gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone and the hematopoietic niche: a tale of two stem cells (2011)

The revived interest in (hematopoietic) stem cell (HSC) niches has highlighted the role of multiple cellular players found in the bone environment. Initially focused on the role of osteoblasts and sinusoid endothelial cells, the quest for HSC niche cells has recently focused on a unique role for osteoprogenitor cells (skeletal stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells). Strongly validated by observations of HSC dysregulation dictated by the dysregulation of osteoprogenitors, the role of osteoprogenitors in the HSC niche integrates data from different studies into a unified view. As preosteoblastic, periendothelial cells residing at the sinusoid wall, skeletal progenitors reconcile the notions of "osteoblastic" and "sinusoidal" niches with one another. In addition, they bring into focus the cross-regulation of skeletal and hematopoietic physiology as rooted into the interplay of two stem cells (hematopoietic and skeletal) sharing a single niche. As direct regulators of hematopoietic space formation, sinusoid development, and hematopoietic function(s), as well as direct progenitors of positive and negative regulators of HSCs such as osteoblasts and adipocytes, skeletal progenitors have emerged as pivotal organizers of a complex, highly plastic niche. This development seems to represents an evolutionary advance over the deterministic stem cell niches found in archetypal invertebrate systems.
Characterization of hematopoietic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (2010)

Mesenchymal and hematopoietic tissues are important reservoirs of adult stem cells. The potential of tissue resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to differentiate into cells of mesodermal and ectodermal lineages has been reported previously. We examined the hypothesis that adherent adipose tissue resident mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are capable of generating cells with hematopoietic characteristics. When cultured in differentiation media, clonally isolated ASCs develop into cells with hematopoietic attributes. The hematopoietic differentiated cells (HD) express early hematopoietic (c-kit, PROM1, CD4) as well as monocyte/macrophage markers (CCR5, CD68, MRC1, CD11b, CSF1R). Additionally, HD cells display functional characteristics of monocyte/macrophages such as phagocytosis and enzymatic activity of α-Naphthyl Acetate Esterase. HD cells are also responsive to stimulation by IL-4 and LPS as shown by increased CD14 and HLA-DRB1 expressions and release of IL-2, IL10, and TNF. Taken together, this study characterizes the potential of ASCs to generate functional macrophages in vitro, and therefore paves way for their possible use in cell therapy applications.
Assembl y of Poly-3-Hexylthiophene Nano-Crystallites into Low Dimensional Structures Using Indandione Derivatives (2013)

Conductive polymer poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) needles were self-assembled using a second component (indandione derivatives) as a linking agent to enhance their long range alignment. The morphologies of the hybrid organic/organic materials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both linear and branched structures could be produced, with the degree of branching depending upon the linker used. Incorporation of indandione derivatives broadened the UV absorbance band of P3HT without significant change to its photoluminescence. This hybrid material could open a promising avenue in photovoltaic applications due to its interesting morphologies and optical properties.
High‐Sensitivity Fluorescence Lifetime Thermal Sensing Based on CdTe Quantum Dots (2012)

The potential use of CdTe quantum dots as luminescence nano-probes for lifetime fluorescence nano-thermometry is demonstrated. The maximum thermal sensitivity achievable is strongly dependent on the quantum dot size. For the smallest sizes (close to 1 nm) the lifetime thermal sensitivity overcomes those of conventional nano-probes used in fluorescence lifetime thermometry.
A name change in the genus Flindersia (Rutaceae) (1982)

The new combination Flindersia oppositifolia (F. Muell.) Hartley & Jessup, based on Hypsophila oppositifolia F. Muell., is made for the name of the plant more recently described as Flindersia unifoliolata Hartley.
Impact of Activated Vitamin D and Race on Survival among Hemodialysis Patients (2008)

