gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
XYZ: a motion-enabled, power aware sensor node platform for distributed sensor network applications (2005)

This paper describes the XYZ, a new open-source sensing platform specifically designed to support our experimental research in mobile sensor networks. The XYZ node is designed around the OKI ML67Q500x ARM THUMB Microprocessor and the IEEE 802.15.4 compliant CC2420 radio from Chipcon. Its new features include support for two different CPU sleep modes and a long-term ultra low power sleep mode for the entire node. This allows the XYZ and its peripheral boards to transition into deep sleep for extended time intervals. To support mobility hardware control and computations, XYZ supports a wide dynamic range and power options. In low power configuration the node resembles existing small low power nodes. When needed, the node can scale up its resources to perform more powerful computations. Mobility is enabled with an additional accessory board that allows the node to move along a horizontal string. In this paper we provide an overview of the XYZ architecture and provide an insightful power characterization of the different operational modes to allow the users to optimize their platforms for power.
Transmission electron microscopy of interfaces in III–V compound semiconductors (1977)

This paper presents a review of the applications of transmission-electron-microscopy (TEM) analytical techniques to the study of several types of interfaces in III–V compound semiconductor structures. The TEM techniques for analysis of lattice mismatched interfaces are briefly discussed since they are straightforward for most III–V compounds. New techniques for analyzing interface roughness and interface diffusion on an atomic scale are presented. The study of interface structures on such a fine scale is made possible by optimizing the diffraction effects between interfaces and the electron beam. By combining the excellent control of the molecular-beam-epitaxy deposition technique to fabricate ’’interface superlattices’’ with high-resolution dark-field and lattice-imaging TEM techniques, the interface roughness between ultrathin GaAs and AlAs films have been analyzed on an atomic scale. Interdiffusion at GaAs and AlAs interfaces is also discussed, and two methods which make use of ’’interface superlattices’’ are presented. They allow for rapid and precise measurements of diffusion profiles and diffusion length as small as 2.83 Å for this system. The TEM techniques discussed in this paper are applicable to other types of semiconductor structures providing they can be made into ultrathin superlattices.
Clinical-Scale Expansion Of Human Periosteum-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2015)

status: Published
Cd2 Sets Quantitative Thresholds in T Cell Activation (1999)

It has been proposed that CD2, which is highly expressed on T cells, serves to enhance T cell-antigen presenting cell (APC) adhesion and costimulate T cell activation. Here we analyzed the role of CD2 using CD2-deficient mice crossed with transgenic mice expressing a T cell receptor specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-derived peptide p33. We found that absence of CD2 on T cells shifted the p33-specific dose-response curve in vitro by a factor of 3-10. In comparison, stimulation of T cells in the absence of lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1-intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 interaction shifted the dose-response curve by a factor of 10, whereas absence of both CD2-CD48 and LFA-1-ICAM-1 interactions shifted the response by a factor of approximately 100. This indicates that CD2 and LFA-1 facilitate T cell activation additively. T cell activation at low antigen density was blocked at its very first steps, as T cell APC conjugate formation, TCR triggering, and Ca(2+) fluxes were affected by the absence of CD2. In vivo, LCMV-specific, CD2-deficient T cells proliferated normally upon infection with live virus but responded in a reduced fashion upon cross-priming. Thus, CD2 sets quantitative thresholds and fine-tunes T cell activation both in vitro and in vivo.
The Effect of Carbonyl Substitution on the Strain Energy of Small Ring Compounds and Their Six-Member Ring Reference Compounds (2006)

