gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A cellulose liquid crystal motor: a steam engine of the second kind (2013)

The salient feature of liquid crystal elastomers and networks is strong coupling between orientational order and mechanical strain. Orientational order can be changed by a wide variety of stimuli, including the presence of moisture. Changes in the orientation of constituents give rise to stresses and strains, which result in changes in sample shape. We have utilized this effect to build soft cellulose-based motor driven by humidity. The motor consists of a circular loop of cellulose film, which passes over two wheels. When humid air is present near one of the wheels on one side of the film, with drier air elsewhere, rotation of the wheels results. As the wheels rotate, the humid film dries. The motor runs so long as the difference in humidity is maintained. Our cellulose liquid crystal motor thus extracts mechanical work from a difference in humidity.
Adsorption of Elements from Hydrofluoric Acid by Anion Exchange (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption of Elements from Hydrofluoric Acid by Anion ExchangeJ. P. FarisCite this: Anal. Chem. 1960, 32, 4, 520–522Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60160a019RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views567Altmetric-Citations150LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (426 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Real-time adaptive blur for reducing eye strain in stereoscopic displays (2012)

Stereoscopic devices are widely used (immersion-based working environments, stereoscopically-viewed movies, auto-stereoscopic screens). In some instances, exposure to stereoscopic immersion techniques can be lengthy, and so eye strain sets in. We propose a method for reducing eye strain induced by stereoscopic vision. After reviewing sources of eye strain linked to stereoscopic vision, we focus on one of these sources: images with high frequency content associated with large disparities. We put forward an algorithm for removing the irritating high frequencies in high horizontal disparity zones (i.e., for virtual objects appearing far from the real screen level). We elaborate on our testing protocol to establish that our image processing method reduces eye strain caused by stereoscopic vision, both objectively and subjectively. We subsequently quantify the positive effects of our algorithm on the relief of eye strain and discuss further research perspectives.
Pre- and post-processing algorithms for compressed video enhancement (2002)

Standards-based video compression algorithms are rapidly becoming the preferred method for transmitting image sequences. Prominent examples include the MPEG and ITU family of standards. However, it is important to realize that these standards are not bit-exact, in that only the operation of the decoder is defined by the specification. Development of the rate-control mechanism and pre- and post-processing procedures is completely controlled by the system designer, and these components can introduce discernible differences between two standards compliant realizations. We survey the fields of pre- and post-processing techniques for video compression. We then discuss our current work on compression enhancement algorithms. These algorithms are applicable to any compression standard but are discussed within the context of MPEG-2.
Theory and design of a 30-hp matrix converter (1992)

The control strategy and hardware design for a 30 hp matrix power converter (nine-switch forced-commutated cycloconverter) that was developed for high-bandwidth four-quadrant motor drive applications is described. The new switching technique ensures very low distortion of the input currents with unity fundamental displacement factor. Experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
How Does the W434F Mutation Block Current in <i>Shaker</i> Potassium Channels? (1997)

The mutation W434F produces an apparently complete block of potassium current in Shaker channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Tandem tetrameric constructs containing one or two subunits with this mutation showed rapid inactivation, although the NH2-terminal inactivation domain was absent from these constructs. The inactivation showed a selective dependence on external cations and was slowed by external TEA; these properties are characteristic of C-type inactivation. Inactivation was, however, incompletely relieved by hyperpolarization, suggesting the presence of a voltage-independent component. The hybrid channels had near-normal conductance and ion selectivity. Single-channel recordings from patches containing many W434F channels showed occasional channel openings, consistent with open probabilities of 10(-5) or less. We conclude that the W434F mutation produces a channel that is predominantly found in an inactivated state.
Expression of Fas and Fas ligand in primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in association with grade of tumor differentiation (2012)

Fas was expressed more strongly in well-differentiated SCCs than in poorly differentiated tumors. FasL was expressed more strongly in moderately and poorly differentiated tumors. These findings indicate that Fas and FasL play important roles in immune surveillance and grade of differentiation in SCC.
Public security screening for metallic objects with millimetre-wave images (2005)

