gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrate-Based Label-Free Detection of <i>Escherichia coli</i> ORN 178 Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (2011)

A label-free biosensor for Escherichia coli (E. coli) ORN 178 based on faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was developed. α-Mannoside or β-galactoside was immobilized on a gold disk electrode using a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) via a spacer terminated in a thiol functionality. Impedance measurements (Nyquist plot) showed shifts due to the binding of E. coli ORN 178, which is specific for α-mannoside. No significant change in impedance was observed for E. coli ORN 208, which does not bind to α-mannoside. With increasing concentrations of E. coli ORN 178, electron-transfer resistance (R(et)) increases before the sensor is saturated. After the Nyquist plot of E. coli/mixed SAM/gold electrode was modeled, a linear relationship between normalized R(et) and the logarithmic value of E. coli concentrations was found in a range of bacterial concentration from 10(2) to 10(3) CFU/mL. The combination of robust carbohydrate ligands with EIS provides a label-free, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, robust, and portable biosensing system that could potentially be used in a point-of-care or continuous environmental monitoring setting.
The cosmic worm (1994)

Sometimes scientists would like to put their heads into interesting parts of their data sets and look around, but they are hampered by the "outside looking in" aspect of workstation-based visualization. At the Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL) at the University of Illinois at Chicago, we are attempting to break some of the visualization barriers with a distributed computing and visualization environment developed using the Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) virtual reality theater. In particular, we are trying to provide physicists and astrophysicists at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) a new vehicle for scientific discovery.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Properties and kinetics of thermally crystallized oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). II: Physical and optical properties (1998)

Abstract Recent processing advances, developed to improve barrier properties and thermal stability of oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), present a need to further study and understand the resultant material changes. The mechanical, optical, and infrared characteristics of PET sheets, previously oriented and subsequently thermally crystallized (under unconstrained conditions) have been investigated. The effects on properties, with respect to the initial mode of extension and extension ratio, have been studied. Results indicate that mechanical properties of this form of PET are dependent on the initial extension ratio, in addition to the initial mode of extension. Among thermally crystallized samples, optical property variations were found to be strong functions of initial extension ratios as well as the levels of thermal crystallinity achieved. Unoriented samples became completely opaque at low levels of thermally induced crystallinity, while highly oriented samples remained optically clear even with high levels of additional crystallinity induced by thermal exposure. Moderate levels of initial orientation were also found to inhibit the development of haze, resulting from additional thermal crystallization, although not to the extent observed for highly oriented samples. Crystal growth resulting from unconstrained thermal exposure was monitored using internal reflectance infrared spectroscopy. This growth was found to selectively occur in the directions of polymer chain orientation (alignment) for samples prepared under conditions of both uniaxial and equibiaxial stretching.
MicroRNA-93 regulates cyclin G2 expression and plays an oncogenic role in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (2014)

microRNA93 (miR-93) is expressed in the miR‑106b-25 cluster, located in intron 13 of the MCM7 gene. Our previous study found that miR-93 was significantly upregulated in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and cyclin G2 (CCNG2) was a potential target of miR-93 in LSCC. However, the possible functions and molecular mechanisms of miR-93 in LSCC remain unknown. In the present study, we show that the level of CCNG2 protein expression was significantly lower in LSCC cancer tissue than normal tissues. The level of CCNG2 was correlated with clinical stages, lymph node metastasis and histological grade. We further show that the expression level of miR-93 was inversely correlated with CCNG2 expression in clinical specimens. Furthermore, gain-of-function assays revealed that miR-93 promoted cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis rates, induced cell cycle arrest and promoted cell migration and invasion, whereas silencing of miR-93 attenuated these carcinogenic processes. In addition, overexpression of miR-93 in Hep-2 cells could reduce the mRNA and protein levels of CCNG2, whereas silencing of miR-93 in Hep-2 cells significantly increased CCNG2 expression. A luciferase assay verified that miR-93 could bind to the 3' untranslated region of CCNG2. Importantly, ectopic expression of CCNG2 in miR-93 cells rescued the effect of miR-93 on LSCC proliferation. Knockdown of CCNG2 promoted cell proliferation resembling that of miR-93 overexpression. These findings demonstrated that miR-93 promotes tumor growth by directly suppressing CCNG2. Taken together, these results suggested that this newly identified miR-93-CCNG2 axis may be involved in LSCC proliferation and progression. Our findings provide novel potential targets for LSCC therapy and prognosis.
SOFTWARE COMPONENTS FOR OBJECT-ORIENTED DATABASE SYSTEMS (1993)

