gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
siRNA-mediated Allele-specific Silencing of a COL6A3 Mutation in a Cellular Model of Dominant Ullrich Muscular Dystrophy (2014)

Congenital muscular dystrophy type Ullrich (UCMD) is a severe disorder of early childhood onset for which currently there is no effective treatment. UCMD commonly is caused by dominant-negative mutations in the genes coding for collagen type VI, a major microfibrillar component of the extracellular matrix surrounding the muscle fibers. To explore RNA interference (RNAi) as a potential therapy for UCMD, we designed a series of small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligos that specifically target the most common mutations resulting in skipping of exon 16 in the COL6A3 gene and tested them in UCMD-derived dermal fibroblasts. Transcript analysis by semiquantitative and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR showed that two of these siRNAs were the most allele-specific, i.e., they efficiently knocked down the expression from the mutant allele, without affecting the normal allele. In HEK293T cells, these siRNAs selectively suppressed protein expression from a reporter construct carrying the mutation, with no or minimal suppression of the wild-type (WT) construct, suggesting that collagen VI protein levels are as also reduced in an allele-specific manner. Furthermore, we found that treating UCMD fibroblasts with these siRNAs considerably improved the quantity and quality of the collagen VI matrix, as assessed by confocal microscopy. Our current study establishes RNAi as a promising molecular approach for treating dominant COL6-related dystrophies.Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2014) 3, e147; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.74; published online 11 February 2014.
Evaluation of a New Etest for Detecting Metallo-β-Lactamases in Routine Clinical Testing (2002)

Several Etest (AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden) gradient formats were developed for detection of metallo-beta-lactamases based on the reduction of imipenem (IP) or ceftazidime (TZ) MICs in the presence of EDTA or 2-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA). The Etest metallo-beta-lactamase (Etest MBL) strips consisted of a double-sided seven-dilution range of IP or TZ (4 to 256 microg/ml) and IP or TZ (1 to 64 microg/ml) overlaid with a constant concentration of EDTA or MPA. The prototype strips were evaluated on several agar media (brain heart infusion agar, Isosensitest agar, nutrient agar, and Mueller-Hinton agar for aerobes and brucella blood agar for anaerobes) with 138 challenge strains: Acinetobacter spp. (n = 9), Aeromonas spp. (n = 8), Chryseobacterium spp. (n = 28), Escherichia coli (n = 1), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 4), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 14), Proteus mirabilis (n = 3), Serratia spp. (n = 10), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 43), Sphingobacterium spp. (n = 3), and Bacteroides fragilis group (n = 15). PCR analysis using specific primers for IMP-1, L1, CcrA, and bla(B/C) confirmed the presence of the metallo-beta-lactamase genes. Enzyme assays were also performed with IP as an indicator substrate followed by EDTA inhibition profiles. EDTA was found to be a better inhibitor of metallo-beta-lactamases, especially for anaerobes. IP was a better than TZ. Mueller-Hinton agar was the preferred medium, particularly when compared to Isosensitest agar, which frequently produced falsely low MICs for IP. Etest IP plus IP-EDTA with Mueller-Hinton agar had a sensitivity of 94% (79 of 84) and specificity of 95% (124 of 130). The Etest MBL strip appears to be an acceptable diagnostic reagent to detect metallo-beta-lactamase phenotypes in the clinical microbiology laboratory.
Soft Textural and Emulsifiable Gelatin Formed by Conjugating with Fatty-Acylated Saccharide (2008)

