gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heparan Sulfate Is Required for Embryonic Stem Cells to Exit from Self-renewal (2009)

Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) must select between alternative fates of self-renewal and lineage commitment at each division during continuous proliferation. Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly sulfated polysaccharide and is present abundantly on the ESC surface. In this study, we investigated the role of HS in ESC self-renewal by examining Ext1(-/-) ESCs that are deficient in HS. We found that Ext1(-/-) ESCs retained their self-renewal potential but failed to transit from self-renewal to differentiation upon removal of leukemia inhibitory factor. Furthermore, we found that the aberrant cell fate commitment is caused by defects in fibroblast growth factor signaling, which directly retained high expression of the pluripotency gene Nanog in Ext1(-/-) ESCs. Therefore, our studies identified and defined HS as a novel factor that controls ESC fate commitment and also delineates that HS facilitates fibroblast growth factor signaling, which, in turn, inhibits Nanog expression and commits ESCs to lineage differentiation.
Effects of enzymes in fibre-enriched baking (1998)

The aim of the present study was to improve the quality of fibre-enriched wheat breads by enzymic treatment of the fibre fraction. The suitability of different enzymes in fibre-enriched baking and their effects on the dietary fibre content and the ratio of insoluble: soluble fibre content of the breads were studied. The enzyme preparations used were a hemicellulolytic culture filtrate of Trichoderma reesei, a specific (pI 9) xylanase of T reesei and Fermizyme, an α-amylase preparation containing a standardised level of hemicellulase activity. Rye bran was extracted in water (10% (w/w) suspension) to determine the solubilities of the β-glucans and pentosans. Addition of T reesei culture filtrate significantly increased the amount of extractable pentosan obtained from nonautoclaved rye bran. Rye bran supplementation (5%) of wheat flour increased the farinograph absorption and dough development time, but had little or no effect on stability and softening of the dough. The added enzymes decreased dough stability and increased softening. Addition of enzymes caused significant differences in the stickiness of the wheat doughs both with (P<0·003) and without (P<0·001) rye bran. Fermizyme significantly increased the stickiness of wheat doughs both with and without rye bran. The baking results of the fibre-enriched breads were improved by the added enzymes. Addition of T reesei culture filtrate increased the specific volume of the wheat breads both with and without rye bran by almost 20%. Enzyme mixtures were more efficient than individual xylanase in softening the bread crumb and reducing the staling rate of wheat breads both with and without rye bran. Incorporation of enzymes reduced the total dietary fibre content of the breads, but at least doubled the amount of soluble pentosan. The proportions of fluorescent cell walls in the breads were detected by microscopical image analysis. Enzyme addition caused the surface area of insoluble cell walls originating from wheat flours to decrease, suggesting that the enzymes exert more effects on wheat endorsperm cell walls than on bran particles. © 1998 SCI.
Magnetic properties of MnAlGe and related compounds (1985)

MnAlGe is a ferromagnet with a unique crystal structure including two-dimensional arrays of Mn atoms in it. In order to find the magnetic properties characteristic of this structure, magnetic and electric measurements were made for Mn0.9M0.1AlGe (M:Mn, Cr, Fe) and MnGaGe. It has been found that the susceptibility above the Curie temperature (TC) does not obey the Curie–Weiss law over the very wide temperature range. Obtained susceptibility vs temperature curves are well expressed by a formula χg=C/(T−θa)γ with a composition dependent parameter γ ranging from about 1.3 to 1.5. In MnAlGe the formula with γ=1.49 holds in the whole temperature range from just above TC (=503 K) to Tt (=853 K, a temperature of solid-state transition). The Curie temperature of Mn1−xMxAlGe(x≤0.2) varies monotonically when they are plotted against the averaged number of d electrons per transition-metal atom. The temperature dependencies of saturation magnetization and electric resistivity were also measured for these specimens.
Inflatable Deployable Space Structures Technology Summary (1998)

There has been limited in inflatable deployable space structures since the 1950's due to their potential for low cost flight hardware, exceptionally high mechanical packaging efficiency, deployment reliability and low weight.
Tetrakis(arylisocyanide) Rhodium(I) Salts in Water: NIR Luminescent and Conductive Supramolecular Polymeric Nanowires with Hierarchical Organization (2010)

Fish out of water: Amphiphilic tetrakis(2,6-xylylisocyanide)rhodium(I) complexes can self-assemble in water, through RhI⋅⋅⋅RhI and hydrophobic interactions, into ultralong crystalline nanowires and in turn hierarchically organize into a variety of ordered micro- and macrostructures. These solution-processable organometallic superstructures are luminescent in the near-infrared (NIR) region and are electrically conducting. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Multi-platform document-oriented GUIs (2009)

