gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The familial occurrence of multiple sclerosis and its implications. (1950)

Excerpt The question as to whether a constitutional taint, predisposition or diathesis underlies the occurrence of multiple sclerosis has not yet been answered. The earlier neurologists, includin...
Substance P antagonist (CP-96,345) inhibits HIV-1 replication in human mononuclear phagocytes (2001)

Substance P (SP) is a potent modulator of neuroimmunoregulation. We recently reported that human immune cells express SP and its receptor. We have now investigated the possible role that SP and its receptor plays in HIV infection of human mononuclear phagocytes. SP enhanced HIV replication in human blood-isolated mononuclear phagocytes, whereas the nonpeptide SP antagonist (CP-96,345) potently inhibited HIV infectivity of these cells in a concentration-dependent fashion. CP-96,345 prevented the formation of typical giant syncytia induced by HIV Bal strain replication in these cells. This inhibitory effect of CP-96,345 was because of the antagonism of neurokinin-1 receptor, a primary SP receptor. Both CP-96,345 and anti-SP antibody inhibited SP-enhanced HIV replication in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Among HIV strains tested (both prototype and primary isolates), only the R5 strains (Bal, ADA, BL-6, and CSF-6) that use the CCR5 coreceptor for entry into MDM were significantly inhibited by CP-96,345; in contrast, the X4 strain (UG024), which uses CXCR4 as its coreceptor, was not inhibited. In addition, the M-tropic ADA (CCR5-dependent)-pseudotyped HIV infection of MDM was markedly inhibited by CP-96,345, whereas murine leukemia virus-pseudotyped HIV was not affected, indicating that the major effect of CP-96,345 is regulated by Env-determined early events in HIV infection of MDM. CP-96,345 significantly down-regulated CCR5 expression in MDM at both protein and mRNA levels. Thus, SP-neurokinin-1 receptor interaction may play an important role in the regulation of CCR5 expression in MDM, affecting the R5 HIV strain infection of MDM.
Practical Interleavers for Systematic Repeat-Accumulate Codes (2006)

In this paper we design deterministic interleavers for systematic repeat-accumulate (RA) codes. Despite their simple description the new interleavers are shown to outperform traditional interleavers over a wide range of code lengths and rates
GFFC: The Global Feedback Based Flow Control in the NoC Design for Many-core Processor (2009)

GFFC (global feedback based flow control) is proposed to be used in NoC design for many-core processor. GFFC is designed based on two fundamental principles: (a) when network congestion occurs, the packet sender that causes the congestion needs to know this and needs to be proactively involved in the alleviation of this network congestion; (b) the congestion-causing packets shall not block the traffic of other part of the OCN. Following these principles, we propose the GFFC FIFO in the OCN router. GFFC FIFO is a place to buffer the waiting packets in the OCN to avoid blocking the traffic of other bypassing packets. Besides, we propose a mechanism to relay the congestion in formation from the packet receiver to the packet sender via the GFFC FIFO in the routers. In this paper, we propose the design of GFFC in a mesh based OCN. We also study the performance characteristics of GFFC and report the experimental results. The experimental results show that GFFC can decrease the average non-memory packet transfer latency by 9%.
Task-based specifications through conceptual graphs (1996)

Conceptual modeling is an important step toward the construction of user requirements. Requirements engineering is knowledge intensive and cannot be dealt with using only a few general principles. Therefore, a conceptual model is domain oriented and should represent the richer semantics of the problem domain. The conceptual model also helps designers communicate among themselves and with users. To capture and represent a conceptual model for the problem domain, we need: mechanisms to structure the knowledge of the problem domain at the conceptual level, which has the underlying principles of abstraction and encapsulation; and formalisms to represent the semantics of the problem domain and to provide a reasoning capability for verification and validation. We propose the task based specification methodology as the mechanism to structure the knowledge captured in conceptual models. TBSM offers four main benefits for constructing conceptual models, which are outlined. We propose conceptual graphs as the formalism to express task based specifications where the task structure of problem solving knowledge drives the specification, the pieces of the specification can be iteratively refined, and verification can be performed for a single layer or between layers. We chose conceptual graphs for their expressive power to represent both declarative and procedural knowledge, and for their assimilation capability-that is, their ability to be combined.
Introduction: The Question of Legitimacy (2002)

