gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Stereochemistry of the Conversion of D and L 1,2-Propanediols to Propionaldehyde (1966)

Abstract When D-1,2-propanediol is converted to propionaldehyde in the presence of dioldehydrase and dimethylbenzimidazolylcobamide coenzyme, 1 of 2 C-1 hydrogens of the substrate is stereospecifically transferred to position C-2. The hydrogen transferred is the hydrogen introduced into D-1,2-propanediol by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase when D-lactaldehyde is reduced to D-1,2-propanediol. When L-1,2-propanediol reacts, the other C-1 hydrogen exclusively is transferred. The displacement of the secondary hydroxyl group of propanediol by hydrogen, which takes place when D- or L-1,2-propanediol is converted to propionaldehyde, occurs with inversion of configuration at C-2. These results suggest that the removal of the secondary hydroxyl group may proceed through a displacement reaction in which the hydride functions as displacing nucleophile. It was also shown that the reduction of D- and L-lactaldehyde with horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase and α-deuterated reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide leads to D- and L-propanediol of identical configuration at C-1. Therefore, the stereochemical course of the reduction by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase is not influenced by the configuration of the carbon adjacent to the center which is reduced.
Structure of common pili from Escherichia coli (1979)

Several important properties of the common pili from Escherichia coli are discussed. These pili were resistant to the gentle Folin-Ciocalteau reagent methods for protein detection and were not readily solubilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate. They were found to contain a reducing sugar but not peptidoglycan. The pilin had multiple conformations in sodium dodecyl sulfate solution, and the appearance of multiple bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels did not necessarily indicate heterogeneity of the preparation. The ilus subunit was found to be a different protein than outer membrane III, which has the same apparent molecular weight. In addition, we conformed the results of Brinton (Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci 27:1003-1054, 1965): that there is a dramatic change in the properties of pili after they are heated at pH values below 2.
Efficacy of Mirtazapine in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (2007)

Daily administration of 4.5 to 15 mg of mirtazapine for 1 week reduces AHI by half in adult patients with OSA. This represents the largest and most consistent drug-treatment effect demonstrated to date in a controlled trial. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of mixed-profile serotonergic drugs in OSA and provide support for future studies with related formulations. Mirtazapine also is associated with sedation and weight gain-2 negative side effects in patients with OSA. In view of the above, we do not recommend use of mirtazapine as a treatment for OSA.
Closed-Loop Control of an Underactuated Sheet Registration Device Using Feedback Linearization and Gain Scheduling (2008)

Over the past few decades, the two-wheeled driven cart, also known as the unicycle wheeled mobile robot or wheeled mobile robot with independently driven wheels, has been a favorite case study in the literature on nonholonomic control. In this paper, we show how input-output linearization of a cart can be leveraged for a novel and practical application, closed-loop control of a differential-drive sheet registration device. The current state of the art for control for such a device, typically found in xerographic engines like printers and copiers, is open-loop motion planning. We present a closed-loop method that achieves full-state trajectory tracking via input-output linearization and asymptotically stable internal dynamics. To achieve rapid convergence while satisfying acceleration constraints, we apply elementary gain scheduling to the output tracking controller of the linearized input-output system. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the discrete-time implementation of our control strategy, which is based on a kinematic model with acceleration as the control input.
T-cell responses in mouse-adapted SARS-CoV infected mice (52.22) (2010)

