gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The mechanical properties of dental thermoplastic materials in a simulated intraoral environment (2006)

The present study assessed the mechanical properties of dental thermoplastic materials in a simulated intraoral environment. Eight dental thermoplastic products – EVA (Bioplast), PE (Copyplast), PETG (Duran), PP (Hardcast), PC (Imprelon“S”), A+ (Essix A+), C+ (Essix C+), and PUR (Invisalign) – were examined using the following tests: (1) 2-week water absorption test, (2) thickness-change tests with thermoforming and water absorption, (3) tensile tests under room temperature (23 °C) and in a simulated intraoral environment (37 °C). The results were as follows: (1) water absorption increased with time and ranking was (from highest to lowest): PUR, PETG, A+, PC, EVA, PP, C+, and PE. (2) The changes in thickness ranged from 74.9 to 92.6% in comparison with the specimens before thermoforming. Linear expansion with water absorption ranged from 100.3 to 119.9%. (3) The elastic moduli of PC, PETG, and A+ in the simulated intraoral environment showed significant increases in original sheets; in contrast PP, C+, PE, and EVA were significantly reduced. No significant changes were observed in PUR. Tensile yield stress of the specimens in the simulated intraoral environment decreased in comparison with original sheets.The present result suggests that the mechanical properties of dental thermoplastic materials varied due to environmental factors. Moreover, behavior change is influenced by molecular structure and orientation. The application of thermoplastic materials for orthodontic tooth movement requires a sufficient understanding of the material characteristics, optimal material selection, and design.
Development and validation of a 3D-printed neuronavigation headset for therapeutic brain stimulation (2018)

Accurate neuronavigation is essential for optimal outcomes in therapeutic brain stimulation. MRI-guided neuronavigation, the current gold standard, requires access to MRI and frameless stereotaxic equipment, which is not available in all settings. Scalp-based heuristics depend on operator skill, with variable reproducibility across operators and sessions. An intermediate solution would offer superior reproducibility and ease-of-use to scalp measurements, without requiring MRI and frameless stereotaxy.We present and assess a novel neuronavigation method using commercially-available, inexpensive 3D head scanning, computer-aided design, and 3D-printing tools to fabricate form-fitted headsets for individuals that hold a stimulator, such as an rTMS coil, in the desired position over the scalp.20 individuals underwent scanning for fabrication of individualized headsets designed for rTMS of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). An experienced operator then performed three trials per participant of three neuronavigation methods: MRI-guided, scalp-measurement (BeamF3 method), and headset placement, and marked the sites obtained. Accuracy (versus MRI-guidance) and reproducibility were measured for each trial of each method.Within-subject accuracy (against a gold-standard centroid of three MRI-guided localizations) for MRI-guided, scalp-measurement, and headset methods was 3.7 ± 1.6 mm, 14.8 ± 7.1 mm, and 9.7 ± 5.2 mm respectively, with headsets significantly more accurate (M = 5.1, p = 0.008) than scalp-measurement methods. Within-subject reproducibility (against the centroid of 3 localizations in the same modality) was 3.7 ± 1.6 mm (MRI), 4.2 ± 1.4 (scalp-measurement), and 1.4 ± 0.7 mm (headset), with headsets achieving significantly better reproducibility than either other method (p < 0.0001).3D-printed headsets may offer good accuracy, superior reproducibility and greater ease-of-use for stimulator placement over DLPFC, in settings where MRI-guidance is impractical.
Kinetic and Safety Studies on Intrathecally Infused Recombinant-Methionyl Human Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Dogs (1997)