Abstract This introductory chapter begins with brief discussions of the constitutional crisis generated by the machinery of government itself, and the potential impact of the decision in Bush v. Gore. It then provides an overview of the subsequent chapters. The book is divided into two parts. Part One focuses on a tightly interconnected set of questions: Does Bush v. Gore have a solid—or even plausible—foundation in legal principle? If not, how are we to reestablish the nation's confidence in the rule of law? Part Two confronts this legalistic focus with a series of political issues.
Controlled synthesis of FeP nanorod arrays as highly efficient hydrogen evolution cathode (2014)

For the first time, self-supported FeP nanorod arrays were developed on a HCl-treated Ti foil (FeP NAs/Ti) via low-temperature phosphidation of α-FeO(OH)/Ti precursor and were further used as a novel hydrogen evolution cathode (HER), demonstrating exceptional catalytic activity in acidic media, superior to all reported non-Pt HER electrocatalysts, while offering an innovative method to synthesize metal phosphides with well-controlled nanostructure and morphology.
Enhancement of the conversion efficiency of GaN-based photovoltaic devices with AlGaN/InGaN absorption layers (2010)

InGaN/sapphire-based p-i-n type photovoltaic (PV) devices were shown to have Al0.14Ga0.86N/In0.21Ga0.79N heterostructures that enhance the extraction of photogenerated carriers from active layers. With an appropriately increased barrier height in AlGaN/InGaN absorption layers, PV devices exhibit lower RS despite the increase in conduction-band discontinuity compared with GaN/InGaN superlattice absorption layers. This improvement can be attributed to polarization-induced electric fields enhanced by the incorporated aluminum in barrier layers. The enhancement is beneficial to increase built-in electric fields. Subsequently, the photogenerated carriers can escape more easily from recombination or scattering centers. Under 1 sun air-mass 1.5 standard testing conditions, the Al0.14Ga0.86N/In0.21Ga0.79N PV device exhibits high VOC (2.10 V) as well as an enhanced fill factor (0.66) and JSC (0.84 mA/cm2) corresponding to a power conversion efficiency of 1.16%.
Quality of Processed Blood for Autotransfusion (2000)

Centrifugal red blood cell washers for intraoperative autotransfusion process shed blood during surgery. In this study, the quality of processed fresh, human bank blood was assessed in a standardized laboratory setting during standard, medium, and high flow processing. Red cell recovery rates and plasma washout efficiencies were compared using three different devices. The accurate parameters measuring effectiveness and product quality were red cell mass (RCM) flow rate and the plasma washout efficiency. Cobe BRAT 2, a system with discontinuous flow (DF) and a cylindrical centrifuge bowl, permitted processing in standard and medium flow of 26 and 35 mL RCM/min, respectively, with washout of residual plasma albumin of 93.2 and 91.2%. The Medtronic Sequestra 1000, a DF system with a conical centrifuge bowl processed blood at 15 and 23 mL RCM/min and eliminated plasma albumin with 98.4 and 96.8% washout during standard and medium flow, respectively, with significant red cell loss occurring during medium flow. The respective speeds of high-flow programs with BRAT 2 and Sequestra 1000 were 15 and 22 mL RCM/min, related to a hematocrit in the holding bag, less than that of the incoming blood from the reservoir. Washout was 58.2 and 58.3%, respectively. Fresenius CATS, a continuous flow (CF) device, produced flow rates of 19, 24, and 43 mL RCM/min and plasma albumin elimination of 97.8, 94.4, and 93.3% in standard, medium, and high-flow, respectively. Holding bag hematocrits with CF exceeded that of DF. Standard, medium, and high-flow programs of CATS may be used without restriction.
An aspect-oriented approach to dynamic adaptation (2002)

This paper presents an aspect-oriented approach to dynamic adaptation. A systematic process for defining where, when, and how an adaptation is to be incorporated into an application is presented. Specifically, the paper presents a two-phase approach to dynamic adaptation, where the first phase prepares a non-adaptive program for adaptation, and the second phase implements the adaptation at run time. This approach is illustrated with a distributed conferencing application.
A comparative analysis of patient access modes at Wilford Hall United States Air Force Medical Center and selected civilian medical centers. (1983)

