gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of ( – )-Invictolide, the Pheromone Component of the Red Imported Fire Ant (1987)

Journal Article Synthesis of ( – )-Invictolide, the Pheromone Component of the Red Imported Fire Ant Get access Shuji Senda, Shuji Senda Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kenji Mori Kenji Mori Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1–1–1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Address correspondence to this author. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 51, Issue 5, 1 May 1987, Pages 1379–1384, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1987.10868189 Published: 01 May 1987 Article history Received: 28 November 1986 Published: 01 May 1987
Dietary nutrient intakes and skin-aging appearance among middle-aged American women [Erratum: 2008 Aug., v. 88, no. 2, p. 480.] (2007)

BACKGROUND: Nutritional factors play a key role in normal dermatologic functioning. However, little is known about the effects of diet on skin-aging appearance. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the associations between nutrient intakes and skin-aging appearance. DESIGN: Using data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we examined associations between nutrient intakes and skin aging in 4025 women (40-74 y). Nutrients were estimated from a 24-h recall. Clinical examinations of the skin were conducted by dermatologists. Skin-aging appearance was defined as having a wrinkled appearance, senile dryness, and skin atrophy. RESULTS: Higher vitamin C intakes were associated with a lower likelihood of a wrinkled appearance [odds ratio (OR) 0.89; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.96] and senile dryness (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.99). Higher linoleic acid intakes were associated with a lower likelihood of senile dryness (OR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.88) and skin atrophy (OR: 0.78; 95% CI 0.65, 0.95). A 17-g increase in fat and a 50-g increase in carbohydrate intakes increased the likelihood of a wrinkled appearance (OR: 1.28 and 1.36, respectively) and skin atrophy (OR: 1.37 and 1.33, respectively). These associations were independent of age, race, education, sunlight exposure, income, menopausal status, body mass index, supplement use, physical activity, and energy intake. CONCLUSIONS: Higher intakes of vitamin C and linoleic acid and lower intakes of fats and carbohydrates are associated with better skin-aging appearance. Promoting healthy dietary behaviors may have additional benefit for skin appearance in addition to other health outcomes in the population.
In-situ Temperaturmessung beim Scherschneiden (2014)

Beim Scherschneiden von Blechwerkstoffen dissipiert ein groser Teil der Verformungsarbeit in der Scherzone in Warme. Die resultierende Temperaturerhohung kann den Scherschneidprozess in vielfaltiger Weise beeinflussen. Uber ein Werkzeug-Werkstuck-Thermoelement wurde in dieser Arbeit der sich zeitlich verandernde Temperaturverlauf an der Stempelschneidkante wahrend eines Schneidvorganges in Abhangigkeit diverser Prozessparameter erstmals aufgezeichnet. Aus der Auswertung der Temperaturverlaufe in Kombination mit weiteren Prozesskenngrosen konnten Wirkzusammenhange abgeleitet und analysiert werden, die ein verbessertes Prozessverstandnis ermoglichen und zur ganzheitlichen Optimierung des Scherschneidens beitragen.
Thermokinetics of the Formation Reaction of Zinc Histidine Complex (2002)

Abstract The enthalpy change of reaction of zinc chloride with L ‐α‐histidine in the temperature range of 25‐50 °C has been determined by a microcalorimeter. On the basis of experimental and calculated results, three thermodynamics parameters (the activation enthalpy, the activation entropy, the activation free energy), the rate constant and three kinetic parameters (the activation energy, the pre‐exponential constant and the reaction order) of the reaction, and the standard enthalpy of formation of Zn(His) 2+ (aq.) are obtained. The results showed that the title reaction easily took place at the studied temperature.
Comparative pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in men and women considering follicular and luteal phases. (1979)