To define the kinetics and safety of spinally infused recombinant-methionyl human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (r metHuBDNF), beagle dogs were prepared with lumbar intrathecal catheters passed through the cisternal membrane to the L1-L4 lumbar level. For kinetic studies, r-metHuBDNF was delivered by bolus or infusion through one catheter and lumbar CSF was sampled periodically through a second. As a lumbar boles, r-metHuBDNF displayed a biphasic clearance with t½a = 0.7 hr and t½b = 7.9 hr. Lumbar to cisternal concentrations after bolus delivery were approximately 60:1. For safety studies, dogs received continuous intrathecal infusion (2.4 ml/day) for 28 days of saline (n = 6), r-metHuBDNF at 200 (n = 6), 800 (n = 6), or 2000 (n = 7) μg/day. Control dogs showed no changes. Intrathecally infused r-metHuBDNF produced a dose-dependent increase in muscle tone and decreased coordination. Low-dose r-metHuBDNF was associated with moderate increases in muscle tone after 22–28 days of infusion. No clinically important changes were noted in rectal temperature, arterial pressure, respiration and heart rate, body weight, food consumption, stool or urine output, or change in blood chemistries measured throughout the study. Cisternal CSF protein and glucose sampled at 28 days were not different between dose groups and all cultures were negative. Histopathological examination of the spinal cord typically revealed some degree of chronic inflammation around the catheter, including fibrotic adhesions and focal accumulations of lymphoid and plasma cells, but these effects were not dose dependent. In other dogs receiving r-metHuBDNF (2000 or 4000 μg/day), termination of infusion resulted in significant recovery.
High-speed traveling-wave directional coupler switch/modulator for λ = 1.32 µm (1983)

We have designed and fabricated a Ti:LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> waveguide traveling-wave directional coupler switch/modulator operating at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda = 1.32 \mu</tex> m that exhibits a 3 dB modulation bandwidth of 7.2 GHz, a switching voltage of 4.5 V, and power per unit bandwidth of 7.6 mw/ GHz. Using short drive pulses, optical pulsewidths as short as 58 ps have been generated and directly measured with a high-speed InGaAs/InP p-i-n photodiode. Thick ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim 2.8 \mu</tex> m) electroplated gold has been used to produce a small gap (5 μm) and low-loss coplanar strip electrode. The 1.5 cm long, 15 μm wide electrode has a dc resistance of 7 Ω and a total microwave power loss of ∼4dB at 5 GHz.
The thermal stability of S-nitrosothiols: experimental studies andab initio calculations on model compounds (1997)

One factor responsible for the enhanced thermal stability of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), compared with S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC), has been shown, by ab initio calculations on model compounds, to be steric interactions in the dimerisation reaction leading to disulfide formation. Studies using DSC and TGA indicate that the two gem methyl groups in SNAP do not have a substantial effect on the strength of the –S–NO bond.
Ishophloroglucin A, a Novel Phlorotannin for Standardizing the Anti-α-Glucosidase Activity of Ishige okamurae (2018)

Nutraceutical use of algae requires understanding of the diversity and significance of their active compositions for intended activities. <i>Ishige okamurae</i> (<i>I. okamurae</i>) extract is well-known to possess α-glucosidase inhibitory activity; however, studies are needed to investigate its active composition in order to standardize its α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. In this study, we observed the intensity of the dominant compounds of each <i>I. okamurae</i> extract harvested between 2016 and 2017, and the different potency of each <i>I. okamurae</i> extract against α-glucosidase. By comparing the anti-α-glucosidase ability of the dominant compounds, a novel Ishophloroglucin A with highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity was identified and suggested for standardization of anti-α-glucosidase activity in <i>I. okamurae</i> extract. Additionally, a validated analytical method for measurement of Ishophloroglucin A for future standardization of <i>I. okamurae</i> extract was established in this study. We suggest using Ishophloroglucin A to standardize anti-α-glucosidase potency of <i>I. okamurae</i> and propose the significance of standardization based on their composition for effective use of algae as marine-derived nutraceuticals.
LOW INPUT VOLTAGE CONVERSION (1962)

