gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Examen des réformes sectorielles en République tchèque (2002)

Depuis sa création en 1993, la République tchèque a connu une période de larges et profonds changements s’agissant de sa structure juridique et de son cadre institutionnel, rendus nécessaires pour assurer la transition vers une économie de marché. Ce chapitre concerne les secteurs de l’énergie (gaz et électricité) et du transport (routier et transport de marchandise par rail). Ces secteurs sont importants dans les dépenses de consommation finale, en tant qu’intrants dans d’autres secteurs et par leur impact sur la compétitivité économique globale. Des progrès substantiels ont été réalisés durant la dernière décennie. L’environnement réglementaire a été libéralisé et une certaine concurrence s’est manifestée. La réforme cependant demeure incomplète, l’état demeurant encore significativement impliqué dans ces secteurs. Des progrès sont également nécessaires s’agissant du cadre réglementaire pour établir une confiance dans le marché, par le biais d’une clarté et d’une transparence accrues du processus réglementaire. Les perspectives d’accession de la République tchèque à l’Union européenne devraient encourager les autorités à mettre en place un tel cadre en conformité avec les directives correspondantes de l’Union européenne.
Low-temperature direct current glow discharges at atmospheric pressure (2005)

Low-temperature direct current (dc) glow discharges were successfully generated at one atmospheric pressure with very low-power consumption in the level of several watts up to tens of watts. The glow discharges can be ignited and sustained in both continuous and pulsed modes, and can be run with several plasma gases including argon, helium, nitrogen, and air. Depending on the gas flow rate ranged from tens of millimeters per minute to several liters per minute, the glow discharges can be created and sustained in between the two planar electrodes or blown out of the discharge chamber to form low-temperature plasma brushes. The dc current to sustain the glow discharges is in the range of several milliamps to tens of milliamps. Temperature measurements using a thermocouple thermometer showed that the gas temperatures of the plasma brushes are close to room temperature when running with relatively high gas flow rates.
Spray pyrolysis deposition of thin films (1996)

Ternary compound thin films have been prepared on Pyrex glass substrates by the spray pyrolysis process using tin chloride and n, n-dimethylthiourea as starting materials. The depositions were carried out at a substrate temperature of . The identification of the phase was achieved by means of x-ray diffraction measurements. The optical reflectance and transmittance of the prepared films were used to obtain the variation of the refractive index and the extinction coefficient as a function of the wavelength. These calculated values were used to find the absorption coefficient and the optical bandgap and gave . From measurements of the conductance as a function of , a dark activation energy was determined with a value of 1.02 eV.
Cloning of a DNA Fragment Carrying the 4-Hydroxycinnamate Decarboxylase (<i>pof</i>K) Gene from<i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i>, and Its Constitutive Expression in<i>Escherichia coli</i>JM109 Cells (1994)

The 4-hydroxycinnamate decarboxylase gene (pofK gene) was cloned from Klebsiella oxytoca, an epiphytic bacterium able to decarboxylate hydroxycinnamic acids to styrene derivatives, in Escherichia coli JM109. Colonies of the enzyme activity-positive transformants were screened by a selection assay combined with an antifungal test using Cladosporium herbarum IHU9262 as the bio-indicator. Two positive transformants constitutively producing 4-hydroxycinnamate decarboxylase were obtained. One of the transformants had a recombinant plasmid designated as pTCD100 in which a 9.6 kb HindIII segment carrying pofK gene was contained. As the expression of the pofK gene in K. oxytoca was substrate-inducible, it was most likely that the pofK gene expression in E. coli cells was free from any regulation by a pofK gene repressor postulated in K. oxytoca cells. The decarboxylase synthesized in E. coli cells showed almost the same specific activity as that of K. oxytoca induced by the substrate.
Large-scale taxonomy induction using entity and word embeddings (2017)

