gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Information-based syntax and semantics (1987)

A long-standing, near-universal, and erroneous practice of teaching syntax in a void exists, as if the communicative function of language had nothing to do with syntax. And semantics has customarily been taught in sequence after syntax, or else not at all. Based upon graduate courses taught at Stanford University, this work seeks to redress this situation by building up syntactic and semantic aspects of grammatical theory in an integrated way from the start, under the assumption that neither is of linguistic interest divorced from the other. The particular theory presented, head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) - so-called because of its central notion of the grammatical head - is an information-based (or 'unification-based' theory that has its roots in a number of different research programs within linguistics and neighboring disciplines such as philosophy and computer science.Thus HPSG draws upon and attempts to synthesize insights and perspectives from several families of contemporary syntactic theories, such as categorial grammar, lexical-functional grammar, generalized phrase structure grammar, and government-binding theory; but many of its key ideas arise from semantic theories like situation semantics and discourse representation theory, and from computational work in such areas as knowledge representation, data type theory, and formalisms based upon the unification of partial information.
Techniques for the collection of lymph from the liver, small intestine, or thoracic duct of the rat. (1948)

T HE following techniques for collection of lymph in the rat have been very satisfactory for periods of two or three days for lymph from the liver and for periods up to ten days for lymph from the intestine or from the thoracic duct. These methods have been useful in the study of lymph from the standpoint of the substances exchanged from the plasma to the lymph and of the materials contributed to the lymph from the intestine in the course of digestion and absorption of various foods. Cannulation of the lymphatics of the liver is accomplished in rats weighing 150 to 300 grams. The rats are anesthetized with ether. Through a midline incision the liver is reflected upward to the right and the stomach and duodenum are reflected to the left; this exposes the hepatogastric and hepatoduoden?l ligaments. Evans blue dye, 0.1 ml. of a 0.5 per cent solution, is injected through a fine hypodermic needle into the liver. Within a minute blue lymph may be seen in the lymphatics passing through the hepatogastric ligament. After the wurker has acquired a little experience the clear lymphatica of the liver are easily recognized and the injection of dye is no longer necessary. With the use of dissecting glasses, a blunt d&&i this can be prevented by ligation of the small
Maintenance and Attrition of T-Cell Memory (2003)

After antigenic stimulation in the context of "danger signals," naive T cells embark on a programmed, intense expansion phase to counteract the rapid proliferation of pathogens. During the first week of infection, responding T cells undergo > 1000-fold expansion, resulting in the development of large numbers of cells exhibiting potent effector function. As the pathogen (antigen) burden dwindles, a majority of the effectors generated are eliminated by apoptosis, resulting in the survival and maintenance of a small population of antigen-specific cells as long-term memory T cells. Depending on the infection studied, CD8+ T cells appear to differentiate through multiple pathways into resting and effector memory subsets, and require multiple cytokines and cell surface molecules for survival and proliferation. Once generated, the repertoire of memory T cells remains highly vulnerable to attrition during heterologous infections, where homeostatic forces drive deletions in T-cell memory pools to accommodate the entry of new memory T cells. This review will primarily focus on the factors that influence the generation, maintenance, and attrition of memory CD8+ T cells.
Phase II trial to evaluate the ActiGait implanted drop-foot stimulator in established hemiplegia (2007)

This trial has evaluated the safety and performance of the device, which was well accepted by patients and did not compromise safety.
Mechanism of the Ullmann condensation reaction. Part III. Role of the copper catalyst (1974)

