gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on anti-asthmatic and anti-anaphylactic activity of Albizzia lebbeck (1977)

The effects of the decoction of the bark and flower of Albizzia lebbeck were studied for its anti-asthimatic and anti-anaphylactic activity. The decoctions protected the guinea pig against histamine as well as acetylcholine induced broncho-spasm. Chronic treatment with the bark decoction has also protected the sensitized guinea pigs against antigen challenge. However, the drug has no significant effect on the rat mesenteric mast cell count and has not protected the mast cell from the disruption induced by compound 48/80. The drug inhibited the rate of disruption of mast cells induced by antigen in sensitized albino rats. It has no effect on the adrenal. thymus and spleen weight as well as adrenal ascorbic acid but the cholesterol content was significantly reduced. The antiasthmatic and antianaphylactic actvities of the drug cannot be wholly due to smooth muscle relaxant, antihistamine or antispasmodic activity nor are mediated through stability of mast cells or adrenal gland. The effect seems to be due to inhibition of phenomenon of sensitisation.
Hamming-Clustering method for signals prediction in 5′ and 3′ regions of eukaryotic genes (1996)

More than 1000 poly-A signals have been extracted from EMBL database rel. 42 and used to build the training and the test set. A full set of the eukaryotic genes (1252 entry) from the Eukaryotic Promoter Database (EPD rel. 42) have been used for the TATA-box signal and transcription network approach. The results show the applicability of the Hamming-Clustering method to functional signal prediction.
Changes in Levels of Salivary Sodium and Potassium Associated with the Mustering of Beef Cattle (1965)

During the course of some studies of body water in grazing steers (Post and Jenkins, unpublished data), some observations were made of salivary sodium (Na) and potassium (K) to investigate possible associations. The parotid salivary sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratio has been proposed as an index of the secretion of electrolyte-active steroids (Goding and Denton 1957, 1959; Denton, Goding, and Wright 1959).
Focused and divided attention in stereoscopic depth (1990)

Two experiments are described which examine the effect of distance in the depth plane, as defined operationally by binocular disparity, on focused and divided attention. In both experiments, disparity was manipulated with a Tektronix stereoscopic 3D display system. In Experiment 1 (focused attention), 10 subjects classified letter stimuli presented at zero disparity. The targets were surrounded, either vertically or horizontally, by two irrelevant stimuli. The distractors were presented at 7 different depth planes relative to the target (i.e., 3 in front, 3 behind, and 1 at the same depth). The distractors showed evidence of being processed when at the same depth plane as the central relevant stimulus, but diminished processing when presented at different depth planes. This pattern of data provides evidence for a fairly "narrow" attentional bandwidth in depth, for focused attention. In Experiment 2 (divided attention), 8 subjects performed a one-axis pursuit tracking task at 0 disparity, while concurrently responding to stimuli presented immediately below, and at 5different depth planes (1 at the same disparity as the tracking task, 2 in front of, and 2 behind the tracking display). While there was considerable interference between the two tasks, there was no evidence that this interference was modulated by similarity of depth when the depth plane of stimulus presentation was known in advance (i.e., was "blocked"). These results suggest that in divided attention, where stimulus location is known in advance, the attentional bandwidth in depth is sufficiently broad to accommodate the same range of depth planes over which filtering had been observed in focused attention. When however the depth plane was randomized and unpredictable, evidence for a depth gradient of divided attention was found. The results are discussed in terms of attentional theory and the usefulness of stereoscopic displays.
Taxation of foreign funds managed in SA : residence-based taxation (2013)

A look at the carve-out for foreign funds which have active South African investment managers.
Introduction to Chlamydomonas and its laboratory use (2009)

