gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precomputing possible configuration error diagnoses (2011)

Complex software packages, particularly systems software, often require substantial customization before being used. Small mistakes in configuration can lead to hard-todiagnose error messages. We demonstrate how to build a map from each program point to the options that might cause an error at that point. This can aid users in troubleshooting these errors without any need to install or use additional tools. Our approach relies on static dataflow analysis, meaning all the analysis is done in advance. We evaluate our work in detail on two substantial systems, Hadoop and the JChord program analysis toolkit, using failure injection and also by using log messages as a source of labeled program points. When logs and stack traces are available, they can be incorporated into the analysis. This reduces the number of false positives by nearly a factor of four for Hadoop, at the cost of approximately one minute's work per unique query.
Pulse wave imaging of human abdominal aortas in vivo (2008)

Vascular diseases (e.g., abdominal aortic aneurysm or, AAA) lead to changes in the regional aortic wall mechanical properties. Pulse-Wave Imaging (PWI) was previously developed by our group to map the pulse-wave propagation along the abdominal aorta of mice in vivo. In this study, the feasibility of PWI with real-time scanning is shown in human abdominal aortas in vivo. The abdominal aortas of five normal subjects and one AAA subject were scanned. A Sonix RP system (Ultrasonix Medical Corp., Burnaby, Canada) was employed with a phased array at 3.3 MHz. The beam density of the 2-D echograms was reduced to 32 beams in order to obtain a high frame rate of 180–260 Hz. The real-time scanning reduces the artifacts from respiration and transducer motion. The velocities of the aortic wall were estimated using RF-based speckle tracking. The sequences of PWI images visually depicted the propagation of the pulse wave along the aortic wall. The regional pulse-wave velocity (PWV) was measured and used to estimate the Young's modulus of the aortic wall. In healthy volunteers (n=5), the propagation was relatively uniform, with a correlation coefficient of 0.97 ± 0.01 and a PWV of 3.73 ± 0.19 m/s. The Young's modulus of the aortic wall was 79 ± 10 kPa. In the aneurysmal aorta, the propagation of the pulse wave was relatively nonuniform with lower correlation coefficients (r=0.65). The PWV and Young's modulus of the aneurysmal aorta were both found to be higher than in the normal case. The PWI technique was successfully implemented in both normal and aneurysmal human abdominal aortas and shown to provide regional information on the mechanical properties of the aortic wall in vivo.
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of naltrexone in plasma of hemodialysis patients (2000)

A simple, sensitive, selective and reliable reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with UV detection is described for the determination of naltrexone in plasma samples. Naltrexone and the internal standard, naloxone, were isolated from plasma either with a liquid-liquid extraction method using ethyl acetate or with a solid-phase extraction method using Sep-Pack C18 cartridge before chromatography. The extracts were dried under a stream of nitrogen and the samples were reconstituted in the mobile phase, then 20 microL were injected on a Waters Symmetry C18 column (5 microm particle size, 4.6 x 150 mm). The mobile phase consisted of 0.06% triethylamine (pH 2.8)-acetonitrile (92:8, v/v) pumped at 1 mL/min. The peak-area ratio versus plasma concentration was linear over the range of 10-500 ng/mL and the detection limit was less than 8 ng/mL. Quantification was by ultra-violet detection at 204 nm. The present method was applied to the determination of the plasma concentration of naltrexone in dialyzed patients. Patients (n = 8) with severe generalized pruritus received 50 mg of naltrexone orally per day for 2 weeks. The variability in the therapeutic response in treated patients required plasma concentration investigations of this opioid antagonist.
A CMOS self-calibrating frequency synthesizer (2000)

A programmable phase-locked-loop (PLL)-based frequency synthesizer, capable of automatically adjusting the nominal center frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) to an optimum value is described. In fully integrated PLLs, the VCO output frequency should be tunable over a wide range of frequencies, covering the desired range of the synthesizer output frequencies, for all processing variations and operating conditions. A wide tuning range realized by making the VCO gain K/sub o/ large has the unwanted effect of increasing the phase noise at the output of the VCO, and hence the PLL as well. In this work, the wide tuning range is realized by digital control, with process variability managed through self-calibration. The PLL is only required to pull the oscillator output frequency to account for the digital quantization, temperature variations, and some margin. This allows the K/sub o/ to be small, with better noise performance resulting. The prototype self-calibrating frequency synthesizer, capable of operating from 80 MHz to 1 GHz, demonstrates a measured absolute jitter of 20-ps rms at 480-MHz operating frequency. The prototype IC is fabricated in a 0.35-/spl mu/m 3-V digital CMOS process.
Integrated Carbon Nanotube Array as Dry Adhesive for High‐Temperature Silicon Processing (2011)

