gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Machine learning and systems for the next frontier in formal verification (2016)

This tutorial covers basics of machine learning, systems and infrastructure considerations for performing machine learning at scale, and applications of machine learning to improve formal verification performance and usability. It starts with blackbox classifier training with gradient descent, and proceeds on to deep network training and simple convolutional neural networks. Next, it discusses how machine learning can be performed at scale, overcoming the performance and throughput limitations of traditional compute and storage systems. Finally, the tutorial describes several ways in which machine learning can be applied for improving formal tools performance and enhancing debug capabilities.
Insulin Pump and CGM Usage in the United States and Germany (2015)

This survey shows interesting differences in real-world use of insulin pumps in 2 large markets, and suggests areas where insulin pumps and CGMs might be improved.
Excavations in Bolivia. W. C. Bennett. (American Museum of Natural History, Anthropological Papers, Vol. 35, No. 4: 329–507, 48 text figs., New York, 1936.) (1937)

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Theoretical study of bubble dynamics in purely viscous fluids (1966)

Abstract This paper analyzes the growth or collapse of a spherical bubble in an incompressible, viscous fluid. Theoretical results include the timewise variations in the bubble size and its growth or collapse rate, the fluid pressure, and the rate of energy dissipation. The analysis is general and may be applied to both Newtonian and non‐Newtonian fluids. A comparison is given for the collapse of the bubble in several viscous fluids.
10 Gbit/s repeaterless transmission over 250 km standard fibre (1996)

The authors demonstrate experimentally 10 Gbit/s repeaterless transmission at 1.55 µm over the record length of 250 km standard singlemode fibre using pre-distorted ASK transmission and a dispersion compensating fibre in the receiver.
Large Scale Plasma Thawing for Factor VIII Recovery (1979)

Freeze dried factor VIII concentrate of intermediate purity is widely accepted as the product of choice in the treatment of haemophilia A, yet supply of this material from National resources is inadequate. Substantial loss of factor VIII can occur during the production process and a point of major loss exists when plasma is thawed for removal of cryoprecipitate. The scale of operation is important since little or no loss occurs on small-volume thawing (i.e. 1-2ml) due to the shorter time of exposure to damaging conditions such as extremes of pH and ionic strength or enzyme attack. To overcome this the rate of thaw must be maximised within the constraint provided by factor VIII solubility, which is temperature dependent. To design a satisfactory process we have used pilot-scale equipment to study continuous thawing, utilising fluid removal for temperature control. For batch thawing of crushed plasma, at a rate of 20 1/hr, plasma temperatures ranged up to 7°C but for continuou thawing remained below 1.2°C. A thawing rate of 80 1/hr has been achieved with the temperature held below 2°C throughout. Plasma pools of up to 150 litres in volume have been handled in this way with a mean residence time of 12 minutes and this has encouraged us to design prototype equipment for use with fresh frozen plasma.
Nanotubular SnO<sub>2</sub> Templated by Cellulose Fibers: Synthesis and Gas Sensing (2005)

SnO2 nanotubular materials were prepared by using a natural cellulosic substance (filter paper) as template, and their morphologies were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cellulose fibers were first coated with SnO2 gel layers by the surface sol−gel process using Sn(OiPr)4 as precursor, followed by calcination in air to give SnO2 nanotubular materials as hollow replicas of natural cellulose fibers. The nanotubes obtained by calcination at 450 °C were amorphous-like and composed of fine particles with sizes smaller than ca. 5 nm. The outer diameters are tens to two hundred nanometers, and wall thicknesses are 10−15 nm. Calcination at 1100 °C yielded tubelike polycrystalline SnO2 nanocages (outer diameter 100−200 nm), which were composed of rutile-phase SnO2 nanocrystallites with sizes of 10−20 nm. The thermal behavior and the crystalline property of the powder obtained from calcination of the as-prepared SnO2 sheet were examined in the temperature range of 300−900 °C. The sizes of the nanoparticle obtained by calcination at 300 and 900 °C were 2.0 and 9.2 nm, respectively, in fair agreement with TEM observation. Calcination temperatures above 500 °C are needed to obtain pure SnO2. A sensor setup was fabricated from the SnO2 nanotube sheet, and the sensor performance was measured for H2, CO, and ethylene oxide. The sensor signal, S, was 16.5 at 450 °C to 100 ppm H2, and was comparable to that of the conventional SnO2 sensor. Finally, the sensor characteristics were discussed in relation to the morphology of the nanotube sheet.
An Integrated RC Oscillator for TOUCH-TONE® Dialing (1968)

