gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nonlinear Summation of Synaptic Currents on the Input–Output Properties of Spinal Motoneurons (2005)

A single spinal motoneuron receives tens of thousands of synapses. The neurotransmitters released by many of these synapses act on iontotropic receptors and alter the driving potential of neighboring synapses. This interaction introduces an intrinsic nonlinearity in motoneuron input-output properties where the response to two simultaneous inputs is less than the linear sum of the responses to each input alone. Our goal was to determine the impact of this nonlinearity on the current delivered to the soma during activation of predetermined numbers and distributions of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. To accomplish this goal we constructed compartmental models constrained by detailed measurements of the geometry of the dendritic trees of three feline motoneurons. The current "lost" as a result of local changes in driving potential was substantial and resulted in a highly nonlinear relationship between the number of active synapses and the current reaching the soma. Background synaptic activity consisting of a balanced activation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses further decreased the current delivered to the soma, but reduced the nonlinearity with respect to the total number of active excitatory synapses. Unexpectedly, simulations that mimicked experimental measures of nonlinear summation, activation of two sets of excitatory synapses, resulted in nearly linear summation. This result suggests that nonlinear summation can be difficult to detect, despite the substantial "loss" of current arising from nonlinear summation. The magnitude of this "loss" appears to limit motoneuron activity, based solely on activation of iontotropic receptors, to levels that are inadequate to generate functionally meaningful muscle forces.
At the Edge of Innovation: Why Shifts in the Boundaries of Innovation Matter (2009)

History shows that the boundaries of innovation are constantly changing. It also suggests that those UK organisations that are able to successfully monitor, acknowledge and react to such changes, are more likely to survive and prosper in the long-term.

The innovation cohort at the Advanced Institute of Management (AIM) Research, in a series of wide ranging
research projects, examined how these innovation boundaries – geographical, technological, and organisational – are changing and the implications of those changes for both practitioners and policymakers.

Whilst not an exhaustive account of the work of the innovation cohort, this report highlights some of the group’s research findings, and the broader issues at stake regarding shifting innovation boundaries.
Acid-base properties of (.alpha.,.omega.-alkanediamine)pentaaminecobalt(III) complexes in aqueous solution (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid-base properties of (.alpha.,.omega.-alkanediamine)pentaaminecobalt(III) complexes in aqueous solutionHiroshi OginoCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1980, 19, 6, 1619–1622Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50208a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50208a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Charlotte™ Robot Technology for Space and Terrestrial Applications (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A novel robot architecture has been developed which promises cost savings in a variety of applications in Space and on Earth. Utilizing cables in order to effect motion in a general workspace provides large weight savings, as well as high end effector stiffness. The architecture has been built and successfully tested in space. The capability of the robotic system to actuate those switches, dials, and buttons expected in space environments, as well as to read displays and transmit video to earth for operator feedback have been proven, and are discussed herein.</div>
Empirical Study for the Effects of Filler Shape on the Thermal Expansion Coefficient of PP Composites (2010)

초록 · 키워드 목차 오류제보하기 등록된 정보가 없습니다. #aspect ratio #coefficient of thermal expansion #filler #PP composite 등록된 정보가 없습니다.
The Pharmacology of a β2-Selective Adrenoceptor Antagonist (ICI 118,551) (1983)

While specific antagonists of the beta 1-adrenoceptor, such as atenolol and betaxolol, are widely available, a potent specific antagonist selective for the beta 2-adrenoceptor has yet to be described. Previously described beta 2-selective antagonists such as butoxamine, H 35/25, and IPS 339 are lacking in potency, specificity, or appropriate beta 2-selectivity. ICI 118,551 [erythro-dl-1-(7-methylindan-4-yloxy)-3-isopropylaminobutan-2-ol] possesses a high degree of selectivity and specificity for the beta 2-adrenoceptor. The affinity of propranolol and ICI 118,551 for beta-adrenoceptors has been determined by comparing their antagonist potencies, expressed as pA2 values, against the actions of isoproterenol on the guinea pig atrium and uterus. ICI 118,551 had a higher affinity for the uterine beta 2-receptor than did propranolol (pA2 9.26 and 8.64, respectively) but a lower affinity for the atrial beta 1-receptor (pA2 7.17 and 8.30, respectively). Thus, the beta 2/ beta 1-selectivity ratios, in vitro, were 123 for ICI 118,551 and 2.2 for propranolol. The potency and selectivity of ICI 118,551 and atenolol on the chronotropic and vasodilator actions of isoproterenol were compared in anaesthetised dogs. The apparent K' B values at the vascular beta-adrenoceptor were 2.1 micrograms/kg for ICI 118,551 and 253 micrograms/kg for atenolol, and the potency ratio for antagonism of vascular versus atrial actions of isoproterenol was greater than 250:1. In regard to ancillary pharmacological properties, ICI 118,551 has no partial agonist activity but has a membrane-stabilising action similar to that of propranolol.
Self-motivated visual scanning predicts flexible navigation in a virtual environment (2014)