High level ab initio calculations have been applied to the estimation of ring strain energies (SE) of a series of three- and six-member ring compounds. The SE of cyclohexane has been estimated to be 2.2 kcal/mol at the CBS-APNO level of theory. The SE of cyclopropane has been increased to 28.6 kcal/mol after correction for the one-half of the SE of cyclohexane. The SEs of a series of carbonyl-containing three-member ring compounds have been estimated at the CBS-Q level by their combination with cyclopropane to produce a six-member ring reference compound. The SEs of cyclopropanone (5), the simplest alpha-lactone (6) [oxiranone], and alpha-lactam (7) [aziridinone] have been predicted to be 49, 47, and 55 kcal/mol, respectively, after correction for the SE of the corresponding six-member ring reference compound. The SEs of cyclohexanone, delta-valerolactone, and delta-valerolactam have been estimated to be 4.3, 11.3, and 5.1 kcal/mol, respectively. Marked increases in the SE of silacyclopropane and siladioxirane have been established, while significant decreases in the SEs of phosphorus, sulfur, dioxa- and diaza-containing three-member ring compounds were observed. The ring strain energies of the hydrocarbons (but not heterocycles) exhibit a strong correlation with their C-H bond dissociation energies.
Intradermal, epidermal and transcutaneous vaccination: from immunology to clinical practice (2008)

The dermis and epidermis are alternative sites for prophylactic vaccination that have received renewed interest in recent years, not only because of the ease of access to the skin, but also its unique immunological properties. This review discusses the characteristics of the skin, current knowledge on skin immunity and clinical experience with cutaneous immunization against infectious diseases, with a special focus on intradermal immunization. The most widely accepted paradigm explaining the efficacy of cutaneous immunization is reviewed and recent research suggesting where this paradigm may need some refinement is highlighted. Clinical investigations that have concentrated on the intradermal route to vaccinate against influenza, rabies or hepatitis B support the current knowledge on skin immunity and, when combined with recent progress made in the development of user-friendly injection systems, have stimulated the ongoing clinical development of novel vaccines.
Spectrally Precoded OFDM (2006)

By bilinearly transforming the rectangularly pulsed multicarrier basis signals, new basis sets containing full-response continuous basis signals are developed for constructing spectrally efficient orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals with or without cyclic prefix (CP) or zero padding (ZP). Both multiple-product and linear-combination formats are presented for these basis sets. In the multiple-product format, the developed full-response basis signals are shown to be zero-valued at interval edges, and thus can be used to construct continuous-phase OFDM signals. It is analytically shown that the constructed continuous-phase OFDM signals exhibit relatively small power spectral sidelobes which fall off as f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> , and can thus provide much higher spectral efficiency than the traditional rectangularly pulsed OFDM signal. In the linear-combination format, the proposed basis signals are shown to be the linear combinations of rectangularly pulsed multicarrier basis signals, and thereby allow for the efficient realization of fast Fourier transform (FFT). Specifically, a spectrally precoded signaling structure is developed in conjunction with inverse FFT and guard insertion to construct continuous-phase OFDM signals with or without CP or ZP. The corresponding spectral decoders are also developed to enable zero-forcing (ZF) demodulation for spectrally precoded OFDM. With the zero-forcing demodulation, the spectrally precoded OFDM schemes are shown to outperform in average error-rate characteristics the conventional rectangularly pulsed and correlatively coded OFDM schemes on various delay-spread channels
Fourier Transform Study of NMR Spin–Lattice Relaxation by “Progressive Saturation” (1971)

When a nuclear spin system is subjected to a repetitive sequence of strong radiofrequency pulses, a steady state is established where there is a dynamic balance between the effect of the pulses and spin relaxation. Under certain readily satisfied pulse conditions, the deviation of the intensity of the free induction signal from its thermal equilibrium value is an exponential function of the pulse interval with time constant equal to the spin–lattice relaxation time. The determination is unaffected by spin–spin relaxation provided that the interval between pulses is long enough to permit all transverse components of magnetization to be eliminated, and provided precautions are taken to inhibit spin-echo formation. Through Fourier transformation of the transient response, high resolution spectra with many component resonances may be studied, and the spin–lattice relaxation times of the individual lines determined. The technique lends itself particularly well to repeated accumulation of the transient signal for the purpose of improving sensitivity. It has been applied to the problem of determining the spin–lattice relaxation rates of the eight different carbon-13 resonances in 3,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-ene-1-one. The results span a range from 2.6 to 39 sec, and are in good agreement with those obtained by applying 180°–t–90° sequences to the same sample.
3D road curb extraction from image sequence for automobile parking assist system (2016)

