gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[P‐193]: T‐817MA, a newly developing anti‐Alzheimer's agent, protects neurons and recovers memory impairment in amyloid B‐infused rats and P301L tau‐mutated mice (2005)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal loss and subsequent collapse of neural network. Currently, acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (AChEI) and an NMDA receptor antagonist are clinically available for symptomatic treatment of AD. However, no drugs have ever shown delaying and eventually preventing disease progression. To overcome these situations, a neurotrophic agent T-817MA was screened based on both of in vitro neuroprotection and neurite outgrowth promotion. This agent is currently developed to achieve prevention of AD progress. We employed two kinds of animal models, amyloid β (Aβ)-infused rats and P301L tau-mutated mice, to reveal the neurotrophic properties of T-817MA. Aβ infusion model: Aβ(1-40) was infused into rat left cerebroventricle using a back-implanted mini osmotic pump. Cognitive dysfunction was assessed by Y-maze task, and cell death was assessed by counting of granule cells in hippocampal dentate gyrus. T-817MA was orally administered once daily. Mutant tau transgenic mice: P301L tau-mutated mice were commercially obtained, and applied T-817MA via drinking water from 13 weeks of age. Neuronal cell death was assessed by spinal cord motorneuron counting, and synaptic damage was assessed by synaptophysin-immunostaining in hippocampus. Cognitive dysfunction was assessed by Y-maze task. T-817MA revealed the marked pharmacological potency in the two kinds of animal models, which involve two major hallmarks of AD, Aβ and tau protein. Hippocampal neuronal cell death gradually deteriorated from about 10 days after the initiation of continuous Aβ infusion, which was in parallel with cognitive dysfunction assessed by Y-maze. T-817MA markedly protected the neuronal cell death and cognitive dysfunction. Interestingly, even when its administration was started from 8 weeks after the Aβ infusion, T-817MA provided significant recovery of once declined cognitive function, while the existing AChEI did not work in the same paradigm. Tau mutation-caused cell death and memory loss in P301L mice were also drastically preserved by T-817MA continuous administration. Several in vitro experiments using cultured neuronal cells also support the animal experiments mentioned above. These marked and differentiated potentials that T-817MA possesses make it possible to bring a novel therapeutic approach into clinical applications.
Evaluating pharmacokinetics and toxicity of luminescent quantum dots (2013)

Although the toxicity and pharmacokinetics of different luminescent QDs have been investigated, most of these studies have focused on the behaviors of II B-VI A and III A-V A QDs in rodents. Investigations of the IV A QDs are still in an early stage. One other shortcoming in the current research is the lack of different animal models, especially primates, which are needed in addition to the current rodent models.
Uberveillance and the Internet of Things and people (2014)

Historically telecommunications companies have measured voice and data traffic for reasons related to service dimensioning and engineering management. Today, personalised devices make it possible to understand not only requirements for the capacity needed in a network environment, but household and individual usage patterns. This has changed the way that companies now market their products and services and sell direct to individual or groups of consumers. Beyond marketing is the intimate knowledge gathered of why people do things, inferred by pattern-of-life data and metadata. This is precise knowledge of customer behaviours, traits, habits and characteristics. Of the most pervasive devices is the smart phone which is carried by most consumers, young and old, everywhere they go. Coupled with additional self-disclosed data in social media, corporations now know a great deal more about people than prior to the mobile Internet revolution. Digital chronicles automatically generated using rich onboard sensors on smartphones gather streams of historical user-based data every single day. The end result is that time-based digital chronicles are now being used to proactively profile individuals and households for more than just telecommunications engineering. The Internet of Things promises even greater connectedness as individual items begin to come alive on a global network each with their respective IP address. Big data will soon be able to reveal patterns and trends that were previously incalculable. Humans in actual fact have become akin to mobile network access nodes, as they move around going about their business, quantified with a variety of measures. We will seek even greater levels of scrutiny in the not-too-distant future heralding in an age of uberveillance. We now know much more about consumers than traditional call holding times and the location of an individual user in a mobile network. Through evidence we know what consumers are thinking, how they are feeling, and even what they will do next with a high degree of accuracy. Embedded surveillance devices will likely replace clunky mobile and wearable handsets and headsets which will introduce an ability to transcend physical boundaries. This paper will define uberveillance and discuss the limits of connectedness when convenience overrides efficiency. What are the social implications to consumers when companies can exploit the intimate knowledge they collect for more than just service availability?
Modified Slot-Loaded Multi-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna (2003)