The pharmacokinetics of paracetamol administered in a single dose were investigated and compared in young male and female subjects, considering follicular and luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The mean AUC for paracetamol in the blood of female subjects was significantly increased by 39% and 51%, respectively, taking into account the follicular and luteal phase, in comparison with the AUCs of male volunteers. The peak plasma concentration revealed significantly higher values in women in both phases, by 48% and 66%, respectively. The time to reach the peak concentration was shorter by 8% in follicular phase than in males. The difference was statistically insignificant. Elimination constant decreased in follicular phase by 15% and in luteal phase by 21% in comparison with males (the difference--statistically insignificant). The paracetamol half-life was longer (although not significantly) in women than in men: in follicular phase by 29 min, i.e. 15%, and in luteal phase by 65 min, i.e. 33%. The apparent volume of distribution was found to be significantly lower in the female group by 35% and 40% in follicular and luteal phase, respectively. Comparing data obtained in the follicular and luteal phase, it was shown that the AUC was larger, peak plasma concentration was higher and biological half-life was longer in luteal phase. It is likely that the differences in some pharmacokinetic parameters between men and women, as well as in women considering both phases of menstrual cycle, might be of clinical significance.
Evidence for a protective role of metallothionein-1 in focal cerebral ischemia (1999)

Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of metal binding proteins that have been proposed to participate in a cellular defense against zinc toxicity and free radicals. In the present study, we investigated whether increased expression of MT in MT-1 isoform-overexpressing transgenic mice (MT-TG) affords protection against mild focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Transient focal ischemia was induced in control (wild type) and MT-TG mice by occluding the right middle cerebral artery for 45 min. Upon reperfusion, cerebral edema slowly developed and peaked at 24 hr as shown by T2-weighted MRI. The volume of affected tissue was on the average 42% smaller in MT-TG mice compared with control mice at 6, 9, 24, and 72 hr and 14 days postreperfusion (P < 0.01). In addition, functional studies showed that 3 weeks after reperfusion MT-TG mice showed a significantly better motor performance compared with control mice (P = 0.011). Although cortical baseline levels of MT-1 mRNA were similar in control and MT-TG mice, there was an increase in MT-1 mRNA levels in the ischemic cortex of MT-TG mice to 7.5 times baseline levels compared with an increase to 2.3 times baseline levels in control mice 24 hr after reperfusion. In addition, MT-TG mice showed an increased MT immunoreactivity in astrocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and neurons 24 hr after reperfusion whereas in control mice MT immunoreactivity was restricted mainly to astrocytes and decreased in the infarcted tissue. These results provide evidence that increased expression of MT-1 protects against focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.
Neuromimetic ICs with analog cores: an alternative for simulating spiking neural networks (2007)

This paper aims at discussing the implementation of simulation systems for SNN based on analog computation cores (neuromimetic ICs). Such systems are an alternative to completely digital solutions for the simulation of spiking neurons or neural networks. Design principles for the neuromimetic ICs and the hosting systems are presented together with their features and performances. The authors summarize the existing architectures and neuron models used in such systems, when configured as stand-alone tools for simulating ANN or together with a neurophysiology set-up to study hybrid living artificial neural networks. As a primary illustration, the authors present results from one of the platforms: hardware simulations of single neurons and adaptive neural networks modeled using the Hodgkin-Huxley formalism for point neurons and spike-timing dependent plasticity algorithms for the network adaptation. Additional examples are detailed in the other papers of the session.
Bayesian clustering and feature selection for cancer tissue samples (2009)

Validatory analyses of simulated data and a large database of DNA copy number amplifications in human neoplasms are used to illustrate the potential of our approach. Our software implementation BASTA for performing Bayesian statistical tissue profiling is freely available for academic purposes at (http://web.abo.fi/fak/mnf/mate/jc/software/basta.html).
A network service development kit supporting the end-to-end lifecycle of NFV-based telecom services (2017)

