gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simple and Novel Method to Monitor Breathing and Heart Rate in Awake and Urethane-Anesthetized Newborn Rodents (2013)

Rodents are most useful models to study physiological and pathophysiological processes in early development, because they are born in a relatively immature state. However, only few techniques are available to monitor non-invasively heart frequency and respiratory rate in neonatal rodents without restraining or hindering access to the animal. Here we describe experimental procedures that allow monitoring of heart frequency by electrocardiography (ECG) and breathing rate with a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) element without hindering access to the animal. These techniques can be easily installed and are used in the present study in unrestrained awake and anesthetized neonatal C57/Bl6 mice and Wistar rats between postnatal day 0 and 7. In line with previous reports from awake rodents we demonstrate that heart rate in rats and mice increases during the first postnatal week. Respiratory frequency did not differ between both species, but heart rate was significantly higher in mice than in rats. Further our data indicate that urethane, an agent that is widely used for anesthesia, induces a hypoventilation in neonates whilst heart rate remains unaffected at a dose of 1 g per kg body weight. Of note, hypoventilation induced by urethane was not detected in rats at postnatal 0/1. To verify the detected hypoventilation we performed blood gas analyses. We detected a respiratory acidosis reflected by a lower pH and elevated level in CO2 tension (pCO2) in both species upon urethane treatment. Furthermore we found that metabolism of urethane is different in P0/1 mice and rats and between P0/1 and P6/7 in both species. Our findings underline the usefulness of monitoring basic cardio-respiratory parameters in neonates during anesthesia. In addition our study gives information on developmental changes in heart and breathing frequency in newborn mice and rats and the effects of urethane in both species during the first postnatal week.
Epithelial-Cadherin and β-Catenin Expression Changes in Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (2004)

Aberration in the expression of E-cadherin and its associated beta-catenin is evident in pre-invasive (PanIN) neoplastic pancreatic duct cells, suggesting involvement of pathways leading to beta-catenin stabilization during pancreatic duct cell carcinogenesis.
On a Jansen leg with multiple gait patterns for reconfigurable walking platforms (2015)

Legged robots are able to move across irregular terrains and those based on 1-degree-of-freedom planar linkages can be energy efficient, but are often constrained by a limited range of gaits which can limit their locomotion capabilities considerably. This article reports the design of a novel reconfigurable Theo Jansen linkage that produces a wide variety of gait cycles, opening new possibilities for innovative applications. The suggested mechanism switches from a pin-jointed Grübler kinematic chain to a 5-degree-of-freedom mechanism with slider joints during the reconfiguration process. It is shown that such reconfigurable linkage significantly extend the capabilities of the original design, while maintaining its mechanical simplicity during normal operation, to not only produce different useful gait patterns but also to realize behaviors beyond locomotion. Experiments with an implemented prototype are presented, and their results validate the proposed approach.
A calcium‐dependent protein kinase regulates <i>Plasmodium</i> ookinete access to the midgut epithelial cell (2005)

Plasmodium parasites are fertilized in the mosquito midgut and develop into motile zygotes, called ookinetes, which invade the midgut epithelium. Here we show that a calcium-dependent protein kinase, CDPK3, of the rodent malarial parasite (Plasmodium berghei) is produced in the ookinete stage and has a critical role in parasite transmission to the mosquito vector. Targeted disruption of the CDPK3 gene decreased ookinete ability to infect the mosquito midgut by nearly two orders of magnitude. Electron microscopic analyses demonstrated that the disruptant ookinetes could not access midgut epithelial cells by traversing the layer covering the cell surface. An in vitro migration assay showed that these ookinetes lack the ability to migrate through an artificial gel, suggesting that this defect caused their failure to access the epithelium. In vitro migration assays also suggested that this motility is induced in the wild type by mobilization of intracellular stored calcium. These results indicate that a signalling pathway involving calcium and CDPK3 regulates ookinete penetration of the layer covering the midgut epithelium. Because humans do not possess CDPK family proteins, CDPK3 is a good target for blocking malarial transmission to the mosquito vector.
Comparison of the anti-inflammatory effects of topically applied aspirin and indomethacin following photocoagulation of the rabbit iris. (1992)