A multiple frequency RC oscillator for use in TOUCHTONE® telephones has been made using tantalum films and beam lead silicon devices. The integrated design, equivalent to over 50 discrete components, requires a volume of about four hundredths of a cubic inch. All eight frequencies of the tone generator are initially tuned to 0.1 percent.
Towards more accurate retrieval of duplicate bug reports (2011)

In a bug tracking system, different testers or users may submit multiple reports on the same bugs, referred to as duplicates, which may cost extra maintenance efforts in triaging and fixing bugs. In order to identify such duplicates accurately, in this paper we propose a retrieval function (REP) to measure the similarity between two bug reports. It fully utilizes the information available in a bug report including not only the similarity of textual content in summary and description fields, but also similarity of non-textual fields such as product, component, version, etc. For more accurate measurement of textual similarity, we extend BM25F - an effective similarity formula in information retrieval community, specially for duplicate report retrieval. Lastly we use a two-round stochastic gradient descent to automatically optimize REP for specific bug repositories in a supervised learning manner. We have validated our technique on three large software bug repositories from Mozilla, Eclipse and OpenOffice. The experiments show 10-27% relative improvement in recall rate@k and 17-23% relative improvement in mean average precision over our previous model. We also applied our technique to a very large dataset consisting of 209,058 reports from Eclipse, resulting in a recall rate@k of 37-71% and mean average precision of 47%.
GGTase-I deficiency reduces tumor formation and improves survival in mice with K-RAS–induced lung cancer (2007)

Protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I) is responsible for the posttranslational lipidation of CAAX proteins such as RHOA, RAC1, and cell division cycle 42 (CDC42). Inhibition of GGTase-I has been suggested as a strategy to treat cancer and a host of other diseases. Although several GGTase-I inhibitors (GGTIs) have been synthesized, they have very different properties, and the effects of GGTIs and GGTase-I deficiency are unclear. One concern is that inhibiting GGTase-I might lead to severe toxicity. In this study, we determined the effects of GGTase-I deficiency on cell viability and K-RAS-induced cancer development in mice. Inactivating the gene for the critical beta subunit of GGTase-I eliminated GGTase-I activity, disrupted the actin cytoskeleton, reduced cell migration, and blocked the proliferation of fibroblasts expressing oncogenic K-RAS. Moreover, the absence of GGTase-I activity reduced lung tumor formation, eliminated myeloproliferative phenotypes, and increased survival of mice in which expression of oncogenic K-RAS was switched on in lung cells and myeloid cells. Interestingly, several cell types remained viable in the absence of GGTase-I, and myelopoiesis appeared to function normally. These findings suggest that inhibiting GGTase-I may be a useful strategy to treat K-RAS-induced malignancies.
Device to Device Communication for Internet of Things Ecosystem: An overview (2017)

Device to device (D2D) communication is deemed as an emerging technology to support nextgeneration of cellular networks, it reduces time delay in communication, saves the energy consumption, and offer better spectrum efficiency.The exchange of information between groups of D2D communication connected simultaneously under the umbrella of cellular networks is presented and called internet of things (IoT).The purpose of this paper is to investigate the D2D communication and IoT technology.We present state of the art of these emerging technologies included related works and applications, in conclusion, we present the challenges and new trends of research for the both technologies.
The relationship of serum vitamins A, D, E and LL-37 levels with allergic status, tonsillar virus detection and immune response (2017)

Vitamin D and E levels were associated with less allergic disorders. Vitamin A was linked to antiviral and vitamin D with anti-inflammatory activity. LL-37 and was linked to T regulatory cell effects.
Surviving the passage (2008)

