKC alpha, PKC beta, and PKC gamma protein levels in human postmortem brain regions by Western blotting using our antibodies. We conclude that these three major PKC isozymes can be analyzed directly in postmortem human brain, which is an important first step in understanding the potential role that abnormal phosphorylation might play in the pathogenesis of AD.
Oral antiallergic activity in ascaris hypersensitive dogs: A study of known antihistamines and of the new compounds ramastine (R 57 959) and levocabastine (R 50 547) (1986)

Abstract The antiallergic effectiveness of twelve compounds was studied in ascaris hypersensitive dogs by measuring allergen‐induced skin reactions before and 1, 4, 20, and 72 hr after oral treatment. The specific serotonin S 2 ‐antagonist ritanserin at 2.5 mg/kg and the selective histamine H 2 ‐antagonist cimetidine at 10 mg/kg did not reduce the allergic wheals. Chlorpheniramine and clemastine were inactive at 2.5 mg/kg. The remaining eight compounds studied over a wide dose range produced peak activity at markedly different doses and time intervals (hr). The lowest oral ED50‐values in mg/kg were: levocabastine: 0.0035 (4); R 57 959: 0.048 (20); astemizole: 0.13 (20); ketotifen: 0.20 (4); cyproheptadine: 0.21 (4); azatadine: 0.32 (4); oxatomide: 1.26 (20); terfenadine: 1.26 (1). The lowest oral ED50‐values in dogs and in rats (compound 48/80 lethality test) were similar, the largest difference being a fourfold potency gain of oxatomide in dogs. The short‐acting compounds in rats (azatadine, cyproheptadine, ketotifen, and terfenadine) had also a duration of action of less than 12 hr in dogs. Levocabastine, R 57 959, astemizole, and oxatomide acted more than 16 hr. Maximal inhibition of the allergic wheal volumes was highest with levocabastine (90%); it reached 80% with R 57 959 and ranged from 67 to 78% with the remaining compounds. On the basis of their activity characteristics in dogs, levocabastine and R 57 959 are potentially very effective antiallergic drugs.
A Broad-Spectrum Infection Diagnostic that Detects Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) in Whole Blood (2016)

The FcMBL ELLecSA-based PAMP assay offers a rapid, simple, sensitive and specific method for diagnosing infections, even when blood cultures are negative and antibiotic therapy has been initiated. It may help to triage patients with suspected systemic infections, and serve as a companion diagnostic to guide administration of emerging dialysis-like sepsis therapies.
Adaptive Channel Prediction, Beamforming and Scheduling Design for 5G V2I Network: Analytical and Machine Learning Approaches (2020)

The fifth-generation wireless network (5G) is expected to support vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication which requires an accurate understanding of its highly mobile and dynamic propagation environment for efficient physical layer design. Towards this end, this paper proposes a joint design of adaptive channel prediction, beamforming and scheduling for 5G V2I communications. The channel prediction algorithm is designed without using pilot signals and assuming the channel impulse response (CIR) model. In this regard, we first propose an adaptive recursive least squares (RLS) CIR prediction approach that uses few of the past estimated CIRs to predict one or more future orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) block CIR coefficients. Then, we jointly design beamforming and vehicle equipment (VE) scheduling for each sub-carrier to maximize the uplink channel average sum spectrum efficiency (SE) by employing the predicted CIR. The beamforming problem is formulated as a Rayleigh quotient optimization where its global optimal solution can be obtained. Moreover, the VE scheduling design is formulated as an integer programming problem solved using a greedy search. To enhance the prediction performance, we propose a model-free Q-learning technique to learn a strategy for selecting the best CIR predictor at the current OFDM block. In addition, as the CIR coefficients might contain undesired taps with zero (negligible) average powers, we further examine a dominant CIR tap index identification problem (formulated as convex) from the past observed signals. We carry out extensive simulations to validate analytical expressions and examine the effects of different parameters including the VE speed on the achievable sum SE. Numerical simulations corroborate the superiority of the proposed channel prediction and scheduling algorithms over the existing ones and the relevance of identifying dominant CIR taps.
Optical Biosensing of Nitrate Ions Using a Sol–Gel Immobilized Nitrate Reductase (1997)

