gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acid Sphingomyelinase Is Indispensable for UV Light-induced Bax Conformational Change at the Mitochondrial Membrane (2005)

Ultraviolet light-induced apoptosis can be caused by DNA damage but also involves immediate-early cell death cascades characteristic of death receptor signaling. Here we show that the UV light-induced apoptotic signaling pathway is unique, targeting Bax activation at the mitochondrial membrane independent of caspase-8 or cathepsin D activity. Cells deficient in acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) do not show UV light-induced Bax activation, cytochrome c release, or apoptosis. In ASMase-deficient cells, the apoptotic UV light response is restored by stable or transient expression of human ASMase. Bax conformational change in ASMase(-/-) cells is also caused by synthetic C(16)-ceramide acting on intact cells or isolated mitochondria. The results suggest that UV light-triggered ASMase activation is essentially required for Bax conformational change leading to mitochondrial release of pro-apoptotic factors like cytochrome c and Smac.
Solid‐State Microwave‐Arcing‐Induced Formation and Surface Functionalization of Core/Shell Metal/Carbon Nanoparticles (2008)

Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2296/2008/smll200700808_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Reliability of the Treponemal Hemagglutination Test for the Serodiagnosis of Syphilis (1973)

The reliability of the treponemal hemagglutination (TPHA) test for the serodiagnosis of syphilis was evaluated by testing 306 sera with the TPHA and fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed (FTA-Abs) tests. Overall agreement between the two tests was obtained with 90.2% of the sera. Fifteen of the discrepant sera were FTA-Abs-positive and TPHA-negative, and fifteen were FTA-Absnegative and TPHA-positive. Careful evaluation of the patients' history and clinical findings indicated a false-positive rate of 8.8% for the TPHA, and a false-negative rate of at least 6.5% for this test. The number of false-positives and false-negatives makes us question the reliability of the TPHA, and it is recommended that the FTA-Abs be retained as the primary treponemal test.
A Counter-Driven Adaptive Sleep Mode Scheme for 802.16e Networks (2011)

Data services, especially multimedia services drain battery quickly. Hence, it becomes more and more important to reduce power consumption in order to prolong active time of a mobile station. Three types of sleep mode schemes were defined in 802.16e for power saving. Sleep window size is either fixed or exponentially increased in these schemes. Past researches showed that power saving performance can be improved by carefully adjusting the sleep window size. Past researches also tried to balance the power saving performance and packet delivery latency, which contradict with each other. In this paper, a novel counter-driven adaptive sleep mode scheme is proposed and analyzed. It intends to present a generic and easy-to-implement adaptive sleep window scheme that keeps up with the change of user activity level. This autonomous and adaptive power saving scheme distinguishes itself from all other researches surveyed so far in the literature by minimizing signaling overhead and easily balancing between packet delivery latency and power saving performance according to QoS requirement of established data services.
pcSVF: An Evaluation of Side-Channel Vulnerability of Port Contention (2020)

The threats from side-channel attacks to modern processors has become a serious problem, especially under the enhancement of the microarchitecture characteristics with multicore and resource sharing. Therefore, the research and measurement of the vulnerability of the side-channel attack of the system is of great significance for computer designers. Most of the current evaluation methods proposed by researchers are only for typical cache side-channel attacks. In this paper, we propose a method to measure systems' vulnerability to side-channel attacks caused by port contention called pcSVF. We collected the traces of the victim and attacker and computed the correlation coefficient between them, thus we can measure the vulnerability of the system against side-channel attack. Then we analyzed the effectiveness of the method through the results under different system defense schemes.
RADIATION DOSE REDUCTION IN INVASIVE CARDIOLOGY BY RESTRICTION TO ADEQUATE INSTEAD OF OPTIMIZED PICTURE QUALITY (2003)

In this study, the cinegraphic image intensifier entrance dose level for coronary angiography was changed in four steps from dose level A (0.041 microGy frame(-1)), allowing high contrast, but coarse mottled background, to level D (0.164 microGy frame(-1)), affording high transparency and sharpness. Using this new approach throughout the course of 404 consecutive cardiac catheterizations, we reduced patient radiation exposures down to 11 to 16% of currently typical values: i.e., mean dose area products of 5.97 Gy cm2 (n = 91), 6.73 (n = 113), 8.11 (n = 91), and 8.90 (n = 109); cinegraphic dose area products of 2.34, 3.64, 4.56, and 5.49; and cinegraphic dose area products frame(-1) of 13.3, 19.8, 27.0, and 30.2 mGy cm2, for levels A, B, C, and D, respectively. The number of cinegraphic frames ranged within 168 to 182 per case. Our results show that during catheterization interventionalists should vary image intensifier entrance dose levels in accordance with documented structure, angulation, and body mass index. With the exception of cases with special requirements, lower dose levels typically guarantee an adequate image quality.
Algae energy: algae as a new source of biodiesel (2011)