In plants, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) have been implicated in signalling associated with many processes, including cellular differentiation, organ development, cell death and stress/hormone signalling. While MAPK cascades are known to act in the cytosol and the nucleus, sequence analysis of the Arabidopsis MAPK cascade proteins predicts the presence of import signals that would target some of them to other organelles. In vitro uptake experiments confirm the predicted import of an oxidant-responsive MAPKK, AtMKK4, into the chloroplast. Unexpectedly, the imported MKK4 protein was not processed through stromal peptidase-dependent cleavage of the N-terminal signal peptide, thus leaving the pre-protein intact. Nevertheless, the N-terminal region was shown to be essential both for the import process and for the ability of MKK4 to activate its cognate MAPK targets in vivo. MKK4 import also occurred irrespective of the activation status of the kinase. The import of this primarily cytosolic oxidant-stimulated AtMKK4 into the chloroplasts, organelles with high redox fluxes, suggests that one of the functions of MKK4 might be to help coordinate intercompartment responses to cellular redox imbalances.
High-Performance Electron Guns for Color TV - A Comparison of Recent Designs (1979)

In the continuing evolution of high performance electron guns for color TV three newer designs are presently being considered for use in 29-mm neck in-line applications, with a single focus voltage set at 28% of anode. These three are: a high voltage bipotential (or Hi Bi) design, and two hybrid lens designs, a unipotential bipotential (or Uni Bi) and a bipotential unipotential (or Bi Uni).
Pulmonary ventilation‐perfusion MR imaging in clinical patients (2001)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of comprehensive magnetic resonance (MR) assessment of pulmonary perfusion and ventilation in patients. Both oxygen-enhanced ventilation MR images and first-pass contrast-enhanced perfusion MR images were obtained in 16 patients with lung diseases, including pulmonary embolism, lung malignancy, and bulla. Inversion recovery single-shot fast spin-echo images were acquired before and after inhalation of 100% oxygen. The overall success rate of perfusion MR imaging and oxygen-enhanced MR imaging was 94% and 80%, respectively. All patients with pulmonary embolism showed regional perfusion deficits without ventilation abnormality on ventilation-perfusion MR imaging. The results of the current study indicate that ventilation-perfusion MR imaging using oxygen inhalation and bolus injection of MR contrast medium is feasible for comprehensive assessment of pulmonary ventilation-perfusion abnormalities in patients with lung diseases.
Extracellular matrix proteins: A positive feedback loop in lung fibrosis? (2013)

Lung fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. This not only affects tissue architecture and function, but it also influences fibroblast behavior and thus disease progression. Here we describe the expression of elastin, type V collagen and tenascin C during the development of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. We further report in vitro experiments clarifying both the effect of myofibroblast differentiation on this expression and the effect of extracellular elastin on myofibroblast differentiation. Lung fibrosis was induced in female C57Bl/6 mice by bleomycin instillation. Animals were sacrificed at zero to five weeks after fibrosis induction. Collagen synthesized during the week prior to sacrifice was labeled with deuterium. After sacrifice, lung tissue was collected for determination of new collagen formation, microarray analysis, and histology. Human lung fibroblasts were grown on tissue culture plastic or BioFlex culture plates coated with type I collagen or elastin, and stimulated to undergo myofibroblast differentiation by 0-10 ng/ml transforming growth factor (TGF)β1. mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. New collagen formation during bleomycin-induced fibrosis was highly correlated to gene expression of elastin, type V collagen and tenascin C. At the protein level, elastin, type V collagen and tenascin C were highly expressed in fibrotic areas as seen in histological sections of the lung. Type V collagen and tenascin C were transiently increased. Human lung fibroblasts stimulated with TGFβ1 strongly increased gene expression of elastin, type V collagen and tenascin C. The extracellular presence of elastin increased gene expression of the myofibroblastic markers α smooth muscle actin and type I collagen. The extracellular matrix composition changes dramatically during the development of lung fibrosis. The increased levels of elastin, type V collagen and tenascin C are probably the result of increased expression by fibroblastic cells; reversely, elastin influences myofibroblast differentiation. This suggests a reciprocal interaction between fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix composition that could enhance the development of lung fibrosis.
Designed Synthesis of Atom-Economical Pd/Ni Bimetallic Nanoparticle-Based Catalysts for Sonogashira Coupling Reactions (2004)

