gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SAVERS: SAR ATR with Verification Support Based on Convolutional Neural Network (2018)

We propose a new convolutional neural network (CNN) which performs coarse and fine segmentation for end-to-end synthetic aperture radar (SAR) automatic target recognition (ATR) system. In recent years, many CNNs for SAR ATR using deep learning have been proposed, but most of them classify target classes from fixed size target chips extracted from SAR imagery. On the other hand, we proposed the CNN which outputs the score of the multiple target classes and a background class for each pixel from the SAR imagery of arbitrary size and multiple targets as fine segmentation. However, it was necessary for humans to judge the CNN segmentation result. In this report, we propose a CNN called SAR ATR with verification support (SAVERS), which performs region-wise (i.e. coarse) segmentation and pixel-wise segmentation. SAVERS discriminates between target and non-target, and classifies multiple target classes and non-target class by coarse segmentation. This report describes the evaluation results of SAVERS using the Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) dataset.
Considerations on the so-called stele of 425 at Wanfosi 萬佛寺 (Chengdu 成都, Sichuan 四川) (2004)

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A Distributed Algorithm for Constrained Flooding of IGP Advertisements (2018)

This document describes a distributed algorithm that can be applied to
the problem of constraining IGP flooding in dense mesh topologies. The
flooding topology utilizes two node-diverse spanning trees in order to
provide complete coverage in the presence of any single failure while
constraining the number of LSAs received by any IGP speaker connected
to the flooding topology.
Picornaviral processing: Some new ideas (1987)

Mature picornaviral proteins are derived by progressive, post-translational cleavage of a giant precursor polyprotein. At least three viral-encoded proteolytic activities are involved in the processing. The first cleavage takes place while the polyprotein is still nascent on a ribosome. In poliovirus, this event is probably catalyzed by peptide 2A, a protein from the middle portion of the genome. Most subsequent processing is effected by viral protease 3C, a thiol-type enzyme, responsible for eight to ten self-cleaving and autocatalytic reactions within the polyprotein. The final proteolytic processing event, maturation of the VPO peptide, may occur by a novel, autocatalytic, serine-type mechanism, where viral RNA serves as proton-acceptor during the cleavage reaction.
Genetic characterization of<i>rec</i>-1, a mutant of<i>Ustilago maydis</i>defective in repair and recombination (1976)

SUMMARY Detailed physiological and genetic studies of haploid and diploid strains have revealed a complex phenotype for the rec -1 mutation in Ustilago maydis . The mutant is defective in the repair of damage by UV light, ionizing radiation and nitrosoguanidine. Four alleles are all recessive and have the same sensitivity to UV, suggesting the loss of a single cellular function. A significant fraction of non-viable cells is formed during growth, and in diploid strains considerable variation in colony size and morphology is seen. The spontaneous frequency of mutation is greater than in wild-type cells, but there is little, if any, enhancement by irradiation. rec -1 also has pleiotropic effects on genetic recombination. The spontaneous level of mitotic allelic or non-allelic recombination is abnormally high, but the relative increase after irradiation is much lower than in control diploids. Allelic recombination is strongly associated with the expression of a hetozygous recessive distal marker, and it is shown that this is often due to hemizygosity rather than to homozygosity of this marker. The results indicate that allelic recombination is due to crossing over rather than gene conversion, but that the cross over is often associated with a chromatid break. rec -1 interacts with other radiation sensitive mutants, such as rec -2. Diploids homozygous for both are totally deficient in allelic recombination. In crosses between rec -1 strains meiosis is defective, with a low viability of meiotic products and frequent production of aneuploids or diploids among the survivors. The overall phenotype of rec -1 strains can best be explained in terms of the loss of a regulatory function, which leads to uncontrolled recombination during mitosis and meiosis, and the loss of a recombination repair pathway which is normally induced by agents which damage DNA.
Stevia (2008)

Abstract Stevia ( Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)) is a small bush native to Paraguay. Stevia has been traditionally used as a medicinal herb for hundreds of years in various parts of the world. Stevia leaves are a rich source of a natural sweetener “stevioside” which is up to 300 times sweeter than sucrose. Stevia products are primarily known to be used as artificial low‐calorie sweetener while other important characteristics include antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, and antiyeast activity. However, studies have shown that the stevioside content of leaves can vary substantially (5–20%) between individual plants. Such inherent natural variability could be partially explained by self‐incompatible nature of the flowers. Moreover, it is difficult to increase the commercial scale production by conventional means of sexual seed production due to poor seed germination. In addition, limited vegetative propagation is also a major constraint in Stevia production. The worldwide demand for high potency sweeteners is expected to increase in the near future that implicates developing alternative methods for rapid production of plants with high and uniform yields of sweeteners. Various efforts including in vitro clonal propagation, gene transfer using cutting edge DNA delivery systems, rapid production and high frequency regeneration of transgenic homogenous population plants have been discussed in detail. Maximizing Stevia production through unconventional methods will unleash its potential to become an important nutritional and therapeutic supplement for the growing natural food market in the future.
The impact of environmental factors on carbon dioxide fixation by microalgae (2017)

