gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Malaria in Children: Clinical Implications of Cytoadherence (1990)

In endemic areas, most of the people who die from falciparum malaria are young children. Death is commonly preceded by coma (cerebral malaria). The possible role of cytoadherence in this clinical picture is considered.
Hydroxypropyl Guar−Borate Interactions with Tear Film Mucin and Lysozyme (2005)

The interactions of hydroxypropyl guar (HPG) with boric acid, lysozyme, and mucin were characterized by rheology, light scattering, electrophoresis, and isothermal titration calorimetry to help understand how HPG interacts with tear film components. Borate binds to guar under pH, temperature, and ionic strength conditions representative of those found in the eye. The HPG-borate complexes behave as anionic polyelectrolytes and thus interact with cationic lysozyme, a major tear film protein, whereas HPG-borate does not appear to bind to mucin, an anionic glycoprotein. The interactions of HPG, borate, lysozyme, and mucin can be explained by two physical interactions: (1) pH-dependent binding of borate to carbohydrates and (2) the electrostatic attraction of oppositely charged macromolecules.
Hapten-specific IgE antibody responses in mice. IV. Evidence for distinctive sensitivities of IgE and IgG B lymphocytes to the regulatory influence of T cells. (1974)

The studies presented in this paper were performed to compare the responses of B lymphocytes of the IgG and IgE classes, respectively, to relatively constant conditions of activated T cell participation in antibody production by these cells. Two systems were employed: a) regulation of antibody responses by a potent nonantigen-specific T cell influence provided by the reaction of allogeneic T cells with alloantigens on the surface of antigen-specific B cells (“allogeneic effect”); and b) induction of adoptive secondary cooperative anti-hapten antibody responses by administering hapten and carrier determinants on separate molecules. The data presented here demonstrate that the allogeneic effect, although providing a potent mechanism for stimulating IgG B lymphocytes, either fails to stimulate or suppresses IgE B cells under the same conditions. Furthermore, under circumstances where antibody responses are elicited by administering nonlinked hapten and carrier determinants, the evidence implies that IgE B cells can be stimulated to a greater extent than IgG B cells in conditions of limited T cell participation. Taken collectively, these data support the concept that differences observed in the degree of helper function for one or the other antibody class may reflect differences in sensitivities of IgE vs IgG B cells to the complex enhancing and suppressive regulatory influences of the same T cell populations rather than to the existence of different T cells for different immunoglobulin classes.
Differential mobility spectrometry of chlorocarbons with a micro-fabricated drift tube (2004)

Chlorocarbons were ionized through gas phase chemistry at ambient pressure in air and resultant ions were characterized using a micro-fabricated drift tube with differential mobility spectrometry (DMS). Positive and negative product ions were characterized simultaneously in a single drift tube equipped with a 3 mCi 63Ni ion source at 50 °C and drift gas of air with 1 ppm moisture. Scans of compensation voltage for most chlorocarbons produced differential mobility spectra with Cl− as the sole product ion and a few chlorocarbons produced adduct ions, M˙ Cl−. Detection limits were ∼20–80 pg for gas chromatography-DMS measurements. Chlorocarbons also yielded positive ions through chemical ionization in air and differential mobility spectra showed peaks with characteristic compensation voltages for each substance. Field dependence of mobility was determined for positive and negative ions of each substance and confirmed characteristic behavior for each ion. A DMS analyzer with a membrane inlet was used to continuously monitor effluent from columns of bentonite or synthetic silica beads to determine breakthrough volumes of individual chlorocarbons. These findings suggest a potential of DMS for monitoring subsurface environments either on site or perhaps in situ.
A Modified Plasma Arc Gas Condensation Technique to Synthesize Nanocrystalline Tungsten Oxide Powders (2005)

