gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of acrylic based latex blend coatings (2000)

Abstract A complete characterization of the mechanical properties of acrylic based latex blend coatings comprising hard (T g = 45°C) and soft (T g = −5°C) phases is presented. Although clear and transparent in appearance, these blends remain phase separated through the entire range of compositions based on their hard phase content. Blends with less than 50% hard phase (soft blends) show a typical rubber‐like behavior with large elongation to break and low stiffness, whereas those with more than 50% hard phase (hard blends) exhibit a progressively glassy behavior. The values of effective Young's moduli and Poisson's ratios lie within the bounds calculated from Hashin‐Shtrikman models and exhibit a sigmoidal shaped profile as a function of composition, in close agreement with the solutions of Hill‐Budiansky equations. These results, along with interpretations based on a percolation theory, indicate that a phase inversion to a continuous hard matrix from the soft one occurs around 30–40% hard phase content, a conclusion further supported by scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surfaces.
Novel Approaches to Deliver Gemcitabine to Cancers (2008)

Univ. Paris-Sud XI, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR CNRS 8612, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex, France. patrick.couvreur@u-psud.fr The objective of this review is to discuss the strategies adopted to improve the delivery of gemcitabine to tumors. Concomitant research in this area has implemented a wide variety of approaches such as, aerosolized formulations, prodrug conjugates, liposomes, nanoparticles and beads. Some of these strategies were also aimed at overcoming the rapid metabolization and drug resistance associated with gemcitabine. Aerosolized formulations were employed to treat the local tumors, while other approaches were aimed at the systemic therapy of cancers. The liposomal formulations considerably increased the half-life and the area under the curve (AUC) of gemcitabine, and simultaneously caused a marked improvement in the anticancer activity against experimental solid tumors developed orthotopically or at subcutaneous site. Alternatively, the prodrug conjugates of gemcitabine displayed considerable activity in vivo against various tumors. Especially, in the case of leukemia in which gemcitabine was demonstrated to be inactive, the lipidic conjugates displayed marked efficiency following systemic and oral administration. These conjugates induced greater apoptosis and also caused resistance reversal in the resistant leukemia types. Altogether, the delivery strategies adopted for gemcitabine led to a considerable improvement in the treatment of cancers at the preclinical stage, and some of them are potential candidates for clinical trials.
Deleterious effects of oxygen radicals in ischemia/reperfusion. Resolved and unresolved issues. (1989)

Oxygen free radicals are known to be generated during periods of ischemia followed by reperfusion. There is still some controversy, however, concerning the use of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to accurately detect and identify the free radical species that are formed. There is no doubt that oxygen radicals are deleterious to the myocardium; free radicals cause left ventricular dysfunction and structural damage to myocytes and endothelial cells in both in vitro and in vivo preparations. Potential sources of these cytotoxic oxygen species include the xanthine oxidase pathway, activated neutrophils, mitochondria, and arachidonate metabolism, yet the crucial source of free radicals in the setting of ischemia and reperfusion is unresolved. There is little doubt that oxygen radicals play a role in the phenomenon of stunned myocardium induced by brief periods of ischemia followed by reperfusion; numerous studies have consistently observed that pretreatment with free radical scavengers and antioxidants enhances contractile function of stunned, postischemic tissue. Whether oxygen free radical scavengers administered only during reperfusion enhance recovery of stunned myocardium in models of brief ischemia remains to be determined. In models of prolonged ischemia (2 hours) followed by reperfusion, we have not observed a beneficial effect of scavengers on stunned myocardium. The issue of whether oxygen free radical scavengers are capable of reducing so-called irreversible or lethal reperfusion injury remains, in our opinion, unresolved. Although some studies have observed that agents such as superoxide dismutase and catalase reduce infarct size in ischemia and reperfusion models, many others have reported negative results. Additional studies will be needed to resolve this ongoing controversy. Oxygen free radicals may also contribute to reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in rodent heart preparations; however, less data are available in other animal models. The concept of reperfusion injury should not be considered a deterrent to reperfusion for the treatment of acute myocardial infarcts in the clinical setting. Thrombolytic therapy reduces myocardial infarct size, enhances recovery of left ventricular function, and improves survival. Whether incremental beneficial effects on these parameters will be obtained when oxygen radical-scavenging agents are used as adjuvant therapy to thrombolysis in patients remains to be determined.
Visually stressful striped patterns alter human visual cortical functional connectivity (2017)

