gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interplay of Processing, Morphological Order, and Charge-Carrier Mobility in Polythiophene Thin Films Deposited by Different Methods: Comparison of Spin-Cast, Drop-Cast, and Inkjet-Printed Films (2010)

The dependence of morphology and polymer-chain orientation of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (rrP3HT) thin films on processing conditions have been widely studied. However, their possible variation across the film thickness direction remains largely unknown. We report here a marked difference in the optical dielectric (n,k) spectra between the top and bottom interfaces of spin-cast (sc) rrP3HT films deposited from chlorobenzene solutions. These spectra were obtained from reflection variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry using a self-consistent graded optical model with self-imposed Kramers-Krönig consistency. The top interface shows a red-shifted absorption that is characteristic of better order than at the bottom, across a wide range of film thicknesses. This disparity diminishes in drop-cast (dc) and multipass inkjet-printed (ijp) films, and disappears in amorphous films such as those of polystyrene and of a green-emitting phenyl-substituted poly(p-phenylenevinylene). The (n,k) spectra also reveal that crystallinity increases across sc < dc < ijp films. This is supported by cross section scanning electron microscopy of the cleaved edges and measurement of the microroughness of both the film interfaces. Furthermore, optical anisotropy decreases across sc > dc > ijp films. Finally, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy also shows the frontier chains in ijp and dc films are more isotropically oriented than those in sc films. These results suggest that semicrystalline conjugated polymer films can be produced far from equilibrium. This explains the marked variation in their (opto)electronic properties between the top and bottom surfaces that has sometimes been found depending on the film deposition method. In particular, an unusually pronounced crystallization is induced by ijp. We label this marked ijp-induced crystallization the "ijp morphology", which appears to be general, as it is found also in single-inkjet-droplet films. It appears also to be responsible for the lower field-effect mobility measured for ijp films deposited on a variety of linear and circular electrode arrays. This however can fortuitously be reversed by annealing in solvent vapor. As all films were deposited in the low Peclet-number regime, we can rule out surface skin formation. We attribute the extensive crystallization to the non-uniform drying of picoliter droplets, further promoted by repeated film swelling-deswelling cycles in multipass-ijp films.
Isolation of Antibody to Human Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP) from Extracts of Human Placentae (2001)

Specific antibody to PLAP is present in placental extracts, and is mostly bound to placental membrane preparations. PLAP is therefore immunogenic in pregnancy and could serve as a useful monitor of pregnancy-specific immunological responses. Since a similar enzyme appears in some cancers, it is possible that the immunization against PLAP in pregnancy will help to protect against the development of ovarian and endometrial cancer (the 'fetal antigen' hypothesis).
Thrombolytic effects of 120-kHz and 1-MHz ultrasound and tissue plasminogen activator on porcine whole blood clots (2002)

Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability in the United States. For patients with ischemic stroke, the thrombolytic drug tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only FDA-approved treatment. To aid in the development of a stroke therapy, the synergistic thrombolytic effect of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and ultrasound was assessed in vitro in a porcine clot model. Whole blood clots were prepared from fresh porcine blood by aliquoting 1.5 ml into 8-mm-i.d. glass tubes, immersing the tubes in a 37&lt;th&gt;°C water bath for 3 h and storing the clots at 5&lt;th&gt;°C for at least 3 days prior to use in comparative ultrasound and t-PA studies, which ensured complete clot retraction. The 120-kHz or 1-MHz ultrasound peak-to-peak pressure amplitude used for exposures was 0.35, 0.70, or 1.00 MPa. The range of duty cycles varied from 10% to 100% (continuous wave) and the pulse repetition frequency was 1.7 kHz. Clot mass loss was measured as a function of t-PA concentration (without ultrasound) from 0.25 to 8.5 times the human clinical dose. The mass loss increased monotonically as a function of [t-PA] and saturated at 4 times the clinical dose. The degree of the ultrasound enhancement of t-PA was also explored at 120 kHz and 1 MHz. With ultrasound exposure, clot mass loss increased by as much as 250% over sham (t-PA alone). A weak dependence of clot mass loss on duty cycle was noted. We conclude that 120-kHz and 1-MHz ultrasound enhances thrombolysis. [Work supported by Senmed Medical Ventures.]
Copper Corrosion Inhibitors. A review (2008)

