gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
General Synthetic Approach toward Geminal-Substituted Tetraarylethene Fluorophores with Tunable Emission Properties: X-ray Crystallography, Aggregation-Induced Emission and Piezofluorochromism (2014)

A general approach to the design and synthesis of a new series of geminal-substituted tetraarylethene (g-TAE) chromophores with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties has been developed via Corey–Fuchs reaction and subsequent Suzuki/Stille coupling reactions. To demonstrate the synthetic simplicity and versatility of this approach, fluorophores with diverse electronic characteristics have been synthesized. The validation of the geminal structure and bulky steric effect on the bond lengths and dihedral angles is further confirmed by the X-ray crystallography of three chromophores. With respect to single crystals of 2,2′-(2,2-diphenylethene-1,1-diyl)-dinaphthalene (DPDN2), 1,1′-(2,2-diphenylethene-1,1-diyl)-dinaphthalene (DPDN1), and 9,9′-(2,2-diphenylethene-1,1-diyl)dianthracene (DPDAn), intensive cofacial π–π stacking is absent in their molecular packing. The pseudopolymorphism of DPDAn crystals associated with different photoluminescence properties is investigated. In comparison to the solvent-free DPDAn crystal, the solvated DPDAn with embedded methanol or dichloromethane leads to some non-negligible conformational and packing alterations, which accounts for its distinct fluorescence properties. The AIE phenomena and optical properties of g-TAEs are probed with respect to steric and electronic effects. Along with their electrochemical characteristics and piezofluorochromism, our work has elucidated that this general approach can be utilized to develop a promising class of TAE materials for systematic investigations of its optoelectronic properties and crystal engineering.
Mechanistic Considerations for Enhancing Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Microchannels (2015)

Research efforts on flow boiling in microchannels were focused on stabilizing the flow during the early part of the last decade. After achieving that goal through inlet restrictors and distributed nucleation sites, the focus has now shifted on improving its performance for high heat flux dissipation. The recent worldwide efforts described in this paper are aimed at increasing the critical heat flux (CHF) and reducing the pressure drop, with an implicit goal of dissipating 1 kW/cm2 for meeting the high-end target in electronics cooling application. The underlying mechanisms in these studies are identified and critically evaluated for their potential in meeting the high heat flux dissipation goals. Future need to simultaneously increase the CHF and the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) has been identified and hierarchical integration of nanoscale and microscale technologies is deemed necessary for developing integrated pathways toward meeting this objective.
Extended Kalman Filter Estimator for NH<sub>3</sub> Storage, NO, NO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> Estimation in a SCR (2013)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper focuses on the development of an Extended Kalman Filter for estimating internal species concentration and storage states of an SCR using NO<sub>X</sub> and NH₃ sensors. The motivation for this work was twofold. First, knowledge of internal states may be useful for onboard diagnostic strategy development. In particular, significant errors between the outlet NO<sub>X</sub> or NH₃ sensors, reconstructed from estimated states, and the measured NO<sub>X</sub> or NH₃ concentrations may aid OBD strategies that attempt to identify particular system failure modes. Second, the EKF described estimates not only stored ammonia but also NO, NO₂ and NH₃ gas concentrations within and exiting the SCR. Exploiting knowledge of the individual species concentrations, instead of lumping them together as NO<sub>X</sub>, can yield improved closed loop urea controller performance in terms of reduced urea consumption and better NO<sub>X</sub> conversion.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The model used for EKF development was calibrated to transient engine data using a 2010 Cummins ISB engine with a production aftertreatment system consisting of a DOC, CPF and SCR. The EKF was then exercised for three different SCR outlets, sensor configurations: NO<sub>X</sub> only, NH₃ only and both NO<sub>X</sub> and NH₃. The EKF-estimated outlet NO, NO₂, and NH₃ concentrations were compared to measured experimental data using a mass spectrometer. Not surprisingly, the case where both NO<sub>X</sub> and NH₃ were measured at the SCR outlet and used as input to the EKF yielded the best results. The next best performance was achieved using only the NH₃ sensor. This was likely due to a better estimate of the NH₃ storage within the SCR and thus better estimates of the effect of the reactions. The results of the NO<sub>X</sub> sensor only case might be improved by using a better model of the NO<sub>X</sub> sensor.</div></div>
Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Styrylsulfonylmethyl 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles, Pyrazolyl/Isoxazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (2013)

