gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Purification and the Properties of Three Kinds of Lipases from<i>Rhizopus delemer</i> (1974)

The study was undertaken to clarify whether three kinds of lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) secreted from Rhizopus delemar are originally different or identical with each other. First of all, the purification of those lipases was carried out and their enzymatic properties were examined. Their properties including the stability on heat and pH, precipitabilities at a certain pH, the behaviours on a SE-Sephadex C50 column and on a Sephadex G200 column and so on were compared. From the results, A-lipase is clearly different from the other two lipases. On the other hand, it seems that B- and C-lipases are originally identical.
A Modified Wheatstone Bridge for High-Precision Automated Resistance Measurement (1987)

A modified Wheatstone bridge has been developed which auto-balances using a digitally controlled feedback system. The bridge has four detectors to sense the imbalance in the circuit, and a resolution of better than 0.01 ppm with nearly maintenance-free operation.
Integration of Wireless Sensor Networks into Moving Irrigation Systems for Automatic Irrigation Scheduling (2008)

A six-span center pivot irrigation system was used as a platform for testing two wireless sensor networks (WSN) of infrared thermometers. The cropped field was a semi-circle, divided into six pie-slice sections of which three were irrigated manually and three were irrigated automatically based on the time temperature threshold method. One network was mounted on masts fixed to the pivot arm (Pivot-WSN) and was programmed with mesh networking firmware. The second wireless network was comprised of sensors programmed with non-mesh firmware and was deployed in the field (Field-WSN). Our objectives were to: (1) compare the performance of a mesh and non-mesh networking systems of wireless sensors on a center pivot platform; (2) investigate the relationships between crop canopy, sensor body, and air temperatures; and (3) investigate automatic irrigation scheduling using data from wireless sensor networks.
Protection of hamsters against experimental mumps virus (MuV) infection by antibodies raised against the MuV surface glycoproteins expressed from recombinant vaccinia virus vectors (1995)

The fusion (F) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoproteins of mumps virus (MuV) have been produced in CV1 cells via vaccinia virus recombinants. Recombinant proteins accumulated in infected cells and were glycosylated. Upon reduction, the F protein product was completely converted into its subunits. Hamsters infected with vaccinia recombinants expressing either the F or HN proteins produced antibodies recognizing MuV antigens and neutralizing MuV infectivity in vitro. These antibodies provided protection against MuV-induced encephalitis in newborn hamsters.
Deposition and Properties of Reactively Sputtered Ruthenium Dioxide Thin Films as an Electrode for Ferroelectric Capacitors (1994)

Ruthenium dioxide (RuO 2 ) films are studied for use as a bottom electrode of the (Ba, Sr)TiO 3 thin-film capacitor. RuO 2 films have been deposited by reactive DC magnetron sputtering of ruthenium at a relatively low sputtering power. Stoichiometric RuO 2 films are obtained at oxygen partial pressures as low as 0.6 mTorr. The properties of the films have been investigated using techniques such as Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, Auger electron spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The oxygen composition in as-deposited RuO x films increases from 2.0 to 2.4 with the increase of initial O 2 partial pressure from 1.2 to 5.6 mTorr at a sputtering power of 200 W. The films deposited under low oxygen partial pressures followed by annealing show preferential crystal growth in the [110] direction, whereas those deposited in high oxygen partial pressures show growth in the [101] direction. A resistivity of 65 µΩ·cm is obtained after annealing at 800°C. Even after high-temperature deposition and subsequent annealing processes, clear interfaces between (Ba, Sr)TiO 3 and RuO 2 films are obtained.
Proteomic analysis of hearts from frataxin knockout mice: Marked rearrangement of energy metabolism, a response to cellular stress and altered expression of proteins involved in cell structure, motility and metabolism (2008)