The literature dealing with the electrochemical corrosion of copper and possibility of its prevention using inhibitors is examined. Inorganic compounds are investigated as well, but organic compounds and their derivatives in much greater numbers. Researches are directed to influence of compounds structure, concentration, method of application as well as media that inhibitor is used in on inhibition efficiency. Moreover, action mechanisms are studied. The attempts to find models, which can enable prediction of possibilities of newly synthesized compounds to act as corrosion inhibitors, combining theory and practical investigations of substances with similar structure are also significant.
A low-complexity improved successive cancellation decoder for polar codes (2014)

Under successive cancellation (SC) decoding, polar codes are inferior to other codes of similar blocklength in terms of frame error rate. While more sophisticated decoding algorithms such as list- or stack-decoding partially mitigate this performance loss, they suffer from an increase in complexity. In this paper, we describe a new flavor of the SC decoder, called the SC flip decoder. Our algorithm preserves the low memory requirements of the basic SC decoder and adjusts the required decoding effort to the signal quality. In the waterfall region, its average computational complexity is almost as low as that of the SC decoder.
Streospecific substitution of oxygen-18 for sulfur in nucleoside phosphorothioates. (1982)

Reaction of nucleoside phosphorothioates with N-bromosuccinimide in dioxane and H218O leads to the exchange of sulfur for oxygen-18. Using the Sp-isomers of adenosine 5'-O-(1-thiodiphosphate) and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphorothioate, it can be shown by 31P NMR spectroscopy that this reaction proceeds with inversion of configuration yielding the Rp-isomers of [alpha-18O]ADP and [18O]cAMP, respectively. Adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiotriphosphate) and adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) are likewise converted to [beta-18O]ATP and [gamma-18O]ATP although the stereochemistry of the former reaction has yet to be evaluated. With very slight modifications this reaction is applicable to all the common bases.
Effect of brimonidine tartrate 0.15% on night-vision difficulty and contrast testing after refractive surgery (2008)

Brimonidine tartrate ophthalmic solution 0.15% improved contrast sensitivity and acuity and decreased night-vision difficulty for up to 1 month in patients with significant complaints after refractive surgery.
Epitaxial silicon grown on CeO2/Si(111) structure by molecular beam epitaxy (1998)

Using electron beam evaporation, a Si/CeO2/Si(111) structure has been grown in a molecular beam epitaxy machine. In situ low energy electron diffraction, cross sectional transmission electron microscopy, selected area diffraction, and atomic force microscopy have been used to structurally characterize the overlying silicon layer and show it to be single crystalline and epitaxially oriented. Rutherford backscattering and energy dispersive x-ray analysis have been used to confirm the presence of a continuous 23 Å CeO2 layer at the interface. Rutherford backscattering and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy show an additional presence of cerium both at the exposed silicon surface and incorporated in low levels (∼1%) within the silicon film, suggesting a growth mechanism with cerium riding atop the silicon growth front leaving behind small amounts of cerium incorporated in the growing silicon crystal.
Mouse LFA‐3 studied with chimeric soluble CD2 shows preferential expression on lymphoid cells (1991)