A new class of mono and bis heterocycles-styrylsulfonylmethyl 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, pyrazolyl/isoxazolyl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles were prepared and studied their antioxidant activity. The compound methyl substituted 2-(p-methylphenylamino-sulfonylmethyl)-5-[Z-(p-methylstyrylsulfonylmethyl)]-1,3,4-oxadiazole displayed slightly higher antioxidant activity than the standard ascorbic acid.
A colorimetric receptor combined with a microcantilever sensor for explosive vapor detection (2011)

Substantial effort has been devoted to the synthesis of molecular receptors that can function as chemosensors for nitroaromatic explosives. In spite of several advantages, these receptors suffer from low sensitivity and difficulties translating the response into the gas phase. We have combined tetrathiafulvalene-functionalized calix[4]pyrrole, a colorimetric receptor, with a polyimide microcantilever, that includes a mechanical stress sensing element. The resulting system is capable of detecting 10 ppb trinitrobenzene vapor. This represents a 30-fold improvement relative to the receptor in halogenated solvents, suggesting that this approach can provide a solution to translating the chemical response of colorimetric chemosensors into practical devices.
Educación sobre sexualidad en círculos infantiles (1998)

Se evalúa la eficacia de un proyecto de educación sexual para niños asistentes a círculos infantiles, mediante un diseño cuasi-experimental. Se aplica un sistema de influencias educativas a un grupo estudio compuesto por preescolares del Círculo Infantil "Sonrisas Infantiles". Se evalúan los conocimientos iniciales y finales de éste y del grupo control perteneciente al Círculo Infantil "Sueños de Rosas", ambos del municipio Sancti Spíritus, pero de distintas áreas de salud. Se indica que la muestra total fue de 71 niños de ambos sexos; se realizan en total 22 actividades y se elabora una batería de 10 pruebas para medir de forma cualitativa los conocimientos de los preescolares sobre: conocimientos del propio cuerpo, identificación sexual y reproducción. Se demuestra la eficacia del proyecto por la diferencia significativa en las proporciones de respuestas correctas del grupo experimental con respecto al grupo control al final del experimento<br>SUMMARY: The effectiveness of a quasi-experimental design-based sex educational program for day-care center children is evaluated. An educational influence system is applied to an experimental group comprised of "Sonrisas Infantiles" day-care center pre-school children. The initial and final knowledge of the above-mentioned group and the control group from "Sueños de Rosa" day care center are assessed. Both day care centers are located in Sancti Spiritus municipality but in different health areas. The total sample covered 71 children of both sexes, 22 activities were carried out and a set of 10 tests for qualitatively measuring the pre-school children's knowledge on human body, sexual identification and reproduction was prepared. The project effectiveness is proved by the significant differences in correct answers between the experimental group and the control group at the end of the experiment
Design of Bandgap Core and Startup Circuits for All CMOS Bandgap Voltage Reference (2012)

This paper proposes a new self-biased op-amp’s startup circuit design and improved bandgap core circuit for all CMOS bandgap voltage reference (BGR). In a conventional BGR circuit, the startup circuit may be designed either be required an external power on reset signal (POR) or composed of several MOS transistors for generating bias current and the bandgap core circuits has two nodes that are controlled currents and voltages by resistors of the same value. The new startup circuit presented here is designed by using only one NMOS transistor with circuit solutions suitable for low supply-voltage operation and achieved the correct bias point stability at the power on and the bandgap core circuit is defined the currents and voltages only one node which can be controlled by input voltages definition of op-amp are equalized for reducing the number of resistor. The simulation results indicate reference voltage of about 500.2 mV, temperature coefficient(TC) of 5ppm/°C, which can be successfully operated with a minimum power supply of 1.2V at a temperature of 0-100°C and a total power dissipation of 10.7 W at room temperature. Streszczenie. W artykule zaproponowano nowe mozliwości projektowania CMOS pasmowych wzorcow napiecia. W obwodach konwencjonalnych wymaga ne jest uzycie zewnetrznego sygnalu resetu albo uzycie kilku tranzystorow MOS generujących prąd polaryzacji. W nowej koncepcji wykorzystywane są tylko tranzystory NMOS co umozliwia prace przy niskim napieciu zasilającym. (Projektowanie pasmowego rdzenia i obwodu startowego pasmowych źrodel napiecia referencyjnego)
Flavonoids apigenin and quercetin inhibit melanoma growth and metastatic potential (2000)