A frequent cause of death in Friedreich's ataxia patients is cardiomyopathy, but the molecular alterations underlying this condition are unknown. We performed 2-DE to characterize the changes in protein expression of hearts using the muscle creatine kinase frataxin conditional knockout (KO) mouse. Pronounced changes in protein expression profile were observed in 9 week-old KO mice with severe cardiomyopathy. In contrast, only several proteins showed altered expression in asymptomatic 4 week-old KO mice. In hearts from frataxin KO mice, components of the iron-dependent complex-I and -II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and enzymes involved in ATP homeostasis (creatine kinase, adenylate kinase) displayed decreased expression. Interestingly, the KO hearts exhibited increased expression of enzymes involved in the citric acid cycle, catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, ketone body utilization and pyruvate decarboxylation. This constitutes evidence of metabolic compensation due to decreased expression of electron transport proteins. There was also pronounced up-regulation of proteins involved in stress protection, such as a variety of chaperones, as well as altered expression of proteins involved in cellular structure, motility and general metabolism. This is the first report of the molecular changes at the protein level which could be involved in the cardiomyopathy of the frataxin KO mouse.
Production of fired construction brick from high sulfate-containing fly ash with boric acid addition (2009)

The increase of power plant capacity has led to the production of an increasing amount of fly ash that causes high environmental impact in Turkey. Some of the fly ash is utilized within the fired brick industry but high sulfate-containing fly ash creates severe problems during sintering of the fired brick. This study attempted to investigate the potential for converting high sulfate-containing fly ash into useful material for the construction industry by the addition of boric acid. The chemical and mineralogical composition of fly ash and clay were investigated. Boric acid (H(3)BO(3)) was added to fly ash-clay mixtures with up to 5 wt.%. Six different series of test samples were produced by uniaxial pressing. The samples were fired at the industrial clay-brick firing temperatures of 800, 900 and 1000 degrees C. The microstructures of the fired samples were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and some physical and mechanical properties were measured. It was concluded that the firing at conventional brick firing temperature of high sulfate fly ash without any addition of boric acid resulted in very weak strength bricks. The addition of boric acid and clay simultaneously to the high sulfate- containing fly ash brick dramatically increased the compressive strength of the samples at a firing temperature of 1000 degrees C by modifying the sintering behaviour of high sulfate fly ash.
What can machine learning do for antimicrobial peptides, and what can antimicrobial peptides do for machine learning? (2017)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a diverse class of well-studied membrane-permeating peptides with important functions in innate host defense. In this short review, we provide a historical overview of AMPs, summarize previous applications of machine learning to AMPs, and discuss the results of our studies in the context of the latest AMP literature. Much work has been recently done in leveraging computational tools to design new AMP candidates with high therapeutic efficacies for drug-resistant infections. We show that machine learning on AMPs can be used to identify essential physico-chemical determinants of AMP functionality, and identify and design peptide sequences to generate membrane curvature. In a broader scope, we discuss the implications of our findings for the discovery of membrane-active peptides in general, and uncovering membrane activity in new and existing peptide taxonomies.
Aphid Alarm Pheromone Component, (E)-&beta;-farnesene, and Local Search by a Predatory Lady Beetle, Coccinella septempunctata bruckii MULSANT(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) (1991)

Responses of a predatory lady beetle, Coccinella septempunctata bruckii, to synthetic aphid alarm pheromone were studied to determine possible influences of the pheromone on the beetle's local search. Three search parameters - locomotory rate, turn rate and "meander" - were tested after consumption of an aphid prey and after contact with aphid alarm pheromone. The 2 sets of parameters were significantly different, suggesting that aphid alarm pheromone is not utilized as an orientation cue toward an additional prey item.
MMSE channel prediction assisted symbol-by-symbol adaptive OFDM (2003)

Subband adaptive orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) constitutes an effective method of compensating for the frequency selective fading incurred by mobile receivers. The channel transfer function estimation error increases both as a function of the Doppler frequency and that of the subband modem mode signalling delay. This leads to a degradation of the system's performance. In this article a 2D-MMSE channel-predictor is investigated as a means of compensating for these effects, which incorporates the scheme proposed Tufvesson, Faulkner and Maseng, (see IEEE Proc. of 6th International Workshop on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communications Systems, Melbourne, Australia, p.57-33, November 1998) into an adaptive OFDM scheme.
Comparison of statistical power between 2×2 allele frequency and allele positivity tables in case-control studies of complex disease genes (2001)

