gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C-plus L-band EDFA with over 70 nm operating range (2004)

This paper presents a wideband silica-based EDFA design operating in both the C-band and the L-band region. The amplifier design is made of a dual stage, co-pumped at 980 nm which delivers an average output power of 10.4 dBm over the entire 3 dB bandwidth of 72 nm at 0 dBm input power representing 100 WDM channels at -20 dBm/ch. An average gain of noise figure (NF) of 5.6 dB was obtained for the entire operating bandwidth of 1528 nm to 1600 nm when pumped at 980 nm. Power conversion efficiency (PCE), high of 8.6% was obtained from this wideband EDFA design.
<title>Prototype flat panel hologram-like display that produces multiple perspective views at full resolution</title> (1995)

Over the past two years, DTI has developed technology under an SBIR program designed to create advanced autostereoscopic hologram-like displays yielding multiple full resolution perspective images that can be viewed passively by multiple observers across a wide area. The first prototype display of this type was completed in 1994. It demonstrated three key technologies necessary for the practical embodiment of an advanced commercial flat panel autostereoscopic display. (1) A fast surface mode LCD capable of displaying 180 images per second with many gray levels. (2) An interlaced light line illumination system that is responsible for making different images visible from different regions of space in front of the display, and allows flicker free imaging at near 30 fps. (3) A controller designed to accept perspective images in standard formats, interlace them, and display them on the LCD. These technologies are demonstrated on an 800 X 400 LCD with 32 true gray shades, yielding up to six perspective views every 33 ms. At half resolution it would be possible to generate twelve views. The system is driven by an entry level workstation and could also accept input from multiple cameras, given the right interface. Results of the project and plans for the future will be discussed.
Paramagnetic organometallic compounds of the early transition metals stabilized by chelating benzyl and phenyl ligands (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTParamagnetic organometallic compounds of the early transition metals stabilized by chelating benzyl and phenyl ligandsLeo E. ManzerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 26, 8068–8073Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00494a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00494a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1373Altmetric-Citations129LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Energy recovery for the design of high-speed, low-power static RAMs (1996)

We present a low-power SRAM design based on the theory of energy recovery that reduces the dissipation associated with write operations while operating at high speed. The energy-recovery SRAM was evaluated through SPICE simulations and compared with a standard design. Simulation results of a 256 × 256 memory configuration indicate that, for successive write operations, energy saving for the different SRAM functions vary from 59% to 76% at 200 MHz operating frequency compared to the conventional design.
A rule-based approach to modular system design (1990)

The author proposes an approach to the development of software systems based on ideas and techniques from the algebraic theory of graph grammars. Given an initial specification, SPEC productions (SPEC is an algebraic specification) are applied sequentially or in parallel to generate another specification: if the productions are the interfaces of module specifications from a library, then the derivation sequence can be translated into a modular system. The results obtained are intended as a formal support for a rule-based (expert) system to aid the systematic development of large software systems from a library of reusable components. The author discusses the notions of derivability and translation of a derivation sequence into an interconnection of modules, and he indicates how to anticipate the application of a production using the parallelism theorem. This equivalence of derivations translates into provably equivalent modular systems. >
A multiplication reduction technique with near-zero approximation for embedded learning in IoT devices (2016)

This paper presents a multiplication reduction technique through near-zero approximation, enabling embedded learning in resource-constrained IoT devices. The intrinsic resilience of neural network and the sparsity of data are identified and utilized. Based on the analysis of leading zero counting and adjustable threshold, intentional approximation is applied to reduce near-zero multiplications. By setting the threshold of the multiplication result to 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> and employing ReLU as the neuron activation function, the sparsity of the CNN model can reach 75% with negligible loss in accuracy when recognizing the MNIST data set. Corresponding hardware implementation has been designed and simulated in UMC 65nm process. It can achieve more than 70% improvement of energy efficiency with only 0.37% area overhead of a 256 Multiply-Accumulator array.
Improved Behavioral Modeling Based on the Input Output Buffer Information Specification. (2007)