Flavonoids are a class of polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in the plant kingdom, which display a variety of biological activities, including chemoprevention and tumor growth inhibition. Our aim was to investigate the effects of several polyphenols on the growth and metastatic potential of B16-BL6 melanoma cells in vivo. Intraperitoneal administration of quercetin, apigenin, (-)-epigallocathechin-3-gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, and the anti-estrogen tamoxifen, at the time of i.m. injection of B16-BL6 cells into syngeneic mice, resulted in a significant, dose-dependent delay of tumor growth, without toxicity. The relative descending order of potency was EGCG > apigenin = quercetin = tamoxifen > resveratrol > control. Furthermore, polyphenols significantly potentiated the inhibitory effect of a non-toxic dose of cisplatin. When tested for the ability to inhibit lung colonization, quercetin, apigenin, and tamoxifen (but not EGCG or resveratrol) significantly decreased the number of B16-BL6 colonies in the lungs in a dose-dependent manner, with quercetin and apigenin being more effective than tamoxifen. Interestingly, quercetin, apigenin, and tamoxifen (but not EGCG or resveratrol) significantly decreased the invasion of B16-BL6 cells in vitro, with quercetin and apigenin being more effective than tamoxifen. This suggests that anti-invasive activity is one of the mechanisms underlying inhibition of lung colonization by quercetin and apigenin. In conclusion, quercetin and apigenin inhibit melanoma growth and invasive and metastatic potential; therefore, they may constitute a valuable tool in the combination therapy of metastatic melanoma.
Analysis of multi-component ducted propulsors in unsteady flow (1993)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 1993.
<sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR assignments for lanostan‐3β‐ol derivatives: Revised assignments for lanosterol (1989)

Abstract 1 H and 13 C NMR assignments are presented for 30 oxygenated lanostane derivatives, including lanosterol, dihy‐drolanosterol, 7‐ketolanosterol, agnosterol, 24,25‐epoxylanosterol, 8α,9α‐epoxylanostan‐3β‐ol, three 15‐oxygenated derivatives of lanost‐7‐en‐3β‐ol, lanostane‐3β,7α‐diol, lanostane‐3β,9α‐diol and their acetates. These assignments, which were largely determined by a combination of DEPT, one‐boad and long‐range 13 C 1 H chemical shift correlation and lanthanide‐induced shift experiments, are not dependent on previously reported assignments, several of which were found to be incorrect. 1 H and 13 C acetylation shifts for lanostan‐3β‐ols were sufficiently invariant among the sterols studied that they were useful for assigning carbons in rings A and B. The acetylation shifts reported for lanostan‐3β‐ols were extended and partially revised.
Three-dimensional Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Framework Coated with Cu-BTC Metal-organic Frameworks for the Removal of Methylene Blue (2014)

Three-dimensional (3D) printing was applied for the fabrication of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) framework. Functionalization of the ABS framework was then performed by coating of porous Cu-BTC (BTC = benzene tricarboxylic acid) metal-organic frameworks on it using a step-by-step in-situ growth. The size of the Cu-BTC particles on ABS was ranged from 200 nm to 900 nm. The Cu-BTC/ABS framework can take up most of the space of the tubular reactor that makes the adsorption effective with no need of stirring. Methylene blue (MB) can be readily removed from aqueous solution by this Cu-BTC/ABS framework. The MB removal efficiency for solutions with concentrations of 10 and 5 mg/L was 93.3% and 98.3%, respectively, within 10 min. After MB adsorption, the Cu-BTC/ABS composite can easily be recovered without the need for centrifugation or filtration and the composite is reusable. In addition the ABS framework can be recovered for subsequent reuse. A significant advantage of 3D-printed frameworks is that different frameworks can be easily fabricated to meet the needs of different applications. This is a promising strategy to synthesize new frameworks using MOFs and polymers to develop materials for applications beyond adsorption.
Conoscopic holograms analysis using variations of the Hough transform (2009)

