gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell-Cell Signaling Through NOTCH Regulates Human Embryonic Stem Cell Proliferation (2007)

Unlike pluripotent mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, human ES cells and their malignant equivalents, embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, require close cell-cell contact for efficient growth. Signaling through the NOTCH receptor, initiated by interaction with ligands of the DELTA/JAGGED family expressed on neighboring cells, plays a role in regulating the self-renewal of several stem cell systems. Members of the NOTCH and DELTA/JAGGED families are expressed by human EC and ES cells, and we have therefore investigated the possible role of NOTCH in the maintenance of these cells. Cleavage of both NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 to yield the intracellular domain responsible for the canonical signaling pathway of NOTCH was detected in several human EC and ES cell lines, suggesting that NOTCH signaling is active. Furthermore, the proliferation of human EC cells, as well as the expression of several downstream NOTCH target genes, was markedly reduced after small interfering RNA knockdown of NOTCH1, NOTCH2, and the canonical effector CBF-1 or after blocking NOTCH signaling with the gamma-secretase inhibitor L-685,458. The inhibitor also caused a reduction in the growth of human ES cells, although without evidence of differentiation. The results indicate that cell-cell signaling through the NOTCH system provides a critical cue for the proliferation of human EC and ES cell in vitro.
The Barrack Street Well: Images of a Cape Town Household in the Nineteenth Century (1990)

Martin Hall, David Halkett, Jane Klose, Gabrielle Ritchie, Cedric Poggenpoel, The Barrack Street Well: Images of a Cape Town Household in the Nineteenth Century, The South African Archaeological Bulletin, Vol. 45, No. 152 (Dec., 1990), pp. 73-92
Advancing Cell Biology and Functional Genomics in Maize Using Fluorescent Protein-Tagged Lines (2009)

Genomic resources have significantly impacted plant biology research in recent years. Cell biology has been further enabled by an ongoing revolution in visualization technologies. Using fluorescent proteins (FPs), we now have unprecedented views of cellular architecture, and we can study real-time dynamics of cell structure, function, and protein localization. To date, these technologies have been most widely used in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana); however, the grasses provide a unique opportunity to study the underlying mechanisms and inter-related controls of cell growth, morphogenesis, and physiology in leading crop models.
A novel β1 integrin isoform produced by alternative splicing: unique expression in cardiac and skeletal muscle (1995)

The mRNA's of several integrin subunits are alternatively spliced in the region encoding cytoplasmic domains, that may potentially provide alternative integrin-cytoskeleton interactions and transmembrane signaling pathways. We identified a novel cytoplasmic tail variant of the human beta 1 subunit by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. This fourth beta 1 variant, named beta 1D, is specific for skeletal and cardiac muscle. The determined genomic organization of the 3'-region of the human beta 1 gene reveals that beta 1D is produced by alternative splicing of mRNA. In addition, we show that the expression of beta 1D is developmentally regulated during murine myoblast differentiation, suggesting a role for beta 1D in myogenesis.
A portable instrument for respirable dust sampling (1956)

Dust-laden air is drawn into the instrument, which is known as the long running thermal precipitator, by means of a clockwork-driven diaphragm pump. Passage through a horizontal elutriator removes all but the respirable fraction which is then deposited on a single horizontal microscope slide by a combination of gravity settlement and thermal precipitation.
A multi-resolution ICP with heuristic closest point search for fast and robust 3D registration of range images (2004)

The iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm is widely used for the registration of 3D geometric data. One of the main drawbacks of the algorithm is its quadratic time complexity O(N/sup 2/) with the number of points N. Consequently, several methods have been proposed to accelerate the process. We present a new solution for the speeding up of the ICP algorithm and special care is taken to avoid any tradeoff with the quality of the registration. The proposed solution combines a coarse to fine multiresolution approach with the neighbor search algorithm. The multiresolution approach permits to successively improve the registration using finer levels of representation and the neighbor search algorithm speeds up the closest point search by using a heuristic approach. Both multiresolution scheme and neighbor search algorithm main features are presented. Confirming the success of the proposed solution, typical results show that this combination permits to create a very fast ICP algorithm, with a closest point search complexity of O(N), while preserving the matching quality.
Localization of bFGF mRNA in Cyclic Rat Ovary, Diethylstilbesterol Primed Rat Ovary, and Cultured Rat Granulosa Cells (1992)

