gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the roles of Bi2Sr2CuOx intergrowths in Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox/Ag round wires: c-axis transport and magnetic flux pinning (2014)

Despite progress in the performance of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox (Bi2212)/Ag multifilamentary round wires, understanding the impact of microstructural defects on multiple length scales on electrical transport remains a significant challenge. Many recent studies have focused on porosity, but porosity is not the only factor in determining Jc. The primary impurity in partial-melt processed multifilamentary Bi2212 wires is Bi2Sr2CuOx (Bi2201), which forms as mesoscopic grains and nanoscopic intergrowths. Previously, we showed the destructive effect of Bi2201 grains on transport. Here, we relate scanning transmission electron microscopy results to the Bi2212 coherence length, anisotropic magnetization behavior, and magnetic-field dependent transport to study c-axis transport and the effects of Bi2201 intergrowths on magnetic flux pinning. We show that wide Bi2201 intergrowths are barrier to c-axis transport within Bi2212 grains, whereas narrow (half- and full-cell) Bi2201 intergrowths are not detrimental to c-axis transport and are likely magnetic flux pinning centers. These results have significant impact on the understanding of Bi2212/Bi2201 systems and provide important physical insight towards future improvements in devices based upon wires, film, and junctions.
Vernier operation of series‐coupled optical microring resonator filters (2003)

Abstract Nonsymmetric Vernier type series‐coupled optical microring filters have been found to be free of the spurious responses that commonly occur in those of symmetric design. Large free spectral range (FSR) is obtained without significant decrease of the waveguide‐bending radius. The tradeoff between coupling coefficients, filter bandwidth, and the suppression of interstitial resonances has been investigated. Results on filter sensitivity to waveguide and coupler loss are also reported. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 257–261, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11185
Edge statistics-based image scale ratio and noise strength estimation in DCT-coded images (2009)

This paper presents an algorithm for estimating the scale ratio of a compressed image and the strength of compression noise that is associated with a block-based compression scheme. The proposed basic idea was based on analyzing the block edge statistics resizing across two neighboring blocks. For this purpose, the block boundary discontinuity was analyzed statistically. The scale ratio of an input image was then estimated. The location of the discontinuity was detected using the computed scale ratio. Finally, the strength of compression noise was estimated by combining the computed statistics. The main advantages of the proposed algorithm are (1) it estimates the image scale ratio and block offset associated with image compression without prior information, (2) statistics calculated during the offset detection can be used to estimate the compression noise strength, and (3) the estimated noise strength can guide available deblocking algorithms to adjust their filtering strength. Several experiments were performed under different scale ratios and compression strengths to evaluate the proposed scheme.
The effect of AlN interlayer thicknesses on scattering processes in lattice-matched AlInN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas heterostructures (2009)

The scattering mechanisms governing the transport properties of high mobility AllnN/AlN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) heterostructures with various AIN spacer layer thicknesses from zero to 2 nm were presented. The major scattering processes including acoustic and optical phonons, ionized impurity, interface roughness, dislocation and alloy disorder were applied to the temperature-dependent mobility data. It was found that scattering due mainly to alloy disorder limits the electron mobility for samples having spacer layer thicknesses up to 0.3 nm. On the other hand, alloy scattering is greatly reduced as the AlN spacer layer thickness increases further, and hence the combination of acoustic, optical and interface roughness become operative with different degrees of effectiveness over different temperature ranges. The room-temperature electron mobility was observed to increase gradually as the AlN spacer layer increases. A peak electron mobility of 1630 cm2 V-1s -1 was realized for the sample consisting of a 1 nm AlN spacer layer. Then, the electron mobility decreased for the sample with 2 nm AlN. Moreover, the measured 2DEG densities were also compared with the theoretical predictions, which include both piezoelectric and spontaneous polarization components existing at AlN/GaN interfaces. The experimental sheet carrier densities for all AllnN/AlN/GaN HEMT structures were found to be in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions when the parasitic (unintentional) GaN layer deposited between AlN and AllnN was taken into account. From these analyses, 1 nm AlN spacer layer thickness is found to be the optimum thickness required for high electron mobility and hence low sheet resistance once the sheet carrier density is increased to the theoretically expected value for the sample without unintentional GaN layer.
The Effect of Age on Optic Nerve Head Blood Flow (2005)