In case-control studies of complex disease genes, allele frequencies or allele positivities at candidate loci or markers are compared between cases and controls. Although 2 x 2 contingency tables based on allele frequency and allele positivity are generally used to perform simple statistical tests (e.g. a comparison of two proportions and a chi2 test), little is known about the difference in power between the two tables. In this study, we investigated the number of subjects required to obtain a power of 1-beta with a significance level of alpha for the allele frequency and allele positivity tables. A large difference in the required number of subjects was found between the two tables. Allele positivity tables were suitable for the detection of susceptibility alleles showing a dominant mode of inheritance (MOI). On the other hand, allele frequency tables were suitable for the identification of susceptibility alleles showing a recessive MOI or a multiplicative MOI. In the case of an additive MOI, a suitable table was determined by combining the frequency of the susceptibility allele and the penetrance. These results imply that there are cases in which true association is detected based on one contingency table and is not detected based on another. A simulation analysis revealed that the type I error rate was not much inflated under the null hypothesis of no association, even when a statistical test was performed twice using both allele frequency and allele positivity tables. In contrast, under the alternative hypothesis, the loss of power was marked when a test was performed once using an unsuitable table. In conclusion, statistical tests should be performed using both tables, without adjustment of multiplicity, in case-control studies of complex disease genes when the study objective is exploratory.
[Diabetic emergencies]. (1997)

Based on case reports pathogenesis and treatment of the following diabetic emergencies were discussed: 1. The hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma without or with only modest ketosis occurring mainly in type II diabetics and the severe ketoacidosis with or without disturbed consciousness occurring mainly in type I diabetics are the two forms of severe metabolic decompensation of diabetes mellitus. 2. Severe hypoglycaemia may be caused by treatment with sulfonylureas and insulin. 3. The most dangerous life threatening adverse effect of biguanides is lactic acidosis. The incidence of ketoacidosis is about 1-5% in type I diabetics with a mortality of 3-9%. Mortality rates of hyperosmolar non-ketotic comas are much higher, approaching 20-40%, and are explained by severe concomitant complications and older age. The most important triggering factors of diabetic coma are infections, insulin dispensing errors and non-compliance. Carefully instructing patients about the risks of loosing appetite and vomiting as early signs of ketoacidosis is essential. Adequate replacement of fluid, electrolyte and water are the most important therapeutical aspects of ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of infection by antibiotics are important. Complication of therapy (hypokalemia, hypovolemia and rapid full of oncotic pressure) should be avoided by clinical and laboratory monitoring. Treatment of acidosis with bicarbonate has been found more dangerous than useful. Severe hypoglycaemia is the most important and most dangerous side effect of sulfonylurea and insulin. The incidence of severe hypoglycaemia under glibenclamide ist 3-5 fold higher than under treatment with tolbutamide or glibornurid. Glibenclamide should not be recommended anymore. Longterm experience of the therapeutic security of new sulfonylurea derivates like glimepirid is lacking. Blood-glucose-measurements in the afternoon are important for recognizing disposition to sulfonylurea hypoglycaemia, because at this time the blood-glucose-values tend to be lower than in the morning fasting state. Under insulin treatment the following risk factors for severe hypoglycaemia need to be considered: metabolic control in the near normal range, intensified treatment with rapidly decreasing HbA1c-levels, impaired renal function, unawareness o hypoglycaemia. When the renal function is impaired, biguanide treatment is not indicated because of the risk of lactic acidosis. Most of the diabetic emergency situations are avoidable by proper education of the patients.
'LIQUID TURBINES' IMPROVE LNG OPERATIONS (1996)

