gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigen-Specific CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells Protect against Lethal Toxoplasmosis in Mice Infected with<i>Neospora caninum</i> (1998)

Neospora caninum is a coccidial protozoan parasite that appears morphologically indistinguishable from Toxoplasma gondii and that infects a large range of mammals. Both inbred and outbred strains of mice exhibit a high degree of resistance to infection with N. caninum. Three inbred strains of mice (A/J, BALB/c, and C57BL/6) that were infected intraperitoneally with N. caninum were protected against a lethal challenge from T. gondii. Vaccine-induced protection was Neospora dose dependent. A rise in the CD8+ T-cell population in mice that had been vaccinated with N. caninum and challenged with T. gondii was observed. Adoptive transfer of CD8+ T-cell splenocytes from N. caninum-infected mice was protective against challenge with Toxoplasma. The CD8+ T cells from Neospora-infected mice proliferate to both Neospora and Toxoplasma antigens in vitro and secrete substantial quantities of gamma interferon when pulsed with the parasite antigen. These observations demonstrate that N. caninum protects against lethal T. gondii infection by the induction of CD8+ T cells that are immunoreactive to both parasites.
Increased Prothrombin, Apolipoprotein A-IV, and Haptoglobin in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Huntington's Disease (2011)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by an unstable CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion. The need for biomarkers of onset and progression in HD is imperative, since currently reliable outcome measures are lacking. We used two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry to analyze the proteome profiles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 6 pairs of HD patients and controls. Prothrombin, apolipoprotein A-IV (Apo A-IV) and haptoglobin were elevated in CSF of the HD patients in comparison with the controls. We used western blot as a semi-quantified measurement for prothrombin and Apo A-IV, as well as enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measurement of haptoglobin, in 9 HD patients and 9 controls. The albumin quotient (Qalb), a marker of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, was not different between the HD patients and the controls. The ratios of CSF prothrombin/albumin (prothrombin/Alb) and Apo A-IV/albumin (Apo A-IV/Alb), and haptoglobin level were significantly elevated in HD. The ratio of CSF prothrombin/Alb significantly correlated with the disease severity assessed by Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS). The results implicate that increased CSF prothrombin, Apo A-IV, and haptoglobin may be involved in pathogenesis of HD and may serve as potential biomarkers for HD.
H.264/MPEG4 Part 10 (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The H.264 CODEC H.264 Structure The Baseline Profile The Main Profile The Extended Profile Transport of H.264 Conclusions References
Induction Machine Speed Estimation - Observations on Observers (1996)

This work focuses on observers estimating flux linkage and speed for induction machines, mainly in the low speed region. With speed estimation, sensorless control is possible, meaning that the speed of induction machines without mechanical speed sensors can be controlled. The observer based sensorless drive system has superior dynamic performance compared to a system with an open loop frequency inverter, yet it is neither more complex nor expensive. Using mechanical equivalent models of the induction machine and observers, an accurate flux observer working in the entire speed region of the induction machine is presented. The flux observer is expanded into a combined flux and speed observer, measuring only stator current and voltage. A method for sensorless control is proposed, analyzed and experimentally verified. Observer and controller calculations are performed by a digital signal processor.
Use of multiple GPUs on shared memory multiprocessors for ultrasound propagation simulations (2012)

This paper outlines our effort to migrate a compute inten-sive application of ultrasound propagation being devel-oped in Matlab to a cluster computer where each node has seven GPUs. Our goal is to perform realistic simulations in hours and minutes instead of weeks and days. In order to reach this goal we investigate architecture characteris-tics of the target system focusing on the PCI-Express sub-system and new features proposed in CUDA version 4.0, especially simultaneous host to device, device to host and peer-to-peer transfers that the application is going to high-ly benefit from. We also present the results from a CPU based implementation and discuss future directions to exploit multiple GPUs..
Microwave‐Assisted Heterogeneous Cross‐Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Nickel‐in‐Charcoal (Ni/C). (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An infrastructure for passive network monitoring of application data streams (2003)

When diagnosing network problems, it is often desirable to have a view of traffic inside the network. In this paper we describe an infrastructure for passive monitoring that can be used to determine which segments of the network are the source of problems for an application data stream. The monitoring hosts are relatively low-cost, off-the-shelf PCs. A unique feature of the infrastructure is secure activation of monitoring hosts in the core of the network without direct network administrator intervention.
Cosinor analysis of diurnal changes of the reduced glutathione level in the blood, brain, liver and kidneys of mice, induced by ACTH administration. (1986)