Contrary to most examples of disparities in health outcomes, black patients have improved survival compared with white patients after initiating hemodialysis. Understanding potential explanations for this observation may have important clinical implications for minorities in general. This study tested the hypothesis that greater use of activated vitamin D therapy accounts for the survival advantage observed in black and Hispanic patients on hemodialysis. In a prospective cohort of non-Hispanic white (n = 5110), Hispanic white (n = 979), and black (n = 3214) incident hemodialysis patients, higher parathyroid hormone levels at baseline were the primary determinant of prescribing activated vitamin D therapy. Median parathyroid hormone was highest among black patients, who were most likely to receive activated vitamin D and at the highest dosage. One-year mortality was lower in black and Hispanic patients compared with white patients (16 and 16 versus 23%; P < 0.01), but there was significant interaction between race and ethnicity, activated vitamin D therapy, and survival. In multivariable analyses of patients treated with activated vitamin D, black patients had 16% lower mortality compared with white patients, but the difference was lost when adjusted for vitamin D dosage. In contrast, untreated black patients had 35% higher mortality compared with untreated white patients, an association that persisted in several sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, therapy with activated vitamin D may be one potential explanation for the racial differences in survival among hemodialysis patients. Further studies should determine whether treatment differences based on biologic differences contribute to disparities in other conditions.
Evaluation of a 1% Iodophor Postmilking Teat Sanitizer (1994)

A natural exposure field trial a with positive control was conducted to evaluate bacteriological efficacy and teat conditioning qualities of an experimental postmilking teat dip. An experimental 1% iodine postmilking teat sanitizer with a 10% emollient system was compared with a 1% iodine plus 10% glycerin teat sanitizer. Efficacy of the two sanitizers was equivalent for all new IMI, major pathogens, and environmental pathogens. The products were not equivalent for efficacy against coliforms and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Fewer coliform IMI were diagnosed in the control group than in the treatment group. Differences were determined for efficacy against coagulase-negative staphylococci in favor of the treatment product. The products were equivalent for all clinical mastitis, including previously existing IMI that became clinical. The products were not equivalent for all or new clinical IMI with major pathogens, all environmental pathogens, or coliforms. Fewer infections were diagnosed in the control group than in the treatment group. Teat end and teat skin conditions improved with the use of the triple emollient, postmilking teat sanitizer under the winter conditions experienced during this field trial.
<title>Dry etching and boron diffusion of heavily doped high-aspect ratio Si trenches</title> (1996)

The deep etch-shallow diffusion process has been applied to the fabrication of comb drive resonators and micromirrors successfully. Etch rate of Si with various doping concentrations in a Cl<SUB>2</SUB> plasma generated by an electron cyclotron resonance source and B diffusion in high aspect ratio Si trenches were characterized. It was found that lightly B and P doped Si were etched at similar rates of 0.17 micrometers/min, whereas heavily B doped p<SUP>++</SUP>Si had a slower etch rate of 0.16 micrometers/min and heavily P doped n<SUP>++</SUP>Si had faster etch rate of 0.31 micrometers/min. Typical etch conditions are 100 W microwave power and 100 W rf power at 3 mTorr, with 20 sccm of Cl<SUB>2</SUB> flow and a source to sample distance of 8 cm. The difference between the p<SUP>++</SUP> and n<SUP>++</SUP>Si rate was more significant when etched at higher microwave power, higher rf power, or higher temperature. The depth of a heavily B doped Si layer was measured for different feature sizes, trench openings, and aspect wide trenches to 1.5 micrometers at the bottom of 2 micrometers wide trenches. The diffusion layer on the sides of the trenches for a 30 min B diffusion was 3.25 micrometer thick and it is independent of the trench opening and the trench aspect ratio.
Growth and nanostructure of conformal ruthenium films by liquid-source metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2003)