In this paper, a triple-band planar antenna is proposed for the application to miniaturized automobile safety devices operating at X band(10.5 GHz), K band(24.15 GHz), and Ka band(34.3 GHz). The frequency ratio between the resonant frequencies of this antenna can be adjusted from 1.99 to 2.23 for both X band and K band by varying its slit length. Parasitic elements are added on the modified slot loaded antenna to obtain the third resonance. From numerical as well as experimental results, it has been confirmed that this type of antenna is appropriate for planar multi-band antenna systems.
Early Self-Regulatory Mechanisms Control the Magnitude of CD8+ T Cell Responses Against Liver Stages of Murine Malaria (2003)

Following immunization with Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites, the CD8(+) T cell population specific for the SYVPSAEQI epitope expressed in sporozoite and liver stages of this malaria parasite revealed the existence of a short term Ag presentation process that translated into a single clonal burst. Further expansion of this CD8(+) T cell population in conditions of sustained Ag exposure and additional supply of naive cells was inhibited by regulatory mechanisms that were developed as early as 24-48 h after priming. Studies using mouse models for Plasmodium or influenza virus infections revealed that this mechanism is Ag specific and is mediated by activated CD8(+) T cells that inhibit the priming of naive cells. This interference of the priming of naive cells appeared to result from limited access to Ag-presenting dendritic cells, which become disabled or are eliminated after contact with activated cells. Thus, concomitantly with the development of their effector antimicrobial capacity, CD8(+) T cells also acquire a self-regulatory role that is likely to represent one of the earliest mechanisms induced in the course of an immune response and that limits the magnitude of the early expansion of CD8(+) T lymphocytes reactive to microorganisms.
Asymmetric cell division regulates the transcriptional balance controlling memory fate decisions in T cells (2017)

The asymmetric cell division is an evolutionary acquisition strategy of multicellular organisms that enable the pluripotent cells to produce two daughter cells with distinct cellular fates. This characteristic is responsible for originating all the embryonic leaflets and tissues of the Metazoan Phyla in which stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to two different daughter cells, one preserving the original stem cell pluripotency (self-renewal) and the other daughter, committed to a further differentiation program, into specialized cell types with non-stem cell fate (1). The mechanisms through which the asymmetric cell divisions are conferred to dividing daughter cells are inherently acquired at the time of division of the mother cell. In multicellular organisms, this response is triggered by the polarization of the mother cell and the consequent alignment of the mitotic spindle with the axis of polarity during mitotic division (1).
Small-molecule inhibitors of histone deacetylase for the treatment of cancer and non-cancer diseases: a patent review (2011 – 2013) (2014)

The development of isoform-selective HDAC inhibitors to avoid side effects in cancer therapy, to fight specific types of cancer, or for their potential use in non-cancer diseases is ongoing but still needs many scientific efforts. Moreover, the strategy of using these agents in combination with other epigenetic target modulators is a recent interesting therapeutic approach that could give promising results.
ChemInform Abstract: Cystodamine (I), a New Cytotoxic Fused Polyaromatic Alkaloid from the Mediterranean Ascidian Cystodytes delle chiajei. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
HDFS scalability: the limits to growth (2010)

The Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) is an open source system currently being used in situations where massive amounts of data need to be processed. Based on experience with the largest deployment of HDFS, I provide an analysis of how the amount of RAM of a single namespace server correlates with the storage capacity of Hadoop clusters, outline the advantages of the single-node namespace server architecture for linear performance scaling, and establish practical limits of growth for this architecture. This study may be applicable to issues with other distributed file systems.
Introduction to satellite communication (1987)