Ossein gelatin (OG) and low-molecular-weight ossein gelatin (LOG) were conjugated with a glucose/fructose stearic acid monoester (GE/FE), which had been prepared from the hydrolysate of a sucrose stearic acid diester, by the Maillard reaction to improve their physical properties. The molar ratio of each conjugate (GE/FE-OG or GE/FE-LOG) was about 1:1, and the conjugation resulted in a decreased isoelectric point. The GE/FE-OG gel showed a lower storage modulus, melting temperature, and enthalpy change than those for the OG gel at both the early and late stages of gelation, and each gel at pH 3.0 showed somewhat lower characteristics than those at pH 7.0. The conjugates acquired superior emulsifying ability, GE/FE-LOG in particular exhibiting markedly higher emulsifying ability in the acidic pH range, in the presence of NaCl, and over a wide temperature range. It is thus expected that conjugation with GE/FE could be effective for providing a new type of gelatin with a soft texture, easy melting, and emulsifying ability.
Preparation and Properties of Ethyl Vinyl Ketone and of Methyl Isopropenyl Ketone<sup>1</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Properties of Ethyl Vinyl Ketone and of Methyl Isopropenyl Ketone1Edward M. McMahon, John N. Roper Jr., William P. Utermohlen Jr., Robert H. Hasek, Raymond C. Harris, and Joseph H. BrantCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 9, 2971–2977Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01189a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01189a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1071Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On multipoint control units for videoconferencing (2002)

This paper examines the issues involved in the design of conference servers that support multiparty, multimedia conferences. These servers, called multipoint control units (MCUs) in the telephony world, coordinate the distribution of audio, video, and data streams amongst the multiple participants in a videoconference. The MCU is responsible for the processing of video and audio so that a conference participant can hear and see one or more of the other participants in the conference. It is also responsible for handling and forwarding the data streams from the participants. This paper presents different approaches to the design of an MCU to implement these functions. It also describes the design of a related device-a transcoding gateway that enables conferencing between participants using different video/audio equipment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the Foundations of Quantum Key Distribution - Reply to Renner and Beyond (2012)

In a recent note (arXiv:1209.2423) Renner claims that the criticisms of Hirota and Yuen on the security foundation of quantum key distribution arose from a logical mistake. In this paper it is shown that Renner misrepresents the claims of Yuen and also Hirota while adopting one main theorem of Yuen in lieu of his own previous error. This leads to his incoherent position which ignores quantitative security criterion levels that undermine the current security claims, a main point of the Yuen and Hirota criticisms. This security criterion issue has never been properly addressed in the literature and is here fully discussed, as are several common misconceptions on QKD security. Other foundational issues are touched upon to bring out further the present precarious state of quantum key distribution security proofs.
Information Practices of Literary Bloggers (2020)

In this article we present the results of an investigation that sought to ascertain the information practices of bloggers regarding their roles as readers, content producers, and reading mediators in the webrings - the social circles of bloggers - belonging the literary blogosphere. Since the research was qualitative and in depth, the methodology involved the use of netnography, which allowed an immersion in the literary blogosphere, using the documentary analysis and the semi-structured interview as data collection techniques. The results pointed out the information practices performed by the eight bloggers identified in the sample, which were listed in four categories: reading, identity, information actions, and interaction. Regarding the roles played by the bloggers in the literary blogosphere, it was identified that they act as readers and as content producers but are not considered mediators of reading, although they encourage reading on their blogs. The motivation of each blogger both to enter the literary blogosphere and to keep their blog active runs through personal matters that extend beyond the simple desire to share readings: the need to overcome shyness, to have an active voice, and to be heard by other people, as well as being able to express their own opinion about the readings, set an example for their children and keep them close, escape from loneliness, and the responsibility for editorial partnerships and blog readers. Regarding the formation of webrings, it was verified that they are formed both in virtual and in person, through literary events. However, the interaction between literary bloggers occurs predominantly in the virtual environment.
Focusing Effects in Interferometric Analysis of Graded-Index Optical Fibers (1975)

The effects of ray bending due to graded refractive-index profiles have been studied in relation to the measurement of optical-fiber refractive-index profiles by microscopic interferometric techniques. In particular, the wavefront curvature produced by a simple parabolic profile has been calculated analytically. It is concluded that profile measurements by currently used methods require samples for which the fiber thickness (length) is much less than the effective focal length of the fiber. For parabolic profile fibers with diameter d greater, similar 100 microm, this poses no problem; however, for small-core versions of this fiber, sample thicknesses of 10-15 microm may be required and an alternate measurement technique is described. Interferograms made on a Leitz transmitted-light interference microscope are included in illustrations.
Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds of Nitrogen. CXI (1958)