Green Energy Facilities.- Biofuels.- Algae Technology.- Energy from Algae.- Biodiesel from Algae.- Biorefineries.- Future Developments.
Cyclitols. XXIX. Polyphosphorylation of polyols. The synthesis of myo-inositol pentaphosphates (1969)

Heating myo-inositol with an excess of the triethylammonium salt of N- benzoylphosphoramidic acid in N,N-dimethylformamide results in phosphorylation of every hydroxyl group. The method appears to be general for the complete phosphorylation of unsubstituted or partially substituted inositols. Starting with 1-O-benzyl- and 4-O-benzyl-myo- inositol, phosphorylation and subsequent hydrogenolysis gave DL-myo- inositol 1,2,4,5,6- and 1,2,3,4,5-pentaphosphate, respectively. Other methods of phosphorylation were found unsuitable.
An upper bound for the chromatic number of a graph and its application to timetabling problems (1967)

This paper points out the connection between the basic scheduling or timetabling problem with the well known problem of colouring the vertices of a graph in such a way that (i) no two adjacent vertices are the same colour and (ii) the number of colours used is a minimum. We give an algorithm for colouring a graph subject to (i) and give a new easily determined bound for the number of colours needed. This same bound is also a new upper bound for the chromatic number of a graph in terms of the degrees of its vertices.
The American–European Consensus Conference on ARDS, Part 2: Ventilatory, Pharmacologic, Supportive Therapy, Study Design Strategies, and Issues Related to Recovery and Remodeling (1998)

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) continues as a contributor to the morbidity and mortality of patients in intensive care units throughout the world, imparting tremendous human and financial costs. During the last 10 years there has been a decline in ARDS mortality without a clear explanation. The American-European Consensus Committee on ARDS was formed to re-evaluate the standards for the ICU care of patients with acute lung injury (ALI), with regard to ventilatory strategies, the more promising pharmacologic agents, and the definition and quantification of pathologic features of ALI that require resolution. It was felt that the definition of strategies for the clinical design and coordination of studies between centers and continents was becoming increasingly important to facilitate the study of various new therapies for ARDS.
In vivo protective performance of N95 respirator and surgical facemask (2006)

Surgical masks can provide in-vivo filtration protection of 95% filtration efficiency. N95 respirators provide higher in-vivo filtration efficiency of 97% with significant reduction of air permeability and water vapor permeability. Compared to normal surgical masks/respirators, the nano-masks can provide additional protective functions in stopping capillary diffusion and antibacterial activities.
Parathion Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Sol−Gel Films (2003)

Thin films of a molecularly imprinted sol−gel polymer with specific binding sites for parathion were developed. The films were cast on glass substrates and on glassy carbon electrodes and were used to detect parathion in aqueous solutions. Gas-phase binding measurements were performed on coated quartz crystal microbalance resonators. The binding of parathion to the imprinted films in the liquid phase was investigated by steady-state experiments with analysis by GC-FPD and cyclic voltammetry. The imprinted films showed high selectivity toward parathion in comparison to similar organophosphates. The binding was shown to be very sensitive to the type of functional monomer used for imprinting, and that rational design of the matrix components is an essential step in molecular imprinting. Specific binding in the gas phase proved to be less sensitive to the imprinting effect and exhibits relatively high nonspecific binding. The difference between molecular recognition in the gas- and liquid-phase imprinted polymer is discussed.
New‐Onset Perioperative Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Long‐Term Risk of Adverse Events: An Analysis From the CORONARY Trial (2021)

Background Perioperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is common in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Conflicting evidence exists whether patients with POAF after cardiac surgery have an increased long-term risk of stroke and other adverse events. Methods and Results We prospectively followed for up to 5 years 4624 patients without prior atrial fibrillation who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting in an international study. POAF was defined as atrial fibrillation that occurred during the initial hospitalization for surgery, lasted for ≥5 minutes, and required treatment. Outcomes assessed were a composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or nonfatal stroke, and its individual components. Median age was 67 years, and 778 (16.8%) had an episode of POAF. The incidence of the composite outcome was 6.84 and 4.10 per 100 patient-years in patients with and without POAF, and the incidence of stroke was 0.75 versus 0.45, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were 1.36 (95% CI, 1.16-1.59) for the composite outcome; 1.33 (95% CI, 1.10-1.61) for death; 1.58 (95% CI, 1.23-2.02) for myocardial infarction, and 1.27 (95% CI, 0.81-2.00) for stroke. In a landmark analysis excluding events of the initial hospital admission, the aHRs were 1.26 (95% CI, 1.03-1.54) for the composite outcome, 1.28 (95% CI, 1.03-1.59) for death, 1.70 (95% CI, 0.86-3.36) for myocardial infarction, and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.59-1.93) for stroke. At hospital discharge, 10.7% and 1.4% of patients with and without POAF received oral anticoagulation, respectively. Conclusions Patients with POAF after cardiac surgery had an increased long-term risk of adverse outcomes, mainly death and myocardial infarction. The risk of stroke was low and not increased in patients with POAF. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT00463294.
Bacterial Blight of Vicia Sativa: Aetiology of the Disease and Identification of the Pathogen (1970)

