gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Rabphilin-3-like Protein Associates with Insulin-containing Granules in Pancreatic Beta Cells (1999)

A novel rabphilin-3-like gene, granuphilin, has been identified in pancreatic beta cells by comparing genes expressed in pancreatic alpha and beta cell lines using mRNA differential display. The domain structure of the protein products of the granuphilin gene contains an amino-terminal zinc-finger motif and carboxyl-terminal C(2)-domains, similar to that of the rabphilin-3 gene. There are two isoforms: the larger isoform, granuphilin-a, has two C(2)-domains, whereas the smaller one, granuphilin-b, contains only the first C(2)-domain. Granuphilin is specifically expressed in pancreatic beta cells and the pituitary gland, but not in pancreatic alpha cells, the adrenal gland, or other major organs such as the brain. A portion of granuphilin associates with insulin-containing dense-core granules, but not with synaptic-like microvesicles in beta cells. Thus, its distribution pattern presents a striking contrast with that of rabphilin-3, which associates with small synaptic vesicles in neurons. The first C(2)-domain of granuphilin binds phospholipids in a Ca(2+)-independent manner, whereas the second one does not. These distinctive characteristics of granuphilin suggest that it is not a simple counterpart of rabphilin-3 in endocrine cells and that it has a unique role in the regulated exocytosis of dense-core granules in endocrine tissues.
Lifetime of Cellulose Acetate Reverse Osmosis Membranes (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLifetime of Cellulose Acetate Reverse Osmosis MembranesK. D. Vos, A. P. Hatcher, and U. MertenCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1966, 5, 3, 211–218Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/i360019a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views202Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (760 KB) Get e-Alerts
Supporting Non-membership Proofs with Bilinear-map Accumulators. (2008)

In this short note, we present an extension of Nguyen’s bilinear-map based accumulator scheme [8] to support non-membership witnesses and corresponding non-membership proofs, i.e., cryptographic proofs that an element has not been accumulated to a given set. This complements the non-membership proofs developed by Li et al. [7] for the RSA accumulator [2, 3, 5], making the functionality of the bilinear-map accumulator equivalent to that of the RSA accumulator. Our non-membership extension of Nguyen’s scheme [8] makes use of the q-Strong Diffie-Hellman assumption the security of the original scheme is based on.
A STANDARD ANIMAL BURN (1968)

The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care: November 1968 - Volume 8 - Issue 6 - p 1049-1051
Treatment of severe alopecia areata with intralesional steroid injections. (2009)

Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide is a safe and effective treatment for patients with extensive alopecia areata. Patients with exclamation point hairs and a positive hair pull test may be more likely to respond.
Multi-user video streaming over multi-hop wireless networks: A distributed, cross-layer approach based on priority queuing (2007)

Emerging multi-hop wireless networks provide a low-cost and flexible infrastructure that can be simultaneously utilized by multiple users for a variety of applications, including delay-sensitive multimedia transmission. However, this wireless infrastructure is often unreliable and provides dynamically varying resources with only limited quality of service (QoS) support for multimedia applications. To cope with the time-varying QoS, existing algorithms often rely on non-scalable, flow-based optimizations to allocate the available network resources (paths and transmission opportunities) across the various multimedia users. Moreover, previous research seldom optimizes jointly the dynamic routing with the adaptation and protection techniques available at the medium access control (MAC) or physical (PHY) layers. In this paper, we propose a distributed packet-based cross-layer algorithm to maximize the decoded video quality of multiple users engaged in simultaneous real-time streaming sessions over the same multi-hop wireless network. Our algorithm explicitly considers packet-based distortion impact and delay constraints in assigning priorities to the various packets and then relies on priority queuing to drive the optimization of the various users' transmission strategies across the protocol layers as well as across the multi-hop network. The proposed solution is enabled by the scalable coding of the video content (i.e. users can transmit and consume video at different quality levels) and the cross-layer optimization strategies, which allow priority-based adaptation to varying channel conditions and available resources. The cross-layer strategies - application layer packet scheduling, the policy for choosing the relays, the MAC retransmission strategies, the PHY modulation and coding schemes - are optimized per packet, at each node, in a distributed manner. The main component of the proposed solution is a low-complexity, distributed, and dynamic routing algorithm, which relies on prioritized queuing to select the path and time reservation for the various packets, while explicitly considering instantaneous channel conditions, queuing delays and the resulting interference. Our results demonstrate the merits and need for end-to-end cross-layer optimization in order to provide an efficient solution for real-time video transmission using existing protocols and infrastructures. Importantly, our proposed delay-driven, packet-based transmission is superior in terms of both network scalability and video quality performance to previous flow-based solutions that statically allocate resources based on predetermined paths and rate requirements. In addition, the results provide important insights that can guide the design of network infrastructures and streaming protocols for video streaming.
Combined cellular/direct method of inter-vehicle communication (2000)

The use of inter-vehicle communication (IVC) is considered as an integral part of future intelligent transportation systems. However, most research has focused on communications for the purpose of controlling vehicles to improve safety. Along with this kind of communications, direct high-speed links between specific vehicles should also be considered. For point-to-point communication links between vehicles, communication is difficult when vehicles are far apart. Use of the cellular network (such as IMT-2000) for inter-vehicle communication is possible, but the speed of the link is limited to 144-384 kbps. Furthermore, the cost of continuous communication is extremely high. A combined cellular/direct link would provide a high-quality link, while at the same time reduce the transmission costs. In this paper, the hand-off rate of such a system is examined and a hysteresis factor is proposed to reduce the number of hand-offs when switching between the direct link and the cellular system.
An asymmetric memory cell using a C-TFT for ULSI SRAMs (2003)

A compact SRAM memory cell structure using a set of C-TFTs (complementary thin-film transistors) is discussed. A C-TFT is composed of a top-gate N-channel TFT and a bottom-gate P-channel TFT. The proposed cell's size was reduced to 80% of that of a conventional one at the 16-Mb SRAM level. Also, a stable read operation under a low-supply voltage could be realized by using a C-TFT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stable, high-performance operation of a fiber-coupled superconducting nanowire avalanche photon detector (2017)

Recent progress in the development of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SSPD or SNSPD) has delivered excellent performance, and has had a great impact on a range of research fields. Significant efforts are being made to further improve the technology, and a primary concern remains to resolve the trade-offs between detection efficiency (DE), timing jitter, and response speed. We present a stable and high-performance fiber-coupled niobium titanium nitride superconducting nanowire avalanche photon detector (SNAP) that resolves these trade-offs. Autocorrelation function measurement revealed an afterpulse-free operation in serially connected two SNAP (SC-2SNAP), even in the absence of a choke inductor, achieving a 7.65 times faster response speed than standard SSPDs. The SC-2SNAP device showed a system detection efficiency (SDE) of 81.0% with wide bias current margin, a dark count rate of 6.8 counts/s, and full width at half maximum timing jitter of 68 ps, operating in a practical Gifford-McMahon cryocooler system.
Rate Step-Down Analysis Improves Placement Efficiency of Stimulation Treatments in Unconventional Resource Play (2014)

