gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of two human pancreatic elastases (1976)

Two proteases with elastolytic activity (elastases 1 and 2) have been isolated from activated extracts of human pancreatic tissue. The purification procedure for both elastases included ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50. Elastase 1 was further purified by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The homogeneity of both enzymes was demonstrated by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration, analytical polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis at pH 2.3, 4.5, and 8.3, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.3. Both enzymes hydrolyzed undyed elastin as well as Remazol brilliant blue elastin and Congo red elastin. Activities and kinetic parameters using several synthetic substrates are also reported. The enzymes were further characterized in terms of molecular weight, amino acid composition, and N-terminal and penultimate amino acid residues. Their inhibition by the human serum protease inhibitors alpha2-macroglobulin and alpha1-antitrypsin was also studied. Elastase 1 appears to be very similar to human protease E (Mallory, P. A., and Travis, J. (1975), Biochemistry 14, 722). Elastase 2 is distinct from all human pancreatic proteases which have been characterized to date.
Capacitance study of thin film SnO2 :F/p-type a-Si:H heterojunctions (2011)

We characterized SnO2:F/p-type a-Si:H heterojunctions by current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements at room temperature to determine the junction parameters. Samples with circular geometry and different diameters were characterized. The current scales with the junction area, and the current density J as a function of the voltage V is a slightly asymmetric curve with a super-linear behaviour (cubic law) for high voltages. Using a transmission line model valid for devices with circular geometry, we studied the effects of the SnO2:F resistivity on the measured capacitance when the SnO2:F layer works as an electrical contact. The measured C-V curve allows us to determine junction parameters as doping of p-type a-Si:H, built-in potential and depletion width for the heterojunction with the smallest diameters, demonstrating that for these samples the TCO effects can be neglected. We compared theoretical and measured data to explain qualitatively the transport mechanism in this heterojunction.
Global Phosphoproteome Profiling Reveals Unanticipated Networks Responsive to Cisplatin Treatment of Embryonic Stem Cells (2011)

Cellular responses to DNA-damaging agents involve the activation of various DNA damage signaling and transduction pathways. Using quantitative and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry, we determined global changes in protein level and phosphorylation site profiles following treatment of SILAC (stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture)-labeled murine embryonic stem cells with the anticancer drug cisplatin. Network and pathway analyses indicated that processes related to the DNA damage response and cytoskeleton organization were significantly affected. Although the ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (ATM and Rad3-related) consensus sequence (S/T-Q motif) was significantly overrepresented among hyperphosphorylated peptides, about half of the >2-fold-upregulated phosphorylation sites based on the consensus sequence were not direct substrates of ATM and ATR. Eleven protein kinases mainly belonging to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family were identified as being regulated in their kinase domain activation loop. The biological importance of three of these kinases (cyclin-dependent kinase 7 [CDK7], Plk1, and KPCD1) in the protection against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity was demonstrated by small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown. Our results indicate that the cellular response to cisplatin involves a variety of kinases and phosphatases not only acting in the nucleus but also regulating cytoplasmic targets, resulting in extensive cytoskeletal rearrangements. Integration of transcriptomic and proteomic data revealed a poor correlation between changes in the relative levels of transcripts and their corresponding proteins, but a large overlap in affected pathways at the levels of mRNA, protein, and phosphoprotein. This study provides an integrated view of pathways activated by genotoxic stress and deciphers kinases that play a pivotal role in regulating cellular processes other than the DNA damage response.
Adaptive Wireless Transceivers: Turbo-Coded, Turbo-Equalized and Space-Time Coded TDMA, CDMA and OFDM Systems (2002)

Adaptive Wireless Transceivers provides the reader with a broad overview of near-instantaneously adaptive transceivers in the context of TDMA, CDMA and OFDM systems. The adaptive transceivers examined employ powerful turbo codecs, turbo equalisers and space-time codecs, equipping the reader with a future-proof technological road map. It demonstrates that adaptive transceivers are capable of mitigating the channel quality fluctuations of the wireless channel as a lower-complexity alternative to space-time coding. By contrast, if the higher complexity of multiple transmitters and multiple receiver-assisted systems is deemed acceptable, the advantages of adaptability erode. • Provides an in-depth introduction to channel equalisers and Kalman filtering and discusses the associated complexity versus performance trade-offs • Introduces wideband near-instantaneously adaptive transceivers and studies their performance both with and without turbo channel coding • Describes how to optimise adaptive modulation mode switching and highlights a range of practical considerations • Introduces neural network based channel equalisers and discusses Radial Basis Function (RBF) assisted equalisers embedded into adaptive modems supported by turbo channel coding and turbo channel equalisation • Employs the above adaptive principles also in the context of CDMA and OFDM transceivers and discusses the pros and cons of space-time coding versus adaptive modulation Researchers, advanced students and practising development engineers working in wireless communications will all find this valuable text an informative read.
Photoaffinity Labeling in Drug Discovery and Developments: Chemical Gateway for Entering Proteomic Frontier (2002)