The influence of a single dose of ACTH(100 I.U. /kg body weight) on the diurnal rhythm of reduced glutathione (GSH) was studied in the blood and brain, liver and kidney homogenates of male mice. Cosinor analysis revealed that ACTH induces changes in the mean diurnal amount of GSH in the blood, brain, liver and kidneys. At the same time, GSH amplitudes in the blood and kidneys increased significantly, whereas in the case of brain and liver they decreased markedly. Moreover, it was found that ACTH induces a shift in GSH acrophases in the blood, brain, liver and kidneys as compared with the control values.
An Overview of a Feasibility Study for the Production of Industrial Enzymes in Transgenic Alfalfa<i><sup>a</sup></i> (1994)

The overall aims of the research are to develop genetically engineered alfalfa producing high levels of industrially important enzymes and to develop rapid methods for extracting and purifying these enzymes from alfalfa juice. Using a reporter gene beta-glucuronidase (GUS) as a model system, we were able to demonstrate production of a foreign protein in alfalfa and gain valuable insight into the molecular approaches required for the expression and accumulation of foreign proteins in leaf tissue. GUS activity varied among individual transformants, and GUS was expressed in all plant tissues. GUS activity was shown to segregate in sexual progeny. There was no correlation between copy number of the GUS gene and activity. We have recently demonstrated the production of Mn-dependent lignin peroxidase and alpha-amylase in transgenic alfalfa. Concurrent research in the agricultural engineering aspects of this feasibility study focused on extraction strategies for the recovery of alfalfa juice, and on an evaluation of methods for processing and concentrating the juice. Thus, we are in a position to use plants expressing enzymes that have current or potential industrial importance to complete a feasibility study, and determine whether we can indeed economically recover target enzymes from field-grown transgenic alfalfa plants. The technology developed for these enzymes can be used to extract other value-added products from plants in the future.
Leukotrienes and their antagonists in allergic disorders. (1997)

Cysteinyl leukotrienes are important mediators of asthma, and inhibition of their effects may represent a potential breakthrough in the therapy of allergic rhinitis and asthma. Strategies for inhibition of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors and inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase activity. The leukotrienes antagonists, with particular reference to asthma and allergic rhinitis, is reviewed in this paper. In studies in asthmatic patients, these compounds can inhibit bronchoconstriction in response to exercise, aspirin and allergen. Results from clinical studies using receptor antagonists, such as LY-171883, SK&F-104353, ICI-204219, ONO-1078, MK-751, MK-0679, demonstrate beneficial effects, with improvement in symptoms and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and a reduction in the use of beta 2-adrenergic relief medication. NZ-107 was studied for its effect on airway inflammation caused by intratracheal injection of LTB4 or IL-5, or by inhalation of PAF, and by cell activation. Analysis of the BAL fluid revealed that both induced eosinophilia and neutrophilia were suppressed. Surprisingly, although PAF and superoxide generation were inhibited in macrophages and eosinophils, NZ-107 had no effect on neutrophil activation. U-75302 was studied in guinea pigs and inhibited LTB4 induced chemotaxis of eosinophils in vitro and antigen-induced lung eosinophilia in vivo. Further studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanism by which these compounds provide beneficial effects.
Active patient involvement in the establishment of physical therapy goals: Effects on treatment outcome and quality of care (2004)

Background: Little research has been carried out on the effects of involving patients in goal setting. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of active patient involvement in the establishment of physical therapy treatment goals. Outcome measures included both physical treatment results and patient ratings of the quality of care. Subjects and Methods: All patients (n=77) at the rehabilitation unit of the department of rheumatology at a Swedish university hospital were included in a randomized controlled trial. Control-group patients received physical therapy treatment according to traditional methods. Intervention-group patients were involved in a goal-forum intervention, where therapist and patient together established goals for treatment. All patients completed questionnaire surveys at discharge. Results: Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that patients in the intervention group were more likely to achieve better physical treatment results for range of motion, strength and balance, compared to controls. Goal-forum patients also gave higher ratings than the control group on quality of care scales. Discussion and Conclusion: Active patient involvement in establishing physical therapy goals may have beneficial effects on both treatment outcomes and patient ratings of the quality of care. Further studies involving more physical therapists and longer follow-up periods are warranted.
Architecture for Dynamic Component Life Tracking in an Advanced HUMS, RFID, and Direct Load Sensor Environment (2009)

The United States Navy (USN) is shifting towards condition-based maintenance (CBM) of fatigue critical dynamic components on rotorcraft, which requires more efficient methods for component identification, usage history recording, and fatigue life tracking. This paper presents a method developed by Technical Data Analysis, Inc. (TDA) to track usage and history of all uniquely serialized components throughout their lifetime, so that component life limits and applicable maintenance data are correctly and continuously assessed. The end goal of this project is one integrated system for component tracking, fatigue lifing, and prognostics and trending, leveraging Health and Usage Monitoring System (HUMS) and direct loads sensing data to track actual component usage and loads. Presented here is a twofold strategy for achieving this integrated component tracking system via a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) network and a comprehensive web-based application that interfaces with the RFID network and the USN’s various data management systems.
Performance limitations of silicon solar cells (1977)

