gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Flux Central Receivers of Molten Salts for the New Generation of Commercial Stand-Alone Solar Power Plants (2008)

Molten salt technology represents nowadays the most cost-effective technology for electricity generation for stand-alone solar power plants. Although this technology can be applied to both concentrating technologies, parabolic through and central receiver systems (CRSs), CRS technology can take advantages from its higher concentration, allowing to work at higher temperatures and therefore with a reduction in the size and cost of the storage system. The receiver system is the “door” for which the energy passes from the field collector to the thermal-electric cycle; it represents, therefore, the core of the CRS and its performance directly affects plant production. Starting from the published lessons from SOLAR TWO receiver technology, the validation of an improved receiver for molten salt technology was assumed as part of the SOLAR TRES solar thermal power commercial plant development. Main challenges for the new receiver were to increase its allowable peak flux up to 1MW∕m2 in order to maximize the thermal efficiency of the CRS solar power plant, and to improve its safe life without limiting the incident fluxes that the field of heliostats is able to deliver with an optimized pointing strategy. Several advanced features in geometric and thermodynamic aspects and in its material selection have been implemented on the receiver. With the results of a sensitivity analysis carried out with an own code developed by SENER (SENREC), a prototype receiver panel was designed, fabricated, and installed in a proper test bed at the PSA. Test validation on this panel was carried out in 2007. The initial test results show a very good behavior of the prototype receiver, which allows to anticipate that the objectives of its design can be fulfilled. SENER and CIEMAT have joined forces to face up the challenge of sizing and designing a new molten salt receiver of high thermal efficiency, able to operate at high fluxes without compromising its durability (at least 25years). Main challenges for the new receiver design were to optimize the receiver dimensions and receiver tube sizes and material selection to surpass the operating conditions in the new plants with respect to SOLAR TWO.
On-Resistance Modulation of High Voltage GaN HEMT on Sapphire Substrate Under High Applied Voltage (2007)

The 620-V/1.4-A GaN high-electron mobility transistors on sapphire substrate were fabricated and the ON-resistance modulations caused by current collapse phenomena were measured under high applied voltage. Since the fabricated devices had insulating substrates, no field-plate (FP) effect was expected and the ON-resistance increases of these devices were larger than those on an n-SiC substrate even with the same source-FP structure. The dual-FP structure, which was a combination of gate FP and source FP, was effective in suppressing the ON -resistance increase due to minimization of the gate-edge electric field concentration. The ON-resistance after the applied voltage of 250 V decreased by twice that at low drain voltage by the dual-FP structure. Gallium nitride (GaN), high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT), high voltage, power semiconductor device.
Shaping the Fluorescent Emission by Lattice Resonances in Plasmonic Crystals of Nanoantennas (2009)

We demonstrate that the emission of light by fluorescent molecules in the proximity of periodic arrays of nanoantennas or plasmonic crystals can be strongly modified when the arrays are covered by a dielectric film. The coupling between localized surface plasmon resonances and photonic states leads to surface modes which increase the density of optical states and improve light extraction. Excited dye molecules preferentially decay radiatively into these modes, exhibiting an enhanced and directional emission.
Evaluation policy: An introduction and overview (2009)

Abstract Evaluation policy is of considerable importance, especially in relation to the limited amount of attention it receives as a general topic in the mainstream evaluation literature. Evaluation policies matter for several reasons, among them that they can profoundly affect evaluation practice, they underlie many recent and current controversies about evaluation, and they may be a lever for change that can have far‐reaching effects for practice. This chapter gives an overview of several issues regarding evaluation policy, including defining it, identifying possible facets of evaluation policy, describing how it is established, and outlining the potentially greater role for evaluators in shaping the evaluation policies that influence evaluation practice. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
2-aryl-5-arylsulfanyl-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylic acids and their derivatives (2010)