A literature search was made to determine all known methods of power conversion and to obtain performance data on these methods and data on transducer devices. The following approaches were investigated in detail: Transistor Approach; Tunnel Diode Approach; Electromechanical Approach; Hall Effect Approach; Magnetoresistive Approach; Superconductive Approach; Photoresistive Approach. Calculations have been made to determine transducer requirements for each approach. Formulas have been derived and calculations made which determine the resistance ratios necessary between the 'off' and 'on' tranducers in a push-pull circuit to achieve any given efficiency. This information has been used to determine requirements and feasibility of various approaches.
Effect of Temperature on Thermal Properties of Different Types of High-Strength Concrete (2010)

The knowledge of high temperature thermal properties is critical for evaluating the fire response of concrete structures. This paper presents the effect of temperature on the thermal properties of different types of high-strength concrete (HSC). Specific heat, thermal conductivity, and thermal expansion are measured for three concrete types, namely, HSC, self-consolidating concrete (SCC), and fly ash concrete (FAC), in the temperature range from 20–800°C. The effect of steel, polypropylene, and hybrid fibers on thermal properties of HSC and SCC is also investigated. Results from experiments show that SCC possesses higher thermal conductivity, specific heat, and thermal expansion than HSC and FAC in the 20–800°C temperature range. Data generated from tests is utilized to develop simplified relationships for expressing different thermal properties as a function of temperature. The proposed thermal property relationships can be used as input data for evaluating the response of concrete structures under fire conditions.
The Abdominal Compartment Syndrome as a Second Insult During Systemic Neutrophil Priming Provokes Multiple Organ Injury (2003)

In our recent clinical study of damage control laparotomy, the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) emerged as an independent risk factor for postinjury multiple organ failure (MOF). We and others have shown previously that the ACS promotes the systemic production of proinflammatory cytokines. Our study objective was to develop a clinically relevant two-event animal model of postinjury MOF using the ACS as a second insult during systemic neutrophil priming to provoke organ dysfunction. Male adult rats underwent hemorrhagic shock (30 mmHg x 45 min) and were resuscitated with crystalloids and shed blood. The timing of postshock systemic neutrophil (PMN) priming was determined by the surface expression of CD11b via flow cytometry. Finding maximal PMN priming at 8 h, but no priming at 2 h (early) and 18 h (late), the ACS (25 mmHg x 60 min) was introduced at these time points. At 24 h postshock, lung injury was assessed by lung elastase concentration and Evans blue dye extravasation in bronchoalveolar lavage. Liver and renal injuries were determined by serum alanine aminotransferase, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. The ACS during the time of maximal systemic PMN priming (8 h) provoked lung and liver injury, but did not if introduced at 2 or 18 h postshock when there was no evidence of systemic PMN priming. The 24-h mortality of this two-event model was 33%. These findings corroborate the potential for the ACS to promote multiple organ injury when occurring at the time of systemic PMN priming. This clinically relevant two-event animal model of PMN organ injury may be useful in elucidating therapy strategies to prevent postinjury MOF.
Novel regional age-associated DNA methylation changes within human common disease-associated loci (2016)

By analysing the functionally enriched disease and trait-associated regions of the human genome, we identify novel epigenetic ageing changes, which could be useful biomarkers or provide mechanistic insights into age-related common diseases.
Using discrete event modeling for effective computer animation control (1991)

The authors demonstrate a method for combining discrete event modeling methods with keyframe computer animation. The focus has been to study existing methods in computer simulation that can be used to aid the graphics community in their search for better mathematical modeling approaches for complicated systems. Such systems often contain discrete as well as continuous components and multiple models must be used to coordinate or control the animation. The authors discuss an animation of several articulated figures-the dining philosophers scenario-via the control afforded by discrete event modeling and simulation. It is found that multiple models consisting of discrete event and continuous components can provide an easier-to-understand description of a complex system. With the increased amount of physically based modeling research in the graphics field and the tendency toward more graphical realizations of model execution in the simulation field, the authors see a need to integrate methodologies from both fields. >
OTM: Applying objects to tasks (1987)