Abstract The analysis of holograms obtained using a Conoscopic setup is a very complex subject, given their nature. Holograms contain the 3D depth information about an object whose surface is to be measured and later reconstructed. The recovery of depth information has so far been carried out using mathematical transforms in combination with linear regression techniques. Here the Hough transform, a useful Computer Vision technique for detecting features in images is adapted to the analysis of holograms in order to establish distance relationships for a given object. The captured images of holograms are pre‐processed and subsequently analyzed for characteristic patterns that are later used in finding the distance to an object. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 10–13, 2009
A New Approach to the Design of High Dynamic Range Tunable Active Inductors (2008)

In this paper a new method for the design of tunable grounded active inductors with high dynamic range is described. The tuning technique is based on the use of a passive tunable compensating network in combination with a highly linear non-tunable capacitance gyrator. The circuit has high linearity with moderate noise figure, resulting in a high dynamic range. A prototype of an active inductor is presented, together with its application in a simple tunable bandpass filter, demonstrating the performances of the active inductor. The filter has a centre frequency tunable from 880MHz to 1100MHz, a bandpass of approximately 20 MHz, a 17dB noise figure and a 1dB gain compression point between 5dBm and 8dBm. The resulting dynamic range in the given bandpass is 90 dB, allowing its use for example as an IF filter for high dynamic range applications.
Evolutionary analysis on online social networks using a social evolutionary game (2014)

In this paper, we propose a social evolutionary game to investigate the evolution of social networks. Through comparison between simulation and empirical analysis on the social networks of Twitter and Sina Weibo, we validate the effectiveness of the proposed model and estimate the evolutionary phases of the two networks. We find that the users of Sina Weibo can withstand comparatively more costs than the users of Twitter. Therefore, they can perform more positive behavior and consider more about their reputation than Twitter users. Moreover, the evolutionary time of Sina Weibo to a stable state is longer than that of Twitter.
The antiseptic properties of the amino derivatives of styryl and anil quinoline (1926)

Abstract Previous communications have dealt with the antiseptic properties of compounds of the pyridine, quinoline, acridine and phenazine series, and also of the apocyanine, carbocyanine, and isocyanine groups, the object being to investigate relationships between chemical constitution and antiseptic properties. The following work comprises the preparation and examination of a large number of styryl and anil quinoline compounds, considerable variations in chemical structure being involved. The authors have previously drawn attention* to the possible influence of a particular chemical grouping consisting of a chain of alternate double linkages joining two nitrogen atoms, one being basic and trivalent, and the other the pentavalent nitrogen of a quaternary ammonium group. This arrangement is present in acriflavine (2.7 diamino acridine methochloride), and also in the cyanines, in all of which the antiseptic action is not diminished by the presence of serum. As shown by the graphic formulæ, the styryl compounds also include a similar system, whereas in the anils an additional nitrogen atom is interposed in the connecting chain in place of a —CH= group. This system will be subsequently described as the “ alternate linkage system.”
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>associated gastric intestinal metaplasia: Treatment and surveillance (2016)

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related death in the world, particularly in East Asia. According to the Correa's cancer cascade, non-cardia GC is usually developed through a series of mucosal changes from non-atrophic gastritis to atrophic gastritis (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Atrophic gastritis and IM are therefore generally considered to be pre-neoplastic gastric lesions. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is an important initiating and promoting step of this gastric carcinogenesis cascade. Emerging long-term data showed that eradication of H. pylori reduced the risk of subsequent cancer development. It however remains confusing whether eradication of the bacterium in individuals with pre-neoplastic gastric lesions could regress these changes as well as in preventing cancer. Whilst H. pylori eradication could likely regress AG, the presence of IM may be a point of no return in this cascade. Hence, surveillance by endoscopy may be indicated in those with extensive IM or those with incomplete IM, particularly in populations with high GC risk. The optimal interval and the best tool of surveillance endoscopy remains to be determined in future studies.
Accuracy of some algorithms to determine the oscillometric mean arterial pressure (2012)