One of the major events occurring at biological interfaces is the specific recognition of bioactive ligands by their receptor proteins. The elucidation of interacting partners is an immediate entrance into the discovery of medicinal leads. The method of photoaffinity labeling enables the direct probing of target protein through a covalent bond introduced between a ligand and its specific receptor. Thus, the photoaffinity labeling is applied in two stages of drug discovery and development processes. First, the method is useful for the screening of early leads. If the binding site analysis of target protein is important for defining a particular pharmacophore, the photoaffinity labeling will give the structural information at the contact point of drugs with receptors. Second, emerging new technologies, combinatorial chemistry, recombinant DNA techniques, and high-throughput analysis, are extending the potential of photoaffinity labeling to become a rapid and more sensitive means for the identification of drug-receptor pairs as well as the elucidation of molecular recognition mechanism at drug-receptor interfaces. This review focuses on several recent impacts of photoaffinity labeling as a useful tool for drug discovery and developments.
A functional analysis of the pyrimidine catabolic pathway in Arabidopsis (2009)

* Reductive catabolism of pyrimidine nucleotides occurs via a three-step pathway in which uracil is degraded to beta-alanine, CO(2) and NH(3) through sequential activities of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.1.2, PYD1), dihydropyrimidinase (EC 3.5.2.2, PYD2) and beta-ureidopropionase (EC 3.5.1.6, PYD3). * A proposed function of this pathway, in addition to the maintenance of pyrimidine homeostasis, is the recycling of pyrimidine nitrogen to general nitrogen metabolism. PYD expression and catabolism of [2-(14)C]-uracil are markedly elevated in response to nitrogen limitation in plants, which can utilize uracil as a nitrogen source. * PYD1, PYD2 and PYD3 knockout mutants were used for functional analysis of this pathway in Arabidopsis. pyd mutants exhibited no obvious phenotype under optimal growing conditions. pyd2 and pyd3 mutants were unable to catabolize [2-(14)C]-uracil or to grow on uracil as the sole nitrogen source. By contrast, catabolism of uracil was reduced by only 40% in pyd1 mutants, and pyd1 seedlings grew nearly as well as wild-type seedlings with a uracil nitrogen source. These results confirm PYD1 function and suggest the possible existence of another, as yet unknown, activity for uracil degradation to dihydrouracil in this plant. * The localization of PYD-green fluorescent protein fusions in the plastid (PYD1), secretory system (PYD2) and cytosol (PYD3) suggests potentially complex metabolic regulation.
REVIEWS (1965)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access CRIMINAL LAW: PROBLEMS FOR DECISION IN THE PROMULGATION, INVOCATION AND ADMINISTRATION OF A LAW OF CRIME. By RICHARD C. DONNELLY, JOSEPH GOLDSTEIN AND RICHARD D. SCHWARTZ. [New York: Free Press of Glencoe. 1962. xxvi and 1,169 pp. (with tables and index). $15.] D. A. Thomas D. A. Thomas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 5, Issue 4, October 1965, Pages 445–447, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048876 Published: 01 October 1965
Oral manifestations of systemic disease (1980)

Introduction and biological basis psychosomatic disorders single gene disorders primary immuno-deficiencies secondary immuno-deficiencies immunologically mediated disease connective tissue and granulomatous diseases of doubtful origin nutritional disorders oral effects of ageing systemic infections internal malignancy systemic pharmacotherapy dental manifestations of systemic disease peridontal manifestations of systemic disease diseases of the skin endocrine disorders skeletal diseases diseases of blood and blood-forming diseases of the nervous system cardiovascular and renal diseases diseases of the respiratory tract diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract therapeutic measures in oral medicine.
Multi-User MIMO Detection for Enhanced High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) (2006)

Low-complexity multi-user MIMO detector of QAM signals based on long scrambling codes is proposed for HSUPA to improve its capacity and handle the near-far problem. Furthermore, additional block-interleaving connecting spreading and scrambling is designed in the physical layer of HSUPA for better orthogonality between users. Simulations show the efficiency of this enhancement, which ensures it a promising technique for HSUPA
The development and use of a high frequency horizontal sonar to monitor channel catfish in shallow water commercial aquaculture ponds (2002)