High level behavioral modeling is widely used in lieu of low level transistor models to ascertain the behavior of I&#8260;O drivers and receivers. IBIS (Input Output Buffer Information Specification) is one of the most widely used methodology to model digital drivers as it satisfies the basic requirements of a behavioral model such as intellectual property protection, simple structure, fast simulation time and good accuracy.\n\nAs driver technology gets increasingly complicated and rise time of input signal gets increasingly smaller, important phenomenae such as simultaneous switching noise (SSN) becomes a major consideration when simulating multiple I&#8260;O drivers in the integrated circuit. Misrepresentation of noise might result in overestimation of signal strength and quality resulting in a high bit error rate and poor signal to noise ratio at the receiver end. This might lead to total failure of the system. With the size of the transistor shrinking, more and more I&#8260;Os can be accommodated on the chip, resulting in a greater probability of more drivers switching simultaneously, hence increasing the problems of SSN furthermore.\n\nExperiments show that IBIS models over-represents noise in the quiet line when placed in an environment where multiple drivers were present and switching simultaneously. A thorough analysis is performed to determine the inadequacies in IBIS with regards to SSN. A method is presented for compensating for the missing information by complimenting the IBIS model with a black box that is simulator independent, without compromising with the speed that IBIS enjoys over the transistor models.\n\nModel validation and system level tests are done with the IBIS model in conjunction with the black-box by passing a pseudo random bit sequence (PRBS) at the input. Eye diagrams are used to determine the quality of the received signal at the input for the behavior models as well as transistor models. These tests demonstrated a better response of the behavior model than the plain IBIS model when compared to the circuits with the transistor model. The enhancement of the IBIS models resulted in at least a 20% improvement in the simulation accuracy with behavioral models.
Aspects of tautomerism. 6. Base-catalyzed hydrolysis of pseudo esters of .gamma.-keto acids (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAspects of tautomerism. 6. Base-catalyzed hydrolysis of pseudo esters of .gamma.-keto acidsM. Vivekananda Bhatt, K. Sundararaja Rao, and G. Venkoba RaoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 16, 2697–2702Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00436a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00436a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interferon‐stimulated gene 15 ( <i>ISG15</i> ) conjugates proteins in dermatomyositis muscle with perifascicular atrophy (2009)

A large-scale microarray study of muscle samples demonstrated that among a diverse group of muscle diseases DM was uniquely associated with upregulation of the ISG15 conjugation pathway. Exposure of human skeletal muscle cell culture to type 1 interferons produced a molecular picture highly similar to that seen in human DM muscle. Perifascicular atrophic myofibers in DM were deficient in a number of skeletal muscle proteins including titin.
Anti-T-cell receptor V beta 6 breaks tolerance in Mlsa mice and induces production of anti-Mlsa antibodies. (1993)

Tolerance to the minor lymphocyte stimulating (Mls) self-antigens has been shown to be due to the intrathymic deletion of T-cell clones bearing certain T-cell receptor (TcR) V beta regions. T cells bearing these V beta regions (V beta 6, V beta 7, V beta 8.1, V beta 9) are deleted in Mlsa-positive mice. This report demonstrates that hyperimmunization of AKR mice with anti-V beta 6 breaks tolerance to the self-antigen Mlsa and induces the development of anti-Mlsa antibodies. These antibodies had the capacity to block Mlsa-induced mixed lymphocyte responses between H-2 identical strain combinations and also between Mlsa-congeneic BALB.D2MA and parental BALB/c strains. Furthermore, when the responder lymphocytes were Mlsa-positive their response to allogeneic major or minor histocompatibility antigens was enhanced in the presence of this antiserum. This indicates that Mlsa may be present on T cells and that occupancy of this ligand leads to enhanced signal transduction.
Determination of Critical Supersaturation from Microdroplet Evaporation Experiments (2006)

10.1021/cg050681f
System-on-chip testability using LSSD scan structures (2001)

A technology-independent test synthesis tool extends the basic level-sensitive scan design (LSSD) boundary scan methodology. It reuses functional storage elements wherever possible and introduces minimal test logic overhead and delay.
Actions of CRF and its Analogs (1999)