Adding a pair of cryogenic hydraulic turbines, often called liquid expanders, into an LNG processing train can increase plant annual revenues by 3--4%. The cooldown of a vapor phase by expansion through a gas turbine is widely used in such cryogenic processes as NGL and LPG recovery in the cold section of the steam cracking and in air or natural-gas liquefaction. Traditionally, this pressure letdown function has been through use of a Joule-Thomson (JT) valve which wastes the energy and reduces process efficiency by leaving it in the system in the form of heat. Any natural-gas liquefaction process can be improved by expanding the LNG and the liquid phase of the mixed refrigerant through a hydraulic turbine. Described here are the technical requirements for such turbines along with the design developed to meet those requirements. Also reviewed is the testing of the first set of large-scale (800 kw) commercial turbines at full flow and pressure using {minus}160 C. LNG as the test fluid. First installation and operation are also described.
Characteristics of shared dispersive element WDM lasers (2002)

Sources that consist of many lasers that share a dispersive element, such as the MAGIC and the waveguide grating router (WGR) multifrequency lasers (MFL), differ from conventional wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) sources, such as the distributed feedback (DFB) laser, in four main ways: MFLs exhibit high channel spacing accuracy; MFLs have inherent wavelength stabilization; MFLs are uncontrolled mode selection lasers; MFLs are long-cavity lasers. These differences are discussed.
Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective C-3 Allylation of 3-Substituted-1<i>H</i>-Indoles Using Trialkylboranes (2006)

We have developed a new enantioselective C-3 allylation of 3-substituted indoles using allyl alcohol and trialkylboranes. Asymmetric syntheses of 3,3-disubstituted indolines and indolenines in enantiomeric excesses up to 90% have been achieved using the bulky borane 9-BBN-C6H13 as the promoter of the reaction. The dependence of the selectivity on the nature of the borane suggests that the boron reagent has a role beyond promoting ionization of the allyl alcohol. A protocol for oxidation of indolenines to oxindoles has also been developed and led to a formal synthesis of (-)-phenserine.
A confidence limit for the empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectral analysis (2003)

The confidence limit is a standard measure of the accuracy of the result in any statistical analysis. Most of the confidence limits are derived as follows. The data are first divided into subsections and then, under the ergodic assumption, the temporal mean is substituted for the ensemble mean. Next, the confidence limit is defined as a range of standard deviations from this mean. However, such a confidence limit is valid only for linear and stationary processes. Furthermore, in order for the ergodic assumption to be valid, the subsections have to be statistically independent. For non‐stationary and nonlinear processes, such an analysis is no longer valid. The confidence limit of the method here termed EMD/HSA (for empirical mode decomposition/Hilbert spectral analysis) is introduced by using various adjustable stopping criteria in the sifting processes of the EMD step to generate a sample set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The EMD technique acts as a pre‐processor for HSA on the original data, producing a set of components (IMFs) from the original data that equal the original data when added back together. Each IMF represents a scale in the data, from smallest to largest. The ensemble mean and standard deviation of the IMF sample sets obtained with different stopping criteria are calculated, and these form a simple random sample set. The confidence limit for EMD/HSA is then defined as a range of standard deviations from the ensemble mean. Without evoking the ergodic assumption, subdivision of the data stream into short sections is unnecessary; hence, the results and the confidence limit retain the full‐frequency resolution of the full dataset. This new confidence limit can be applied to the analysis of nonlinear and non‐stationary processes by these new techniques. Data from length‐of‐day measurements and a particularly violent recent earthquake are used to demonstrate how the confidence limit is obtained and applied. By providing a confidence limit for this new approach, a stable range of stopping criteria for the decomposition or sifting phase (EMD) has been established, making the results of the final processing with HSA, and the entire EMD/HSA method, more definitive.
A2B Adenosine Receptors Regulate the Mucus Clearance Component of the Lung's Innate Defense System (2008)