Abstract It is generally believed that a dysregulated innate immune response and exuberant cytokine/chemokine expression contribute to the pathogenesis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. However, we recently showed inefficient immune activation and a poor virus-specific T cell response underly severe disease SARS-CoV infected mice. Here, we extend these results to show that virus-specific T cells, in the absence of activation of the innate immune response, were sufficient to significantly enhance survival and diminish clinical disease. We demonstrated that T cells are responsible for virus clearance as intravenous adoptive transfer of immune splenocytes to SCID-BALB/c mice prior to infection reduced virus titers in the lung. Further, transfer of splenocytes or lung-derived cells from SARS-CoV-infected mice or of in vitro generated CD8 T cells protected mice from lethal infection. Enhancement of the number of virus-specific T cells using SARS-CoV-specific peptide-pulsed dendritic cells prior infection also resulted in a robust T cell response, earlier virus clearance and 100% survival. These studies are the first to show that T cells play a crucial role in SARS-CoV clearance and that a suboptimal T cell response contributes to the pathological changes observed in SARS. They also provide a new approach to SARS vaccine design.
High <i>T</i> <i>c</i> superconductor/noble-metal contacts with surface resistivities in the 10−10 Ω cm2 range (1988)

Contact surface resistivities (product of contact resistance and area) in the 10−10 Ω cm2 range have been obtained for both silver and gold contacts to high Tc superconductors. This is a reduction by about eight orders of magnitude from the contact resistivity of indium solder connections. The contact resistivity is low enough to be considered for both on-chip and package interconnect applications. The contacts were formed by sputter depositing either silver or gold at low temperatures (&lt;100 °C) on a clean surface of Y1 Ba2 Cu3 O7−δ (YBCO) and later annealing the contacts in oxygen. Annealing temperature characteristics show that for bulk-sintered YBCO samples there is a sharp decrease in contact resistivity after annealing silver/YBCO contacts in oxygen for 1 h at temperatures above ∼500 °C and gold/YBCO contacts for 1 h above ∼600 °C. Oxygen annealing for longer times (8 h) did not reduce the contact resistivity of silver contacts as much as annealing for 1 h. Auger microprobe analysis shows that indium/YBCO contacts contain a significant concentration of oxygen in the indium layer adjacent to the YBCO interface. Silver and gold contacts, on the other hand, contain almost no oxygen and have favorable interfacial chemistry with low oxygen affinity. Silver also acts as a ‘‘switchable’’ passivation buffer, allowing oxygen to penetrate to the YBCO interface at elevated temperatures, but protecting the YBCO surface at room temperature.
Further investigations on ToF cameras distance errors and their corrections. (2008)

The distance calibration of the time of flight camera is a difficult task due to the errors produced by multi reflections of the light inside the camera body and outside. In any room the active light emitted by the camera is reflected by the walls and the objects in the scene. Thus the reflected light by the objects in the scene is the sum of this light and the direct light emitted by the camera. The distance information is affected by this indirect light. The calibration method we propose can be performed not only in laboratory condition but also in any conditions. The distance errors for all objects in the scene can be corrected if white or black tags (labels) are attached on objects.
AS2TS system for protein structure modeling and analysis (2005)

We present a set of programs and a website designed to facilitate protein structure comparison and protein structure modeling efforts. Our protein structure analysis and comparison services use the LGA (local-global alignment) program to search for regions of local similarity and to evaluate the level of structural similarity between compared protein structures. To facilitate the homology-based protein structure modeling process, our AL2TS service translates given sequence-structure alignment data into the standard Protein Data Bank (PDB) atom records (coordinates). For a given sequence of amino acids, the AS2TS (amino acid sequence to tertiary structure) system calculates (e.g. using PSI-BLAST PDB analysis) a list of the closest proteins from the PDB, and then a set of draft 3D models is automatically created. Web services are available at http://as2ts.llnl.gov/.
Improving End-User Trust in the Quality of Commercial Probiotic Products (2019)

In a rapidly growing global probiotic market, end-users have difficulty distinguishing between high quality and poor quality products. This ambiguity threatens the trust consumers and healthcare providers have in probiotic products. To address this problem, we recommend that companies undergo third-party evaluations to certify probiotic quality and label accuracy. In order to communicate about product quality to end-users, indication of certification on product labels is helpful, although not all manufacturers choose to use this approach. Herein we discuss: third-party certification, the process of setting standards for identity, purity, and quantification of probiotics; some emerging methodologies useful for quality assessment; and some technical challenges unique to managing quality of live microbial products. This review provides insights of an Expert Panel engaged in this process and aims to update the reader on relevant current scientific methodologies. Establishing validated methodologies for all aspects of quality assessment is an essential component of this process and can be facilitated by established organizations, such as United States Pharmacopeia. Emerging methodologies including whole genome sequencing and flow cytometry are poised to play important roles in these processes.
Quantitative Hydrogeology: Groundwater Hydrology for Engineers (1986)

This book contains: The water cycle; Rock porosity and fluid-solid relations in porous media; Darcy's Law; Aquifer systems; Steady state solutions of the diffusion equation; Flow of miscible fluids: dispersion, retention, and heat transfer; Geostatistic and stochastic approach in hydrogeology; and Index. The qualitative aspects is a description of one of the links in the chain of the water cycle inside the Earth's crust, the subsurface flow. The quantitative aspect is the quantification of the various types of subsurface flow, obtained by applying the principles of fluid mechanics in porous media.
Expression and function of P-glycoprotein in a mouse kidney cell line (1995)

P-glycoprotein (PGP), a transporter conferring multidrug resistance to cancer cells, is expressed in the kidney. C219 monoclonal antibody binding revealed PGP in proximal tubules and mesangium of mouse kidneys. A cell line (TKPTS) expressing PGP was developed from proximal tubules of the 8Tg(SV40E)Bri7 mouse. Northern blot analysis demonstrated a 5.0-kb message identified as mdr1 by ribonuclease protection assay. Cyclosporin A (CSA) at 0.15 and 10 microM increased cellular accumulation of verapamil (VRP) by 32 and 121%, respectively (P < 0.001). VRP at 5 microM increased steady-state cellular accumulation of CSA by 46% (P = 0.02). Basal-to-apical transport of the PGP substrate vinblastine was inhibited by VRP. Rhodamine-123 (R-123) influx was rapid and independent of PGP. R-123 efflux was inhibited by VRP and CSA. Inhibition of PGP transport by VRP, CSA, and PSC-833 decreased the 50% effective dose of adriamycin. The concomitant administration of VRP and CSA was not deleterious and coincided with preferential accumulation of VRP over CSA. Inhibition of PGP-mediated transport is demonstrated as a mechanism of renal cell toxicity.
EVALUATION OF PETROLEUM CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL BY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY (2009)

Preliminary investigation of contaminated soil in the surrounding area of a petroleum tank has been carried out based on fluorescence techniques: excitation emission matrix (EEM) and synchronous fluorescence scan (SFS).A fluorescence fingerprints library containing several EEM and SFS maps for various dilutions of Romanian crude oil in methanol, was used to confirm the identity of the soil contaminant.A calibration curve was created to estimate the contamination level of soil samples.High polyaromatic hydrocarbon concentration in the range of 23 %, v/v was obtained nearby the petroleum tank and a lower one in the range of 0.55 %, v/v at surrounding area.
Extreme—Pressure lubricant tests on jojoba and sperm whale oils (1979)

Abstract Laboratory and simulated in‐use lubricant tests were performed on sulfurized jojoba oil and on reference sulfurized sperm whale oil. Data from these comprehensive tests indicated sulfurized jojoba oil prepared from heat‐treated filtered oil to be comparable or superior to sulfurized sperm whale oil as an extreme‐pressure additive for motor oils, gear lubricants, and automotive transmission fluids.
Zur Kondensation von Carbonylverbindungen mit Hydrazinen, XIII: Über die Reaktion von Alkyl‐ und Aralkylhydrazinen mit Zuckern (1965)

Abstract Alkyl‐ und Aralkylhydrazine kondensieren in Methanol oder 50‐proz. Äthanol analog den Arylhydrazinen bevorzugt mit Mannose, Galaktose, Rhamnose und Arabinose zu gut kristallisierenden Hydrazonen. Die Bildung von Hydrazonen der Glucose, Ribose und Lyxose läßt sich chromatographisch nachweisen, während Fructose und Sorbose keine Kondensation eingehen. An einigen Beispielen wird gezeigt, daß die Zucker‐alkylhydrazone vorwiegend in der acyclischen Form vorliegen.
The Importance of the Thickness of the Femoral Cement Mantle (2003)

The importance of mantle thickness in the long-term survival of cemented femoral components remains controversial. One complexity in evaluating mantle thickness alone is the dominating fact that so many other factors can influence the incidence of failure. Nonetheless, a cement grading system has been applied to the assessment of the intermediate and long-term follow-up series of the following cemented femoral stem designs HD-2 (Howmedica, Rutherford, NJ), CAD (Howmedica, Rutherford, NJ), Precoat (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN), Iowa (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN), Ti32 (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN), and DF80 (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN). In each series, a statistically significant increased risk of failure was found in those cases with cement mantles that were thin or deficient. While these data do not mean that all such cases fail, the data strongly support the concept of avoiding such deficiencies in the cement mantle of these stem designs.
A Detailed Comparison of Experimental and Numerical Data on Hydraulic Fracture Height Growth Through Stress Contrasts (2009)

Summary This paper compares height, length, width, and pressure data from a laboratory experiment to predictions from a three-dimensional (3D) planar hydraulic fracture model for the case of a fracture propagating in a lower-stress payzone region bounded by two symmetric higher-stress barrier regions. A laboratory method that creates step-like stress changes on an interface between two transparent polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) blocks is described. A fracture is propagated along this interface while measuring fracture geometry and full-field fracture width (opening) by analysis of the light intensity in images of the growing fracture. The fracture grew in overall height to 1.7 times the pay height and in half-length to 3 times the pay height. Results from a planar 3D numerical model closely matched the experimental data for overall fracture shape, length, height growth, and injection pressure. The data are presented so other numerical models can be compared with these detailed measurements.
The synthesis of 4<i>H</i>‐imidazo[5,1‐c][1,4]benzothiazine derivatives (1983)

Abstract A facile synthesis of the 4 H ‐imidazo[5,1‐ c ][1,4]benzothiazine ring system is described. The synthesis utilized the annulation of an imidazole ring onto a 2 H ‐1,4‐benzothiazin‐3(4 H )‐one via the addition of the anion of ethyl isocyanoacetate. Methods for the functionalization of the 1‐, 3‐, 4‐, and 5‐positions of the ring system are presented.
Overexpression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in systemic sclerosis: Role of platelet-derived growth factor and effects on monocyte chemotaxis and collagen synthesis (2001)

These data indicate that MCP-1 might contribute to the initiation of inflammatory infiltrates in SSc. Possible stimuli of MCP-1 in dermal SSc lesions include PDGF, which is known to be expressed in SSc. In contrast to previous findings in fibrotic lung diseases, no effect of MCP-1 on collagen synthesis was observed in SSc dermal fibroblasts in vitro.
The paramagnetic metal effect on the ligand localized S1 .apprx. .fwdarw. T1 intersystem crossing in the rare-earth-metal complexes with methyl salicylate (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe paramagnetic metal effect on the ligand localized S1 .apprx. .fwdarw. T1 intersystem crossing in the rare-earth-metal complexes with methyl salicylateSeiji Tobita, Masayuki Arakawa, and Ikuzo TanakaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 26, 5649–5654Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/j100272a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views571Altmetric-Citations152LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (708 KB) Get e-Alerts
Comparative study of multiple-output series resonant inverters for IH applications (2015)

This paper presents the comparative study of multiple output inverter topologies in terms of their circuit operation, control techniques, output power, number of switches required and their efficiency. It includes the concept of multi-output inverter for IH applications. Two multi-output topologies are explained for high power and low power applications. These topologies allow higher efficiency, low cost and less switching losses as compared to other multiple output techniques such as paralleled power converters and load-multiplexation technique. The control strategy includes asymmetrical voltage cancellation (AVC), Variable frequency duty cycle (VFDC) and Pulse density modulation (PDM) control techniques. The performance of multiple-output inverter topologies is verified using MATLABSimulink.
Noise-immune multisensor speech input: formal subjective testing in operational conditions (2003)