Dr. Harris has played a major role in the development of this organism as a model system. Her previous version of the Chlamydomonas Sourcebook which published in 1989, has been a classic in the field and is considered required reading for anyone working with this organism. This latest edition has been expanded to include three volumes providing molecular techniques, analysis of the recently sequenced genome, and reviews of the current status of the diverse fields in which Chlamydomonas is used as a model organism. Methods for Chlamydomonas research and best practices for applications in research, including methods for culture, preservation of cultures, preparation of media, lists of inhibitors and other additives to culture media, are included. Additions to this volume also include help with common laboratory problems such as contamination, student demonstrations, and properties of particular strains and mutants. This volume is part of a 3-Volume Set (ISBN: 978-0-12-370873-1) and is also sold individually. * Expanded revision of gold standard reference * Includes latest advances in research, including completion of the genome * Provides broad perspective with studies in cell and molecular biology, genetics, plant physiology and related fields * Available as part of a 3-Volume Set or sold individually
Cardiac Steroids Induce Changes in Recycling of the Plasma Membrane in Human NT2 Cells (2004)

Cardiac steroids (CSs) are specific inhibitors of Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity. Although the presence of CS-like compounds in animal tissues has been established, their physiological role is not evident. In the present study, treatment of human NT2 cells with physiological concentrations (nanomolar) of CSs caused the accumulation of large vesicles adjacent to the nucleus. Experiments using N-(3-triethylammonium propyl)-4-(dibutilamino)styryl-pyrodinum dibromide, transferrin, low-density lipoprotein, and selected anti-transferrin receptor and Rab protein antibodies revealed that CSs induced changes in endocytosis-dependent membrane traffic. Our data indicate that the CS-induced accumulation of cytoplasmic membrane components is a result of inhibited recycling within the late endocytic pathway. Furthermore, our results support the notion that the CS-induced changes in membrane traffic is mediated by the Na+, K(+)-ATPase. These phenomena were apparent in NT2 cells at nanomolar concentrations of CSs and were observed also in other human cell lines, pointing to the generality of this phenomenon. Based on these observations, we propose that the endogenous CS-like compounds are physiological regulators of recycling of endocytosed membrane proteins and cargo.
Earth Observations in Social Science Research for Management of Natural Resources and the Environment: Identifying the Landsat Contribution (2008)

This paper surveys the peer-reviewed social science literature in which Landsat data are used to inform public policy in managing natural resources and the environment. The paper differentiates articles in which methodology is developed (for example, developing and testing algorithms or demonstrating how data could be used) and articles in which data are applied for decisionmaking or policy implementation. The studies surveyed in this paper are selected from a wide range of publications within the social sciences. Selection uses social science-oriented bibliographic search indices. Searching the social science literature leads to identification of applications of Landsat by a community of experts unlikely to be identified by surveys or overviews of the Landsat program. Surveys and overview studies have tended to target researchers specializing in remote sensing or photogrammetry rather than researchers drawn from the social sciences. The usefulness of Landsat data as a basis for public investment in the Landsat program is underestimated in the absence of recognizing this body of research.
Heart mitochondrial function in chronic experimental diabetes in rats. (1985)

Diabetes was introduced in rats by an intravenous injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Animals were sacrificed 8 weeks later and mitochondria were isolated from the ventricular tissue by differential centrifugation. The state 3 respiration, oxidative phosphorylation rate and Mg2+-dependent ATPase activities were depressed in mitochondria from diabetic hearts. These changes were partially reversible upon 2 weeks of insulin and fully reversible after 4 weeks of insulin therapy. Mitochondrial calcium uptake but not calcium binding, was decreased in diabetes and this change was fully reversible by 2 weeks of insulin administration. The observed alterations in mitochondrial function could not be explained on the basis of any changes in mitochondrial lipid and protein composition or subcellular contamination. These results indicate the presence of a generalized depression in mitochondrial function in chronic diabetes and such a defect is suggested to contribute in the development of cardiomyopathy at late stages of diabetes.
Biochemical Basis of Hepatocellular Injury (1996)

