gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hazard detection for small robotic landers and hoppers (2013)

Planetary hoppers are a new class of vehicle being developed that will provide planetary surface mobility by reusing the landing platform and its actuators to propulsively ascend, translate, and descend to new landing points on the surface of a planetary body. Hoppers enhance regional exploration, with the capability of rapid traverse over 100s-1000s of meters, traverse over hazardous terrain, and exploration of cliffs and craters. These planetary mobility vehicles are fuel limited and as a result, are enabled by carrying sensor payloads that require low mass, low volume, and low on board computational resources. This paper describes a method for hoppers to traverse and land safely in this constrained environment. The method uses optical detection of shadows to provide coarse hazard detection at shallow path angles and long ranges. As a hopper approaches the landing site, a short-range range sensing method is used to determine the local slope and roughness just ahead of the vehicle's flight path. These two techniques are used together to safely land a hopper at downrange locations. The paper presents the method and provides analysis showing the performance and limitations of using this method for hopper traverse.
Factors affecting the spread of bupivacaine in the adult thoracic paravertebral space (2003)

Factors affecting the spread of bupivacaine in the paravertebral space were investigated in patients undergoing paravertebral nerve blocks for the treatment of chronically painful conditions. Injections of bupivacaine 0.5%, 10-15 ml mixed with depomedrone up to 80 mg were repeated at 2-wk intervals up to a maximum of four times. A blinded observer mapped out the subsequent distribution of sensory loss to cold on both sides of the torso at 5-min intervals after each injection. Age, sex, height and weight did not correlate with the block; nor did injectate volume, mass of bupivacaine, previous posterolateral thoractomy and spread of radiocontrast. Injections repeated at 2-wk intervals in the same patient resulted in different degrees of spread that were unrelated to one another. Time to peak onset of blockade was 40 min in 95% of patients. A single bolus of bupivacaine produces a safe but unpredictable block. Yet to be defined physical properties and anatomical factors are probably key determinants of the spread of bupivacaine in the paravertebral space. This single bolus technique may be better supplanted by a reversion to the older multiple level injection technique.
Growth arrest induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 is accompanied by protein phosphatase activation in human keratinocytes (1991)

Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are involved in regulation of cell growth. We tested the hypothesis that the growth inhibitory effect of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) involves activation of protein phosphatases. Exposure of human keratinocytes in culture to 400 pM TGF-beta 1 for 48 h led to 80% inhibition of DNA synthesis as measured by nuclear labeling. Incubation of cultured keratinocytes with 400 pM TGF-beta 1 rapidly activated (within 30 min) protein serine/threonine phosphatase, measured using phosphorylase as a substrate. Based on several criteria, including neutralization of activity with specific antibodies and inhibitor-2, TGF-beta 1-activated phosphorylase phosphatase was identified as protein phosphatase 1. TGF-beta 1 did not have rapid effects on protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity (type 2A) measured with histone phosphorylated by protein kinase C or on protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. However, protein tyrosine phosphatase was activated at 48 h, coincident with growth arrest. Differentiation, induced by the combination of TGF-beta 1 plus calcium or by serum, was not accompanied by further serine/threonine or tyrosine phosphatase activation. We conclude that induction of growth arrest in keratinocytes by TGF-beta 1 involves acute activation of protein phosphatase 1, while activation of protein tyrosine phosphatase may represent an additional mechanism for maintaining cells in a growth-arrested state.
Shadow removal from a real picture (2003)

Since shadows in a real picture imply the geometric constraint between lights, objects and viewpoint, the augmented reality using the picture should include the consistent shadows with the real situation. This paper proposes a method to remove shadows from a real picture based on the RGB color space analysis and shows experimental results of actual shadow removal and virtual shadow addition.
Designing meaningful density functional theory calculations in materials science—a primer (2004)