In the present study, nanocrystalline tungsten oxide powders were prepared by a modified plasma arc gas condensation technique where a gas nozzle was introduced to provide blowing gas. With the aid of the blowing gases, nanocrystalline tungsten oxide powders can be prepared under various chamber pressures ranged from 4.9 to 101.3 kPa. The mean grain size and powder production rate of the as-prepared nanocrystalline WO3 powders increased with increasing chamber pressure. For an increasing chamber pressure from 4.9 to 101.3 kPa, asignificant increase in powder production rate from 0.374 to 13.658 g/h can be noticed, while the mean grain size only enlarged acceptably from 5.9 to 15.7 nm. Meanwhile, by controlling the partial oxygen pressure of the mixed gas, nanocrystalline blue tungsten oxide powders can be prepared successfully. The blowing mixed gas from the nozzle not only suppressed the nucleation and growth for powders from the gas phase, but can be used to prepare stoichiometric or nonstoichiometric tungsten oxide powders.
Identification of multiple human calcitonin receptor isoforms: heterologous expression and pharmacological characterization (1995)

The human breast carcinoma cell line T47D is known to express high-affinity calcitonin receptors (CTRs). PCR amplification of the CTR cDNA from T47D mRNA resulted in the identification of two different cDNAs that encode distinct receptor isoforms, h alpha CTR and h beta CTR. The two cDNAs are identical except that the h alpha CTR cDNA contains a 48 bp insert sequence that encodes a 16 amino acid domain in the first cytosolic loop of the receptor. Stable transfection of each receptor cDNA into murine erythroleukaemia (MEL) cells resulted in the expression of receptors with high affinity for radiolabelled salmon calcitonin (h alpha CTR Kd 0.09 nM, h beta CTR Kd 0.12 nM). Ligand competition binding studies did not reveal any significant pharmacological difference between the receptor isoforms. In transfected MEL cells and COS-1 cells the h beta CTR isoform was expressed at tenfold higher levels than the h alpha CTR. A reporter gene assay that monitored the coupling of CTR to adenylate cyclase by increases in beta-galactosidase activity indicated that both receptors were able to stimulate cyclic AMP production in response to ligand binding.
A Stability Function for Explicit Evaluation of the Mullins-Sekerka Interface Stability Criterion (1965)

A stability function 𝒮 for explicit evaluation of the Mullins-Sekerka interface stability criterion is introduced and tabulated. Their criterion is then written in terms of 𝒮 and compared with the constitutional supercooling criterion for interface stability. From these results, experimental data can be analyzed and a conclusive test of the stability theory can be made.
Method of making inflatable honeycomb Patent (1967)

Technique for making foldable, inflatable, plastic honeycomb core panels for use in building and bridge structures, light and radio wave reflectors, and spacecraft
HLA restriction and TCR usage of T lymphocytes specific for a novel candidate autoantigen, X2 MBP, in multiple sclerosis. (1994)

Previous investigations of the major 18.5-kDa isoform of myelin basic protein (MBP) as a target autoantigen in multiple sclerosis (MS) have failed to identify an epitope uniformly recognized with higher frequency in MS patients compared with controls. Because remyelination has been observed in MS plaques, we were prompted to investigate T cells specific for myelin protein isoforms with up-regulated expression during remyelination. We have recently described such T cells that recognize the exon 2-encoded region of MBP (X2 MBP), a sequence included in the 21.5- and 20.2-kDa isoforms of MBP. These cells were shown to be CD4+, HLA class II restricted, and cytolytic. In members of one multiplex MS family, X2 MBP-specific T lymphocytes were as prevalent as T cells specific for immunodominant regions within the major 18.5-kDa isoform of MBP. The present study characterizes X2 MBP-specific T cell responses in additional multiplex MS family members as well as in heterogeneous (non-familial) MS patients and in healthy controls. The frequencies of X2 MBP-specific T cells in each of the affected family members from two of three MS families were significantly increased as compared with both the heterogeneous MS group and the healthy control group. Also, X2 MBP-specific T cell lines from affected family members were primarily restricted to molecules encoded by the DR2/DQw1 allele. Although TCR usage was generally heterogeneous, there was evidence of intraindividual sequence identity. These data suggest that: 1) Myelin proteins with up-regulated expression during the course of disease should be considered as candidate autoantigens in MS. 2) The functional basis for the association of DR2/DQw1 inheritance with MS susceptibility may be related to presentation of autoantigens by this allele. 3) TCR therapy will need to be individually tailored to target the most prevalent autoantigen-specific response.
Faraday rotation effects on l-band spaceborne sar data (2003)

