gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Slow Light Mach-Zehnder Fiber Interferometer (2011)

We propose a slow light structure Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) fiber interferometer. The sensitivity of the interferometer is enhanced greatly by structure dispersion of the slow light structure. The results show that the sensitivity enhancement factor varies with the coupling coefficient, and reaches its maximum at critical coupling conditions.
Use of Onium Salt-Based Coupling Reagents in Peptide Synthesis<sup>1</sup> (1998)

Peptide coupling methods derived from onium salts based on 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt) and 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt) are becoming incorporated in synthetic strategies more frequently than the classical carbodiimide methods. We have correlated the reactivity of various onium salts derived from HOXt (X = A, B), with the structure of the reagents in question. Thus, we confirmed that the aza derivatives are more reactive than the parent benzotriazole derivatives in both activation and coupling. In addition, the activation step is determined by the structure of the carbon skeleton. Thus, pyrrolidino derivatives appear to be reagents of choice relative to the piperidino analogues or those derived from trialkylamines. Furthermore although phosphonium salts are slightly less reactive than the corresponding aminium/uronium salts, the former should be used for the activation of hindered species, since the latter may lead to the formation of guanidino derivatives.
Molecular Characterization of PoGT8D and PoGT43B, Two Secondary Wall-Associated Glycosyltransferases in Poplar (2007)

Dicot wood is mainly composed of cellulose, lignin and glucuronoxylan (GX). Although the biosynthetic genes for cellulose and lignin have been studied intensively, little is known about the genes involved in the biosynthesis of GX during wood formation. Here, we report the molecular characterization of two genes, PoGT8D and PoGT43B, which encode putative glycosyltransferases, in the hybrid poplar Populus alba x tremula. The predicted amino acid sequences of PoGT8D and PoGT43B exhibit 89 and 75% similarity to the Arabidopsis thaliana IRREGULAR XYLEM8 (IRX8) and IRX9, respectively, both of which have been shown to be required for GX biosynthesis. The PoGT8D and PoGT43B genes were found to be expressed in cells undergoing secondary wall thickening, including the primary xylem, secondary xylem and phloem fibers in stems, and the secondary xylem in roots. Both PoGT8D and PoGT43B are predicted to be type II membrane proteins and shown to be targeted to Golgi. Overexpression of PoGT43B in the irx9 mutant was able to rescue the defects in plant size and secondary wall thickness and partially restore the xylose content. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PoGT8D and PoGT43B are Golgi-localized, secondary wall-associated proteins, and PoGT43B is a functional ortholog of IRX9 involved in GX biosynthesis during wood formation.
A MapReduce Algorithm for Polygon Retrieval in Geospatial Analysis (2015)

The proliferation of data acquisition devices like 3D laser scanners had led to the burst of large-scale spatial terrain data which imposes many challenges to spatial data analysis and computation. With the advent of several emerging cloud technologies, a natural and cost-effective approach to managing such large-scale data is to store and process such datasets in a publicly hosted cloud service using modern distributed computing paradigms such as MapReduce. For several key spatial data analysis and computation problems, polygon retrieval is a fundamental operation which is often computed under real-time constraints. However, existing sequential algorithms fail to meet this demand effectively given that terrain data in recent years have witnessed an unprecedented growth in both volume and rate. In this work, we present a MapReduce-based parallel polygon retrieval algorithm which aims at minimizing the IO and CPU loads of the map and reduce tasks during spatial data processing. Our proposed algorithm first hierarchically indexes the spatial terrain data using a quad-tree index, with the help of which, a significant amount of data is filtered out in the pre-processing stage based on the query object. In addition, a prefix tree based on the quad-tree index is built to query the relationship between the terrain data and query area in real time which leads to significant savings in both I/O load and CPU time. The performance of the proposed techniques is evaluated in a Hadoop cluster and the results demonstrate that the proposed techniques are scalable and lead to more than 35% reduction in execution time of the polygon retrieval operation over existing distributed algorithms.
Simple one-step synthesis of highly luminescent carbon dots from orange juice: application as excellent bio-imaging agents (2012)