In this paper we present a system for the automatic detection and tracking of metallic objects concealed on moving people in sequences of millimetre-wave images, which can penetrate clothing, plastics and fabrics. The system employs two distinct stages: detection and tracking. In this paper a single detector, for metallic objects, is presented which utilises a statistical model also developed in this paper. Target tracking is performed using a particle filter. Results are presented on real millimetre-wave image test sequences.
Ultrasonic focusing through the ribs using the DORT method (2009)

Thermal ablation induced by high intensity focused ultrasound has produced promising clinical results to treat hepatocarcinoma and other liver tumors. However skin burns have been reported due to the high absorption of ultrasonic energy by the ribs. This study proposes a method to produce an acoustic field focusing on a chosen target while sparing the ribs using the decomposition of the time-reversal operator (DORT method). The idea is to apply an excitation weight vector to the transducers array which is orthogonal to the subspace of emissions focusing on the ribs. A linear array of transducers has been used to measure the set of singular vectors associated with a chest phantom, made of three human ribs immersed in water, and to produce the desired acoustic fields. The resulting propagating fields have been measured both in the focal plane and in the plane of the ribs using a needle hydrophone. The ratio of the energies absorbed at the focal point and on the ribs has been enhanced up to 100-fold, as demonstrated by the measured specific absorption rates.
Cellular Composition of Crescents in Human Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis Identified Using Monoclonal Antibodies (1984)

The relative contributions of glomerular epithelial cells, macrophages, and other cell types to the formation of cellular crescents characteristic of human rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis remain controversial. To identify and quantitate the cell types present during different stages of glomerular crescent formation, immunoperoxidase labelling of cryostat sections from renal biopsies with cellular (n = 9) or sclerosed (n = 3) crescents was performed using monoclonal antibodies to cell-specific antigens of leucocytes, epithelial cells, and other glomerular cell types. Fresh cellular crescents consisted of macrophages (34.5 +/- 7.0%; mean +/- SEM) plus lesser proportions of polymorphs (12.8 +/- 4.7%) and epithelial cells (10.4 +/- 1.5%). Sclerosed crescents contained fewer macrophages (5.1 +/- 1.0%), but similar proportions of polymorphs (11.1 +/- 2.9%) and epithelial cells (11.5 +/- 2.1%). Lymphocytes were not detected within crescents. Many of the remaining unlabelled cells morphologically resembled fibroblasts and expressed surface fibronectin, though fibroblast-specific cell markers were not available. These results show that macrophages and not epithelial cells constitute the major cell type within cellular crescents. Therapeutic manoeuvres directed against macrophages may, therefore, be of clinical value in the management of human crescentic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.
What can saliency models predict about eye movements? Spatial and sequential aspects of fixations during encoding and recognition (2008)

Saliency map models account for a small but significant amount of the variance in where people fixate, but evaluating these models with natural stimuli has led to mixed results. In the present study, the eye movements of participants were recorded while they viewed color photographs of natural scenes in preparation for a memory test (encoding) and when recognizing them later. These eye movements were then compared to the predictions of a well defined saliency map model (L. Itti & C. Koch, 2000), in terms of both individual fixation locations and fixation sequences (scanpaths). The saliency model is a significantly better predictor of fixation location than random models that take into account bias toward central fixations, and this is the case at both encoding and recognition. However, similarity between scanpaths made at multiple viewings of the same stimulus suggests that repetitive scanpaths also contribute to where people look. Top-down recapitulation of scanpaths is a key prediction of scanpath theory (D. Noton & L. Stark, 1971), but it might also be explained by bottom-up guidance. The present data suggest that saliency cannot account for scanpaths and that incorporating these sequences could improve model predictions.
The controlled release of tilmicosin from silica nanoparticles (2011)