The ability to navigate flexibly (e.g., reorienting oneself based on distal landmarks to reach a learned target from a new position) may rely on visual scanning during both initial experiences with the environment and subsequent test trials. Reliance on visual scanning during navigation harkens back to the concept of vicarious trial and error, a description of the side-to-side head movements made by rats as they explore previously traversed sections of a maze in an attempt to find a reward. In the current study, we examined if visual scanning predicted the extent to which participants would navigate to a learned location in a virtual environment defined by its position relative to distal landmarks. Our results demonstrated a significant positive relationship between the amount of visual scanning and participant accuracy in identifying the trained target location from a new starting position as long as the landmarks within the environment remain consistent with the period of original learning. Our findings indicate that active visual scanning of the environment is a deliberative attentional strategy that supports the formation of spatial representations for flexible navigation.
Metformin decreases angiogenesis via NF-κB and Erk1/2/Erk5 pathways by increasing the antiangiogenic thrombospondin-1 (2009)

TSP-1 levels are lower in PCOS women. Metformin treatment increases serum TSP-1 in these women. Our findings provide novel insights into the relationship between obesity, IR, and angiogenesis.
Superconducting spiral filters with quasi-elliptic characteristic for radio astronomy (2005)

To produce a filter small enough to fit a 2-in wafer at 408 MHz while maintaining high-quality performance, half-wavelength single spiral microstrip resonators are introduced. New coupling structures make both positive and negative coupling available by changing the directions of spiral winding. An eight-pole high-temperature superconducting bandpass spiral filter with 3.7% bandwidth at 408-MHz band is presented for radio astronomy applications at the Jodrell Bank Radio Observatory, Macclesfield, Cheshire, U.K. A quasi-elliptic characteristic with four transmission zeros is realized by adding three cross-couplings to the standard Chebyshev filter. The filter shown is designed and fabricated on a 32 mm /spl times/ 18 mm /spl times/ 0.508 mm MgO substrate. The untuned measured results of the filter at 30 K show a maximum passband insertion loss 0.35 dB (ripple 0.27 dB), a minimum return loss 13.2 dB, and minimum out-of-band rejection of 65 dB, which have good agreement with its electromagnetic full-wave simulation results.
Selective and Sustained Attention in Hyperactive, Learning-Disabled, and Normal Boys (1979)

Boys classified as nonhyperactive learning-disabled (LD), hyperactive but not LD, and as normal in behavior and achievement were contrasted on a visual search task hypothesized to elicit differences in selective and sustained attention. As task complexity increased, both clinical groups took more trials to reach criterion than the normals, but contrary to expectation, their error patterns were more similar than different. Using a highly similar task, Pribram found that monkeys with frontal lobe lesions did not condition to the reward contingency as well as temporarily lesioned monkeys, who had greater difficulty discovering the correct cue when more than six objects comprised the field. Both LD and hyperactive children who were inefficient at searching out the to-be rewarded cue tended not to condition as well to the reward contingency. Hyperactives gained insight into the features of the game somewhat quicker than LD subjects but did not use this information consistently. The hyperactive and LD groups complained equally of becoming tired but more of the hyperactives wanted to quit and gave evidence in latency data and extraneous responses that they ceased to play the game in a straightforward way. The hyperactives but not the other groups had a negative correlation between accuracy and search latency during the latter phase of the experiment. The hyperactives' lack of “tolerance for a problem” is theorized to account for their poor performance, whereas the LD children's poor performance reflects defects in selective as well as sustained attention.
Development of fiber-optic gyroscope (2006)

The history and operation principle of a fiber-optic gyroscope(FOG) is reviewed.The technology trends and commercialization of FOG are all introduced.It can be predicated that with the development of technology of micro-electronics,photo-electronics and signal processing,fiber-optic gyroscope will play a more and more important role in the field of inertial measurement in the future.
Microarray-based method for detection of unknown genetic modifications (2007)