Microalgae are among the most productive biological systems for converting sunlight into chemical energy, which is used to capture and transform inorganic carbon into biomass. The efficiency of carbon dioxide capture depends on the cultivation system configuration (photobioreactors or open systems) and can vary according to the state of the algal physiology, the chemical composition of the nutrient medium, and environmental factors such as irradiance, temperature and pH. This mini-review is focused on some of the most important environmental factors determining photosynthetic activity, carbon dioxide biofixation, cell growth rate and biomass productivity by microalgae. These include carbon dioxide and O2 concentrations, light intensity, cultivation temperature and nutrients. Finally, a review of the operation of microalgal cultivation systems outdoors is presented as an example of the impact of environmental conditions on biomass productivity and carbon dioxide fixation.
Rapid degradation of disulfiram by serum albumin. (1983)

Interaction of disulfiram (DSF, tetraethylthiuram disulfide) with human plasma and albumin was studied by high performance liquid chromatography. Incubation of DSF with plasma resulted in a rapid reduction of the parent drug into diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC). At initial stages of incubation about one half of DDC in the reaction mixture was bound to protein. On further incubation, concentration of protein-bound DDC exceeded the concentration of free DDC. Similar results were obtained when DSF was incubated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) indicating that albumin is the major component of human plasma involved in the reduction of DSF. These data have implications both for the laboratory assay of DSF in human plasma and for the therapeutic use of the drug. When assaying the drug in plasma or serum, DSF standards prepared in protein solution for calibration should take into account the distribution of DSF into the parent drug and its derivatives in a time and protein concentration dependent manner. In a clinical setting, patients with a low serum albumin concentration might require small doses of DSF to achieve an optimal therapeutic effect.
Mechanism of Transcription Factor Recruitment by Acidic Activators (2005)

Many transcriptional activators are intrinsically unstructured yet display unique, defined conformations when bound to target proteins. Target-induced folding provides a mechanism by which activators could form specific interactions with an array of structurally unrelated target proteins. Evidence for such a binding mechanism has been reported previously in the context of the interaction between the cancer-related c-Myc protein and the TATA-binding protein, which can be modeled as a two-step process in which a rapidly forming, low affinity complex slowly converts to a more stable form, consistent with a coupled binding and folding reaction. To test the generality of the target-induced folding model, we investigated the binding of two widely studied acidic activators, Gal4 and VP16, to a set of target proteins, including TATA-binding protein and the Swi1 and Snf5 subunits of the Swi/Snf chromatin remodeling complex. Using surface plasmon resonance, we show that these activator-target combinations also display bi-phasic kinetics suggesting two distinct steps. A fast initial binding phase that is inhibited by high ionic strength is followed by a slow phase that is favored by increased temperature. In all cases, overall affinity increases with temperature and, in most cases, with increased ionic strength. These results are consistent with a general mechanism for recruitment of transcriptional components to promoters by naturally occurring acidic activators, by which the initial contact is mediated predominantly through electrostatic interactions, whereas subsequent target-induced folding of the activator results in a stable complex.
A Comparison of Control Algorithms for DSTATCOM (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, a Distribution STATic COMpensator (DSTATCOM) is proposed for compensation of reactive power and unbalance caused by various loads in distribution system. An evaluation of three different methods is made to derive reference currents for a DSTATCOM. These methods are an instantaneous reactive power theory, a synchronous reference frame theory, and a new Adaline-based algorithm. The Adaline-based algorithm is an adaptive method for extracting reference current signals. These schemes are simulated under MATLAB environment using SIMULINK and PSB toolboxes. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the performance of these schemes for the control of DSTATCOM. </para>
Connecting haptic interface with a robot (2005)

Specific issues of force-reflected telemanipulating systems are addressed in this article. The authors' approach that might be used in robotic assisted surgery is based on combination of the best and complementary characteristics of a human operator and of a robot. Simultaneously the operator uses his own judgement, manually guides the slave robot, while the master robot (haptic interface) provides both the geometric accuracy through software motion constraint and tactile feedback for the operator. A three degree of freedom (DOF (x, y, z)) force feedback telemanipulating system was built. It is based on the PHANTOM Premium 1.5 haptic interface acting as a master and the ASEA IRb 6 industrial robot acting as a slave robot arm. A new control scheme was introduced, the position-error-based force reflection scheme with variable gain. This method was used for the "tele-drilling" experiment carried out on various hard and soft materials including aluminium, wood, bone and soap. The geometric accuracy and fixation along the z axis of drilling were achieved by a cylindrical motion constraint in software of a master robot arm.
The β‐adrenoceptor blocking properties of the α‐methyl analogues of propranolol and practolol in the anaesthetized dog (1973)