CNT arrays are used as removable dry adhesives for high-temperature processes with temperatures that increase by as much as 900 °C. The adhesion force between the self-assembled CNTs is utilized to strain the microstructures in high-temperature environments. Arrays of analog micromirrors are successfully fabricated by silicon processing. The proposed method significantly simplifies the fabrication process. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Theoretical analysis on performance of digital speckle pattern: uniqueness, accuracy, precision, and spatial resolution (2019)

The performance of digital image correlation is closely associated with the quality of speckle pattern. In this paper, the performance of digital speckle pattern is analyzed theoretically concerning four critical factors: uniqueness, accuracy, precision, and spatial resolution. Pattern uniqueness could be characterized by secondary autocorrelation peak height; based on a theoretical analysis on autocorrelation function of digital speckle pattern, analytical formulas are derived to estimate the secondary autocorrelation peak height. Measurement accuracy and precision are descriptions of systematic error and random error respectively; by deriving analytical expression for power spectrum of digital speckle pattern, theoretical models are built for analyzing both systematic errors and random errors. Spatial resolution characterizes the ability of a given technique to distinguish close features; empirical formulas are presented to describe the dependence of spatial resolution upon subset size and shape function order; besides, a rudimentary model is proposed, which provides conservative estimates for spatial resolution. Considering all these four factors, we make recommendations for selection of generation parameters of digital speckle pattern, which can eventually improve the measurement performance of digital image correlation technique.
CReam: A Smart Contract Enabled Collusion-Resistant e-Auction (2018)

Auction is an effective way to allocate goods or services to bidders who value them the most. The rapid growth of e-auctions facilitates online transactions but poses new and distinctive challenges. It is difficult to establish trust among sellers, buyers, and auctioneers without centralized auction websites or platforms (the auctioneer) which collect bids and derive the auction results. However, these third parties may be untrustworthy, and malicious sellers or buyers may refuse to deliver the goods or payment according to the protocol. Moreover, the open and anonymous online environment may stimulate auction participants to form collusion coalitions to rig the auction and reap unfair profit. Many auction designs have been proposed to address these concerns, but they fall short of simultaneously achieving decentralization (i.e., held without a trusted third utility), strong consensus (i.e., the establishment of trust), collusion resistance, and practical implementation. We present CReam, the first decentralized collusion-resistant e-auction system that is implemented with smart contract on the blockchain. With the carefully designed smart auction contract, mutually distrustful and rational sellers and buyers are stimulated to operate properly, hence transact safely without trusted third parties. The auction mechanism in the smart contract can effectively prevent bidder collusion and realize economic robustness, i.e., truthfulness. We implement a fully functional CReam on the Ethereum network. Extensive experimental results confirm that CReam can greatly reduce the probability of collusion and achieve an approximate optimal revenue at a low cost of contract execution.
Solutions for Underwater Communication and Positioning Network Development (2019)

The paper addresses the main problems related to the development of underwater communication networks which differ from the traditional underwater acoustic communication in simultaneous data exchange of a large number of spatially separated nodes, as well as their high-precision positioning. While the problems of traditional acoustic communication are generally associated with the complexity and variability of hydro-acoustic medium for signal propagation, the underwater communication network faces a number of additional significant problems such as collisions in the network, occurring during simultaneous transmission of messages from several nodes and requiring special managerial and engineering measures for their resolution; another problem is complex configuration of the alternating zones of mutual connectivity (“audibility”) of nodes, caused by specific features of underwater acoustic environment and requiring the nontrivial routing of data flows from source to recipient. It is demonstrated in the paper that these problems can be solved by developing the techniques of communication signals generation and transmission, which then form the protocols of nodes’ interaction during exchange of messages, and are implemented in digital acoustic modems that have ultimately developed into complex electronic devices.
The Potato in the Human Diet (1987)

Since the latter half of the twentieth century, the rate of increase in potato production in developing countries has outpaced growth rates of most other major food crops. When this book was first published in 1987, the potato was being produced in 132 of the 167 independent countries of the world and more than three billion people, 75 per cent of the world's population at the time, inhabited the 95 developing countries that produced potatoes. As potato cultivation continues to expand at a rapid pace, particularly in the tropics, more attention has been directed towards understanding and improving the nutritional contribution potatoes can make to the human diet. The book reviews the knowledge about the nutritional value of the potato and its role in the nutrition of both children and adults. The synthesis presented in this volume will be of value to students and research workers in nutrition and food science in both developed and developing countries. Dieticians, nutritionists, policy makers and aid personnel involved in agricultural and rural development will also find this book informative and of practical use.
An ECL compatible full CMOS 210 Mbps crosspoint switch (1989)