The perfusion of the optic nerve head is altered with increasing age. The results suggest that the blood supply is reduced in elderly subjects.
Graphene-based bidirectional radiative thermal transfer method for heat engines (2019)

We present a method for substantially enhancing the rate of heat transfer into and out of the working fluid of a heat engine, using bidirectional thermal radiation exchange between the external environment and many individual graphene layers that are dispersed and suspended within an inert gas. This hybrid working fluid has the unique composite property of high optical absorption/emission yet low specific heat. Consequently, it can heat and cool rapidly, enabling a much greater cycle frequency and a commensurate increase in specific power, in comparison to conventional closed-cycle heat engines for which the cycle frequency is limited by the use of slower, non-radiative, thermal transfer.
From <i>locus amoris</i> to Infernal Pentecost: the Sin of Brunetto Latini (1989)

From locus amoris to Infernal Pentecost: the Sin of
Assay of creatinine in serum, with use of fuller's earth to remove interferents. (1981)

Journal Article Assay of creatinine in serum, with use of fuller's earth to remove interferents. Get access R Haeckel R Haeckel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 27, Issue 1, 1 January 1981, Pages 179–183, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/27.1.179 Published: 01 January 1981
<title>Femtosecond continuum probe measurements of nonlinearities of organic dyes</title> (1996)

We report measurements of the nonlinear transmission spectra of organic dye solutions. The reverse saturable absorption (RSA) of these organic dyes in the visible and near IR was measured using a 200 fs 425 nm excitation and a temporally delayed 200 fs white light continuum probe. These RSA materials have attracted attention due to their potential usefulness in optical limiting devices. Knowledge of the dynamics of the nonlinear response along with the spectral dependence is important, in order to determine the range of operation of a given material and to properly model the level structure and lifetimes. We developed an optical source based on an argon ion pumped, Kerr lens modelocked Ti:sapphire oscillator followed by a Cr:LiSAF regenerative amplifier producing millijoule level, 200 fs pulses (FWHM) around 850 nm. A single pulse is then split to generate a second harmonic (SH) at 425 nm and a femtosecond continuum that are used as the pump and probe respectively in a standard pump-probe geometry. The SH is produced in a thin BBO crystal and the continuum is produced by focusing the 850 nm light into a water cell. This results in up to 50 microjoules of pump and 3 microjoules of probe in the spectral range from 200 nm to 800 nm. These pulses have been used to temporally resolve the nonlinear spectra of several organic solutions including zinc tetra (p-methoxyphenyl) tetrabenzporphyrin, lead phthalocyanine, and silicon naphthalocyanine up to delays of several nanoseconds.
Sterol-Derived Hormone(s) Controls Entry into Diapause in Caenorhabditis elegans by Consecutive Activation of DAF-12 and DAF-16 (2004)

Upon starvation or overcrowding, Caenorhabditis elegans interrupts its reproductive cycle and forms a specialised larva called dauer (enduring). This process is regulated by TGF-beta and insulin-signalling pathways and is connected with the control of life span through the insulin pathway components DAF-2 and DAF-16. We found that replacing cholesterol with its methylated metabolite lophenol induced worms to form dauer larvae in the presence of food and low population density. Our data indicate that methylated sterols do not actively induce the dauer formation but rather that the reproductive growth requires a cholesterol-derived hormone that cannot be produced from methylated sterols. Using the effect of lophenol on growth, we have partially purified activity, named gamravali, which promotes the reproduction. In addition, the effect of lophenol allowed us to determine the role of sterols during dauer larva formation and longevity. In the absence of gamravali, the nuclear hormone receptor DAF-12 is activated and thereby initiates the dauer formation program. Active DAF-12 triggers in neurons the nuclear import of DAF-16, a forkhead domain transcription factor that contributes to dauer differentiation. This hormonal control of DAF-16 activation is, however, independent of insulin signalling and has no influence on life span.
An Electromagnetically Actuated Double-Sided Cell-Stretching Device for Mechanobiology Research (2017)