OTM is a concurrent object language presently being implemented at the University of Toronto. It provides a novel, simple and powerful way of structuring tasks or collections of operations. This paper describes the concurrency control features of OTM, which include external termination of tasks. An example demonstrates how the language can be used to cleanly and concisely control cooperating objects.
A frame-based multi-view video transmission system for multi-user environment (2017)

Multi-View Video (MVV) offers an immersive experience by allowing users to freely observe scene from different angles. It can even strengthen the experience of viewers sharing videos and their comments together in multi-user environments. Thus, multi-view Video in multi-user environments has been gaining substantial interest. Although the video compression coding can reduce the pressure of single-user transmission on the Internet, the transmission for multi-user on the mobile Internet is still a huge challenge. This article proposes a novel framework to transfer the part that viewers have common interests rather than the entire video file to each user. For each frame, the order of transmission is determined by the viewers degree of demand. A predictive model has been introduced to understand the change of users focus. Furthermore, this article designs the Frame-based Multi-view Video System(FMTS) to implement this framework and build the test system on Android platform. Comparing FMTS with other conventional systems, experimental results show that FMTS can save 40.9% of the network bandwidth and 44.2% of the local storage space for the device.
Fast Rhythmic Bursting Can Be Induced in Layer 2/3 Cortical Neurons by Enhancing Persistent Na<sup>+</sup>Conductance or by Blocking BK Channels (2003)

Fast rhythmic bursting (or "chattering") is a firing pattern exhibited by selected neocortical neurons in cats in vivo and in slices of adult ferret and cat brain. Fast rhythmic bursting (FRB) has been recorded in certain superficial and deep principal neurons and in aspiny presumed local circuit neurons; it can be evoked by depolarizing currents or by sensory stimulation and has been proposed to depend on a persistent g(Na) that causes spike depolarizing afterpotentials. We constructed a multicompartment 11-conductance model of a layer 2/3 pyramidal neuron, containing apical dendritic calcium-mediated electrogenesis; the model can switch between rhythmic spiking (RS) and FRB modes of firing, with various parameter changes. FRB in this model is favored by enhancing persistent g(Na) and also by measures that reduce [Ca(2+)](i) or that reduce the conductance of g(K(C)) (a fast voltage- and Ca(2+)-dependent conductance). Axonal excitability plays a critical role in generating fast bursts in the model. In vitro experiments in rat layer 2/3 neurons confirmed (as shown previously by others) that RS firing could be switched to fast rhythmic bursting, either by buffering [Ca(2+)](i) or by enhancing persistent g(Na). In addition, our experiments confirmed the model prediction that reducing g(KC) (with iberiotoxin) would favor FRB. During the bursts, fast prepotentials (spikelets) could occur that did not originate in apical dendrites and that appear to derive from the axon. We suggest that modulator-induced regulation of [Ca(2+)] dynamics or of BK channel conductance, for example via protein kinase A, could play a role in determining the firing pattern of neocortical neurons; specifically, such modulation could play a role in regulating whether neurons respond to strong stimulation with fast rhythmic bursts.
Risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy: the evidence speaks. (2003)

Until recently, observational studies suggested a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporotic fractures, cognitive decline and colon cancer with the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Recent randomized controlled trials have failed to show a protective effect of HRT in reducing the risk of coronary artery disease and instead have revealed an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, invasive breast cancer and venous thromboembolism, but a decreased risk of colorectal cancer and osteoporotic fractures. In this article we review the current evidence of the risks and benefits of HRT.
The wobble motor: design, fabrication and testing of an eccentric-motion electrostatic microactuator (2003)

The basic characteristics and advantages of microelectromechanical systems, machines constructed of small moving subelements which have characteristic dimensions in the range of about 0.5 to 500 mu m, are reviewed; design problems are considered; and particular attention is given to the wobble motor (WM) developed by S.C. Jacobsen et al. (1989) using electrodischarge machining (EDM). Fifteen EDM WMs have been constructed and utilized for experimental purposes. WM explorations have demonstrated that micro systems can be quite easily constructed by means other than etching silicon. Experiments aimed at generating simple preliminary data have been conducted, and results compare reasonably to analytical studies. Results reported include stall torque measurements, speed measurements, torque-speed measurements, and wear measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Complete Guide To Db2 Universal Database (1998)