In recent years, increasing complexity of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) of applications has led to problems in GUI management, since there is no single layout to fulfill every user’s needs. GUI editors have been developed to enhance end-user options but they commonly fail to preserve personalized GUIs. This paper presents an extension to the GUI editor built into the Auckland Layout Model (ALM) that can permanently store user-defined GUI layouts and reproduce them on different platforms. A novel technique called the document-oriented approach has been exploited to empower end-user customization, which allows GUI layouts to be dynamically edited, saved using a standardized XML-based GUI description language, and loaded in a platform-independent manner.
Assessment of pulmonary vasculature and right heart by invasive haemodynamics and echocardiography (2009)

Understanding the haemodynamical profile of the right ventricle and pulmonary circulation is critical to not only the initial evaluation of, but also the continued management of pulmonary hypertension. Despite advances in non-invasive imaging techniques, right heart catheterisation (RHC) remains the gold standard for diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension and its various causes. Even so, integration of invasive haemodynamical data with the echo-Doppler exam provides the most comprehensive assessment of the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension in the individual patient. Here, we review technical aspects of basic RHC as well as specialised procedures including exercise and fluid challenge in the evaluation of pulmonary hypertension. Interpretation of data in the context of pulmonary vascular disease is discussed. Echocardiographical assessment of the right ventricular structure and function in pulmonary vascular disease are discussed along with the integration of haemodynamical and echocardiographical data in the clinical context.
Thermal Denaturation of DNA Exposed to 2450 MHz CW Microwave Radiation (1973)

Thermal denaturation curves of DNA solutions exposed to 2450 MHz CW microwave radiation have been compared to control curves. Control and exposed solutions were maintained at the same temperature. No difference in the curves could be detected for an absorbed microwave power density of $94 {\rm mW}/{\rm cm}^{2}$.
Antioxidants and cataract: (Cataract induction in space environment and application to terrestrial aging cataract) (1997)

The effect of several antioxidants and cysteine-elevating precursor drugs (prodrugs) was tested on lens damage occurring after in vitro exposure to low levels of 60Co-gamma-irradiation, to simulate in vitro the exposure to radiation in vivo of (1) astronauts (2) jet crews (3) military radiation accident personnel. Tocopherol (100 microM), ascorbic acid (1 mM), R-alpha-lipoic acid (1 mM), and taurine (0.5 mM) protected against radiation-associated protein leakage. MTCA and ribocysteine protected lenses against opacification, LDH and protein leakage, indicating that antioxidants and prodrugs of cysteine appear to offer protection against lens damage caused by low level radiation.
The development of a computer model to optimize the performance of a 50kWp photovoltaic system (1986)

A computer model has been developed to optimize the performance of a 50kWp photovoltaic system which supplies electrical energy to a dairy farm at Fota Island in Cork Harbour. Optimization of the system involves maximising the efficiency and increasing the performance and reliability of each hardware unit. The model accepts horizontal insolation, ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction and load demand as inputs. An optimization program uses the computer model to simulate the optimum operating conditions. From this analysis, criteria are established which are used to improve the photovoltaic system operation. This thesis describes the model concepts, the model implementation and the model verification procedures used during development. It also describes the techniques which are used during system optimization. The software, which is written in FORTRAN, is structured in modular units to provide logical and efficient programming. These modular units may also be used in the modelling and optimization of other photovoltaic systems.
Intense Light Bursts in the Stimulated Raman Effect (1966)

Received 14 November 1966DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.17.1275©1966 American Physical Society
Genomic diversifications of five Gossypium allopolyploid species and their impact on cotton improvement (2020)

Abstract Polyploidy is an evolutionary innovation for many animals and all flowering plants, but its impact on selection and domestication remains elusive. Here we analyze genome evolution and diversification for all five allopolyploid cotton species, including economically important Upland and Pima cottons. Although these polyploid genomes are conserved in gene content and synteny, they have diversified by subgenomic transposon exchanges that equilibrate genome size, evolutionary rate heterogeneities and positive selection between homoeologs within and among lineages. These differential evolutionary trajectories are accompanied by gene-family diversification and homoeolog expression divergence among polyploid lineages. Selection and domestication drive parallel gene expression similarities in fibers of two cultivated cottons, involving coexpression networks and N 6 -methyladenosine RNA modifications. Furthermore, polyploidy induces recombination suppression, which correlates with altered epigenetic landscapes and can be overcome by wild introgression. These genomic insights will empower efforts to manipulate genetic recombination and modify epigenetic landscapes and target genes for crop improvement.
FPGA implementation of a vehicle detection algorithm using three-dimensional information (2008)