Several proposed near-future spaceborne radar missions, such as the Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) and TerraSAR, will include an L-band instrument. At such low frequencies, the Faraday rotation in the ionosphere, which rotates the polarization plane of the radar signal, becomes an important consideration in instrument design. In this paper, both simple analytic approximations and numerical models are used to derive likely values of Faraday rotation and determine their impact on polarimetric imagery and derived products. One-way rotations exceeding 5/spl deg/ are likely to significantly reduce the accuracy of geophysical parameter recovery, such as forest biomass. On average, Faraday rotation can be neglected at solar minimum, but correction methods are needed at other times of the solar cycle and under disturbed conditions. Methods for implementing such corrections based on estimates of the Faraday rotation and prerotation of the transmitted signal are described.
Exosomes derived from MSCs ameliorate retinal laser injury partially by inhibition of MCP-1 (2016)

Although accumulated evidence supports the notion that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) act in a paracrine manner, the mechanisms are still not fully understood. Recently, MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos), a type of microvesicle released from MSCs, were thought to carry functional proteins and RNAs to recipient cells and play therapeutic roles. In the present study, we intravitreally injected MSCs derived from either mouse adipose tissue or human umbilical cord, and their exosomes to observe and compare their functions in a mouse model of laser-induced retinal injury. We found that both MSCs and their exosomes reduced damage, inhibited apoptosis, and suppressed inflammatory responses to obtain better visual function to nearly the same extent in vivo. Obvious down-regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 in the retina was found after MSC-Exos injection. In vitro, MSC-Exos also down-regulated MCP-1 mRNA expression in primarily cultured retinal cells after thermal injury. It was further demonstrated that intravitreal injection of an MCP-1-neutralizing antibody promoted the recovery of retinal laser injury, whereas the therapeutic effect of exosomes was abolished when MSC-Exos and MCP-1 were administrated simultaneously. Collectively, these results suggest that MSC-Exos ameliorate laser-induced retinal injury partially through down-regulation of MCP-1.
The Ca2+-binding S100A2 protein is differentially expressed in epithelial tissue of glandular or squamous origin. (2002)

It has been previously shown that S100A2 is downregulated in tumor cells. The level of immunohistochemical S100A2 expression was therefore characterized in 424 normal and tumoral (benign and malignant) tissues of various origins, but mostly epithelial (with either glandular, squamous, respiratory or urothelial differentiation). We also investigated whether S100A2 could be co-localized with cytokeratin K14, an intermediate filament protein expressed in basal proliferative keratinocytes. Our data show that S100A2 has a low level of expression in non-epithelial tissue. In epithelial tissue S100A2 expression decreases remarkably in the tumors when compared to the normal specimens, and was correlated with the level of keratin K14. This decrease in S100A2 staining from normal to cancer cases is more pronounced in glandular than in squamous epithelial tissue. In addition, the patterns of S100A2 staining also differ between glandular and squamous tissue. These data suggest distinct functional roles for S100A2 in epithelial tissue of squamous or glandular origins.
Predicting Vocational Rehabilitation Success for Psychiatric Patients with Psychological Tests (1967)

In studying the possibility of predicting to a success-fail vocational outcome criterion, information on 10 biographical variables and 6 psychological tests was gained from a group of psychiatric patients at the time of acceptance to a Vocational Rehabilitation Ward. Successful prediction from the biographical information was not possible, nor was prediction above the base rate of success possible from psychological tests for the total psychiatric population. Predictions well above the success base rate were possible for 3 of 4 groups when the information from psychological tests was evaluated separately for four major diagnostic populations. Information concerning patients' behavioral symptoms seems to be necessary in order to know which variables to use in a predictive model.
erbB-2 autophosphorylation is required for mitogenic action and high-affinity substrate coupling. (1992)