Visually stressful striped patterns with a spatial frequency (SF) of around 3 cycles per degree (cpd) can induce perceptual illusions/distortions and visual discomfort in most people, headaches in patients with migraine, and seizures in patients with photosensitive epilepsy. Patterns with SF ∼0.3 cpd have no such effects and are not uncomfortable to look at (non-stressful). The effects of the striped patterns on visual cortical activation have been investigated, but their effects on the visual cortical network remain to be studied. A prolonged visual stimulation with stressful patterns may alter the functional connections within the visual system, and their relationship with other networks. Using resting-state fMRI, this study revealed that the functional connections within the visual system were significantly enhanced by visually stressful stimulation. The functional connectivity between V1 and other brain regions was also significantly modified. Non-stressful stimulation produced no such significant effects. More importantly, the effects outlasted the stimulation, and this applied both to those effects within and those beyond the visual cortex, suggesting that repeated prolonged visual stimulation with stressful patterns may alter functional connections of the brain and this might be utilized as a visual neuromodulation approach for treatments of visually triggered headaches in migraine patients and visually induced seizures in patients with photosensitive epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5474-5484, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fibre-mediated physiological effects of raw and processed carrots in humans (1994)

Fibre-mediated physiological effects of raw and processed carrots were investigated in twenty-four young women under strict dietary control in two randomized crossover studies. For 3 weeks between 405 and 688 g of either raw frozen, blanched or canned carrots (first study), or raw or raw frozen carrots (second study) were consumed in addition to a low-fibre basal diet. Carrots provided 15 g dietary fibre (DF)/d. Total DF intake was 16.0 to 19.0 g (control periods) and 31 to 34 g (experimental periods). Faecal bulking effects of raw and processed carrots were similar (between 2.4 and 3.7 g additional stool/g carrot fibre in the diet). Faecal excretion of dry matter, fibre, and protein also increased significantly during carrot consumption. Fermentability of carrot fibre constituents was high (91-94%) and independent of processing, in spite of differences in the distribution of soluble and insoluble fibre and in the texture of raw and processed carrots. There was no effect of either type of carrot on serum total and high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol or on faecal bile acid excretion.
Inhibition of A/Human/Hubei/3/2005 (H3N2) influenza virus infection by silver nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo (2013)

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted much attention as antimicrobial agents and have demonstrated efficient inhibitory activity against various viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and Tacaribe virus. In this study, we investigated if AgNPs could have antiviral and preventive effects in A/Human/Hubei/3/2005 (H3N2) influenza virus infection. Madin-Darby canine kidney cells infected with AgNP-treated H3N2 influenza virus showed better viability (P<0.05 versus influenza virus control) and no obvious cytopathic effects compared with an influenza virus control group and a group treated with the solvent used for preparation of the AgNPs. Hemagglutination assay indicated that AgNPs could significantly inhibit growth of the influenza virus in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (P<0.01 versus the influenza virus control). AgNPs significantly reduced cell apoptosis induced by H3N2 influenza virus at three different treatment pathways (P<0.05 versus influenza virus control). H3N2 influenza viruses treated with AgNPs were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and found to interact with each other, resulting in destruction of morphologic viral structures in a time-dependent manner in a time range of 30 minutes to 2 hours. In addition, intranasal AgNP administration in mice significantly enhanced survival after infection with the H3N2 influenza virus. Mice treated with AgNPs showed lower lung viral titer levels and minor pathologic lesions in lung tissue, and had a marked survival benefit during secondary intranasal passage in vivo. These results provide evidence that AgNPs have beneficial effects in preventing H3N2 influenza virus infection both in vitro and in vivo, and demonstrate that AgNPs can be used as potential therapeutics for inhibiting outbreaks of influenza.
Human speckle perception threshold for still images from a laser projection system (2014)