A commercially available metalorganic compound, namely Bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3, 5-heptanedionato)(1,5-cyclooctadiene)Ruthenium, or Ru(THD)2COD was evaluated for growth, nanostructure, and conformality of ruthenium films using a manufacturable, liquid-source metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technique. The deposition of Ru films (60–200 nm) was carried out on various substrates at a temperature (Tsub) of 250–320 °C via the oxygen-assisted pyrolysis of Ru(THD)2COD. In the kinetically controlled regime, the activation energy for the deposition of Ru on amorphous-HfO2/SiO2/Si was 136 kJ/mol. However, at Tsub&gt;290 °C, the nearly temperature-independent growth rate was indicative of the mass-transport controlled regime. The as-deposited Ru films exhibited dense and polycrystalline grain structure, with a moderate preference for the (001) orientation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of RuO2 in metallic Ru films deposited at a Tsub as low as 260 °C. In addition, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed amorphous grain boundaries in Ru films and a disorder interface layer between Ru and HfO2 surface. The Ru films, however, were electrically conductive (27 μΩ cm). In addition, Ru films deposited on patterned TiN/Si substrates in the kinetically controlled regime at 250 °C exhibited nearly 100% step coverage.
Incisor microwear, diet, and tooth use in three Amerindian populations (1999)

Incisor microwear patterns have been shown to reflect aspects of diet and ingestive behaviors in a wide range of nonhuman primates. While some studies have suggested that anterior dental microwear might be used to infer unusual front tooth use practices in archaeological populations, quantitative work on modern human incisors has thus far been limited. In this study we examined dental microwear on the maxillary central incisors of three groups of humans: Aleutian Islanders (n = 16), Arikara from the Mobridge Site in South Dakota (n = 15), and a Late Woodland Bluff sample from Jersey County, Illinois (n = 17). High-resolution replicas were prepared and examined by scanning electron microscopy following conventional procedures. Photomicrographs were taken at consistent locations on the labial surface, and microwear was quantified using Microware 3.0 (Ungar, 1997). Statistical test results revealed significant differences among the groups in microwear feature densities, sizes, and shapes. The Aleut, Arikara, and Illinois Bluff samples showed a gradient of increasing microwear density, increasing linearity in feature shape, and decreasing feature size. These differences evidently correspond to amount of meat consumption, and apparently to degree of use of the incisors in heavy loading. No differences were observed between groups in heterogeneity of feature orientations, and no sex-related differences were found. Associations between incisor microwear on the one hand and subsistence practice and anterior tooth use on the other likely have important implications for the study of hominid paleobiology.
Measuring anterior chamber depth with the Orbscan Topography System (1997)

The ACD measurements by the Orbscan system were equivalent to common reference measurements.
Direct Spectrophotometric Determination of Fat and Moisture in Meat Products (1968)

SUMMARY— The near‐infrared spectral absorption properties of P‐mm‐thick samples of meat emulsions were measured by direct spectrophotometric techniques. The resulting spectra are interpreted in terms of absorptions from O‐H and C‐H stretching vibrations combined with scatter losses. Optical‐density differences are correlated with fat and moisture contents. The difference in optical density between 1.80 and 1.725 p gave a high correlation with moisture content and the difference between 1.725 and 1.65 P gave a high correlation with fat content. Direct spectrophotometric analysis predicted fat content within a standard error of ± 2.1% and moisture content within ± 1.4%. The possibilities of this technique are explored and the problems to be solved in developing a rapid, accurate method are discussed
Optical properties and plasmon resonances of titanium nitride nanostructures (2010)

We examine the optical properties of nanostructures comprised of titanium nitride, TiN, an electrically conducting intermetallic-like compound. This material can be deposited in the form of durable films by physical vapor deposition. Use of nanosphere templating techniques extends the range of nanostructures that can be produced to include the versatile semi-shell motif. The dielectric properties of TiN(1-x) depend upon stoichiometry and are favorable for plasmon resonance phenomena in the mid-visible to near-infrared range of the spectrum and for x approximately 0. We analyze the optical phenomena operating in such structures using a combination of experiment and simulation and show that semi-shells of TiN exhibit a tunable localized plasmon resonance with light. The material is, however, unsuitable for applications in which a long-distance surface plasmon polariton is desired.
Intralesional triamcinolone alone or in combination with botulinium toxin A is ineffective for the treatment of formed keloid scar: A double blind controlled pilot study (2018)

