gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total synthesis of (+-)-vindoline (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (+-)-vindolineMasayoshi Ando, George Buechi, and Takeshi OhnumaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 23, 6880–6881Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00856a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00856a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1457Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Non-adaptive Group-Testing Aggregate MAC Scheme. (2018)

This paper applies non-adaptive group testing to aggregate message authentication code (MAC) and introduces non-adaptive group-testing aggregate MAC. After formalization of its syntax and security requirements, simple and generic construction is presented, which can be applied to any aggregate MAC scheme formalized by Katz and Lindell in 2008. Then, two instantiations of the construction is presented. One is based on the aggregate MAC scheme by Katz and Lindell and uses addition for tag aggregate. The other uses cryptographic hashing for tag aggregate. Provable security of the generic construction and two instantiations are also discussed.
A 59ns 256K DRAM using LD<sup>3</sup>technology and double level metal (1984)

A 256K NMOS PRAM with a typical read access time of 5911s after RAS at 80 C and at 4.5V, (Figure 1) will be described. Page mode read and write cycles at tester-limited cycle rates of 55ns have been achieved; Figure 2.
DTCAP-a distributed tunable-channel access protocol for multi-channel photonic dual bus networks (2002)

In a multi-channel photonic dual bus network, each unidirectional bus contains a number of channels (wavelengths) and the bus headend periodically generates fixed length slots on each of the channels. Generally, one channel called the control channel is used to carry signals and the others are data channels. Each station is equipped with one-fixed-transmitter and one fixed-receiver which are permanently tuned to the dedicated control channel, and n tunable-transmitters and m tunable-receivers are tunable over the entire wavelength range. For non-overlapping traffic in the network, the maximum network throughput will be achieved by applying the wavelength reusing concept. Given a set of serving traffic, a set of new traffic requests, and c data channels (wavelengths), the wavelength/receiver assignment problem ((n, m, c)-WRAP) is to assign a transmission wavelength and a receiver for each request such that the network throughput is maximized and the number of assigned wavelengths is minimized. In this paper, we prove that the (n, m, c)-WRAP is NP-hard. An efficient distributed tunable-channel access protocol (DTCAP) is proposed for the (1, m, c)-WRAP. Based on the DTCAP, three different schemes are proposed for assigning the wavelength/receiver. The performance of the three proposed schemes on the DTCAP are evaluated and compared by simulation. Simulation results demonstrate that for a limited number of wavelengths and receivers, the proposed schemes substantially improve the network throughput and access delay under general traffic demands.
Noise-equivalent power characterization of an uncooled microbolometer-based THz imaging camera (2011)

A THz camera based on an uncooled microbolometer 160X120 pixel array with nominal pitch of 52 μm has been developed at INO and initial transmission and reflection images showed promise. In the present paper, the characterization of both standard infrared and THz-optimized uncooled microbolometer pixel arrays are presented at both infrared and THz wavelengths. Measurements in the THz region has been performed using non-uniform low-power quantum-cascade laser (QCL) and uniform high-power far-infrared laser (FIR laser) beams at 3 THz and 4.25 and 2.54 THz, respectively. A measurement comparison has been achieved in the infrared using a blackbody radiation. Different methods for noise-equivalent power (NEP) measurements have been investigated. These characterization methods are promising especially for non-uniform laser beams irradiated on pixel arrays. The NEP results obtained from the different methods are in good agreement independent of the method used in the experiments. The results show a high sensitivity of the THz-optimized pixel array in the THz region. Large beam area reflection imaging of obscured materials at 2.54 THz have been performed at video rates of 30 frames per second using the THz-optimized pixel array equipped with a semi-custom fast THz objective, proving that the INO THz camera provides a promising solution for stand-alone imaging systems.
An Implementation of IEEE 1588 Over IEEE 802.11b for Synchronization of Wireless Local Area Network Nodes (2007)

IEEE 1588 is a new standard to synchronize independent clocks running on separate nodes of a distributed measurement and control system. It is intended for high-accuracy implementations on compact systems such as a single subnet. This paper examines potential accuracy limitations introduced by the physical layer of the IEEE 802.11b wireless local area network. Experimental results are presented that show that these limitations do not preclude clock-synchronization accuracy of several hundred nanoseconds.
Comparative Evaluation of Initial and New Versions of the Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test for Direct Detection of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in Respiratory and Nonrespiratory Specimens (1998)