The hepatotoxic response elicited by a chemical agent depends on the concentration of the toxicant (parent compound or metabolite) delivered to the hepatocytes across the liver acinus via blood flow. Hepatotoxicants produce characteristic patterns of cytolethality in specific zones of the acinus due to the differential expression of enzymes and the concentration gradients of cofactors and toxicant in blood across the acinus. Most hepatotoxic chemicals produce necrosis, characterized by swelling in contiguous tracts of cells and inflammation. This process has been contrasted with apoptosis, where cells and organelles condense in an orderly manner under genetic control. Biotransformation can activate a chemical to a toxic metabolite or decrease toxicity. Quantitative or qualitative species differences in biotransformation pathways can lead to significant species differences in hepatotoxicity. Fasted rodents are more susceptible to the hepatotoxic effects of many chemicals due to glutathione depletion and cytochrome P-450 induction. Freshly isolated hepatocytes are the most widely used in vitro system to study mechanisms of cell death. Hepatotoxicants can interact directly with cell macromolecules or via a reactive metabolite. The reactive metabolite can alkylate critical cellular macromolecules or induce oxidative stress. These interactions generally lead to a loss of calcium homeostasis prior to plasma membrane lysis. Mitochondria have been shown to be important cellular targets for many hepatotoxicants. Decreasing hepatocellular adenosine triphosphate concentrations compromise the plasma membrane calcium pump, leading to increased cellular calcium concentrations. Calcium-dependent endonucleases produce double-strand breaks in DNA before cell lysis. These biochemical pathways induced by necrosis-causing toxicants are similar to the biochemical pathways involved in apoptosis, suggesting that apoptosis and necrosis differ in intracellular and extracellular control points rather than in the biochemistry involved in cell death.
The search for treatments to reduce chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (2013)

Oxaliplatin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent, is associated with both acute and chronic neurotoxicity. Chronic sensory neuropathy can be dose limiting and may have detrimental effects on patients' quality of life. Preclinical studies provide an understanding of the pathophysiology of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and may be important for developing effective preventative interventions. In this issue of the JCI, Coriat and colleagues used an animal model and a human pilot trial to evaluate the use of mangafodipir to reduce CIPN. Although many pilot clinical studies have reported promising data, larger clinical trials have repeatedly been unable to confirm these preliminary results. Thus, no agents are currently clinically recommended for the prevention of CIPN.
Effectiveness and tolerability of sevelamer in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients (2016)

Introduction: Hyperphosphatemia is also known as a silent killer among patients with renal failure. Objectives: The objectives of this investigation was to assess the efficiency and tolerability of sevelamer in hyperphosphatemia in Pakistani patients on regular hemodialysis. Patients and Methods: A total of 59 dialysis individuals (age >18 years), from both genders, on regular hemodialysis with phosphate level more than 5.5 mg/dL, not on any phosphate binders was enrolled to the study. All the patients received sevelamer 400 mg orally in a dose depending on their baseline serum phosphorus level. Patients received the treatment for duration of 8 weeks. All the patients were followed and investigated for the efficacy and safety variables on fortnightly basis. Results: The mean (± SD) age of all the enrolled patients was 42.2 (±6.4) years. The mean (±SD) serum phosphorus was reduced significantly to 6.70 (±0.86) mg/dL, 6.00 (±0.64) mg/dL, 5.30 (±0.87) mg/dL and 4.97 (±0.91) mg/dL on day 15 (P < 0.0001), 30 (P < 0.0001), 45 (P < 0.0001) and day 60 (P < 0.0001) respectively. The mean (SD) serum total cholesterol was also reduced non-significantly to 193.9 (±15.6) mg/dL, significantly to 192.1 (±15.9) mg/dL, to 190.6 (±17.0) mg/dL and to 188.1 (±16.3) mg/dL on day 15 (P = 0.085), day 30 (P = 0.003), day 45 (P < 0.0001), and on day 60 (P < 0.0001) respectively. Conclusion: Our study showed a significant reduction in mean serum phosphorus and total cholesterol, in patients on hemodialysis. Therefore, sevelamer is a safe drug for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in our clinical settings.
Establishing normal reference ranges for prostate volume change with age in the population‐based Krimpen‐study: Prediction of future prostate volume in individual men (2007)