Abstract : This study examined patient access modes of selected civilian medical centers comparable to Wilford Hall in size, specialty mis, workload, and mission to determine if a more responsive and efficient patient mode could be found for implementation. Appointment systems, clinic operations, and admission systems were compared between facilities. Numerous enhancements to patient access were identified in each of the three areas of focus. The study concluded with a specific implementation plan. Keywords: Health care; Patient access modes.
Epitope mapping of anti-recA protein IgGs by region specified polymerase chain reaction mutagenesis. (1992)

Monoclonal IgGs were shown to be useful for the specific inhibition of a set of activities of the recA protein, a key protein in homologous genetic recombination. The mapping of the epitopes for these IgGs and site-directed mutagenesis based on the mapping will facilitate location of the functionally active sites on the tertiary structure of the protein, which is being solved by means of physicochemical techniques. We developed a novel technique for region-specified mutagenesis and applied the technique to epitope mapping. Using the polymerase chain reaction in the presence of deoxyinosine triphosphate, we introduced random base substitutions specifically into a region of the recA gene defined by a pair of primers. RecA mutants exhibiting altered antigenicity were selected, in plaque-immunoblotting experiments, from libraries of mutagenized recA genes constructed on the lambda gt11 expression vector. Mutant recA genes were obtained at the frequency of about 10(-2) among the plaques expressing fused recA genes and then each one was expressed as a whole protein, which was characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analyzing the DNA sequences of the mutant recA genes, we located at the amino acid sequence level the epitopes for two anti-recA IgGs which could not be located in previous studies. One of the antibodies was shown to prevent self-assembly of the recA protein and the other was suggested to inhibit the binding of double-stranded DNA. Thus, the active sites involved in these functions would be located in the space around or near the relevant epitope.
Versatile Three‐Dimensional Porous Cu@Cu<sub>2</sub>O Aerogel Networks as Electrocatalysts and Mimicking Peroxidases (2018)

Abstract A facile strategy is presented to form 3D porous Cu@Cu 2 O aerogel networks by self‐assembling Cu@Cu 2 O nanoparticles with the diameters of ca. 40 nm for constructing catalytic interfaces. Unexpectedly, the prepared Cu@Cu 2 O aerogel networks display excellent electrocatalytic activity to glucose oxidation at a low onset potential of ca. 0.25 V. Moreover, the Cu@Cu 2 O aerogels also can act as mimicking‐enzymes including horseradish peroxidase and NADH peroxidase, and show obvious enzymatic catalytic activities to the oxidation of dopamine (DA), o ‐phenyldiamine (OPD), 3,3,5,5‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), and dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in the presence of H 2 O 2 . These 3D Cu@Cu 2 O aerogel networks are a new class of porous catalytic materials as mimic peroxidases and electrocatalysts and offer a novel platform to construct catalytic interfaces for promising applications in electrochemical sensors and artificial enzymatic catalytic systems.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A MARSUPIAL DNA PHOTOLYASE (1988)

Abstract— Post UV‐B(280–320 nm) exposure to UV‐A(320–400 nm) reverses pyrimidine dimers in the epidermal DNA of the South American opossum Monodelphis domestica [Ley, R. D. (1984) photorepair of pyrimidine dimers in the epidermis of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica. Photochem. Photobiol . 40 ,141–143.] To demonstrate that the observed photorepair is mediated by an enzyme, we have isolated a DNA photolyase from the opossum. DNA photolyase from liver was purified 3000‐fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation and phenylsepharose, hydroxylapatite, DEAE‐cellulose and DNA‐cellulose column chromatography. Heat denaturation (60°C for 4 min) completely eliminated the photoreactivating activity. The enzyme was active in the pH range of 5.5 to 8.5 with a pH optimum of 7.5. The enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of 32 000 under nondenaturing conditions. The activity of the enzyme was not affected by sodium chloride up to 250 m M . The action spectrum for the purified DNA photolyase showed activity in the range of325–475 nm with peak actvity at 375 nm.
Use of nitric oxide inhalation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2000)