Autophosphorylation of gp185erbB-2 in vivo is confined to its carboxy terminus and is required for optimal erbB-2 transforming activity under conditions of receptor overexpression. It remains unresolved, however, to what extent autophosphorylation regulates erbB-2 mitogenic signaling in normal cells, nor is the biochemical basis for such a regulatory function known. To address these issues, we utilized a chimeric molecule encompassing the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) fused to the transmembrane and intracellular domains of the erbB-2 product. In this EGFR/erbB-2 chimera, erbB-2 kinase activity is regulated by EGF binding. An EGFR/erbB-2 mutant bearing multiple Tyr----Phe substitutions at erbB-2 autophosphorylation sites (EGFR/erbB-2 5P) displayed markedly reduced phosphotyrosine content following EGF stimulation in comparison with the non-mutated chimera. When expressed in NR6 cells, the EGFR/erbB-2 5P mutant was unable to deliver a sizeable mitogenic signal when activated by EGF at physiological levels. In intact cells, the 5P mutant was still able to stimulate phosphorylation of the gamma isozyme of phospholipase C (PLC-gamma), a prototype erbB-2 substrate, although with a delayed time course, indicating that the 5P mutation decreased the affinity of the erbB-2 kinase for this substrate. This conclusion was further supported by the inability of the 5P mutant to associate with PLC-gamma in co-immunoprecipitation experiments. We infer that a major role of autophosphorylation is to increase the affinity of the erbB-2 kinase for its cellular substrates, so that, under physiological conditions, autophosphorylation is absolutely required for erbB-2 mitogenic signaling.
Transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of immunoglobulin mRNA production during Blymphocyte development (1986)

A variety of cell lines representing different maturation stages of the B lymphocyte were used to analyse developmental changes in the transcriptional pattern through the mu-delta locus and the relationship between mu mRNA accumulation and transcriptional activity. As anticipated from earlier studies, we observed that RNA polymerase loading in the region between the mu m cleavage/poly A addition site and the delta 1 exon is markedly decreased in IgM secreting cells compared to cells bearing surface IgM or surface IgM and IgD. In several IgM secreting hybridomas, transcriptional termination mainly occurred downstream of the first mu m exon. Thus, the predominance of mu s-terminated transcripts in these cells would appear to be principally determined by RNA processing events, most likely by more efficient cleavage at the mu s poly A site and/or less efficient splicing of the C mu and mu m exons. In two plasmacytoma lines, polymerase unloading between the mu s and mu m sites also contributed significantly to the high mu s mRNA phenotype. Our results further indicate that posttranscriptional regulation is largely responsible for the greatly increased accumulation of mu mRNA in the IgM secretors. Interestingly, the sterile-mu RNA components do not seem to be subject to this posttranscriptional regulation.
183. Pentafluorosulphuroxy-derivatives of hexafluoropropene (1964)

J. R. Case and G. Pass, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 946 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640000946
Roles for Cyclopentenyl Cations in the Synthesis of Hydrocarbons from Methanol on Zeolite Catalyst HZSM-5 (2000)

In situ 13C NMR measurements on samples prepared using a pulse-quench catalytic reactor show that the 1,3-dimethylcyclopentenyl carbenium ion (1) is an intermediate in the synthesis of toluene from ethylene on zeolite catalyst HZSM-5. Cation 1 forms in less than 0.5 s when ethylene is pulsed onto the catalyst bed at 623 K, and its presence obviates the kinetic induction period for conversion of a subsequent pulse of dimethyl ether, or methanol, into olefins (MTO chemistry). The kinetic induction period returns when the interval between pulses is many times the half-life of 1 in the catalyst bed. Density functional theory calculations (B3LYP/ 6-311G**) on a cluster model of the zeolite confirm that 1 is stable in the zeolite as a free cation and suggest why the alternative framework alkoxy is not observed. A π complex of the neutral cyclic diene is only 2.2 kcal/mol higher in energy than that of the ion pair. Theoretical (GIAO-MP2/tzp) 13C isotropic shifts of isolated 1 are in good agreement with the experimental spectra of the cation in the zeolite. To understand how organic species entrained in the catalyst could promote MTO chemistry, we calculated a number of methylation reactions in the gas phase. We found that the diene formed by deprotonation of 1 is far more easily methylated than ethylene, propene, or toluene. The aggregate experimental and theoretical results reveal the essential features of a mechanism for MTO and methanol to gasoline (MTG) chemistry on a working catalyst.
Use of Ni-Ti shape memory alloys for thermal sensor-actuators (1992)