Genesis is a software system generator for database management systems that relies exclusively on as-is large scale component reuse. We review the general model of software components on which Genesis is based and discuss component libraries for relational database systems that we have implemented. We then explain how we have evolved Genesis and its libraries to be able to synthesize object-oriented database systems. We study a subproblem of creating “self-tuning” software systems by examining the performance of selected components for object-oriented database systems.
Extreme F-measure maximization using sparse probability estimates (2016)

We consider the problem of (macro) F-measure maximization in the context of extreme multilabel classification (XMLC), i.e., multi-label classification with extremely large label spaces. We investigate several approaches based on recent results on the maximization of complex performance measures in binary classification. According to these results, the F-measure can be maximized by properly thresholding conditional class probability estimates. We show that a naive adaptation of this approach can be very costly for XMLC and propose to solve the problem by classifiers that efficiently deliver sparse probability estimates (SPEs), that is, probability estimates restricted to the most probable labels. Empirical results provide evidence for the strong practical performance of this approach.
Optimizing Seed Aging for Single Crystal Gold Nanorod Growth: The Critical Role of Gold Nanocluster Crystal Structure (2016)

Controlled synthesis of single crystal gold nanorods (Au NRs) with desired dimensions, narrow polydispersity, and minimal byproducts depends critically on the state of the seed solution. Herein, we clarify the growth of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide stabilized Au seeds and their impact on conventional seed-mediated growth of Au NRs. UV–vis spectroscopy, TEM microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering reveal that during aging of the seed solution, constituents evolve from solubilized Au-salt precursors (Au[III]) to Au nanoclusters (Aun) to multitwinned Au nanocrystals. The most consistent single crystal Au NR growth, with minimal byproducts, occurs when the seed solution contains the maximum concentration of small (<1 nm) nanoclusters (n < 55, 1 min < tage < 10 min at T = 25 °C). This point can be identified spectroscopically between 300 and 480 nm. Additionally, the optimal clusters coincide approximately with a relative shift in structural equilibrium of closed-shell Au nanoclusters from predominately cuboctahedral to icosahedral. Geometrically, a cuboctahedral cluster can evolve into a single crystal fcc lattice, whereas an icosahedral cluster must adopt a twinned structure upon growth. This shift is consistent with the increased number fraction of polycrystalline byproducts (e.g., twinned spherical particles and rods) if the seeds are aged beyond this point. Therefore, these observations suggest that the unique structural properties of Aun nanoclusters are paramount to the initial formation of single crystal seeds and their subsequent anisotropic growth.
Quantum tunneling time of a Bose-Einstein condensate traversing through a laser-induced potential barrier (2010)

We theoretically study the effect of atomic nonlinearity on the tunneling time in the case of an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) traversing the laser-induced potential barrier. The atomic nonlinearity is controlled to appear only in the region of the barrier by employing the Feshbach resonance technique to tune interatomic interaction in the tunneling process. Numerical simulation shows that the atomic nonlinear effect dramatically changes the tunneling behavior of the BEC matter wave packet and results in the violation of the Hartman effect and the occurrence of negative tunneling time.
Distributed construction of energy-efficient ad hoc wireless broadcast trees (2002)

Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.
Remarks on the minimum phase property of optimal prediction error filters and some related questions (1998)

The minimum-phase property of optimal linear one-step prediction-error filters is proved for a quite large group of different error criteria. From specific examples it follows that neither optimal prediction filters nor optimal multistep prediction-error filters need to be minimum-phase.
Radiologic Localization of the Laryngeal Mask Airway in Children (1992)

In the absence of data on the anatomic localization of the cuff of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in children, radiologic images were obtained from 50 infants and children (aged 1 month to 15 yr) undergoing diagnostic radiologic procedures during halothane and N2O:O2 anesthesia. In 46 patients, the cuff of the LMA was in the pharynx and covered the laryngeal opening. The upper (proximal) section was adjacent to the base of the tongue at the level of C1 or C2 vertebrae pushing the tongue forward and its lower (distal) end was in the inferior recesses of the hypopharynx at the levels of C4 to T1 vertebrae. The cuff of LMA at this position between the base of the tongue above the epiglottis and below the laryngeal opening, covered the laryngeal aperture, forming a low pressure seal at the entrance of the larynx. In 37 of these 46 patients, a posterior deflection of the epiglottis was noted (< 45 degrees), and in only 9, the epiglottis was in the anatomic position. In four patients, the cuff of the LMA was located in the oropharynx. No correlation was found between the size of the LMA and the position of the epiglottis with respect to end-tidal CO2, respiratory rate, or the leak pressures. The size of the LMA, its anatomic location, and the position of the epiglottis had no significant effect on the respiratory parameters of spontaneously breathing children.
Early Pregnancy Factor is Required at Two Important Stages of Embryonic Development in the Mouse (2000)

