gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF CURING INGREDIENTS AND STORAGE TIME ON THE QUALITY OF PREBLENDED SAUSAGE MEATS AND FRANKFURTERS (1974)

ABSTRACTS Meats were refrigerated up to 4 days with different salt levels, with and without sodium nitrite and sodium isoascorbate. Franks manufactured from these meats were evaluated during shelf life. Taste testing indicated that frankfurter desirability decreased with meat storage. Salt at 1.5% was effective in inhibiting bacterial growth and caused less rancidification than 3% salt. Franks prepared from meats containing salt and cure remained satisfactory. Cured pigment conversion and residual nitrite levels in finished products were marginally reduced by preblending compared with conventionally prepared product. Sodium isoascorbate addition reduced residual nitrite. Frankfurter stability, measured by weight change during water cooking, was not affected by preblending meats with salt.
Rapid photo-deposition of silicon dioxide filmsusing 172 nm VUV light (1994)

A new method is presented for the rapid direct photo-deposition of silicon dioxide using silane and oxygen mixtures and 172 nm radiation generated from a xenon excimer lamp. The growth rates obtained reach 500 Å/min at 300°C, some 200% faster than previously achieved using either low temperature CVD or traditional optical sources.
Internal and External Statistical Needs of American Business (1918)

(1918). Internal and External Statistical Needs of American Business. Quarterly Publications of the American Statistical Association: Vol. 16, No. 122, pp. 1-15.
Emission Spectra of Core Excited Even-Parity<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>States of Neutral Lithium (1980)

Doubly excited even-parity 1snpmp $^{2}P$ states of neutral Li are metastable against auto-ionization and have large radiative yields. An emission spectrum from 160 \AA{} to 250 \AA{} of a high-power-microwave-heated Li plasma is reported. The spectrum, which differs substantially from that obtained in absorption, exhibits several new series as well as the phenomena of radiative autoionization.
Outer Membrane Permeability Barrier in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Mutants That Are Defective in the Late Acyltransferases of Lipid A Biosynthesis (1999)

The tight packing of six fatty acids in the lipid A constituent of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been proposed to contribute to the unusually low permeability of the outer membrane of gram-negative enteric bacteria to hydrophobic antibiotics. Here it is shown that the Escherichia coli msbB mutant, which elaborates defective, penta-acylated lipid A, is practically as resistant to a representative set of hydrophobic solutes (rifampin, fusidic acid, erythromycin, clindamycin, and azithromycin) as the parent-type control strain. The susceptibility index, i.e., the approximate ratio between the MIC for the msbB mutant and that for the parent-type control, was maximally 2.7-fold. In comparison, the rfa mutant defective in the deep core oligosaccharide part of LPS displayed indices ranging from 20 to 64. The lpxA and lpxD lipid A mutants had indices higher than 512. Furthermore, the msbB mutant was resistant to glycopeptides (vancomycin, teicoplanin), whereas the rfa, lpxA, and lpxD mutants were susceptible. The msbB htrB double mutant, which elaborates even-more-defective, partially tetra-acylated lipid A, was still less susceptible than the rfa mutant. These findings indicate that hexa-acylated lipid A is not a prerequisite for the normal function of the outer membrane permeability barrier.
Deformation of blanketed and patterned bilayer thin-film microstructures during post-release and cyclic thermal loading (2003)

We study, both experimentally and theoretically, the deformation of blanketed and patterned bilayer thin film microstructures subjected to temperature cycles from room temperature to elevated temperatures following processing by surface micromachining and release from the substrate. While the theoretical treatment is general, the experimental component focuses on beam-like microstructures consisting of a 0.5 /spl mu/m thick gold film on a polysilicon film that is either 1.5 /spl mu/m or 3.5 /spl mu/m thick. For all microstructures the underlying polysilicon film is the same size, but the gold film is patterned into a line that runs the length of the beam. Its width is varied from 0 to 100% of the width of the polysilicon. We experimentally characterize the deformation by measuring the full-field deflection of the gold/polysilicon bilayer beams as a function of temperature using a white-light interferometric microscope. From the deflection, the curvature is determined, and we report the evolution of curvature with the temperature cycling. Qualitatively the behavior is the same regardless of the linewidth. The quantitative differences can be described by a simple model incorporating an inelastic temperature-driven mechanism in addition to linear thermoelastic behavior. We show experimentally and/or analytically, how the parameters in the model vary with linewidth. The results are discussed in the context of the current understanding of microstructural evolution in thin-film metals, and in relation to anticipated thermoelastic response. We show that via a suitable thermal process, the thin film material microstructure can apparently be stabilized over a prescribed temperature range, rendering the subsequent deformation linear thermoelastic. We discuss the implications of these findings in the context of the design and fabrication of high-yield, dimensionally stable MEMS devices utilizing bilayer material systems. Although our measurements are focused on gold/polysilicon bilayer films, the concepts and associated analysis are applicable to other bilayer film systems, particularly ones with metals, although there will surely be quantitative differences.
Halide Effects in Transition Metal Catalysis (2002)

Among the most common ligands found on transition metal catalysts are halide ions. Of the commercially available catalysts or pre-catalysts, most are halo-metal complexes. In recent years, manipulation of this metal-halide functionality has revealed that this can be used as a highly valuable method of tuning the reactivity of the complex. Variation of the halide ligand will usually not alter the nature of the system to the extent that it becomes unreactive but will impart sufficiently large changes that differences in reactivity or selectivity occur. These differences are a product of the steric and electronic properties of the halide ligand which has the ability to donate electron density to the metal occurs in a predictable manner. Despite the common perception in asymmetric catalysis that halide ligands are of secondary importance compared to chiral ligands, halide ligands have been found to exert dramatic effects on the enantioselectivity of asymmetric transformations. While the mechanism of action is known for relatively few of the cases, many intriguing and potentially synthetically useful trends are apparent. This review discusses the physical properties of the halides and their effects on stoichiometric and catalytic transition metal processes. The metal-halide moiety thus emerges as a tunable functionality on the transition metal catalyst that can be used in the development of new catalytic systems.
Proactive Defense for Evolving Cyber Threats (2012)

There is great interest to develop proactive methods of cyber defense, in which future attack strategies are anticipated and these insights are incorporated into defense designs; however, little has been done to place this ambitious objective on a sound scientific foundation. Indeed, even fundamental issues associated with how the “arms race” between attackers and defenders actually leads to predictability in attacker activity, or how to effectively and scalably detect this predictability in the relational/temporal data streams generated by attacker/defender adaptation, haven’t been resolved. This LDRD project addressed many of these challenges and the results are briefly summarized here. We have characterized the predictability of attacker/defender coevolution and have leveraged our findings to create a framework for designing proactive defenses for large (organizational) networks. More specifically, this project applied rigorous predictability-based analytics to two central and complementary aspects of the network defense problem – attack strategies of the adversaries and vulnerabilities of the defenders’ systems – and used the results to develop a scientifically-grounded, practically-implementable methodology for designing proactive cyber defense systems. Briefly, predictive analysis of attack strategies involved first conducting predictability assessments to characterize attacker adaptation patterns in given domains, and then used these patterns to “train” adaptive defense systems capable of providing robust performance against both current and (near) future threats. The problem of identifying and prioritizing defender system vulnerabilities was addressed using statistical and machine learning to analyze a broad range of data (e.g., cyber, social media) on recently detected system vulnerabilities to “learn” classifiers that predict how likely it is that, and how soon, new vulnerabilities will be exploited. A variety of cyber threat case studies were developed and investigated throughout the project, one selected from the cyber security research community and one that is more comprehensive and of higher priority to SNL and to external national security partners. A sample of research results and application of this methodology are included in this report (as a series of peer-reviewed publications). For ease of reference the title and SAND number are included below.
A New Data Processing Strategy for Combined GPS/GLONASS Carrier Phase-Based Positioning (1999)