With increasing seafood demand and a declining capture in offshore fisheries, aquaculture is poised to become a major growth industry in the United States in the 21st century. A major portion of the costs associated with raising channel catfish is related to the cost of feed and aeration. These costs are directly related to the total number of fish being raised in each pond. Unfortunately, at the present time a pond would have to be totally harvested to get an accurate inventory. An alternate technique, discussed here, is the use of a high frequency (420 kHz) horizontally scanning sonar to size and count the fish in a pond. Commercial catfish ponds range in size 0.04 to 7.2 hectares. The most desirable size is about 4 hectares. These ponds will typically be about 100 m in length and 1 to 2 m in depth. This sonar is capable of 1 cm range resolution combined with an approximately 100 m maximum range. Results from field tests will be presented to show the systems effectiveness in determining the number and possibly size distribution of commercial catfish ponds. In addition design considerations and operating parameters for the shallow water environment will be discussed.
A high bit rate transmission technique in mobile radio cellular environment (2003)

A transmission technique using four-level quadrature amplitude modulation and decision feedback sequence estimation (DFSE) has been studied to find the maximum achievable bit rate in a mobile communication channel. The work was performed to design the radio subsystem for the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) within the RACE 1043 Mobile Project. After a brief description of the technique for a time division multiple access system (TDMA), the author presents simulations on bit error rate (BER) at the receiver output as a function of E/sub b//N/sub 0/ or C/I. Better performances and shorter TDMA blocks are observed. Performances are further improved by using a prefilter prior to the DFSE which turns the channel impulse response into a minimum phase response.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
VON BELEUCHTUNGSSYSTEM ZUM INNENRAUMMODUL (1997)

Vorgestellt wird das Lichtmodul Celis der Firma Hella KG. Celis ist ein eigenstaendiges Beleuchtungsmodul im Gesamtsystem Tuer. Nach bisherigen Erfahrungen ist das System in jeder Tuerverkleidung oder Instrumententafel einsetzbar. Bezueglich der Integrierbarkeit von Celis in das Montagemodul wird erlaeutert, dass die innovative Innenbeleuchtung vollstaendig vormontierbar ist. Es entstehen daher fuer den Automobilhersteller geringe Entwicklungs- und keinerlei eigene Logistikaufwendungen. Als Lichtquelle kommen in der Regel konventionelle Gluehlampen mit einer Leistungsaufnahme von 3 und 6 W zum Einsatz. Die Leistung kann jedoch bei unguenstiger Innenausstattung oder auf besonderen Kundenwunsch auch ueber 10 bis hin zu 20 W gesteigert werden. Eine Alternative zu Gluehlampen in einem Lichtmodul ist der Einsatz von LEDs, entweder in Form mehrerer funktionsbezogener Einzellichtquellen oder als Lichtleitsystem mit einer einzigen LED in einer entsprechend gestalteten Einkoppeleinheit.
Automatic extraction of data points and text blocks from 2-dimensional plots in digital documents (2008)

Two dimensional plots (2-D) in digital documents on the web are an important source of information that is largely under-utilized. In this paper, we outline how data and text can be extracted automatically from these 2-D plots, thus eliminating a time consuming manual process. Our information extraction algorithm identifies the axes of the figures, extracts text blocks like axes-labels and legends and identifies data points in the figure. It also extracts the units appearing in the axes labels and segments the legends to identify the different lines in the legend, the different symbols and their associated text explanations. Our algorithm also performs the challenging task of separating out overlapping text and data points effectively. Our experiments indicate that these techniques are computationally efficient and provide acceptable accuracy.
Infrared Spectroscopy (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared SpectroscopyRobert C. GoreCite this: Anal. Chem. 1958, 30, 4, 570–579Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50163a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50163a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Processing-in-Memory for Energy-Efficient Neural Network Training: A Heterogeneous Approach (2018)

Neural networks (NNs) have been adopted in a wide range of application domains, such as image classification, speech recognition, object detection, and computer vision. However, training NNs - especially deep neural networks (DNNs) - can be energy and time consuming, because of frequent data movement between processor and memory. Furthermore, training involves massive fine-grained operations with various computation and memory access characteristics. Exploiting high parallelism with such diverse operations is challenging. To address these challenges, we propose a software/hardware co-design of heterogeneous processing-in-memory (PIM) system. Our hardware design incorporates hundreds of fix-function arithmetic units and ARM-based programmable cores on the logic layer of a 3D die-stacked memory to form a heterogeneous PIM architecture attached to CPU. Our software design offers a programming model and a runtime system that program, offload, and schedule various NN training operations across compute resources provided by CPU and heterogeneous PIM. By extending the OpenCL programming model and employing a hardware heterogeneity-aware runtime system, we enable high program portability and easy program maintenance across various heterogeneous hardware, optimize system energy efficiency, and improve hardware utilization.
Early increase precedes a depletion of VIP and PGP‐9.5 in the skin of insulin‐dependent diabetics—correlation between quantitative immunohistochemistry and clinical assessment of peripheral neuropathy (1993)