We evaluated the initial version of the Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test (Gen-Probe) (AMTDT 1) and the new version of AMTDT (AMTDT 2) for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis directly from respiratory and nonrespiratory samples and compared the results with those of culture and staining methods. The assays were applied to 410 respiratory and 272 nonrespiratory samples collected from 515 patients. The combination of the culture results and clinical diagnosis was considered to be the "gold standard." Ninety-five respiratory specimens were collected from 67 patients with a diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and 68 nonrespiratory specimens were collected from 61 patients with a diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB. With respiratory specimens, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 83, 100, 100, and 96%, respectively, for AMTDT 1 and 94.7, 100, 100, and 98.4%, respectively, for AMTDT 2. With nonrespiratory specimens, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 83, 100, 100, and 94%, respectively, for AMTDT 1 and 86.8, 100, 100, and 98.4%, respectively, for AMTDT 2. The overall results of AMTDT 1 and AMTDT 2 were concordant for 97% (661 of 682) of the samples. Statistically significant differences in sensitivities were found between AMTDT 1 and AMTDT 2 with respiratory specimens. It was concluded that although both nucleic acid amplification methods are rapid, sensitive, and specific for the detection of M. tuberculosis complex in all types of clinical samples, AMTDT 2 appeared to be more sensitive than AMTDT 1 when applied to smear-negative specimens. In contrast AMTDT 2 is more susceptible than AMTDT 1 to inhibitory substances in the amplification reaction. The turnaround time of AMTDT 2 is shorter (3.5 h) than that for AMTDT 1 (5 h).
Assays for the detection of recent infections with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (2008)

The Serological Testing Algorithm for Recent HIV Seroconversion (STARHS) is a generic term for several laboratory techniques that can be used to differentiate recent from long standing infections with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). There are several other approaches that identify acute seroconverters, but STARHS methods are distinguished by their ability to identify infections that occurred during an extended period of 4-6 months prior to sampling. While the STARHS techniques have been employed on an individual basis, their main usefulness lies in the potential of estimating the rate of acquisition of new HIV infection, or incidence, in a population by application to cross-sectional sero-surveys. This is substantially simpler and less expensive than cohort studies. As such, STARHS techniques facilitate the timely monitoring of the impact on HIV incidence of factors such as interventions, demographic factors and behavioural patterns. The major STARHS techniques currently available are described. Furthermore, the principles behind the methods used are discussed and the limitations of the current assays and the confounding factors that may affect assay specificity are described. A model algorithm for the application of a STARHS assay is shown. Finally, we outline recommendations for laboratory quality systems that will improve the efficiency of STARHS testing, reproducibility of results and reliability of incidence estimates.
Mutations for decreasing the immunogenicity and maintaining the function of core streptavidin (2012)

The defining property of core streptavidin (cSA) is not only its high binding affinity for biotin but also its pronounced thermal and chemical stability. Although potential applications of these properties including therapeutic methods have prompted much biological research, the high immunogenicity of this bacterial protein is a key obstacle to its clinical use. To this end, we have successfully constructed hypoimmunogenic cSA muteins in a previous report. However, the effects of these mutations on the physicochemical properties of muteins were still unclear. These mutations retained the similar electrostatic charges to those of wild-type (WT) cSA, and functional moieties with similar hydrogen bond pattern. Herein, we performed isothermal titration calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to gain insight into the physicochemical properties and functions of these modified versions of cSA. The results indicated that the hypoimmunogenic muteins retained the biotin-binding function and the tetramer structure of WT cSA. In addition, we discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the success of these mutations in achieving both immune evasion and retention of function; these mechanisms might be incorporated into a new strategy for constructing hypoimmunogenic proteins.
Heterocyclic N-Oxides and N-Imides (1992)

Heterocyclic N-oxides and N-imides show a variety of fascinating reactions.This review exemplifies their preparation, discusses their structures, and considers some of their reactions.
The Internet Standards Process -- Revision 3 (1996)

This memo documents the process used by the Internet community for the standardization of protocols and procedures. It defines the stages in the standardization process, the requirements for moving a document between stages and the types of documents used during this process. It also addresses the intellectual property rights and copyright issues associated with the standards process.
Antitumor Effects on Mouse Melanoma Elicited by Local Secretion of Interleukin-12 and Their Enhancement by Treatment with Interleukin-18 (2000)