Due to the different signal frequencies for the GLONASS
satellites, the commonly used double-differencing proce-dure
for carrier phase data processing cannot be imple-mented in its straightforward form, as in the case of GPS.
In this paper a new data processing strategy for combined
GPS/GLONASS positioning is proposed, involving a
three-step procedure. The first step is pseudo-range-based
positioning, using double-differenced GPS pseudo-range
and single-differenced GLONASS pseudo-range meas-urements,
to derive the initial position and receiver clock
bias. The second step is to form double-differenced ob-servables
(expressed in cycles) in order to estimate the
ambiguities, using the receiver clock bias as estimated in
the previous step. The third step is to form double-differenced
observables (expressed in metric units) with
the unknown single-differenced integer ambiguity for the
GLONASS reference satellite as the only parameter
(which is constant until a cycle slip occurs for this satel-lite).
A real-time stochastic model estimated by residual
series over previous epochs is proposed for combined
GPS/GLONASS carrier phase and pseudo-range data
processing. Other associated issues, such as cycle slip
detection, validation criteria and adaptive procedure(s) for
ambiguity resolution, will also be discussed. The per-formance
of this data processing strategy will be demon-strated
through case study examples of rapid static posi-tioning
and kinematic positioning. Based on four
experiments carried out to date, the results indicate that
rapid static positioning requires 1 minute of data for
100% positioning success rate. The single epoch posi-tioning
solution for kinematic positioning can achieve
94.6% success rate over short baselines (<6km).
Higher Sampling Rates in SC Circuits by On-Chip Clock-Voltage Multiplication (1983)

MOS analog switch resistance of devices with low supply voltage is drastically reduced by synchronous voltage multiplication of the clock signals. Application to a SC bandpassfilter makes a higher sampling rate (260 kHz) feasable with low supply voltage (± 1.5 V) and low power consumption (240 ?W).
The Effect of Pressure on the Hydrolysis of Chloroform, Chlorodifluoromethane, and 3-Chloro-3-methylbutyne. The Nature of the Intermediates<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Effect of Pressure on the Hydrolysis of Chloroform, Chlorodifluoromethane, and 3-Chloro-3-methylbutyne. The Nature of the Intermediates1William J. le NobleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 11, 2434–2438Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01089a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01089a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cationic Surface-Active Agent as Bactericide (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVarticleNEXTCationic Surface-Active Agent as BactericideLawrence K. Wang and Sharron L. PakCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1975, 14, 4, 308–312Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1975Publication History Published online20 April 2016Published inissue 1 December 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360056a605https://doi.org/10.1021/i360056a605research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1975 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Sound source localization in spatially colored noise using a hierarchical Bayesian model (2012)

In this paper, source localization in spatially colored noise is addressed. The covariance of colored noise is estimated using a hierarchical model in the joint Bayesian estimation. The results of the experiment show that the spatial resolution was improved compared with the approach without hierarchical modeling.
Highly efficient concentration of lenti- and retroviral vector preparations by membrane adsorbers and ultrafiltration (2011)

Taken together the method presented here offers an efficient alternative for the concentration of lenti- as well as retroviral vectors with different pseudotypes that needs no expensive equipment, is easy to handle and can be used to purify large quantities of viral vectors within a short time.
Residual Capacity Estimation of Stationary Lithium-ion Secondary Cells in Telecommunications Systems Using a Brief Discharge (2006)

Lithium-ion batteries are expected to contribute to miniaturizing power systems and prolonging backup times in telecommunications systems. From the viewpoint of maintenance, checking battery conditions automatically is desirable after the deployment of lithium-ion batteries to telecommunications systems. Estimating the residual capacity of backup batteries is one of our major concerns in maintaining them. To do this, we propose discharging lithium-ion batteries to an actual load for a short duration, measuring the voltages in this discharge, and estimating the capacity using the correlations between the voltages and residual capacities. We studied the fundamental correlations between the voltages during discharge and the residual capacities using trickle-charged single cells and a float-charged 14-cell series-connected battery in high-temperature acceleration tests. We found good correlations between the voltages and residual capacities in both the single cells and the battery. These correlations may be useful for estimating the residual capacities of float-charged lithium-ion batteries using brief discharges into actual loads
Indo-1 Derivatives for Local Calcium Sensing (2009)