Multisensor speech input was evaluated in operational conditions including an oxygen facemask, different noise conditions, and use with two speech coders and a speech-enhancement system. The authors developed a neckstrap for mounting accelerometers. They selected the best multisensor system and fabricated an exploratory development model (EDM). Results from formal speech intelligibility and quality tests in simulated fighter aircraft noise show that the EDM provides consistently both higher intelligibility and quality, as well as more robust performance under all tested operating conditions, than the microphone alone.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Majority of Viral-Cellular Fusion Transcripts in Cervical Carcinomas Cotranscribe Cellular Sequences of Known or Predicted Genes (2008)

Integration of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA into the host genome is a frequent event in cervical carcinogenesis and is reported to occur at randomly selected chromosomal sites. However, as the databases are being up-dated continuously, the knowledge based on sequenced viral integration sites also expands. In this study, viral-cellular fusion transcripts of a preselected group of 74 cervical carcinoma or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) biopsies harboring integrated HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, or HPV45 DNA were amplified by 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR and sequenced. Consistent with previous reports, integration sites were found to be distributed throughout the genome. However, 23% (17 of 74) of the integration sites were located within the cytogenetic bands 4q13.3, 8q24.21, 13q22.1, and 17q21, in clusters ranging from 86 to 900 kb. Of note is that clusters 8q24.21 and 13q22.1 are within 1.5 Mbp of an adjacent fragile site whereas clusters 4q13.3 and 17q21 are >15 Mbp distant to any known fragile sites. It is tempting to speculate that as yet unknown fragile sites may be identified on the basis of HPV integration hotspots. No correlation between HPV type and specific integration loci was found. Of 74 fusion transcripts, 28 contained cellular sequences, which were homologous to known genes, and 40 samples contained sequences of predicted genes. In 33 fusion transcripts, both viral and cellular sequences were in sense orientation, indicating that the gene itself or upstream sequences were affected by integration. These data suggest that the influence of HPV integration on host gene expression may not be a rare effect and should encourage more detailed analyses.
Fake News Mitigation via Point Process Based Intervention (2017)

We propose the first multistage intervention framework that tackles fake news in social networks by combining reinforcement learning with a point process network activity model. The spread of fake news and mitigation events within the network is modeled by a multivariate Hawkes process with additional exogenous control terms. By choosing a feature representation of states, defining mitigation actions and constructing reward functions to measure the effectiveness of mitigation activities, we map the problem of fake news mitigation into the reinforcement learning framework. We develop a policy iteration method unique to the multivariate networked point process, with the goal of optimizing the actions for maximal total reward under budget constraints. Our method shows promising performance in real-time intervention experiments on a Twitter network to mitigate a surrogate fake news campaign, and outperforms alternatives on synthetic datasets.
Reptation of a Polymer Chain in the Presence of Fixed Obstacles (1971)

We discuss possible motions for one polymer molecule P (of mass M) performing wormlike displacements inside a strongly cross-linked polymeric gel G. The topological requirement that P cannot intersect any of the chains of G is taken into account by a rigorous procedure: The only motions allowed for the chain are associated with the displacement of certain “defects” along the chain. The main conclusions derived from this model are the following: (a) There are two characteristic times for the chain motion: One of them (Td) is the equilibration time for the defect concentration, and is proportional to M2. The other time (Tr) is the time required for complete renewal of the chain conformation, and is proportional to M3. (b) The over-all mobility and diffusion coefficients of the chain P are proportional to M−2. (c) At times t &lt; Tr the mean square displacement of one monomer of P increases only like 〈(rt − r0)2〉 = const t1/4. These results may also turn out to be useful for the (more difficult) problem of entanglement effects in unlinked molten polymers.