This paper discusses the performance limitations of silicon solar cells which have been identified and investigated using a detailed numerical analysis of solar cell operation. Efficiency limitations are discussed as related to doping densities, minority carrier lifetimes, widths of solar cell regions, surface recombination, antireflecting layers, and ohmic contact stripes. Areas in which improvements can be expected in performance are identified and discussed.
Classification of ultrasonic B-mode images of breast masses using Nakagami distribution (2001)

The Nakagami distribution was proposed recently for modeling the echo from tissue. In vivo breast data collected from patients with lesions were studied using this Nakagami model. Chi-square tests showed that the Nakagami distribution is a better fit to the envelope than the Rayleigh distribution. Two parameters, m (effective number) and alpha (effective cross section), associated with the Nakagami distribution were used for the classification of breast masses. Data from 52 patients with breast masses/lesions were used in the studies. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) were calculated for the classification methods based on these two parameters. The results indicate that these parameters of the Nakagami distribution may be useful in classification of the breast abnormalities. The Nakagami distribution may be a reasonable means to characterize the backscattered echo from breast tissues toward a goal of an automated scheme for separating benign and malignant breast masses.
Fuzzy logic for robust detection in wireless communications (2002)

This work addresses the problem of spatial reference estimation in mobile scenarios. Novel techniques based on fuzzy logic are introduced to enhance the performance of a tracking system. Specifically, the model-free function approximation capability of fuzzy logic is used to obtain high resolution angle estimates from the spatial spectral density. These estimates are used to improve the resolution of the tracker. To the authors knowledge it is the first time that fuzzy logic is introduced in array spectral estimation. This work also develops a fuzzy controller for acting as an interpolative supervisor of different trackers that apply in different operating conditions of the dynamic nonlinear system. The result is a localization and tracking system that attains a resolution comparable to that of high resolution techniques as the minimum variance or Capon estimator. One of the main features of the proposed technique is its low computational burden. In summary, the presented system supports the expectation of adaptive arrays for obtaining a communication front-end of affordable complexity, developing cost and good performance.
Antiwindup for stable linear systems with input saturation: An LMI-based synthesis (2003)

This paper considers closed-loop quadratic stability and L/sub 2/ performance properties of linear control systems subject to input saturation. More specifically, these properties are examined within the context of the popular linear antiwindup augmentation paradigm. Linear antiwindup augmentation refers to designing a linear filter to augment a linear control system subject to a local specification, called the "unconstrained closed-loop behavior." Building on known results on H/sub /spl infin// and LPV synthesis, the fixed order linear antiwindup synthesis feasibility problem is cast as a nonconvex matrix optimization problem, which has an attractive system theoretic interpretation: the lower bound on the achievable L/sub 2/ performance is the maximum of the open and unconstrained closed-loop L/sub 2/ gains. In the special cases of zero-order (static) and plant-order antiwindup compensation, the feasibility conditions become (convex) linear matrix inequalities. It is shown that, if (and only if) the plant is asymptotically stable, plant-order linear antiwindup compensation is always feasible for large enough L/sub 2/ gain and that static antiwindup compensation is feasible provided a quasi-common Lyapunov function, between the open-loop and unconstrained closed-loop, exists. Using the solutions to the matrix feasibility problems, the synthesis of the antiwindup augmentation achieving the desired level of L/sub 2/ performance is then accomplished by solving an additional LMI.
Dendritic Cells Expressing Transgenic Galectin-1 Delay Onset of Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice (2006)

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease caused by the destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas by activated T cells. Dendritic cells (DC) are the APC that initiate the T cell response that triggers T1D. However, DC also participate in T cell tolerance, and genetic engineering of DC to modulate T cell immunity is an area of active research. Galectin-1 (gal-1) is an endogenous lectin with regulatory effects on activated T cells including induction of apoptosis and down-regulation of the Th1 response, characteristics that make gal-1 an ideal transgene to transduce DC to treat T1D. We engineered bone marrow-derived DC to synthesize transgenic gal-1 (gal-1-DC) and tested their potential to prevent T1D through their regulatory effects on activated T cells. NOD-derived gal-1-DC triggered rapid apoptosis of diabetogenic BDC2.5 TCR-transgenic CD4+ T cells by TCR-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Intravenously administered gal-1-DC trafficked to pancreatic lymph nodes and spleen and delayed onset of diabetes and insulitis in the NODrag1(-/-) lymphocyte adoptive transfer model. The therapeutic effect of gal-1-DC was accompanied by increased percentage of apoptotic T cells and reduced number of IFN-gamma-secreting CD4+ T cells in pancreatic lymph nodes. Treatment with gal-1-DC inhibited proliferation and secretion of IFN-gamma of T cells in response to beta cell Ag. Unlike other DC-based approaches to modulate T cell immunity, the use of the regulatory properties of gal-1-DC on activated T cells might help to delete beta cell-reactive T cells at early stages of the disease when the diabetogenic T cells are already activated.
Phosphorylated osteopontin peptides inhibit crystallization by resisting the aggregation of calcium phosphate nanoparticles (2012)