The role of calcium in signal transduction relies on the precise spatial and temporal control of its concentration. The existing means to detect fluctuations in Ca2+ concentrations with adequate temporal and spatial resolution are limited. We introduce here a method to measure Ca2+ concentrations in defined locations in living cells that is based on linking the Ca2+-sensitive dye Indo-1 to SNAP-tag fusion proteins. Fluorescence spectroscopy of SNAP-Indo-1 conjugates in vitro showed that the conjugates retained the Ca2+-sensing ability of Indo-1. In a proof-of-principle experiment, local Ca2+ sensing was demonstrated in single cells dissociated from muscle of adult mice expressing a nucleus-localized SNAP-tag fusion. Ca2+ concentrations inside nuclei of resting cells were measured by shifted excitation and emission ratioing of confocal microscopic images of fluorescence. After permeabilizing the plasma membrane, changes in the bathing solution induced corresponding changes in nuclear [Ca2+] that were readily detected and used for a preliminary calibration of the technique. This work thus demonstrates the synthesis and application of SNAP-tag-based Ca2+ indicators that combine the spatial specificity of genetically encoded calcium indicators with the advantageous spectroscopic properties of synthetic indicators.
Corrosion Behavior of Parylene-Metal-Parylene Thin Films in Saline (2008)

In this paper, we study the corrosion behavior of parylene-metal-parylene thin films using accelerated-lifetime soak tests. The samples under test are thin film resistors with a 200 nm layer of Au sandwiched by parylene-C on both sides, fabricated with parylene-metal skin technology. The samples are tested in hot saline both passively and actively, and different failure modes are observed using optical and electron-beam metrologies. Bubbles and delamination are first seen in the samples after 2 days of soaking under passive conditions, and followed by metal corrosion. While under active conditions, either bubbles or parylene breakdowns are observed depending on the thickness of parylene packaging. These results contribute to a better understanding of the failure mechanisms of parylene packaging in body fluids.
Dihydropyridines from Silylation of Pyridines (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDihydropyridines from Silylation of PyridinesNewell C. Cook and James E. LyonsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 14, 3396–3403Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00966a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00966a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views678Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An unequal error protected p×8 kbit/s video transmission for DECT (2002)

In connection with existing and emerging mobile telecommunications systems a high demand for video services for a broad field of applications such as telephony, news gathering, surveillance, road guidance systems, etc. in different environments is expected. For this, flexible and robust video source coding algorithms are required to provide moving and still image transmission with an acceptable subjective quality at variable data rates in a hostile mobile environment. The paper presents a corresponding low bit rate video codec with associated forward error correction for video transmission in the Digital European Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Behavior of glycopolypeptides with empirical molecular weight estimation methods. 1. In sodium dodecyl sulfate (1980)

The influence of the presence of oligosaccharide branches was examined with respect to the behavior of glycopolypeptides in empirical molecular weight estimation methods in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDodSO4). This examination was conducted by comparing the gel chromatographic and gel electrophoretic behaviors in the presence of NaDodSO4 of 13 glycopolypeptides of known chemical and physical properties to those of regular polypeptides. Errors in the gel chromatographic molecular weight for glycopolypeptides in NaDodSO4 varied from -22% to +10% and indicated that the hydrodynamic behavior of the glycopolypeptide--NaDodSO4 complex could not be correlated with the amount of carbohydrate in the glycopolypeptide. NaDodSO4 binding measurements on a number of the glycopolypeptides suggest that the polypeptide moiety binds the nominal weight ratio of NaDodSO4, while the carbohydrate portion exhibits little or no NaDodSO4 binding. As has been reported by others, the polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic behavior of glycopolypeptide--NaDodSO4 complexes yielded abnormally high molecular weight estimates. In general, the error of these estimates diminished with decreasing porosity of the gel; however, each glycopolypeptide behaved in a unique fashion. Treatment of the electrophoretic data by any of several empirical means provided no reliable way to correct for the glycopolypeptides' aberrant behavior.