gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resolving the Structure of Active Sites on Platinum Catalytic Nanoparticles (2010)

Accurate understanding of the structure of active sites is fundamentally important in predicting catalytic properties of heterogeneous nanocatalysts. We present an accurate determination of both experimental and theoretical atomic structures of surface monatomic steps on industrial platinum nanoparticles. This comparison reveals that the edges of nanoparticles can significantly alter the atomic positions of monatomic steps in their proximity, which can lead to substantial deviations in the catalytic properties compared with the extended surfaces.
Chemistry of aliphatic disulfides. XV. Bis-disulfide peptide derivatives (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of aliphatic disulfides. XV. Bis-disulfide peptide derivativesRichard G. Hiskey and Michael A. HarpoldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 2, 559–563Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01266a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01266a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
VSB modem subsystem design for Grand Alliance digital television receivers (1995)

The functions of the vestigial sideband modem for the Grand Alliance digital TV are described. The partitioning of these functions is discussed in terms of the prototype hardware and possible future development. The VSB modem subsystem (tuner/demodulator) includes the functions of RF selection, local oscillator, and conversion; IF amplification and band shaping; baseband demodulation; AGC; co-channel filtering; synchronization and phase tracking of the carrier, the bit clock, and the data framing; equalization (ghost cancellation); forward error correction (trellis and RS codes); and data de-interleaving. The interaction and partitioning of these functions is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enzyme-Based Strategies for Structuring Foods for Improved Functionality (2017)

Enzyme technologies can be used to create food dispersions with novel functional attributes using structural design principles. Enzymes that utilize food-grade proteins and/or polysaccharides as substrates have gained recent interest among food scientists. The utilization of enzymes for structuring foods is an ecologically and economically viable alternative to the utilization of chemical cross-linking and depolymerization agents. This review highlights recent progress in the use of enzymes to modify food structures, particularly the interfacial and/or bulk properties of food dispersions with special emphasis on commercially available enzymes. Cross-linking enzymes such as transglutaminase and laccase promote the formation of intra- and intermolecular bonds between biopolymers to improve stability and functionality, whereas various degrading enzymes such as proteases alter the native conformation of proteins, leading to self-assembly of hierarchically ordered colloids. Results of this bio-inspired approach show that rational use of structure-affecting enzymes may enable food manufacturers to produce food dispersions with improved physical, functional, textural, and optical properties.
DELETION OF DONOR-REACTIVE T LYMPHOCYTES IN ADULT MICE AFTER INTRATHYMIC INOCULATION WITH LYMPHOID CELLS (1993)

Clonal deletion of self antigen-reactive T lymphocytes is known to be a dominant mechanism of tolerance induction in the normal immune system. This report considers whether deletion of antigen-reactive T cells is also the immunologic basis for the recently described model of transplantation tolerance that follows intrathymic inoculation with allogeneic lymphoid cells. We found that the outcome of injecting Mlsa- hosts with lymphocytes from Mlsa+ donors was depletion of V beta 6+ T cells (which are known to be reactive with the Mlsa superantigen). The process was found to be specific in that a similar reduction was not seen in an irrelevant T cell population (V beta 8+) in IT injected hosts. Deletion was observed in this model only if immunosuppression with ALS or anti-CD4 accompanied intrathymic injection. When the inoculum of allogeneic lymphocytes was administered intravenously instead of intrathymically only minimal deletion was observed. The induction of transplantation tolerance by intrathymic injection of donor lymphoid cells may prove especially efficacious since it relies on deletion of only those T cells specifically reactive to donor antigens, a process analogous to tolerance induction to self antigens.
Using Orem's Theory in Transcultural Settings: A Critique (1996)

An overview of the theory describes its component parts and concepts as well as the premises and assumptions upon which the theory is based. The authors explore the compatibility and usefulness of Orem's theory with non-Western or minority Western non-Anglo values and belief systems. A literature review of studies and experiences using Orem's theory in a variety of cultures is presented and discussed. The authors conclude that Orem's theory must be supplemented or replaced by one less culturebound for use with cultures differing from the dominant Western culture.
Chemical Vapor Deposition Epitaxy of Silicon and Silicon-Carbon Alloys at High Rates and Low Temperatures using Neopentasilane (2007)

The silicon precursor neopentasilane is used to grow epitaxial silicon at high growth rates from 550 to 700 oC, with rates over 100 nm/min achieved at 600 oC. The layer quality as observed by TEM and the performance of FET's made in these films is high. Neopentasilane has also been used to grow dilute strained Si1-yCy alloys on silicon with very high growth rates. For carbon levels on the order of 2%, strained layers were grown at rates over 40 nm/min.
Enhancing dendritic cell vaccine potency by combining a <i>BAK/BAX</i> siRNA‐mediated antiapoptotic strategy to prolong dendritic cell life with an intracellular strategy to target antigen to lysosomal compartments (2007)

Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines have become important in immunotherapeutics as a measure for generating antitumor immune responses. We have previously demonstrated that linkage of the antigen gene to a lysosomal targeting signal, a sorting signal of the lysosome-associated membrane protein type 1 (LAMP-1), enhances the potency of DC-based vaccines. DCs have a limited life span, hindering their long-term ability to prime antigen-specific T cells. In this study, we attempted to further improve the potency of a DC vaccine that targets human papilloma virus 16 (HPV16) E7 to a lysosomal compartment (DC-Sig/E7/LAMP-1) by combining a strategy to prolong DC life. We show that small interfering RNA-targeting Bak and Bax proteins can be used to allow transfected DCs to resist being killed by T cells. This is done by downregulating these proapoptotic proteins, which have been known as so-called gate keepers in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. DCs expressing intact E7 or Sig/E7/LAMP-1 became resistant to attack by CD8+ T cells after transfection with BAK/BAX siRNA, leading to enhanced E7-specific T cell activation in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, vaccination with E7-presenting DCs transfected with BAK/BAX siRNA generated a strong therapeutic effect against an E7-expressing tumor in vaccinated mice, compared with DCs transfected with control siRNA. Our data indicate that a combination of strategies to enhance intracellular Ag processing and to prolong DC life may offer a promising strategy for improving DC vaccine potency.
Analysis of the p16 tumor suppressor gene in early‐stage prostate cancer (1998)

To identify whether alterations of the p16 tumor suppressor gene are a common event in localized prostate cancer, we examined the frequency of p16 gene mutations in 30 primary tumors. Only two tumors demonstrated altered single-strand conformation polymorphism patterns for exon 2 of p16. In both cases, sequencing revealed a missense at codon 148, a G→A transition that resulted in the replacement of the alanine by threonine. Polymerase chain reaction–single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of matched blood samples revealed the same abnormal band shifts as the tumor samples, suggesting that these base changes are polymorphic. In addition, transcriptional inactivation by means of CpG island methylation has also been reported as a possible means of p16 gene inactivation. To address this point, we determined the pattern of DNA methylation at the SmaI site for 21 of 30 samples for which DNA was available. Only one sample had an altered methylation pattern at the SmaI site downstream of exon 1 of the p16 gene, which is outside the CpG island and is not normally associated with transcriptional inactivation. However, two samples did have deletions proximal to or within the p16 gene. These results indicate that mutations in p16 may not be a dominant pathway for p16 loss of function or that inactivation of p16 by DNA methylation may not be necessary for the transformation and progression of prostate cancer. Mol. Carcinog. 21:164–170, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
<title>Video Data Processor (VIDAP): A Real-Time Video Data Compressor</title> (1979)

A monolithic digital Hadamard transform device is used to reduce complexity in a real-time video data compression system. The Video Data Processor (VIDAP) system is designed to permit variable frame rates, sampling resolutions, and compression ratios. Versatility is incorporated through a modular design which permits tailoring to meet a wide range of video data link applications. Emphasis has been placed on a low cost, low power design suitable for airborne systems.
A comparison of sources of links for academic Web impact factor calculations (2002)

There has been much recent interest in extracting information from collections of Web links. One tool that has been used is Ingwersen’s Web impact factor. It has been demonstrated that several versions of this metric can produce results that correlate with research ratings of British universities showing that, despite being a measure of a purely Internet phenomenon, the results are susceptible to a wider interpretation. This paper addresses the question of which is the best possible domain to count backlinks from, if research is the focus of interest. WIFs for British universities calculated from several different source domains are compared, primarily the .edu, .ac.uk and .uk domains, and the entire Web. The results show that all four areas produce WIFs that correlate strongly with research ratings, but that none produce incontestably superior figures. It was also found that the WIF was less able to differentiate in more homogeneous subsets of universities, although positive results are still possible.
Topography of diabetic macular oedema compared with fluorescein angiography (2006)

Optical coherence tomography and RTA thickness measurements can be used to identify patients for further examination. Fluorescein angiography leakage in the outer ETDRS fields correlates best with central thickness and retinal thickness topography by OCT.
Low frequency full waveform seismic inversion within a tree based Bayesian framework (2017)