Fundamentals of Satellite Systems -- Basic Characteristics of Satellites. System Elements. Satellite Orbit Configurations. Frequency Spectrum Allocations. Evolution of Satellite Communication -- Source of the Original Idea. The International System (INTELSAT). Domestic Satellite Systems. Regional Satellite Systems. Specialized Systems (DTH and Mobile). Movement to Higher Frequency Bands (Ka Band). Advancing Technology and Markets. Satellite Network Architectures -- General Features of Satellite Networks. Point-to-Multipoint (Broadcast) Networks. Point-to-Point Networks. Hub and Spoke Networks. Microwave Transmission Engineering -- Propagation on the Earth-Space Link. Microwave Transmitters and Receivers. Overall Link Quality. Modulation and Multiple Access -- Digital Baseband Signals. Digital Modulation. Multiple Access Methods. Distortion and Impairments. Communication Repeaters and Electronics -- Overall Payload Requirements. Repeater Configuration (Analog 'Bent Pipe' and Digital Processing). Wideband Receiver. Redundancy Switching. Waveguide Filters and Multiplexers. Traveling-Wave Tube Amplifiers. Solid-State Power Amplifiers. Transponder Gain Control. Spacecraft Antennas -- Horn Antennas. Reflector Antennas. Antenna Patterns. Beam and Polarization Isolation. Innovative Spacecraft Antenna Designs (Lens and Array). Spacecraft Bus Configuration and Design -- Mission Summary. Spacecraft Configuration (Three-Axis and Spinning). Spacecraft Bus Subsystems (Attitude Control, Solar Array, Battery, Liquid and Electric Propulsion, Solid Rocket Motors, TT&C, Thermal Control and Structure). Environmental Requirements. Earth Stations and Terrestrial Technology -- Basic Earth Station Configuration. Performance Requirements. Radio Frequency Equipment. Intermediate Frequency and Baseband Equipment. Earth Station Facility Design. Major Classes of Earth Stations (TT&C, TV Uplink, Telecommunication Hum, VSAT, Mobile, and TV Receive-Only). Terrestrial Interfaces and Links. Launch Vehicles and Services -- The Launch Mission. Launch Technology and Systems. Launch Interfaces. Risk Management in Launch Operations. Satellite Operations and Orbit Maintenance -- The Satellite Control System. Intercommunication Networks. Orbital Operations. Network Operations. Human Resources for Satellite Operations. Economics of Satellite Systems -- System Development Methodology. Space Segment Economics. Earth Station Economics. Analysis of Network Economics. Future Directions for Satellite Communication -- Evolution of New Satellite Applications. Evolution of the Technology (Space, Ground and Application). Satellite Communication into the Third Millennium.
An empirical comparison of a distributed antenna microcell system versus a single antenna microcell system for indoor spread spectrum communications at 1.8 GHz (2002)

An empirical study of two indoor microcellular structures intended to be used with spread spectrum communications is the focus of this paper. The performance of a distributed antenna system consisting of four corner reflector antennas with each antenna located at a corner of a rectangular cell is compared to that of a single antenna system consisting of a single discone antenna located at the center of the same cell. The four distributed antennas were connected to a 4-way splitter/combiner with different lengths of low loss coaxial cable which introduced 25.6 nanoseconds of differential delay between successive antennas. The differential delay was introduced to provide time diversity which can be optimally combined with a matched filter/RAKE receiver. Measurements were performed in both microcell structures at 1.8 GHz on a single floor of TR Labs research location in Calgary to obtain channel impulse responses and frequency selective fading results using 140 MHz and 50 MHz of bandpass bandwidth, respectively. Frequency selective fading statistics, RMS delay spreads, excess delay spreads and a comparison of the time/space diversity of the antenna systems are documented.
Relating Quench Sensitivity to Microstructure in 6000 Series Aluminium Alloys (2011)

