gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated life time testing of fused silica upon ArF laser irradiation (2008)

We report on two approaches to strongly shorten life time testing of fused silica's absoption degradation upon 193 nm laser irradiation. Both approaches are based on enhancing the two photon absorption (TPA) induced generation of E' and NBOH defects centers in fused silica compared to common marathon test irradiation parameters. For the first approach the irradiation fluence is increased from typical values H<1 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> to H=10 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, therefore increasing the peak laser power for a more efficient TPA process. To avoid microchannel formation in the samples, being a common break-down criterion in marathon tests based on transmission measurements, a small sample of 10 mm length is irradiated and the absorption is measured directly by the laser induced deflection (LID) technique. For comparing the experimental results with a real marathon test at H=1.3 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, an experimental grade sample with very low hydrogen content, i.e. fast absorption changes due to reduced defect annealing, is choosen. During the fluence dependent absorption measurements after the prolonged irradiation at H=10 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> it is found, that both experiments reveal very comparable absorption data for H=1.3 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>. For investigating standard material with high hydrogen content, i.e. slow absorption increase due to effective defect annealing, a sample is cooled down to -180 °C in a special designed experimental setup and irradiated at a laser fluence H=10 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>. To control the increase of the defect density and to determine the end of the TPA induced defect generation, the fluorescence at 650 nm of the generated NBOH centers is monitored. Before and after the low temperature experiment, the absorption coefficient is measured directly by LID technique. By applying both, elevated laser fluence and low temperature, the ArF laser induced generation of E' and NBOH centers in the investigated sample is terminated after about 1.2*10<sup>7</sup> laser pulses. Therefore, a strong reduction of irradiation time is achieved in comparison to about 10<sup>10</sup> pulses required in common marathon test applications.
Jitter characterization and accumulation for 591.2 MB/s regenerators (1988)

The design of three different types of regenerators operating at 591.2 MSts is described along with an experimental set-up for measuring their litter performance. The results of measurements on these regenerators are presented, and the accumulation along a chain of regenerators is predicted.
Quantization of the spectral envelope for sinusoidal coders (2002)

In an effort to efficiently code the spectral envelope of speech signals for wideband speech coding based on sinusoidal models, a robust computation of the discrete cepstrum coefficients and their quantization is investigated. A parameterization of the spectral envelope has been proposed which is based on discrete cepstral coefficients using regularization techniques. This paper presents an efficient quantization scheme for these coefficients in order to use them in applications like speech coding. We present results which show a 35% reduction in the bit rate when compared to simple scalar quantization. To verify the efficiency of the proposed quantization schemes, informal listening tests were performed in the context of a sinusoidal coder.
Nano-composite Sensors for Wide Range Measurement of Ligament Strain (2011)

Biological tissues routinely experience large strains and undergo large deformations during normal physiologic activity. In order to quantify this strain, researchers often use optical marker tracking methods which are tedious and difficult. This paper investigates a new technique for quantifying large strain (up to 40%) by use of piezoresistive composite strain gages. The High Displacement Strain Gages (HDSGs) being investigated are manufactured by suspending nickel nanostrands within a biocompatible silicone matrix. The conductive nickel filaments come into progressively stronger electrical contact with each other as the HDSG is strained, thus reducing the electrical resistivity which is measured using conventional techniques. In the present work, HDSGs measured the strain of bovine ligament under prescribed loading conditions. Results demonstrated that HDSGs are an accurate means for measuring ligament strains across a broad spectrum of applied deformations. The technique has application to most biological tissue characterization applications.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors and the Need for Anti-angiogenic Therapeutics (2007)

Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels to form capillary networks, which, among other diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration, is particularly important for tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, depriving a tumor of its vascular supply by means of anti-angiogenic agents has been of great interest since its proposal in the 1970s. This review looks at the common angiogenic inhibitors (angiostatin, endostatin, maspin, pigment epithelium-derived factor, bevacizumab and other monoclonal antibodies, and zoledronic acid) and their current status in clinical trials.
PH Properties of Colloidal Carbon (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPH Properties of Colloidal CarbonWilliam B. WiegandCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1937, 29, 8, 953–956Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50332a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50332a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Tunable feedback resonator based on a nematic liquid crystal cell as variable capacitance (2007)

New liquid crystals applications are being developed apart from optics, imaging and display systems. A liquid crystal cell can be modeled as a nonlinear capacitor, being its capacitance varied as a function of the applied electric field. A feedback resonator composed of a capacitance and an inductance presents an oscillation frequency depending on the value of these components. A tunable feedback resonator based on a nematic liquid crystal cell as variable capacitance is presented. The circuit has been electrically modeled and validated with experimental measurements. Oscillation frequencies in the range of kHz have been obtained for the combination of the inductance and the liquid crystal cell (capacitance) used in the proposed circuit. New applications for this circuit are currently under study.
ATOMIC: An Atlas of Machine Commonsense for If-Then Reasoning (2019)