We extract 3D curb from video sequence, using a single camera equipped with fish-eye lens and located at the front/rear of the vehicle. The challenge in extracting curbs from images lies in their small size and their lack of texture. We show that by appropriately exploiting appearance features, 3D geometry, and temporal information, one can reliably detect and localize the curbs in the 3D scene. The main underlying assumption of our model is that the road surface is flat and that the curb is approximately orthogonal to the road plane. We collected nine videos with ground truth, under day-time sunny weather condition, up to 2m range. Our experimental results compare favorably wrt the current the state-of-the-art on our database -90% precision rate in average and over 85% accuracy in curb height estimation.
End-to-end Design of a PUF-based Privacy Preserving Authentication Protocol. (2015)

Abstract. We demonstrate a prototype implementation of a provably secure protocol that supports privacy-preserving mutual authentication between a server and a constrained device. Our proposed protocol is based on a physically unclonable function (PUF) and it is optimized for resource-constrained platforms. The reported results include a full pro-tocol analysis, the design of its building blocks, their integration into a constrained device, and finally its performance evaluation. We show how to obtain efficient implementations for each of the building blocks of the protocol, including a fuzzy extractor with a novel helper-data construction technique, a truly random number generator (TRNG), and a pseudo-random function (PRF). The prototype is implemented on a SASEBO-GII board, using the on-board SRAM as the source of entropy for the PUF and the TRNG. We present three different implementations. The first two execute on a MSP430 soft-core processor and have a secu-rity level of 64-bit and 128-bit respectively. The third uses a hardware accelerator and has 128-bit security level. To our best knowledge, this work is the first effort to describe the end-to-end design and evaluation of a privacy-preserving PUF-based authentication protocol.
Micro-scale graded electrodes for improved dynamic and cycling performance of Li-ion batteries (2018)

Li-ion battery cathodes based on LiFePO4 are fabricated by a layer-by-layer spray printing method with a continuous through thickness gradient of active material, conductive carbon, and binder. Compared with cathodes with the more usual homogeneous distribution, but with the same average composition, both C-rate and capacity degradation performance of the graded electrodes are significantly improved. For example at 2C, graded cathodes with an optimized material distribution have 15% and 31% higher discharge capacities than sprayed uniform or conventional slurry cast uniform cathodes, and capacity degradation rates are 40–50% slower than uniform cathodes at 2C. The improved performance of graded electrodes is shown to derive from a lower charge transfer resistance and reduced polarization at high C-rates, which suggests a more spatially homogeneous distribution of over-potential that leads to a thinner solid electrolyte interphase formation during cycling and sustains improved C-rate and long-term cycling performance.
Synthesis of polyamides by the polyaddition of bisimidazoline with dicarboxylic acids (1967)

Abstract N , N ′‐Dipropionylethylenediamine was synthesized by the ring‐opening addition reaction of 2‐ethyl‐2‐imidazoline with propionic acid at 220°C. By applying this reaction to polymerization, polyamides were synthesized by the ring‐opening polyaddition reaction at 220°C. of 1,4‐bis(imidazoline‐2‐yl)butane with adipic acid, succinic acid, sebacic acid, and terephthalic acid. The reaction product of 1,4‐bis(imidazoline‐2‐yl)butane with adipic acid, which was proposed to be nylon 26, was compared with an authentic sample of nylon 26 and shown to possess a very similar infrared spectrum and melting point.
Prenormalization rounding in IEEE floating-point operations using a flagged prefix adder (2005)