This method establishes normal prostate volume values by age using prostate volume history in men without prostate cancer. The model provides baseline data from which disease progression might be detected.
Tissue temperature in rabbits during application of heat-evolving pad. (1979)

Novel heat-evolving pads were prepared and applied to the back of rabbits to measure the temperatures of the skin surface, subcutaneous tissue (about 3 mm in depth), muscle (about 8 mm in depth) under the applied area and the rectum. The application of the pad caused an increased in the skin surface temperature, which was accompanied with an increase in the subcutaneous and muscular temperature. When the pads immediately after initiation of heat evolution were applied, the skin surface, subcutaneous tissue and muscle reached the respective plateau temperatures of about 43, , 42 and 41°C in 40 minutes. These temperatures were maintained for 1.5 to 2.0 hours. When the pads 30 minutes after initiation of heat evolution were applied, the skin surface, subcutaneous and muscular temperatures were increased to the respective plateau temperatures only in 20 minutes.
A hardware accelerator for speech recognition algorithms (1986)

This paper describes two custom architectures tailored to a speech recognition beam search algorithm. Both architectures have been simulated using real data and the results of the simulation are presented. The paper also describes the design process of the custom architectures and presents a number of ideas on the automatic design of custom systems for data dependent computations.
Preparation of Developing and Adult <em>Drosophila</em> Brains and Retinae for Live Imaging (2010)

The Drosophila brain and visual system are widely utilized model systems to study neuronal development, function and degeneration. Here we show three preparations of the brain and visual system that cover the range from the developing eye disc-brain complex in the developing pupae to individual eye and brain dissection from adult flies. All protocols are optimized for the live culture of the preparations. However, we also present the conditions for fixed tissue immunohistochemistry where applicable. Finally, we show live imaging conditions for these preparations using conventional and resonant 4D confocal live imaging in a perfusion chamber. Together, these protocols provide a basis for live imaging on different time scales ranging from functional intracellular assays on the scale of minutes to developmental or degenerative processes on the scale of many hours.
Crowdsourced Urban Package Delivery (2017)

Crowdsourced shipping presents an innovative shipping alternative that is expected to improve shipping efficiency, increase service, and decrease cost to the customer, and such shipping promises to enhance the sustainability of the transportation system. This study collected data on behavioral responses to choose from available crowdsourced shipping jobs. The goal of the study was to measure the potential willingness of individuals to change status from pure commuters to traveler–shippers. In particular, the study quantified potential crowdsourced shippers’ value of free time, or willingness to work (WTW) in a hypothetical scenario in which crowdsourced shipping jobs were available in a variety of settings. This WTW calculation is unique compared with the traditional willingness to pay (WTP) in that it measured the trade-off of making a profit and giving up time instead of spending money to save time. This work provides a foundation to analyze the application and effectiveness of crowdsourced shipping by exploring the WTW propensity of ordinary travelers. The analysis was based on a newly developed stated preference survey and analyzed choice across three potential shipping jobs and the option to choose none of the three (i.e., the status quo). Results showed that the experiment was successful in recovering reasonable WTW values that are higher than the normal WTP metrics. The results also identified many significant sociodemographic variables that could help crowdsourced shipping companies better target potential part-time drivers.
A novel mesoporous material for uranium extraction, dihydroimidazole functionalized SBA-15 (2012)