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), urocortin, sauvagine and urotensin I form the CRF family. These peptides bind with different affinities to two subtypes of CRF receptor (CRFR), CRFR1 and CRFR2. The latter exists as two splice variants, the neuronal CRFR2a and the peripheral CRFR2b. CRFR is a G protein-dependent receptor which acts mainly through Gs enhancing cAMP production. However, CRFR1 expressed in neutrophils of the spleen in response to immunologic stimulation and psychological stress does not seem to function through Gs, as indicated by the inability of CRF to stimulate the cAMP production of CRFR1+ neutrophils. Besides the two receptors, a 37 kD CRF binding protein (CRF-BP) binds several CRF peptides with high affinity. CRFR and CRF-BP do not share a common amino acid sequence representing the ligand binding site. In view of the unusually slow offrate of CRF-BP, it is proposed that CRF-BP provides an efficient uptake of free extracellular CRF. Thus, the time of exposure of CRFR to CRF or urocortin can be limited. At this time, the fate of the ligand CRF-BP complex is unclear. CRFR1 is not only involved in the hypophyseal stimulation of corticotropin release, but hippocampal CRFR1 mediates enhancement of stress-induced learning. CRFR1 may also be involved in basic anxiety. In contrast, at least in the mouse, CRFR2 of the lateral intermediate septum mediates tonic impairment of learning. In response to stressful stimuli or after local injection of high CRF doses, CRFR2 mediates anxiety. Effects requiring CRFR2 can be blocked specifically by the recently developed peptidic antagonist antisauvagine-30.
Evaluaton of Self-Sealing Breakaway Valves for Crashworthy Aircraft Fuel Systems (1971)

Abstract : A program was aimed at improving the component performance characteristics of breakaway valves used to eliminate fuel spillage and subsequent fire in otherwise survivable aircraft crashes. It consisted of an initial study and literature survey to establish the state of the art followed by two series of static and dynamic tests of various types of valves to define problem areas and to verify that the problems had been corrected. An analysis to correct the indicated deficiencies was accomplished between the two test phases. The results were then collated into a draft military specification.
Comprehending monads (1992)

Category theorists invented monads in the 1960's to express concisely certain aspects of universal algebra. Functional programmers invented list comprehensions in the 1970's to express concisely certain programs involving lists. This paper shows how list comprehensions may be generalised to an arbitrary monad, and how the resulting programming feature can express concisely in a pure functional language some programs that manipulate state, handle exceptions, parse text, or invoke continuations. A new solution to the old problem of destructive array update is also presented. No knowledge of category theory is assumed.
Piezoresistive Cantilever Beam for Force Sensingin Two Dimensions (2007)

A novel two-dimensional piezoresistive nano-Newton resolution force sensing cantilever is presented. The silicon cantilever is fabricated using bulk micromachining. Two 500-nm-thick p-doped epitaxial silicon piezoresistive sensors are located on both sides of the cantilever. This structure detects both the lateral and vertical applied forces by electronic switching between two configurations of a Wheatstone bridge. A force sensitivity is measured up to 100 and 540 V/N for lateral and vertical configurations, respectively. The corresponding force resolution is estimated at 21 and 4 nN, respectively. This force-sensing cantilever can be used for measuring the contact force between manipulating tools and small objects in, e.g., living cell handling, minimally invasive surgery, and microassembly
Extrapolating from Spoken to Signed Prosody via Laboratory Phonology (1999)

Laboratory phonology tests the predictions of phonological analyses through experimental investigations of phonetic behavior. This paper describes how a laboratory phonologist might investigate three issues in the analysis of the prosody of signed languages: the internal structure, if any, of the signed syllable, the realization of lexical and phrasal prominence, and the marking of edges. The paper proposes to investigate the internal structure of the syllable by adapting a variety of psycholinguistic techniques that have been extensively used to study the phonetic packaging of phonological material in spoken languages. Phonological and phonetic arguments are presented in support of the hypothesis that signed languages will increase movement kinematics to convey phrasal and perhaps lexical prominence, and an experiment is sketched that would test this hypothesis. Finally, the paper suggests that the experimental study of the edges of sign articulations might allow a clearer choice between competing phonetic and phonological accounts of external sandhi in language in general.
<title>Intraresonator Phase Conjugation</title> (1981)

Cavity-induced beam distortion might be reduced by a phase conjugating mirror inside the laser. The promise and problems of doing this in a high-power laser are discussed. After reviewing the oscillation mode theory of resonators with phase conjugators, we discuss the practical limitations at high power. The main issues are (1) availability of pump energy for conjugation, (2) degraded conjugation at high power, and (3) outcoupling the energy from the laser.
A cache-based method for accelerating switch-level simulation (1994)