A 16×8 nonblocking crosspoint switch with ECL (emitter-coupled logic)-compatible input/output buffers using full CMOS technology is described. For high-speed operation above 150 Mb/s, the authors designed two ECL-CMOS translator cells for the external interfaces. One is an input buffer cell with ECL-to-CMOS level conversion, and the other is an output cell with CMOS-to-ECL level conversion. The circuit is designed with a 1.0-μm twin-tub CMOS and two-level metal process and is ECL-compatible. The power supply (VEE) is -5.2 V
The Role of Hypoxia in Stem Cell Potency and Differentiation (2013)

Regenerative medicine relies on harnessing the capacity of stem cells to grow, divide and differentiate safely and predictably. This may be in the context of expanding stem cells in vitro or encouraging their expansion, mobilization and capacity to regenerate tissues either locally or remotely in vivo. In either case, understanding the stem cell niche is fundamental to recapitulating or manipulating conditions to enable therapy. It has become obvious that hypoxia plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of the stem cell niche. Low O2 benefits the self-renewal of human embryonic, hematopoietic, mesenchymal and neural stem cells, as well as improving the efficiency of genetic reprogramming to induced pluripotency. There is emerging evidence that harnessing or manipulating the hypoxic response can result in safer, more efficacious methodologies for regenerative medicine.
Do mycoplasmas cause human cancer? (2001)

A linkage between mycoplasmas and malignancy was mainly proposed in the 1960s when human-associated mycoplasmas were becoming of interest given the novel characterization of the human respiratory pathogen Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Associations with leukemia and other malignancies, however, were largely ascribed to tissue-culture contamination, which is now recognized as a significant potential problem in molecular biology circles. A few epidemiological studies, however, continue to raise concern over such a linkage. As well, in vitro data have demonstrated the potential for some mycoplasmas to induce karyotypic changes and malignant transformation during chronic tissue-culture infestation. As cellular and molecular mechanisms for such transformation become studied, a resurgence of interest in this area is inevitable. A role for mycoplasmas in malignancy of any sort is conjectural, but there remains a need to continue with focussed epidemiological and laboratory investigations.Key words: mycoplasma, cancer, oncogenesis, leukemia.
Atomic-Scale Observation of Multiconformational Binding and Energy Level Alignment of Ruthenium-Based Photosensitizers on TiO<sub>2</sub>Anatase (2014)

Dye-sensitized solar cells constitute a promising approach to sustainable and low-cost solar energy conversion. Their overall efficiency crucially depends on the effective coupling of the photosensitizers to the photoelectrode and the details of the dye's energy levels at the interface. Despite great efforts, the specific binding of prototypical ruthenium-based dyes to TiO2, their potential supramolecular interaction, and the interrelation between adsorption geometry and electron injection efficiency lack experimental evidence. Here we demonstrate multiconformational adsorption and energy level alignment of single N3 dyes on TiO2 anatase (101) revealed by scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy. The distinctly bound molecules show significant variations of their excited state levels associated with different driving forces for photoelectron injection. These findings emphasize the critical role of the interfacial coupling and suggest that further designs of dye-sensitized solar cells should target a higher selectivity in the dye-substrate binding conformations in order to ensure efficient electron injection from all photosensitizers.
Cloning of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Gene from a Cyanobacterium, Anacystis nidulans, in Escherichia coli1 (1985)

The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene (ppc) from Anacystis nidulans, a cyanobacterium (blue-green alga), was cloned in Escherichia coli. Chromosomal DNA of A. nidulans was partially digested with Sau3AI, and the obtained DNA fragments were ligated in the BamHI site of pBR322. The hybrid plasmids were first transformed into E. coli K802 (hsdR-, hsdM+) to obtain the gene bank of A. nidulans. The bank consisted of about 12,000 clones. These hybrid plasmids were then transformed into E. coli PCR1 (ppc2-, recA1-, hsdR+, hsdM+), and the transformants were selected by complementation of the ppc mutation (phenotype of glutamate requirement). In the cell-free extracts of E. coli strains having the cloned ppc gene, PEPCase activities were detected, but their properties were different from those of the E. coli enzyme. Analysis by subcloning showed that the ppc gene was included in a DNA fragment 3,500 base pairs long and the maxicell method revealed that the molecular weight of the gene product was about 108,000. It is suggested that the ppc gene is expressed in E. coli mainly by read-through transcription, being initiated by the promoter of tetracycline-resistance gene of pBR322, but the significant expression in reversed orientation of the cloned ppc gene indicates that the gene includes a promoter capable of functioning in E. coli cells.
Philosophy (2018)