Taxonomies are an important ingredient of knowledge organization, and serve as a backbone for more sophisticated knowledge representations in intelligent systems, such as formal ontologies. However, building taxonomies manually is a costly endeavor, and hence, automatic methods for taxonomy induction are a good alternative to build large-scale taxonomies. In this paper, we propose TIEmb, an approach for automatic unsupervised class subsumption axiom extraction from knowledge bases using entity and text embeddings. We apply the approach on the WebIsA database, a database of subsumption relations extracted from the large portion of the World Wide Web, to extract class hierarchies in the Person and Place domain.
A very-high-slew-rate CMOS operational amplifier (1989)

The amplifier uses a circuit to inject an extra bias current into a conventional source-coupled CMOS differential input stage in the presence of large differential input signals. This measure substantially increases the slew rate of an operational amplifier for a given quiescent current. The performance of the amplifier is compared to a conventional operational amplifier when used in a sample-and-hold circuit. The maximum operating clock frequency of the sample-and-hold increases from 290 kHz to 1 MHz with a hold capacitor of 1 nF. The amplifier has been fabricated in a 5- mu m CMOS process and dissipates a static power of 7.5 mW.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sequential power transfer between stripes of a diode laser array via photorefractive two-wave mixing in BaTiO3 (1990)

We report the transfer of 48% of the incident power from a semiconductor laser array into a diffraction-limited beam by means of photorefractive coherent beam combination in BaTiO3, using a progressive two-wave mixing geometry. A single-element, photorefractive beam combiner is described which should allow the transfer of 88% of the power of a suitable array into a single diffraction-limited beam.
Glycosylidene Carbenes. Part 8. Crystal Structure of a Cyclic, N‐Acetylallosamine‐Derived Alkoxy‐alkyl‐diazirine (1992)

Abstract The crystal structure of 2‐acetamido‐1,5‐anhydro‐1‐azi‐3‐ O ‐benzyl‐4,6‐ O ‐benzylidene‐1,2‐ dideoxy‐D‐allitol ( 6 ) is reported, and the structural parameters of the diazirine moiety are compared with those of other free diazirines for which structural information has been determined or calculated previously. Lengthening of the NN bond and shortening of the CN bonds can be observed as the substituents at the C‐atom of the diazirine ring become more electronegative and/or stronger π‐electron donors. This is consistent with descriptions of the bonding nature of diazirines and similar observations made on substituted cyclopropanes.
818. Aromatic substitution. Part II. Nitration of aromatic compounds with nitronium tetrafluoroborate and other stable nitronium salts (1956)

G. Oláh, S. Kuhn and A. Mlinkó, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 4257 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560004257
Synthesis of trichain and tetrachain radial polybutadienes (1965)

Abstract Tri‐ and tetrachain radial polybutadienes have been synthesized by coupling very dilute solutions of linear polybutadienyllithium with stoichiometric amounts of methyltrichlorosilane or silicon tetrachloride. These polymers have three or four long chains (100–2000 carbon atoms) attached to a single atom.
Recombinant Human Soluble Thrombomodulin Delivers Bounded Thrombin to Antithrombin III: Thrombomodulin Associates with Free Thrombin and Is Recycled to Activate Protein C (1993)

Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rhs-TM), having no transmembrane domain or chondroitin sulfate, was expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Interactions between rhs-TM, thrombin (Th), protein C (PC) and antithrombin III (ATIII) were studied. Equilibrium between rhs-TM and Th had no detectable time lag in clotting inhibition (Kd = 2.6 nM) or PC activation (Kd = 22 nM), while ATIII inhibited Th at a bimolecular rate constant = 5,200 M-1s-1 (Kd < 0.2 nM). A mixture of ATIII, Th and rhs-TM showed that ATIII reacted with Th slower than rhs-TM, whose presence did not affect the reaction between ATIII and Th. In a mixture of rhs-TM, ATIII and PC, the repeated addition of Th caused the repeated activation of PC; which was consistent with the simulation based on the assumption that rhs-TM is recycled as a Th cofactor. From these results, we concluded that upon inhibition of the rhs-TM-Th complex by ATIII, rhs-TM is released to recombine with free Th and begins to activate PC, while the Th-ATIII complex does not affect rhs-TM-Th equilibrium.
Salient event-detection in video surveillance scenarios (2008)