Limited illumination, insufficient offset, noisy data and poor starting models can pose challenges for seismic full waveform inversion. We present an application of a tree based Bayesian inversion scheme which attempts to mitigate these problems by accounting for data uncertainty while using a mildly informative prior about subsurface structure. We sample the resulting posterior model distribution of compressional velocity using a trans-dimensional (trans-D) or Reversible Jump Markov chain Monte Carlo method in the wavelet transform domain of velocity. This allows us to attain rapid convergence to a stationary distribution of posterior models while requiring a limited number of wavelet coefficients to define a sampled model. Two synthetic, low frequency, noisy data examples are provided. The first example is a simple reflection + transmission inverse problem, and the second uses a scaled version of the Marmousi velocity model, dominated by reflections. Both examples are initially started from a semi-infinite half-space with incorrect background velocity. We find that the trans-D tree based approach together with parallel tempering for navigating rugged likelihood (i.e. misfit) topography provides a promising, easily generalized method for solving large-scale geophysical inverse problems which are difficult to optimize, but where the true model contains a hierarchy of features at multiple scales.
Strip-Line Resonator Filters Having Multi-Coupled Sections (2005)

The design criteria for microwave filters with multi-coupled strip-line have been developed. One of the advantages of this method is that it provides a line-spacing which is five times wider than with the conventional method. Higher production yield is therefore obtainable in designing wideband or millimeter-wave filters with the use of thin dielectric substrate.
Planning for Neomillennial Learning Styles (2005)

Rapid advances in information technology are reshaping the learning styles of many students in higher education. The standard “world to the desktop” interface is now complemented by ■ multiuser virtual environments in which people’s avatars interact with each other, computer-based agents, and digital artifacts in a simulated context; and ■ augmented realities in which mobile wireless devices infuse overlays of digital data on physical real-world settings. Higher education institutions can prosper by using these emerging technologies to deliver instruction matched to the increasingly “neomillennial” learning styles of their students. Based on “mediated immersion,” these emerging learning styles include: ■ Fluency in multiple media and in simulation-based virtual settings ■ Communal learning involving diverse, tacit, situated experience, with knowledge distributed across a community and a context as well as within an individual ■ A balance among experiential learning, guided mentoring, and collective reflection ■ Expression through nonlinear, associational webs of representations ■ Co-design of learning experiences personalized to individual needs and preferences Many faculty will find such a shift in instruction difficult, but through professional development they can accommodate neomillennial learning styles to continue teaching effectively as the nature of students evolves. Beyond this professional development, to fulfill their students’ evolving needs and interests, colleges and universities must reconsider their investments in physical plant, technology infrastructure, and research. Further, in the long run the mission and structure of higher education might alter due to the effect on civilization of these new interactive media.
Aeration of large-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants: state of the art (2008)

Aeration is the most energy-intensive operation in wastewater treatment, amounting to 45-75% of plant energy costs. Fine-pore diffusers are today almost ubiquitous in municipal wastewater aeration, due to their advantageous aeration efficiency (mass of oxygen transferred per unit energy required). Nevertheless, older municipal treatment facilities and many industrial treatment plants are still equipped with coarse-bubble or surface aerators. Fine-pore diffusers are subject to two major disadvantages: a) fouling, if not cleaned periodically; b) decrease in oxygen transfer efficiency caused by dissolved surfactants. Coarse-bubble and surface aerators are typically not subject to the traditional problems affecting fine-pore diffusers. Nonetheless, they achieve oxygen transfer at the expense of increased energy intensity. The increased biomass concentration associated with high mean cell retention time (MCRT) operations has a beneficial effect on aeration. Nutrient-removing selectors are able to further increase aeration efficiency, as they sorb and utilize the readily available substrate which otherwise would accumulate at bubble surfaces and dramatically decrease aeration efficiency. We summarise here our 30-year long experience in aeration research, and results obtained with clean- and process-water tests are used to show the beneficial effects of high MCRT operations, the beneficial effect of selectors, and the decline of aeration efficiency due to dissolved surfactants.
Synthesis of 5,10‐dideazaminopterin (1986)

Abstract The synthesis of 5,10‐dideazaaminopterin by two independent routes is described. Condensation of the piperidine enamine of 4‐ p ‐carbomethoxyphenylbutyraldehyde ( 4 ) with ethoxymethylenemalononitrile followed by treatment of the resultant arylethylenaminomalononitrile ( 5 ) with methanolic ammonia produced 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐5‐ p ‐carbomethoxyphenethylpyridine ( 6 ). Cyclization of the aminocyanopyridine with guanidine afforded 4‐amino‐4‐deoxy‐5,10‐dideazapteroic acid ( 8 ). Coupling of the pteroate intermediate with glutamate yielded the target 5,10‐dideazaaminopterin ( 10 ). Alternatively, reduction of 2,4‐diamino‐6‐formyl‐5‐deazapteridine ( 11 ) with sodium borohydride gave the 6‐hydroxymethyl compound 12 . Conversion to the bromide was followed by alkylation of dimethyl homoterephthalate to afford methyl 4‐amino‐4‐deoxy‐10‐carbomethoxy‐5,10‐dideazapteroate ( 14 ). Decarboxylation with ester cleavage (sodium cyanide in dimethyl sulfoxide at 180°) also gave the diaminopteroic acid ( 8 ). 5,10‐dideazaaminopterin ( 10 ) was an effective growth inhibitorof folate dependent bacteria, S. faecium and L. casei .
Lazy paired hyper-parameter tuning (2013)