To investigate the mechanism of the antitumor effect of locally secreted interleukin-12 (IL-12), we introduced the IL-12 p35 and p40 cDNAs into mouse B16 melanoma cells. IL-12 gene-transfected B16 melanoma (B16/IL12) showed marked retardation of tumor growth when implanted subcutaneously into syngeneic mice. In these mice, depletion of not only Natural Killer (NK) cells but also CD8+ T cells diminished the antitumor effect of locally secreted IL-12. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that NK cells and macrophages accumulated more densely at the center and periphery of B16/IL12 tumors than that of parental B16 tumors, whereas CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells accumulated sparsely only at the periphery of both transfected and untransfected tumors. Systemic treatment with interleukin-18 (IL-18) markedly inhibited the growth of B16/IL12 but did not influence the tumor growth of parental B16 cells in vivo. These results suggest that local IL-12 secretion can retard the growth of B16 melanoma mediated primarily by NK cells and indirectly by CD8+ T cells and that its antitumor effect is augmented by systemic treatment with the novel cytokine IL-18.
Impact-ionization theory consistent with a realistic band structure of silicon (1992)

We investigate impact-ionization processes in Si with use of a realistic band structure. The band structure and the corresponding wave functions, obtained with an empirical pseudopotential method, are used to evaluate the matrix elements for the ionization transitions. The matrix element includes the direct and the exchange terms with the umklapp terms associated with the periodic part of the Bloch function. It is shown that these ionization processes are IinherentlyP anisotropic and that it is crucial to take account of this anisotropy in analyzing the ionization processes. The anisotropy (wave-vector dependence) of the ionization probability is manifested through the strong restrictions imposed by energy and the momentum conservation during the transition under a realistic band structure.
A novel compact-size branch-line coupler (2005)

A novel compact-size branch-line coupler without any implementation of lumped-elements, bonding wires, and via holes is proposed. In this study, the size of the proposed coupler occupied only 45% of the conventional branch-line coupler at 2.4GHz. The performances of the circuit can be competed with the conventional coupler. The element sizes of this coupler can be realized easily by using simply standard printed-circuit-board etching processes. It is very useful for applications in the wireless communication systems.
Oral Health Risk Assessment Timing and Establishment of the Dental Home (2003)

Early childhood dental caries has been reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to be perhaps the most prevalent infectious disease of our nation's children. Early childhood dental caries occurs in all racial and socioeconomic groups; however, it tends to be more prevalent in low-income children, in whom it occurs in epidemic proportions. Dental caries results from an overgrowth of specific organisms that are a part of normally occurring human flora. Human dental flora is site specific, and an infant is not colonized until the eruption of the primary dentition at approximately 6 to 30 months of age. The most likely source of inoculation of an infant's dental flora is the mother or another intimate care provider, through shared utensils, etc. Decreasing the level of cariogenic organisms in the mother's dental flora at the time of colonization can significantly impact the child's predisposition to caries. To prevent caries in children, high-risk individuals must be identified at an early age (preferably high-risk mothers during prenatal care), and aggressive strategies should be adopted, including anticipatory guidance, behavior modifications (oral hygiene and feeding practices), and establishment of a dental home by 1 year of age for children deemed at risk.
World oilseeds: chemistry, technology, and utilization (1992)

Soybean. Rapeseed. Sunflower. Peanut. Oil palm. Cotton. Coconut. Safflower. Sesame. Corn (maize). Rice. Minor oilseeds. Unexploited sources of oil. Non-edible oilseeds. World oilseeds. Future prospects.
The effect of animated transitions in zooming interfaces (2008)

Zooming interfaces use animated transitions to smoothly shift the users view between different scales of the workspace. Animated transitions assist in preserving the spatial relationships between views. However, they also increase the overall interaction time. To identify whether zooming interfaces should take advantage of animations, we carried out one experiment that explores the effects of smooth transitions on a spatial task. With metro maps, users were asked to identify the number of metro stops between different subway lines with and without animated zoom-in/out transitions. The results of the experiment show that animated transitions can have significant benefits on user performance - participants in the animation conditions were twice as fast and overall made fewer errors than in the non-animated conditions. In addition, short animations were found to be as effective as long ones, suggesting that some of the costs of animations can be avoided. Users also preferred interacting with animated transitions than without. Our study gives empirical evidence on the benefits of animated transitions in zooming interfaces.
Differential expression of allograft inflammatory factor 1 and of glutathione peroxidase during auto- and allograft response in marine sponges (1999)