These results, together with previous findings that anti-EPF antibodies retard embryonic development when administered at the early pre-implantation stage, clearly demonstrate that EPF is required by the embryo at two important developmental stages- the one-two-cell stage and the peri-implantation stage.
A Common Genetic Variant Is Associated with Adult and Childhood Obesity (2006)

Obesity is a heritable trait and a risk factor for many common diseases such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension. We used a dense whole-genome scan of DNA samples from the Framingham Heart Study participants to identify a common genetic variant near the INSIG2 gene associated with obesity. We have replicated the finding in four separate samples composed of individuals of Western European ancestry, African Americans, and children. The obesity-predisposing genotype is present in 10% of individuals. Our study suggests that common genetic polymorphisms are important determinants of obesity.
CHOLLA GUM: II. STRUCTURE OF THE UNDEGRADED CHOLLA GUM (1966)

Cholla gum (Opuntiafulgida) has partially been degraded to yield several oligosaccharides and a degraded polymer. The structure of the degraded polymer was reported in an earlier paper. Six of the oligosaccharides formed have been isolated in a pure state and identified. They are (i) 6-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-galactose, (ii) 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-galactose, (iii) 3-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-L-arabinose, (iv) 5-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-L-arabinose, (v) 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-L-arabinose (?), and (vi) a new trisaccharide O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 5)-O-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1 → 3)-L-arabinose. The purified gum was subjected to Smith-type degradation, and the results of this experiment are compared with the methylation studies carried out earlier. On the basis of all this information plus the suggested structure for the degraded gum, it is proposed that the repeating unit of the polysaccharide consists of a total of 36 sugar residues with a backbone of 1 → 6 linked galactose residues.
Interferometric fiber arms for stellar interferometry (1994)

In a synthesized aperture implemented for stellar interferometry application, the star light usually travels by mirrors train to reach the interferometric mixing station. Using fibers the number of freedom degrees to be controlled is reduced. Parameters to be servo are the fiber length, the dispersion compensation and the polarization control. We report experimental results demonstrating the fiber length stabilization with a 5 nm accuracy, the dispersion compensation over a 300 nm spectral bandwidth (600-900 nm) and the control of polarization effects.
Research on network marketing of real estate enterprises (2010)

Along with Internet and home-buyer's youth oriented development, network sale has already become one of very important models. This article carries on analysis of current situation of real estate marketing network, proposes existence question, then provides specific thought for network marketing construction of real estate enterprise, implementation and CRM. This provides the thought for real estate enterprises to raise efficiency for real estate enterprises, to reduce the cost and to promote enterprise brand development. Also, this provides general home-buyers with beneficial help, such as providing fast, convenient on-line information and services, realizing online customization and procurement and improving efficiency.
TEXTURE COMPRESSION IN MEMORY AND PERFORMANCE-CONSTRAINED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS (2011)

More embedded systems gain increasing multimedia capabilities, including computer graphics. Although this is mainly due to their increasing computational capability, optimizations of algorithms and data structures are important as well, since these systems have to fulfill a variety of constraints and cannot be geared solely towards performance. In this paper, the two most popular texture compression methods (DXT1 and PVRTC) are compared in both image quality and decoding performance aspects. For this, both have been ported to the ePUMA platform which is used as an example of energy consumption optimized embedded systems. Furthermore, a new DXT1 encoder has been developed which reaches higher image quality than existing encoders.
RGTA® or ReGeneraTing Agents mimic heparan sulfate in regenerative medicine: from concept to curing patients (2016)

The importance of extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity in maintaining normal tissue function is highlighted by numerous pathologies and situations of acute and chronic injury associated with dysregulation or destruction of ECM components. Heparan sulfate (HS) is a key component of the ECM, where it fulfils important functions associated with tissue homeostasis. Its degradation following tissue injury disrupts this delicate equilibrium and may impair the wound healing process. ReGeneraTing Agents (RGTA<sup>®</sup>s) are polysaccharides specifically designed to replace degraded HS in injured tissues. The unique properties of RGTA<sup>®</sup> (resistance to degradation, binding and protection of ECM structural and signaling proteins, like HS) permit the reconstruction of the ECM, restoring both structural and biochemical functions to this essential substrate, and facilitating the processes of tissue repair and regeneration. Here, we review 25 years of research surrounding this HS mimic, supporting the mode of action, pre-clinical studies and therapeutic efficacy of RGTA<sup>®</sup> in the clinic, and discuss the potential of RGTA<sup>®</sup> in new branches of regenerative medicine.
Stratified reference model an open architecture approach for B-ISDN (2005)