Surveillance video data is accumulating at a staggering rate, making its manual handling impossible. Therefore, automatic tools for analysis and processing of such data are highly needed. In most video surveillance scenarios the most interesting parts of the recorded data are those where an unusual event takes place. The rest of the data, which is actually representing the greatest part, relates to usual or normal activities that are of no real value to the security task and thus its viewing, storage and processing are pure waste of resources. Therefore, automatically finding the exact spot in a surveillance video sequence where an interesting event occurred is of great importance financially and to take timely actions.In this project we investigate the detection of remarkable events in video surveillance scenarios. We look into how to distinguish events in surveillance scenarios, and further what is a remarkable event. We specifically focus our attention on the event of object dropping in public places such as airports and train stations. We try to answer some of the following questions: Is it possible to create a system for modeling salient events in surveillance scenarios? How does one determine what stands out as a remarkable event? How to distinguish between less remarkable events and more remarkable event taking place?
An Optimization Model and Tabu Search Heuristic for Scheduling of Tasks on a Radar Sensor (2016)

A radar task is an event on the radar timeline that is used to sense a new target or update the information about a previously detected target. A radar sensor performs a variety of different tasks that need to be completed before a certain time horizon. The efficient utilization of the radar timeline is thus a critical issue in the operation of modern radar systems. This paper develops a generalized framework for the radar task scheduling problem in order to allow for scheduling flexibility and the ability to handle multiple tasks using a single radar. An exact optimization model to schedule the tasks and a computationally efficient tabu search heuristic scheduling method are proposed. The full structure of the radar task is explicitly considered in a way that prevents collision of subtasks while naturally performing interleaving of subtasks in order to make more efficient use of the radar timeline. The optimization model and the heuristic method are constructed in a flexible manner in order to easily accommodate various system and scenario specific constraints. Computational results are presented to assess the behavior of the proposed method.
Photochromism of Spirooxazines in Homogeneous Solution and Phospholipid Liposomes (1998)

The photochromic behavior of several spirooxazines (SO) containing phenanthrene or phenanthroline moieties in the oxazine part of molecules has been investigated in several solvents and phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes. The solvatochromic properties of the merocyanine (MC) forms of these dyes were used to probe their location within the PC membrane. Transient spectroscopic measurements revealed that, when first formed by photoexcitation, the MC forms of phenanthroline-containing spirooxazines were located at relatively nonpolar sites within the membrane, but they subsequently moved to a more polar environment typical of the aqueous−organic interface. The characteristic time for this intersite movement was τ ≈ 10-3 s, corresponding to a diffusion coefficient of D ≈ 10-11 cm2 s-1. In contrast, these spectral shifts were not observed when PC liposome-bound SO containing the phenanthrene moiety were photoexcited, suggesting that either intersite diffusion was more rapid for these compounds or the initially formed MC (and its spiro precursor) were located in a more polar microenvironment. The rate of thermal ring-closing following UV photoexcitation decreased modestly when either an electron-withdrawing group was present on the MC oxazine ring or an electron-donating group was present on the MC indoline ring. A dramatic increase in the ring-closing rate was observed for an o-phenanthroline-containing SO coordinated to a Ru(bpy)22+ metal center, an effect attributable to strong donation of electron density from the Ru(II) d-orbitals into the ligand π*-orbitals.
A small boundary for $H^{\infty }$ on the polydisc (1972)

Let A" be the unit polydisc in C" and let Tn be its distinguished boundary. It is shown that for n~2 there is a nowhere dense subset of the maximal ideal space of Loe(Tn) which defines a closed boundary for /i,c0(A").
Exploiting operating system support for dynamic page placement on a NUMA shared memory multiprocessor (1991)

Article Exploiting operating system support for dynamic page placement on a NUMA shared memory multiprocessor Share on Authors: Richard P. LaRowe View Profile , James T. Wilkes View Profile , Carla S. Ellis View Profile Authors Info & Claims PPOPP '91: Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practice of parallel programmingApril 1991 Pages 122–132https://doi.org/10.1145/109625.109639Online:01 April 1991Publication History 23citation317DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations23Total Downloads317Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Loss of T-cell receptor zeta chain and p56lck in T-cells infiltrating human renal cell carcinoma. (1993)