We study the perception of speckle by human observers in a laser projector based on a 40 persons survey. The speckle contrast is first objectively measured making use of a well-defined speckle measurement method. We statistically analyse the results of the user quality scores, revealing that the speckle perception is not only influenced by the speckle contrast settings of the projector, but it is also strongly influenced by the type of image shown. Based on the survey, we derive a speckle contrast threshold for which speckle can be seen, and separately we investigate a speckle disturbance limit that is tolerated by the majority of test persons.
Electrospinning of Poly[acrylonitrile<i>‐co‐</i>(glycidyl methacrylate)] Nanofibrous Mats for the Immobilization of <i>Candida Antarctica</i> Lipase B (2010)

Abstract PANGMA nanofibers and nanomats with fiber diameters of 200–300 nanometers were fabricated by electrospinning. Cal‐B was covalently immobilized onto the PANGMA nanomats via three different immobilization routes. The properties of the Cal‐B‐immobilized PANGMA nanomats were assayed and compared with the free Cal‐B. The observed Cal‐B loading on these nanomats is up to ≈50 mg · g −1 , and their hydrolytic activity is up to ≈2 500 nmol · min −1 · mg −1 , much higher than free enzyme powder and also slightly higher than Novozyme 435. Cal‐B immobilized PANGMA nanomats have better reusability, thermal stability, and storage ability than free Cal‐B. They retain over 50% of their initial activity after 15 cycles, over 65% after 10 h heat incubation, and over 75% after 30 d storage. magnified image
Thermal Conductivity of Nine Polyatomic Gases at Low Density (1990)

We present a complete set of easily programmable computer algorithms, and a set of numerical tables, for the thermal conductivities of the nine gases: N2, O2, NO, CO, CO2, N2O, CH4, CF4, and SF6. This complements our earlier corresponding-states work on the equilibrium and transport properties of these gases [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 16, 445 (1987); 17, 255 (1988)]. The results embrace the temperature range from T*=kT/ε=1 up to a nominal upper limit of 3000 K. The accuracy achieved is specified, and the correlation can be used in a predictive mode.
Application of the TIMI Risk Score for ST-Elevation MI in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 3 (2001)

Sufficiently simple to be practical at the bedside and effective for risk assessment across a spectrum of patients, the TIMI risk score may be useful in triage and treatment of patients with STEMI who are treated with reperfusion therapy.
A divided/shared bit-line sensing scheme for ULSI DRAM cores (1991)

A new dynamic RAM (DRAM) signal sensing principle, a divided/shared bit-line (DSB) sensing scheme, is proposed. This sensing scheme provides folded bit-line sensing operation in a crosspoint-type memory cell array. The DSB scheme offers a high-density DRAM memory core with the common-mode array noise eliminated. A bit-line architecture based on this new sensing principle and its operation are demonstrated. A divided/pausing bit-line sensing (DIPS) scheme, which is an application of this DSB principle to the conventional folded bit-line type of memory cell arrangement, is also proposed. The DIPS architecture achieves complete pausing states for alternate bit lines throughout the active period. These alternate pausing bit lines shield the inter-bit-line coupling noise between active bit lines. Here the inter-bit-line coupling noise is eliminated by a slight architectural change to the conventional folded bit-line memory cell array. These new memory core design alternatives provide high-density DRAM memory cores suitable for the 64-Mb level and beyond. with the memory array noise reduced significantly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enabling safety-critical wireless communication using WirelessHART and PROFIsafe (2010)