For the past one or two decades, the global digital telecommunication environment has become more and more complex. The need for conceptual tools, to keep items related to the design, the evolution; the description, the planning and the analysis of the network within manageable complexity limits, has thus steadily increased. Currently, this need is even more accentuated since the bases of B-ISDN are in the melting-pot.
Optical decoherence studies of yttrium oxyorthosilicate Y<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>SiO<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>codoped with Er<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math>and Eu<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math>for optical signal processing and quantum information applications at 1.5 microns (2012)

We report detailed studies of the optical decoherence and spectroscopic properties of the 1536-nm optical transition of the bandwidth-engineered material 0.02$%$Er:1$%$Eu:Y${}_{2}$SiO${}_{5}$. This work is motivated by the need for comprehensive understanding of new resonant optical materials for spatial-spectral holography and quantum information applications. The dependence of optical decoherence on excitation frequency, applied magnetic field strength and orientation, crystal temperature, measurement time scale, and optical excitation density was studied using stimulated photon echo spectroscopy and time-resolved spectral hole-burning techniques. The effects of weak disorder generated by the introduction of Eu${}^{3+}$ ions into the lattice was probed by comparing measurements across the static disorder-induced distribution of transition frequencies as well as by comparing with measurements on 0.02$%$Er:Y${}_{2}$SiO${}_{5}$. The results reveal that the coherence properties of Er:Y${}_{2}$SiO${}_{5}$ are preserved in the disordered system; moreover, the increased inhomogeneity produced by the disorder acts to suppress optical decoherence by inhibiting the electronic spin diffusion process, improving material properties for low magnetic field strengths and at increased temperatures desirable for practical applications.
Two Antigenic Peptides from Genes <i>m123</i> and <i>m164</i> of Murine Cytomegalovirus Quantitatively Dominate CD8 T-Cell Memory in the <i>H-2</i> <sup> <i>d</i> </sup> Haplotype (2002)

The importance of CD8 T cells for the control of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has raised interest in the identification of immunogenic viral proteins as candidates for vaccination and cytoimmunotherapy. The final aim is to determine the viral "immunome" for any major histocompatibility complex class I molecule by antigenicity screening of proteome-derived peptides. For human CMV, there is a limitation to this approach: the T cells used as responder cells for peptide screening are usually memory cells that have undergone in vivo selection. On this basis, pUL83 (pp65) and pUL123 (IE1 or pp68 to -72) were classified as immunodominant proteins. It is an open question whether this limited "memory immunome" really reflects the immunogenic potential of the human CMV proteome. Here we document an analogous focus of the memory repertoire on two proteins of murine CMV. Specifically, ca. 80% of all memory CD8 T cells in the spleen as well as in persisting pulmonary infiltrates were found to be specific for the known IE1 peptide 168YPHFMPTNL176 and for the peptide 257AGPPRYSRI265, newly defined here, derived from open reading frame m164. Notably, CD8 T-cell lines of both specificities protected against acute infection upon adoptive transfer. In contrast, the natural immune response to acute infection in draining lymph nodes and in the lungs indicated a somewhat broader specificity repertoire. We conclude that the low number of antigenic peptides identified so far for CMVs reflects a focused memory repertoire, and we predict that more antigenic peptides will be disclosed by analysis of the acute immune response.
HEURISTICS FOR INTEGER PROGRAMMING USING SURROGATE CONSTRAINTS (1977)

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a class of surrogate constraint heuristics for obtaining approximate, near optimal solutions to integer programming problems. These heuristics are based on a simple framework that illuminates the character of several earlier heuristic proposals and provides a variety of new alternatives. The paper also proposes additional heuristics that can be used either to supplement the surrogate constraint procedures or to provide independent solution strategies. Preliminary computational results are reported for applying one of these alternatives to a class of nonlinear generalized set covering problems involving approximately 100 constraints and 300–500 integer variables. The solutions obtained by the tested procedure had objective function values twice as good as values obtained by standard approaches ( e.g. , reducing the best objective function values of other methods from 85 to 40 on the average. Total solution time for the tested procedure ranged from ten to twenty seconds on the CDC 6600.