Here we have used a soluble, polyvalent form of mouse CD2, i.e. CD2-hC mu, to detect its ligand LFA-3. Mouse LFA-3 is preferentially expressed on lymphoid cells unlike human LFA-3 which shows a wide tissue distribution. Mouse LFA-3 is one of the early surface molecules expressed on developing thymocytes appearing on the surface of fetal thymocytes on day 13 of gestation. Like human LFA-3, the mouse homolog could be shown to be a phosphatidyl inositol-linked membrane protein. Since mouse LFA-3 is preferentially expressed on lymphoid cells and since CD2 is expressed by both T and B lymphocytes, we would favor the view that the CD2/LFA-3 adhesion system in the mouse may play a role in interactions between lymphocytes (T-T and/or T-B) rather than in cell interactions between lymphocytes and non-lymphoid cells in the thymic, bone marrow or spleen microenvironments.
Intentional weight loss in overweight and obese individuals and cognitive function: a systematic review and meta‐analysis (2011)

High adiposity in middle age is associated with higher dementia risk. The association between weight loss and cognitive function in older adults is still controversial. A meta-analysis was undertaken to estimate the effectiveness of intentional weight loss on cognitive function in overweight and obese adults. A structured strategy was used to search randomized and non-randomized studies reporting the effect of intentional and significant weight loss on cognitive function in overweight and obese subjects. Information on study design, age, nutritional status, weight-loss strategy, weight lost and cognitive testing was extracted. A random-effect meta-analysis was conducted to obtain summary effect estimates for memory and attention-executive domains. Twelve studies met inclusion criteria. Seven were randomized trials and the remaining five included a control group. A low-order significant effect was found for an improvement in cognitive performance with weight loss in memory (effect size 0.13, 95% CI 0.00-0.26, P=0.04) and attention/executive functioning (effect size 0.14, 95% CI 0.01-0.27, P<0.001). Studies were heterogeneous in study design, sample selection, weight-loss intervention and assessment of cognitive function. Weight loss appears to be associated with low-order improvements in executive/attention functioning and memory in obese but not in overweight individuals.
Animal Models of Zika Virus. (2017)

Zika virus has garnered great attention over the last several years, as outbreaks of the disease have emerged throughout the Western Hemisphere. Until quite recently Zika virus was considered a fairly benign virus, with limited clinical severity in both people and animals. The size and scope of the outbreak in the Western Hemisphere has allowed for the identification of severe clinical disease that is associated with Zika virus infection, most notably microcephaly among newborns, and an association with Guillian-Barré syndrome in adults. This recent association with severe clinical disease, of which further analysis strongly suggested causation by Zika virus, has resulted in a massive increase in the amount of both basic and applied research of this virus. Both small and large animal models are being used to uncover the pathogenesis of this emerging disease and to develop vaccine and therapeutic strategies. Here we review the animal-model-based Zika virus research that has been performed to date.
Treatment with GAD65 or BSA Does Not Protect Against Diabetes in BB Rats (1997)

The M(r) 65,000 isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65) has been implicated as the initiating islet cell antigen in the pathogenesis of diabetes, primarily based on studies in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. To test the role of this islet cell autoantigen in the pathogenesis of spontaneously occurring diabetes in another animal model, purified recombinant human islet GAD65 was injected i.v. at 200 micrograms/animal into 18-day-old diabetes-prone BB rats. For controls, bovine serum albumin (BSA), which has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes, or buffer alone was injected into age matched BB rats. At 210 days of age there were no differences in diabetes incidence in the 3 groups, i.e. 73% (11 of 15) in the GAD65-treated, 81% (13 of 16) in the BSA-treated and 65% (11 of 17) in the buffer-treated animals, or in the median age at onset of disease, i.e. 79 days (range 65-111), 87 days (range 60-107) and 86 days (range 74-109), respectively. The lack of protection against diabetes following GAD65 treatment could hypothetically be explained by no or by an aberrant expression of GAD in BB-rat islet cells. However, immunohistochemistry of pancreata and immunoblotting analysis of isolated islets showed that the expression of GAD65 and GAD67 was similar in BB and Lewis rats. In conclusion, these data indicate that neither GAD65 nor BSA autoimmunity is important for the development of diabetes in BB rats, in contrast to the situation in NOD mice, and further emphasizes that extrapolation from only one animal model to autoimmune diabetes in general may not be appropriate.
Ancestral MADS Box Genes in Sugi, Cryptomeria japonica D. Don (Taxodiaceae), Homologous to the B Function Genes in Angiosperms (2001)