In high strength 6000 series alloys dispersoids that form during heating to the homogenization temperature are used to improve fracture toughness and suppress grain growth during the extrusion process. However, these dispersoids can act as heterogeneous nucleation sites for non-hardening Mg-Si precipitates if quenching after extrusion is delayed. This leads to a reduced level of Mg and Si in solid solution and hence lower achievable strength and hardness. This phenomenon is called quench sensitivity. In this study, the hardening response of several 6000 series aluminium alloys is related to microstructural features, especially dispersoid density. Therefore, the alloys were quenched at varying rates after extrusion and age hardened to peak strength. Quench sensitivity is related to dispersoid density as well as to the enthalpy related to the precipitation of Mg-Si phase measured by DSC. The results suggest that in alloys containing dispersoids, quench sensitivity is primarily determined by the number density of dispersoids. However, effects associated with elements in solid solution cannot be ruled out. TEM investigations suggest that not only the general reduction of Mg and Si is responsible for the reduced mechanical properties, but that an inhomogeneous distribution of hardening precipitates might be another determining factor.
Use of ionic liquids in the study of fruit ripening by high-resolution 13C NMR spectroscopy: ‘green’ solvents meet green bananas (2006)

Banana pulps at any ripening stage can be completely dissolved in solvent systems based on the ionic liquid (IL) 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl), and variations in the carbohydrate composition of the fruit analyzed directly on the resulting solutions using high-resolution 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Mechanical Circulatory Support of the Right Ventricle for Adult and Pediatric Patients With Heart Failure (2018)

The clinical implementation of mechanical circulatory assistance for a significantly dysfunctional or failing left ventricle as a bridge-to-transplant or bridge-to-recovery is on the rise. Thousands of patients with left-sided heart failure are readily benefitting from these life-saving technologies, and left ventricular failure often leads to severe right ventricular dysfunction or failure. Right ventricular failure (RVF) has a high rate of mortality caused by the risk of multisystem organ failure and prolonged hospitalization for patients after treatment. The use of a blood pump to support the left ventricle also typically results in an increase in right ventricular preload and may impair right ventricular contractility during left ventricular unloading. Patients with RVF might also suffer from severe pulmonary dysfunction, cardiac defects, congenital heart disease states, or a heterogeneity of cardiophysiologic challenges because of symptomatic congestive heart failure. Thus, the uniqueness and complexity of RVF is emerging as a new domain of significant clinical interest that motivates the development of right ventricular assist devices. In this review, we present the current state-of-the-art for clinically used blood pumps to support adults and pediatric patients with right ventricular dysfunction or failure concomitant with left ventricular failure. New innovative devices specifically for RVF are also highlighted. There continues to be a compelling need for novel treatment options to support patients with significant right heart dysfunction or failure.
Genetic programming of macrophages generates an in vitro model for the human erythroid island niche (2019)

Red blood cells mature within the erythroblastic island (EI) niche that consists of specialized macrophages surrounded by differentiating erythroblasts. Here we establish an in vitro system to model the human EI niche using macrophages that are derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and are also genetically programmed to an EI-like phenotype by inducible activation of the transcription factor, KLF1. These EI-like macrophages increase the production of mature, enucleated erythroid cells from umbilical cord blood derived CD34<sup>+</sup> haematopoietic progenitor cells and iPSCs; this enhanced production is partially retained even when the contact between progenitor cells and macrophages is inhibited, suggesting that KLF1-induced secreted proteins may be involved in this enhancement. Lastly, we find that the addition of three secreted factors, ANGPTL7, IL-33 and SERPINB2, significantly enhances the production of mature enucleated red blood cells. Our study thus contributes to the ultimate goal of replacing blood transfusion with a manufactured product.
Annotation Guidelines for Machine Learning-Based Named Entity Recognition in Microbiology (2008)