The success of any unconventional asset development depends heavily on the effectiveness of the design and execution of the stimulation treatments performed on the horizontal wells. Each shale play is different with regards to geology, rock type, and production mechanism. Identification of the geological and reservoir characteristics of the shale play is the first step towards effective development of an asset. Completion design optimization is the next important step that improves the well performance. An optimized completion design can be ineffective if the placement efficiency of the treatment is hampered by high tortuosity or near well bore friction effects. Inability to place optimized proppant mesh size or proppant volume in the formation can adversely affect the well performance and economics. The South Texas Asset Team implemented a benchmark standard completion during the appraisal and initial development phases. During this time, more detailed geological and reservoir characteristics were obtained by the team members. Next, a road map to an optimized completions plan was developed and implemented. As a result of the optimization tests, bigger mesh size (20/40) of proppant was recommended. In certain areas of the asset, occasional failures were experienced in placing 100% of the designed proppant volume with the 20/40 mesh size. Rate step-down tests were then introduced on every stage, the results were analyzed and remedial measures were implemented. The introduction of the step down analysis and the remedial measures helped improve the placement efficiency with the 20/40 proppant mesh size. This paper includes the description of the challenges faced during placement of the 20/40 mesh proppant on certain horizontal well completions, detailed procedure of the rate step-down tests, the analysis, and the lessons learned. Based on the analysis of the step-down tests, a baseline values for the near wellbore tortuosity was established. This study also discusses how the comparison of results from rate step-down analysis to the baseline values was used to make real-time decision in preventing low concentration screen-outs and placing 20/40 mesh size effectively. Overall, this paper will provide a completion engineer with a better understanding of the factors to be considered while performing and analyzing the rate step-down tests.
Comparison of hot electron and related amplifiers (1963)

It is proposed that novel amplifiers be compared with each other and with existing amplifiers on the basis of as many figures of merit as are calculable. The bipolar transistor; field-effect transistor; Schottky-emitter, space-charge-limited-emitter, and tunnel-emitter, metal-base, hot-electron amplifiers are compared with respect to frequency cutoff and maximum frequency of oscillation. Using reasonable ground rules for the comparison, the amplifiers rank (with respect to frequency cutoff) in the order: Schottky emitter, bipolar transistor, space-charge-limited emitter, and tunnel emitter. With respect to maximum frequency, the amplifiers rank in the order: Schottky emitter; space-charge-limited emitter; tunnel emitter and bipolar transistor equivalent; and field-effect transistor.
Home (2013)

Nadia Fall's Home is a verbatim drama that combines real testimonials with music and song to explore the issue of homelessness amongst young people in London. It was first performed in The Shed, a temporary studio venue at the National Theatre, London, on 9 August 2013 (previews from 7 August).
PEG-Farnesyl Thiosalicylic Acid Telodendrimer Micelles as an Improved Formulation for Targeted Delivery of Paclitaxel (2014)

We have recently designed and developed a dual-functional drug carrier that is based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-derivatized farnesylthiosalicylate (FTS, a nontoxic Ras antagonist). PEG5K-FTS2 readily form micelles (20-30 nm) and hydrophobic drugs such as paclitaxel (PTX) could be effectively loaded into these micelles. PTX formulated in PEG5K-FTS2 micelles showed an antitumor activity that was more efficacious than Taxol in a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer (4T1.2). In order to further improve our PEG-FTS micellar system, four PEG-FTS conjugates were developed that vary in the molecular weight of PEG (PEG2K vs PEG5K) and the molar ratio of PEG/FTS (1/2 vs 1/4) in the conjugates. These conjugates were characterized including CMC, drug loading capacity, stability, and their efficacy in delivery of anticancer drug PTX to tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Our data showed that the conjugates with four FTS molecules were more effective than the conjugates with two molecules of FTS and that FTS conjugates with PEG5K were more effective than the counterparts with PEG2K in forming stable mixed micelles. PTX formulated in PEG5K-FTS4 micelles was the most effective formulation in inhibiting the tumor growth in vivo.
Prevention and Reversal of Nitrate Tolerance in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure (1987)