Ongoing evolutions in the Network Function Virtualization (NFV) area show that software will play an increasingly important role within the telecommunication industry. It enables telco providers to faster introduce telecom services, combined with new possibilities to optimize and fine-tune operational performance. New virtualization and softwarization methods support fine-grained scaling of resources and highly-customizable configuration settings. Additionally, multi-datacenter topologies are available to deploy the Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) a service consists of. In this context, specialized tools are needed for debugging and validating the deployment, placement, chaining, configuration and scaling of network services, before the operator deploys the service in production. This demo showcases an open-source Software Development Kit (SDK), built to support NFV-based services throughout their whole lifecycle. During the demo, several example VNFs will be loaded into the SDK environment to demonstrate the features a service developer is envisioned to use, while either creating or updating NFV-based telecom services.
Biomimetic Simulation of Free Radical-Initiated Cascade Reactions Postulated To Occur at the Active Site of Ribonucleotide Reductases<sup>1</sup> (1999)

Treatment of 5‘-O-nitro esters of nucleosides with tributylstannane and AIBN at elevated temperatures caused β-scission of the resulting 5‘-oxygen radical to give formaldehyde and dehomologated erythrofuranosyl nucleosides. Analogous treatment of 6‘-O-nitro esters of homonucleosides [(5-deoxy-β-d-ribo-hexofuranosyl)adenine or uracil nucleosides derived from d-glucose] resulted in generation of a 6‘-oxygen radical followed by abstraction of H3‘ by a [1,5]-hydrogen shift. Radical quenching with tributyltin deuteride gave 3‘-[2H]homonucleosides. This deuterium transfer, and inversion of configuration at C3‘ with unprotected homonucleosides, confirmed the relay-generation of C3‘ free radicals. Analogous treatment of 6‘-O-nitro esters of homonucleosides containing a 2‘-chloro (30) or 2‘-O-tosyl (40) substituent resulted in complete disappearance of starting material and generation of (R)-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3(2H)-furanone (33). Generation of a 6‘-oxygen radical, [1,5]-hydrogen shift of H3‘ to give a C3‘ radical, and loss of the 2‘-substituent would give unstable intermediates that could lose the heterocyclic base from C1‘ to give 33. This radical-initiated cascade simulates reactions postulated to occur at the active site of ribonucleotide reductases. Generation of a C3‘ radical from 40 and loss of toluenesulfonic acid via a [1,2]-electron shift would generate a radical intermediate that could undergo deuterium transfer followed by β-elimination of the base to give the deuterated furanone 33, as observed. This is in harmony with a new mechanism for substrate reduction of nucleotides to give 2‘-deoxy products. Generation of a C3‘ radical from 30 and loss of a chlorine atom by β-radical elimination would result in conjugate elimination of base and generation of 33 without incorporation of deuterium, as observed. Thus, one-electron elimination processes (as well as the previously postulated two-electron loss with groups from C2‘) must be considered with mechanism-based inactivators of ribonucleotide reductases. Biomimetic reactions and new mechanistic considerations are discussed.
Roles of autophagy in androgen‑induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in castrated rats (2018)

The present study investigated the role of androgen in the process of androgen-induced prostate hyperplasia in castrated rats and assessed the role of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway in this process. Furthermore, the extent to which autophagy may affect the level of androgen-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia was also explored. A total of 40 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Testosterone group, rapamycin group, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group, and control group. The extent of hyperplasia in prostate tissue the apoptosis and autophagy were assayed. The prostate wet weight, volume and index in the testosterone group were significantly higher compared with the control group (P<0.05) and these factors were significantly lower in the rapamycin group compared with the testosterone group (P<0.05). HE staining demonstrated that prostate hyperplasia was obvious in the testosterone group. Western blotting revealed that caspase-3 levels were higher in the 3-MA group compared with the control group and Bcl-2 was higher in the testosterone group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, in the rapamycin group, Bcl-2 protein expression levels were significantly lower than those in the testosterone group (P<0.05). The prostate tissue was analyzed using electron microscopy and autophagy bodies were identified in the rapamycin group. In the process of androgen-induced prostatic hyperplasia in castrated rats, the role of androgen may be related to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Rapamycin was able to inhibit the effect of testosterone and promoted prostate tissue hyperplasia by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway. In addition to inhibiting apoptosis in prostate cells, androgen was able to induce rat prostate hyperplasia and may also be related to the promotion of the proliferation of prostate cells.
Shift work at young age is associated with increased risk for multiple sclerosis (2011)