The aim of this study was to use silica nanoparticles as the carrier for controlled release of tilmicosin. Tilmicosin was selected as a drug model molecule because it has a lengthy elimination half-life and a high concentration in milk after subcutaneous administration. Three samples of tilmicosin-loaded silica nanoparticles were prepared with different drug-loading weight. The drug-loading weight in three samples, as measured by thermal gravimetric analysis, was 29%, 42%, and 64%, respectively. With increased drug-loading weight, the average diameter of the drug-loaded silica nanoparticles was increased from 13.4 to 25.7 nm, and the zeta potential changed from-30.62 to-6.78 mV, indicating that the stability of the drug-loaded particles in the aqueous solution decreases as drug-loading weight increases. In vitro release studies in phosphate-buffered saline showed the sample with 29% drug loading had a slow and sustained drug release, reaching 44% after 72 h. The release rate rose with increased drug-loading weight; therefore, the release of tilmicosin from silica nanoparticles was well-controlled by adjusting the drug loading. Finally, kinetics analysis suggested that drug released from silica nanoparticles was mainly a diffusion-controlled process.
The Infant Seat as Treatment for Gastroesophageal Reflux (1983)

Positioning in the infant seat ("chalasia chair") for treatment of infants with gastroesophageal reflux is presumed to have a beneficial effect. We undertook a controlled, prospective study of such positioning to evaluate this purported benefit. Nine infants with documented gastroesophageal reflux participated in 18 paired two-hour postprandial trials in an infant seat and in the horizontal prone position. Distal esophageal pH monitoring demonstrated longer exposure to gastroesophageal reflux while infants were in the seat than when they were prone (28.2 +/- 6.4 per cent vs. 12.8 +/- 3.7 per cent of total time with pH less than 4.0, P = 0.023), a difference due largely to more episodes (16.0 +/- 2.4 vs. 10.1 +/- 2.3 per two-hour postprandial period, P = 0.002). We conclude that the infant seat, rather than being therapeutic in gastroesophageal reflux in children under six months of age, is actually detrimental, when compared with simply placing an infant prone.
Rolling through tumblr (2014)

Tumblr, a microblogging platform and social media website, has been gaining popularity over the past few years. Despite its success, little has been studied on the human behavior and interaction on this platform. This is important as it sheds light on the driving force behind Tumblr's growth. In this work, we present a quantitative study of Tumblr based on the complete data coverage for four consecutive months consisting of 23.2 million users and 10.2 billion posts. We first explore various attributes of users, posts, and tags in detail and extract behavioral patterns based on the user generated content. We then construct a massive reblog network based on the primary user interactions on Tumblr and present findings on analyzing its topological structure and properties. Finally, we show substantial results on providing location-specific usage patterns from Tumblr, despite no built-in support for geo-tagging or user location functionality. Essentially this is done by conducting a large-scale user alignment with a different social media platform (e.g., Twitter) and subsequently propagating geo-information across platforms. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to carry out large-scale measurement-driven analysis on Tumblr.
Pharmacological Properties of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (1994)

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) were initially discovered by their unique coupling mechanism and pharmacological characteristics. This was preceded by the recognition in the early 1980s of phosphoinositide hydrolysis as a novel signal transduction pathway in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) (Berridge and Irvine, 1984; Nishizuka, 1984). Pharmacological studies of receptor-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in CNS tissues were greatly facilitated by use of lithium ion to amplify agonist-dependent responses. Lithium at concentrations of 1–10 mM uncompetitively inhibits the enzyme inositol-1-monophosphatase (Hallcher and Sherman, 1980). Using 3H-myo-inositol to label 3H-phosphoinositides and lithium to inhibit inositol-l-monophosphatase, Berridge et al. (1982) demonstrated in rat cerebral cortical slices that cholinergic and adrenergic receptor agonists will increase phosphoinositide hydrolysis and, thus, produce an easily measured increase in the formation of 3H-inositol-1-monophosphate. The use of this sensitive technique allowed other investigators to begin characterizing the various receptor systems that were linked to this novel second-messenger system in the CNS (see Fisher and Agranoff, 1987).
CPHmodels-3.0—remote homology modeling using structure-guided sequence profiles (2010)

