gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution Channels: An Extension of Exclusive Retailership (1998)

The underlying channel structure in most studies to date has consisted either of exclusive dealers that sell only one manufacturer's brand or of a single retailer selling multiple brands. Little attention has been given to the larger segment of most consumer goods markets in which retailers compete to sell multiple brands at the same location. This research seeks to add to the growing literature of channel competition by analyzing three channel structures, the least constrained of which deals with two competing manufacturers and two retailers, each of whom distributes both products in a noncooperative game with two Nash's and one Stackleberg equilibrium. Using differentiated products and a linear demand function, we introduce the concept of “store substitutability”—a measure corresponding to product substitutability representing competitiveness at the retail level—between the two retailers. We are able to obtain closed form solutions for all cases. We show that the presence of competitive effects at both retail and manufacturer levels of distribution has a significant impact on profits and prices. We also study the effects of various power relationships in the channel. Furthermore, we compare these results to those obtained by previous research. Finally, we propose some testable implications and suggest avenues for future research.
Cytokine Responses to<i>Treponema pectinovorum</i>and<i>Treponema denticola</i>in Human Gingival Fibroblasts (2000)

Human gingival fibroblasts were challenged with Treponema pectinovorum and Treponema denticola to test three specific hypotheses: (i) these treponemes induce different cytokine profiles from the fibroblasts, (ii) differences in cytokine profiles are observed after challenge with live versus killed treponemes, and (iii) differences in cytokine profiles are noted from different gingival fibroblast cell lines when challenged with these treponemes. Three normal gingival fibroblast cell cultures were challenged with T. pectinovorum and T. denticola strains, and the supernatants were analyzed for cytokine production (i.e., interleukin-1alpha [IL-1alpha], IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, gamma interferon, macrophage chemotactic protein 1 [MCP-1], platelet-derived growth factor, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor). Unstimulated fibroblast cell lines produced IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. T. pectinovorum routinely elicited the greatest production of these cytokines from the fibroblast cell lines, increasing 10- to 50-fold over basal production. While T. denticola also induced IL-6 and IL-8 production, these levels were generally lower than those elicited by challenge with T. pectinovorum. MCP-1 levels were significantly lower after T. denticola challenge, and the kinetics suggested that this microorganism actually inhibited basal production by the fibroblasts. No basal or stimulated production of the other cytokines was observed. Significant differences were noted in the responsiveness of the various cell lines with respect to the two species of treponemes and the individual cytokines produced. Finally, dead T. pectinovorum generally induced a twofold-greater level of IL-6 and IL-8 than the live bacteria. These results supported the idea that different species of oral treponemes can elicit proinflammatory cytokine production by gingival cells and that this stimulation did not require live microorganisms. Importantly, a unique difference was noted in the ability of T. pectinovorum to induce a robust MCP-1 production, while T. denticola appeared to inhibit this activity of the fibroblasts. While the general cytokine profiles of the fibroblast cell cultures were similar, significant differences were noted in the quantity of individual cytokines produced, which could relate to individual patient variation in local inflammatory responses in the periodontium.
Extracting the channel allocation information in a spectrum pooling system using a prefilter delay and multiply nonlinearity (2003)

The spectrum pooling concept is a resource sharing strategy, which allows a license owner to share a sporadically used part of his licensed spectrum with a renter system, until he needs it himself. In order to make such a resource sharing plausible for a license owner, the impact of this strategy on the operation of the license owner system must be kept at a minimum. This means the renter system must extract the channel allocation information (CAI) from the channel, i.e. it has to detect, which parts of the shared spectrum the owner system accesses to, in order to immediately vacate the frequency bands being required by the owner and to gain access to the frequency bands, which the owner has stopped using. In this paper we propose a method for the extraction of the CAI using a prefilter delay and multiply nonlinearity in a specific spectrum pooling scenario, where the license owner is a GSM network and the spectrum renter is an OFDM based WLAN system.
An Introduction to Prism Signal Processing (2017)

<p>The Internet of Things (IoT) [1] and Industrie 4.0 [2] propose substantial increases in the deployment of sensors into a diverse range of environments. The challenges are considerable: local computational power must be efficiently and flexibly deployed both to perform current metrological tasks and to reconfigure/redesign the signal processing flow as monitoring requirements evolve over time.</p> <br/> <p>This paper introduces the Prism (precise, repeat integral, signal monitor), a new type of signal processing block, as a contribution towards to the challenges of 21st Century metrology. The Prism acts as a fully recursive, dual output, FIR filter: the computational burden is low and independent of data window length. Prism design is trivial, so that networks of Prisms can be assembled, whether at design time or autonomously in real time, to carry out a wide range of metrological tasks. Prism-based trackers for the frequency, phase and/or amplitude of a sinusoid perform close to the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for SNRs down to 0 dB. </p>
On Structured Workflow Modelling (2013)

While there are many similarities between the languages of the various workflow management systems, there are also significant differences. One particular area of differences is caused by the fact that different systems impose different syntactic restrictions. In such cases, business analysts have to choose between either conforming to the language in their specifications or transforming these specifications afterwards. The latter option is preferable as this allows for a separation of concerns. In this paper we investigate to what extent such transformations are possible in the context of various syntactical restrictions (the most restrictive of which will be referred to as structured workflows). We also provide a deep insight into the consequences, particularly in terms of expressive power, of imposing such restrictions.
3DTV over IP (2007)

In this paper, technologies for distribution of a variety of three-dimensional (3-D) video and 3-D TV services over IP networks are described. The approaches for encoding stereoscopic and MW have been standardized in the form of MPEG "video-plus-depth" and the JVT MVC standards. It has been shown that both approaches can encode stereoscopic video at about 1.2 times the bit rate of monoscopic video (when using unequal inter-view bit allocation in the case of MVC). Also this kind of interactive system increases the bandwidth requirement significantly. A multitude of strategies have been considered for streaming such encoded MW using RTP/UDP/IP or RTP/DCCP/IP. Video streaming architectures can be classified as 1) server unicasting to one or more clients, 2) server multicasting to several clients, 3) P2P unicast distribution, where each peer forwards packets to another peer, and 4) P2P multicasting, where each peer forwards packets to several other peers.
Significant Cost Savings Achieved through the Use of PDC Bits in Compressed Air / Foam Applications (2008)

Abstract Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits are widely regarded as an excellent means to improve penetration rates throughout the world in many fluid drilling applications. However, although attempts to apply PDC technology in air and foam drilling environments have been made in the past, the practice has been largely deemed uneconomical due to excessive damage to the cutting elements. Since the need for significant performance gains persists, an improvement in bit performance can benefit the industry by increasing penetration rates and operating efficiency, thus reducing drilling costs. Initiatives have been undertaken in a joint effort between an operator and a service company to test modern PDC bit designs in the dry air, nitrogen, and foam drilling applications of the Appalachian Basin in the Eastern United States and of the Permian Basin in West Texas. These are widely drilled basins with well-known lithology and geological properties. The initiatives included identifying target applications and establishing operating practices while determining the economic viability of applying modern PDC bits in these environments. These efforts were determined to achieve drilling cost savings while reducing or eliminating down-hole complications. Careful bit selection, differences in operating parameters, bit performance and dull condition, and impact on borehole quality were monitored. Performance data was accumulated from dozens of bit runs over the life of the projects. This data has indicated that successful PDC bit performance has increased ROP by 300% with a 30% reduction of days-on-well on one application. The second application averaged 40% more hours on bit with reliable results while drilling 30% more distance, saving a trip and one bit. These results demonstrate the tremendous potential to reduce drilling costs with the conversion from roller cone to PDC bits in air-related applications. This paper details methods, results, and lessons learned from the testing completed and translates those findings into practical techniques. Case study examples are included, with performance data and drilling conditions to support the findings.
The Missing Link—Identification of Reservoir Compartmentalization Through Downhole Fluid Analysis (2005)

Abstract Reservoir compartmentalization is a major cause of production underperformance in the oilfield. A well drilled into a compartmentalized reservoir will see only part of the hydrocarbon in place over the production time scale. The obstruction to free flow can be sealing faults, fault baffles, pinching out layers, sand lenses or low permeability areas. Although it is recognized that a comprehensive approach to compartmentalization must make combined use of all available rock and fluid data, the case studies in this paper show Downhole Fluid Analysis (DFA) to be one of the most effective techniques in recognizing compartmentalization via fluid signature comparisons and fluid density inversions. Corroboration with geological, petrophysical, reservoir engineering and production data confirms the strength of the DFA technique Fluid compositional variations must be considered in order to acquire fluid samples representative of the reservoir at large and to devise optimal production strategies. In addition, fluid compositional variations can be utilized as a tool to identify compartmentalization because different compartments are likely to be filled with different fluids. The limitation on use of such techniques in the past has been the need to rationalize the use of wireline sampling to collect and analyze only the necessary samples. In this paper, DFA is shown to be the "missing link." It provides the information necessary to optimize the sampling process and to decide in real time on where sampling is needed without necessarily having to bring all samples to surface.
Onset of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Synthesis during Microsporogenesis in Maize (1985)