Due to the rapid development of the nuclear power industry, and consequently, the nuclear accident in Fukushima, much attention has been paid to novel materials for the efficient and rapid separation, removal and recovery of nuclear fuel associated radionuclides from aqueous solutions. Herein, a novel mesoporous material, dihydroimidazole functionalized SBA-15 (DIMS), was synthesized via a post-grafting method and used as an efficient sorbent for the extraction of U(VI) from aqueous solution. The synthesized material was found to possess highly ordered mesoporous structures with a large surface area and a uniform pore diameter. The sorption tests under various conditions demonstrated that the sorption of U(VI) by DIMS was fast, with an equilibrium time of less than 10 min. Additionally, the maximum sorption capacity reached 268 mg g−1 at pH 5.0 ± 0.1. Changes in the solid-to-liquid ratio (msorbent/Vsolution) did not have any remarkable effect on the U(VI) sorption. Besides, the sorbed U(VI) can be easily desorbed by 0.01 mol L−1 or more concentrated HNO3 solution, resulting in a U(VI) solution with a concentration factor of 300 at a solid–liquid ratio as low as 0.013 g L−1. The reclaimed sorbent can be reused with no obvious decrease in the sorption capacity. The selectivity of the DIMS sorbent for U(VI) ions was found to be fairly desirable by the sorption tests with the solutions containing a range of competing metal ions.
Statistical Analysis of Past Catalytic Data on Oxidative Methane Coupling for New Insights into the Composition of High‐Performance Catalysts (2011)

Abstract A database consisting of 1870 data sets on catalyst compositions and their performances in the oxidative coupling of methane was compiled. For this goal, about 1000 full‐text references from the last 30 years have been analyzed and about 420 of them, which contained all the necessary information, were selected for the data extraction. The accumulated data were subject to statistical analysis: analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and decision tree. On the basis of the results, 18 catalytic key elements were selected from originally 68 elements. All oxides of the selected elements, which positively affect the selectivity to C 2 products, show strong basicity. Analysis of binary and ternary interactions between the selected key elements shows that high‐performance catalysts are mainly based on Mg and La oxides. Alkali (Cs, Na) and alkaline‐earth (Sr, Ba) metals used as dopants increase the selectivity of the host oxides, whereas dopants such as Mn, W, and the Cl anion have positive effects on the catalyst activity. The maximal C 2 selectivities for the proposed catalyst compositions range from 72 to 82 %, and the respective C 2 yields range from 16 to 26 %.
Adaptively Canceling Server Fan Noise Principles and Experiments with a Short Duct and the AD73522 dspConverter (2000)

In the past, when one thought of noise in the workplace, heavy industrial noise usually came to mind. Excessive noise of that type can be damaging to the health of the worker. Today, at a much lower level, though not as severe a health hazard in office
Approaches to chemoprevention of lung cancer based on carcinogens in tobacco smoke. (1997)

Chemoprevention may be one way to prevent lung cancer in smokers who are motivated to quit but cannot stop. The approach to chemoprevention of lung cancer described in this article is based on an understanding of the lung carcinogens present in tobacco smoke. The available data indicate that the compounds in cigarette smoke most likely involved in the induction of lung cancer in humans are the complex of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons typified by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). A large number of compounds are now available that inhibit lung tumorigenesis by B[a]P or NNK in rodents. Inhibition of NNK-induced lung carcinogenesis by phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) and inhibition of B[a]P-induced lung carcinogenesis by benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) are discussed as examples. Studies with PEITC in rodents clearly demonstrate that it inhibits NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis by inhibiting the metabolic activation of NNK. Similar changes appear to occur in humans according to data generated in smokers who ate watercress, a source of PEITC. It is likely that mixtures of chemopreventive agents with activity against carcinogens in tobacco smoke, such as NNK and B[a]P, will be useful in chemoprevention of lung cancer in smokers. Furthermore, there is a need to develop suppressing agents for lung cancer that might be applicable in both smokers and ex-smokers.
Code density optimization for embedded DSP processors using data compression techniques (1998)

Code-size minimization in embedded systems is an important problem because code size directly affects production cost. We address the problem of code compression in systems with embedded DSP processors. We use data-compression methods to develop code-size minimization strategies. In our framework, the compressed program consists of a skeleton and a dictionary. We show that the dictionary can be computed by solving a set-covering problem derived from the original program. We also address performance considerations, and show that they can be incorporated easily into the set-covering formulation. Experimental results are presented.