A convenient preparative procedure has been developed for the synthesis of previously unknown 2-aryl-5-arylsulfanyl-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylic acids and their functional derivatives from accessible multicenter substrates of the general formula Cl2C=C(NHCOR)C(O)OMe. The products turned out to be suitable for various subsequent transformations. Some oxazole-4-carboxylic acid hydrazide derivatives containing a substituted oxazol-5-yl fragment at the N2 atom in the hydrazine moiety underwent recyclization on heating in acetic acid; as a result, one oxazole ring was converted into 1,3,4-oxadiazole.
The Development and Evaluation of a Network for Producing and Sharing Video Presentations (2014)

This paper describes the technology and methodology used in the development and evaluation of an online network to help instructors produce and share video presentations in a new and innovative way. The network offers an application and platform for recording and sharing video presentations. The application allows instructors to narrate and annotate PowerPoint slides and synchronize a variety of visual aids, including webcam footage, whiteboard, drawing board, and web browser. The platform uses YouTube API to upload and integrate videos with scrollable slide thumbnails. Quantitative and qualitative techniques were implemented to collect data and report on the usability of the network and effectiveness of video presentations. The results of usability evaluation showed that the network was perceived by instructors and students as effective, efficient, and relevance for self- production and sharing of video presentations. In addition, video presentations produced by participants met the criteria of quality of video presentations.
A Modified Spiral Search Algorithm And Its Embedded System Architecture Design (2008)

One of the most growing areas in the embedded community is multimedia devices. Multimedia devices incorporate a number of complicated functions for their operation, like motion estimation. A multitude of different implementations have been proposed to reduce motion estimation complexity, such as spiral search. We have studied the implementations of spiral search and identified areas of improvement. We propose a modified spiral search algorithm, with lower computational complexity compared to the original spiral search. We have implemented our algorithm on an embedded ARM based architecture, with custom memory hierarchy. The resulting system yields energy consumption reduction up to 64% and performance increase up to 77%, with a small penalty of 2.3 dB, in average, of video quality compared with the original spiral search algorithm.
Mechanism and Rate of the Intramolecular Energy Transfer Process in Rare-Earth Chelates (1965)

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A Robust Method for ECG-Based Estimation of the Respiratory Frequency During Stress Testing (2006)

A robust method is presented for electrocardiogram (ECG)-based estimation of the respiratory frequency during stress testing. Such ECGs contain highly nonstationary noise and exhibit changes in QRS morphology which, when combined with the dynamic nature of the respiratory frequency, make most existing methods break down. The present method exploits the oscillatory pattern of the rotation angles of the heart's electrical axis as induced by respiration. The series of rotation angles, obtained from least-squares loop alignment, is subject to power spectral analysis and estimation of the respiratory frequency. Robust techniques are introduced to handle the nonstationary properties of exercise ECGs. The method is evaluated by means of both simulated signals, and ECG/airflow signals recorded from 14 volunteers and 20 patients during stress testing. The resulting respiratory frequency estimation error is, for simulated signals, equal to 0.5% +/- 0.2%, mean +/- SD (0.002 +/- 0.001 Hz), whereas the error between respiratory frequencies of the ECG-derived method and the airflow signals is 5.9% +/- 4% (0.022 +/- 0.016Hz). The results suggest that the method is highly suitable for analysis of noisy ECG signals recorded during stress testing.
Disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: report of the Consensus Study Group of the European Workshop for Rheumatology Research. II. Identification of the variables indicative of disease activity and their use in the development of an activity score. The European Consensus Study Group for Disease Activity in SLE. (1993)