Highly photoluminescent carbon dots with a PL quantum yield of 26% have been prepared in one step by hydrothermal treatment of orange juice. Due to high photostability and low toxicity these carbon dots are demonstrated as excellent probes in cellular imaging.
The Effect Analysis of Thermal Efficiency and Optimal Design for Boiler System (2017)

The paper presents the effect of exhaust gas and inlet air temperature on thermal efficiency for boiler system. Based on the numerical model, the performance indexes of boiler system are calculated at different conditions using EES (Engineering Equation Software). The results show that when the exhausted gas or inlet air temperature increases 10-15°C, the heat loss of exhaust gas decreases 0.8%-1% and thermal efficiency of boiler system increases 0.8%-1%; The crucial factors that can affect thermal efficiency are exhaust gas temperature and fuel volatile ratio; seven optimized schemes are designed for a case of boiler system. A new methodology is provided for evaluating the efficiency of boiler system.
Geochronological and structural investigations of the Northern Pelagonian crystalline zone. Constraints from K/Ar and zircon and apatite fission track dating (2001)

The northern part of the Pelagonian Zone experienced a polyphase deformation and metamorphism. Four groups of K/Ar biotite and white mica ages document (I) Hercynian emplacement of plutonic rocks, (II) Eohellenic nappe stacking associated with penetrative deformation / recrystallisation, (III) a Paleocene event in the Mesocoic cover rocks in Greece and (IV) a westward movement of West Pelagonian nappes during Eocene to Oligocene time. First zircon/apatite fission track ages clustering around 70 Ma and 45 to 30 Ma.
A role for the endocrine and pro-inflammatory mediator MIF in the control of insulin secretion during stress (1999)

The systemic response to injury or infection is often accompanied by significant alterations in host metabolism and glucose homeostasis. Within the liver, these changes include a decrease in glycogenesis and an increase in gluconeogenesis, and in peripheral tissues, the development of insulin resistance and the increased utilization of glucose by non-insulin-dependent pathways. Depending on the severity and the duration of the response, both hyper- and hypoglycemia can ensue and each can become a clinically important manifestation of the systemic inflammatory response. The protein known as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been identified recently to play a central role in host immunity and to regulate glucocorticoid effects on the immune and inflammatory systems. MIF is released in vivo from activated immune cells as well as by the anterior pituitary gland upon stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. MIF also has been found to be secreted together with insulin from the pancreatic beta-cells and to act as an autocrine factor to stimulate insulin release. Since circulating MIF levels are elevated during stress or systemic inflammatory processes, this protein may play a central role in the control of insulin secretion during various disease states.
TokenRNA: A New Type of Sequence‐Specific, Label‐Free Fluorescent Biosensor for Folded RNA Molecules (2008)

Token RNA: We demonstrate a technique for sensitive, label-free, real-time sequence-specific recognition of prefolded RNA sequences. We use RNA biosensors designed to form an aptameric pocket for the fluorophore upon programmable, paranemic binding to prefolded analyte RNA sequences without the need for denaturation of the secondary structure of the target. We call these constructs “token RNAs”. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2008/z800183_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
<title>Sensor validation and fusion for gas turbine vibration monitoring</title> (2003)

Vibration monitoring is an important practice throughout regular operation of gas turbine power systems and, even more so, during characterization tests. Vibration monitoring relies on accurate and reliable sensor readings. To obtain accurate readings, sensors are placed such that the signal is maximized. In the case of characterization tests, strain gauges are placed at the location of vibration modes on blades inside the gas turbine. Due to the prevailing harsh environment, these sensors have a limited life and decaying accuracy, both of which impair vibration assessment. At the same time bandwidth limitations may restrict data transmission, which in turn limits the number of sensors that can be used for assessment. Knowing the sensor status (normal or faulty), and more importantly, knowing the true vibration level of the system all the time is essential for successful gas turbine vibration monitoring. This paper investigates a dynamic sensor validation and system health reasoning scheme that addresses the issues outlined above by considering only the information required to reliably assess system health status. In particular, if abnormal system health is suspected or if the primary sensor is determined to be faulted, information from available “sibling” sensors is dynamically integrated. A confidence expresses the complex interactions of sensor health and system health, their reliabilities, conflicting information, and what the health assessment is. Effectiveness of the scheme in achieving accurate and reliable vibration evaluation is then demonstrated using a combination of simulated data and a small sample of a real-world application data where the vibration of compressor blades during a real time characterization test of a new gas turbine power system is monitored.
A New, Low Corrosive Fluid to Stimulate Wells with Carbon Steel Tubular and Internals (2012)