Two major trends can be recognized in industrial automation. One of them is that Ethernet is replacing traditional fieldbus networks continuously, because it combines flexibility, reliability, and introduces fast data rates, which allow beside others quality of services. This is pushed even further when field devices use wireless communication to connect to the control system. Beside that another trend is seen in functional safety due to rising customer demands and evolving regulations in industry. That leads necessarily to a consolidation of both technologies, where safety must be guaranteed in the same manner over wireless channels as it is handled over Ethernet. This paper addresses safety issues emerging when PROFIsafe, as one of various safety protocols on the market, is used on top of a black channel layer, that is comprized of non-safe protocols including WirelessHART.
A Review of Ranibizumab for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy (2017)

Ranibizumab has become a frequently used first-line therapy for the treatment of DME. Emerging data suggest that it may become an important treatment for DR and PDR.
Crystallization kinetics of β‐phase poly(propylene) (1992)

Abstract Crystal growth rates of spherulites of β‐phase poly(propylene)s and of an ethylene/propene block copolymer, crystallized from the melt, have been investigated in the temperature range of 122 to 146°C. On the basis of the regime theory, a transition between regime II and III is found at Δ T ≈ 37–43,5 K. The nucleation constant for β‐phase poly(propylene)based on the current theory of crystal growth was determined, and the fold surface free energy of β‐phase poly(propylene) was estimated from the nucleation constant for different samples to lie between 48,2 and 55,2 erg/cm 2 (1 erg = 10 −7 J).
Antenna polarisation adjustment for microstrip patch antennas using parasitic elements (2015)

A novel and simple approach to adjust the polarisation properties of a microstrip patch antenna in the entire axial ratio (AR) range is proposed. The proposed antenna consists of a radiating patch and a parasitic strip separated into two parts, and the separated strip is placed at the outer perimeter of the patch for capacitive coupling. This structure enables the antenna to induce opposite‐direction currents on the strip, which allows flexible polarisation adjustment by moving the separated positions of the strip. For evaluation, two antennas with linear and circular polarisations are fabricated, and their performance is measured in a full anechoic chamber. The results prove that the proposed approach is suitable for flexible AR adjustment without a significant degradation of the matching characteristics and the design complexity.
The Methamphetamine Problem in the United States (2010)

Significant public health problems associated with methamphetamine (MA) production and use in the United States have emerged over the past 25 years; however, there has been considerable controversy about the size of the problem. Epidemiological indicators have provided a mixed picture. National surveys of the adult U.S. population and school-based populations have consistently been used to support the position that MA use is a relatively minor concern. However, many other data sources, including law-enforcement groups, welfare agencies, substance abuse treatment program admissions, criminal justice agencies, and state/county executives indicate that MA is a very significant public health problem for many communities throughout much of the country. In this article, we describe (a) the historical underpinnings of the MA problem, (b) epidemiological trends in MA use, (c) key subgroups at risk for MA problems, (d) the health and social factors associated with MA use, (e) interventions available for addressing the MA problem, and (f) lessons learned from past efforts addressing the MA problem.
KRITIK TERHADAP KATA â€œAGAMAâ€ PADA â€œKUESIONER RIWAYAT KESEHATAN & PERNYATAAN DONORâ€ DI PALANG MERAH INDONESIA KOTA SURABAYA UNIT DONOR DARAH (2015)