Summary The β‐adrenoceptor blocking properties of α‐methyl propranolol and α‐methyl practolol were determined in anaesthetized dogs according to their abilities to modify the isoprenaline‐induced effects on diastolic pressure, heart rate, myocardial contractile force, femoral arterial blood flow and pulmonary airway resistance. α‐Methyl propranolol shifted the isoprenaline dose‐response curves for the fall in diastolic pressure and the positive inotropic and chronotropic responses to the right in a parallel manner yielding pA 2 and slope values of 6·66 (0·92), 6·34 (0·77) and 6·59 (0·61) respectively. The slopes of the graphs for determining pA 2 values for the cardiac β‐adrenoceptor blocking properties of α‐methyl propranolol were significantly less than 1 and indicated a mechanism other than simple, competitive, reversible antagonism. α‐Methyl propranolol exerted a much weaker blockade of respiratory smooth muscle β‐adrenoceptors than has been reported for propranolol. α‐Methyl practolol exerted a weaker blocking effect on myocardial β‐adrenoceptors than has been reported for practolol. No significant blockade of vascular or respiratory smooth muscle β‐adrenoceptors occurred after a total cumulative dose of 10 μg/kg of α‐methyl practolol. α‐Methyl substitution of propranolol and practolol reduces the potency but increases the selectivity of their β‐adrenoceptor blocking properties. The β‐adrenoceptors subserving cardiac stimulation, vasodilatation and bronchodilatation are representative of three different β‐adrenoceptor sub‐types in the dog.
Optimum Design of Short-Channel 4H-SiC Power DMOSFETs (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Multiple Myosin II Heavy Chain Kinases: Roles in Filament Assembly Control and Proper Cytokinesis in <i>Dictyostelium</i> (2005)

Myosin II filament assembly in Dictyostelium discoideum is regulated via phosphorylation of residues located in the carboxyl-terminal portion of the myosin II heavy chain (MHC) tail. A series of novel protein kinases in this system are capable of phosphorylating these residues in vitro, driving filament disassembly. Previous studies have demonstrated that at least three of these kinases (MHCK A, MHCK B, and MHCK C) display differential localization patterns in living cells. We have created a collection of single, double, and triple gene knockout cell lines for this family of kinases. Analysis of these lines reveals that three MHC kinases appear to represent the majority of cellular activity capable of driving myosin II filament disassembly, and reveals that cytokinesis defects increase with the number of kinases disrupted. Using biochemical fractionation of cytoskeletons and in vivo measurements via fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), we find that myosin II overassembly increases incrementally in the mutants, with the MHCK A(-)/B(-)/C(-) triple mutant showing severe myosin II overassembly. These studies suggest that the full complement of MHC kinases that significantly contribute to growth phase and cytokinesis myosin II disassembly in this organism has now been identified.
Transmission electron microscopy of aluminum implanted and annealed (100) Si: Direct evidence of aluminum precipitate formation (1986)

Aluminum implantation into (100) Si has been studied here by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), secondary ion mass spectrometry, and spreading resistance methods. For the implantation conditions (2×1015 cm−2, 200 keV, room temperature) used in our experiments a buried amorphous layer is created from 50 to 300 nm below the surface. During N2 annealing at 600–1000 °C, two discrete layers of dislocations at (110 and 330 nm) bounding a band of precipitates (&gt;1011 cm−2) were created, accompanied by a pronounced redistribution of Al in the implanted region. Three Al peaks at depths corresponding to the defect layers observed by TEM appeared. The positions and number of the peaks remained almost unaffected as a function of annealing temperature. High resolution TEM showed that the band of precipitate contained oriented Al particles and that these particles also nucleated on dislocations. The stability of the Al peak and associated low electrical activity (&lt;10%) has been explained by taking into account the formation of Al precipitates and their interaction with the oxygen in the surrounding regions.
Passive Wireless MEMS Microphones for Biomedical Applications (2005)