Ni-Ti shape memory actuators respond to temperature changes with a shape change. Therefore, they are sensors and actuators. They combine large motion, rather high forces and small size, thus providing high work output. They usually consist of only a single piece of metal, e.g., a helical spring, and do not require sophisticated mechanical systems. They often fit into tight spaces in given designs, where other thermal actuators, like thermostatic bimetals or wax actuators, would require a major redesign of the product. In flow-control or oil pressure control valves, for example, helical springs can be placed in the fluid path, without restricting the flow. Thus, they provide fast response to changes in temperature. Shape memory actuators have been used successfully in the areas of thermal compensation, thermal actuation, and thermal protection.
Application of Direct Gene Disruption Method in Recombinant Pichia pastoris (2007)

Proteolytic degradation has been a severe problem when Pichia pastoris is employed to express recombinant proteins.One alternative method to circumvent this problem is to construct protease gene disruptant.However,the main study of gene disruption is focused on nonrecombinant Pichia pastoris rather than recombinant strain.In our study,we established two different methods to directly disrupt PRC1 and KEX1 gene in recombinant Pichia pastoris.On the basis of this,we further discussed and compared the application and advantages of both methods.
Tortillas, trauma and tears: gendering El Salvadoran women’s participation in the 1980–1992 civil war (2001)

Throughout the centuries, armed conflict and the machinations of gender relations have been intimately entwined. In this paper the gendered impacts of armed conflict are discussed in relation to El Salvadoran women’s experiences of the 1980–1992 civil war. Drawn from the author’s fieldwork, testimonials are presented which highlight the contradictory nature of women’s experiences of conflict. It is argued that while the participation of large numbers of women in the Salvadoran civil war was almost unprecedented, this participation was generally undertaken in ways which entrenched oppressive sex role stereotypes in Salvadoran society and thus, in ways which acted to disempower, rather than empower Salvadoran women.
Speech activity detection and face orientation estimation using multiple microphone arrays and human position information (2015)

We developed a system for detecting the speech activity intervals of multiple speakers by combining multiple microphone arrays and human tracking technologies. We also proposed a method for estimating the face orientation of the detected speakers. The developed system was evaluated in two steps: individual utterances in different positions and orientations; and simultaneous dialogues by multiple speakers. Evaluation results revealed that the proposed system could detect speech activity intervals with more than 90% of accuracy, and face orientations with standard deviations within 30 degrees, in situations excluding the cases where all arrays are in the opposite direction to the speaker's face orientation.
Use of rapid scan correlation nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as a quantitative analytical method (1993)

Rapid scan correlation (RSC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy combines the advantages of rapidity of Fourier transform methods with advantages in dynamic range of continuous wave methods. A systematic investigation of the technique for quantitative analysis has been carried out. It is concluded, provided suitable precautions are taken, that RSCNMR can be useful as a quantitative method. Application is illustrated by the determination of ethanol in aqueous media and wines over the range 0.01–15% v/v.
Studies on organophosphorus compounds: Synthesis and reactions of [1,2,4,3]triaza‐phospholo[4,5‐<i>a</i>]quinoxaline derivative (2008)

Abstract 2,4‐Bis‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,3,2,4‐dithiadiphosphetane‐2,4‐disulfide (Lawesson's reagent) ( 1 ) reacted with 2‐hydrazino‐3‐methyl‐quinoxaline ( 2 ) to give [1,2,4,3]‐triazaphospholo[4,5‐ a ]quinoxaline derivative 3 . The Mannich reaction using different amines on compound 3 gave Mannich bases 4a–d . Also, compound 3 reacted with formaldehyde to give the corresponding 2‐hydroxymethyl derivative 5 , which upon reaction with thionyl chloride gave the corresponding chloromethyl derivative 6 . Treatment of compound 6 with some thiols yielded the corresponding sulfides 7a–d . Acylation of compound 3 gave acylated compounds 8a,b . Compound 9 , which was prepared through the reaction of compound 3 with ethyl cyanoacetate, was investigated as a starting material for the synthesis of some new heterocyclic systems 10–13 . Also, reaction of compound 9 with carbon disulfide and 2 equivalents of methyl iodide in a one‐pot reaction yielded the corresponding ketene‐S,S‐acetal 14 , which in turn reacted with bidentates to give some new heterocycles 15–17 . © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:520–529, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20473