NO at a concentration of 25 ppm blended with oxygen can be safely administered by nasal cannula for 24 hours without significant adverse effects and lowers PVR in stable patients with COPD receiving long term oxygen therapy.
Band-engineered Ge for Si-based Light Emitter (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Field‐Scale Variability in Optimal Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate for Corn (2005)

Applying only as much N fertilizer as is needed by a crop has economic and environmental benefits. Understanding variability in need for N fertilizer within individual fields is necessary to guide approaches to meeting crop needs while minimizing N inputs and losses. Our objective was to characterize the spatial variability of corn ( Zea mays L.) N need in production corn fields. Eight experiments were conducted in three major soil areas (Mississippi Delta alluvial, deep loess, claypan) over 3 yr. Treatments were field‐length strips of discrete N rates from 0 to 280 kg N ha −1 . Yield data were partitioned into 20‐m increments, and a quadratic‐plateau function was used to describe yield response to N rate for each 20‐m section. Economically optimal N fertilizer rate (EONR) was very different between fields and was also highly variable within fields. Median EONR for individual fields ranged from 63 to 208 kg N ha −1 , indicating a need to manage N fertilizer differently for different fields. In seven of the eight fields, a uniform N application at the median EONR would cause more than half of the field to be over‐ or underfertilized by at least 34 kg N ha −1 . Coarse patterns of spatial variability in EONR were observed in some fields, but fine and complex patterns were also observed in most fields. This suggests that the use of a few appropriate management zones per field might produce some benefits but that N management systems using spatially dense information have potential for greater benefits. Our results suggest that further attempts to develop systems for predicting and addressing spatially variable N needs are justified in these production environments.
Hydrogen Gas Absorber Made of MnO<sub>2</sub> Catalyzed with Palladium or Platinum Salts (1978)

In previous papers1)2)an excellent hydrogen gas absorption capability of catalyzed manganese dioxide was reportedand the effective catalysts were Pd-on-carbon Ag200r AgOAmong the MnOsamplesbattery active electrolytic MnO2powders such as Intemational Common Samples No120r33)were the best in perfomance For the reaction between MnOand Hthe
Pitfalls in the design of distributed routing algorithms (1988)

The bridge algorithm adopted by the IEEE 802.1 committee for interconnecting 802 LANs requires the topology of the Extended LAN to be a Spanning Tree. A distributed algorithm to compute a spanning tree dynamically has already been published [1], and adopted by the IEEE 802.1 committee [2]. In this paper, however, we describe an alternative distributed algorithm to compute a spanning tree. This algorithm, variants of which have been implemented, initially appears simpler than the IEEE 802.1 algorithm; we show, however, that it has subtle failure modes that makes it unattractive in practice.
Improving transition delay fault coverage using hybrid scan-based technique (2006)

This paper presents a hybrid scan-based transition delay fault test. The proposed technique controls a small subset of scan cells by launch-off-shift method and the rest by launch-off-capture method. An efficient ATPG-based controllability measurement approach is proposed to select the scan cells to be controlled by launch-off-shift or launch-off-capture. In this technique, local scan enable signals are generated on-chip using two local scan enable generator cells. The cells can be inserted anywhere in a scan chain and the area overhead is negligible. The launch and capture information of scan enable signals are transferred into the scan chain during scan-in process. Our technique improves the fault coverage and reduces the pattern count and the scan enable design effort. The proposed hybrid technique is practice-oriented and implemented using current commercial ATPG tools.
A Micro Workflow Framework for Compositional Object-Oriented Software Development (1999)

For decades workflow technology has been used for process automation. Due to its interdisciplinary nature, researchers with different backgrounds have been adding various features. However, this has produced heavyweight systems with a monolithic architecture. The narrow purpose design of current workflow systems limits their applicability to the applications and domains for which they have been tailored. Consequently, they are difficult to reuse, customize, and integrate with other environments.
Ocean bottom seismic noise attenuation using local attribute matching filter (2011)