Abstract For many reasons acidizing treatments represent a real challenge to the oil and gas industry. On one side acidizing can significantly improve the productivity of the well, but on the other side the intrinsic corrosive character of the acids form a severe threat to the well's integrity. Therefore traditional acidizing treatments with fluids involve significant loadings of corrosion inhibitors and corrosion inhibitor intensifiers to help mitigate the corrosion. However, the additives can cause their own damage to the formation, reduce overall effectiveness of the acidizing fluid, and come with significant additional costs to the overall acidizing program. Recently studies with a new environmentally friendly stimulation fluid, glutamic acid diacetic acid (GLDA), were presented for both carbonate and sandstone reservoirs. The studies have shown that GLDA can dissolve calcite & dolomite, does not destabilize clays particles, and can significantly improve permeability in both carbonate and sandstone formations across wide field conditions. In the present paper the corrosion rate of GLDA is compared with other chelates and simple organic acids that are used for carbonate dissolution, such as hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), acetic, citric and formic acid. All corrosion tests were conducted at high temperature and pressure and extended for up to 6 hour at temperature and pressure. The results show that GLDA at 20 wt% has the least impact on low carbon steel, in comparison to the other stimulation fluids examined in this study. A very minimal amount of corrosion inhibitor loading was needed to keep the corrosion rate below the acceptable rate for GLDA, even at elevated temperatures or in the presence of corrosive gases like H2S and CO2. On more corrosion resistant Cr-based metals, like Cr-13 and duplex, the corrosion rate of GLDA is far below the acceptable limit with no corrosion inhibition even at 300°F. Based on the results, GLDA solutions can be used to stimulate carbonate and sandstone wells completed with various types of metallurgies with no or very minimal amount of corrosion inhibitors and effectively maintain the integrity of the tubular & internals.
Bexarotene targets autophagy and is protective against thromboembolic stroke in aged mice with tauopathy (2016)

Stroke is a highly debilitating, often fatal disorder for which current therapies are suitable for only a minor fraction of patients. Discovery of novel, effective therapies is hampered by the fact that advanced age, primary age-related tauopathy or comorbidities typical to several types of dementing diseases are usually not taken into account in preclinical studies, which predominantly use young, healthy rodents. Here we investigated for the first time the neuroprotective potential of bexarotene, an FDA-approved agent, in a co-morbidity model of stroke that combines high age and tauopathy with thromboembolic cerebral ischemia. Following thromboembolic stroke bexarotene enhanced autophagy in the ischemic brain concomitantly with a reduction in lesion volume and amelioration of behavioral deficits in aged transgenic mice expressing the human P301L-Tau mutation. In in vitro studies bexarotene increased the expression of autophagy markers and reduced autophagic flux in neuronal cells expressing P301L-Tau. Bexarotene also restored mitochondrial respiration deficits in P301L-Tau neurons. These newly described actions of bexarotene add to the growing amount of compelling data showing that bexarotene is a potent neuroprotective agent, and identify a novel autophagy-modulating effect of bexarotene.
Video-based compression for plenoptic point clouds (2019)