The observed association between shift work at a young age and occurrence of MS in 2 independent studies strengthens the notion of a true relationship. Consequences of shift work such as circadian disruption and sleep restriction are associated with disturbed melatonin secretion and enhanced proinflammatory responses and may thus be part of the mechanism behind the association.
Skin rash during chronic hepatitis C therapy. (2010)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a significant clinical and public health challenge, with approximately 4.1 million individuals infected in the United States.1 The World Health Organization estimates that 3–4 million individuals are infected each year worldwide, with a global 170 million chronic HCV carriers at risk of developing liver cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. Various types of skin rash have been reported due to HCV infection, as well as anti-HCV treatment. Some skin rashes improve with anti-HCV treatment, whereas others worsen, necessitating the discontinuation of the treatment and the initiation of therapy targeted toward the rash itself. We describe 3 cases that illustrate the therapeutic dilemmas that can arise when a patient develops a skin rash during treatment with pegylated interferon alfa-2a with ribavirin.
Dataset Distillation (2018)

Model distillation aims to distill the knowledge of a complex model into a simpler one. In this paper, we consider an alternative formulation called dataset distillation: we keep the model fixed and instead attempt to distill the knowledge from a large training dataset into a small one. The idea is to synthesize a small number of data points that do not need to come from the correct data distribution, but will, when given to the learning algorithm as training data, approximate the model trained on the original data. For example, we show that it is possible to compress 60,000 MNIST training images into just 10 synthetic distilled images (one per class) and achieve close to original performance with only a few gradient descent steps, given a fixed network initialization. We evaluate our method in various initialization settings and with different learning objectives. Experiments on multiple datasets show the advantage of our approach compared to alternative methods.
Optimized High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Lamotrigine in Serum With Concomitant Determination of Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, and Carbamazepine Epoxide (1997)

Lamotrigine (LG), phenytoin (PY), carbamazepine (CM), and carbamazepine epoxide (CE) are measured with an optimized procedure that uses thin sorbent extraction disks and a highly selective, sterically protected bonded silica high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) column. Routinely, serum (200 microliters at pH 6.8 with cyheptamide as internal standard) is applied to an Empore octyl (C8) solid-phase extraction disk to isolate the drugs. a water wash removes interferences, and the retained drugs are eluted with a small volume of solvent. The eluate is directly injected onto a Zorbax Stable Bond cyanopropyl HPLC column with quantification at 214 nm. Evaporation-concentration steps are unnecessary. Overall, for all drugs, between-run precision coefficients of variation (n = 16 each) ranged from 2.1% to 4.9% at concentrations from 0.75 to 20.5 mg/l; extraction recoveries fell within a range of 96% to 110% at concentrations of 2, 10, and 30 mg/l tested for each drug; the lowest limit of detection was 0.15 to 0.35 mg/l. The analytical response was linear for each drug > 80 mg/l (LG) and > 50 mg/l (PY, CM, and CE). Optimization graphs are presented to illustrate the rationale for selection of test parameters for a robust method. In addition, a comparison study between two commercial laboratories demonstrates accuracy problems associated with LG testing.
Effects of Adaptive DC Biasing on Operational Margins in ERSFQ Circuits (2017)

Energy efficiency has become the primary parameter for the design of next-generation single flux quantum (SFQ) circuits. This, however, needs to be balanced with optimization for clock speed and bias margins. Here, we experimentally study the tradeoff between circuit activity, energy efficiency, and bias margins for zero static power dissipation ERSFQ circuits. For ERSFQ, dc power is provided by a Josephson transmission line (JTL) called a “feeding” JTL (FJTL), which acts as a voltage source. As a test case, shift registers and multiplexers were laid out and fabricated in both HYPRES's and MIT-LL's 10-kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> fabrication processes and tested at low (~kHz) and high (~GHz) clock frequencies. The functional bias margins for these circuits increase significantly from +/-4% to over +/-19% when the Josephson junction count in the FJTL was increased to ~30% of total dc bias current of the circuit. Based on our findings, we discuss how to optimize ERSFQ circuits for both energy efficiency and dc bias margins.
The potential usage of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against chemotherapy‐induced and radiotherapy‐induced toxicity (2012)