The Ullmann condensation of sodium 1-amino-4-bromo-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulphonate (I) with nucleophilic reagents in alkaline, aqueous solution has been investigated. When copper(II) sulphate was used as catalyst and aniline as reagent, e.s.r. studies showed that the hydroxide ion and the amine were co-ordinated to a divalent copper species but no evidence indicating the co-ordination of (I) was obtained. The copper(II)-catalysed reaction was accelerated markedly during the earlier stage by the addition of metal reducing agents (Sn2+,Ti3+, and Fe2+). The distribution of the products depended on pH, the relative yield of the phenolic by-product being minimized at high concentrations of hydroxide ion. Anilines were found to enhance the rate of the reaction of (I) with toluene-p-sulphonamide. The role of the copper catalyst is discussed and a mechanism is proposed.
The Art of Knitted Fabrics, Realistic & Physically Based Modelling of Knitted Patterns (1998)

In this paper we will present a system to use three dimensional computer graphics in garment design. This system is capable to visualize the "real", i.e. the physically correct, appearance of a knitted fabric. A fast visualization of a physically correct micro‐structure garment is of crucial importance in textile industry, since it enables fast and less expensive product development. This system may be either used in the design of new products or teaching the art of knitted fabrics. We use in our system directly the produced machine‐code of the design system for knitting machines. A physical model, a particle system, is used to calculate the dynamics of the micro‐structure of the knitted garment.
Magnetically Responsive Biodegradable Nanoparticles Enhance Adenoviral Gene Transfer in Cultured Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells (2009)

Replication-defective adenoviral (Ad) vectors have shown promise as a tool for gene delivery-based therapeutic applications. Their clinical use is however limited by therapeutically suboptimal transduction levels in cell types expressing low levels of Coxsackie-Ad receptor (CAR), the primary receptor responsible for the cell entry of the virus, and by systemic adverse reactions. Targeted delivery achievable with Ad complexed with biodegradable magnetically responsive nanoparticles (MNP) may therefore be instrumental for improving both the safety and efficiency of these vectors. Our hypothesis was that magnetically driven delivery of Ad affinity-bound to biodegradable MNP can substantially increase transgene expression in CAR deficient vascular cells in culture. Fluorescently labeled MNP were formulated from polylactide with inclusion of iron oxide and surface-modified with the D1 domain of CAR as an affinity linker. MNP cellular uptake and GFP reporter transgene expression were assayed fluorimetrically in cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells using lambda(ex)/lambda(em) of 540 nm/575 nm and 485 nm/535 nm, respectively. Stable vector-specific association of Ad with MNP resulted in formation of MNP-Ad complexes displaying rapid cell binding kinetics following a brief exposure to a high gradient magnetic field with resultant gene transfer levels significantly increased compared to free vector or nonmagnetic control treatment. Multiple regression analysis suggested a mechanism of MNP-Ad mediated transduction distinct from that of free Ad, and confirmed the major contribution of the complexes to the gene transfer under magnetic conditions. The magnetically enhanced transduction was achieved without compromising the cell viability or growth kinetics. The enhancement of adenoviral gene delivery by affinity complexation with biodegradable MNP represents a promising approach with a potential to extend the applicability of the viral gene therapeutic strategies.
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in patients recovering spontaneous breathing after acute respiratory distress syndrome: Physiological evaluation* (2010)

Compared to pressure-support ventilation, neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients holds promise for limiting the risk of overassistance, preventing patient-ventilator asynchrony, and improving overall patient-ventilator interactions. Neural triggering (neurally adjusted ventilatory assist-electrical activity of the diaphragm) considerably decreased patient-ventilator asynchrony.
A simple and fast ultrasonographic method of detecting enteral feeding tube placement in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients (2017)

Abdominal X-rays, the diagnostic method for enteral feeding tube (EFT) positioning, are a source of irradiation for the patients and carry a potential risk of adverse effects. Data related to ultrasound (US)-guided EFT placement are scarce. We evaluated 41 patients with 41 EFT insertions with guidewire in place that was maintained until US examination. US detected 38 patients with proper positioning and 3 with inadequate positioning, with a sensitivity of 97% (95% CI 84.9-99.8%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI 19.7-100%). The assessment of EFT position through abdominal US is practical and safe, associated with satisfactory diagnostic accuracy.
Cationic Nanoparticles Induce Nanoscale Disruption in Living Cell Plasma Membranes (2009)