Evidence from in vitro studies strongly implicates basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as a local regulator of ovarian function. However, the in vivo function of this growth factor in the ovary is uncertain. The objective of this study has thus been to investigate the biological role of bFGF in the rat ovary by monitoring bFGF gene expression using in situ hybridization in 3 systems; (1) the naturally cycling ovary, (2) ovaries of immature rats treated with diethylstilbesterol (DES), and (3) primary rat granulosa cell cultures. The rat estrus cycle can be divided into 4 stages as determined by vaginal cytology; diestrus, proestrus, estrus and metestrus. bFGF mRNA transcripts were localized to granulosa and theca cells of developing follicles during proestrus and estrus and in the corpus luteum following ovulation during metestrus. The estrogen analogue DES induced extensive in vivo folliculogenesis and high levels of bFGF mRNA in both granulosa and theca cells when compared to controls. Detectable levels of bFGF mRNA were also observed in primary granulosa cell cultures grown to high density. Employment of this in situ hybridization procedure has enabled the in vivo cellular sources of bFGF mRNA to be identified and the time course of expression during the estrus cycle to be monitored. The biological significance of this expression and the interplay between bFGF, extra- and intra-ovarian modulators are discussed.
Reading like a Historian: Discipline-specific reading tools for undergraduates (2012)

This workshop is designed to help teaching assistants teach historical reading skills. One of the great difficulties history graduate students face is how to approach historical skill building with their undergraduates. Undergraduate courses in history can be heavily reliant on knowledge-based lectures, while tutorial hours are spent ensuring that students have absorbed the appropriate information from lectures and readings. Graduate students routinely complain that students, even when they do the assigned readings, rarely identify the appropriate information in those texts. Since reading techniques differ between disciplines, the failure to identify critical information is especially prevalent when non-history students take history electives\nAlthough all historians recognize the importance of historiography to their craft, it is a difficult concept to define. Historiography involves a set of practical skills (analyzing secondary sources for specific information) and conceptual discussions (situating scholarship in the larger field). In my experience, students learn how to deconstruct primary documents in undergraduate history classes, but are less able to do the same with academic writing.\nGiven that teaching assistants rarely have control over course readings, the activities in this workshop are designed to integrate course material. Mastering historical reading skills will allow students to make meaningful contributions to tutorials and will also help them manage the heavy reading load of a history degree. In the long term, it will encourage them to become critical readers in other aspects of their lives.
Security Guide for Interconnecting Information Technology Systems: Recommendations of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (2002)

This document provides guidance for planning, establishing, maintaining, and terminating interconnections between information technology (IT) systems that are owned and operated by different organizations, including organizations within a single federal agency.
Permittivity study of multiferroic AlN∕NiFe∕AlN multilayer films (2008)

NiFe inserted layer with different thicknesses on the dielectric properties of multiferroic AlN∕NiFe∕AlN multilayer films fabricated on the B270 glass substrates by the reactive sputtering technique was studied. The variation of dielectric constant for multilayer films is dependent on the thickness of the NiFe inserted layer observed from 40Hzto30MHz. In this work, single AlN layer exhibits dielectric constant value of around 6.5. However, we find that the dielectric constant of the AlN∕NiFe∕AlN multilayer films is raised up to 60 for even with a 1nm thick NiFe inserted layer. Additionally, this work also indicates that the dielectric tunability of AlN∕NiFe∕AlN films is dependent on the external magnetic field. These results conclude some magnetoelectric properties of AlN films those in relation to the NiFe ferromagnetic inserted layer. Possible mechanisms for the enhanced dielectric constant in the AlN∕NiFe∕AlN films have been discussed in the paper.
Networked Digital Video Recorders and Social Networks (2010)