We present ATOMIC, an atlas of everyday commonsense reasoning, organized through 877k textual descriptions of inferential knowledge. Compared to existing resources that center around taxonomic knowledge, ATOMIC focuses on inferential knowledge organized as typed if-then relations with variables (e.g., “if X pays Y a compliment, then Y will likely return the compliment”). We propose nine if-then relation types to distinguish causes vs. effects, agents vs. themes, voluntary vs. involuntary events, and actions vs. mental states. By generatively training on the rich inferential knowledge described in ATOMIC, we show that neural models can acquire simple commonsense capabilities and reason about previously unseen events. Experimental results demonstrate that multitask models that incorporate the hierarchical structure of if-then relation types lead to more accurate inference compared to models trained in isolation, as measured by both automatic and human evaluation.
Impaired function of circulating HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in chronic human immunodeficiency virus infection (2000)

The functional status of circulating human immunodeficiency (HIV)-specific CD8 T cells in chronically infected subjects was evaluated. By flow cytometry, only 5 of 7 subjects had detectable CD8 T cells that produced IFN-γ after stimulation with HIV-infected primary CD4 T cells. In 2 subjects, the frequency of IFN-γ–producing cells increased 4-fold when IL-2 was added to the culture medium; in another subject, IFN-γ–producing cells could be detected only after IL-2 was added. IFN-γ–producing cells ranged from 0.4% to 3% of CD8 T cells. Major histocompatibility complex–peptide tetramer staining, which identifies antigen-specific T cells irrespective of function, was used to evaluate the proportion of HIV-specific CD8 T cells that may be nonfunctional in vivo. CD8 T cells binding to tetramers complexed to HIV gag epitope SLYNTVATL and reverse transcriptase epitope YTAFTIPSI were identified in 9 of 15 and 5 of 12 HLA-A2–expressing seropositive subjects at frequencies of 0.1% to 1.1% and 0.1 to 0.7%, respectively. Freshly isolated tetramer-positive cells expressed a mixed pattern of memory and effector markers. On average, IFN-γ was produced by less than 25% of tetramer-positive CD8 T cells after stimulation with the relevant gag or reverse transcriptase peptide. In all subjects tested, freshly isolated CD8 T cells were not cytolytic against peptide-pulsed B lymphoblastoid cell line or primary HIV-infected CD4 T-cell targets. Exposure to IL-2 enhanced the cytotoxicity of CD8 T cells against primary HIV-infected CD4 targets in 2 of 2 subjects tested. These results suggest that a significant proportion of HIV-specific CD8 T cells may be functionally compromised in vivo and that some function can be restored by exposure to IL-2.
Inhibition of the gelation of extracellular and intracellular hemoglobin S by selective acetylation with methyl acetyl phosphate (1987)

Methyl acetyl phosphate binds to the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) binding site of hemoglobin and selectively acetylates three amino groups at or near that site. The subsequent binding of 2,3-DPG is thus impeded. When intact sickle cells are exposed to methyl acetyl phosphate, their abnormally high density under anaerobic conditions is reduced to the density range of oxygenated, nonsickling erythrocytes. This change is probably due to a combination of direct and indirect effects induced by the specific acetylation. The direct effect is on the solubility of deoxyhemoglobin S, which is increased from 17 g/dL for unmodified hemoglobin S to 22 g/dL for acetylated hemoglobin S at pH 6.8. Acetylated hemoglobin S does not gel at pH 7.4, up to a concentration of 32 g/dL. The indirect effect could be due to the decreased binding of 2,3-DPG to deoxyhemoglobin S within the sickle erythrocyte, thus hindering the conversion of oxyhemoglobin S to the gelling form, deoxyhemoglobin S.
Prevalence and Spectrum of Thin Filament Mutations in an Outpatient Referral Population With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2003)

Mutations in genes encoding thin filament proteins are less prevalent in HCM than previously estimated. Patients with mutations in troponin T, troponin I, alpha-tropomyosin, and actin do not invariably present with any distinct clinical feature, thus limiting the utility of gene status for risk stratification or of clinical phenotype in guiding individual genetic screening at this time.
Identification and Characterization of Two Novel Staphylococcal Enterotoxins, Types S and T (2008)