CPHmodels-3.0 is a web server predicting protein 3D structure by use of single template homology modeling. The server employs a hybrid of the scoring functions of CPHmodels-2.0 and a novel remote homology-modeling algorithm. A query sequence is first attempted modeled using the fast CPHmodels-2.0 profile-profile scoring function suitable for close homology modeling. The new computational costly remote homology-modeling algorithm is only engaged provided that no suitable PDB template is identified in the initial search. CPHmodels-3.0 was benchmarked in the CASP8 competition and produced models for 94% of the targets (117 out of 128), 74% were predicted as high reliability models (87 out of 117). These achieved an average RMSD of 4.6 A when superimposed to the 3D structure. The remaining 26% low reliably models (30 out of 117) could superimpose to the true 3D structure with an average RMSD of 9.3 A. These performance values place the CPHmodels-3.0 method in the group of high performing 3D prediction tools. Beside its accuracy, one of the important features of the method is its speed. For most queries, the response time of the server is <20 min. The web server is available at http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/CPHmodels/.
Vertically Aligned Zn<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub> Nanotube/ZnO Nanowire Heterojunction Arrays (2007)

Up the junction: An approach for fabricating Zn2SiO4 nanotube/ZnO nanowire heterojunction arrays (see picture) is introduced by using ZnO-nanowire arrays as a template. The technique, which is based on a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, reveals a novel, low-cost, and efficient method for aligning nanotube/nanowire heterojunctions, which could be useful for fabricating novel nanodevices.
The Dermatitis-Producing Constituents of Euphorbia hermentiana Latex (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Dermatitis-Producing Constituents of Euphorbia hermentiana LatexLee-Juian Lin, Gary T. Marshall, and A. Douglas KinghornCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1983, 46, 5, 723–731Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 September 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/np50029a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (734 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Susceptibility to Hydrogen Peroxide and Catalase Activity of Root Nodule Bacteria (1999)

The root nodule bacteria (free-living cells) tested had higher susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) than the other genera of aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria tested. The catalase activities tended to have a positive correlation with H2O2 resistance among all bacteria tested. Addition of a catalase inhibitor such as 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole increased the susceptibility to H2O2. These results suggest that the lower catalase activity brings about the higher susceptibility of root nodule bacteria to H2O2. Root nodule bacteria seemed to have two or three catalase isozymes during growth and their catalase activities were higher in log phase than in stationary phase, contrary to other genera of bacteria tested.
Catastrophic Cascade of Failures in Interdependent Networks (2010)

Modern network-like systems are usually coupled in such a way that failures in one network can affect the entire system. In infrastructures, biology, sociology, and economy, systems are interconnected and events taking place in one system can propagate to any other coupled system. Recent studies on such coupled systems show that the coupling increases their vulnerability to random failure. Properties for interdependent networks differ significantly from those of single-network systems. In this article, these results are reviewed and the main properties discussed.
[Suppression to ameloblastoma xenografts of chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2]. (2010)

The xenotransplanted tumor model of human ameloblastoma on CAM was successfully established. The invasiveness of ameloblastoma xenografts was suppressed might be due to TIMP-2 gene transfection.
Elastic Stream Processing with Latency Guarantees (2015)

Many Big Data applications in science and industry have arisen, that require large amounts of streamed or event data to be analyzed with low latency. This paper presents a reactive strategy to enforce latency guarantees in data flows running on scalable Stream Processing Engines (SPEs), while minimizing resource consumption. We introduce a model for estimating the latency of a data flow, when the degrees of parallelism of the tasks within are changed. We describe how to continuously measure the necessary performance metrics for the model, and how it can be used to enforce latency guarantees, by determining appropriate scaling actions at runtime. Therefore, it leverages the elasticity inherent to common cloud technology and cluster resource management systems. We have implemented our strategy as part of the Nephele SPE. To showcase the effectiveness of our approach, we provide an experimental evaluation on a large commodity cluster, using both a synthetic workload as well as an application performing real-time sentiment analysis on real-world social media data.
Heterodiene syntheses with .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterodiene syntheses with .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compoundsG. Desimoni and G. TacconiCite this: Chem. Rev. 1975, 75, 6, 651–692Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60298a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60298a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1204Altmetric-Citations293LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts