gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on Isocyanides and Related Compounds. Synthesis of Benzofuran Derivatives (1991)

The reaction between 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1a), isocyanides 2, and ammonium formate, in the conditions of the Ugi four-component condensation, affords 2-alkylamino- and 2-arylamino-3-[(2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]benzofurans 3a-c. Analogously by employing 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1b) as the carbonyl compound, 2-alkylamino- and 2-arylamino-5-bromo-3- [(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino]benzofurans 3d-f are obtained.
A Conduction Model to Predict Grain Temperatures in Grain Drying Simulation (1987)

ABSTRACT Aset of conductive heat and diffusive moisture trans-fer equations to improve grain drying simulation is outlined. The equations are verified with the available experimental drying rates and surface temperatures for barley and wheat in the range of 40 to 175C. It is concluded that for accurate moisture and temperature predictions, time dependent gradient models are superior to the simpler lump models commonly used in drying simulations.
Fused Single-Mode Optical Fibre Couplers (<i>Invited Paper</i>) (1986)

A tutorial introduction to the fused-tapered single-mode optical fibre coupler is presented. It is shown that the properties of the coupler can be deduced from fundamental physical arguments without reference to the detailed internal construction of the component. Some of the important experimental properties are discussed and a detailed theoretical model is discussed.
Design considerations in a BiCMOS dual-modulus prescaler (2003)

Design considerations in a dual modulus divide by 32/33 prescaler with a 0.6/spl mu/m BiCMOS process are presented. Care was taken to design the ECL-based circuits to operate with as low supply voltage and current consumption as possible. The phase noise contribution of the integrated bandgap bias network is demonstrated through simulations. The tradeoff between the power consumption and the phase noise is pointed out and some guidelines are provided to improve the noise performance. Measurements confirm the functionality of the prescaler with a 2.5V supply drawing around 2.3mA at 2.35 GHz with an input sensitivity between -24dBm and 12dBm. The circuit operates with a supply voltage down to 2.1V but with limited input sensitivity.
A new power amplifier topology with series biasing and power combining of transistors (2003)

A power amplifier topology was demonstrated in a microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) implementation with GaAs MESFETs. This topology overcomes several limitations of the traditional approach of paralleling of power transistor unit cells. In the new topology, unit cells are both parallel and series combined. The benefits include higher input and output impedances, broadband power matched interstage networks, and high voltage biasing at reduced DC current. Measured results on a MMIC and a hybrid power amplifier implemented with this technique are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fluid resuscitation in septic shock: A positive fluid balance and elevated central venous pressure are associated with increased mortality* (2010)

A more positive fluid balance both early in resuscitation and cumulatively over 4 days is associated with an increased risk of mortality in septic shock. Central venous pressure may be used to gauge fluid balance ≤ 12 hrs into septic shock but becomes an unreliable marker of fluid balance thereafter. Optimal survival in the VASST study occurred with a positive fluid balance of approximately 3 L at 12 hrs.
Differential Value of Comparison with Previous Examinations in Diagnostic Versus Screening Mammography (2002)

For screening mammography, comparison with previous examinations significantly decreases false-positive but not true-positive findings and permits detection of cancers at an earlier stage. For diagnostic mammography, comparison with previous examinations increases true-positive findings.
Early Identification of Bacteria Leading to Central Venous Catheter Contamination (2003)

In five of seven central venous catheters removed because of clinical signs of catheter-related blood infections, DNA analysis showed bacteria found on the catheter tip to be identical with bacteria found on the puncture kits used for insertion of these catheters.
Automated Titrations with an Alternate Flow: Linear Speed Variation System (1995)

Abstract The alternate flow-linear speed variation system consists of two peristaltic pumps, two three-way valves, a mixing coil and a detector. The rotation speeds of the first and second pump are linearily decreased and increased with time, respectively. The error caused by tubing deterioration (a function of time and temperature) is eliminated by a twin cycle operation. The accuracy of the determination depends on the delay caused by the mixing coil and the time response of the detector. The effect of this delay on accuracy has been checked by diluting sodium hydroxide solution with distilled water and measuring the conductance of the solution with a conductivity flow cell. Results indicate that accurate titrations can be carried out, providing the pump drivers are matched before analysis within ±20 percent. The operation of the system was demonstrated by conductometric and potentiometric titrations of well known systems.
A randomized controlled trial of gabapentin for chronic low back pain with and without a radiating component (2016)

Gabapentin is prescribed for analgesia in chronic low back pain, yet there are no controlled trials supporting this practice. This randomized, 2-arm, 12-week, parallel group study compared gabapentin (forced titration up to 3600 mg daily) with inert placebo. The primary efficacy measure was change in pain intensity from baseline to the last week on treatment measured by the Descriptor Differential Scale; the secondary outcome was disability (Oswestry Disability Index). The intention-to-treat analysis comprised 108 randomized patients with chronic back pain (daily pain for ≥6 months) whose pain did (43%) or did not radiate into the lower extremity. Random effects regression models which did not impute missing scores were used to analyze outcome data. Pain intensity decreased significantly over time (P < 0.0001) with subjects on gabapentin or placebo, reporting reductions of about 30% from baseline, but did not differ significantly between groups (P = 0.423). The same results pertained for disability scores. In responder analyses of those who completed 12 weeks (N = 72), the proportion reporting at least 30% or 50% reduction in pain intensity, or at least "Minimal Improvement" on the Physician Clinical Global Impression of Change did not differ significantly between groups. There were no significant differences in analgesia between participants with radiating (n = 46) and nonradiating (n = 62) pain either within or between treatment arms. There was no significant correlation between gabapentin plasma concentration and pain intensity. Gabapentin appears to be ineffective for analgesia in chronic low back pain with or without a radiating component.
Tunable Micropatterned Substrates Based on Poly(dopamine) Deposition via Microcontact Printing (2012)

A simple technique was developed to fabricate tunable micropatterned substrates based on mussel-inspired surface modification. Polydopamine (PDA) was developed on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps and was easily imprinted to several substrates such as glass, silicon, gold, polystyrene, and poly(ethylene glycol) via microcontact printing. The imprinted PDA retained its unique reactivity and could modulate the chemical properties of micropatterns via secondary reactions, which was illustrated in this study. PDA patterns imprinted onto a cytophobic and nonfouling substrates were used to form patterns of cells or proteins. PDA imprints reacted with nucleophilic amines or thiols to conjugate molecules such as poly(ethylene glycol) for creating nonfouling area. Gold nanoparticles were immobilized onto PDA-stamped area. The reductive ability of PDA transformed silver ions to elemental metals as an electroless process of metallization. This facile and economic technique provides a powerful tool for development of a functional patterned substrate for various applications.
Colonization and Resistance Dynamics of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Patients during and after Hospitalization (2005)

The colonization and resistance dynamics of aerobic gram-negative bacteria in the intestinal and oropharyngeal microfloras of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) and general wards were investigated during and after hospitalization. A total of 3,316 specimens were obtained from patients upon admission, once weekly during hospitalization, at discharge from the ICU, at discharge from the hospital, and 1 and 3 months after discharge from the hospital. Five colonies per specimen were selected for identification and susceptibility testing. In both patient populations, the gram-negative colonization rates in oropharyngeal specimens increased during hospitalization and did not decrease in the 3 months after discharge. In rectal specimens, colonization rates decreased during hospitalization and increased after discharge. There was a change in species distribution among the dominant microfloras during hospitalization. Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated more often, whereas the frequency of Escherichia coli declined. The percentage of ICU patients colonized with ampicillin- and/or cephalothin-resistant fecal E. coli was significantly increased at discharge from the hospital and did not change in the 3 months after discharge. The emergence of multidrug resistance was observed for E. coli during patient stays in the ICU. Resistance frequencies in E. coli significantly increased with the length of stay in the ICU. For the general ward population, no significant changes in resistance frequencies were found during hospitalization. From a population perspective, the risk of dissemination of resistant gram-negative bacteria into the community through hospitalized patients appears to be low for general ward patients but is noticeably higher among ICU patients.
Visualizing and Quantifying Vineyard Canopy LAI Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Collected High Density Structure from Motion Point Cloud (2013)

This study explores the use of structure from motion (SfM), a computer vision technique, to model vine canopy structure at a study vineyard in the Texas Hill Country. Using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a digital camera, 201 aerial images (nadir and oblique) were collected and used to create a SfM point cloud. All points were classified as ground or non-ground points. Non-ground points, presumably representing vegetation and other above ground objects, were used to create visualizations of the study vineyard blocks. Further, the relationship between non-ground points in close proximity to 67 sample vines and collected leaf area index (LAI) measurements for those same vines was also explored. Points near sampled vines were extracted from which several metrics were calculated and input into a stepwise regression model to attempt to predict LAI. This analysis resulted in a moderate R2 value of 0.567, accounting for 57 percent of the variation of LAISQRT using six predictor variables. These results provide further justification for SfM datasets to provide three-dimensional datasets necessary for vegetation structure visualization and biophysical modeling over areas of smaller extent. Additionally, SfM datasets can provide an increased temporal resolution compared to traditional three-dimensional datasets like those captured by light detection and ranging (lidar).
Adsorption and Separation of Noble Gases by IRMOF-1: Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulations (2009)

The gas storage capacity of metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) is well-known and has been investigated using both experimental and computational methods. Previous Monte Carlo computer simulations of gas adsorption by MOFs have made several questionable approximations regarding framework−framework and framework−adsorbate interactions: potential parameters from general force fields have been used, and framework atoms were fixed at their crystallographic coordinates (rigid framework). We assess the validity of these approximations with grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations for a well-known Zn-based MOF (IRMOF-1), using potential parameters specifically derived for IRMOF-1. Our approach is validated by comparison with experimental results for hydrogen and xenon adsorption at room temperature. The effects of framework flexibility on the adsorption of noble gases and hydrogen are described, as well as the selectivity of IRMOF-1 for xenon versus other noble gases. At both low temperature (78 K) and room temperature, little difference in gas adsorption is seen between the rigid and flexible force fields. Experimental trends of noble gas inflation curves are also matched by the simulation results. Additionally, we show that IRMOF-1 selectively adsorbs Xe atoms in Xe/Kr and Xe/Ar mixtures, and this preference correlates with the trend in van der Waals parameters for the adsorbate atoms.
Modified LC-trie based efficient routing lookup (2003)

IP address lookup at the router is a complex problem. This has been primarily due to the increasing table sizes, growth in traffic rate and high link capacities. We propose an algorithm for fast routing lookup with reduced memory utilization and access time. This approach shows significant performance improvement in the average case and optimizes the overall time taken for packet routing. Since storage requirement, processing time and number of lookups performed are reduced, power consumption by the router is also reduced. Our simulation result indicates that the proposed technique works approximately 4.11 times better than the standard level compressed trie (LC-trie) approach (see Nilsson, S. and Karlsson, G., Proc. IEEE Broadband Commun. 98, p.9-18, 1998) in the average case.
Ultra-high Pressure Decontamination of Insect Biocontrol Preparations (1995)

Living bacteria or bacterial spores are undesirable components of baculovirus preparations (e.g. granulosis virus) produced in vivo. This is also true, at least in Germany, for preparations of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis. Using ultra-high pressure treatment (at a pressure of 550-580 MPa and a temperature of 50 C) the concentration of these bacterial contaminants was reduced by up to eight orders of magnitude. The biocontrol activity of both preparations remained unchanged.
Drumix: An Audio Player with Real-time Drum-part Rearrangement Functions for Active Music Listening (2007)

This paper presents a highly functional audio player, called Drumix, that allows a listener to control the volume, timbre, and rhythmic patterns (drum patterns)of bass and snare drums within existing audio recordings in real time. A demand for active music listening has recently emerged. If the drum parts of popular songs could be manipulated, listeners could have new musical experiences by freely changing their impressions of the pieces (e.g., making the drum performance more energetic)instead of passively listening to them. To achieve this, Drumix provides three functions for rearranging drum parts, i.e., a volume control function that enables users to cut or boost the volume of each drum with a drum-specific volume slider, a timbre change function that allows them to replace the original timbre of each drum with another selected from a drop-down list, and a drum-pattern editing function that enables them to edit repetitive patterns of drum onsets on a graphical representation of their scores. Special musical skills are not required to use these functions. Subjective experiments revealed that Drumix could add a new dimension to the way listeners experience music.
The Experience of Social Touch in Multi-User Virtual Reality (2020)

We present user study results on virtual body contact experience in a two-user VR scenario, in which participants performed different touches with a research assistant. The interaction evoked different emotional reactions in perceived relaxation, happiness, desire, anxiety, disgust, and fear. Congruent to physical social touch, the evaluation of virtual body contact was modulated by intimacy, touch direction, and sex. Further, individual comfort with interpersonal touch was positively associated with perceived relaxation and happiness. We discuss the results regarding implications for follow-up studies and infer implications for the use of social touch in social VR applications.
Predictive biomarkers for targeting insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) receptor (2009)

The development of anticancer drugs remains slow and costly. Use of predictive biomarkers has been postulated to not only accelerate this process but also increase the odds of drug approval ([1][1]). Despite concerns about the validation of the insulin-like growth factor receptor type I (IGF-IR) as
Impact of Ischemia and Reperfusion Times on Myocardial Infarct Size in Mice <i>In Vivo</i> (2008)

The murine in vivo model of acute myocardial infarction is increasingly used to study signal transduction pathways. However, methodological details of this model are rarely published, and durations of ischemia and reperfusion (REP) time vary considerably among different laboratories. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that infarct size (IS) is dependent on both duration of ischemia and REP time. Pentobarbital-anesthetized male C57BL/6 mice were intubated, mechanically ventilated, and instrumented for continuous monitoring of mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate. After left fourth thoracotomy, the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated. Mice were randomly assigned to receive 30, 45, or 60 mins of coronary artery occlusion (CAO) and 120, 180, or 240 mins of REP, respectively. IS was determined with triphenyltetrazolium chloride and area at risk (AAR) with Evans blue, respectively. Arterial blood gas analysis and hemodynamics were not different among groups. Prolongation of CAO from 30 to 60 mins significantly (*P<0.05) increased IS from 18% +/- 5% to 69% +/- 3%*, from 20% +/- 2% to 69% +/- 6%* and from 42% +/- 10% to 75% +/- 2%* after 120, 180, and 240 mins REP, respectively. Moreover, IS was increased from 18% +/- 5% to 42% +/- 10%* (30 mins CAO) and from 40% +/- 3% to 72% +/- 6%* (45 mins CAO) when REP time was prolonged from 120 to 240 mins. IS was not increased when REP was prolonged from 120 to 240 mins at 60 mins CAO (69% +/- 3% vs. 75% +/- 2%). In the present study, we describe important methodological aspects of the murine in vivo model of acute myocardial infarction and provide evidence that, in this model, IS depends both on duration of ischemia and on REP time.
Pressure Control in Pump Discharge Lines (1981)

The design option available for limiting transient pressures in pump discharge lines to safe and economic levels are reviewed with particular attention to the merits of passive measures which do not rely on the rapid and correct response of mechanical devices. It is shown that the simplest option (controlled separation) can provide a satisfactory degree of pressure control over a wide range of design conditions than is generally appreciated.
Fractal Feature of Dynamically Recrystallized Quartz Grains and #br#Estimation of Mainly Rheological Parameters in Pangxidong #br#Fracture Zone,Southern Section of Qinzhou Bay-Hangzhou #br#Bay Juncture Orogenic Belt,South China (2013)

The Pangxidong fracture zone of Guangdong developing in south of Qinzhou Bay(Q)-Hangzhou Bay(H) juncture orogenic belt is an important structure controlling silver-gold deposits forming and also a significant window to see the tectonic evolution history of Q-H juncture orogenic belt.The mylonites from it are studied in this paper.It researches the fractal feature and mainly rheological parameters of dynamically recrystallized quartz grains in mylonites.Classical S-C fabrics are founded in mylonites.This NE-trending ductile shear zone is dextral shear according to studying σ-rotational porphyroclasts.Under the light microscope,undulatory extinction,core-mantle structure,sub grain,dynamic recrystallization,elongated single crystal and quartz ribbon are observed.The widespread dynamic recrystallization of quartz grains which are slightly elongated and directed have jagged and indented boundaries.The ductile deformation temperature of rocks in Pangxidong fracture zone is approximately 600℃ through fractal analysis and microscope observation,which presents low amphibolite facies.The quartz recrystallized grain size paleopiezometer suggests that the differential stress is 9.1-10.7MPa(lower limits).The extrapolation of quartzite flow laws shows the strain rate is under 10-13.8s-1.These rheological parameters can be used in a deeper research on the ductile deformation process of Pangxidong fracture zone.
A novel approach to blood plasma viscosity measurement using fluorescent molecular rotors (2002)

Molecular rotors, a group of fluorescent molecules with viscosity-dependent quantum yield, were tested for their suitability to act as fluorescence-based plasma viscometers. The viscosity of samples of human plasma was modified by the addition of pentastarch (molecular mass 260 kDa, 10% solution in saline) and measured with a Brookfield viscometer. Plasma viscosity was 1.6 mPa x s, and the mixtures ranged up to 4.5 mPa x s (21 degrees C). The stimulated light emission of the molecular rotors mixed in the plasma samples yielded light intensity that was nonoverlapping and of significantly different intensity for viscosity steps down to 0.3 mPa x s (n = 5, P < 0.0001). The mathematical relationship between intensity (I) and viscosity (eta) was found to be eta = (kappaI)(nu). After calibration and scaling the fluorescence based measurement had an average deviation versus the conventional viscometric measurements that was <1.8%. These results show the suitability of molecular rotors for fast, low-volume biofluid viscosity measurements achieving accuracy and precision comparable to mechanical viscometers.
Isolation and characterization of different clones including myoepithelial-like variants from a clonal neoplastic epithelial duct cell line of human salivary gland origin. (1986)

A clonal neoplastic epithelial duct cell (HSGc) of human salivary gland origin has a fine structure similar to the intercalated duct cell and the capacity to express secretory component and lactoferrin. HSGc cells tend to form an occasional glandular arrangement in vitro and in vivo, and transplantation of cells into nude mice resulted in production of adenocarcinoma. By repeated single cell cloning, different types of clones could be isolated from HSGc. Cuboidal clones resemble the parent cell, but fail to form the glandular arrangement or express lactoferrin, suggesting a less differentiated type. Elongated clones have a fine structure similar to myoepithelial cells and carry myoepithelial markers such as S100 protein, actin, and myosin which are not detected in the HSGc and its cuboidal clones. These myoepithelial-like clones are able to express secretory component, lactoferrin, and lysozyme and to produce glycosaminoglycans, suggesting that they are a functionally active form of the neoplastic cell but different from the normal myoepithelial cell. Judging from their growth properties in vitro and in vivo, the myoepithelial-like clones are less malignant than HSGc or its cuboidal clones. Of four elongated clones, two did not produce tumors in athymic mice, while all of the cuboidal clones were tumorigenic. These findings suggest a possible conversion of the neoplastic duct cell to myoepithelial-like variants with low malignancy.