1. A comparative study of the inhibitory action of topically applied indomethacin and aspirin (1% (w/v) 2 h before and immediately after trauma, totaling 4 mg each) on myosis, increase in intraocular pressure and breakdown of the blood aqueous barrier was performed. 2. Argon laser photocoagulation on the anterior surface of the left iris of pigmented rabbits, totaling 2,250 mJ, was used as traumatic stimulus. The untraumatized eye was used as a reference for measurements. 3. Four groups of 10 animals each (control, photocoagulated, photocoagulated plus indomethacin and photocoagulated plus aspirin) were studied. 4. Both drugs similarly inhibited the increase in the total protein concentration in aqueous humor and in intraocular pressure at 10, 20 and 40 min. Only aspirin showed some inhibitory action on the pupillary response 10 min after photocoagulation.
Improve IPv6 global connectivity for 6LoWPAN (2011)

IEEE 802.15.4 has limitations as short range, low bit rate, low power, and low cost. And IEEE 802.15.4 devices have limitation as computational power, memory, and/or energy availability. IEEE802.15.4 standard's MTU is 127 bytes, among which IEEE 64 bits extended addresses may be used. After an association, 16 bits are used as an unique ID in a PAN L2, Still only 102 bytes are available for payload at MAC layer. Now considering the devices need to communicate with other nodes, 256 bits of the source and destination addresses seem to be cumbersome in a limited MAC payload fields. Therefore 6LoWPAN proposes that the nodes use the compress packet header for solving short MTU. But 6LoWPAN has limitation that in case of communication with dissimilar network. When a 6LoWPAN device communicates with Internet spend 128 bits in destination address. Therefore, we propose a new IPv6 address translation mechanism between IPv6 and ID. This mechanism has ID query and reply for external node. This paper will explain the detailed procedures and performance.
AICAR treatment for 14 days normalizes obesity-induced dysregulation of TORC1 signaling and translational capacity in fasted skeletal muscle (2010)

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 14 days of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1β-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) treatment on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and mTOR-regulated processes (i.e., translation initiation) in obese mouse skeletal muscle. Our hypothesis was that daily treatment (14 days) with AICAR would normalize obesity-induced alterations in skeletal muscle mTOR signaling and mTOR-regulated processes to lean levels and positively affect muscle mass. Fourteen-week-old male, lean (L; 31.3 g body wt) wild-type and ob/ob (O; 59.6 g body wt) mice were injected with the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activator AICAR (A) at 0.5 mg·g body wt(-1)·day(-1) or saline control (C) for 14 days. At 24 h after the last injection (including a 12-h fast), all mice were killed, and the plantar flexor complex muscle (gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris) was excised for analysis. Muscle mass was lower in OC (159 ± 12 mg) than LC, LA, and OA (176 ± 10, 178 ± 9, and 166 ± 16 mg, respectively) mice, independent of a body weight change. A decrease in obese muscle mass corresponded with higher muscle cross section staining intensity for lipid and glycogen, higher blood glucose and insulin levels, and lower nuclear-enriched fractions for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α protein expression in OC skeletal muscle, which was normalized with AICAR treatment. AMPK and acetyl-cocarboxylase phosphorylation was reduced in OC mice and augmented by AICAR treatment in OA mice. Conversely, OC mice displayed higher activation of downstream targets (S6 kinase-1 and ribosomal protein S6) of mTOR and lower raptor-associated mTOR than LC mice, which were reciprocally altered after 14 days of AICAR treatment. Dysregulation of translational capacity was improved in OA mice, as assessed by sucrose density gradient fractionation of ribosomes, total and ribosome-associated RNA content, eukaryotic initiation factor 4F complex formation, and eukaryotic initiation factor 4G phosphorylation. These data show that short-term (14 days) AMPK agonist treatment augments regulatory processes in atrophic obese mouse skeletal muscle through the normalization of mTOR signaling and mRNA translation closer to lean levels.
Towards rope shovel automation operation information system (2004)