To evaluate possible mechanisms underlying the development of nitrate tolerance, we treated 35 patients who had severe chronic heart failure with a prolonged (48-hour) intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin (6.4 micrograms per kilogram of body weight per minute) given either continuously or intermittently (12-hour infusions separated by intervals of 12 hours). Intravenous nitroglycerin produced immediate hemodynamic benefits in all patients, but the magnitude of this improvement was greatly diminished after 48 hours of continuous therapy with the drug. This attenuation was accompanied by cross-tolerance to oral isosorbide dinitrate and by an increase in heart rate, plasma renin activity, and body weight. In contrast, intermittent therapy with intravenous nitroglycerin was not associated with a loss of hemodynamic efficacy or cross-tolerance to oral nitrates and was not accompanied by changes in neurohormonal activity or body weight. In eight patients in whom nitrate tolerance developed during continuous intravenous therapy, the administration of the sulfhydryl-containing compound N-acetylcysteine (200 mg per kilogram orally) restored the hemodynamic state toward that observed at the start of the infusion of nitroglycerin (partial reversal of tolerance). In contrast, N-acetylcysteine had little hemodynamic effect in patients who were not receiving nitroglycerin. These data support the hypothesis that neurohormonal activation and depletion of sulfhydryl groups may interact to cause the loss of hemodynamic efficacy that occurs during prolonged treatment with intravenous nitroglycerin in patients with heart failure. Evaluation of the suggested role of sulfhydryl depletion in the development of tolerance will, however, require direct studies of vascular tissue.
Assessment of air space size characteristics by intercept (chord) measurement: an accurate and efficient stereological approach (2009)

The mean linear intercept (chord) length (L(m)) is a useful parameter of peripheral lung structure as it describes the mean free distance in the air spaces. It is often misinterpreted as a measure of "alveolar size," and its estimation is fraught with a number of pitfalls. We present two methods for the accurate estimation of L(m): 1) the indirect method, which derives L(m) from the volume-to-surface ratio of air spaces estimated by point counting methods, and 2) the direct method, which uses a set of random intercepts and calculates L(m) from their frequency distribution, for which we introduce a new and accurate method. Both methods are efficient and, with proper precautions, unbiased. The meaning of L(m) is assessed in two different examples. In a physiological study, the effect of different inflation levels is studied, showing that L(m) critically depends on lung inflation. In an experimental study on emphysema-like changes in a genetic mouse model, the effect of heterogeneity of air space size is assessed; these results are obtained partly because of differences in lung volume due to altered recoil in the emphysematous lungs. In conclusion, although L(m) is not a robust parameter of internal lung structure because it crucially depends on lung volume, it is still a valid measure for which accurate and efficient methods are available that yield additional parameters such as size distribution or alveolar surface area.
A Color Model for Digital Photo Printing on Silver Halide Paper (2002)

Today's digital photo-finishing equipment support various input and output devices. In these systems the color management is essential and can greatly benefit from a paper model that predicts the color behavior of silver halide paper.Negative film is an important input channel for most digital minilabs, such as MasterflexD or Cyra system from Gretag Imaging AG. Typically, a negative film is scanned and digitized. A color-matching algorithm generates normalized, film-independent, and mask-corrected film densities (e.g. EyeTech). As opposed to analogue laboratories the exposing unit of a digital photo printer does not expose paper through negative film. Instead, normalized film densities are converted to CIELAB colors of an ideal paper using a spectral paper model. From the ‘device-independent’ CIELAB color space the image is mapped to the appropriate output device. In MasterflexD and Cyrafastprint a common output device is the digital photo-printer using DMD technology. The assumption of an ideal paper prevents us from restricting the gamut of the ‘device-independent’ CIELAB color space to a particular paper brand. The out-of-gamut areas between the ‘device-independent’ color space, the final print, and the sRGB monitor are kept small to minimize losses in image quality during gamut mapping.The color model is also useful at the output. For output profiling classical color management tools use measured tristimuli from a large set of colored patches to probe the gamut and to relate CIELAB color values to the corresponding printer RGB values. A spectral model helps drastically reduce the number of required colored patches. In addition, a spectral model facilitates the description of the gamut boundaries compared to a purely empirical, grid-interpolating method.
Quantitation of the relationship between tester cell number inoculated and SOS‐inducing potency of 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide (4‐NQO) in an automated version of the SOS chromotest (1989)

