gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three iconologies of the boer dwelling (1996)

File type: 600 DPI TIF, Scanner used: Cannonscan 8000f, Software used: Adobe Photoshop V7 and Adobe Acrobat Proffesional V6, File dimensions: 5016 x 6784; 5072 x 6936; 4992 x 6920; 4944 x 6984; 5016 x 6984; 4992 x 6984; 4968 x 6984; 5024 x 6984; 5024 x 6984 pixels, Total file size: 541.8 MB, Compression algorythm: Flate and CCITT group 4, Original document: 21 x 15.4 cm bound book.
농산업 R&D 투자/생산성 국제비교 및 포트폴리오 분석(The comparison of agri-industry R&D investment/productivity among OECD countries and the analysis of R&D portfolio in Korea) (2010)

Lee, Jooryang.December, 2010.농산업 R&D 투자/생산성 국제비교 및 포트폴리오 분석(The comparison of agri-industry R&D investment/productivity among OECD countries and the analysis of R&D portfolio in Korea),Report,서울과학기술정책연구원,정책연구/10-28,120
Light weight HTTP for transport and content sharing in 5G cellular networks (2014)

Content Caching is a promising solution that can reduce network traffic, lower latency and improve the performance in 5G cellular networks. Video content is one of the most important types of multimedia traversing the cellular networks. It generates more traffic on network than any other types of multimedia. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is one of the widely used protocols for content delivery. HTTP can be used to request the content from the servers and content caching. This paper analyzes HTTP and proposes a lighter weight version of it. The lighter weight HTTP shows promise in reducing the networking traffic while maintaining the same level of security as the regular HTTP.
Was the Collapse Inevitable? (1967)

In this concluding lecture I wish to express my thanks for the excellent papers presented at this carefully prepared and in many ways unique conference. In one who grew up, now more than half a century ago, under the reign of Francis Joseph and who has always retained some emotional loyalty to those years of his own youth and his own student days, who went to war in 1914 under the black and yellow flag of the Austrian monarchy—in such a person the fact that here in faraway Midwestern America the problems of the long defunct monarchy are being discussed with a sense of actuality in an international scholarly gathering by men of diverse ideologies and nationalities arouses a feeling of satisfaction and some melancholy.
Overview and Analysis of the Meltblown Process and Parameters (2009)

This paper is a comprehensive review of the meltblown process and parameters. The meltblown process is complex because of the many parameters and interrelationships between those parameters. Due to the competitiveness of the industry, process settings and polymers used are secretive, but there are several key researchers that have published studies on the interactions of meltblown variables. A majority of the research conducted has been on the relationship of process parameters and mean fiber diameter in order to understand how to produce smaller and higher quality fibers. This paper offers suggestions for future research on specific meltblown parameters.
Using smoothed particle hydrodynamics for industrial flow simulations (2000)

Reference LIN-ARTICLE-2007-006 URL: http://ditwww.epfl.ch/SIC/SA/publications/SCR00/scr-00.pdf Record created on 2007-06-21, modified on 2016-08-08
Quantum-dot-encapsulated core–shell barcode particles from droplet microfluidics (2018)

The development of robust quantum dot (QD) barcode particles with specific compositions and simple identification is important to meet the demand for high-throughput assays. Here, we present a multiple-inner phase channel capillary microfluidic approach to generate novel QD-encapsulated core-shell barcode particles with distinctive features for multiplexing analysis. By using different QD dispersed polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) solutions as the inner phases, the particles were endowed with hydrogel locked QD cores, which could maintain the dispersed status and provide distinctive identification for the particles. The shells of the barcode particles were silica nanoparticle-dispersed ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETPTA) resin, which could not only improve the stability and biocompatibility of QDs, but also provide functional groups for immobilization of biomolecules due to the assembling of the silica nanoparticles on their surfaces. Due to the advanced emulsification capability of the capillary microfluidic device, double emulsion templates with multiple inner droplet phases and their resultant multicomponent QD-encapsulated core-shell barcode particles could be continually generated. These particles showed remarkable spectral coding capacity in practice, which make them ideal for biomedical applications.
Research of x-ray automatic image mosaic method (2013)