Cellular response to mechanical stimuli is an integral part of cell homeostasis. The interaction of the extracellular matrix with the mechanical stress plays an important role in cytoskeleton organisation and cell alignment. Insights from the response can be utilised to develop cell culture methods that achieve predefined cell patterns, which are critical for tissue remodelling and cell therapy. We report the working principle, design, simulation, and characterisation of a novel electromagnetic cell stretching platform based on the double-sided axial stretching approach. The device is capable of introducing a cyclic and static strain pattern on a cell culture. The platform was tested with fibroblasts. The experimental results are consistent with the previously reported cytoskeleton reorganisation and cell reorientation induced by strain. Our observations suggest that the cell orientation is highly influenced by external mechanical cues. Cells reorganise their cytoskeletons to avoid external strain and to maintain intact extracellular matrix arrangements.
THE ORGANIZATION AND REGULATION OF PLANT GLYCOLYSIS (1996)

This review discusses the organization and regulation of the glycolytic pathway in plants and compares and contrasts plant and nonplant glycolysis. Plant glycolysis exists both in the cytosol and plastid, and the parallel reactions are catalyzed by distinct nuclear-encoded isozymes. Cytosolic glycolysis is a complex network containing alternative enzymatic reactions. Two alternate cytosolic reactions enhance the pathway's ATP yield through the use of pyrophosphate in place of ATP. The cytosolic glycolytic network may provide an essential metabolic flexibility that facilitates plant development and acclimation to environmental stress. The regulation of plant glycolytic flux is assessed, with a focus on the fine control of enzymes involved in the metabolism of fructose-6-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate. Plant and nonplant glycolysis are regulated from the "bottom up" and "top down," respectively. Research on tissue- and developmental-specific isozymes of plant glycolytic enzymes is summarized. Potential pitfalls associated with studies of glycolytic enzymes are considered. Some glycolytic enzymes may be multifunctional proteins involved in processes other than carbohydrate metabolism.
Acoustic Measurement of River Discharge (1989)

This paper presents a new moving‐boat method for rapidly measuring river discharge using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). The method uses an ADCP to measure current profiles and boat velocity along transects across a river. Measurements from the River Elbe, near Hamburg, Germany, are presented to illustrate the method and its associated uncertainties. An ADCP measures profiles of current velocity relative to the boat and the velocity of the boat relative to the bottom; the discharge calculation depends only on these data, and it is not necessary to know either compass heading or the actual location of the boat. Furthermore, the transect can be an arbitrary curve as long as it starts near one side of the river and ends near the other. Uncertainty in discharge from random errors, biases, and missed data near the surface, bottom, and sides of the river is investigated. Missed data near the surface and bottom are the largest source of error unless the data are corrected by assuming model profiles. With correction, the error in estimation of total discharge is dominated by flow in the shallow water at the sides of the river; for the River Elbe, the total error appears to be about 5%.
감성리더십 인식이 조직침묵에 미치는 영향 -권위주의의 매개효과를 중심으로- (2019)

이 연구는 전국 경찰공무원 195명을 대상으로 조사한 설문데이터로 분석을 수행하였다. 감성리더십과 권위주의가 조직침묵에 미치는 영향과 감성리더십과 조직침묵의 관계에서 권위주의의 매개효과를 분석하였다. 방법론은 구조방정식 모형이다.
경찰조직의 감성리더십이 체념적 침묵에 부(-)적 영향을 미쳤고, 방어적 침묵에도 부(-)적 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 권위주의는 체념적 침묵에 정(+)적 영향을 미쳤고, 방어적 침묵에도 정(+)적 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 감성리더십은 권위주의에 유의미한 부(-)적 영향을 미쳤다. 끝으로 감성리더십이 조직침묵에 부(-)적 영향을 미침에 있어, 권위주의의 부(-)적 매개효과가 있었다. 이상의 분석결과를 토대로, 조직침묵을 예방하기 위한 제도적 방안을 논의하였다.
IL-2 gene delivery within an established murine tumor causes its regression without proliferation of preexisting antitumor-specific CTL (1997)