It has long been recognized that cationic nanoparticles induce cell membrane permeability. Recently, it has been found that cationic nanoparticles induce the formation and/or growth of nanoscale holes in supported lipid bilayers. In this paper, we show that noncytotoxic concentrations of cationic nanoparticles induce 30-2000 pA currents in 293A (human embryonic kidney) and KB (human epidermoid carcinoma) cells, consistent with a nanoscale defect such as a single hole or group of holes in the cell membrane ranging from 1 to 350 nm(2) in total area. Other forms of nanoscale defects, including the nanoparticle porating agents adsorbing onto or intercalating into the lipid bilayer, are also consistent; although the size of the defect must increase to account for any reduction in ion conduction, as compared to a water channel. An individual defect forming event takes 1-100 ms, while membrane resealing may occur over tens of seconds. Patch-clamp data provide direct evidence for the formation of nanoscale defects in living cell membranes. The cationic polymer data are compared and contrasted with patch-clamp data obtained for an amphiphilic phenylene ethynylene antimicrobial oligomer (AMO-3), a small molecule that is proposed to make well-defined 3.4 nm holes in lipid bilayers. Here, we observe data that are consistent with AMO-3 making approximately 3 nm holes in living cell membranes.
Tick-borne relapsing fever in central Tanzania (1990)

Between October 1985 and September 1986, 488 children aged less than 15 years, 45 pregnant women, 21 other women and 18 men with tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) were seen at Mvumi Hospital, Central Tanzania. 88% of the children were less than 5 years old and 36% were less than 1 year. Twelve children were less than 1 month old and some of the 10 infants diagnosed at between 4 and 12 days of age were cases of congenital infection. The clinical features of TBRF in the children and pregnant women were compared with 129 children with a similar age distribution and 52 pregnant women, respectively, who had blood smears positive for malaria but negative for spirochaetes. The common presenting features in children with TBRF were a high fever, splenomegaly, convulsions, and meningism. The difficulty of differentiation from malaria is described. Severe disease in both children and adults was associated with high density of spirochaetes in blood smears. Of the 45 infected pregnant women, 22 (49%) went into labour. One of the deliveries was an abortion and 10 were preterm infants, 4 of whom died. There were no maternal deaths. The estimated overall mortality for children was 1.6%, and 2.3% for those aged less than 1 years; for the 95 children admitted it was 8.4%. Penicillin was a satisfactory treatment for all ages, with a relapse rate of 4.7%. Recommendations for patient management are given.
Grid connection of multi-Megawatt clean Wave energy power plant under weak grid condition (2008)

The WaveDragon is a 7 megawatt wave energy converter, that is currently developed for clean offshore energy production. The system will be floating several kilometres off the Pembrokeshire coast, Wales, UK, and transfers energy using a submarine power cable. Key interest is the control of the power take-off system at disturbed voltages and under weak-grid condition due to long submarine cable and remote, rural location. A multi-reference frame controller is implemented for harmonics compensation. A parameter estimator is implemented to estimate the grid impedance. Simulation and measurements results from a laboratory test setup that illustrate properties of developed method are shown.
DLR’s Transportable Optical Ground Station (2013)

This paper will give an overview about the Transportable Optical Ground Station (TOGS) of DLR’s Institute of Communications and Navigation. Furthermore, a short description of its project involvement will be given.
Use of Benzodiazepines in Anxiety Disorders (1993)

Beginning with chlordiazepoxide in 1960, benzodiazepines have been used extensively for the treatment of anxiety and related disorders. Eight benzodiazepine derivatives have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for this purpose (Table 1). Another benzodiazepine, clonazepam, is also prescribed for this purpose but is labeled as an anticonvulsant.The clinical, pharmacokinetic, and neurochemical properties of the benzodiazepine derivatives have been the focus of many articles in the scientific literature16. Much is known about their molecular mechanisms of action, properties of distribution and elimination, clinical activity, and side effects. Like many other classes of drugs that are . . .
Synergistic Catalytic Effect of a Composite (CoS/PEDOT:PSS) Counter Electrode on Triiodide Reduction in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2011)

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite counter electrodes comprised of sheetlike CoS nanoparticles dispersed in polystyrenesulfonate-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (CoS/PEDOT:PSS) offer a synergistic effect on catalytic performance toward the reduction of triiodide for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), yielding 5.4% power conversion efficiency, which is comparable to that of the conventional platinum counter electrode (6.1%). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that the composite counter electrodes exhibited better catalytic activity, fostering rate of triiodide reduction, than that of pristine PEDOT: PSS electrode. The simple preparation of composite (CoS/PEDOT:PSS) electrode at low temperature with improved electrocatalytic properties are feasible to apply in flexible substrates, which is at most urgency for developing novel counter electrodes for lightweight flexible solar cells.
Informative experimental design for electronic circuits (1998)

This paper presents the case against two widespread practices in designing engineering experiments, which are (i) to vary one factor at a time (the OFAT approach) and (ii) to generate experimental points by random selection (the Monte Carlo approach). These approaches do not produce good experimental designs, defined as generating maximum information per run (IPR), and should be replaced by designs that do. These latter designs (i) vary many factors at a time and (ii) use a patterned set of experimental points rather than a random set. An example from circuit design is used to illustrate this approach. The limitations of the random approach are well known amongst statisticians but often not among engineers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graft Polymerization:  Grafting Poly(styrene) from Cellulose via Reversible Addition−Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization (2005)

Reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was used to control the grafting of styrene from a cellulose substrate. The hydroxyl groups of the cellulose fiber were converted into thiocarbonyl-thio chain transfer agent, and were further used to mediate the RAFT polymerization of styrene. The graft copolymers were analyzed by gravimetry, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry. The results obtained from these analytical techniques confirm that grafting occurred from the surface of the cellulose fibers. The poly(styrene) chains were also cleaved from the cellulose backbone and analyzed by size exclusion chromatography and showed narrow polydispersity.
Relationship between the parameters of muscular and cardiovascular systems in graded exercise testing in subjects doing regular exercises and sports (2015)

We analyzed the relationship between EMG and ECG parameters during graded step-dosed exercises with the use of bicycle ergometer in subjects doing regular exercises and sports. We observed the dynamics of EMG and ECG parameters in graded exercise testing. During physical activity of low intensity, muscular effort is mainly due to an increase in the heart rate; during activity of high intensity, the electrophysiological processes of the whole myocardium are involved. The interrelation of the parameters of muscular and cardiovascular systems was proved to increase with the intensity of physical activity.
Dysregulation of microRNA expression drives aberrant DNA hypermethylation in basal-like breast cancer (2013)