Digital video recorders (DVR) are getting connected to the Internet. There are several ways to engineer networked DVRs. Consumers can store the recordings at home or to remote cloud storage service. The recorder software can be implemented to respond to consumers' or rights owners' needs. The most common DVRs have been home based recorders that respect at least some of the rights owners' interests. However, the cloud model is developing traction as broadband becomes more common. The new technology changes markets and courts have to define the limits of place and time shifting. Networked DVRs open a door for social enrichment by viewer communities, but also threaten the whole business model of advertisement-based television. Networked DVRs can potentially change the centrally controlled broadcast economics of television into decentralized Internet economics.
CROP RESPONSES TO APPLIED MOLYBDENUM AND COPPER ON PODZOL SOILS (1968)

Experiments were conducted to determine the response to applied Mo and Cu of several crops grown on selected Podzol soils under greenhouse conditions. An application of Mo resulted in percent yield increases of 2000–5000 for cauliflower, 400–900 for spinach, 20–400 for barley, 90–400 for timothy, and 150–400 for alfalfa, depending on the soil series. The average Mo contents of these crops ranged from 0.05 to 0.85 from the untreated soils, and from 0.64 to 6.62 ppm from the Mo-treated soils, respectively. After the harvest of the last crop, 81 to 86% of the applied Mo was accounted for in the crop tissues and as exchangeable Mo in the soil. The original exchangeable Mo content of soils and the Mo content of crops from Mo-treated soils showed highly significant positive correlation coefficients with the yields of crops grown on untreated soils, and were negatively correlated with the yield response to Mo treatment.None of the four crops tested responded significantly in yield to applied Cu, although there was an increase in kernel yield of Hudson barley on three of the investigated soils. The Cu content of plant tissues, however, increased by about 50% in spinach and Herta barley straw, and 400% in Hudson barley kernels, as a result of Cu application. The average Cu contents of spinach, Herta and Hudson barley kernels, and alfalfa ranged from 2.5 to 8.5 and from 6.6 to 13.2 ppm from the untreated and Cu-treated soils, respectively. These Cu contents appeared to be in the optimum range. After the harvest of the last crop, 85 to 94% of the applied Cu was recovered from the plants and as exchangeable Cu in soils. There was no apparent relationship between the exchangeable Cu content of soils and the Cu content of the crops.
Ranking User Attributes for Fast Candidate Selection in Recommendation Systems (2020)

Many recommendation systems use users' attributes to retrieve documents before ranking. Instead of using all attributes, this work explores algorithms that choose a subset, in order to achieve higher precision. We propose a model that forecasts the relevance of documents matched by each individual attribute. By restricting to top-K attributes based on the forecast, we observed 50% reduction in latency at 99th percentile on LinkedIn's job recommendation system, as well as increased users' engagements.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEIC ACID RELATED COMPOUNDS PART 7, CONVERSION OF RIBONUCLEOSIDE 2′,3′‐ORTHO ESTERS INTO DEOXY, EPOXY, AND UNSATURED NUCLEOSIDES (1973)

Abstract Die Behandlung des cyclischen Orthoesters (I) mit BF 3 ‐ätherat oder SbCl 5 in Gegenwart von Jodid liefert Gemische von 2′‐ und 3′‐O‐Acetyl‐adenosin.
JAK Inhibitors: Treatment Efficacy and Safety Profile in Patients with Psoriasis (2014)

Janus kinase (JAK) pathways are key mediators in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis. Psoriasis treatment has evolved with the advent of targeted therapies, which inhibit specific components of the psoriasis proinflammatory cascade. JAK inhibitors have been studied in early phase trials for psoriasis patients, and the data are promising for these agents as potential treatment options. Tofacitinib, an oral or topically administered JAK1 and JAK3 inhibitor, and ruxolitinib, a topical JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, have been most extensively studied in psoriasis, and both improved clinical symptoms of psoriasis. Additional JAK1 or JAK3 inhibitors are being studied in clinical trials. In phase III trials for rheumatoid arthritis, tofacitinib was efficacious in patients with inadequate responses to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, methotrexate monotherapy, or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. The results of phase III trials are pending for these therapies in psoriasis, and these agents may represent important alternatives for patients with inadequate responses to currently available agents. Further investigations with long-term clinical trials are necessary to verify their utility in psoriasis treatment and assess their safety in this patient population.
Cometabolic degradation of trichloroethylene by<i>Burkholderia cepacia</i>G4 with poplar leaf homogenate (2014)