In addition to two known staphylococcal enterotoxin-like genes (selj and selr), two novel genes coding for two superantigens, staphylococcal enterotoxins S and T (SES and SET), were identified in plasmid pF5, which is harbored by food poisoning-related Staphylococcus aureus strain Fukuoka 5. This strain was implicated in a food poisoning incident in Fukuoka City, Japan, in 1997. Recombinant SES (rSES) specifically stimulated human T cells in a T-cell receptor Vbeta9- and Vbeta16-specific manner in the presence of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II(+) antigen-presenting cells (APC). rSET also stimulated T cells in the presence of MHC class II(+) APC, although its Vbeta skewing was not found in reactive T cells. Subsequently, we examined the emetic activity of SES and SET. We also studied SElR to determine emetic activity in primates. This toxin was identified in previous studies but was not examined in terms of possession of emetic activity for primates. rSES induced emetic reactions in two of four monkeys at a dose of 100 microg/kg within 5 h of intragastric administration. In one monkey, rSET induced a delayed reaction (24 h postadministration) at a dose of 100 microg/kg, and in the other one, the reaction occurred 5 days postadministration. rSElR induced a reaction in two of six animals within 5 h at 100 microg/kg. On this basis, we speculate that the causative toxins of vomiting in the Fukuoka case are SES and SER. Additionally, SES, SER, and SET also induced emesis in house musk shrews as in the monkeys.
FNS Control Schemes for the Upper Limb (1986)

This paper is concerned with the problems of control associated with the application of functional neuromuscular stimulation of the upper limb, concentrating on elbow flexion/extension and wrist pronation/supination. A closed-loop controller is needed in order to overcome the gain nonlinearities and plant dynamic parameter variations. Controllers were developed based on models and parameters previously established. Two controllers are discussed in detail, a thirdorder feedforward controller and a model reference adaptive controller. There were no striking differences in the performances of the thirdorder controllers. The conventional controllers, however, required a lengthy a priori identification procedure each time they were used. This was performed implicitly by the adaptive controller within a few seconds, making it a practical proposition for an FNS controller.
Lower Bound Analysis For Large Errors In Nonlinear State Estimation (2005)

This paper addresses the problem of estimating a state vector from a sequence of data generated by a nonlinear process. In particular, the effects of nonlinearity on performance bounds for large estimation errors are analyzed via the marginal density function. The use of local processing to produce a reduced data set, under conditions of asymptotic normality, provides a simple mechanism for formulating a likelihood function. Nonlinear estimation techniques are then applied to a reduced order system (reduced dimensionality), and an approximation of the marginal density is obtained with the corresponding error bounds. This method of hierarchical processing results in both computational efficiency and algorithm flexibility. As an illustrative example, simulated results are presented involving noisy and biased data. Deviations from the linear assumptions inherent in the use of the traditional Fisher information matrix (FIM) are explained.
Clinical Features and History of the Destructive Lung Disease Associated with Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency of Adults with Pulmonary Symptoms (1988)

Alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) deficiency is a hereditary disorder characterized in adults by a high risk for the development of severe destructive lung disease at an early age. The present study was designed to draw conclusions concerning the characteristics of a referral population of 124 patients with alpha 1AT deficiency and symptomatic emphysema. Typically, the alpha 1AT level was 30 mg/dl, and the alpha 1AT phenotype was almost always PiZZ. The individuals in this population were most often male, caucasian, and ex-smokers, and they had become dyspneic between 25 and 40 yr of age. Most routine blood tests were normal. The chest radiographs and ventilation-perfusion studies typically showed abnormalities with a lower zone distribution, and about one third of the study population had evidence suggestive of pulmonary hypertension. Lung function tests were typical for emphysema; the FEV1 and DLCO were the parameters most dramatically reduced, and the annual rate of decline of those parameters was greater than that of the general population. The cumulative probability of survival of this population indicated a significantly shortened lifespan with a mean survival of 16% at 60 yr of age compared with 85% for normal persons.
Kinetically Controlled Nanostructure Formation in Self-Assembled Globular Protein–Polymer Diblock Copolymers (2012)