Under near-physiological pH and ionic strength, the role of a 14 amino acid segment of osteopontin (OPN) in inhibiting hydroxyapatite (HAP) nucleation and growth was kinetically examined by measuring the induction time via pH monitoring. The phosphorylated 14-mer OPN peptide segments (PP) significantly inhibit nucleation of HAP by markedly increasing induction times with an increase in the number of phosphorylation sites at their lower concentrations (<156 nM). The presence of phosphate groups in OPN peptides not only enhances the stability of the calcium phosphate (Ca–P) nanoparticles and limits their aggregation, but also inhibits the phase transformation from amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) to the final crystalline phases. The extent of phosphorylation of OPN peptides is important to its protective roles in inhibiting crystallization by resisting the aggregation of Ca–P nanoparticles at a given concentration range. The nonphosphorylated peptide segment (NPP) had relatively little effect on induction times at concentrations lower than 156 nM, whereas at a higher concentration (234 nM), the effect of NPP in inhibiting HAP nucleation was enhanced. These results clearly showed that OPN inhibits HAP crystallization by prolonging induction times and delaying subsequent growth in a phosphorylation and/or concentration-dependent manner.
Combining Simulation and Virtualization through Dynamic Sampling (2007)

The high speed and faithfulness of state-of-the-art virtual machines (VMs) make them the ideal front-end for a system simulation framework. However, VMs only emulate the functional behavior and just provide the minimal timing for the system to run correctly. In a simulation framework supporting the exploration of different configurations, a timing backend is still necessary to accurately determine the performance of the simulated target. As it has been extensively researched, sampling is an excellent approach for fast timing simulation. However, existing sampling mechanisms require capturing information for every instruction and memory access. Hence, coupling a standard sampling technique to a VM implies disabling most of the "tricks" used by a VM to accelerate execution, such as the caching and linking of dynamically compiled code. Without code caching, the performance of a VM is severely impacted. In this paper we present a novel dynamic sampling mechanism that overcomes this problem and enables the use of VMs for timing simulation. By making use of the internal information collected by the VM during functional simulation, we can quickly assess important characteristics of the simulated applications (such as phase changes), and activate or deactivate the timing simulation accordingly. This allows us to run unmodified OS and applications over emulated hardware at near-native speed, yet providing a way to insert timing measurements that yield a final accuracy similar to state-of-the-art sampling methods
Mineral acquisition by arbuscular mycorrhizal plants (2000)

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) benefit plants by allowing them to grow and produce in relatively harsh mineral stress environments. This has been attributed extensively to ability of AMF to expand the volume of soil for which mineral nutrients are made available to plants compared to what roots themselves would contact. This article reviews the effects of AMF on enhancing/reducing acquisition of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), boron (B), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), silicon (Si), and some trace elements in plants. The nutrients enhanced most in host plants grown in many soils (e.g., high and low soil pH) are P, N, Zn, and Cu, but K, Ca, and Mg are enhanced when plants are grown in acidic soils. Many AMF have also the ability to ameliorate Al and Mn toxicities for plants are grown in acidic soil.
Frequency-dependent reduction of voltage-gated sodium current modulates retinal ganglion cell response rate to electrical stimulation (2011)

The ability to elicit visual percepts through electrical stimulation of the retina has prompted numerous investigations examining the feasibility of restoring sight to the blind with retinal implants. The therapeutic efficacy of these devices will be strongly influenced by their ability to elicit neural responses that approximate those of normal vision. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can fire spikes at frequencies greater than 200 Hz when driven by light. However, several studies using isolated retinas have found a decline in RGC spiking response rate when these cells were stimulated at greater than 50 Hz. It is possible that the mechanism responsible for this decline also contributes to the frequency-dependent 'fading' of electrically evoked percepts recently reported in human patients. Using whole-cell patch clamp recordings of rabbit RGCs, we investigated the causes for the spiking response depression during direct subretinal stimulation of these cells at 50-200 Hz. The response depression was not caused by inhibition arising from the retinal network but, instead, by a stimulus-frequency-dependent decline of RGC voltage-gated sodium current. Under identical experimental conditions, however, RGCs were able to spike at high frequency when driven by light stimuli and intracellular depolarization. Based on these observations, we demonstrated a technique to prevent the spiking response depression.