Quaternary salt of 4-picoline was condensed with aromatic aldehydes by the usual method to form 13 kinds of styryl-type dyes and was fused with formamidines to give seven kinds of aminovinyl-type dyes. Styryl-type dyes were also obtained by the reaction of pyridine-2- and -3-aldehydes respectively with 1-ethyl-4-picolinium iodide, 1-methylquinaldinium iodide, and 2, 3, 4-trimethylthiazolium iodide, and the dyes were converted to their haloalkyl derivatives. The majority of these dyes were submitted to antimicrobial tests with dehydroacetic acid and sorbic acid as the control.
Dual-Crosshatch Disk Array: A Highly Reliable Hybrid-RAID Architecture. (1995)

In this paper, we propose a highly reliable RAID architecture called a Dual-Crosshatch Disk Array. It uses the proposed interleaved 2d-parity scheme, a low overhead triple-erasure correcting parity organization. It is a hybrid approach of RAID-4 and RAID5 with one dedicated parity group and another parity group using block interleaved data and parity. The results obtained from simulations indicate that this architecture possesses extremely high reliability with low overheads, good degraded performance, and acceptable normal-mode performance. 1 Introduction To keep pace with the rapidly increasing processing power, disk array architectures have been proposed that can achieve high I/O capacity and performance. Disk array storage systems, such as Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) level-5 data organization [1], provide fault tolerance against disk drive failures, and are cost-effective and have good run-time performance. However, a storage subsystem consists of more than just d...
EFFECTS OF A NOVEL FENTANYL DERIVATIVE ON DRUG DISCRIMINATION AND LEARNING IN RHESUS MONKEYS (1998)

Behavioural Pharmacology publishes original research reports in diverse areas, ranging from ethopharmacology to the pharmacology of schedule-controlled operant behaviour, provided that their primary focus is behavioural. Topics include drug, chemical, and hormonal effects on behaviour, the neurochemical mechanisms underlying behaviour, and behavioural methods for the study of drug action. Both animal and human studies are published. Studies reporting neurochemical data have a predominantly behavioural focus, and human studies do not consist exclusively of clinical trials or case reports. Submitted articles undergo a preliminary review by the editor. Some articles may be returned to authors without further consideration. Those being considered for publication will undergo further assessment and peer-review by the editors and those invited to do so from a reviewer pool. Preference is given to studies that demonstrate and develop the potential of behavioural methods, and to papers reporting findings of direct relevance to clinical problems.
Aural Interfaces to Databases Based on VoiceXML (2002)

As part of a general framework for the development of global information systems, we include support for the development of aural interfaces. The framework uses an object-oriented database for the management of application, document content and presentation data. The access layer is based around an XML server and XSLT for document generation from default and customised templates. Specifically, aural interfaces are supported through a VoiceXML server that provides the speech recognition and synthesis mechanisms, together with XSLT templates for the generation of VoiceXML. In this paper, we describe the implementation of a generic voice browser for application databases as well as the development of a customised aural interface for a community diary managing appointments and events.
Elektrophile α‐Amidoalkylierungen mit Enamiden nach einem neuen Aktivierungsverfahren mit <i>O</i>,<i>O</i>′‐Dimethyldithiophosphorsäure (1993)

Abstract Durch Pd‐C‐katalysierte Doppelbindungsisomerisierung werden aus den Allylamiden 3 die Enamide 4 dargestellt. 4a ‐ d und 10 werden in einer elektrophilen α‐Amidoalkylierungsreaktion mit dem Silylenolether 6 zu den Amidoketonen 8a ‐ d und 12 umgesetzt. Die Enamide werden dabei durch Umsetzung mit O , O ′‐Dimethyldithiophosphorsäure ( 5 ) und SnCl 4 aktiviert.
Electroabsorption and electrooptic effect in SiGe-Si quantum wells: realization of low-voltage optical modulators (1997)