Abstract. Recent challenges on machine learning application to named-entity recognition in biology trigger discussions on the manual annotation guidelines for annotating the learning corpora. Some sources of potential inconsistency have been identified by corpus annotators and challenge participants. We go one step further by proposing specific annotation guidelines for biology and evaluating their effect on performances of machine learning methods. We show that a significant improvement can be achieved by this way that is not due to the feature set neither to the ML methods. Keywords: Named-entity recognition, annotation guidelines, machine learning, biology. 1.
Image-scaling problem in the optical fractional Fourier transform (1997)

The significance of scale factors and cascade of optical fractional Fourier transform is emphasized. Exact and cascadable fractional Fourier transforms in practical applications mandate that the image scale be the reciprocal of the scale of the input plane controlled by the optical setup. The practical setup of the optical fractional Fourier transform must be without any quadratic phase term at the spectrum plane.
Effect of aspirin on urinary bladder carcinogenesis initiated with N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide in rats. (1989)

N-[4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT), a potent urinary bladder carcinogen, is metabolically activated in vitro by a variety of enzyme systems including aerobic cooxidation by prostaglandin H synthase which is present in the rat bladder mucosa. In a previous experiment, aspirin coadministered with FANFT for 12 weeks inhibited FANFT-induced bladder carcinogenesis and enhanced forestomach carcinogenesis. To further evaluate the effects of aspirin on FANFT carcinogenesis, male F344 rats were fed either FANFT (0.2% of the diet) for 12 weeks (Group 4), aspirin (0.5% of the diet) simultaneously with FANFT for 12 weeks (Group 2), aspirin simultaneously with FANFT for 12 weeks and then subsequently to the end of the experiment (Group 1), or FANFT only followed by aspirin (Group 3). The incidence of bladder carcinoma was significantly higher when aspirin was fed after FANFT treatment (87%) compared to FANFT followed by control diet (48%) and was higher in rats given aspirin plus FANFT followed by aspirin (73%) compared to aspirin plus FANFT followed by control diet (47%). Aspirin alone given for 13 weeks (Group 6) or throughout the experiment (68 weeks) (Group 5) did not induce bladder cancer. However, in all groups administered aspirin long-term, renal papillary necrosis and renal pelvic hyperplasia and atypia were frequently observed. Only a single forestomach tumor was observed. In the present experiment, aspirin appeared to exhibit promoting activity for bladder carcinogenesis in the rat.
Reduction of the MSE in R-times oversampled A/D conversion O(1/R) to O(1/R/sup 2/) (1994)

In oversampled analog-to-digital conversion, the usual reconstruction method using lowpass filtering leads to a mean squared error (MSE) inversely proportional to the oversampling ratio R. The authors prove, under certain assumptions and with periodic analog input signals, that optimal reconstruction achieves an MSE with an oversampling ratio dependence order of at least O(1/R/sup 2/). That is, an MSE slope of /spl minus/6 dB per octave of oversampling is obtained, rather than the conventional /spl minus/3 dB/octave slope of classical schemes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
120-kD surface glycoprotein of Pneumocystis carinii is a ligand for surfactant protein A. (1992)

Pneumocystis carinii is the most common cause of life-threatening pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. In the current study, surfactant protein A (SP-A), the major nonserum protein constituent of pulmonary surfactant, is demonstrated to bind P. carinii in a specific and saturable manner. SP-A is surface bound and does not appear to be internalized or degraded by the P. carinii organism. Furthermore, SP-A binding to P. carinii is time- and calcium-dependent and is competitively inhibited by mannosyl albumin. In the absence of calcium or the presence of excess mannosyl albumin, SP-A binding to P. carinii is reduced by 95 and 71%, respectively. SP-A avidly binds P. carinii with a Kd of 8 x 10(-9) M and an estimated 8.4 x 10(6) SP-A binding sites per P. carinii organism, as determined from Scatchard plots. SP-A is shown to bind P. carinii in vivo, and a putative binding site for SP-A on P. carinii is demonstrated to be the mannoserich surface membrane glycoprotein gp120. These findings suggest that P. carinii can interact with the phospholipid-rich material in the alveolar spaces by specifically binding a major protein constituent of pulmonary surfactant.