We synthesized Ni/Pd core/shell nanoparticles from the consecutive thermal decomposition of metal-surfactant complexes. The nanoparticle catalyst was atom-economically applied for various Sonogashira coupling reactions.
Isolation and Characterization of Melanin-Producing ( <i>mel</i> ) Mutants of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> (1980)

Vibrio cholerae strain Htx-3, a hypertoxinogenic mutant of V. cholerae 569B Inaba, produces a dark brown pigment under certain growth conditions, whereas strain 569B does not. We investigated the biochemical basis for this pigment production and the possible relationships between pigmentation and other phenotypic properties in V. cholerae. After mutagenesis of V. cholerae 569B with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, 28 independently derived pigment-forming (mel) mutants were isolated and characterized. The mel mutants frequently differed from wild type in toxinogenicity or motility and occasionally differed in other phenotypic traits. Individual mel mutants differed from wild type both in the amount of toxin produced and in the growth conditions optimal for toxin production. It has not yet been established whether multiple phenotypic changes in individual mel mutants represent pleiotropic effects of single mutations or induction of multiple mutations by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or both. Production of pigment by mel mutants occurred at temperatures from 22 to 40 degrees C, was inhibited by anaerobiosis, and was stimulated by supplementation of growth media with the amino acid precursors of melanin (l-phenylalanine, l-tyrosine, or l-tyrosine plus l-cysteine). The pigment possessed several other properties reported for microbial melanins. We conclude that a biochemical pathway for melanin production is present in V. cholerae, that this pathway cannot be fully expressed in wild-type strain 569B, and that mutations in the gene(s) which we have designated mel can permit hyperproduction of melanin under appropriate conditions.
Comparative evaluation of aging of insulating, material in natural ester and mineral oil (2010)

Aging of transformer insulating material in natural ester insulating oil is compared to that in conventional transformer oil. Aging of insulating paper and insulating oil have been studied by performing accelerated thermal aging test. Sealed aging test vessels containing cooper, laminated core, Kraft paper and insulating oil(natural oil or mineral oil) were aged at 140°C for 500, 1000, 1500 hours. Degradation of insulating paper after aging is determined using mechanical insulating paper after aging is determined using mechanical strength.Also, insulating oils after aging are investigated with total acid number, breakdown voltage and viscosity.Accelerated aging studies demonstrate a slower aging rate for natural ester insulating oil compared to the rate for conventional mineral oil.
Solvent effects in radical copolymerization. I. Acrylamide (1971)

Abstract Acrylamide has been free radical copolymerized with styrene and methyl methacrylate at 70°C in different solvents (dioxane, dioxane/ethanol mixture, ethanol). A strong influence of the solvent on the copolymer compositions has been observed; particularly copolymers richer in acrylamide have always been obtained in dioxane. These results indicate that the nature of the solvent (polarity, dielectric constant etc .) could affect the polarity and the reactivity of the acrylamide double bond as well as the stability of the growing radical. Other factors are also discussed.
Bis(guanidinate) Alkoxide Complexes of Lanthanides: Synthesis, Structures and Use in Immortal and Stereoselective Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters (2008)

A series of new bis(guanidinate) alkoxide Group 3 metal complexes [Ln((Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2)2(OR)] (R=OtBu, Ln=Y, Nd, Sm, Lu; R=OiPr, Ln=Y, Nd, Lu) has been synthesized. X-ray structural determinations revealed that bis(guanidinate) tert-butoxides are monomeric complexes. The isopropoxide complex [Y((Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2)2(OiPr)] undergoes slow decomposition in solution, to afford the unusual dimeric amido complex [(Y((Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2)2(mu-N(iPr)C triple chemical bond N))2]. Complexes [Ln((Me3Si)2NC(NiPr)2)2(OR)] (R=OtBu, Ln=Y, Nd, Sm, Lu; R=OiPr, Ln=Y, Nd, Lu) are active catalysts/initiators for the ROP of rac-lactide and rac-beta-butyrolactone under mild conditions. Most of those polymerizations proceed with a significant degree of control. Bis(guanidinate) alkoxides appear to be well suited for achieving immortal polymerization of lactide, through the introduction of large amounts of isopropanol as a chain-transfer agent. The synthesized complexes are able to promote the stereoselective ROP of rac-beta-butyrolactone to afford syndiotactic poly(hydrobutyrate) through a chain-end control mechanism, while they are surprisingly non-stereoselective for the ROP of lactide under strictly similar conditions.
Projecting Mathematical Curves with Laser Light: A Tribute to Ptolemy (2008)