The coupling of enzymes with sol–gel technology creates exciting possibilities for biosensing. Enzymes can be highly selective and will only respond to specific analytes. Sol–gels provide a unique matrix in which various biomaterials can be immobilized without any loss of enzyme activity. These two components have been combined for the optical biosensing of nitrate ions. The periplasmic nitrate reductase (Nap) extracted from the denitrifying bacterium Thiosphaera pantotropha reacts specifically with the nitrate (NO 3 - ) anion. The encapsulation of this enzyme in a sol–gel structure for the optical biosensing of nitrate ions is reported. The reduction of nitrate by periplasmic nitrate reductase results in a characteristic change in the UV/VIS absorption spectrum of the nitrate reductase. This spectroscopic change has been quantitatively calibrated against nitrate concentration. The nitrate biosensing system is fully reversible and is highly sensitive and selective to nitrate ions. The results obtained show that the activity of the enzyme is not affected by the sol–gel matrix, even after a storage period of up to six months. As no leaching of the Nap from the sol–gel matrix was observed, it is clear that the encapsulation of this nitrate sensitive enzyme in a sol–gel medium represents an ideal anionic recognition element of an optical biosensor for the detection of nitrate ions in the µmol l - 1 range.
Mass screening for Trypanosoma cruzi infections using the immunofluorescence, ELISA and haemagglutination tests on serum samples and on blood eluates from filter-paper. (1990)

Methods used to diagnose Trypanosoma cruzi infection differ in their ability to discriminate between sera from infected and uninfected individuals. We compared the results of an immunofluorescence (IF) test, a haemagglutination (HA) test, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of T. cruzi infections in a large population-based survey in central Brazil using blood eluates from filter-paper and venous blood samples. The sensitivities of the tests on eluates, compared with results on serum samples, were low: ELISA (78.1%), IF (69.2%) and HA (64.6%). The level of agreement between the tests on eluates was very poor, with the best co-positivity for IF and ELISA. Both the positive and negative predictive values of the three tests on eluates were similar (around 96%) to those for sera. Higher co-positivity values were obtained for the three tests on sera. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to blood screening, routine medical practice, sero-epidemiological surveys, and the follow-up of patients admitted to therapeutic trials.
On-Board Detection of Pedestrian Intentions (2017)

Avoiding vehicle-to-pedestrian crashes is a critical requirement for nowadays advanced driver assistant systems (ADAS) and future self-driving vehicles. Accordingly, detecting pedestrians from raw sensor data has a history of more than 15 years of research, with vision playing a central role. During the last years, deep learning has boosted the accuracy of image-based pedestrian detectors. However, detection is just the first step towards answering the core question, namely <i>is the vehicle going to crash with a pedestrian provided preventive actions are not taken?</i> Therefore, knowing as soon as possible if a detected pedestrian has the intention of crossing the road ahead of the vehicle is essential for performing safe and comfortable maneuvers that prevent a crash. However, compared to pedestrian detection, there is relatively little literature on detecting pedestrian intentions. This paper aims to contribute along this line by presenting a new vision-based approach which analyzes the pose of a pedestrian along several frames to determine if he or she is going to enter the road or not. We present experiments showing 750 ms of anticipation for pedestrians crossing the road, which at a typical urban driving speed of 50 km/h can provide 15 additional meters (compared to a pure pedestrian detector) for vehicle automatic reactions or to warn the driver. Moreover, in contrast with state-of-the-art methods, our approach is monocular, neither requiring stereo nor optical flow information.
Nonlinear modelling and support vector machines (2002)

Neural networks such as multilayer perceptrons and radial basis function networks have been very successful in a wide range of problems. In this paper we give a short introduction to some new developments related to support vector machines (SVM), a new class of kernel based techniques introduced within statistical learning theory and structural risk minimization. This new approach lends to solving convex optimization problems and also the model complexity follows from this solution. We especially focus on a least squares support vector machine formulation (LS-SVM) which enables to solve highly nonlinear and noisy black-box modelling problems, even in very high dimensional input spaces. While standard SVMs have been basically only applied to static problems like classification and function estimation, LS-SVM models have been extended to recurrent models and use in optimal control problems. Moreover, using weighted least squares and special pruning techniques, LS-SVMs can be employed for robust nonlinear estimation and sparse approximation. Applications of (LS)-SVMs to a large variety of artificial and real-life data sets indicate the huge potential of these methods.
A Review of Thermoplastic Composites for Bipolar Plate Materials in PEM Fuel Cells (2011)

Polymer composite materials have particular properties that meet special requirements. A conductive polymer composite is positioned to play an increasingly significant role in industry and academia, specifically in the area of electrical conductivity. Even general knowledge about electrically conductive composites has been available for many years, less attention has been given in the literature to the use of conductive composites for alternative energy production. Why is the use of composite materials for energy production interesting? With a continued growth in the worldwide demand for energy, there is increasing interest in alternative technologies of energy generation such as fuel cells, for various stationary and mobile applications. In this chapter, the authors are mainly interested in a fuel cell as an energy generator, since a fuel cell is expected to play a major role in the economy of this century and for the foreseeable future. A number of factors provide the incentive for fuel cells to play a role in future energy supplies and for transportations, including climate change, oil dependency and energy security, urban air quality, and growth in distributed power generation [1]. A polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a good contender for portable and automotive propulsion applications because it provides high power density, solid state construction, high chemical-to-electrical energy conversion efficiency, near zero environmental emissions, low temperature operation (60 120 oC), and fast and easy startup [2,3, and 4]. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has also identified the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells as the main candidate to replace the internal combustion engine in transportation applications [2]; however, barriers to commercialization remain. Fundamental technical challenges facing the commercialization of PEM fuel cells are manufacturing and material costs; material durability and reliability; and hydrogen storage and distribution issues [4, 5, and 6]. One of the major factors limiting fuel cell commercialization is the development of bipolar plates, which are one of PEMFC’s key components. Bipolar plate characteristic requirements are a challenge for any class of materials, and none fits the profile characteristics exactly. Therefore, research on materials, designs and fabrications of bipolar plates for PEMFC applications is a vital issue for scientists and engineers wanting to achieve the appropriate PEMFC for global commercialization. Several types of materials are
Glucose phosphorylation in tumor cells. Cloning, sequencing, and overexpression in active form of a full-length cDNA encoding a mitochondrial bindable form of hexokinase. (1990)

In rapidly growing tumor cells exhibiting high glucose catabolic rates, the enzyme hexokinase is markedly elevated and bound in large amounts (50-80% of the total cell activity) to the outer mitochondrial membrane (Arora, K.K., and Pedersen, P.L. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 17422-17428; Parry, D.M., and Pedersen, P.L. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 10904-10912). In extending these studies, we have isolated a cDNA clone of hexokinase from a lambda gt11 library of the highly glycolytic, c37 mouse hepatoma cell line. This clone, comprising 4,198 base pairs, contains a single open reading frame of 2,754 nucleotides which encode a 918-amino acid hexokinase with a mass of 102,272 daltons. This enzyme exhibits, respectively, 68 and 32 amino acid differences, including several charge differences, from the recently sequenced human kidney and rat brain enzymes. The putative glucose and ATP binding domains present in the latter two enzymes and in rat liver glucokinase are conserved in the tumor enzyme. At its N-terminal region, tumor hexokinase has a 12-amino acid hydrophobic stretch which is present in the rat brain enzyme but absent in the rat liver glucokinase, a cytoplasmic enzyme. The mature tumor hexokinase protein has been overexpressed in active form in Escherichia coli and purified 9-fold. The overexpressed enzyme binds to rat liver mitochondria in the presence of MgCl2. This is the first report describing the cloning and sequencing of a tumor hexokinase, and the first report documenting the overexpression of any hexokinase type in E. coli. Questions pertinent to the enzyme's mechanism, regulation, binding to mitochondria, and its marked elevation in tumor cells can now be addressed.