Very recently, Porifera (sponges) have been proven to be suitable model systems to study auto- and allograft recognition at the molecular level. Several potential immune molecules have been isolated from the marine sponges Suberites domuncula and Geodia cydonium, among them those which comprise Ig-like domains in their extracellular part. Here we report on the isolation of two cDNAs from S. domuncula that code for molecules involved in mammals in cytokine-mediated graft response; a putative allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1) and a non-selenium glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Both polypeptides share high similarity with the corresponding mammalian proteins. The expression of the two genes during auto- and allograft recognition in S. domuncula and G. cydonium was determined. It is shown that the expression of the AIF-1-related gene is upregulated only in allografts, while the GPX-related gene is expressed in the fusion zones formed between auto- as well as allografts. Taken together, these findings suggest that besides cell-mediated defense reactions a cytokine-dependent immune response is also elicited during graft recognition in sponges.
Demonstration of Decentralized Physics-Driven Learning (2022)

Leveraging physical processes rather than a central processor is key to building machine learning systems that are massively scalable, robust to damage, and energy-efficient, like the brain. To achieve these features, the authors build an electrical network made of identical resistive edges that self-adjust based on local conditions in order to minimize an energy-based global cost function when shown training examples. Problems like regression and data classification are successfully solved by this network. Due to their energy efficiency and scaling advantages, future versions may one day compete with computational neural networks.
Key considerations in the development of defect sampling methodologies (2002)

This paper presents the key factors that need to be considered for building an intelligent defect sampling plan for in-line process monitoring in a wafer fab. The methodology is illustrated through examples based on the real data collected from two AMD fabs. The problem is to find the number of lots and wafers per lot to sample at critical process layers for in-line wafer inspection. The objective is to detect and eliminate the yield-limiting process excursions at a minimum cost. Key considerations in building the optimal sampling plan include: separation of clusters in the in-line defect data for reducing the noise, analysis of variance to explain and model the variations across lots and among wafers within a lot, computation of excursion frequencies and their magnitude and estimation of yield loss using approaches such as kill ratio of different defect types. Other important fab considerations include maturity of process technology, number of devices and the product mix, inspection capacity, and costs.
Phase-shifted long-period fiber gratings: a numerical investigation (2003)

The transmission characteristics of phase-shifted long-period fiber gratings are examined numerically using a combination of coupled-mode theory and transfer matrix method. It is shown that the transmission characteristics of such a grating can be controlled by the phase shift value and its location in the grating. Responses at different points along the grating are also studied.
Powertrain Systems Definition Process (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The pressures on the Automotive Industry from both future legislation and customer requirements mean that major changes in Powertrain and Vehicle Systems matching will be needed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper reviews some possible future technologies and describes the process by which the often mutually exclusive total vehicle performance objectives can best be satisfied.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In conclusion the paper includes a brief case study showing a proposed solution to a set of possible future vehicle performance and fuel economy objectives.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The process is based on empirical data, experience and w-here appropriate, analytical techniques.</div>
Differential scanning calorimetry techniques: applications in biology and nanoscience. (2010)

This paper reviews the best-known differential scanning calorimetries (DSCs), such as conventional DSC, microelectromechanical systems-DSC, infrared-heated DSC, modulated-temperature DSC, gas flow-modulated DSC, parallel-nano DSC, pressure perturbation calorimetry, self-reference DSC, and high-performance DSC. Also, we describe here the most extensive applications of DSC in biology and nanoscience.
[Expression in Escherichia coli of hybrid genes containing sequences coding the bovine adrenocorticotropic hormone]. (1990)

E. coli strains producing a hybrid protein, containing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and protein A of S. aureus was obtained. The sequence coding for ACTH was obtained from the bovine proopiomelanocortin cDNA and, after the modification of the 5'- and 3'-terminal parts, was linked with the protein A gene and its derivatives due to synthetic adaptors. Three forms of ACTH gene, coding this hormone with differing N-terminal amino acid were used to construct the fusion gene. The hybrid proteins contain Asp-Pro or (Asp)4-Lys sequences for obtaining ACTH by acid or enterokinase treatment, respectively. It is shown that each of the constructed plasmids direct the synthesis of hybrid protein in E. coli. This protein was purified by the use of IgG-sepharose. The level of the expression of the hybrid protein is 4 mg/l of the bacterial culture. Most of the synthesized protein is secreted into the periplasmic space.