Abstrak:Â Adanya kata â€œagamaâ€ Pada â€œKuesioner Riwayat Kesehatan & Pernyataan Donorâ€ bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan. Palang Merah Indonesia Kota Surabaya menciptakan suatu norma yang bertentangan dengan asas kesesuaian antara jenis, hierarki, dan materi muatan. Sebagai jalan keluar yaitu Palang Merah Indonesia Kota Surabaya wajib menghapus kata â€œagamaâ€ pada â€œKuesioner Riwayat Kesehatan & Pernyataan Donorâ€ di setiap tingkatan. Pemerintah wajib menghilangkan unsur-unsur agama dalam hal pelayanan publik seperti kelahiran dan kematian. Menghilangkan agama dalam hal ini memiliki arti bahwa agama tidak dapat dijadikan alasan pembenar ketika masyarakat membutuhkan hak-haknya seperti yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Penjelasan Pasal 90 ayat (3) UU No. 36-2009 wajib dipahami bahwa Tuhan yang dimaksud adalah milik seluruh makhluk hidup. Hal ini sesuai ajaran umat Buddha yaitu sabbe satta bhavantu sukhitatta.Kata kunci: Tuhan, agama, keadilan, pendonor darah.
A new risk factor for neonatal vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus colonisation: bacterial probiotics (2014)

Probiotic and vancomycin exposure were significant risk factors for VRE colonisation. The acquisition and transfer of resistance genes of bacteria may be mediated by probiotics. Therefore, the safety of probiotics is a concern and should be investigated further.
CNE, a collagen-binding protein of<i>Streptococcus equi</i> (2003)

Streptococcus equi subspecies equi is an important horse pathogenic bacterium causing a serious disease called strangles. Using bioinformatics we identified a gene denoted cne (gene encoding collagen-binding protein from S. equi) coding for a novel potential virulence factor of this species called protein CNE. The protein is composed of 657 amino acids and has the typical features found in cell surface-anchored proteins in Gram-positive bacteria. CNE displays amino acid sequence similarities to the previously well-studied collagen-binding protein CNA from Staphylococcus aureus, a proven virulence factor in septic arthritis. Based on similarity to CNA the structure of the mature CNE protein can be divided into an N-terminal A domain and a C-terminal B domain. The highest similarity between CNA and CNE is found in the A domains. The A domain in CNA is known to be the collagen-binding domain. Two parts of cne were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and ligated into an expression vector, and recombinant CNE proteins were produced in Escherichia coli. The purified CNE proteins were shown to display collagen-binding activity in a Western ligand blot and to inhibit collagen binding to cells of subsp. equi and to CNE-coated microtitre wells. Furthermore, the A domain of CNE was sufficient for binding collagen, and was shown to compete for the same site on collagen as CNA in inhibition studies. Using PCR, the cne gene was detected in all studied strains of subsp. equi and S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus.
Adaptive IPM-based lane filtering for night forward vehicle detection (2011)

This paper presents a new vision-based vehicle detection method for Forward Collision Warning System (FCWS) at nighttime. Also, lane detection is performed for assistance. To effectively extract the bright objects of interest, an essential image preprocessing including the tone mapping, contrast enhancement and adaptive binaryzation is applied in the nighttime road scenes. The characteristics of taillights in gray-level image are extracted by night vehicle detection method, and the resulted taillight candidates are verified by their corresponding red-component which results from R and B color channels. The taillight candidates to be performed with pairing algorithm are filtered by our proposed adaptive lane boundaries on the basis of Inverse Perspective Mapping (IPM). In addition, we proposed a new detecting scheme which performs the detecting algorithm on two Region of Interest (ROI) defined by different size each time. The computing burden is then reduced because vehicle detection does not have to be performed on the entire image. Finally, relative distance and Time To Collision (TTC) are estimated to warn the inappropriate driving behavior of the driver. The proposed night vehicle detection which integrates lane detection has successfully implemented in ADI-BF561 600MHz dual-core DSP.
Dynamic stiffness of spin valves (2003)

The dynamics of the magnetic order parameters of ferromagnet/paramagnet/ferromagnet spin valves and isolated ferromagnets may be very different. We investigate the role of the nonequilibrium spin-current exchange between the ferromagnets in the magnetization precession and switching. We find a (low-temperature) critical current bias for a uniform current-induced magnetization excitation in spin valves, which unifies and generalizes previous ideas of Slonczewski and Berger. In the absence of an applied bias, the effect of the spin transfer can be expressed as magnetic-configuration-dependent Gilbert damping.