This paper introduces passive wireless telemetry based operation for high frequency acoustic sensors. The focus is on the development, fabrication, and evaluation of wireless, battery-less SAW-IDT MEMS microphones for biomedical applications. Due to the absence of batteries, the developed sensors are small and as a result of the batch manufacturing strategy are inexpensive which enables their utilization as disposable sensors. A pulse modulated surface acoustic wave interdigital transducer (SAW-IDT) based sensing strategy has been formulated. The sensing strategy relies on detecting the ac component of the acoustic pressure signal only and does not require calibration. The proposed sensing strategy has been successfully implemented on an in-house fabricated SAW-IDT sensor and a variable capacitor which mimics the impedance change of a capacitive microphone. Wireless telemetry distances of up to 5 centimeters have been achieved. A silicon MEMS microphone which will be used with the SAW-IDT device is being microfabricated and tested. The complete passive wireless sensor package will include the MEMS microphone wire-bonded on the SAW substrate and interrogated through an on-board antenna. This work on acoustic sensors breaks new ground by introducing high frequency (i.e., audio frequencies) sensor measurement utilizing SAW-IDT sensors. The developed sensors can be used for wireless monitoring of body sounds in a number of different applications, including monitoring breathing sounds in apnea patients, monitoring chest sounds after cardiac surgery, and for feedback sensing in compression (HFCC) vests used for respiratory ventilation. Another promising application is monitoring chest sounds in neonatal care units where the miniature sensors will minimize discomfort for the newborns.
An Interview With Mine Awareness Expert Mr. Porfirio Gomez (2004)

One of the key components of the Mine Action Program of the Organization of American States (OAS) is mine risk education (MRE). It is the belief of the program that the most important measure one can take to ensure that affected communities practice safe behavior is to educate them on the risks associated with landmines and UXO. The objective of this component is to not solely attain the reduction of the risk of injury or death by promoting safe behavior, but also provide solutions to high-risk behavior that is observed in some affected communities. This is done through a number of mechanisms including mass media, visits to communities and a variety of school programs. It is also important to highlight the reciprocal relationship of MRE with the affected communities. The members of a community not only learn about the dangers of anti-personnel mines, but also, in specific cases where no mine registry exists, are the principal source of information for locating mined areas and UXO. Mr. Porfirio Gomez, a mine awareness expert in Nicaragua, lent valuable insight into the MRE campaign in Nicaragua.
Dengue virus (DENV) antibody-dependent enhancement of infection upregulates the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, but suppresses anti-DENV free radical and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, in THP-1 cells (2007)

The immunopathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome is thought to be mediated by a variety of host factors. Enhancing antibodies are one of the key regulating molecules. These antibodies, via antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection, are able to facilitate dengue virus (DENV) growth in Fc-bearing host cells. The mechanism of ADE-enhanced DENV production is believed to be mediated through increasing the infected-cell mass. In the present work, the effect of ADE infection was explored further, focusing on the post-entry events of ADE infection. It was hypothesized that the higher virus production in ADE infection compared with DENV infection may be due to the ability of this infection pathway to suppress key antiviral molecules. Therefore, the influence of ADE infection on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-12 (IL-12), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6 and IL-10, was investigated and it was found that DENV infection via the Fc receptor-mediated pathway was able to suppress the transcription and translation of IL-12, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. In contrast, infection via this route facilitated expression and synthesis of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10. Moreover, this study demonstrates that the ADE infection pathway also suppresses an innate anti-DENV mediator, nitric oxide radicals, by disrupting the transcription of the iNOS gene transcription factor, IRF-1, and blocking the activation of STAT-1. In conclusion, ADE infection not only facilitates the entry process, but also modifies innate and adaptive intracellular antiviral mechanisms, resulting in unrestricted DENV replication in THP-1 cells.
Biobased poly(2,5‐furandimethylene succinate‐<i>co</i>‐butylene succinate) crosslinked by reversible Diels–Alder reaction (2013)

ABSTRACT We synthesized biobased poly(2,5‐furandimethylene succinate‐ co ‐butylene succinate) [P(FS‐ co ‐BS)] copolymers by polycondensation of 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)furan, 1,4‐butanediol, and succinic acid. These copolymers could be crosslinked to form network polymers by means of a reversible Diels–Alder reaction with bis‐maleimide. The thermal properties, mechanical properties, and healing abilities of the P(FS‐ co ‐BS)s and the network polymers were investigated. The mechanical properties of the network polymers depended on the comonomer composition of the P(FS‐ co ‐BS)s and the maleimide/furan ratio in the network polymers. Some of the copolymers exhibited healing ability at room temperature, and their healing efficiency was enhanced by solvent or heat. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52 , 216–222
Development of a clinical decision model for thyroid nodules (2009)

An integrated predictive decision model using Bayesian inference incorporating readily obtainable thyroid nodule measures is clinically relevant, as it effectively predicts malignancy in thyroid nodules. This model warrants further validation testing in prospective clinical trials.
Synthesis of NTA3-DTDA — A Chelator-Lipid that Promotes Stable Binding of His-Tagged Proteins to Membranes (2006)

A six-step reaction sequence is described for the preparation of compound 1 (NTA3-DTDA), a membrane-penetrating and potent chelator that can be incorporated into liposomes and plasma membrane vesicles containing antigens and thus allowing targeted delivery of such assemblies to a variety of cells for the purposes of eliciting anti-tumour responses. Full spectroscopic characterization of this dendritic-type compound as well as certain of its precursors is reported.