In virtually all machine learning applications, hyper-parameter tuning is required to maximize predictive accuracy. Such tuning is computationally expensive, and the cost is further exacerbated by the need for multiple evaluations (via crossvalidation or bootstrap) at each configuration setting to guarantee statistically significant results. This paper presents a simple, general technique for improving the efficiency of hyper-parameter tuning by minimizing the number of resampled evaluations at each configuration. We exploit the fact that train-test samples can easily be matched across candidate hyper-parameter configurations. This permits the use of paired hypothesis tests and power analysis that allow for statistically sound early elimination of suboptimal candidates to minimize the number of evaluations. Results on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that our method improves over competitors for discrete parameter settings, and enhances state-of-the-art techniques for continuous parameter settings. 1
HDTV transmission system design in an SDG-based STM network (2002)

The authors propose an HDTV (high-definition television) transmission system design for an SDH (synchronous digital hierarchy)-based STM network. The proposed HDTV coding algorithms are based on subband coding; one uses subband DCT (discrete cosine transform) for HDTV distribution services, while the other uses subband DPCM (differential pulse code modulation) for HDTV contribution services. The network architecture is discussed in regard to providing broadband communication services such as HDTV transmission service upon the introduction of B-ISDN (broadband integrated services digital network) in the early 1990s. The authors also propose a method to compensate for degradation in video transmission systems, i.e., burst errors in STM networks and consecutive cell loss in ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) networks, using random error correcting codes and an interleave structure. An HDTV transmission experimental system using an SDH-based STM network is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation of colloidal solutions of thin platinum nanowires (2003)

Colloidal solutions of thin platinum nanowires having lengths of 10 to 70 nm and diameters of 1.5–3 nm were prepared by reducing K2PtCl4 with hydrogen in a glycol solution containing K2C2O4 and preformed Pt seeds. TEM, HRTEM, XRD and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy were used to study the structure of the obtained nanowires and the effect of preparation conditions, such as pH value, temperature, preformed Pt nanoseeds and stabilizing agents, on the morphology of the products. The mechanism for forming the thin Pt nanowires in the absence of a 1D structure template was discussed based on the experimental results. Stable colloidal solutions of mercaptan-modified Pt nanowires were prepared for the first time by transferring the prepared thin Pt nanowires into toluene containing octadecylmercaptan.
Restricted inactivation of serum response factor to the cardiovascular system (2004)

Serum response factor (SRF) directs programs of gene expression linked to growth and muscle differentiation. To investigate the role of SRF in cardiovascular development, we generated mice in which SRF is knocked out in >80% of cardiomyocytes and >50% of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) through SM22alpha-Cre-mediated excision of SRF's promoter and first exon. Mutant mice display vascular patterning, cardiac looping, and SRF-dependent gene expression through embryonic day (e)9.5. At e10.5, attenuation in cardiac trabeculation and compact layer expansion is noted, with an attendant decrease in vascular SMC recruitment to the dorsal aorta. Ultrastructurally, cardiac sarcomeres and Z disks are highly disorganized in mutant embryos. Moreover, SRF mutant mice exhibit vascular SMC lacking organizing actin/intermediate filament bundles. These structural defects in the heart and vasculature coincide with decreases in SRF-dependent gene expression, such that by e11.5, when mutant embryos succumb to death, no SRF-dependent mRNA expression is evident. These results suggest a vital role for SRF in contractile/cytoskeletal architecture necessary for the proper assembly and function of cardiomyocytes and vascular SMC.
The Paraspinal Sacrospinalis-Splitting Approach to the Lumbar Spine (1968)

A bilateral approach to the lumbar spine is described in which each sacrospinalis is split on a sagittal plane three-fourths of the way out to the lateral margin of the muscle. The approach is especially valuable for one-level fusions in a young person with spondylolisthesis. One iliac crest usually supplies enough bone for both sides. We have used this approach in forty-nine patients as an alternative to the mid-line line approach and have found that it is extremely valuable in some circumstances.
Artificial Lift by Hydraulic Turbine-Driven Downhole Pumps: Its Development, Application, and Selection (1986)

ABSTRACT With the increased use of Secondary Oil Recovery Techniques and in particular of pumped artificial lift systems, there was a requirement for a more reliable, flexible and robust form of downhole pump. To this end the author's company has developed the Hydraulic Turbine Drive Downhole Pump. This paper examines the background to and the development of the unit together with a detailed step by step description as to the methods and procedures used when selecting a suitable downhole pump/turbine configuration, for either an oil or water lift application.