Switch-level simulation has become a common means of validating the behavior of MOS circuits. In this paper, we present a new cache-based simulation method that significantly reduces the cost of subnetwork evaluation during switch-level simulation. The method speeds up simulation by as much as a factor of two. While caching may require additional memory, the structural hierarchy can be exploited to quickly identify subnetworks computing identical functions, merge their cache tables, and significantly reduce the memory requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamic testing of high-speed A/D converters (1978)

The proposed digital techniques determine the transfer characteristics of A/D converters under dynamic operating conditions. Characteristic parameters are derived from the digital outputs of converters. Measurements show the discrepancy between static and dynamic performances.
A Peptide Tag System for Facile Purification and Single-Molecule Immobilization (2009)

A peptide fusion tag and accompanying recombinant capture reagents have been developed on the basis of the peptide-PDZ domain interaction and affinity clamps, a new class of affinity reagent. This system allows for single-step purification under mild conditions and stable capture of a tagged protein. The subnanomolar affinity, high force resistance (>30 pN), small size ( approximately 25 kDa, approximately one-sixth of the size of IgG), and monomeric nature of the affinity clamp are all superior features for many applications, in particular single-molecule measurements.
Retrieval of absolute thermospheric concentrations from the far UV dayglow: An application of discrete inverse theory (1994)

The photoelectron‐excited far ultraviolet dayglow provides a means for remote sensing of N 2 , O, O 2 , and temperature in the terrestrial thermosphere. This paper describes a model based on the maximum likelihood method of nonlinear discrete inverse theory, which extracts information on the state of the thermosphere from limb scans of the dayglow. We show that concentrations between about 150 and (at least) 350 km can be retrieved to a high degree of accuracy and precision, independent of instrument absolute calibration. Also, the retrieved concentrations are not strongly sensitive to errors in the photoelectron excitation cross sections. The model will allow the routine development of climatological databases on the thermosphere from satellite remote sensing missions.
Influence of Host Genetics and Environment on Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in Danish Middle-Aged and Elderly Twins (2012)

In this study, host genetic factors exhibited only a modest influence on the S. aureus carrier state of middle-aged and elderly individuals.
Preparation of amifostine polylactide-co-glycolide microspheres and its irradiation protective to mouse through oral administration (2011)

The objectives of this study were to prepare the amifostine polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) microsphere and investigate its irradiation protective to mouse through oral administration. Amifostine-loaded PLGA microsphere was formulated using a modified double emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. The microsphere particle was spherical with a mean diameter of 2.8 ± 0.1 μm. Release data of amifostine PLGA microsphere was tested in phosphate-buffered saline at 37°C using a dialysis method and its release profiles was biphasic, showing a relatively large burst effect (50%) over the first 6 h, followed by a slower release phase, which sustained with 80% amifostine released in 48 h and almost 100% release till 6 days (144 h). A diffusion-controlled release model (Higuchi equation, R² = 0.9725) was obtained for amifostine releasing from PLGA microsphere. The radiation experiment was performed by applied cobalt-60 γ-radiation source. One hour before γ-radiation exposure, the mouse was orally given free amifostine and PLGA microsphere, respectively. The irradiation effects, such as blood cell concentration, superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were monitored. The results indicated that amifostine PLGA microsphere was more irradiation protective to mouse than that of free amifostine under the same oral administration route.
Flex ddG: Rosetta Ensemble-Based Estimation of Changes in Protein–Protein Binding Affinity upon Mutation (2018)

Computationally modeling changes in binding free energies upon mutation (interface ΔΔ G) allows large-scale prediction and perturbation of protein-protein interactions. Additionally, methods that consider and sample relevant conformational plasticity should be able to achieve higher prediction accuracy over methods that do not. To test this hypothesis, we developed a method within the Rosetta macromolecular modeling suite (flex ddG) that samples conformational diversity using "backrub" to generate an ensemble of models and then applies torsion minimization, side chain repacking, and averaging across this ensemble to estimate interface ΔΔ G values. We tested our method on a curated benchmark set of 1240 mutants, and found the method outperformed existing methods that sampled conformational space to a lesser degree. We observed considerable improvements with flex ddG over existing methods on the subset of small side chain to large side chain mutations, as well as for multiple simultaneous non-alanine mutations, stabilizing mutations, and mutations in antibody-antigen interfaces. Finally, we applied a generalized additive model (GAM) approach to the Rosetta energy function; the resulting nonlinear reweighting model improved the agreement with experimentally determined interface ΔΔ G values but also highlighted the necessity of future energy function improvements.