A European Consensus Group study, involving 29 centres from 14 countries, was performed in order to reach agreement on the definition of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to construct a new disease index. Data on 704 lupus patients were collected and analysed, using univariate and multivariate statistical procedures, to select those clinical and laboratory features of the disorder which best correlate with the global assessment of disease activity assigned to the patients by the physician of each participating centre. A combination of 15 clinical and laboratory variables was shown to be the best predictor of disease activity in SLE. A European Consensus Lupus Activity Measurement (ECLAM) was then formulated. This index included the 15 selected variables, weighted (with some adjustments) according to their respective regression coefficients in the multivariate model. ECLAM appears to be an effective instrument for scoring patients with different degrees of disease activity. This is the first SLE disease activity index based on data from a very large number of lupus patients followed at a large number of lupus centres in different countries. It might therefore very well serve as a standardised measure for future European clinical studies. Final assessment of the validity, reliability and sensitivity of this index is now underway.
Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction of Neovasculature in Solid Tumors and Basement Membrane Matrix Using <i>Ex Vivo</i> X‐ray Microcomputed Tomography (2013)

Ex vivo micro-CT can be used for 3D reconstruction and quantitative analysis of neovasculature including microcirculation in solid tumors and Matrigel plugs. This method can be generally applied for reconstructing and measuring vascular structures in three dimensions.
3D Face Mesh Modeling for 3D Face Recognition (2009)

Face recognition has rapidly emerged as an important area of research within many scientific and engineering disciplines. It has attracted research institutes, commercial industries, and numerous government agencies. This fact is evident by the existence of large number of face recognition conferences such as the International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture and the Biometric Consortium conference. Special issues of well known journals, are being dedicated to face modeling and recognition, such as the journal of Computer Vision and Image Understanding (CVIU), and the systematic empirical evaluations of face recognition techniques including the FERET (Phillips et al., 2000), XM2VTS There are few reasons for this trend; first the demands for machine automations, securities, and law enforcements have created a wide range of commercial applications. The second is the availability of feasible technologies developed by researchers in the areas of image processing, pattern recognition, neural network, computer vision, and computer graphics. Another reason for this growing interest is to help us better understand ourselves through the fields of psychology and cognitive science which targeted the perception of faces in the brain. Because our natural face recognition abilities are very powerful, the study of the brain system could offer important guidance in the development of automatic face recognition.
Improved path clustering for adaptive path-delay testing (2012)

Adaptive path-delay testing is a testing methodology that reduces redundant test patterns based on the measured process condition of a die under test (DUT). To improve testing efficiency, process conditions are clustered into a limited number of clusters, each of which has a corresponding set of test patterns. The test pattern set of a cluster must include all potential timing-critical paths of all process conditions in the cluster. Hence, high-quality clustering is needed to minimize redundant test paths. In this paper, we propose a new clustering heuristic to minimize the expected number of redundant test paths in adaptive path-delay testing. Our experimental results on randomly generated testcases show that the proposed clustering heuristic can reduce the expected number of test paths by up to 40% compared to the previous Greedy clustering algorithm of Uezono et al. [5]. To address unique attributes of an industrial testcase obtained from the authors of [5], we integrate the dynamic-programming restricted-partitioning technique of [1], which improves the expected number of test paths by up to 5% compared to the Greedy algorithm.
Production of Genetically Engineered Golden Syrian Hamsters by Pronuclear Injection of the CRISPR/Cas9 Complex (2018)

The pronuclear (PN) injection technique was first established in mice to introduce foreign genetic materials into the pronuclei of one-cell stage embryos. The introduced genetic material may integrate into the embryonic genome and generate transgenic animals with foreign genetic information following transfer of the injected embryos to foster mothers. Following the success in mice, PN injection has been applied successfully in many other animal species. Recently, PN injection has been successfully employed to introduce reagents with gene-modifying activities, such as the CRISPR/Cas9 system, to achieve site-specific genetic modifications in several laboratory and farm animal species. In addition to mastering the special set of microinjection skills to produce genetically modified animals by PN injection, researchers must understand the reproduction physiology and behavior of the target species, because each species presents unique challenges. For example, golden Syrian hamster embryos have unique handling requirements in vitro such that PN injection techniques were not possible in this species until recent breakthroughs by our group. With our species-modified PN injection protocol, we have succeeded in producing several gene knockout (KO) and knockin (KI) hamsters, which have been used successfully to model human diseases. Here we describe the PN injection procedure for delivering the CRISPR/Cas9 complex to the zygotes of the hamster, the embryo handling conditions, embryo transfer procedures, and husbandry required to produce genetically modified hamsters.
Rare Metal Recovery and Recycling in Consumer-electronics Production (2009)