Cutaneous injury can ignite excessive fibroproliferative growth that results in keloid formation. Keloids are associated with significant morbidity related to disfigurement and/or symptoms (e.g., pain and pruritus). First-line treatment of formed keloids involves topical or intralesional steroids. Recurrent or resistant keloids are managed by surgical excision or cryotherapy, followed by steroidal application or adjuvant irradiation. Although adjuvant irradiation appears to be most efficacious, alternative therapeutic options are needed for patients without access to radiation centers. Botulinum Toxin A (BTA) appears to have similar inhibitory effects to irradiation on the cell cycle via downregulation of pathogenic cytokines. Herein, we conducted a study to compare the efficacy of intralesional triamcinolone used alone, or in combination with BTA, in the treatment of formed keloid scars. Twenty patients with a cumulative of 40 keloids completed the study. There was no significant difference between treatment arms with respect to height vascularization, pliability, and pigmentation scores. The addition of BTA resulted in significant symptomatic improvement of pain and pruritus as compared to intralesional triamcinolone alone (p < 0.001). Irradiation is only effective when administered in the adjuvant setting where inhibitory effects on cell cycle and migration are optimized. Future studies with intralesional triamcinolone and BTA should be performed adjuvantly.
Rectangular parallelepiped coding: A volumetric representation of three-dimensional objects (1986)

A new three-dimensional object representation scheme called rectangular parallelepiped coding is presented. Rectangular parallelepiped coding is an extension to three-dimensional space of the two-dimensional rectangular coding scheme. It is a volume-based representation of three-dimensional objects constructed from three orthogonal views (silhouettes) of the object using volume intersection method and is coded as a list of rectangular parallelepipeds. The representation is versatile and easily edited. For the objects coded in this representation, the operations of translation, rotation, and scaling are easily performed and the properties of volume, surface, and moments are easily computed. Examples are given for which processing time and storage requirements are examined.
Tunable electromagnetic bandgap performance of coplanar waveguides periodically loaded by ferroelectric varactors (2003)

Abstract To achieve tunable electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) performance, ferroelectric varactors are considered, in LC circuits, for periodically loading coplanar waveguides (CPWs). Asymmetric or symmetric tuning of the bandgap width may be achieved by changing the capacitance of the varactors in the LC circuits. To validate this concept, tunable EBG arrays based on silicon substrate CPWs, including thin film SrTiO 3 (STO) varactors, are fabricated and tested experimentally. The EBGs are designed so that the first band gap starts between 20 and 30 GHz. Up to 10% tuning is achieved, under 20‐V DC applied bias, in the EBG structures. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 81–86, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11134
Umsatzsteuer: Allgemeine Erklärungspflichten in Zusammenhang mit Voranmeldung und Jahreserklärung – Teil 1 (2016)

Unter dem Titel „Haben Sie Ihre Umsatzsteuer bezahlt?“ führt die Finanz regelmäßig Schwerpunktprüfungen durch. Dies wird zum Anlass genommen, die geltenden allgemeinen Erklärungspflichten in Zusammenhang mit UVA und USt-Jahreserklärung sowohl in den Grundzügen (Teil 1 – in diesem Heft) als auch im tabellarischen Überblick (Teil 2 – im Folgeheft) darzustellen.
Energy metabolism plasticity enables stemness programs (2012)

Engineering pluripotency through nuclear reprogramming and directing stem cells into defined lineages underscores cell fate plasticity. Acquisition of and departure from stemness are governed by genetic and epigenetic controllers, with modulation of energy metabolism and associated signaling increasingly implicated in cell identity determination. Transition from oxidative metabolism, typical of somatic tissues, into glycolysis is a prerequisite to fuel-proficient reprogramming, directing a differentiated cytotype back to the pluripotent state. The glycolytic metabotype supports the anabolic and catabolic requirements of pluripotent cell homeostasis. Conversely, redirection of pluripotency into defined lineages requires mitochondrial biogenesis and maturation of efficient oxidative energy generation and distribution networks to match demands. The vital function of bioenergetics in regulating stemness and lineage specification implicates a broader role for metabolic reprogramming in cell fate decisions and determinations of tissue regenerative potential.
Assays for the Quality Control of Lentiviral Vectors (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Replication-Competent Lentivirus Assay Determination of Vector Titer Potency and Identity RNA Copy Number and F-PERT The Future References
Monitoring Regional Lung Ventilation by Functional Electrical Impedance Tomography during Assisted Ventilation<sup>a</sup> (1999)