This chapter suggests that what nearly all professional philosophers at reputable universities in the U.K., the U.S.A., Commonwealth countries and some others mean by 'philosophy'. The student that can genuinely and greatly profit by reading lengthy books or writing theses knows quite a bit of philosophy already: it is the earlier stage of initiating him into the skill that is both difficult and important. Teachers of philosophy will be aware that there is often a 'transference situation', as the author believes some psychoanalysts describe it, between pupil and teacher: that is, the personal feelings become important. Doctrinaire views about 'starting where the student is' or 'making philosophy relevant to his real-life concerns' are of no help; of course philosophy is not a game and is relevant — the question is how to make its relevance understood. Philosophy has for too long been regarded as the preserve of intellectuals, suitable only for 'advanced' or 'able students.
Preparation of pH-Sensitive Poly(glycidol) Derivatives with Varying Hydrophobicities: Their Ability to Sensitize Stable Liposomes to pH (2008)

We have previously shown that modification with succinylated poly(glycidol) (SucPG) provides stable egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC) liposomes with pH-sensitive fusogenic property. Toward production of efficient pH-sensitive liposomes, in this study, we newly prepared three carboxylated poly(glycidol) derivatives with varying hydrophobicities by reacting poly(glycidol) with glutaric anhydride, 3-methylglutaric anhydride, and 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, respectively, designated as GluPG, MGluPG, and CHexPG. Correlation between side-chain structures of these polymers and their respective abilities to sensitize stable liposomes to pH was investigated. These polymers are soluble in water at neutral pH but became water-insoluble in weakly acidic conditions. The pH at which the polymer precipitated was higher in the order SucPG < GluPG < MGluPG < CHexPG, which is consistent with the number of carbon atoms of these polymers' side chains. Although CHexPG destabilized EYPC liposomes even at neutral pH, attachment of other polymers provided pH-sensitive properties to the liposomes. The liposomes bearing polymers with higher hydrophobicity exhibited more intense responses, such as content release and membrane fusion, at mildly acidic pH and achieved more efficient cytoplasmic delivery of membrane-impermeable dye molecules. As a result, modification with appropriate hydrophobicity, MGluPG, produced highly potent pH-sensitive liposomes, which might be useful for efficient cytoplasmic delivery of bioactive molecules, such as proteins and genes.
Capping Carbon Chains With Metals Gives 'Molecular Wires' And More (1996)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCapping Carbon Chains With Metals Gives 'Molecular Wires' And More▪ Metal complexes having chains of up to 20 carbon atoms provide entry into new materials, electrontransport studiesRON DAGANIView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1996, 74, 4, 22–24Publication Date (Print):January 22, 1996Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 22 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v074n004.p022https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v074n004.p022newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Carbon,Chemical structure,Elements,Metals,Molecular engineering Get e-Alerts
18-Atom-Ringed Macrocyclic Tetra-imidazoliums for Preparation of Monomeric Tetra-carbene Complexes (2010)

18-Atom-ringed macrocyclic tetra-imidazolium ligands have been synthesized by a two-step procedure and are the smallest free tetra-imidazoliums to date. The structures of the tetra-imidazoliums were characterized by multinuclear NMR and high-resolution ESI/MS to distinguish them from the potential di-imidazolium species. These tetra-imidazolium ligands form monomeric tetra-carbene complexes of platinum through in situ deprotonation.
Condylar position control during maxillary surgery: the condylar positioning appliance and three-dimensional double splint method. (1990)

A new method for positioning the maxilla and condyle after Le Fort I osteotomy maintains the patient's vertical dimension (ie, the relation of the mandible to the skull above the osteotomy plane) in the preoperative and postoperative positions during both cast surgery and actual surgery. During surgery the condylar positioning appliance is fixed to the anterolateral zygoma and the lateral cortex of the mandibular ramus bilaterally to orient the mandible in centric relation. The condylar positioning appliance is used with the three-dimensional double splint method. Two prefabricated splints enable three-dimensional positioning of the maxilla in the fixed mandibular position during surgery. Postoperatively, the mandible can be rotated into the new centric occlusion.