The maximum amplitude algorithm has a relatively low accuracy for the estimation of the mean arterial pressure. Its error range is even larger than that of estimates calculated by the 33 or 40% formulas from the oscillometrically measured systolic and diastolic blood pressures. A considerably higher accuracy can be achieved by applying the oscillation shape-based algorithms.
Online Arabic handwritten character recognition using online-offline feature extraction and back-propagation neural network (2014)

The main theme of this paper is performing online handwriting recognition for Arabic character using back propagation neural network and it experiments the performance of it using online features of characters as input to the BPNN in comparison with combining online and offline character features as the input. That's done through the following stages : online data acquisition, online & offline preprocessing, online & offline feature extraction (directional & geometric features), classification using back propagation neural network to classify the character to one of 15 character classes and finally, delayed strokes handling using logic programming to recognize the character according to the character class and its delayed strokes accounts and positions.
Herbicidal Activity of Carbamoylimidazoles with Steric Hindrance (1988)

ある種のアゾール化合物が, 植物成長調節作用を示すことに着目し, 1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロキノリン, 1,2-ジヒドロキノリン, ベンゾモルホリンおよび1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロ-2-キノキサリノンから導かれる種々のカルバモイルイミダゾールを合成し, タイヌビエに対する除草活性を調べた. 本系統化合物においては, 置換基が, 除草活性発現に重要であり, とくに, カルバモイルイミダゾール結合部位で込み入った構造となっている時に, 除草活性が強化されることが判明した. 試験化合物中, 良好な除草活性を示したN-(2,2-ジメチル-6-クロロ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロキノリン) カルボニルイミダゾールは, タイヌビエのみならず, 広葉雑草, マツバイ, ホタルイにも除草活性を示し, 広スペクトル除草剤としての可能性が示唆された.
Assisted conception. II—In vitro fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (2003)

In vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are two of the main types of assisted conception that take place in the laboratory. This article covers these two techniques in detail and looks at their safety and success.



Fertilisation: (left) each egg is surrounded by a complex of cumulus cells (purple) that the sperm need to disperse to reach the zona pellucida, the protective outer coating of the egg; (middle) capacitated sperm first bind to the zona pellucida (1) and release enzymes from the acrosome (2), which digest a pathway through the zona pellucida (3); (right) the sperm is able to fuse with the plasma membrane of the egg and becomes incorporated within the egg



In IVF, oocytes (obtained surgically from ovarian follicles in superovulated cycles) and prepared sperm are brought together in a dish in the laboratory. Fertilisation takes place outside the body (in vitro = in glass). Cleavage stage embryos derived from these fertilised oocytes are placed in the uterus (embryo transfer) for pregnancy to occur.

View this table:

Indications for IVF



### The process

#### Superovulation

Patients receive superovulation treatment with gonadotrophins, usually preceded by pituitary suppression with gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogues (see last week's article). A careful balance is needed to maximise safely the number of oocytes retrieved. Ideally, there should be a choice of embryos for transfer, and some embryos should be available for cryopreservation. However, the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome also needs to be minimised. Ultrasonography of the ovaries and in some cases monitoring the rise in plasma estradiol concentration are used to check the effect of superovulation. Administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin is scheduled when the leading follicles are≥18 mm in diameter, and given 34-38 hours before planned egg retrieval. About 10% of cycles are cancelled before the planned egg collection because the response to superovulation is excessive and …
Modeling developable surfaces from arbitrary boundary curves (2011)

Developable surfaces are surfaces that can be unfolded into the plane with no distortion. Although ubiquitous in our everyday surroundings, there is currently no easy way to model them on a computer. This thesis fills this void by presenting a general method for creating developable geometry that utilizes the connection between developable surfaces and the convex hulls of their boundaries. Given an arbitrary, user-specified 3D polyline boundary, our system generates a smooth discrete developable surface that interpolates this boundary. We identify desirable properties of such surfaces, present a practical algorithm to compute them, and extend it to handle.darts and internal singular points. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through a series of examples, from architectural design to garments, using a sketch-based interface to quickly create the boundaries.