Regression of P815 tumors established on naive syngeneic mice can be obtained by the intratumoral injection of a single dose of an adenoviral vector expressing the IL-2 gene (Ad.IL2). Injection triggers local IL-2 production for at least 10 days. We measured a number of immunologic parameters in situ following intratumoral Ad.IL2 treatment. We also analyzed the situation of regression obtained upon challenge with P815 cells of mice previously immunized against the tumor and compared both systems. While IFN-gamma messenger RNA expression was found to be elevated in both situations of tumor regression, the level of infiltration by tumor-specific CTL was different. A small amount of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells were present in growing, untreated tumors. Such cells are found in much larger numbers in tumors rejected upon challenge, consistent with a CTL-mediated rejection. In contrast, they were found not to proliferate following Ad.IL2 injection. The latter caused an increased infiltration of a polyclonal, presumably nonspecific, T cell population. These results suggest that the initial regression of established P815 tumors following Ad.IL2 treatment in vivo is mostly due to nonspecific effectors.
An approach to high resolution D/A converter utilizing a linear predictive coding (2005)

This paper proposes a linear predictive coding algorithm whereby the quality of the decoded signal is improved to realize a high resolution Digital-to-Analog (D/A) converter and describes the performance of the algorithm using computer simulation. The first discussion is the present problems of the digital audio system, one of which is degradation of decoded signal by quantization noise inherent to D/A conversions. Next, some reports published to date for improving the problems, are evaluated to clarify the limitations of their technical applicability. As a result, by regarding the digital signal decoding system as a single function system, the arithmetic means of the input and output groups of signal components are regarded to be equivalent when those signal groups are seen from the viewpoint of their time averages, and proposed here is a digital signal processing algorithm using a linear predictive coding system. Conceptual circuit diagrams to implement the method are shown. The efficacy of this method has been demonstrated by computer simulation, that is, the method increases in effect resolution of the D/A conversion system by at least 1 to 2 bits.
Verification of VHDL designs using VAL (1988)

VAL (VHDL Annotation Language) uses a small number of new language constructs to annotate VHDL hardware descriptions. VAL annotations, added to the VHDL entity declaration in the form of formal comments, express intended behavior common to all architectural bodies of the entity. Annotations are expressed as parallel processes that accept streams of input signals and generate constraints on output streams. VAL views signals as streams of values ordered by time. Generalized timing expressions allow the designer to refer to relative points on a stream. No concept of preemptive delayed assignment or inertial delay are needed when referring to different relative points in time on a stream. The VAL abstract state model permits abstract data types to be used in specifying history dependent device behavior. Annotations placed inside a VHDL architectural body define detailed correspondences between the behavior specification and architecture. The result is a simple but expressive language extension of VHDL with possible applications to automatic checking of VHDL simulations, hierarchical design, and automatic verification of hardware designs in VHDL.
Effect of wheat germ agglutinin on the interleukin pathway of human T lymphocyte activation. (1985)

Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) inhibits proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) induced by mitogens and antigens. We investigated the mechanism by which WGA inhibits PHA-induced human lymphocyte proliferation with regard to the interleukin pathway. Our data revealed that although PBMC-proliferation was markedly suppressed by WGA, levels of IL 2 activity in WGA-inhibited cultures were not reduced, but instead were increased, suggesting failure to utilize IL 2. Furthermore, the addition of exogenous IL 2 failed to overcome the suppression. Consistent with these observations, culturing PBMC with PHA plus WGA markedly decreased the number of high-affinity IL 2 receptor per cell, as determined by binding of purified [3H]IL 2, relative to cultures containing PHA alone. WGA immobilized on support beads bound detergent-solubilized IL 2 receptors from PHA-activated T cells, but did not bind human IL 2. However, WGA did not competitively block the binding of [3H]IL 2 to PHA-induced lymphoblasts. These results suggest that WGA inhibits lymphocyte proliferation by binding to and decreasing the number of high-affinity IL 2 receptors displayed on T cells, without impairing IL 2 production.
Intelligent networking for the global marketplace (1993)