In flowering plants, flower organ identity is controlled by the ABC genes, including several MADS box genes. We present two MADS box genes of a conifer, Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. The genes, CjMADS1 and CjMADS2, were related to the angiosperm B function genes which determine the identities of petals and stamens. A phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes form a new clade outside the angiosperm B group, that is, PISTILLATA (PI) and APETALA3 (AP3) lineages. CjMADS1 had a PI-group specific motif and CjMADS2 had AP3-group specific motifs at the C terminal end, respectively. CjMADS1 was expressed in male strobili (or cones) throughout its development, while CjMADS2 was transiently expressed during male strobilus development. The specific expression in the male reproductive organ indicated that the B function is maintained in gymnosperms. Our cladistic analysis suggests that the gene duplication event which generated B function gene lineages predates the divergence of angiosperms and gymnosperms and that the gene duplication which produced the two genes of C. japonica occurred in an ancestral conifer species.
Chip statt Maus: Mikrosensorarrays zur Chemikalienprüfung (2006)

Mit Zellkulturen auf Sensorchips lassen sich metabolische und morphologische Parameter der Zellen online und in Realzeit erfassen. Die Anwendungen reichen von Chemosensitivitätstests über die Toxizitätsanalyse bis zum pharmakologischen Wirkstoffscreening.
2,4-Diaminopyrimidines as Antimalarials. II. 5-Benzyl Derivatives (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2,4-Diaminopyrimidines as Antimalarials. II. 5-Benzyl DerivativesElvira A. Falco, Shirley DuBreuil, and George H. HitchingsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 8, 3758–3762Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01152a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01152a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views305Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The fundamental model of magnetotelluric sounding (1979)

It is widely believed that the Tikhonov-Cagniard model can be applied in the magnetotelluric method of exploration geophysics if the horizontal field changes are sufficiently slow. Actually, this is overly restrictive and may give rise to unjustified doubts about the validity of the Tikhonov-Cagniard model. This paper shows that the condition determining the applicability of the model is the linearity of the horizontal field changes, rather than the slowness of these changes. This considerably extends the sphere of practical applications of the Tikhonov-Cagniard model.
On selective compression of primary data (2015)

With the advent of social media, Internet of Things (IoT), widespread use of richer media formats such as video, and generally increased use of mobile devices, volume of online data has seen a rapid increase in recent years. To cope with this data explosion, businesses and cloud providers are scrambling to lower the cost of storing data without sacrificing the quality of their service using space reduction techniques such as compression and deduplication. Capacity savings, however, are achieved at the cost of performance and additional resource overheads. One drawback of compression techniques is the additional computation required to store and fetch data, which may significantly increase response time, i.e., I/O latency. Worse yet, inefficient compression algorithms that fail to compress data satisfactorily suffer from the latency penalty with marginal capacity savings, e.g., deciding to compress data that is encrypted or already compressed. Therefore, from a data center administrator's perspective, we should pick the set of volumes that will yield the most compression space saving with the least latency for a given amount of computation capacity, without exhaustively inspecting the data content of volumes. To fill this void, this paper proposes an approach to manage compression for a very large set of volumes. It maximizes capacity savings and minimizes latency impact without scanning the actual data content (to avoid security concerns). Our pilot deployments show significant capacity savings and performance improvements compared to benchmark compression strategies.
Cellular Growth Kinetics Distinguish a Cyclophilin Inhibitor from an HSP90 Inhibitor as a Selective Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus (2012)