This paper describes the math and technology required to project a variety of mathematical curves with a computerized laser light control system. The focus is upon creating “large-scale” animated laser projections of roulette or spirograph shapes, such as those found in the epitrochoid, hypotrochoid, epicycloid, and hypocycloid families. The projection process described utilizes a geometric approach that was first presented by the Greek or Egyptian mathematician and astronomer Ptolemy, that of “epicycles.” Examples of these laser images can be viewed at http://spot.colorado.edu/~lessley/. Introduction Many mathematical curves in the epitrochoid, hypotrochoid, epicycloid, and hypocycloid families are beautiful to view. These curves are usually graphed by incorporating such devices as a plotter, printer, or video device. The most common mechanical method for graphing such curves involves a spirograph tool in which a small trace wheel is rotated within a larger stationary wheel. While these techniques produce interesting images, the images are normally rather small and not animated. Creating very large-scale animated images with high-intensity lasers such as those encountered in laser light shows, concerts, or art installations require some unusual graphing and projection strategies. The Problem: Moving from the Spirograph to the Laser Forming a projected pattern of any mathematical curve with a moving laser “dot” is done by “scanning” that dot rapidly with X and Y axes galvanometers through an image path at least sixteen times a second. At this rate, our “persistence of vision” makes the image appear solid. Scanning a laser dot rapidly in a circular pattern creates the appearance of a solid circle in light. Furthermore, in moving the laser dot to draw a series of smaller circles that follow the path of a larger circle (a roulette shape), we see that--unlike the spirograph tool with its static base circle--the trace and base circles rotate simultaneously. When scanning this way, both circles usually possess individual frequency and diameter factors. In terms of geometric patterns, this is similar to what the ancient Greek or Egyptian astronomer/mathematician Ptolemy expressed in his attempt to explain the visual motion of the planets by developing the idea of “epicycles.” Of critical importance in our project was how Ptolemy’s approach could help us create roulette patterns in a slightly different manner than we would normally do with a conventional spirograph tool. His method has the trace circle rotating “on the circumference” of the base circle (not inside or outside of it). Both circles can also maintain differing rotational speeds (frequencies) and directions. In terms of translating the math to electromechanical scanning devices (galvanometers), through summing amplifiers and digital-to-analog converter circuits, this approach is simple and very flexible. Epitrochoid and hypotrochoid formulas can be modified to include special-case curves like the rose and ellipse.
Fault location using wavelets (1998)

This paper describes the use of wavelet transforms for analyzing power system fault transients in order to determine the fault location. Traveling wave theory is utilized in capturing the travel time of the transients along the monitored lines between the fault point and the relay. Time resolution for the high frequency components of the fault transients, is provided by the wavelet transform. This information is related to the travel time of the signals which are already decomposed into their modal components. The aerial mode is used for all fault types, whereas the ground mode is used to resolve problems associated with certain special cases. The wavelet transform is found to be an excellent discriminant for identifying the traveling wave reflections from the fault, irrespective of the fault type and impedance. EMTP simulations are used to test and validate the proposed fault location approach for typical power system faults.
Synthesis of <i>N</i>-[(3<i>S</i>)-2,6-Dioxo-1-(2-phenylethyl)-3-piperidinyl]-(2<i>S</i>)-2-methylbutanamide ((−)-Julocrotine) (2011)

The total synthesis of (-)-julocrotine (1) starting from l-glutamic acid in 41% overall yield is described. The methodology utilizes protection, deprotection, and regioselection (carbonyl differentiation via oxazolidinone) protocols, and glutarimide ring formation is the key step.