The approach should allow the user to detect the presence of transgene sequences and get sufficient information for further characterization of unknown genetic constructs in plants. The only requirements are access to a small amount of pure transgene plant material, that the genetic construct in question is above a certain size (here >/= 140 basepairs) and that parts of the construct shows some degree of sequence similarity with published genetic elements.
Application of Optical Coherence Tomography to a Mouse Model of Retinopathy (2022)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers a noninvasive method for the diagnosis of retinopathy. The OCT machine can capture retinal crosssectional images from which the retinal thickness can be calculated. Although OCT is widely used in clinical practice, its application in basic research is not as prevalent, especially in small animals such as mice. Because of the small size of their eyeballs, it is challenging to conduct fundus imaging examinations in mice. Therefore, a specialized retinal imaging system is required to accommodate OCT imaging on small animals. This article demonstrates a small-animal-specific system for OCT examination procedures and a detailed method for image analysis. The results of retinal OCT examination of very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (Vldlr) knockout mice and C57BL/6J mice are presented. The OCT images of C57BL/6J mice showed retinal layers, while those of Vldlr knockout mice showed subretinal neovascularization and retinal thinning. In summary, OCT examination could facilitate the noninvasive detection and measurement of retinopathy in mouse models.
Valbenazine and Deutetrabenazine for Tardive Dyskinesia. (2018)

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a medication-induced permanent movement disorder with no United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments prior to 2017. Although TD is medication-induced, patients who have responded well to antipsychotics might not be candidates for dose reduction or discontinuation due to a risk of psychiatric decompensation. Valbenazine and deutetrabenazine were recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of TD. They offer a unique mechanism of action by inhibiting vesicular monoamine transporter type 2. The objective of this review is to discuss the efficacy, tolerability, dosing, drug interactions, and precautions for valbenazine and deutetrabenazine.
New bent core mesogens with exceptionally high clearing points (2002)

Abstract A homologous series of novel two-ring alkoxythiophene-containing liquid crystals has been synthesized using a recently developed cyclization methodology to construct the heterocyclic core. The new heterocyclic unit is expected to confer high negative dielectric anisotropy and high dielectric biaxiality when incorporated into suitable mesogenic structures. The materials reported here possess nematic phases, with the longer chain homologues displaying smectic mesomorphism. In all cases the clearing points are significantly enhanced when compared with other two-ring thiophene-based mesogens. The synthesis, mesomorphic behaviour and stability are discussed, and the mesomorphic behaviour is compared with the analogous 4-alkoxy-4′-cyanobiphenyl derivatives synthesized by Gray.
The urinary excretion of N-methyl histidine by cattle: validation as an index of muscle protein breakdown (1981)

1. The recoveries of radioactivity in cattle urine following the intravenous administration of N tau-[14CH3]methyl histidine were essentially quantitative in 5--7 d in non-lactating cows, bulls and steers and did not change with age. 2. The N tau-methyl histidine was excreted unchanged in urine. 3. N tau-methyl histidine occurred in muscle extracts both in the free form and as a perchloric acid-soluble, acid-labile form which accounted for approximately 85% of the total non-bound N tau-methyl histidine in muscle and appeared identical to a similar component identified in muscle extracts of sheep and pigs. 4. There was probably an age-related decrease in the concentration of the acid-labile component in muscle but which did not produce a measurable change in recovery of radioactivity in urine. 5. The daily excretion of N tau-methyl histidine (E, mumol) by male cattle was highly correlated with live weight (W, kg) by the equation: E = 50 . 4 + 3 . 536 (+/- 0 . 044)W (r 0. 997). The excretions progressively decreased from 4 . 04 mumol/d per kg at 100 kg weight to 3 . 62 mumol/d per kg at 600 kg. 6. By the criterion of the rate of clearance of labelled N tau-methyl histidine from the body, the excretion of N tau-methyl histidine in urine appears to be a valid index of muscle protein breakdown in cattle.
Phylogenetic analysis of infectious bronchitis coronaviruses newly isolated in China, and pathogenicity and evaluation of protection induced by Massachusetts serotype H120 vaccine against QX-like strains (2011)

Seventy-eight isolates of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were obtained from different field outbreaks in China in 2009 and genotyped with 34 reference strains. Four genotypes of IBV and three new isolates were identified by phylogenetic analysis and BLAST searches of the entire S1 gene. The results showed that most IBV strains that have circulated in China in recent years belong to the genotype of QX-like strains, and that they could be grouped further into two clusters, regardless of the level of genetic variation displayed. A study of pathogenicity that used three QX-like strains--ck/CH/LSD/091003, ck/CH/LDL/091022 and ck/CH/LJL/090330--showed that the isolates caused the most severe lesions in the kidneys and were therefore nephropathogenic strains with various levels of virulence in specific pathogen free chickens. A vaccination-challenge test that was performed using the three QX-like strains showed that the commercially available H120 vaccine did not provide sufficient protection against challenge with the QX-like isolates, as demonstrated by comparison of the clinical signs, pathological lesions and virus recovery from the trachea and kidney of unvaccinated-challenged and vaccinated-challenged birds.
Joint coded modulation algorithm with erasure LDPC and OFDM (2009)