1. Introduction 2. Basics 3. Interactive SQL 4. Static SQL 5. Query Power 6. Datatypes and Functions 7. Active Data 8. Dynamic SQL 9. Stored Procedures 10. Database Administration Appendix A: Special Registers Appendix B: Functions Appendix C: Typecodes Appendix D: System Catalog Tables Appendix E: Syntax for Host Variable Declarations in C and C++ Appendix F: IBM Publications
Analyzing DICOM and non-DICOM Features in Content-Based Medical Image Retrieval: A Multi-Layer Approach (2006)

This paper presents a hybrid approach to perform content-based retrieval on medical image databases. It takes advantage of a pre-processed case base that is batch updated. DICOM information is used to perform pre-filtering to speed up the retrieval process and a image processing knowledge base is used to dynamically reconfigure the most appropriated image processing procedures to perform the image feature extraction. It shows that pre-filtering can speed up considerably the retrieval process and also that some image features produce very similar results what leads to future work on defining the needed digital image processing knowledge base.
Diversity techniques for mobile radio reception (1975)

After discussing the nature of the electromagnetic field in urban environments, and the use of diversity techniques in fading media, the paper presents a survey of these techniques as applied to mobile radio, with emphasis on systems designed for analogue communication. It includes a unified approach to systems based on the double-heterodyne phase-stripper principle. The discussion is not restricted to present-day receivers only, but includes considerations which may apply in future designs.
Plastic Design Applied to Trusses (1973)

Plastic design is increasing in popularity as a method of designing one- and two-story unbraced frames and braced multistory frames. The method of design discussed herein allows an extension of plastic design concepts to the design of trusses. The method is not proposed for the design of individual members of the truss system, because truss compression members will generally buckle prior to deforming enough for load redistribution. However, using the method will allow continuous and fixed ended trusses to be designed for lower resisting moments at a section than would normally be determined using an indeterminate analysis approach. For example, the method presented allows a continuous truss to be designed to support gravity moments as opposed to those higher moments determined from an elastic analysis. Consequently, the truss chord members are designed for smaller forces, thereby resulting in a direct savings in truss cost.
Gigabit Wireless Networking with IEEE 802.11ac:Technical Overview and Challenges (2015)

The ever-growing proliferation of wireless devices and concurrent deployments of bandwidth intensive applications has been having a significant impact on user experience in high-density wireless areas. IEEE 802.11ac is a recently ratified Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standard that promises to improve wireless user experience by delivering gigabit speed to end-user applications. 802.11ac utilizes new technologies such as Channel Bonding, Beamforming, and Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO) to improve wireless performance. This article reviews recent technological advances made in the field of WLANs and then focuses on the recent IEEE 802.11ac standard. We present actual data rates attained by currently available 802.11ac hardware, and we also discuss foreseen technical challenges that still need to be addressed to enable efficient and seamless gigabit wireless networking
Kv1.3 potassium channels as a therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis (2009)

We discuss the potential use of inhibitors of Kv1.3 potassium channels in T lymphocytes as therapeutics for multiple sclerosis. Current treatment strategies target the immune system in a non-selective manner. The resulting general immunosuppression, toxic side-effects and increased risk of opportunistic infections create the need for more selective therapeutics. Autoreactive effector-memory T (T(EM)) cells, considered to be major mediators of autoimmunity, express large numbers of Kv1.3 channels. Selective blockers of Kv1.3 inhibit calcium signaling, cytokine production and proliferation of T(EM) cells in vitro, and T(EM) cell-motility in vivo. Kv1.3 blockers ameliorate disease in animal models of multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes mellitus and contact dermatitis without compromising the protective immune response to acute infections. Kv1.3 blockers have a good safety profile in rodents and primates.