Image mosaic has widely applications value in the fields of medical image analysis, and it is a technology that carries on the spatial matching to a series of image which are overlapped with each other, and finally builds a seamless and high quality image which has high resolution and big eyeshot. In this paper, the method of grayscale cutting pseudo-color enhancement was firstly used to complete the mapping transformation from gray to the pseudo-color, and to extract SIFT features from the images. And then by making use of a similar measure of NCC (normalized cross correlation - Normalized cross-correlation), the method of RANSAC (Random Sample Consensus) was used to exclude the pseudofeature points right in order to complete the exact match of feature points. Finally, seamless mosaic and color fusion were completed by using wavelet multi-decomposition. The experiment shows that the method we used can effectively improve the precision and automation of the medical image mosaic, and provide an effective technical approach for automatic medical image mosaic.
Lipopolysaccharide Promotes Choroidal Neovascularization by Up-Regulation of CXCR4 and CXCR7 Expression in Choroid Endothelial Cell (2015)

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) has been confirmed to participate in the formation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) via its two receptors: CXC chemokine receptors 4 (CXCR4) and CXCR7. Previous studies have indicated that the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) might elevate CXCR4 and/or CXCR7 expression in tumor cells, enhancing the response to SDF-1 to promote invasion and cell dissemination. However, the impact of LPS on the CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression in endothelial cells and subsequent pathological angiogenesis formation remains to be elucidated. The present study shows that LPS enhanced the CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression via activation of the TLR4 pathway in choroid-retinal endothelial (RF/6A) cells. In addition, the transcriptional regulation of CXCR4 and CXCR7 by LPS was found to be mediated by phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) 1/2 and activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways, which were blocked by ERK- or NF-κB-specific inhibitors. Furthermore, the increased CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression resulted in increased SDF-1-induced RF/6A cells proliferation, migration and tube formation. In vivo, LPS-treated rat had significantly higher mRNA levels of CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression and lager laser-induced CNV area than vehicle-treated rat. SDF-1 blockade with a neutralizing antibody attenuated the progression of CNV in LPS-treated rat after a single intravitreal injection. Altogether, these results demonstrated that LPS might influence CNV formation by enhancing CXCR7 and CXCR7 expression in endothelial cells, possibly providing a new perspective for the treatment of CNV-associated diseases.
The Acid Growth Theory of auxin-induced cell elongation is alive and well. (1992)

Plant cells elongate irreversibly only when load-bearing bonds in the walls are cleaved. Auxin causes the elongation of stem and coleoptile cells by promoting wall loosening via cleavage of these bonds. This process may be coupled with the intercalation of new cell wall polymers. Because the primary site of auxin action appears to be the plasma membrane or some intracellular site, and wall loosening is extracellular, there must be communication between the protoplast and the wall. Some "wall-loosening factor" must be exported from auxin-impacted cells, which sets into motion the wall loosening events. About 20 years ago, it was suggested that the wall-loosening factor is hydrogen ions. This idea and subsequent supporting data gave rise to the Acid Growth Theory, which states that when exposed to auxin, susceptible cells excrete protons into the wall (apoplast) at an enhanced rate, resulting in a decrease in apoplastic pH. The lowered wall pH then activates wall-loosening processes, the precise nature of which is unknown. Because exogenous acid causes a transient (1-4 h) increase in growth rate, auxin must also mediate events in addition to wall acidification for growth to continue for an extended period of time. These events may include osmoregulation, cell wall synthesis, and maintenance of the capacity of walls to undergo acid-induced wall loosening. At present, we do not know if these phenomena are tightly coupled to wall acidification or if they are the products of multiple independent signal transduction pathways.
Sweetener Recognition and Taste Prediction of Coke Drinks by Electronic Tongue (2012)