Protection of the patients against the side effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens has attracted increasing interest of clinicians and practitioners. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), which is extracted from the propolis of honeybee hives as an active component, specifically inhibits nuclear factor κB at micromolar concentrations and show ability to stop 5-lipoxygenase-catalysed oxygenation of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. CAPE has antiinflammatory, antiproliferative, antioxidant, cytostatic, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and antineoplastic properties. The purpose of this review is to summarize in vivo and in vitro usage of CAPE to prevent the chemotherapy-induced and radiotherapy-induced damages and side effects in experimental animals and to develop a new approach for the potential usage of CAPE in clinical trial as a protective agent during chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimens.
JiffyTune: circuit optimization using time-domain sensitivities (1998)

Automating the transistor and wire-sizing process is an important step toward being able to rapidly design high-performance, custom circuits. This paper presents a circuit optimization tool that automates the tuning task by means of state-of-the-art nonlinear optimization. It makes use of a fast circuit simulator and a general-purpose nonlinear optimization package. It includes minimax and power optimization, simultaneous transistor and wire tuning, general choices of objective functions and constraints, and recovery from nonworking circuits. In addition, the tool makes use of designer-friendly interfaces that automate the specification of the optimization task, the running of the optimizer, and the back-annotation of the results of optimization onto the circuit schematic. Particularly for large circuits, gradient computation is usually the bottleneck in the optimization procedure. In addition to traditional adjoint and direct methods, we use a technique called the adjoint Lagrangian method, which computes all the gradients necessary for one iteration of optimization in a single adjoint analysis. This paper describes the algorithms and the environment in which they are used and presents extensive circuit optimization results. A circuit with 6900 transistors, 4128 tunable transistors, and 60 independent parameters was optimized in about 108 min of CPU time on an IBM RISC/System 6000, model 590.
Effect of 17α-Dihydroequilin Sulfate, a Conjugated Equine Estrogen, and Ethynylestradiol on Atherosclerosis in Cholesterol-Fed Rabbits (1995)

The effect of 17 alpha-dihydroequilin sulfate (DHES), a water-soluble estrogen of conjugated estrogens (Premarin), and ethynylestradiol (EE), a commonly used estrogen found in many oral contraceptives, on the development of atherosclerosis was studied in rabbits fed an atherogenic diet (0.2% cholesterol) for 24 weeks. Ten animals were given 15 micrograms. kg-1.d-1 EE, 10 received 3.8 mg.kg-1.d-1 of DHES, and the remaining 10 sham-ovariectomized and 10 ovariectomized animals served as cholesterol-fed controls. These doses were chosen to have similar estrogenic potency. Plasma cholesterol concentrations increased to about 900 mg/dL and did not differ among the experimental groups. After 24 weeks, plasma beta-VLDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations were the same for all cholesterol-fed groups, while LDL cholesterol was significantly higher in the two estrogen-treated groups. In spite of this, both EE and DHES significantly reduced atherosclerosis by 35% in the aortic arch and 75% to 80% in the thoracic and abdominal aorta. The reduction in atherosclerosis was seen in animals with a wide range (400 to 1400 mg/dL) of plasma cholesterol concentrations and was independent of lipoprotein profile. beta-VLDL isolated from estrogen-treated animals was not significantly different from control beta-VLDL in its ability to stimulate cholesterol accumulation in THP-1 macrophages in culture. This suggests that the protective effect of estrogens on the development of atherosclerosis is not mediated by qualitative differences in beta-VLDL that affect uptake by macrophages. The results of this study extend our knowledge of the range of estrogens that reduce atherosclerosis. Given the lack of effect on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, these data are consistent with the conclusion that estrogens exert some of this beneficial effect directly at the level of the arterial wall by influencing certain key components in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.