The SOS chromotest is a simple quantitative short-term bacterial assay for the detection of genotoxic activity of pure compounds or complex samples. On the basis of consecutive experiments aimed at demonstrating the relationship between the inoculum size and the outcome of the test using 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) as model genotoxin. It is shown that within the suitable range of the cell number there is a negative correlation between the number of tester cells and test sensitivity. Moreover, it could be demonstrated that the peak of the dose response curve, i.e., the maximal induction factor, is systematically influenced by the actual value of the ratio of beta-galactosidase to alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities at a 4-NQO concentration of zero. Last but not least, some simple statistical data describing the performance of the automated version of the SOS chromotest are also given.
Adsorption of Admixtures on Portland Cement (1963)

In an attempt to verify theories on the effect of admixtures on portland cement, the adsorption isotherms for calcium lignosulfonate and salicylic acid on cement have been determined. The adsorption isotherms for these compounds on 3CaO·SiO 2 , 2CaO·SiO 2 , 3CaO·Al 2 O 3 , and 4CaO·Al 2 O 3 ·Fe 2 O 3 and on a mixture of these components in the ratio 60/25/5/10 have also been determined. Adsorption isotherms were determined at 24°C by a spectrophotometric method, using a Beckman DU spectrophotometer. As a check on the method, previous work of Ernsberger and France on the adsorption of lignosulfonates on portland cement was repeated and their results were confirmed. Results indicate that in aqueous solution the constituents of portland cement mainly responsible for the adsorption of the two compounds studied are the hydration products of 3CaO·Al 2 O 3 and 4CaO·Al 2 O 3 ·Fe 2 O 3 . Salicylic acid adsorption on cement compounds does not fit the Langmuir form. However, adsorption of salicylic acid on type I portland cement, for equilibrium concentrations above 0.005%, fits the form. Calcium lignosulfonate adsorption on type I portland cement, 3CaO·SiO 2 , 2CaO·SiO 2 , and partly on 4CaO·Al 2 O 3 ·Fe 2 O 3 fits the Langmuir form. Adsorption isotherms of salicylic acid on the major cement compounds were determined from ethyl alcohol solution to eliminate the hydration of the compounds occurring in aqueous solution. The adsorption of salicylic acid on the materials studied was found to be in the order: image The effect of water on the adsorption of salicylic acid from ethyl alcohol solution was studied. It was found that the smaller the amount of water present, above a minimum value, the greater was the adsorption on 3CaO·Al 2 O 3 , 2CaO·SiO 2 , and 3CaO·SiO 2 . In the case of 4CaO·Al 2 O 3 ·Fe 2 O 3 the adsorption of salicylic acid was proportional to the amount of water present at all concentrations studied. It is observed in certain cases that it is probably not surface adsorption but a compound formation with salicylic acid.
Studies on Heterocyclic Compounds. XXIX. Synthesis of 2-[&alpha;-(N-Substituted carbamoyl)-&beta;-(5-nitro-2-furyl) vinyl] furans and 2-[&alpha;-(N'-Substituted ureido)-&beta;-(5-nitro-2-furyl) vinyl] furans (1977)

Eighteen kinds of 2-[α-(N-substituted carbamoyl)-β-(5-nitro-2-furyl) vinyl] furans were prepared. 2-[α-Isocyanato-β-(5-nitro-2-furyl) vinyl] furan, 2-[α-amino-β-(5-nitro-2-furyl) vinyl] furan, and 2-[β-(5-nitro-2-furyl) ethynyl] furan were obtained by the thermolysis of 2-[α-azidocarbonyl-β-(5-nitro-2-furyl) vinyl] furan. Fourteen kinds of 2-[α-(N'-substituted ureido)-β-(5-nitro-2-furyl) vinyl] furans were also prepared. 2-[α-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-β-(5-nitro-2-furyl) vinyl] furan and 2-[α-(N-ω-hydroxyethylcarbamoyl)-β-(5-nitro-2-furyl) vinyl] furan exhibited a prominent antibacterial activity in vitro against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.