Ocean bottom seismic (OBS) acquisition uses dual sensors (hydrophone and geophone) to record both pressure and vector components of the wavefield. Separation of downgoing and upcoming wavefields through combination of the Pressure component (P) and Vertical component (Z) is useful in attenuating the ghost reflection through PZ summation and improving shallow image resolution through mirror migration of PZ difference. In rugged sea‐floor environments, however, the presence of scattered shear energy in the Z‐component of OBS data is a major obstacle to obtaining high quality seismic P‐wave images. Here we use a local attribute matching filter to separate the P‐wave energy from unwanted wave modes which we treat as noise. It is based on a local attribute analysis using the 2D complex wavelet transform and an assumption that hydrophone data doesn't contain the scattered shear energy. The processing flow consists of 3 steps: (1) a 2D complex wavelet transform of geophone Z‐component and hydrophone (P) data; (2) a 5‐dimensional local attribute matching of the Z‐component with the P‐component is done for noise separation. The criterion is that those signals of Z whose attributes match with P are signals and the rest are noise. (3) an inverse 2D complex wavelet transform is performed on the filtered Z‐component to produce the final filtered result. This approach is very adaptive to all kinds of noises with substantial amplitude variation and is very efficient compared to Radon based methods. The effectiveness of this method is illustrated by a field data example in which the geophone Z‐component data's signal noise ratio is significantly improved and a high quality seismic image is obtained.
Maturation of B cell differentiation ability and T cell regulatory function during child growth assessed in a Nocardia water soluble mitogen-driven system. (1981)

Abstract The generation of immunoglobulin-producing cells (Ig-PC) in peripheral blood lymphocytes from cord blood and healthy children of various ages was assessed in an in vitro culture system stimulated for 7 days with Nocardia water soluble mitogen (NWSM), a polyclonal B cell activator. Ig-PC were determined by staining intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins with fluorescein-conjugated monovalent antisera against human IgG, IgM, and IgA. On stimulation with NWSM, cord blood lymphocytes produced a significant number of Ig-PC of IgM class, about one-sixth that of adult controls. But the ability of lymphocytes to differentiate into IgM-PC rapidly reached levels as high as or greater than adult controls at 1 mo of life or later. The generation of IgG-PC as well as IgA-PC, which were hardly seen in the NWSM-stimulated cultures of cord blood lymphocytes, increased gradually with age and reached adult level by the age of 5 yr or later. The B cell-enriched population (B cells) itself, prepared by reducing numbers of T cells with E-rosette sedimentation procedures, responded to NWSM with greatly reduced production of Ig-PC. When cord T or adult T cells were added to cord B cells at a T:B ratio of 7:3, the generation of IgM-PC in cord B cells increased significantly. Such helper activity of cord T cells for IgM-PC production in cord B cells was roughly half that of adult T cells. Neither significant induction in IgG-PC nor in IgA-PC was observed in cord B cells by addition of adult T or cord T cells. On the other hand, the generation of Ig-PC in adult B cells was markedly enhanced with regard to all 3 classes of immunoglobulins by the addition of either adult T or cord T cells. Addition of cord T cells enhanced the generation of IgM-PC in adult B cells about as much as did adult T cells. But the helper effect by cord T cells for IgG-PC or IgA-PC generation appeared to be about one-third of that exerted by the same number of adult T cells. These results indicate that in this system, the potential of human B cells to differentiate into IgM production seems to be mature at birth, but helper activity of T cells for IgM production was rather low shortly after birth and matured rapidly during neonatal period. But both B cell differentiation capacity and T cell helper function for IgG-and IgA-production were still immature at birth and gradually increased with advancing age.
Augmented and alternative NLP techniques for augmentative and alternative communication (1997)

Current communication devices designed for non-speaking users are inadequate to support conversation because the speed with which a user can input information is typically very limited. We describe some practical work on word prediction, and discuss its limitations as a technique for speeding up free text entry. We then outline an alternative approach, currently under development, which combines prediction with a constrained technique for natural language generation. 1 Introduction The work described in this paper concerns the communication needs of people who cannot speak because of motor disabilities. It is possible to build prosthetic devices for such users by linking a suitable physical interface with a speech synthesizer, so that text or other symbolic input can be converted to speech. However, while speech rates in normal conversation are around 150-200 words per minute (wpm), and skilled typists can achieve rates of 30-40 wpm 1 , conditions which impair physical ability to sp...