This paper demonstrates how IEEE 754 floating-point standard compliant rounding can be merged with carry-propagate addition in floating-point unit (FPU) designs by using a novel adaptation of the prefix adder. The paper considers add/subtract, multiply, and SRT divide operations and demonstrates that in every case a generic rounding architecture based on a prefix adder with a small amount of additional logic is sufficient to cover all the rounding modes. Critical path analysis shows that the proposed architecture is compatible with contemporary pipelined FPU design practice, while using significantly less logic
Binding of Cu(II)-Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide/vinylimidazole) Copolymer to Histidine-Tagged Protein:  A Surface Plasmon Resonance Study (2002)

The thermoresponsive copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) with 1-vinylimidazole (VI), poly(NIPAM-VI), synthesized by radical polymerization has been used to purify the histidine-tagged green flourescent protein (His-tag GFP) from recombinant E. coli by metal-chelate affinity precipitation. The purified protein was immobilized on the BIAcore sensor chip by carbodiimide coupling. Affinity binding of the Cu(II)-loaded copolymer, poly(NIPAM-VI), to the His-tag GFP-immobilized surface was monitored by surface-plasmon-resonance (SPR) measurements. Complete recovery of the metal copolymer from the surface was achieved with either using the monomer displacer, 200 mM imidazole buffer, or the polymeric displacer, copolymer of poly(NIPAM-VI) (26 mol % VI). The conformation of the copolymer was a critical factor for the metal interactions and hence displacement of the metal copolymer. With the proposed conformation of protein-like copolymers (Wahlund, P.-O.; Galaev, I. Yu.; Kazakov, S. A.; Lozinsky, V. I.; Mattiasson, B. Macromol. Biosci. 2002, 2, 33.), the SPR study confirmed the prediction of exposed imidazole groups in the poly(NIPAM-VI). The complete elution of the affinity-bound metal copolymer was achieved with protein-like copolymer (imidazole groups exposed to the outer solution), and no recovery was obtained with IMAC nonbound copolymer fraction (imidazole groups unexposed). The SPR measurement showed a sharp phase transition of affinity adsorbed thermoresponsive Cu(II)-poly(NIPAM-VI) copolymer at 32 °C, thus proposing a sensitive way to determine lower critical solution temperature.
Effects of substrate bias voltage on adhesion of DC magnetron-sputtered copper films on E24 carbon steel: investigations by Auger electron spectroscopy (2013)

Abstract The adhesion strength of copper thin films on E24 carbon steel substrates was studied using the scratch test via the critical load. Coatings were deposited by a DC magnetron sputtering system. All substrates were mechanically polished; some of them were directly coated and others were ion-etched by argon ions prior to deposition process. The effects of substrate negative bias voltage during the film growth were investigated. Experimental results showed that the critical load depended on the bias voltage and that the higher bias voltage, the better adhesion. It was also observed that the deposition rate of deposited films gradually decreased with the increase of the substrate bias voltage. Furthermore, the working pressure during the substrate ion bombardment etching greatly affected the critical load. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the scratch tracks to accurately evaluate the critical load. Substrate surface profiles obtained by a mechanical profilometer showed that the critical load increased with the increase of the surface roughness. The analysis by Auger electron spectroscopy revealed that the interface, in case of an unbiased substrate, was relatively narrow and abrupt. However, in case of a bias voltage application, the interface was wider and more diffuse. These results suggest that the mechanisms involved in critical load enhancement are due firstly to the substrate surface roughness and the substrate temperature generated by the ion bombardment, secondly to the physical mixing in the interfacial domain and the densification of the deposited material created by the bias voltage. Keywords: sputtered filmsargon ion bombardmentbias voltageadhesion scratch testmechanical profilometerscanning electron microscopyAuger electron spectroscopy Acknowledgments The authors express their gratefulness to Dr. D. Roptin and Mr. J.P. Roche (Ecole Centrale de Nantes, France) for the Auger electron spectroscopy analyses and to Dr. C. Constantinescu (IUT de Saint-Nazaire, France) for the scanning electron microscopy. They owe special thanks to Prof. A. Hennache (Al-Imam University – Riyadh-Saudi Arabia) for his valuable help.
Supported liquid membranes in radioactive waste treatment processes: Recent experience and perspective (1995)