Basal-like breast cancers frequently express aberrant DNA hypermethylation associated with concurrent silencing of specific genes secondary to DNMT3b overexpression and DNMT hyperactivity. DNMT3b is known to be post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNAs. The objective of the current study was to determine the role of microRNA dysregulation in the molecular mechanism governing DNMT3b overexpression in primary breast cancers that express aberrant DNA hypermethylation. The expression of microRNAs (miRs) that regulate (miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-29c, miR-148a and miR-148b) or are predicted to regulate DNMT3b (miR‑26a, miR-26b, miR-203 and miR-222) were evaluated among 70 primary breast cancers (36 luminal A-like, 13 luminal B-like, 5 HER2‑enriched, 16 basal-like) and 18 normal mammoplasty tissues. Significantly reduced expression of miR-29c distinguished basal-like breast cancers from other breast cancer molecular subtypes. The expression of aberrant DNA hypermethylation was determined in a subset of 33 breast cancers (6 luminal A-like, 6 luminal B-like, 5 HER2-enriched and 16 basal-like) through examination of methylation‑sensitive biomarker gene expression (CEACAM6, CDH1, CST6, ESR1, GNA11, MUC1, MYB, TFF3 and SCNN1A), 11/33 (33%) cancers exhibited aberrant DNA hypermethylation including 9/16 (56%) basal-like cancers, but only 2/17 (12%) non-basal-like cancers (luminal A-like, n=1; HER2-enriched, n=1). Breast cancers with aberrant DNA hypermethylation express diminished levels of miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-26a, miR-26b, miR-148a and miR-148b compared to cancers lacking aberrant DNA hypermethylation. A total of 7/9 (78%) basal-like breast cancers with aberrant DNA hypermethylation exhibit diminished levels of ≥6 regulatory miRs. The results show that i) reduced expression of miR-29c is characteristic of basal-like breast cancers, ii) miR and methylation-sensitive gene expression patterns identify two subsets of basal-like breast cancers, and iii) the subset of basal-like breast cancers with reduced expression of multiple regulatory miRs express aberrant DNA hypermethylation. Together, these findings strongly suggest that the molecular mechanism governing the DNMT3b-mediated aberrant DNA hypermethylation in primary breast cancer involves the loss of post-transcriptional regulation of DNMT3b by regulatory miRs.
Wound healing in cardiovascular disease (1995)

Inflammation and Healing in the Heart Wound Healing Response after Myocardial Infarction: Structural and Pharmacological Aspects Wound Healing After Myocardial Infarction Myocardial Rupture Postinfarction Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease Myocardial Collagenase in the Failing Human Heart Myocardial Collagenase Activity in Experimental Dilated Cardiomyopathoy The Extracellular Matrix with the Development and Regression from Dilated Cardiomyopathy Myocarditis Endomocardial Fibrosis Vascular Wound Healing and Restenosis Following Revascularization The Regulation of Collagen Turnover in the Normal, Hypertrophying and Fibrotic Heart Collagen Degradation After Myocardial Infarction The Pathogenesis of Atheroscolerosis Proteinases and Inhibitors in Aortic Aneurysms Circulating Hormones of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Myocardial Fibrosis in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Locally Produced Substances and Tissue Repair Connective Tissue Ace Role of Endothelial Derived Signals Activation of Angiotension II Receptors in the Postinfarcted Heart and Myocyte Growth Processes The Human Angiotension I-Converting Enzyme Polymorphism and its Implication in Cardiovascular Diseases Regulation of Fibrillar Collagen Gene Expression In Search of Common Ground
Smart Mirror using Raspberry Pi as a Security and Vigilance System (2019)

The present generation devices are built with smart capabilities. The intelligence is embedded in them to act wise in deployed environment. Mirrors are basically used in home for the purpose of grooming up or getting ready for the day. The same mirrors can be made to behave Smart to provide Security and Vigilance in deployed environment. Smart mirror is a system that not only works as a normal mirror but also provides Security against intrusion inside the home. The proposed system is designed using Raspberry Pi, Camera, Raspberry Pi compatible touch screen and microphone as hardware components and Python for programming. The proposed system can accept 3 modes of input commands namely Voice, Touch and Mobile commands. The Smart mirror can be used as a security system against the Intrusion in home. The Yolo Technique with OpenCV for object detection is used for detection of Intrusion of Human. The Yolo (You Only Look Once) is a Machine Learning concept for the detection of objects. The Yolo is an optimized technique as it looks image only once as compared to other image processing techniques, hence work faster. The Video is converted to frames and the frames are given as input to the Raspberry Pi. The Python programming is used along-with the Yolo technique with OpenCV to detect objects. As soon as the intrusion is confirmed, the administrator of the Smart Mirror will be sent an alert E-mail along-with the photo of an intruder and the details are stored in the storage device. The voice and Touch screen commands can be used whenever an administrator/owner is in front of the mirror. The mobile based controls can be used when the administrator/owner of the mirror is away from the mirror. The basic theme of the proposed model is that, to make use of household devices for providing security.