During antiviral drug discovery, it is critical to distinguish molecules that selectively interrupt viral replication from those that reduce virus replication by adversely affecting host cell viability. In this report we investigate the selectivity of inhibitors of the host chaperone proteins cyclophilin A (CypA) and heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) which have each been reported to inhibit replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV). By comparing the toxicity of the HSP90 inhibitor, 17-(Allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) to two known cytostatic compounds, colchicine and gemcitabine, we provide evidence that 17-AAG exerts its antiviral effects indirectly through slowing cell growth. In contrast, a cyclophilin inhibitor, cyclosporin A (CsA), exhibited selective antiviral activity without slowing cell proliferation. Furthermore, we observed that 17-AAG had little antiviral effect in a non-dividing cell-culture model of HCV replication, while CsA reduced HCV titer by more than two orders of magnitude in the same model. The assays we describe here are useful for discriminating selective antivirals from compounds that indirectly affect virus replication by reducing host cell viability or slowing cell growth.
Effect of Osteoblastic Culture Conditions on the Structure of Poly(DL-Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) Foam Scaffolds (1999)

Poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) foams are an osteoconductive support that holds promise for the development of bone tissue in vitro and implantation into orthopedic defects. Because it is desirable that foams maintain their shape and size, we examined a variety of foams cultured in vitro with osteoblastic cells. Foams were prepared with different porosities and pore sizes by the method of solvent casting/porogen leaching using 80, 85, and 90 wt% NaCl sieved with particle sizes of 150-300 and 300-500 microm and characterized by mercury intrusion porosimetry. Foams seeded with cells were found to have volumes after 7 days in static culture that decreased with increasing porosity: the least porous exhibited no change in volume while the most porous foams decreased by 39 +/- 10%. In addition, a correlation was observed between decreasing foam volume after 7 days in culture and decreasing internal surface area of the foams prior to seeding. Furthermore, foams prepared with the 300-500 microm porogen had lower porosities, greater mean wall thicknesses between adjacent pores, and larger volumes after 7 days in culture than those prepared with the smaller porogen. Two culture conditions for maintaining cells, static and agitated (in a rotary vessel), were found to have similar influences on foam size, cell density, and osteoblastic function for 7 and 14 days in culture. Finally, we examined unseeded foams in aqueous solutions of pH 3.0, 5.0, and 7.4 and found no significant decrease in foam size with degradation. This study demonstrates that adherent osteoblastic cells may collapse very porous PLGA foams prepared by solvent casting/particulate leaching: a potentially undesirable property for repair of orthopedic defects.
Binding of Cytosolic Proteins to Myofibrils in Ischemic Rat Hearts (1996)

Myofibrillar proteins (MPs) were extracted from isolated and perfused rat hearts subjected to different periods of ischemia to investigate the occurrence of protein degradation and/or the association of cytosolic proteins with the myofibrillar pellet. A 23-kD band was detected by SDS-PAGE of MPs after 5 minutes of ischemia, with its density gradually increasing to a plateau after 20 minutes. Longer periods of ischemia were associated with the appearance of a 39-kD band. Irrespective of the duration of ischemia, both these bands persisted during reperfusion. A partial proteolytic degradation of troponin T (TnT) and troponin I (TnI) has been claimed to be responsible for the generation of these peptides. However, the N-terminal sequence of the 39-kD band was identical to that of GAPDH, whereas Edman sequencing after pepsin digestion showed that the 23 kD is alpha B-crystallin. The binding of the two cytosolic proteins to myofibrils was confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis on cryosections of ischemic hearts. In vitro studies showed that acidosis was sufficient to induce the binding of alpha B-crystallin, whereas the inhibition of ATP depletion prevented the binding of GAPDH. Thiol oxidation is unlikely to promote GAPDH binding, since perfusion with iodoacetate under aerobic conditions or treatment of homogenates with N-ethylmaleimide or diamide failed to induce GAPDH association with the myofibrils. These changes of the myofibrillar proteins could be considered as intracellular markers of the evolution of the ischemic damage. In addition, the binding of the 23-kD peptide might be involved in alterations of contractility.