Cancer patients and mice bearing tumors develop a progressive immunosuppression manifested by a decreased delayed-type hypersensitivity, decreased T-cell lytic activity, diminished production of lymphokines, and a reduced T-cell proliferative response. The mechanisms underlying these changes are incompletely understood. We recently reported the presence of marked alterations in signal transduction in T-cells from mice bearing long-term (28-day) tumours. We hypothesized that a soluble product produced by the tumor or resulting from the immune response to tumor might be responsible for inducing the changes in T-cells. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from patients with renal cell carcinoma tested here showed, in 10 of 11 cases, a marked decrease in the expression of the T-cell receptor zeta chain and in p56lck tyrosine kinase. The presence of major alterations in the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with only minor changes in the peripheral blood leukocyte T-cells supports the notion that the defects are induced by exposure to tumor. These results suggest that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes may be compromised in their antitumor efficacy in patients with renal cell cancer.
The development and study of a practical spaced-loop radio direction-finder for high frequencies (1947)

This paper discusses the principles of design of spaced-loop radio direction-finders and describes a practical instrument embodying these principles. The dimensions of the model described are: size of loops, 1 m square; spacing between loops, 3 m. It has been designed for the frequency range within which the spaced-loop direction-finder can have most useful applications, namely 3–15 Mc/s (λ 20–100m). The sensitivity of the instrument is such that for an arc of silence not exceeding ±5 deg, the required field strength, for a ground wave, varies from 1.5 to 4 μV/m throughout the range. The direction-finder is provided with a simple and effective means of determining the sense of the bearing, operating on novel principles.To obtain the high accuracy of which the spaced-loop radio direction-finder is capable, care must be taken that the local surroundings of the aerials do not contain features capable of introducing errors of various types. In particular, attention must be paid to the proper disposition of power or telephone cables.In the Appendices, the effects of the essentially non-uniform character of the current distribution in loop aerials are considered, and it is shown that certain arrangements of spaced-loop aerials may be very inaccurate on account of a type of polarization error thus introduced.
Androgen Receptors in the Brain: What Are We Measuring?* (1983)

Androgen has long been known to act on the brain to modify behavior and other brain functions. In the past, two methods have been used to characterize the putative receptors which mediate these actions. Autoradiography has been used to map and identify androgen binding neurons. Binding studies have been conducted to quantify and characterize the system(s). The resultant data are discordant and a new model is proposed to resolve the apparent differences. It is proposed that there are three categories of receptors for androgen in the brain. One receptor preferentially binds testosterone and a second one preferentially binds DHT. Both of these receptors are in equilibrium between nucleus and cytoplasm according to the free water content of the compartments. Both of these receptors can be activated and transformed by steroid and thus concentrate in the nucleus. It is proposed that a third receptor binds both steroids with the same relative affinity. However, this third receptor can only be activated but not transformed (i.e. it does not concentrate in the nucleus). The proposed system implies that testosterone acts on a few discrete populations of neurons in the brain while DHT has a very diffuse action on the central nervous system.
Inhibition of Riboflavin Metabolism in Rat Tissues by Chlorpromazine, Imipramine, and Amitriptyline (1981)