Trichloroethylene (TCE), a chlorinated organic solvent, is one of the most common and widespread groundwater contaminants worldwide. Among the group of TCE-degrading aerobic bacteria, Burkholderia cepacia G4 is the best-known representative. This strain requires the addition of specific substrates, including toluene, phenol, and benzene, to induce the enzymes to degrade TCE. However, the substrates are toxic and introducing them into the soil can result in secondary contamination. In this study, poplar leaf homogenate containing natural phenolic compounds was tested for the ability to induce the growth of and TCE degradation by B. cepacia G4. The results showed that the G4 strain could grow and degrade TCE well with the addition of phytochemicals. The poplar leaf homogenate also functioned as an inducer of the toluene-ortho-monooxygenase (TOM) gene in B. cepacia G4.
HF vapor phase etching (HF/VPE): Production viability for semiconductor manufacturing and reaction model (1980)

A nonplasma silicon dioxide etch process using anhydrous hydrogen fluoride at reduced pressures has been investigated. This technique involves the interaction of HF vapor with negative photoresist which catalizes subsequent etching beneath the photoresist. Etching in nonphotoresist coated areas can be eliminated by a short in situ plasma pretreatment followed by HF etching at 190 °C, 10 Torr, and 500 sccm in a commercial etch system. Experimental details as well as a proposed reaction mechanism will be presented.
Uptake of glycine betaine and its analogues by bacteroids of Rhizobium meliloti (1990)

Bacteroids isolated from alfalfa nodules induced by Rhizobium meliloti 102F34 transported glycine betaine at a constant rate for up to 30 min. Addition of sodium salts greatly increased the uptake activity, whereas other salts or non-electrolytes had less effect. The apparent Km for glycine betaine uptake was 8.3 microM and V was about 0.84 nmol min-1 (mg protein)-1 in the presence of 200 mM-NaCl which gave maximum stimulation of the transport. Supplementing bacteroid suspensions with various energy-yielding substrates, or ATP, did not increase glycine betaine uptake rates. The uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), and the respiratory inhibitor potassium cyanide strongly inhibited glycine betaine uptake, but arsenate was totally inactive. Glycine betaine transport showed considerable structural specificity: choline, proline betaine, gamma-butyrobetaine and trigonelline did not competitively inhibit the system, although choline and proline betaine were transported by bacteroids. Both a high-affinity activity and a low-affinity activity were found for choline uptake. These osmoprotective compounds might have a significant role in the maintenance of nitrogenase activity in bacteroids subjected to salt stress.
Natural relationship between bacteroides and flavobacteria (1985)

Comparisons among 16S rRNA sequences from various eubacteria reveal a natural relationship between the bacteroides (represented by the Bacteroides fragilis sequence) and a phylogenetic unit that comprises the flavobacteria, cytophagae, flexibacteria, and others (represented by the Flavobacterium heparinum sequence). Although the relationship is not a close one, it is, nevertheless, specific. rRNAs from these two organisms are not only closer to one another in overall sequence than they are to outgroup species (such as Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens), but they show common idiosyncrasies (i.e., derived characteristics) in both rRNA sequences and higher-order structures.
Multigrid technique with local grid refinement for solving static field problems [RF circuits] (2002)

A multilevel iteration technique has been developed for solving the Laplace equation of 2-dimensional static field problems in arbitrary layered structures for RF circuit design. Multigrid methods are well accepted in the fields of applied mathematics, but are poorly disseminated in numerical applications of electromagnetic fields. That is why the authors wish to give an introduction to this theory and emphasize the convergence acceleration. The method is verified with measurements of a coplanar capacity line and is compared with conventional solvers.
Technology : combined assurance : clarity on risk and audit : risk management (2010)

An integrated risk management and internal audit environment constitutes combined assurance, the next step in the evolution of risk management.
Polymer Nanocomposites Open a New Dimension for Plastics and Composites (2002)

For the first time, charging and discharging of traps in the dielectric of state-of-the art RF MEMS capacitive switches were characterized in detail. Densities and time constants of different trap species were extracted under different control voltages. It was found that, while charging and discharging time constants are relatively independent of control voltage, steady-state charge densities increase exponentially with control voltage. A simple charge model was constructed to predict the amount of charge injected into the dielectric and the corresponding shift in actuation voltage. Good agreement was obtained between the model prediction and experimental data.
High-pressure properties of group IV clathrates (2005)

We review the investigations on clathrate materials having C, Si, Ge or Sn framework atoms in which the pressure parameter plays an important role. In this article, we studied the synthesis of clathrates, superconducting properties and those studies relative to the structural cohesivity and phase diagrams. We have tried to extensively review these subjects. Key references on other important properties of the group IV clathrates are provided in the introductory sections. As a main result of this review, we note that pressure appears as a key parameter for the elaboration of present and future clathrates in particular those exhibiting superconducting properties. We show how high-pressure research has also played an important role in the understanding of the parameters governing clathrate superconductivity. In contrast, the study of the structural evolution of group IV clathrates (bulk modulus and stability) gives abundant clues for tailoring new materials with improved mechanical properties. Finally, practically all investigations converge to point out that today hypothetical carbon clathrates are candidates for extraordinary superconducting and mechanical properties.
Ultraviolet irradiation and chlorination/dechlorination for municipal wastewater disinfection: Assessment of performance limitations (1996)

A large‐scale ultraviolet (UV) disinfection system was operated in parallel with an existing full‐scale chlorination system for comparison of process performance at a 340 L/s (7.8 mgd) municipal wastewater treatment facility. The UV disinfection system was operated using two different lamp configurations: vertical and horizontal. Both UV system configurations were operated at the same hydraulic loading, corresponding to the loading at anticipated peak flow for the facility. Both UV systems were shown to be capable of achieving effective inactivation of coliform bacteria. The chlorination system yielded inconsistent performance, probably as a result of inefficient contact chamber design. The major limitation to performance in the UV system was fouling of lamp jackets. Chemical analysis of the fouling materials revealed the presence of a broad spectrum of metals in an amorphous precipitate. Fouling control by air sparging was shown to be effective in slowing the fouling process. An economic analysis of the two disinfection alternatives revealed that UV irradiation would be a less expensive alternative than chlorination and dechlorination at the West Lafayette Wastewater Treatment Plant, both in terms of capital and operating costs.
Specificity and sensitivity of serum canine pancreatic elastase-1 concentration in the diagnosis of pancreatitis (2011)

The aim of the current study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of serum canine pancreatic elastase-1 (cPE-1) for the diagnosis of pancreatitis in dogs. The study was prospective, assessing dogs presenting with clinical signs similar to pancreatitis. Sixty-one dogs were recruited (49 with pancreatic disease and 12 with non-pancreatic disease). There was no significant difference in serum cPE-1 between dogs with pancreatic disease and non-pancreatic disease. However, there was a significant difference in serum cPE-1 between severe acute pancreatitis and non-pancreatic disease. A cut-off value for serum cPE-1 > 17.24 ng/ml resulted in sensitivity of 61.4% and specificity of 91.7% for diagnosis of all types of pancreatic disease. The sensitivity rose to 65.85% and 78.26% for the diagnosis of all types of acute pancreatitis and severe acute pancreatitis, respectively. Serum cPE-1 is more sensitive at diagnosing severe acute pancreatitis than chronic or mild acute pancreatitis, and has a high positive likelihood ratio. Dogs with chronic pancreatitis tended to have lower serum cPE-1 concentration, suggesting decreased exocrine function.