The road to electric rope shovel automation is marked with technological innovations that include an increase in operational information available to mining operations. The CRCMining Shovel Operator Information System not only collects machine operational data but also provides the operator with knowledge-of-performance and influences his/her performance to achieve higher productivity with reduced machine duty. The operator’s behaviour is one of the most important aspects of the man-machine interaction to be considered before semi- or fully-automated shovel systems can be realised. This paper presents the results of the rope shovel studies conducted by CRCMining between 2002 and 2004, provides information on current research to improve shovel performance and briefly discusses the implications of human-system interactions on future designs of autonomous machines.
Role of Sulfur Vacancies and Undercoordinated Mo Regions in MoS<sub>2</sub> Nanosheets toward the Evolution of Hydrogen (2019)

Low-dimensional materials have been examined as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Among them, two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs) such as MoS<sub>2</sub> have been identified as potential candidates. However, the performance of TMDs toward HER in both acidic and basic media remains inferior to that of noble metals such as Pt and its alloys. This calls for investigating the influence of controlled defect engineering of 2D TMDs on their performance toward hydrogen production. Here, we explored the HER activity from defective multilayered MoS<sub>2</sub> over a large range of surface S vacancy concentrations up to 90%. Amorphous MoS<sub>2</sub> and 2H MoS<sub>2</sub> with ultrarich S vacancies demonstrated the highest HER performance in acid and basic electrolytes, respectively. We also report that the HER performance from multilayered MoS<sub>2</sub> can be divided into two domains corresponding to "point defects" at low concentrations of surface S vacancies (Stage 1) and large regions of undercoordinated Mo atoms for high concentrations of surface S vacancies (Stage 2). The highest performance is obtained for Stage 2 in the presence of undercoordinated Mo atoms with a TOF of ∼2 s<sup>-1</sup> at an overpotential of 160 mV in 0.1 M KOH which compares favorably to the best results in the literature. Overall, our work provides deeper insight on the HER mechanism from defected MoS<sub>2</sub> and provides guidance for the development of defect-engineered TMD-based electrocatalysts.
The IL-2 Defect in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Has an Expansive Effect on Host Immunity (2010)

IL-2 production is decreased in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and affects T cell function and other aspects of host immunity. Transcription factors regulating IL-2 production behave aberrantly in SLE T cells. In addition to IL-2 dysregulation, other IL-2 family members (IL-15 and IL-21) are abnormally expressed in SLE. Decreased IL-2 production in SLE patients leads to many immune defects such as decreased T(reg) production, decreased activation-induced cell death (AICD), and decreased cytotoxicity. IL-2 deficiency results in systemic dysregulation of host immune responses in patients suffering from SLE disease.
Crystallographic, magnetic and electronic structures of a new layered ferromagnetic compound Cr<sub>2</sub>Ge<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>6</sub> (1995)

Cr2Ge2Te6 is a new layered material belonging to the lamellar ternary M2X2Te6 chalcogenides family (where M is a 3+ oxidation state metal and X2 a silicon or a germanium pair). It was synthesized from a stoichiometric mixture of the elements and heated in a sealed evacuated quartz tube for 20 d at 700 degrees C. The crystal symmetry is rhombohedral, of space group R3, with the following hexagonal cell parameters: a=b=0.68275(4) nm, c=2.05619(9) nm, V=0.830 1(1) nm3 and Z=3. The crystal structure of Cr2Ge2Te6 was solved using both X-ray single-crystal diffraction and neutron powder diffraction data. Growth defects were detected and investigated using high-resolution electron microscopy. The magnetic structure and properties of Cr2Ge2Te6 have been determined by neutron powder diffraction and susceptibility and magnetization measurements. Below 61 K, Cr2Ge2Te6 is ferromagnetic with spins aligned along the c axis of the cell ( mu (Cr3+)=2.80(4)mu B at 5 K). The thermal evolution of the magnetic moments below Tc is given. At room temperature, Cr2Ge2Te6 presents a rho =0.02 Omega cm resistivity. Above Tc, the thermal evolution of the resistivity can be fitted as rho =exp(A/kT), where A=0.2 eV. Band-structure and crystal orbitals of Cr2Ge2Te6 have been calculated using the extended Huckel method and indicate no gap but highly localized Cr 3d states, giving evidence of a hopping mechanism for Cr2Ge2Te6, electrical conductivity.
Preparation and Titration of CsCl-Banded Adenovirus Stocks (2007)