We have calculated the behavior of the band-to-band absorption coefficient in square, coupled, and graded bandgap Si/sub 0.6/Ge/sub 0.4/-Si quantum wells as a function of the transverse electric field. It is seen that due to the weak confinement of the electrons (/spl Delta/E/sub c//spl les/20 meV) the absorption of photons with energy equal to the interband transition energy can be reduced at very small values of the transverse electric field. This phenomenon lends itself to the design of efficient amplitude modulators. In addition, the resulting change in the refractive index is also large and the corresponding linear electrooptic coefficient is calculated to be as large as 1.9/spl times/10/sup -10/ m/V in square wells. This effect could prove to be the basis for the realization of efficient Si-based electrooptic modulators. Device designs are discussed.
Architecture and migration of an epithelium on a cylindrical wire (2015)

In a wide range of epithelial tissues such as kidney tubules or breast acini, cells organize into bidimensional monolayers experiencing an out-of-plane curvature. Cancer cells can also migrate collectively from epithelial tumors by wrapping around vessels or muscle fibers. However, in vitro experiments dealing with epithelia are mostly performed on flat substrates, neglecting this out-of-plane component. In this paper, we study the development and migration of epithelial tissues on glass wires of well-defined radii varying from less than 1 µm up to 85 µm. To uncouple the effect of out-of-plane curvature from the lateral confinement experienced by the cells in these geometries, we compare our results to experiments performed on narrow adhesive tracks. Because of lateral confinement, the velocity of collective migration increases for radii smaller than typically 20 µm. The monolayer dynamics is then controlled by front-edge protrusions. Conversely, high curvature is identified as the inducer of frequent cell detachments at the front edge, a phenotype reminiscent of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. High curvature also induces a circumferential alignment of the actin cytoskeleton, stabilized by multiple focal adhesions. This organization of the cytoskeleton is reminiscent of in vivo situations such as the development of the trachea of the Drosophila embryo. Finally, submicron radii halt the monolayer, which then reconfigures into hollow cysts.
Active Immunization of Gilts against Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone: Effects on Secretion of Gonadotropins, Reproductive Function, and Responses to Agonists of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone1 (1985)

Sexually mature gilts were actively immunized against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by conjugating GnRH to bovine serum albumin, emulsifying the conjugate in Freund's adjuvant, and giving the emulsion as a primary immunization at Week 0 and as booster immunizations at Weeks 10 and 14. Antibody titers were evident by 2 wk after primary immunization and increased markedly in response to booster immunizations. Active immunization against GnRH caused gonadotropins to decline to nondetectable levels, gonadal steroids to decline to basal levels, and the gilts to become acyclic. Prolactin concentrations in peripheral circulation were unaffected by immunization against GnRH. The endocrine status of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis was examined by giving GnRH and two agonists to GnRH and by ovariectomy. An i.v. injection of 100 micrograms GnRH caused release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in control animals, but not in gilts immunized against GnRH. In contrast, administration of 5 micrograms D-(Ala6, des-Gly-NH2(10] ethylamide or 5 micrograms D-(Ser-t-But6, des-Gly-NH2(10] ethylamide resulted in immediate release of LH and FSH in both control and GnRH-immunized gilts. Circulating concentrations of LH and FSH increased after ovariectomy in the controls, but remained at nondetectable levels in gilts immunized against GnRH. Prolactin concentrations did not change in response to ovariectomy. We conclude that cyclic gilts can be actively immunized against GnRH and that this causes cessation of estrous cycles and inhibits secretion of LH, FSH, and gonadal steroids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Kinetic Separation Methodology for the Stereoselective Synthesis of (<i>E</i>)- and (<i>Z</i>)-α-Fluoro-α,β-unsaturated Esters via the Palladium-Catalyzed Carboalkoxylation of 1-Bromo-1-fluoroalkenes (2002)