Density functional theory (DFT) methods for calculating the quantum mechanical ground states of condensed matter systems are now a common and significant component of materials research. The growing importance of DFT reflects the development of sufficiently accurate functionals, efficient algorithms and continuing improvements in computing capabilities. As the materials problems to which DFT is applied have become large and complex, so have the sets of calculations necessary for investigating a given problem. Highly versatile, powerful codes exist to serve the practitioner, but designing useful simulations is a complicated task, involving intricate manipulation of many variables, with many pitfalls for the unwary and the inexperienced. We discuss several of the most important issues that go into designing a meaningful DFT calculation. We emphasize the necessity of investigating these issues and reporting the critical details.
Genetic polymorphism of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF C936T) in the Korean population (2003)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent regulator of normal and abnormal angiogenesis. Recent literature suggests that VEGF has several activities that may amplify acute inflammation reactions. Dysregulated VEGF expression has been implicated as a major contributor to the development of a number of common disease pathologies. One of common mutations in the 3'‐untranslated region of the VEGF gene, a C?T exchange at nucleotide position 936, has been found to be significantly associated with VEGF expression levels in the plasma from a previous Austrian study. The frequency of this mutation could be important genetic information regarding tumor growth and angiogenesis related diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency distribution of this mutation in general Korean population. We examined the statistical data from 207 healthy Korean subjects. Observed numbers (%) of 936T were 28.5 (CT) and 3.9 (TT), respectively. The mutant allele frequency of 936T in Korean subjects was 0.18, which appeared somewhat higher than that in Austrian subjects.
Single-layer-coated beam splitters for the division-of-amplitude photopolarimeter (2005)

A design procedure is presented for a near-optimal, single-layer-coated prism beam splitter that serves as the key optical element of the division-of-amplitude photopolarimeter (DOAP). For given film and substrate refractive indices, the angle of incidence and film thickness are selected such that the ellipsometric differential phase shifts in reflection and transmission deltar, and deltat, differ by +/- pi/2, and the normalized determinant of the instrument matrix is maximized. The best results are obtained by using high-index films on low-index substrates. This is illustrated by examples of ZnS and GaP films on silica prisms in the visible and Si, Ge, and PbTe films on Irtran 1 substrates in the infrared. A 16 degrees Si-prism DOAP beam splitter at the 1.55-microm lightwave-communications wavelength is also presented. It uses a 163-nm SiO2 coating on the entrance face to satisfy the optimum delta condition at 73 degrees incidence, and the determinant of the instrument matrix is 78.23% of its theoretical maximum. The exit face of the Si prism is antireflection coated with a 208-nm Si3N4 film.
Quality-assurance techniques used with automated analysis of gamma-ray spectra (1994)

In the course of developing gamma-ray spectrum analysis algorithms for use by the Radiation Measurements Laboratory at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL), several techniques have been developed that enhance and verify the quality of the analytical results. The use of these quality-assurance techniques is critical when gamma-ray analysis results from low-level environmental samples are used in risk assessment or site restoration and cleanup decisions. This paper describes four of the quality-assurance techniques that are in routine use at the laboratory. They are used for all types of samples, from reactor effluents to environmental samples. The techniques include: (1) the use of precision pulsers (with subsequent removal) to validate the correct operation of the spectrometer electronics for each and every spectrum acquired, (2) the use of naturally occurring and cosmically induced radionuclides in samples to help verify that the data acquisition and analysis were performed properly, (3) the use of an ambient background correction technique that involves superimposing ({open_quotes}mapping{close_quotes}) sample photopeak fitting parameters onto multiple background spectra for accurate and more consistent quantification of the background activities, (4) the use of interactive, computer-driven graphics to review the automated locating and fitting of photopeaks and to allow for manual fitting ofmore » photopeaks.« less
Secure Data Encryption for Cloud-Based Human Care Services (2018)

Sensor network services utilize sensor data from low-end IoT devices of the types widely deployed over long distances. After the collection of sensor data, the data is delivered to the cloud server, which processes it to extract useful information. Given that the data may contain sensitive and private information, it should be encrypted and exchanged through the network to ensure integrity and confidentiality. Under these circumstances, a cloud server should provide high-speed data encryption without a loss of availability. In this paper, we propose efficient parallel implementations of Simeck family block ciphers on modern 64-bit Intel processors. In order to accelerate the performance, an adaptive encryption technique is also exploited for load balancing of the resulting big data. Finally, the proposed implementations achieved 3.5 cycles/byte and 4.6 cycles/byte for Simeck32/64 and Simeck64/128 encryption, respectively.
Hydrolysed wheat based oral rehydration solution for acute diarrhoea. (1987)

A randomised three cell study was carried out in 78 children with acute diarrhoea to evaluate the relative efficacy of oral rehydration solution (ORS) made from partially hydrolysed wheat grain, cooked rice powder, or glucose. Twenty six patients with comparable age, body weight, duration of diarrhoea, and degree of dehydration were studied in each of the three groups. Initial rehydration was carried out by using intravenous Dhaka solution within one to two hours followed by administration of oral rehydration solution. The mean ORS intake during the first and second 24 hours of treatment in patients with cholera receiving wheat-ORS and rice-ORS was significantly less compared with those receiving glucose-ORS. The stool output during the same period in patients receiving wheat-ORS and rice-ORS was significantly less compared with those receiving glucose-ORS. Similar trends in both ORS intake and stool output were observed during the next 24 hours.
Low IF quadrature optical high sensitivity ASK receivers (1994)

Two types of heterodyne quadrature ASK receiver are analysed using the classical rigorous covariance matrix diagonalisation technique. The type 1 receiver features a homodyne system sensitivity (requiring in the best case 34.7 received photons (peak power) for a 10-9 error probability). This is ~3 dB better than the best sensitivity of the type 2 receiver.
Illumination Is Necessary and Sufficient to Induce Histone Acetylation Independent of Transcriptional Activity at the C4-Specific Phospho<i>enol</i>pyruvate Carboxylase Promoter in Maize (2006)

Expression of the C4-specific phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (C4-PEPC) gene in maize (Zea mays) is regulated in a tissue-specific manner, but affected by light and nutrient availability. We manipulated these stimuli in a combinatorial manner and analyzed concomitant changes in histone acetylation of the nucleosomes associated with the C4-PEPC gene in relation to transcriptional activity and steady-state mRNA levels. Whereas the transition from the lowest activity to an intermediate activity was observed in the absence of histone acetylation, the light-induced boost to full activity was associated with strong enhancement of the acetylation of both histones H3 and H4 limited to the gene region. Once activated by light, prolonged darkness was necessary to reduce both transcription and, in parallel, histone acetylation. Unexpectedly, histone acetylation was also induced in bundle sheath cells, although the transcriptional activity did not respond to illumination in this tissue. Furthermore, we were able to down-regulate the promoter by nitrogen depletion in the light without any decrease in the hyperacetylation of histone H4. When plants kept in prolonged darkness were nitrogen depleted and then exposed to light, transcription was not induced, but the promoter chromatin became hyperacetylated. We suggest a model where inhibition of a histone deacetylase in the light triggers H4 hyperacetylation at the C4-PEPC gene promoter regardless of the transcriptional activity of the gene. Our data indicate that an understanding of the interplay between histone modification and transcription requires analysis of signal integration on promoters in vivo.
New Phenolic Compounds Formed by Evolution of (+)-Catechin and Glyoxylic Acid in Hydroalcoholic Solution and Their Implication in Color Changes of Grape-Derived Foods (2000)

The reaction between (+)-catechin and glyoxylic acid in model solution system was investigated by LC/DAD and LC/ESI-MS analyses. The formation of phenolic compounds exhibiting absorption maxima near 300 nm and presenting a shoulder around 350 nm was observed. Their structures consisted of a (+)-catechin unit with one or two aldehyde groups linked at positions 6, 8 or 6 and 8 of the A ring. In addition, new yellow pigments exhibiting UV-visible spectra similar to those of xanthylium salts with absorption maxima at 450 and 280 nm were also detected. The major yellow compound was isolated and identified by ESI-MS and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The implication of these compounds in color change and browning observed during aging of grape-derived beverages is also discussed.
A laboratory-scale comparison of the UASB and ASBR processes (1996)

The Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASB) process is being widely applied to the pretreatment of industrial organic wastes throughout the world. The Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (ASBR) is a new treatment process that has been under development by Dague and coworkers at Iowa State University. The purpose of this paper is to present a comparison of the performance of these two anaerobic reactor systems based on a side-by-side study of the two processes using 12-liter, laboratory-scale reactors. A discussion of the fundamental principles of the two processes and the apparent advantages and disadvantages of each will be presented.
Interaction of a lectin from <i>Psathyrella velutina</i> mushroom with <i>N</i>‐acetylneuraminic acid (1999)

A lectin from the fruiting body of Psathyrella velutina has been used as a specific probe for non-reducing terminal N-acetylglucosamine residues. We reveal in this report that P. velutina lectin recognizes a non-reducing terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid residue in glycoproteins and oligosaccharides. Binding of biotinyl P. velutina lectin to N-acetylneuraminic acid residues was prevented by desialylation of glycoconjugates and was distinguished from the binding to N-acetylglucosamine. Sialooligosaccharides were retarded or bound and eluted with N-acetylglucosamine on a P. velutina lectin column, being differentiated from each other and also from the oligosaccharides with non-reducing terminal N-acetylglucosamine which bound more strongly to the column.
An effective and efficient Web content extractor for optimizing the crawling process (2013)

Classical Web crawlers make use of only hyperlink information in the crawling process. However, focused crawlers are intended to download only Web pages that are relevant to a given topic by utilizing word information before downloading the Web page. But, Web pages contain additional information that can be useful for the crawling process. We have developed a crawler, iCrawler (intelligent crawler), the backbone of which is a Web content extractor that automatically pulls content out of seven different blocks: menus, links, main texts, headlines, summaries, additional necessaries, and unnecessary texts from Web pages. The extraction process consists of two steps, which invoke each other to obtain information from the blocks. The first step learns which HTML tags refer to which blocks using the decision tree learning algorithm. Being guided by numerous sources of information, the crawler becomes considerably effective. It achieved a relatively high accuracy of 96.37% in our experiments of block extraction. In the second step, the crawler extracts content from the blocks using string matching functions. These functions along with the mapping between tags and blocks learned in the first step provide iCrawler with considerable time and storage efficiency. More specifically, iCrawler performs 14 times faster in the second step than in the first step. Furthermore, iCrawler significantly decreases storage costs by 57.10% when compared with the texts obtained through classical HTML stripping. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noninvasive temperature estimation in tissue via ultrasound echo-shifts. Part II. <i>In</i> <i>vitro</i> study (1996)

Time shifts in echo signals returning from a heated volume of tissue correlate well with the temperature changes. In this study the relationship between these time shifts (or delays) and the tissue temperature was investigated in excised muscle tissue (turkey breast) as a possible dosimetric method. Heat was induced by the repeated activation of a sharply focused high-intensity ultrasound beam. Pulse echoes were sent and received with a confocal diagnostic transducer during the brief periods when the high-intensity ultrasonic beam was inactive. The change in transit time between echoes collected at different temperatures was estimated using cross-correlation techniques. With spatial-peak temporal-peak intensities (ISPTP) of less than 950W/cm2, the delay versus temperature relationship was fit to a linear equation with highly reproducible coefficients. The results confirmed that for spatial-peak temperature increases of approximately 10 degrees C, temperature-dependent changes in velocity were the single most important factor determining the observed delay, and a linear approximation could produce accurate temperature estimations. Nonlinear phenomena that occurred during the high-intensity irradiation had no significant effect on the measured delay. At ISPTP of 1115-2698 W/cm2, the delay-temperature relationship showed a similar monotonically decreasing pattern, but as the temperature peaked its slope gradually increased. This may reflect the curvilinear nature of the velocity-temperature relationship, but it may also be related to irreversible tissue modifications and to the use of the spatial-peak temperature to experimentally characterize the temperature changes. Overall, the results were consistent with theoretical predictions and encourage further experimental work to validate other aspects of the technique.
In Vitro Anticancer Activity of<i>cis</i>-Diammineplatinum(II) Complexes with β-Diketonate Leaving Group Ligands (2012)

Five cationic platinum(II) complexes of general formula, [Pt(NH3)2(Î²-diketonate)]X are reported, where X is a non-coordinating anion and Î²-diketonate = acetylacetonate (acac), 1,1,1,-trifluoroacetylacetonate (tfac), benzoylacetonate (bzac), 4,4,4-trifluorobenzoylacetonate (tfbz), or dibenzoylmethide (dbm), corresponding respectively to complexes 1â5. The log P values and the stabilities of 1â5 in aqueous solution were evaluated. The phenyl ring substituents of 3â5 increase the lipophilicity of the resulting complexes, whereas the trifluoromethyl groups of 2 and 4 decrease the stability of the complexes in aqueous solution. The uptake of 1â5 in HeLa cells increase as the lipophilicity of the investigated complex increases. Cancer cell cytotoxicity studies indicate that 1 and 3 are the least active complexes whereas 2, 4, and 5 are comparable to cisplatin.
Genetic sequence alignment on a supercomputing platform (2011)

Genetic sequence alignment is an important tool for researchers. It lets them see the differences and similarities between two genetic sequences. This is used in several fields, like homology research, auto immune disease research and protein shape estimation. There are various algorithms that can perform this task and several hardware platforms suitable to deliver the necessary computation power. Given the large volume of the datasets used, throughput is nowadays the major bottleneck in sequence alignment. In this thesis we discuss some of the existing solutions for high throughput genetic sequence alignment and present a new one. Our solution implements the well known Smith-Waterman optimal local alignment algorithm on the HC-1 hybrid supercomputer from Convey Computer. This platform features four FPGAs which can be used to accelerate the problem in question. The FPGAs, and the CPU that controls them, live in the same virtual memory space and share one large memory. We developed a hardware description for the FPGAs and a software program for the CPU. Some focus points were: a sustainable peak performance, being able to align sequences of any length, FPGA area efficient computations and the cancellation of unnecessary workload. The result is a Smith-Waterman FPGA core that can run at 100\\% utilization for many alignments long. They are packed per six on a FPGA running on 150 MHz, which results in a full system performance of 460 GCUPS (billion elementary operations per second). Our elementary processing element can deliver double the work per clock cycle than a naive implementation, resulting in a better throughput per area ratio. At a system level a notable amount of workload is cancelled. It is the most flexible implementation we are aware of . We re-evaluate the use of FPGAs for accelerating Smith-Waterman and conclude that they will continue to be a good choice per dollar and per watt, as long as we narrow the problem space.
Genome-wide analysis of SINA family in plants and their phylogenetic relationships<sup>†</sup> (2008)

SINA genes in plants are part of a multigene family with 5 members in Arabidopsis thaliana, 10 members in Populus trichocarpa, 6 members in Oryza sativa, at least 6 members in Zea mays and at least 1 member in Physcomitrella patens. Six members in maize were confirmed by RT-PCR. All SINAs have one RING domain and one SINA domain. These two domains are highly conserved in plants. According to the motif organization and phylogenetic tree, SINA family members were divided into 2 groups. In addition, through semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of maize members and Digital Northern analysis of Arabidopsis and rice members, we found that the tissue expression patterns are more diverse in monocot than in Arabidopsis.