A new approach in discriminating the regional air volume changes in the lungs associated with either spontaneous or mechanical ventilation during assisted ventilation is presented. Impedance data are obtained by conventional electrical impedance tomography (EIT). The data are filtered in the range of either the spontaneous or the ventilator rate and processed by the functional EIT (f-EIT) evaluation technique, whereby the variation of the respective EIT data with time is determined and imaged. EIT measurements performed in an infant during synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation were evaluated with this method and indicated that the specific local lung volume swings related to spontaneous and mechanical inhalations can be separated and imaged as tomograms. This noninvasive approach may become useful in optimizing the ventilatory pattern during advanced forms of artificial ventilation and may help the clinician in the therapy management of individual patients.
Performance Evaluation of Novel MAC Protocol for WDM/Ethernet-PON (2006)

This paper proposes a novel MAC protocol adopting time division duplex (TDD) technology for extending total subscribers at the expense of downstream bandwidth in WDM/Ethernet passive optical network (WE-PON). To compensate sacrificed downstream bandwidth, we employ an efficient threshold decision and dynamic bandwidth (DBA) algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed MAC protocol improves queueing delay, link utilization under asynchronous traffic conditions.
Phenolic Acids in Wheat Varieties in the HEALTHGRAIN Diversity Screen (2008)

The amounts and compositions of free, conjugated, bound, and total phenolic acids were determined in 175 samples of wheat flour grown on a single site in 2005. The highest contents of total phenolic acids were found in flours of winter wheat (1171 microg/g) with average levels of 658 microg/g total phenolics across all of the wheat genotypes. Winter wheats showed a range of >3.5-fold across the concentration range for total phenolic acids. Spelt genotypes displayed the narrowest (1.9-fold) range of total phenolic acid concentration. The concentrations of phenolic acids in the different phenolic acid fractions were in the order bound > conjugated > free, with bound phenolic acids making up around 77% of the total phenolic acid concentration and free phenolic acids constituting between 0.5 and 1%. The results indicate that there is genetic diversity in phenolic acid content and that it should be possible to selectively breed for lines with high contents of phenolic components.
Cannabis and intractable chronic pain: an explorative retrospective analysis of Italian cohort of 614 patients (2017)

We present the first analysis of Italian clinical practice of the use of cannabinoids for a large variety of chronic pain syndromes. From this initial snapshot, we determined that the treatment seems to be effective and safe, although more data and subsequent trials are needed to better investigate its ideal clinical indication.
Infliximab- and Immunosuppressant-Resistant Crohn’s Disease Successfully Treated with Adsorptive Granulocyte Apheresis Combined with Prednisolone (2012)

Activated granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets appear to be closely involved in active Crohn's disease (CD). Adsorptive granulocyte apheresis (GCAP) is a new treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. GCAP was used to treat a 23-year-old female patient with CD resistant to both infliximab (IFX) and azathioprine (AZA). At 16 years of age, the patient underwent a partial ileal resection for peritonitis caused by perforative ileitis. On pathological examination of the resected specimen, the diagnosis was CD. Mesalazine was started, but the patient did not comply with therapy. She was admitted to our hospital again in 2007 due to an acute exacerbation. IFX induction therapy was started. The combination of both AZA daily and IFX every 8 weeks was continued as maintenance therapy. However, she developed severe abdominal pain in September 2009. Computed tomography revealed ileitis and ascending colitis, and blood tests showed high inflammatory response marker levels. She was considered to have IFX- and AZA-resistant CD. Initial intravenous steroid therapy did not result in any improvement. Therefore, weekly GCAP therapy was given for 5 weeks, which immediately improved the inflammatory response markers. GCAP combined with prednisolone could be effective for IFX- and AZA-refractory CD.
Distinguishing PTSD, Complex PTSD, and Borderline Personality Disorder: A latent class analysis (2014)

Findings supported the construct validity of Complex PTSD as distinguishable from BPD. Key symptoms that distinguished between the disorders were identified, which may aid in differential diagnosis and treatment planning.