The plenoptic point cloud that has multiple colors from various directions, is a more complete representation than the general point cloud that usually has only one color. It is more realistic but also brings a larger volume of data that needs to be compressed efficiently. The state-of-the-art method to compress the plenoptic point cloud is an extension of the region-based adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT). As far as we can see, in addition to RAHT, the video-based point cloud compression (V-PCC) is also an efficient point cloud compression method. However, to the best of our knowledge, no works have used a video-based solution to compress the plenoptic point cloud yet. In this paper, we first extend the V-PCC to support the plenoptic point cloud compression by generating multiple attribute videos. Then based on the observation that these videos from multiple views have very high correlations, we propose encoding them using multiview high efficiency video coding. We further propose a block-based padding method that unifies the unoccupied attribute pixels from different views to reduce their bit cost. The proposed algorithms are implemented in the V-PCC reference software. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithms can bring significant bitrate savings compared with the state-of-the-art method for plenoptic point cloud compression.
Characteristic of Latent Tuberculosis Infection and Treat Experience with 12-Dose Weekly Isoniazid and Rifapentine in Patient with End Stage Renal Disease (2019)

目的：在腎衰竭病患對於潛伏性結核做系統性的篩檢和短期三個月速克伏治療（12-Dose Weekly Isoniazid and Rifapentine）的追蹤。方法：本實驗執行在義大醫院從2016年11月到2017年12月。使用Quanti FERON-TB檢測洗腎病患是否有潛伏性結核感染。測得陽性的病患進一步評估使用3個月的潛伏性結核治療。所有病患資料和藥物服用結果都予以紀錄追蹤。結果：共有305名受試者接受測試，其中85名（27.86%）測試為陽性。在陽性的患者中，64.7%（55／85）為男性，平均年齡為66.1歲，83.5%（71／85）為接受血液透析的患者。經統計年紀較大和有心血管疾病患者與潛伏性結核陽性率有顯著相關。46例試驗陽性的患者接受潛伏性結核治療。近半數患者（22／46,47.8%）有不良反應，成功完成率為73.91%（34／46）。結論：在南台灣透析患者的潛伏性結核陽性病率為27.86%。老年人和心血管疾病患者與潛伏性結核陽性病率有顯著相關。在3HP治療期間，腎衰竭病患者的不良反應率和中斷率相對較高。
Microwave surface resistance of epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7 thin films on sapphire (1990)

Microwave surface resistance data were measured on pairs of YBa2Cu3O7 thin films on Al2O3 {11_02} substrates by a parallel plate resonator technique. The surface resistance Rs at 10 GHz was 65 μΩ at 10 K and 850 μΩ at 77 K. These epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7 films were grown on 500-Å-thick buffer layers of SrTiO3. X-ray diffraction data showed that the YBCO thin films with the SrTiO3 buffer layers have better in-plane epitaxy than those without such buffer layers. Critical current density of 2×106 A/cm2 at 74 K was measured by the ac mutual inductance response of the films. The improved microwave surface resistance and the higher critical current density are believed to be the results of better in-plane epitaxy.
Drag-and-drop versus point-and-click mouse interaction styles for children (2001)

This research investigates children's use of two common mouse interaction styles, drag-and-drop and point-and-click, to determine whether the choice of interaction style impacts children's performance in interactive learning environments. The interaction styles were experimentally compared to determine if either method was superior to the other in terms of speed, error rate, or user preference, for children. The two interaction styles were also compared based on children's achievement and motivation, within a commercial software environment. Experiment I used an interactive learning environment as children played two versions of an educational puzzle-solving game, each version utilizing a different mouse interaction style; experiment II used a mouse-controlled software environment modeled after the educational game. The results were similar to previous results reported for adults: the point-and-click interaction style was faster; fewer errors were committed using it; and it was preferred over the drag-and-drop interaction style. Within the context of the puzzle-solving game, the children solved significantly fewer puzzles, and they were less motivated using the version that utilized a drag-and-drop interaction style as compared to the version that utilized a point-and-click interaction style. These results were also explored through the use of state-transition diagrams and GOMS models, both of which supported the experimental data gathered.
Adenovirus-Mediated Expression of Glucokinase in the Liver as an Adjuvant Treatment for Type 1 Diabetes (2002)