[reaction: see text] Methodology for the stereoselective preparation of both (E)- and (Z)-alpha-fluoro-alpha,beta-unsaturated esters is described. 1-Bromo-1-fluoroalkenes (E/Z approximate 1:1) can be isomerized to high E/Z ratio mixtures, which participate in palladium-catalyzed carboalkoxylation and lead to (Z)-alpha-fluoro-alpha,beta-unsaturated esters in high stereoselectivity. The same starting material can also be kinetically reduced to get an E/Z ratio of 0:100; similar carboalkoxylation reaction at 70 degrees C affords (E)-alpha-fluoro-alpha,beta-unsaturated esters stereospecifically.
Head Coverings in the Courtroom: A Question of Respect for the Judge or of Judicial Tolerance? (2016)

The Human Rights Centre at Ghent University (the HRC) first initiated the present research while preparing an amicus curiae brief in the Lachiri v. Belgium case before the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The applicant in Lachiri, who was a civil party in legal proceedings concerning the murder of her brother, was denied access to a Brussels courtroom after refusing to remove her Islamic headscarf . Ms. Lachiri’s admission was refused in reliance on Article 759 of the Belgian Judicial Code (Gerechtelijk Wetboek/ Code Judiciaire), which provides that “[t]he audience will attend the sessions with their heads uncovered, respectfully and silently; whatever the judge commands for the maintenance of order will be punctually and immediately executed.” In its third-party intervention, the HRC sought to supply the ECtHR with additional information concerning three points: the debate on the wearing of Islamic headscarves in Belgium, the history, object and purpose of Article 759 of the Belgian Judicial Code, and the scope of the State margin of appreciation in prohibiting religious items of clothing.
Synergy between Androgen Receptor Antagonism and Inhibition of mTOR and HER2 in Breast Cancer (2017)

The androgen receptor (AR) is widely expressed in breast cancer, and evidence suggests dependence on AR signaling for growth and survival. AR antagonists such as enzalutamide and seviteronel have shown success in preclinical models and clinical trials of prostate cancer and are currently being evaluated in breast cancer. Reciprocal regulation between AR and the HER2/PI3K/mTOR pathway may contribute to resistance to HER2- and mTOR-targeted therapies; thus, dual inhibition of these pathways may synergistically inhibit breast cancer growth. HER2<sup>+</sup> and triple-negative breast cancer cell lines were treated with AR antagonist plus anti-HER2 mAb trastuzumab or mTOR inhibitor everolimus. Apoptosis, cell proliferation, and drug synergy were measured <i>in vitro</i> Pathway component genes and proteins were measured by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and reverse phase protein array. <i>In vivo</i>, HER2<sup>+</sup> breast cancer xenografts were treated with enzalutamide, everolimus, trastuzumab, and combinations of these drugs. AR antagonists inhibited proliferation of both HER2<sup>+</sup> and TNBC cell lines. Combining AR antagonist and either everolimus or trastuzumab resulted in synergistic inhibition of proliferation. Dihydrotestosterone caused increased phosphorylation of HER2 and/or HER3 that was attenuated by AR inhibition. Everolimus caused an increase in total AR, phosphorylation of HER2 and/or HER3, and these effects were abrogated by enzalutamide. Growth of trastuzumab-resistant HER2<sup>+</sup> xenograft tumors was inhibited by enzalutamide, and combining enzalutamide with everolimus decreased tumor viability more than either single agent. AR antagonists synergize with FDA-approved breast cancer therapies such as everolimus and trastuzumab through distinct mechanisms. Treatment combinations are effective in trastuzumab-resistant HER2<sup>+</sup> breast cancer cells <i>in vivo</i><i>Mol Cancer Ther; 16(7); 1389-400. ©2017 AACR</i>.