Adenosine (ADO) signaling is altered in both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and the A(2B) adenosine receptor (A(2B)-R) may drive pulmonary inflammation. Accordingly, it has been proposed that specific inhibition of the A(2B)-R could treat inflammatory lung diseases. However, stimulation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) by ADO may be crucial in permitting the superficial epithelium to maintain airway surface liquid (ASL) volume, which is required to ensure hydrated and clearable mucus. Our goal was to determine which ADO receptor (ADO-R) underlies ASL volume regulation in bronchial epithelia. We used PCR techniques to determine ADO-R expression in bronchial epithelia and used nasal potential difference measurements, Ussing chambers studies, and XZ-confocal microscopy to look at Cl- secretion and ASL volume regulation. The A(2B)-R was the most highly expressed ADO-R in donor specimens of human bronchial epithelia, and inhibition of ADO-R in vivo prevented activation of CFTR. A(2B)-R was the only ADO-R detected in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells and inhibition of this receptor with specific A(2B)-R antagonists resulted in ASL height collapse and a failure to effect ASL height homeostasis. Removal of ADO with ADO deaminase and replacement with 5'N-ethylcarboxamide adenosine resulted in dose-dependent changes in ASL height, and suggested that the cell surface (ADO) may be in excess of 1 microM, which is sufficient to activate A(2B)-R. A(2B)-R are required for ASL volume homeostasis in human airways, and therapies directed at inhibiting A(2B)-R may lead to a cystic fibrosis-like phenotype with depleted ASL volume and mucus stasis.
Morocco: Social Protection and Labor Diagnostic (2015)

Main macroeconomic indicators in Morocco (notably economic growth, inflation) are expected to remain appropriate in the short-medium term. Despite negative impacts in the economy due to developments in the Eurozone, in particular sovereign debt crises in Spain and Italy, among other countries, economic growth in Morocco has been positive averaging 4.3 percent per year between years 2010 and 2013. Morocco has displayed important progress in the Bank’s twin objectives of reducing poverty and promoting shared prosperity. Inequality and vulnerability remain important challenges. Despite some notable progress on key human development indicators, Morocco still lags behind in health and education achievements. One of the key challenges for Morocco is that economic growth has not achieved enough employment growth to the needs of a saturated labor market. To achieve faster economic growth, Morocco will need a structural transformation of its economy, with a focus on broadening economic opportunities. Low employment rates in Morocco are largely explained by very low rates of participation of women in the labor force. Most employment creation in Morocco happens in the services and construction sectors, while the agriculture and manufacturing sectors (as these sectors become more productive and substitute labor by capital) actually suffer from net job destruction of approximately 35 thousand jobs per year.
Step Structure Transformation of Si(001) Surface Induced by Current (1992)

The domain conversion mechanism on a Si(001) surface induced by DC current is investigated, and the origin of the critical step spacing is clarified. The conversion between 2×1 and 1×2 domains on the Si(001) surface proceeds with the movement of each step, caused by the transport of adatoms across the terrace. The uniform driving force on adatoms is assumed to be induced by the supply of DC current. The step kinetics is treated by developing the BCF (Burton, Cabrera and Frank) theory to take account of the three effects: contribution of the drift flux of adatoms, anisotropy of a diffusion constant, and repulsive interaction between steps. The domain conversion is induced by the coupling of the first and second effects. The balance condition between the drift flux and the backward diffusion flux caused by the repulsive step-step interaction determines the critical spacing. The time evolution of step configuration is calculated numerically, and it explains well the observed behaviour.
Concept Analysis: Malpractice and Modern-Day Nursing Practice (2009)

Exposure to malpractice liability is an unfortunate consequence of modern-day nursing practice. An understanding of malpractice will assist nurses in identifying situations that may expose them to legal liability and hopefully lead to improved patient care.
Responses of Human Lens Epithelial Cells to Quercetin and DMSO (2007)

Quercetin, at a low concentration (0.1 microM), protects HLECs and reverses the toxic effects of DMSO (1% vol/vol). However, at higher concentrations, quercetin is toxic to HLECs with an LD(50) of 90.85 microM. Quercetin induced apoptosis and upregulates apoptotic genes in HLECs in a dose-dependent manner.