Glucokinase (GK) plays a crucial role in hepatic glucose disposal. Its activity is decreased in patients with maturity-onset diabetes of the young and in some animal models of diabetes. We investigated the feasibility of manipulating GK expression as an adjuvant treatment for type 1 diabetes, using an E1/E3-deleted adenoviral vector (Ad.EF1(alpha)GK) delivered to the liver of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats. First, we studied the metabolic impact of constitutive glucokinase expression in the absence of insulin. Normal blood glucose levels were observed after gene transfer, and glucose tolerance was substantially enhanced compared with diabetic control animals, suggesting that hepatic GK expression is a feasible mechanism to enhance glucose disposal. In a second study we administered Ad.EF1(alpha)GK together with subcutaneous insulin injections to determine whether the combined action of insulin plus GK activity would provide better glucose homeostasis than insulin treatment alone. This combination approach resulted in constant, near-normal glucose values under fed conditions. Furthermore, the animals stayed in the normoglycemic range after an overnight fast, indicating that the risk to develop hypoglycemia is not increased by expression of GK. Alterations of other metabolic routes were observed, suggesting that insulin-regulated expression of GK may be necessary to use the strategy as a treatment of type 1 diabetes.
Foamlike Nanostructures Created from Dendritic Platinum Sheets on Liposomes (2006)

The synthesis of novel dendritic platinum sheets of 2-nm thickness by the reduction of an aqueous metal complex with ascorbic acid in the presence of liposomes is reported. Variation of the reaction conditions, including incorporation of a tin porphyrin photocatalyst within the liposomal bilayer to initiate seed-particle growth, allows access to a diverse range of platinum nanostructures, including dendritic nanosheets of uniform diameters and convoluted foamlike structures composed of interwoven dendritic nanosheets. The mechanism of formation of these nanomaterials is investigated with regard to the photocatalytic generation of platinum nanoparticle seeds, the autocatalytic dendritic growth, and the templating on liposomes. The discrete nanospheres of foamlike platinum are of particular interest, as they may have advantages over conventional platinum black in some applications. For example, they will likely exhibit improved electrical connectivity and mass-transport properties in electrocatalytic applications. Electrochemical CO-stripping measurements and N2 adsorption experiments show that the nanospheres of foamlike platinum possess high surface areas. In addition, these platinum foam nanospheres are as active as commercial platinum black in catalyzing the four-electron oxygen reduction reaction.
Analyzing software requirements errors in safety-critical, embedded systems (2002)

The root causes of safety-related software errors in safety-critical embedded systems are analyzed. The results show that software errors identified as potentially hazardous to the system tend to be produced by different error mechanisms than those that produce nonsafety-related software errors. Safety-related software errors are shown to arise most commonly from: discrepancies between the documented requirements specifications and the requirements needed for correct functioning of the system; and misunderstandings of the interface of the software with the rest of the system. These results are used to identify methods by which requirements errors can be prevented. The goal is to reduce safety-related software errors and to enhance the safety of complex, embedded systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A review: the process of, and products from, kraft pulping of Southern Pine. (1970)

Hypocalcemia is an independent predictive factor for LV diastolic dysfunction in patients with CKD.
Cyclic Transfer Algorithm for Multivehicle Routing and Scheduling Problems (1993)

This paper investigates the application of a new class of neighborhood search algorithms—cyclic transfers—to multivehicle routing and scheduling problems. These algorithms exploit the two-faceted decision structure inherent to this problem class: First, assigning demands to vehicles and, second, routing each vehicle through its assigned demand stops. We describe the application of cyclic transfers to vehicle routing and scheduling problems. Then we determine the worst-case performance of these algorithms for several classes of vehicle routing and scheduling problems. Next, we develop computationally efficient methods for finding negative cost cyclic transfers. Finally, we present computational results for three diverse vehicle routing and scheduling problems, which collectively incorporate a variety of constraint and objective function structures. Our results show that cyclic transfer methods are either comparable to or better than the best published heuristic algorithms for several complex and important vehicle routing and scheduling problems. Most importantly, they represent a novel approach to solution improvement which holds promise in many vehicle routing and scheduling problem domains.