This paper presents a vehicle detection algorithm using 3-dimensional(3D) information and its FPGA implementation. For high-speed acquisition of 3D information, feature- based stereo matching is employed to reduce search area. Our algorithm consists of some tasks with high degree of column- level parallelism. Based on the parallelism, we propose area- efficient VLSI architecture with local data transfer between memory modules and processing elements. Images are equally divided into blocks with some columns, and a block is allocated to a PE. Each PE performs the processing in parallel. The proposed architecture is implemented on FPGA (Altera Stratix EP1S40F1020C7). For specifications of image size 640 times 480, 100 frames/sec, and operating frequency 100 MHz, only 11,000 logic elements (< 30%) are required for 30 PEs.
Comparative studies of oxygen adsorption on GaAs(110) surfaces with ultrathin aluminum and cesium overlayers (1979)

The oxidation of GaAs(110) surfaces is found to be profoundly influenced by the deposition of very thin metal overlayers. However, the Fermi energy pinning at the interfaces is only slightly influenced by the oxidation of the metal overlayer and semiconductor. Aluminum and cesium covered surfaces are investigated using soft x rays (SXPS). Oxygen uptake by the Al and Cs overlayers is much more rapid than by the bare GaAs surface. Oxidation of the GaAs through the Al overlayer occurs more slowly than for the bare surface. In strong contrast to the aluminized surface, oxygen was found to bond to surface As atoms on the cesiated surface with 106 times faster uptake compared to the bare surface. These results are important in the context of GaAs passivation, Schottky barriers, negative electron affinity (NEA) photocathodes, and metal oxidation processes.
Nanocrystalline Aggregation of Serine Detected by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry:  Origin of the Stable Homochiral Gas-Phase Serine Octamer (2002)

Electrospray ionization sampling of 0.01 M solutions of serine reveals an unusually abundant protonated serine octamer, which demonstrates a strong preference for homochirality. Ion mobility spectra yield an experimental cross section that is consistent with a single “cubic” structure. Density functional theory calculations support experimental observations which suggest that the structure of the serine octamer is closely related to and formed from a small subsection of the crystal structure of anhydrous serine. The formation, bonding, and experimental constraints placed on the serine octamer are discussed in light of the proposed nanocrystalline structure. The mass spectra of the analogous molecules threonine and homoserine exhibit several similar features with that of serine and the likely structures for the octameric species are compared with that of the serine octamer. Finally, implications for the spontaneous symmetry breaking of a racemic mixture and the origin of life are addressed.
Founder and Recurrent CDH1 Mutations in Families With Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (2007)

Recurrent CDH1 mutations in families with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer are due to both independent mutational events and common ancestry. The presence of a founder mutation from Newfoundland is strongly supported.
Influenza and Bacterial Pathogen Coinfections in the 20th Century (2011)

To help understand the potential impact of bacterial coinfection during pandemic influenza periods, we undertook a far-reaching review of the existing literature to gain insights into the interaction of influenza and bacterial pathogens. Reports published between 1950 and 2006 were identified from scientific citation databases using standardized search terms. Study outcomes related to coinfection were subjected to a pooled analysis. Coinfection with influenza and bacterial pathogens occurred more frequently in pandemic compared with seasonal influenza periods. The most common bacterial coinfections with influenza virus were due to S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. Of these, S. pneumoniae was the most common cause of bacterial coinfection with influenza and accounted for 40.8% and 16.6% of bacterial coinfections during pandemic and seasonal periods, respectively. These results suggest that bacterial pathogens will play a key role in many countries, as the H1N1(A) influenza pandemic moves forward. Given the role of bacterial coinfections during influenza epidemics and pandemics, the conduct of well-designed field evaluations of public health measures to reduce the burden of these common bacterial pathogens and influenza in at-risk populations is warranted.
Low-Field Microwave Phenomena in CoFeSiB Amorphous Magnetic Microwires (2009)

Metallic microwires with ferromagnetic nature and amorphous structure have been prepared by rapid solidification and drawing. Their alloy composition and thickness, 1 to 30 micron diameter, can be tailored to exhibit outstanding properties. Particularly, non-magnetostrictive CoFeSiB alloy microwires exhibit giant-magnetoimpedance effect while FeSiB alloy microwires show quite large Barkhausen magnetic jump. These properties make them very useful as sensing elements in particular magnetic, stress or temperature sensor devices. After presenting the general characteristics of investigated microwires, we introduce and analyse novel results about microwave absorption phenomena of such microwires in the low-DC field regime ( units or tens of Oe). We have used two alternative techniques: i) Absorption measurements as a function of DC applied low-field using a spectrometer operating at X-band frequency of 9.8 GHz, and ii) Ferromagnetic resonance measurements in a network analyzer in the frequency range up to 20 GHz for different DC applied fields. The interpretation of results obtained by combination of the two techniques confirm that low-field microwave phenomena are associated with the low-field magnetization processes observed at low-frequency, which are determined by the particular magnetic anisotropy present in the microwires. This conclusion is similar to giant magnetoimpedance phenomena typically observed at lower frequency range. Results are also discussed in terms of the suitability to extend the working frequency to employ these microwires as sensing elements up to the gigahertz range.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of a Trihydroxylated Indolizidine Alkaloid, 1-Deoxycastanospermine (1997)