A serious new disease of vetch in the north coast area of New South Wales was shown to be caused by Pseudomonas stizolobii (Wolf) Stapp. The pathogen, recorded in Australia for tho first time, was able to infect eight other species of legumes in glasshouse tests. Field diseases of Trifolium repens and Mucuna sp. caused by this organism were also recorded and isolates obtained from these sources were found to be pathogenic to vetch.
Electron correlation and bound excitons in semiconductors (1977)

The localisation energy of excitons bound to neutral donors and acceptors is studied using Green function and configuration interaction techniques. The configuration interaction calculation gives localisation energies which are much higher than experimental values. It is argued that much of this correlation energy can be quenched by fluctuations in the degenerate ground states, and lead to a degeneracy dependence for the correlation energy. This mechanism can explain how the J= 1/2 acceptor bound exciton level can lie below the J= 3/2 5 / 2 levels for hole-attractive central cell potentials, and can also explain the level structure observed for multiple bound excitons. When the valence band degeneracy is allowed for using the spherical model of Baldereschi and Lipari (1974) it is found that for the neutral donor bound exciton, states derived from the hole in S 3/2 P 3/2 P 5/2 levels are close in energy. The quantum fluctuations imply that the domain of the canonical density matrix is larger than that spanned by eigenstates of the Hamiltonian.
LigaSure Haemorrhoidectomy versus Conventional Diathermy for IV-Degree Haemorrhoids: Is It the Treatment of Choice? A Randomized, Clinical Trial (2010)

Introduction. Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy performed with LigaSure system (LS) seems to be mainly effective where a large tissue demolition is required. This randomized study is designed to compare LigaSure haemorrohidectomy with conventional diathermy (CD) for treatment of IV-degree haemorrhoids. Methods. 52 patients with IV-degree haemorrhoids were randomized to two groups (conventional diathermy versus LigaSure haemorrhoidectomy). They were evaluated on the basis of the following main outcomes: mean operative time, postoperative pain, day of discharge, early and late complications. The time of recovery of work was also assessed. All patients had a minimum follow-up of twelve months (range 12-24). All data were statistically evaluated. Results. 27 patients were treated by conventional diathermy, 25 by LigaSure. The mean operative time was significantly shorter in LS, such as postoperative pain, mainly lower on the third and fourth postoperative day: moreover pain disappeared earlier in LS than CD. The time off-work was shorter in LS, while there was no difference in hospital stay and overall complications rate. Conclusions. LigaSure is an effective instrument when a large tissue demolition is required. This study supports its use as treatment of choice for IV degree haemorrhoids, even if the procedure is more expansive than conventional operation.
Latent Sector Faults and Reliability of Disk Arrays (2005)

This thesis studies the effects of latent sector faults on reliability, performance, and combined performability of disk arrays. This is done by developing two novel reliability models that include two fault types: disk unit faults and sector faults. The new reliability models study both hot swap and hot spare approaches in repairing disk unit faults. A traditional analytical method and also a novel approximation method are used for analyzing these reliability models. Two RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) configurations are used in the analysis: RAID-1 and RAID-5. Significant drop in reliability and performability is resulted when latent sector faults are not quickly detected. A sector fault may stay a long time undetected if user’s disk access pattern is unevenly distributed and the fault resides on a seldom accessed area. To reduce the risk of latent sector faults, this thesis proposes four novel disk scanning algorithms that utilize the idle time of disks to read periodically the entire disk surface in small segments. The main idea of the disk scanning algorithms is the same as in the memory scrubbing algorithm, but this is the first time when this approach is used with the secondary memory. The disk scanning algorithms are analyzed in this thesis and dramatic improvement in reliability and performability is achieved while there is only a minor effect on performance.
The Yurok Reservation (2002)

This chapter presents a brief overview of the history of the Yurok Indian Reservation since 1850. Non-Indians first settled in Yurok territory during the gold rush of 1849. Varied white interests defeated ratification of an 1851 treaty that created a large reservation. The ensuing armed conflict between Yuroks and whites extended into the mid-1860s. The chapter begins with an account of the political events in the tribes of Yurok and the emergence of Yurok Reservation, describing the conditions of survival of Yurok men, women, and children. Following this, it gives an account of the tribal organization of Yurok tribes and takes a look at various other aspects of Yurok life, such as formal education, conditions of medical care, and economic development. Finally, the chapter explores the prevalence of spirituality and arts, and religious freedom in the Yurok Reservation.
The oxidation of α‐tocopherol in human low‐density lipoprotein by the simultaneous generation of superoxide and nitric oxide (1993)

Peroxynitrite is the product of the reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide. It is an oxidant which can also decompose to form the hydroxyl radical and nitrogen dioxide. In this report we show that a powerful oxidant with reactivity similar to that of the hydroxyl radical is formed from the generation of superoxide from xanthine oxidase and nitric oxide from S-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). Simultaneous generation of these two radicals by either xanthine oxidase/SNAP or the sydnonimine SIN-1 in the presence of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) results in the depletion of alpha-tocopherol and formation of its oxidised product alpha-tocopheroquinone. The mechanism of oxidation required both the formation of nitric oxide and superoxide. In contrast to the promotion of LDL oxidation by transition metals the oxidation of LDL by SIN-1 was not sensitive to the addition of exogenous lipid hydroperoxide.
A reducing the number of polynomial coefficients method for variable notches FIR filters (2010)

In this paper, we propose a design method for finite impulse response (FIR) variable digital filters (VDFs) obtaining quasi-equiripple characteristic even if notch frequencies change. The change in filter coefficients, which depends on the change in notch frequencies, is approximated by a polynomial using variable parameters. In this method, the minimization problem for the polynomial coefficients with variable notches is formulated as semidefinite programming (SDP) in the frequency domain. However, the number of polynomial coefficients increases when variable parameters are plural number. Therefore, we also propose a method for reducing the number of polynomial coefficients. The usefulness of the proposed VDF is demonstrated through examples.
A universal electromagnetic energy conversion adapter based on a metamaterial absorber (2013)

On the heels of metamaterial absorbers (MAs) which produce near perfect electromagnetic (EM) absorption and emission, we propose a universal electromagnetic energy conversion adapter (UEECA) based on MA. By choosing the appropriate energy converting sensors, the UEECA is able to achieve near 100% signal transfer ratio between EM energy and various forms of energy such as thermal, DC electric, or higher harmonic EM energy. The inherited subwavelength dimension and the EM field intensity enhancement can further empower UEECA in many critical applications such as energy harvesting, solar cell, and nonlinear optics. The principle of UEECA is understood with a transmission line model, which further provides a design strategy that can incorporate a variety of energy conversion devices. The concept is experimentally validated at a microwave frequency with a signal transfer ratio of 96% by choosing an RF diode as the energy converting sensor.
Fluorescence and Reflectance Spectroscopy for Identification of Atherosclerosis in Human Carotid Arteries Using Principal Components Analysis (2008)

Our results showed that principal components analysis could be applied to differentiate between normal and atherosclerotic tissue with high sensitivity and specificity.
Microfluidic continuous flow digital loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) (2014)

Digital nucleic acid detection is rapidly becoming a popular technique for ultra-sensitive and quantitative detection of nucleic acid molecules in a wide range of biomedical studies. Digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) remains the most popular way of conducting digital nucleic acid detection. However, due to the need for thermocycling, digital PCR is difficult to implement in a streamlined manner on a single microfluidic device, leading to complex fragmented workflows and multiple separate devices and instruments. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is an excellent isothermal alternative to PCR with potentially better specificity than PCR because of the use of multiple primer sets for a nucleic acid target. Here we report a microfluidic droplet device implementing all the steps required for digital nucleic acid detection including droplet generation, incubation and in-line detection for digital LAMP. As compared to microchamber or droplet array-based digital assays, the continuous flow operation of this device eliminates the constraints on the number of total reactions imposed by the footprint of the device and the analysis throughput caused by the time for lengthy incubation and transfer of materials between instruments.
A HilA-Independent Pathway to <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> Invasion Gene Transcription (1999)

Salmonella typhimurium invasion of nonphagocytic cells requires the expression of a type III secretion system (TTSS) encoded within Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1). TTSS gene transcription is activated in response to environmental signals and requires transcriptional regulators encoded within (HilA) and outside (SirA) SPI1. Two unique loci, sirB and sirC, which contribute to SPI1 gene transcription were defined. sirC is an SPI1-encoded transcription factor of the AraC family that contributes to the invasive phenotype. sirB is required for maximal expression of sirC and consists of two open reading frames located near kdsA, a gene involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. sirC expression, unlike expression of other SPI1 genes, does not require HilA. Overexpression of sirC or sirA restores expression of a subset of SPI1 genes, including invF and sspC, in the absence of HilA. These data define roles for SirC and SirA as part of a HilA-independent pathway to SPI1 gene expression. We postulate that HilA-independent activation of inv expression is important for efficient assembly and function of the SPI1 TTSS.