ハイテク製品には，レアメタルを駆使して機能を実現しているものが少なくない。近年，需要が増加している液晶ディスプレイも例外ではなく，透明電極材料にレアメタルであるインジウムを使用している。液晶ディスプレイの増産に伴い，インジウムの需要も増加している。もともと生産量の少ないこともあって，液晶ディスプレイメーカーにとってインジウム資源を確保することは将来にわたって重要である。そこで，著者らは液晶ディスプレイパネルからインジウムを回収リサイクルする方法の開発に取り組み，イオン交換樹脂を用いた簡便で省エネルギーな方法を開発した。240kg/日の液晶ディスプレイパネルを処理可能な実証機を作製し，製造工程から排出される工程不良パネルを用いた実証実験により，インジウム回収率94%が得られた。
Preoperative Diagnosis of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma by RT-PCR Using RNA Extracted from Leftover Cells within a Needle Used for Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy<sup>1</sup> (1999)

Fine needle aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) is commonly used to diagnose thyroid tumors. In some clinical situations, however, accurate diagnosis requires a more objective method than cytological examination alone. Medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC) derive from C cells in the thyroid and express some specific messenger RNAs (mRNA), such as those transcribed from the RET proto-oncogene, the calcitonin gene, and the gene for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which usually do not exist in normal thyroid follicular cells or thyroid tumors of follicular epithelial descent. Recently, we established a new method for the molecular diagnosis of thyroid tumors without additional invasion to the patient by extracting RNA for RT-PCR from the leftover cells inside the needles used for fine needle aspiration biopsy (Aspiration Biopsy-Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction, ABRP). By applying the ABRP method to the detection of RET, calcitonin, and CEA mRNAs, an accurate molecular-based diagnosis for MTC maybe established as an adjunct to cytological diagnosis. In this study, 35 aspirates were obtained at the time of surgery from thyroid tumors, including 11 MTCs. The expression of these mRNAs in the leftover cells inside the needles used for the aspiration was then examined. Transcripts from all three genes were detected in the samples from all 11 MTCs, but none of these mRNAs were detected in the other tumors or normal thyroid tissues. Furthermore, MTC was preoperatively diagnosed in three patients by ABRP detection of these mRNAs, and these diagnoses were confirmed by subsequent cytological and histopathological analyses. Thus RT-PCR detection of RET, calcitonin, and CEA mRNAs in FNABs may be an efficient molecular adjunct for diagnosing MTC.
Film Cooling With Compound Angle Holes: Adiabatic Effectiveness (1994)

Film cooling effectiveness was studied experimentally in a flat plate test facility with zero pressure gradient using a single row of inclined holes which injected high density, cryogenically cooled air. Round holes and holes with a diffusing expanded exit were directed laterally away from the freestream direction with a compound angle of 60°. Comparisons were made with a baseline case of round holes aligned with the freestream. The effects of doubling the hole spacing to six hole diameters for each geometry were also examined. Experiments were performed at a density ratio of 1.6 with a range of blowing ratios from 0.5 to 2.5 and momentum flux ratios from 0.16 to 3.9. Lateral distributions of adiabatic effectiveness results were determined at streamwise distances from 3 D to 15 D downstream of the injection holes. All hole geometries had similar maximum spatially averaged effectiveness at a low momentum flux ratio of I = 0.25, but the round and expanded exit holes with compound angle had significantly greater effectiveness at larger momentum flux ratios. The compound angle holes with expanded exits had a much improved lateral distribution of coolant near the hole for all momentum flux ratios.
Clinical experience with heart transplantation in infants1 (1998)