Adenovirus research often requires purified high-titer virus stocks and accurate virus titers for use in experiments. Accurate titers are important for quantitative, interpretable, and reproducible results. This is especially true when there are comparisons of different mutant viruses following infection. This chapter details the large-scale preparation of adenovirus (either replication-competent or replication-defective) in spinner cultures (e.g., KB, HeLa, or 293 cells). Protocols for harvesting cells and isolation of adenovirus by CsCl banding are presented. Methods for titering adenovirus by plaque assay are presented along with a discussion of how plaque assays can be used to determine the kinetics of cell killing and cytolysis by adenoviruses.
AUSTRALIAN FARM WORK INJURIES: INCIDENCE, DIVERSITY AND PERSONAL RISK FACTORS (1996)

Information on farm work-related injuries was sought to assist in the design of effective farm safety prevention programs. A telephone survey was conducted using a stratified random sample of 919 sheep/wool, beef cattle and dryland broadacre cropping farms from three shires in the wheat/sheep belt of New South Wales. The adjusted response rate was 84%. There were 425 reported injuries over an 18-month period. One in five farms reported at least one injury per year, while one in 12 farms reported at least one serious injury per year. Animal-related injuries were the largest major category for agent of injury, while the largest category for nature of injury was sprain and strain, recording almost one-quarter of all injuries. The farm workshop or shed was the most common location of injury, with more than 20% of all reported injuries occurring there. Personal risk factors thought to contribute to these farm work-related injuries were examined. The statistically significant personal risk factors for injury occurrence were age (and/or experience), previous injury status, body mass index, hours of sleep, a variable measuring daytime drowsiness and a variable measuring perceived stress.
QAM and PSK codebooks for limited feedback MIMO beamforming (2009)

This paper considers the problem of beamforming in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems. Assuming perfect channel state information at the receiver, the choice of the beamforming vector is made possible through a noiseless limited-rate feedback of one or more bits per coefficient to the transmitter. This paper proposes the use of beamforming codebooks based on quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and phase-shift keying (PSK) constellations, which essentially eliminates the need for storage of the codebook. We show that such codebooks perform arbitrarily close to the perfect feedback case as the constellation size increases, and that full diversity order is achieved. We demonstrate an equivalence between the beamforming codebook search problem with that of noncoherent sequence detection. Based on this we propose fast beamforming vector search algorithms. Monte-Carlo simulations are presented to show that the performance is comparable to the best known codebooks, and that the search complexity can be reduced by several orders of magnitude.
The treatment of bacterial vaginosis with a 3 day course of 2% clindamycin cream: results of a multicentre, double blind, placebo controlled trial. B V Investigators Group. (1995)

We conclude that a 3 day course of clindamycin 2% cream is an effective, and well tolerated treatment for bacterial vaginosis.
SNP Calling, Genotype Calling, and Sample Allele Frequency Estimation from New-Generation Sequencing Data (2012)

We present a statistical framework for estimation and application of sample allele frequency spectra from New-Generation Sequencing (NGS) data. In this method, we first estimate the allele frequency spectrum using maximum likelihood. In contrast to previous methods, the likelihood function is calculated using a dynamic programming algorithm and numerically optimized using analytical derivatives. We then use a bayesian method for estimating the sample allele frequency in a single site, and show how the method can be used for genotype calling and SNP calling. We also show how the method can be extended to various other cases including cases with deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. We evaluate the statistical properties of the methods using simulations and by application to a real data set.
Small tip angle three‐dimensional tailored radiofrequency slab‐select pulse for reduced <i>B</i><sub>1</sub> inhomogeneity at 3 T (2005)