Aqueous processing of globular protein-polymer diblock copolymers into solid-state materials and subsequent solvent annealing enables kinetic and thermodynamic control of nanostructure formation to produce block copolymer morphologies that maintain a high degree of protein fold and function. When model diblock copolymers composed of mCherry-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) are used, orthogonal control over solubility of the protein block through changes in pH and the polymer block through changes in temperature is demonstrated during casting and solvent annealing. Hexagonal cylinders, perforated lamellae, lamellae, or hexagonal and disordered micellar phases are observed, depending on the coil fraction of the block copolymer and the kinetic pathway used for self-assembly. Good solvents for the polymer block produce ordered structures reminiscent of coil-coil diblock copolymers, while an unfavorable solvent results in kinetically trapped micellar structures. Decreasing solvent quality for the protein improves long-range ordering, suggesting that the strength of protein interactions influences nanostructure formation. Subsequent solvent annealing results in evolution of the nanostructures, with the best ordering and the highest protein function observed when annealing in a good solvent for both blocks. While protein secondary structure was found to be almost entirely preserved for all processing pathways, UV-vis spectroscopy of solid-state films indicates that using a good solvent for the protein block enables up to 70% of the protein to be retained in its functional form.
Optimization of submerged culture conditions for mycelial growth and exopolysaccharides production by Agaricus blazei (2004)

The influences of inoculum size, pH, and medium composition on mycelial growth and exopolysaccharides (EPS) production were investigated in shake flasks and in a bioreactor. The optimum inoculum size for both mycelial growth and EPS production was identified to be 10% (v/v) in shake flask cultures. The optimal initial pH for mycelial growth and EPS production in shake flask cultures were found to be 5.0 and 7.0, respectively. However, the optimal pH was 5.0 for both mycelial growth and EPS production in bioreactor cultures where the pH was regulated. The optimal mass ratio of the two major carbon sources, glucose to dextrin, was 1:4. The optimal mass ratio of the two major nitrogen sources, yeast extract to soytone peptone, was 2:1. When 500 mg 1 -1 of MnSO 4 .5H 2 O was added to the bioreactor culture, both mycelial growth and EPS production were enhanced by approximately 10%. Under the optimized conditions, a mycelial biomass of 9.85 g 1 -1 and an EPS concentration of 4.92 g l -1 were obtained in 4 days.
Underbalance Pressure Criteria For Perforating Carbonates (2004)

Abstract Underbalance perforating has long been recognized as one of the best techniques for mitigating perforating damage. Earlier studies have attempted to establish the level of underbalance necessary to stimulate perforation clean-up in sandstone. These models are stated in terms of the underbalance pressure thought necessary to remove damage from perforations for a given matrix permeability (some models also give consideration to fluid properties and perforation geometry). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent to which these correlations for underbalance perforating may be applicable to carbonates. Single shot laboratory flow tests were performed with limestone and dolomite cores to determine the extent of perforation damage as a function of underbalance pressure. The calculated perforation skins from the carbonate perforating experiments are not well described by the earlier sandstone correlations. In particular, the primary reliance on rock permeability as a prognosticator of perforation clean-up does not work for carbonates. Rather than relying upon the initial underbalance pressure and matrix permeability as has been done previously for sandstones, perforation skin for carbonates is best related to peak underbalance pressure and rock strength. The underbalance pressure condition is not surprising. Progressive perforation clean-up with increasing underbalance is intuitive and has been well noted by previous investigators. This study extends the concept by making reference to a peak dynamic underbalance pressure occurring during perforating. Relating rock strength instead of rock permeability to perforation clean-up is a relatively new idea that may also have merit for sandstones. The results of this study suggest that the initial mechnism of perforation clean-up is primarily related to failure of the perforation tunnel wall under stress as opposed to fluid surge flow.
Entrelaçando consensos: reflexões sobre a dimensão social da identidade de gênero da mulher (1995)

O presente artigo reconstrói as origens dos conceitos de gênero e de identidade analisando sua importância histórica e relevância sociológica, através de uma História Social das idéias. A partir desta base teórica, elabora-se uma proposta central sobre os eixos constitutivos da identidade de gênero da mulher, considerada na sua dimensão social. Desta maneira, explora-se algumas características gerais da formação de identidade de gênero e seus estreitos vínculos tanto com as relações de poder entre gêneros quanto com os mecanismos pelos quais estas sãoreproduzidas. Por fim, o artigo analisa algumas formas alternativas de construção da identidade de gênero que explicitam relações de poder entre gêneros e sugerem possibilidades de desarticulação do atual sistema de diferenciação social baseada em gênero.AbstractThrough a social history of ideas, this paper reconstructs the origins and analyses the historical importance, as well as the sociological relevance of the concepts of gender and identity. The resulting theoretical platform is used by the work to put forward its central proposal about the constitutive axes of women's gender identity, in its social dimension. In addition, it explores some general characteristics of the process of gender identity formation, as well as the strong links it has with power relations, and with the mechanisms through which these are reproduced. Finally, the paper reviews some alternative forms of gender identity construction that have fractured inter-gender power relations, and that suggest possibilities of disarticulating the current system of social differentiation based on gender.