Prompted by recognition of the similar structures of riboflavin (vitamin B(2)), phenothiazine drugs, and tricyclic antidepressants, our studies sought to determine effects of drugs of these two types upon the conversion of riboflavin into its active coenzyme derivative, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in rat tissues. Chlorpromazine, a phenothiazine derivative, and imipramine and amitriptyline, both tricyclic antidepressants, each inhibited the incorporation of [(14)C]riboflavin into [(14)C]FAD in liver, cerebrum, cerebellum, and heart. A variety of psychoactive drugs structurally unrelated to riboflavin were ineffective. Chlorpromazine, imipramine, and amitriptyline in vitro inhibited hepatic flavokinase, the first of two enzymes in the conversion of riboflavin to FAD. Evidence was obtained that chlorpromazine administration for a 3- or 7-wk period at doses comparable on a weight basis to those used clinically has significant effects upon riboflavin metabolism in the animal as a whole: (a) the activity coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase, an FAD-containing enzyme used as an index of riboflavin status physiologically, was elevated, a finding compatible with a deficiency state, (b) the urinary excretion of riboflavin was more than twice that of age- and sex-matched pair-fed control rats, and (c) after administration of chlorpromazine for a 7-wk period, tissue levels of flavin mononucleotide and FAD were significantly lower than those of pair-fed littermates, despite consumption of a diet estimated to contain 30 times the recommended dietary allowance. The present study suggests that certain psychotropic drugs interfere with riboflavin metabolism at least in part by inhibiting the conversion of riboflavin to its coenzyme derivatives, and that as a consequence of such inhibition, the overall utilization of the vitamin is impaired.
Medication and indication linkage: A practical therapy for the problem list? (2008)

Medications can be mapped by machine to a disease/ disorder using established terminology standards.This mapping may inform many knowledge management and decision support features in an EMR.
Unkonventionelle Gasressourcen unerwartet groß (2010)

Die nachgewiesenen konventionellen Erdgasreserven reichen aus, um die Erdgasproduktion des Jahres 2008 weitere 60 Jahre aufrechterhalten zu können. Die vermuteten Ressourcen sind deutlich größer. Neben den konventionellen können aber auch unkonventionelle Ressourcen (Shale Gas, Gas aus dichten Speichern, Kohleflözgas) genutzt werden. Aufgrund verbesserter Bohrtechniken und gestiegener Preise ist die Gewinnung von unkonventionellem Gas bereits heute wirtschaftlich möglich. Vorreiter sind dabei die USA. Auch in anderen Regionen (Asien, Europa) werden unkonventionelle Erdgasressourcen vermutet. Sollten diese wirtschaftlich nutzbar sein, könnte die Importabhängigkeit in Asien und in einigen Ländern Europas sinken. Erdgas könnte dadurch - auch wegen seiner Umweltvorteile - langfristig das Mineralöl als wichtigsten konventionellen Energieträger ablösen.
The Field Effect Mobility and the Current-Voltage Characteristics of Amorphous-Silicon Thin-Film Transistors (1991)

The current-voltage characteristics of a hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin-film transistor were investigated. The computed equation for the current-voltage characteristics that incorporated gate-voltage-dependent field effect mobility and drain-voltage-dependent effective gate length was in excellent agreement with the experimental data.
Torque Control by EMG Feedback in Normal and Stroke Subjects Performing Ankle Angle Tracking with a Rehabilitation Robot (2015)

The goal of this study was to investigate the eligibility of using surface electromyography (EMG) as a feedback signal for ankle torque control in both normal and stroke subjects performing ankle joint angle tracking with a rehabilitation robot. The potential advantage of using EMG as an estimator of active torque is direct facilitation of torque control of individual muscle. A fuzzy PD+I controller was implemented to control the robot. A static EMG-torque map was constructed at 5 ankle positions experimentally for each subject. The map was interpolated to estimate the active dorsiflexion torque exerted on the ankle from the EMG of tibialis anterior muscle. Both EMG and the output of the torque sensor were acquired and a weighting factor was used to adjust the relative contribution from these two signals for controlling the robot. Six normal subjects and seven stroke patients were recruited. The angle trajectory to be tracked was alternating ramps (3o/s) of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. The results showed that all the tested combinations of EMG and the torque sensor signal could be used as the feedback signal for torque control during angle tracking with the robot. The normal subjects had a better performance than the stroke patients and the tracking performance was better when only the signal from the torque sensor was used.
Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Alkyl Halides with Alkenyl Grignard Reagents (2007)

Cheap and safe: An iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between alkyl halides and alkenyl Grignard reagents is described. This CC bond coupling reaction is promoted by the cheap and nontoxic FeCl3 and displays good tolerance against various functional groups.