Heart transplantation during early infancy is a rational and durable therapy for heart diseases with irreversible myocardial failure or severe structural anomalies. The intermediate-term results have been encouraging in many centers, but more data must be accumulated to determine the sequelae of chronic immunosuppression. The lack of donor organs remains one of the major problems in pediatric heart transplantation.
Field behaviour at a triple junction in composite dielectric arrangements (1991)

The author examines the field behaviour at and near various points of contact between a solid dielectric and a conductor. The topics discussed include analytical expressions and numerically calculated results of field strength as well as their potential practical applications. The effect of conductivity is explained in some cases. There are principally three contact conditions depending on the contact angle; 90, 0 to 90, and 0 degrees . The contact angle between 0 and 90 degrees results in a field concentration of K*l/sup m/ near a contact point where l is the distance from the point. In the case of zero contact angle, where a solid dielectric and a conductor are both rounded or planar, a simple mathematical function expresses the effect of relative permittivity on the field concentration at the contact.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interfacial Electrofabrication of Freestanding Biopolymer Membranes with Distal Electrodes (2020)

Using electrical signals to guide materials' deposition has a long-standing history in metal coating, microchip fabrication, and the integration of organics with devices. In electrodeposition, however, the conductive materials can be deposited only onto the electrode surfaces. Here, an innovative process is presented to electrofabricate freestanding biopolymer membranes at the interface of electrolytes without any supporting electrodes at the fabrication site. Chitosan, a derivative from the naturally abundant biopolymer chitin, has been broadly explored in electrodeposition for integrating biological entities onto microfabricated devices. It is widely believed that the pH gradients generated at the cathode deprotonate the positively charged chitosan chains into a film on the cathode surface. The interfacial electrofabrication with pH indicators, however, demonstrated that the membrane growth was driven by the instantaneous flow of hydroxyl ions from the ambient alginate solution, rather than the slow propagation of pH gradients from the cathode surface. This interfacial electrofabrication produces freestanding membrane structures and can be expanded to other materials, which presents a new direction in using electrical signals for manufacturing.
Cancer — Nature, Nurture, or Both (2000)

The relative roles of genetic constitution and environmental exposure in the causation of cancer have been debated for decades.1 Geographic differences, trends over time in the risk of cancer, and detailed studies of migrant populations overwhelmingly implicate environmental exposures as major causal factors and often identify the responsible carcinogens (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, radiation, occupational toxins, infections, diet, drugs). From this work has come the widely accepted estimate that 80 to 90 percent of human cancer is due to environmental factors.2 Yet in the past 15 years, the explosion of molecular genetics has overshadowed environmental explanations by revealing genetic mechanisms underlying . . .
The Development of a Blood Leakage Monitoring System for the Applications in Hemodialysis Therapy (2014)

The purpose of this paper is to design, fabricate, and characterize of a bracelet monitoring device for blood leakage detection during the hemodialysis treatment. The design includes a photointerrupter, a Bluetooth 4 wireless module, power, and alert components. The validation results show that it only needs a very small amount of blood (0.01 ml), and takes 1.6 s to detect a blood leakage. Furthermore, the lifetime of the battery on this device is longer than the currently available commercial products. It can continuously give out an alert for 18-h long and continuously monitor up to 41 h. In addition, the transmission range of Bluetooth wireless signal can be extended to 23 m. As long as the patients wear this bracelet blood leakage detector during the hemodialysis therapy and affix the absorbent material onto the junction of fistula, any blood leakage can be detected. As the absorbent material is placed at the light sensing position of the photointerrupter, which causes the received light intensity to change during blood leakage. Once a blood leakage occurs, the absorbent material absorbs the blood due to the capillary action and triggers the alarm system. A warning light will also be activated, and a leakage occurrence is transmitted to the healthcare stations alarming healthcare workers via the Bluetooth wireless. The healthcare workers can take appropriate action immediately to prevent any risks to the patients during hemodialysis therapy. The proposed blood leakage monitoring system can improve the current medical approach for the hemodialysis therapy.