During male gametophyte development the synthesis of several proteins occurs from transcripts of the haploid genome. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1), a developmentally regulated protein, was chosen for study to determine the stage at which its synthesis was initiated and the pattern of its synthesis during microsporogenesis. The ability of ADH to reduce p-nitro blue tetrazolium chloride in situ was used as an indicator of enzyme activity. Maize strains heterozygous for adh1 were utilized to provide an internal control, 50% of the grains being adh1(+) and 50% being adh1(-). No ADH activity was detectable when tetrads were first formed after meiosis. Activity was initially detected soon after the tetrads began to break apart but before the microspores in the tetrads had completely separated. The transcription of the adh1 gene from the haploid genome must thus occur very soon after meiosis is completed. ADH activity increases at a constant rate thereafter until microspore mitosis when an increase in the rate takes place which lasts until generative cell division. Thereafter, there is a marked decrease in the rate of accumulation of ADH activity.
Homocysteine and Parkinson’s Disease: A Complex Relationship (2013)

The scientific literature contains a multitude of papers linking homocysteine to poor health. Elevated homocysteine levels have been linked to cardiovascular disorders, an increased risk of fractures in the elderly and to neurological conditions. Parkinson’s Disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. It is characterised primarily by the loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta leading to movement disorders. In vitro data has demonstrated a marked deleterious effect of homocysteine on the neurons that die in Parkinson’s. Yet population-based studies reveal mixed results as to whether or not elevated homocysteine is a risk factor for Parkinson’s development. Nonetheless it is well known that the use of levodopa to alleviate symptoms of Parkinson’s leads to hyperhomocysteinemia, and that patients with the highest levels of homocysteine deteriorate faster than those with lower homocysteine titres. Thus homocysteine is of clinical significance for Parkinson’s patients and a fuller understanding of its effects on neuronal biochemistry and function will lead to better strategies to maintain quality of life for Parkinson’s sufferers.
Tests of wireless wearable sensor system in joint angle measurement of lower limbs (2011)

The aim of this study was to test the wireless wearable sensor system consists of inertial sensors considering application to rehabilitation. The sensor system was evaluated in measurement of hip, knee and ankle joint angles with healthy subjects comparing to those measured with a 3D motion measurement system. Then, the lower limb joint angles of elderly subjects including paralyzed subjects were measured during gait on the level floor with the sensor system. Evaluation of measured joint angles in comparison with the motion measurement system showed that mean values of the RMSE were smaller than 4 deg for all the joint angles, and mean values of the correlation coefficient were larger than 0.985 for hip and knee joint angles and about 0.90 for ankle joint angle. In measurement with elderly subjects, the sensor system showed some differences in joint angles between the paralyzed and the non-paralyzed sides.
Nylon 7, ein faserbildendes Polyamid (1962)

Abstract 7‐Aminoheptansäureester lassen sich in vier Stufen aus ϵ‐Caprolacton darstellen. Diese Synthese zusammen mit einem einfachen Verfahren zur Polykondensation gibt die Möglichkeit zur großtechnischen Produktion von Nylon 7. Dieses Polyamid unterscheidet sich von Nylon 6 und 6.6 nur wenig, zeigt aber in einigen Eigenschaften (Naßfestigkeit, Elastizitätsmodul, Dehnungserholungsvermögen usw. nach dem Tempern in kochendem Wasser) ein etwas günstigeres Verhalten.
Integrated axial and tangential serpentine cooling circuit in a turbine airfoil (2023)

A continuous serpentine cooling circuit forming a progression of radial passages (44, 45, 46, 47A, 48A) between pressure and suction side walls (52, 54) in a MID region of a turbine airfoil (24). The circuit progresses first axially, then tangentially, ending in a last radial passage (48A) adjacent to the suction side (54) and not adjacent to the pressure side (52). The passages of the axial progression (44, 45, 46) may be adjacent to both the pressure and suction side walls of the airfoil. The next to last radial passage (47A) may be adjacent to the pressure side wall and not adjacent to the suction side wall. The last two radial passages (47A, 48A) may be longer along the pressure and suction side walls respectively than they are in a width direction, providing increased direct cooling surface area on the interiors of these hot walls.
Antitrypanosomal naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids and related compounds. (2003)

In view of the need to develop new drugs against human African trypanosomiasis, a series of naturally occurring naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, axially chiral acetogenic products derived from tropical plants, have been investigated for their activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei TC 221. Likewise compounds corresponding to the two molecular portions, the naphthalene and the isoquinoline parts were tested, as well as molecules related to the central biaryl core of the alkaloids. Among all compounds tested, the natural, genuine alkaloids themselves, in particular dioncophylline B with its biaryl system and a moderate number of free hydroxy functions, showed the highest activities. Our results demonstrate that naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids constitute an interesting novel class of antitrypanosomal compounds worth further optimization.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS FOR THE 3G IP MULTIMEDIA SUBSYSTEM (2007)

In this research work, we identify the key issues to improve the existing protocols in IMS for better system behaviour. The work is centred on the three services of IMS: (1) Presence Service, (2) Push-to-Talk over cellular and, (3) Instant Messaging and over the issue of (4) IMS session set up.
Cross-platform ad-insertion using HbbTV and MPEG-DASH (2016)

Increasing worldwide adoption of HbbTV (Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV) and MPEG-DASH enables new opportunities for broadcasters and advertisers. The work described here introduces the technical foundations to allow broadband-delivered (IP) ads into broadcast delivered live content using the standards HbbTV and VAST. IP-delivered display and video ads can overlay or complement instream broadcast ads. They allow a more efficient viewer targeting by considering user profiles and e.g. geographic information. In parallel to deliver broadcast ads to HbbTV devices, the work shows a way how to deliver the same media content and ad signals via Broadband in terms of over-the-top (OTT) using MPEG-DASH. MPEG-DASH allows to reach more platforms and devices, while benefiting from the advantages of HTTP adaptive streaming. The solution offers a Web-based tool to schedule ad events for HbbTV and OTT (MPEG-DASH) simultaneously. With companion screen support, which comes with HbbTV 2.0, even more advanced ad-insertion scenarios will be possible.
The Detection of Dust Storms Over Land and Water With Satellite Visible and Infrared Measurements (1974)

The position of a large area of dust was successfully located over the Sahara Desert and off the west coast of Africa with infrared measurements from the Temperature Humidity Infrared Radiometer (THIR) and visible information from the Image Dissector Camera System (IDCS) on Nimbus 4 between 20 and 25 April 1970. Over land, near midday, the dust areas were associated with lower equivalent blackbody temperatures (TBB's) than in the surrounding areas due to the mixing of the dust with the cooler air just above the surface. Near midnight dust areas appeared to be located where the TBB's were higher than the surrounding regions. The TBB contrast was insufficient for dust detection over the ocean, but the contrast in the visible was great enough to track the movement of the dust for several days off the African west coast. Measurements from the THIR 6.5–7.2 μm channel were useful for detecting the presence of cirrus clouds which could have caused a misinterpretation of the 10.5–12.5 μm TBB's.
Role of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Estimating Tumor Necrosis After Chemoembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2003)

Role of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Estimating Tumor Necrosis After Chemoembolization of Hepatocellular CarcinomaIhab R. Kamel1, David A. Bluemke1, Douglas Ramsey1, Mohammad Abusedera1, Michael Torbenson2, John Eng1, Gilberto Szarf1 and Jean-Francois Geschwind1Audio Available | Share
PARYLENE ELECTROTHERMAL MEMS DRUG DELIVERY VALVE (2008)

In the past decade, the applications of Parylene in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices have attracted significant attention especially for implantable drug delivery systems that integrate sensing, pumping, and valving1,2. These advanced drug delivery systems
A quantum machine learning algorithm based on generative models (2018)

Quantum computing and artificial intelligence, combined together, may revolutionize future technologies. A significant school of thought regarding artificial intelligence is based on generative models. Here, we propose a general quantum algorithm for machine learning based on a quantum generative model. We prove that our proposed model is more capable of representing probability distributions compared with classical generative models and has exponential speedup in learning and inference at least for some instances if a quantum computer cannot be efficiently simulated classically. Our result opens a new direction for quantum machine learning and offers a remarkable example where a quantum algorithm shows exponential improvement over classical algorithms in an important application field.
Computational Approach for Epitaxial Polymorph Stabilization through Substrate Selection (2016)

With the ultimate goal of finding new polymorphs through targeted synthesis conditions and techniques, we outline a computational framework to select optimal substrates for epitaxial growth using first principle calculations of formation energies, elastic strain energy, and topological information. To demonstrate the approach, we study the stabilization of metastable VO2 compounds which provides a rich chemical and structural polymorph space. We find that common polymorph statistics, lattice matching, and energy above hull considerations recommends homostructural growth on TiO2 substrates, where the VO2 brookite phase would be preferentially grown on the a-c TiO2 brookite plane while the columbite and anatase structures favor the a-b plane on the respective TiO2 phases. Overall, we find that a model which incorporates a geometric unit cell area matching between the substrate and the target film as well as the resulting strain energy density of the film provide qualitative agreement with experimental observations for the heterostructural growth of known VO2 polymorphs: rutile, A and B phases. The minimal interfacial geometry matching and estimated strain energy criteria provide several suggestions for substrates and substrate-film orientations for the heterostructural growth of the hitherto hypothetical anatase, brookite, and columbite polymorphs. These criteria serve as a preliminary guidance for the experimental efforts stabilizing new materials and/or polymorphs through epitaxy. The current screening algorithm is being integrated within the Materials Project online framework and data and hence publicly available.