An erasure-based joint coded-modulation scheme was developed to reduce the high error floor caused by time-variance of wireless channels in orthogonal frequency division multiplex(OFDM)systems.Since the low-density parity-check(LDPC)has excellent performance in the erasure channel,erased bits are introduced into the LDPC codes and mapped into the zero modulated symbols to enable the modem to reduce the inter-carrier interference.Simulations show that the LDPC error floor for time-variant channels is reduced three fold compared with the separate coded-modulation system.This joint coded modulation algorithm significantly improves the performance of broad-band wireless communication systems in high speed environments.
Sirolimus- and taxol-eluting stents differ towards intimal hyperplasia and re-endothelialization. (2005)

Restenosis is a direct result of vessel injury, local inflammation, and remodeling following balloon angioplasty and coronary stenting resulting in luminal narrowing. The process involves a complex interplay of released growth factors that stimulate smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to migrate and proliferate, as well as activating endothelial cells (ECs) at injury sites. The latter re-establishes the luminal endothelial monolayer that keeps a barrier to circulating cells from underlying extracellular matrix and SMCs. Understanding the cellular mechanisms of intimal hyperplasia and re-endothelialization is important in that uncontrolled cellular processes account for coronary luminal narrowing, leading to the recurrence of clinical symptoms, hospitalizations, and repeat interventions. The evolution of drug-eluting stents that inhibit intimal hyperplasia has revolutionized percutaneous coronary interventions in that potential late luminal narrowing is attenuated. Sirolimus and paclitaxel are two medications utilized for their efficacy at inhibiting intimal hyperplasia and subsequent clinical events. The effects of these drugs on EC biology have not been well investigated. This article discusses basic cellular processes of vessel repair after balloon angioplasty and stenting, and focuses on the differential molecular mechanisms of sirolimus and paclitaxel towards proliferation and migration. These drugs inhibit both SMC and EC proliferation, but by different mechanisms, and paclitaxel inhibits EC migration, whereas sirolimus does not. Their discriminating effects towards re-endothelialization may clinically differentiate these two drugs. Inhibiting re-endothelialization may translate into more adverse clinical events.
High-resolution spectroscopy of combustion gases using a tunable ir diode laser (1977)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. K. Hanson, P. A. Kuntz, and C. H. Kruger, "High-resolution spectroscopy of combustion gases using a tunable ir diode laser," Appl. Opt. 16, 2045-2048 (1977) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
High-temperature X-ray diffraction: solutions to uncertainties in temperature and sample position (1993)

Methods of minimizing the uncertainties in temperature and position that are inherent in high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction measurements made using strip heaters are discussed, with particular reference to the Anton Paar HTK 10 heating stage. Modification of the strip geometry is recommended to largely eliminate temperature gradients across the sample area and the use of the strip heater as an internal standard is recommended to eliminate positional uncertainties and test temperature calibration. Data on the thermal expansion of Al2O3 are used to evaluate the success of these procedures.
Killer Cell Lectin-like Receptor G1 Inhibits NK Cell Function through Activation of Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate–Activated Protein Kinase (2016)

NK cells are the first line of defense against infected and transformed cells. Defective NK cell activity was shown to increase susceptibility for viral infections and reduce tumor immune-surveillance. With age, the incidence of infectious diseases and malignancy rises dramatically, suggesting that impaired NK cell function might contribute to disease in these individuals. We found an increased frequency of NK cells with high expression of the inhibitory killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) in individuals >70 y. The role of KLRG1 in ageing is not known, and the mechanism of KLRG1-induced inhibition of NK cell function is not fully understood. We report that NK cells with high KLRG1 expression spontaneously activate the metabolic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and that activation of AMPK negatively regulates NK cell function. Pre-existing AMPK activity is further amplified by ligation of KLRG1 in these cells, which leads to internalization of the receptor and allows interaction with AMPK. We show that KLRG1 activates AMPK by preventing its inhibitory dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase-2C rather than inducing de novo kinase activation. Finally, inhibition of KLRG1 or AMPK prevented KLRG1-induced activation of AMPK and reductions in NK cell cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion, proliferation, and telomerase expression. This novel signaling pathway links metabolic sensing, effector function, and cell differentiation with inhibitory receptor signaling that may be exploited to enhance NK cell activity during ageing.