Natural and artificial sweetener monitoring methods are getting more important, since soft drinks with low energy play a considerable role in the market. Our objective is to describe the relevant sensory attributes and to determine the applicability of the electronic tongue to discriminate the coke drink samples with different sweeteners. Furthermore, the aim is to find a relationship between the taste attributes and measurement results received by the electronic tongue. An Alpha astree electronic tongue and a trained sensory panel are used to evaluate coke samples. Panelists found significant differences between the samples in 13 cases from the 18 sensory attributes defined previously by the consensus group. The samples are definitely distinguished by the electronic tongue. The main difference is found according to the sweetener content of the samples. The electronic tongue is able to distinguish samples containing different kinds of artificial and natural sweeteners, as well. The electronic tongue is able to predict, by the partial least squares regression method, the taste attributes of the coke drinks determined by the sensory panel with close correlation and low prediction error.
A Super‐Family of Medium‐Chain Dehydrogenases/Reductases (MDR) (1994)

The protein super‐family of medium‐chain alcohol dehydrogenases (and glutathione‐dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase), polyol dehydrogenases, threonine dehydrogenase, archaeon glucose dehydrogenase, and eye lens reductase‐active ζ‐crystallins also includes Escherichia coli quinone oxidoreductase, Torpedo VAT‐1 protein, and enoyl reductases of mammalian fatty acid and yeast erythronolide synthases. In addition, two proteins with hitherto unknown function are shown to belong to this super‐family of medium‐chain dehydrogenases and reductases (MDR). Alignment of ζ‐crystallins/quinone oxidoreductases/VAT‐1 reveals 38 strictly conserved residues, of which approximately half are glycine residues, including those at several space‐restricted turn positions and critical coenzyme‐binding positions in the alcohol dehydrogenases. This indicates a conserved three‐dimensional structure at the corresponding parts of these distantly related proteins and a conserved binding of a coenzyme in the two proteins with hitherto unknown function, thus ascribing a likely oxidoreductase function to these proteins. When all forms are aligned, including enoyl reductases, a ζ‐crystallin homologue from Leishmania and the two proteins with hitherto unknown function, only three residues are strictly conserved among the 106 proteins characterised within the super‐family, and significantly these residues are all glycines, corresponding to Gly66, Gly86 and Gly201 of mammalian class I alcohol dehydrogenase. Notably, these residues are located in different domains. Hence, a distant origin and divergent functions, but related forms and interactions, appear to apply to the entire chains of the many prokarotic and eukaryotic members. Additionally, in the ζ‐crystallins/quinone oxidoreductases, a highly conserved tyrosine residue is found. This residue, in the three‐dimensional structure of the homologous alcohol dehydrogenase, is positioned at the sub‐unit cleft that contains the active site and could therefore be involved in catalysis. If so, this residue and its role may resemble the pattern of a conserved tyrosine residue in the different family of short‐chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR).
Intranasal Mycobacterium vaccae administration prevents stress-induced aggravation of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis (2019)

An increasing body of evidence indicates that immunodysregulation and subsequent chronic low-grade inflammation can promote the development of stress-related somatic and psychiatric pathologies, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Thus, immunoregulatory approaches counterbalancing basal and/or stress-induced immune activation should have stress-protective potential. In support of this hypothesis, we recently demonstrated that repeated s.c. preimmunization with a heat-killed preparation of the immunoregulatory bacterium Mycobacterium vaccae (M. vaccae; National Collection of Type Culture (NCTC) 11659), protects mice against stress-induced general anxiety, spontaneous colitis, and aggravation of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in the chronic subordinate colony housing (CSC) paradigm, a validated model for PTSD in male mice. In the current study, we repeatedly administered M. vaccae via the non-invasive intranasal (i.n.; 0.1 mg/mouse/administration) route, prior to or during CSC exposure or single housed control (SHC) conditions, and assessed the effects on general and social anxiety, and on parameters related to the severity of DSS-induced colitis. While administration of M. vaccae prior to the onset of CSC exposure only had minor stress-protective effects, administration of M. vaccae during CSC completely prevented CSC-induced aggravation of DSS colitis. As CSC in the current experimental setting did not reliably increase general anxiety-related behavior, potential stress-protective effects of M.vaccae are difficult to interpret. Taken together, these data broaden the framework for developing bioimmunoregulatory approaches, based on the administration of microorganisms with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties, for the prevention of stress-related disorders.
Integration of overlapping maps made by stereo vision using view field information (1994)

We propose a new method for combining two overlapping maps made by the stereo vision technique utilizing view field information. Degree of matching is evaluated for every matching candidate, where object point pairs and solitary points in the overlapping view fields contribute positive and negative values, respectively. The threshold value used in judging pair is determined by considering the error magnitude, which depends on the distance from the view point. Various kinds of calculation are compared in terms of the freedom of threshold, which is defined as the ratio of the maximum and minimum threshold values, and with which the correct overlap is derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Basal Cell Induced Differentiation of Noncancerous Prostate Epithelial Cells (RWPE-1) by Glycitein (2009)

Increased consumption of soy and soy isoflavones is associated with a reduced risk for prostate cancer (PCa). PCa progression is characterized, in part, by a loss of luminal/basal epithelial differentiation; however, the effects of soy isoflavones on cellular differentiation in the prostate are unknown. The present study examined the effects of the soy isoflavone glycitein on cellular differentiation in prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1, WPE1-NB14, and RWPE-2). Glycitein significantly inhibited RWPE-1 cellular proliferation at concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 50 microM. Expression of the luminal epithelial cell marker cytokeratin 18 was not affected by glycitein treatment in the WPE1-NB14 and RWPE-2 cell lines. However, expression of cytokeratin 18 and prostate specific antigen (PSA) was decreased in the RWPE-1 cell line in response to glycitein treatment, whereas the expression of the basal epithelial cell markers p63 and cytokeratin 5 remained unchanged. These data suggest that glycitein may induce basal cell differentiation in the RWPE-1 cell line.
Sudan I is a potential carcinogen for humans: evidence for its metabolic activation and detoxication by human recombinant cytochrome P450 1A1 and liver microsomes. (2002)

1-Phenylazo-2-hydroxynaphthol (Sudan I, C.I. Solvent Yellow 14) is a liver and urinary bladder carcinogen in mammals. We compared the ability of hepatic microsomal samples from different species including human to metabolize Sudan I. Comparison between experimental animals and human cytochromes P450 (CYP) is essential for the extrapolation of animal carcinogenicity data to assess human health risk. Human microsomes generated the pattern of Sudan I metabolites reproducing that formed by hepatic microsomes of rats. Using hepatic microsomes of rats pretreated with specific CYP inducers, microsomes from Baculovirus-transfected insect cells expressing recombinant human CYP enzymes, purified CYP enzymes, and selective CYP inhibitors, we found that rat CYP1A1 and recombinant human CYP1A1 are the most efficient enzymes metabolizing Sudan I. Microsomes from livers (the target of Sudan I carcinogenicity) of different human donors were used to estimate whether authentic human CYPs oxidize Sudan I. Using Western blot analysis and NH(2)-terminal sequencing, we were able to detect and quantify CYP1A1 in human hepatic microsomes. The sequence of nine amino acids of the protein band cross-reacting with antirat CYP1A1 in human microsomes, LFPISMSAT, matched the sequence of human CYP1A1 perfectly (residues 2-10). CYP1A1 expression levels varied significantly among the different human microsomes (0.04-2.4 pmol/mg protein), and constituted <0.6% of the total hepatic CYP complement. All of the human hepatic microsomal samples oxidized Sudan I to C-hydroxymetabolites. Moreover, using the nuclease P1-enhanced version of the (32)P-postlabeling assay, we found that human microsomes were competent in activating Sudan I to form adducts with DNA. The role of specific CYP enzymes in the human hepatic microsomal metabolism was investigated by correlating the CYP-catalytic activities (or CYP contents) in each microsomal sample with the levels of individual metabolites and/or Sudan I-DNA adducts formed by the same microsomes, and by examining the effects of agents that can inhibit specific CYP in Sudan I metabolism. On the basis of these studies, we attribute most of Sudan I metabolism in human microsomes to CYP1A1, but participation of CYP3A4 cannot be ruled out. These results, the first report on the metabolism of Sudan I by human CYP enzymes, strongly suggest a carcinogenic potency of this rodent carcinogen for humans.
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Secretion of IL-6 Antagonizes Tumor-Derived TGF-β1 and Restores the Lymphokine-Activated Killing Activity (2004)

IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine that regulates cell growth, differentiation, and cell survival. Many tumor cells produce TGF-beta1, which allows them to evade CTL-mediated immune responses. IL-6 antagonizes TGF-beta1 inhibition of CD3 cell activation. However, whether IL-6 restores NK activity, which also is suppressed by TGF-beta1, is not known. We used canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT), which produces TGF-beta1, as a model to determine whether IL-6 restores lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity. During the progression phase, CTVT cells stop expressing MHC molecules. During the regression phase, the number of surface MHC molecules increases dramatically on about one-third of tumor cells. Tumor cells that stop expressing MHC should be targeted by NK cells. In this study, we found that TGF-beta1 secreted by CTVT cells suppressed LAK cytotoxicity. Interestingly, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) isolated from regressing CTVT secrete high concentrations of IL-6 and antagonize the anti-LAK activity of tumor cell TGF-beta1. TIL also produce IL-6 during progression phase, but the concentration is too low to block the anti-LAK activity of TGF-beta1. There is probably a threshold concentration of IL-6 needed to reverse TGF-beta1-inhibited LAK activity. In addition, in the absence of TGF-beta1, IL-6 derived from TIL does not promote the activity of LAK. This new mechanism, in which TIL manufacture high concentrations of IL-6 to block tumor TGF-beta1 anti-LAK activity, has potential applications in cancer immunotherapy and tumor prognosis.
Lossless active clamp for secondary circuits (2002)

Lossless snubbers have been developed with the emphasis on snubbing the primary side switches. With the switching losses in the primary being minimised, the secondary diode losses become a major limiting factor of converter operating frequency and total efficiency. To address this problem, a new active lossless clamp for secondary diodes of switch mode converters is proposed. The clamp recycles diode reverse recovery energy stored in the transformer leakage inductance and allows diodes with smaller reverse voltage to be used in the output circuit. A double reduction of power loss is obtained by recovering the leakage inductance energy and through lower conduction loss of the output diodes. The clamp operates over the full range of load from open circuit to short circuit and is fully compatible with resonant transition type circuits. This paper analyses the operation of the proposed regenerative clamp and discusses the application to various secondary circuits. Finally, the clamp operation is verified by experimental results obtained from the application of the regenerative clamp on a compact 3 kW rectifier.
Archipelago: an Island-based file system for highly available and scalable internet services (2000)

Maintaining availability in the face of failures is a critical requirement for Internet services. Existing approaches in cluster-based data storage rely on redundancy to survive a small number of failures, but the system becomes entirely unavailable if more failures occur. We describe an approach that allows a cluster file server to isolate failures so that the system can continue to serve most clients. Our approach is complementary to existing redundancy-based methods: redundancy can mask the first few failures, and failure isolation can take over and maintain availability for the majority of clients if more failures occur. The building blocks of our design are selfcontained and load-balanced file servers called islands. The main idea underlying island-based design is the one-island principle: as many operations as possible should involve exactly one island. The one-island principle provides failure isolation because each island can function independently of other islands&apos; failures. ...