Recent experience in practical application of Supported Liquid Membranes (SLM or SUPLIM) both in the hydrometallurgy and nuclear technology has been analyzed. The results obtained allow one to consider SUPLIM as a promising technology for radioactive waste treatment. This statement is based on the evaluation of integrated socioeconomic effects, including quantity of additional chemicals, the volume of secondary technological streams and secondary wastes, simplicity and the low costs of equipment used, potential possibility to organize in situ process, and the level of the harmful impact on personnel. 35 refs.
High algal production rates achieved in a shallow outdoor flume (1986)

Abstract A mass culture of Tetraselmis suecica grown in seawater enriched with only inorganic nutrients and CO 2 in a shallow outdoor flume containing foil arrays to effect systematic vertical mixing achieved average daily production rates of over 40 g ash‐free dry wt (AFDW)/m 2 over periods as long as one month when grown on a three‐day dilution cycle. Photosynthetic efficiencies associated with these high production rates averaged 8–11% based on visible irradiance. Operation of the system in a one‐, two‐, or four‐day dilution cycle resulted in lower photosynthetic efficiencies of 6–7%. A remarkable feature of the three‐day dilution cycle results was the fact that production on the third day after dilution averaged 60–70 g AFDW/m 2 , and corresponding photosynthetic efficiencies averaged 13–19%. The high production rates and photosynthetic efficiencies achieved on the third day after dilution may have reflected the nonequilibrium nature of the production cycle and, in particular, the fact that the adaptation of the cells to changing light condition lagged behind light condition in the culture.
A flexible integration strategy for in-car telematics systems (2005)

This paper presents an approach for the planning of integration tests of automotive telematics systems. To our knowledge no method for the determination of an integration order exists that takes the project and the system environment into account, which in our opinion greatly influence the integration order. Furthermore, most known test generation methods and structural quality measures demand syntactically sound specifications to be applied efficiently. In our projects Message Sequence Charts are often created manually from the scratch with many different tools, and therefore they are of rather low syntactical quality. This paper addresses the determination of an integration strategy, which can easily be adapted to changes in the project or in the system environment, and which can be manually applied to any given specification.
Supporting cooperative medicine: the Bermed Project (1994)

Bermed logically integrates distributed, multimedia patient data and gives authorized physicians transparent access to it through a single workstation. In conjunction with this integration, the project provides asynchronous remote access to the data and synchronous desktop conferencing between physicians connected by ATM and ISDN wide area networks. Although other projects around the world have similar aims and implementations, Bermed seems unique in its wide area logical integration of distributed patient records covering multiple specialties and in its large-scale field trials using advanced broadband communications. We summarize parts of the Bermed effort, concentrating on how it integrates patient data and supports physician cooperation through remote access to documents and multimedia desktop conferencing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Isolation and Characteristics of an Oxalate-decomposing Organism (1955)

SUMMARY:The isolation from soil of three strains of oxalate-decomposing organisms different from other known oxalate-decomposing organisms is described: only one strain was studied in detail. This organism grew in concentrations of potassium oxalate up to 2 % (w/v) with an optimum of c. 1 % (w/v). Growth was preceded by a lag period of c. 18 hr. which was not decreased by addition of yeast autolysate, bicarbonate or formate. Of several other substrates tested only glycol-late, dl-lactate. pyruvate, dl-malate and succinate supported growth. Washed cell suspensions oxidized oxalate and the gas exchanges observed corresponded with an assimilation of some of the oxalate used. The oxidizing powers of washed cells varied somewhat with the carbon source used for growth.