This work presents a small tip-angle 3D tailored RF slab-select pulse for reducing the B1 field inhomogeneity at 3T. The compensated slice profile was determined from a B1 inhomogeneity map. SNR improvement and degree of artifact reduction were evaluated in a NiCl2 doped phantom and human brains. The technique was found to reduce inhomogeneities as large as 30% of the peak image magnitude in all three spatial directions in the brain using a standard head coil.
Ruthenium(II) Ammine and Hydrazine Complexes with [N(Ph<sub>2</sub>PQ)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>-</sup> (Q = S, Se) Ligands (2000)

Reactions of coordinatively unsaturated Ru[N(Ph2PQ)2]2(PPh3) (Q = S (1), Se (2)) with pyridine (py), SO2, and NH3 afford the corresponding 18e adducts Ru[N(Ph2PQ)2]2(PPh3)(L) (Q = S, L = NH3 (5); Q = Se, L = py (3), SO2 (4), NH3 (6)). The molecular structures of complexes 2 and 6 are determined. The geometry around Ru in 2 is pseudo square pyramidal with PPh3 occupying the apical position, while that in 6 is pseudooctahedral with PPh3 and NH3 mutually cis. The Ru-P distances in 2 and 6 are 2.2025(11) and 2.2778(11) A, respectively. The Ru-N bond length in 6 is 2.185(3) A. Treatment of 1 or 2 with substituted hydrazines L or NH2OH yields the respective adducts Ru[N(Ph2PQ)2]2(PPh3)(L) (Q = S, L = NH2NH2 (12), t-BuNHNH2 (14), l-aminopiperidine (C5H10NNH2) (15); Q = Se, L = PhCONHNH2 (7), PhNHNH2 (8), NH2OH (9), t-BuNHNH2 (10), C5H10NNH2 (11), NH2NH2 (13)), which are isolated as mixtures of their trans and cis isomers. The structures of cis-14 and cis-15 are characterized by X-ray crystallography. In both molecular structures, the ruthenium adopts a pseudooctahedral arrangement with PPh3 and hydrazine mutually cis. The Ru-N bond lengths in cis-14.CH2Cl2 and cis-15 are 2.152(3) and 2.101(3) A, respectively. The Ru-N-N bond angles in cis-14.CH2Cl2 and cis-15 are 120.5(4) and 129.0(2) degrees, respectively. Treatment of 1 with hydrazine monohydrate leads to the isolation of yellow 5 and red trans-Ru[N(Ph2PS)2]2(NH3)(H2O) (16), which are characterized by mass spectrometry, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The geometry around ruthenium in 16 is pseudooctahedral with the NH3 and H2O ligands mutually trans. The Ru-O and Ru-N bond distances are 2.118(4) and 2.142(6) A, respectively. Oxidation reactions of the above ruthenium hydrazine complexes are also studied.
Domain-independent structured duplicate detection (2006)

The scalability of graph-search algorithms can be greatly extended by using external memory, such as disk, to store generated nodes. We consider structured duplicate detec-tion, an approach to external-memory graph search that limits the number of slow disk I/O operations needed to access search nodes stored on disk by using an abstract represen-tation of the graph to localize memory references. For graphs with sufficient locality, structured duplicate detection outper-forms other approaches to external-memory graph search. We develop an automatic method for creating an abstract repre-sentation that reveals the local structure of a graph. We then integrate this approach into a domain-independent STRIPS planner and show that it dramatically improves scalability for a wide range of planning problems. The success of this ap-proach strongly suggests that similar local structure can be found in many other graph-search problems.
Convolution Code Identification and Codeword Synchronization Based on Parity-Check Matrix (2008)

The matrix representation of convolution code and the relation between generation matrix and parity-check matrix are introduced briefly.Thus a new method of identification of convolution code based on the transcendent knowledge of parity-check matrix is presented.The method helps identify the type of convolution code and synchronize the codeword of sequence obtained in the communication detecting system through the parity-check matrix and it's relation with the data sequence received.The method makes the next step of decoding flexible and is validated by simulations conducted under the conditions that there are errors in the received data sequences and that there are not.