Diabetic neuropathy affects both sensory and autonomic peripheral nerve fibres. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is present in autonomic fibres which modulate sweat secretion, while calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is localized to cutaneous sensory fibres. In this study, immunohistochemistry and image analysis were used to assess changes of VIP and CGRP, and of the pan-neuronal marker protein gene-product (PGP)-9.5, in skin biopsies of 18 patients affected by type 1 diabetes (age range 18-46 years) and from seven aged-matched controls. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 (n = 6), with diabetes for 6 months to 3 years; group 2 (n = 5), with the disease for 5-10 years; and group 3 (n = 7), with diabetes for more than 10 years. VIP immunoreactivity (IR) and PGP-9.5-IR were significantly reduced around sweat glands (P < 0.005) in groups 2 and 3. Epidermal CGRP-IR and PGP-9.5-IR were significantly reduced in group 3 (P < 0.05). Twenty-eight per cent (5/18) of all patients showed high VIP-IR around sweat glands (> 95 per cent confidence limits of controls) and all of these patients had diabetes for less than 3 years. Conversely, 55 per cent (10/18) of patients had low VIP-IR (< 5 per cent confidence limit of controls). The latter, compared with the former, showed a significantly longer duration of diabetes (Fisher exact test P = 0.002), presence of clinical autonomic neuropathy (Fisher exact test P = 0.04), and a reduced sural nerve conduction velocity (Fisher exact test P = 0.04). These results suggest that quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of peptide-containing cutaneous nerves allows an objective evaluation of nerve fibre alterations at early stages of diabetes than is currently possible with neurophysiological functional tests.
Integrated control of microactuators and integrated circuits: a new turning approach in MEMS technology (2003)

Advances in micro-machining, micro-, nano- and meso-scale electromechanical devices and integrated circuits (ICs), when combined, provide enabling benefits and capabilities to manufacture microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Critical issues to be solved are to improve power and thermal management, circuitry and actuator/sensor integration, and embedded electronically controlled micro-actuator assemblies. Very large scale integrated circuit and micromachining silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenic technologies have been developed and used to manufacture ICs and micro-actuators. While promising developments have been deployed to fabricate MEMS, a spectrum of challenging problems to be solved remains. In order to improve the performance, the motion control problem must be addressed and solved, particularly in prospective applications of MEMS in aerospace and automotive industry, where microactuators, multistable relays, micro-connectors, micropropulsion, micro-optical systems, as well as active control micro-devices are used. The solution of a spectrum of problems in nonlinear analysis, design and optimization of MEMS lead to the development of superior MEMS. Analytical, numerical, and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the methods and algorithms applied in nonlinear analysis, design, and control.
Nickel-Mediated Regio- and Chemoselective Carboxylation of Alkynes in the Presence of Carbon Dioxide (1999)

Alkynes are carboxylated in a highly regio- and chemoselective manner in the presence of Ni(cod)2, DBU, and CO2 to give the carboxylated products in good yields. The reaction was carried out under very mild conditions (CO2 1 atm, 0 °C) in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of alkynes, conjugated enynes, or diynes. The high selectivity observed in the reaction would be explained in terms of the stability and the reactivity of the intermediates.
Challenges of Multi-Factor Authentication for Securing Advanced IoT Applications (2019)

The unprecedented proliferation of smart devices together with novel communication, computing, and control technologies have paved the way for A-IoT. This development involves new categories of capable devices, such as high-end wearables, smart vehicles, and consumer drones aiming to enable efficient and collaborative utilization within the smart city paradigm. While massive deployments of these objects may enrich people's lives, unauthorized access to said equipment is potentially dangerous. Hence, highly secure human authentication mechanisms have to be designed. At the same time, human beings desire comfortable interaction with the devices they own on a daily basis, thus demanding authentication procedures to be seamless and user-friendly, mindful of contemporary urban dynamics. In response to these unique challenges, this work advocates for the adoption of multi-factor authentication for A-IoT, such that multiple heterogeneous methods - both well established and emerging - are combined intelligently to grant or deny access reliably. We thus discuss the pros and cons of various solutions as well as introduce tools to combine the authentication factors, with an emphasis on challenging smart city environments. We finally outline the open questions to shape future research efforts in this emerging field.
The Influence of Terminal Effect on the Performance of Electrochromic Windows (1990)

A simple theory of potential and current distributions developed elsewhere, based on the parallel‐plate electrochemical cell under linear kinetics, is applied to electrochromic windows. In our case, only the working electrode has appreciable resistance. The model permits a predictive analysis of the effects of operating current density, cell length, and sheet resistance of this transparent electrode on the device's performance in the darkening process. The kinetic data needed in the present analysis were obtained semiempirically. The kinetic data thus obtained and the model serve as a basis for quantifying size limitations on large‐area electrochromic windows.