Global intelligent networking issues at the physical, transport, routing, and service levels are discussed. Factors that are required for global intelligent networking in the coming age in terms of architecture and technology are identified. Areas in which extensive studies and technical breakthroughs are required for realization of the global intelligent network are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation and Chemical Properties of 5-Dialkylaminomethylhydantoins and 2-Thio-Analogues (2009)

An efficient procedure for the preparation of 5-dialkylaminomethylhydantoins 3, which are easily obtained from cyclization of the corresponding urea derivatives 2 starting with beta-aminoalanines 1, is described. Methylenehydantoin and the corresponding 2-thio analogue (4a, 4b) were obtained from hydantoins 3a and 3b, respectively. Some new chemical properties of these hydantoin derivatives are reported.
Review: Serum Biomarkers of Lung Fibrosis in Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features—What Do We Already Know? (2021)

Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) belongs to a group of diseases called interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), which are disorders of a varied prognosis and course. Finding sufficiently specific and sensitive biomarkers would enable the progression to be predicted, the natural history to be monitored and patients to be stratified according to their treatment. To assess the significance of pulmonary fibrosis biomarkers studied thus far, we searched the PubMed, Medline and Cochrane Library databases for papers published between January 2015 and June 2021. We focused on circulating biomarkers. A primary review of the databases identified 38 articles of potential interest. Overall, seven articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. This review aims to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of molecules such as KL-6, SP-A, SP-D, circulating fibrocytes, CCL2, CXCL13, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. All of these biomarkers have previously been studied in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD). IPAF is a disorder of a heterogeneous nature. It explains the lack of coherent observations in terms of correlations with functional parameters. There is still no meta-analysis of pulmonary fibrosis biomarkers in IPAF. This is mainly due to the heterogeneity of the methodology and groups analysed in the research. More research in this area is needed.
Electrostatically Dissipative Polystyrene Nanocomposites containing Copper Nanowires (2005)

Abstract Summary: A scalable synthesis of copper nanowires by alternating current electrodeposition into porous aluminium oxide was used to produce multigram quantities of 16 nm diameter by >2 µm long nanowires. Polystyrene nanocomposites were prepared by solution processing. The composites containing unpassivated nanowires were non‐uniformly dispersed and showed electrical percolation at ≈2 vol.‐% Cu loading, while the composites containing HSC 18 H 37 ‐passivated nanowires were uniformly dispersed, but remained resistive up to at least 10 vol.‐% Cu loading. Copper nanowires prepared by alternating current electrodeposition into porous aluminium oxide templates. magnified image Copper nanowires prepared by alternating current electrodeposition into porous aluminium oxide templates.
Environmentally-friendly processing of thermosets by two-stage sequential aza-Michael addition and free-radical polymerization of amine–acrylate mixtures (2015)

A new dual-curing, solvent-free process is described for the preparation of tailor-made materials from offstoichiometric amine–acrylate formulations.
[Evaluation of the reliability of three different hepatitis E diagnosis reagents on the clinical acute hepatitis E]. (2004)

E2-IgM is a good test for the diagnosis of acute hepatitis E.
MOLECULAR ORIENTATION OF LIQUID CRYSTALS BY ORGANIC METAL COMPLEXES (1979)

Polynuclear metal complexes of various carboxylic acids are presented, which are not only useful for surface-inducing stable molecular alignments of liquid crystals (LC's) but also particularly convenient tools for elucidating the mechanism of LC orientation on the basis of intermolecular interactions between LC's and substrate surfaces.