An efficient and novel process is described for the asymmetric synthesis of (6S,7R,8R,8aR)-6,7,8-trihydroxyindolizidine alkaloid, 1-deoxycastanospermine in 22% overall yield based on the C2-imide featuring the completely stereoselective reduction of an α-hydroxypyrrolidine intermediate elaborated through asymmetric deoxygenation of a quaternary α-hydroxylactam.
Abrasive and corrosive behaviors of Cu-Zr-Al-Ag-Nb bulk metallic glasses (2009)

The present work investigated effects of Nb (1-5 at.%) on CuZrAlAg bulk metallic glasses. The addition of Nb did not change the amorphous structure but affected the thermal behaviors significantly. The corrosion resistances of the BMGs with addition of 5 at% Nb in 0.5 N H2SO4 solutions was the best among the samples. Pin-on-disk measurements showed that the hardest sample, viz. the one with 3 at% Nb exhibited the best wear resistance. Mechanical properties were also investigated using a nanoindentation technique. It was found that the addition of Nb may improved corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the Cu-based BMG, but not in a simple and systematic manner.
[Evaluation of biocompatibility on titanium-zicornium alloy]. (2001)

In this study, the general toxicity tests including cytotoxicity, haemolysis and oral mucous irratation of the Ti-Zr alloy were investigated. The results showed the level of cytotoxicity was grade 0, the haemolysis degree was 0.15% and no histomorphologic change was observed in the animals of Ti-Zr alloy groups. These data indicate that Ti-Zr alloy has good biocompatibility as a dental material.
Instrumentation for measuring cardiac output by direct Fick method during liquid ventilation. (1981)

A closed-circuit fluorocarbon oxygenation system was designed and incorporated into an existing liquid breathing system (LBS) to allow measurement of an animal's oxygen consumption during liquid ventilation. This enabled simultaneous determination of cardiac output by the direct Fick method. A series of seven in-vivo experiments were conducted in which the oxygen consumption and cardiac output of adult cats (2.3 +/- 0.1 kg body wt SEM) were measured during both spontaneous gas breathing (Fio2 = 0.80 in the control animals) and fluorocarbon liquid (FC-80) ventilation using the LBS. On conversion to liquid ventilation, cardiac output and oxygen consumption were found to decrease significantly, by 40% (P less than 0.02) and 18.6% (P less than 0.05), respectively, from control values for gas breathing. Use of the closed-loop fluorocarbon oxygenation system provided for total recovery of vaporized fluorocarbon (greater than 750 ml/h) and of oxygen (18 liter/min STPD), which were otherwise discarded in previous experiments with liquid ventilation.
The effect of adrenergic suppression induced by guanabenz administration on exercising Thoroughbred horses (2006)

Guanabenz administration induced signs of adrenergic suppression including plasma cortisol and adrenaline concentrations and heart rate and may enhance endurance, but did not eliminate increases in hormone concentrations induced by exercise. Clear determination of a positive performance effect of adrenaline, but not noradrenaline, suppression is needed before clinical significance can be determined.
Fuel Cell Systems (1969)

NASA's fuel-cell program spans the range from basic research to hardware. University grants cover studies of potentials of zero charge, deactivation of catalysts with time, differences between chemical and electrochemical catalysis, porous electrodes, and basics of biochemical fuel cells. Basic engineering research concerns pulsed operation of fuel cells with mechanical pulsing. Applied research on heat and masstransfer device includes dual-membrane fuel cell, one with aqueous caustic electrolyte retained in an asbestos matrix, and an inorganic membrane. Two kinds of regenerative systems are being investigated—an electrolytically regenerative hydrogen-oxygen cell and a thermally regenerative potassium concentration cell. The ion-exchange-membrane power package for Gemini and the molten KOH system for Apollo are well under way.
Condensation of Formaldehyde with Compounds Containing Activated Hydrogens (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensation of Formaldehyde with Compounds Containing Activated HydrogensJ. T. Hays, G. F. Hager, H. M. Engelmann, and H. M. SpurlinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 11, 5369–5373Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1951https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01155a102RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views599Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (578 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts