gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of the properties and the structural configurations of fatty acid methyl esters on the properties of biodiesel fuel: a review (2014)

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that is suitable for both stationary and automotive engines. It consists of fatty acid methyl esters and fatty acid ethyl esters when vegetable oils are transesterified with methanol and ethanol respectively. The structural configuration and properties of individual fatty acid methyl esters can significantly influence the biodiesel properties. The purpose of the present work is to review the effects of the properties and the structural configurations of fatty acid methyl esters on various biodiesel properties. The structural configuration includes the molecular structure, the chain length, the saturated or unsaturated nature, the degree of unsaturation and the position of double bonds. Important properties of fatty acid methyl esters are reviewed, and a large number of data consisting of their reported values are given. The viscosity, the cetane number, the heat of combustion, the density, the bulk modulus and compressibility, the iodine value, the oxidative stability, the low-temperature properties, the boiling point, the lubricity, the saponification value, the surface tension, the specific heat, the latent heat of vaporization and the flash point are reviewed in the present study. The reported mathematical equations for estimating the properties of fatty acid compounds and biodiesel are presented. A few studies that recommend enrichment of a particular fatty acid (or acids) which is possible through genetic modification to improve the overall biodiesel properties are also cited. The contribution of a particular fatty acid (or acids) favours some properties while it has an undesirable effect on other properties. Hence the specification of one particular fatty acid profile to improve all the properties of biodiesel is not possible. Considering the low-temperature properties and the oxidative stability, a combination of both saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids is necessary. Therefore, it is important to decide whether a biodiesel should contain a larger amount of saturated fatty acid esters or unsaturated fatty acid esters in order to obtain better fuel properties. The inherent genetic modification of the fatty acid profile could be the best possibility for addressing several fuel property issues simultaneously.
PROLACTIN CONCENTRATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH ACROMEGALY: CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE AND RESPONSE TO SURGERY (1976)

Basal serum prolactin and growth hormone (GH) concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in forty patients with acromegaly. GH concentrations were elevated in all patients studied before treatment and prolactin levels were raised in seven of twenty-six patients. Of the thirty-two patients reviewed after treatment (which in most cases was transsphenoidal hypophysectomy) twenty-five had GH concentrations below 5 ng/ml and twenty-nine had normal prolactin levels. In eighteen patients hormone measurements were made both before and after hypophysectomy: though GH levels fell in all but one, prolactin fell in only six patients. They were not significantly changed in eleven patients. There was no correlation of GH and prolactin either before or after surgery. Seven patients had greatly elevated prolactin levels and in four of these there was evidence of upward extension of a pituitary tumour on air encephalogram (AEG). Only one patient with a normal prolactin level had an abnormal AEG. Two patients with elevated prolactin concentrations and normal AEGs had a parallel fall of prolactin and GH in response to surgery. Four of the five hyperprolactinaemic men complained of loss of libido: in three gonadotrophin concentrations before and after treatment were normal. We conclude that there is no overall correlation of GH and prolactin levels in patients with acromegaly. Seven of twenty-six untreated patients (27%) had hyperprolactinaemia. We suggest that in these patients a raised prolactin level may be due either to interference with the normal inhibitory control mechanism of prolactin by suprasellar extension or, more rarely, to secretion of both GH and prolactin by the tumour itself. A high prolactin concentration may be the cause of the impotence of which some patients with acromegaly complain.
Formation and Properties of Some Chlorocarbonyl Complexes of Ruthenium(II) and Ruthenium(III)<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation and Properties of Some Chlorocarbonyl Complexes of Ruthenium(II) and Ruthenium(III)1Jack Halpern, Brian R. James, and Anthony L. W. KempCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 22, 5142–5147Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00974a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views436Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (637 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A study of intents resolving for service discovery (2014)

Intents is an emerging framework which is employed for service discovery and integration. Currently the main strategy applied in Intents for resolving an intent message is exactly matching which may miss some valuable service candidates for the user. In order to address this issue, techniques in Information Retrieval (IR) are potential alternatives to find the missing services. This paper makes an empirical study of some classic IR techniques on a practical Intents dataset and demonstrates the findings of interest from the experiments which can be employed in designing matching schemes based on similarity.
Criteria to Assess In Vivo Performance and Bioequivalence of Generic Controlled‐Release Formulations of Carbamazepine (1998)

The additional parameters examined may supplement the traditional single-point parameters, Cmax and tmax, for assessment of rate of absorption and the flatness of the concentration curve. Their potential benefit and practical utility was confirmed in these two studies. Absorption-rate assessment is important in light of concentration-related side effects associated with CBZ therapy and the impact of fluctuations and the flatness of the CBZ plasma concentration curve on the drug efficacy and tolerability.
The Role of Rac1 in Glycoprotein Ib-IX–Mediated Signal Transduction and Integrin Activation (2012)

A Lyn-Vav-Rac1-PI3K-Akt pathway mediates von Willebrand factor-induced activation of integrin α(IIb)β(3) to promote GPIb-IX-dependent platelet activation.
Circulating Tumor Cells, DNA, and mRNA: Potential for Clinical Utility in Patients With Melanoma (2015)

Scientific advancement has enabled the rapid development of tools to analyze circulating tumor cells, tumor DNA, and messenger RNA, collectively termed circulating tumor products (CTPs). A variety of techniques have emerged to detect and characterize melanoma CTPs; however, only a fraction has been applied to human subjects. This review summarizes the available human data that investigate clinical utility of CTP in cancer screening, melanoma diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and genetic or molecular characterization. It provides a rationale for how CTPs may be useful for future research and discusses how clinicians can be involved in developing this exciting new technology.
Mobile web services mediation framework (2007)

Mobile data services in combination with profluent Web services are seemingly the path breaking domain in current information systems research. In mobile Web services sphere, resource constrained mobile terminals are used as both Web services clients and providers. While service delivery and management from Mobile Host are technically feasible, the ability to provide proper quality of service (QoS) and discovery mechanisms for the huge number of services possible with Mobile Hosts is observed to be very critical. We have studied the security, scalability and discovery aspects of the mobile Web services and the analysis has identified the necessity of a mediation framework. This paper summarizes our QoS and discovery research and discusses the realization details and features of our enterprise service bus technology based integration framework for mobile Web service provisioning.
Spectral Comparison Theorem for the Dirac Equation (1999)

We consider a single particle which is bound by a central potential and obeys the Dirac equation. We compare two cases, $a$ and $b$, in which the masses are the same but ${V}_{a}<{V}_{b}$, where $V$ is the time component of a vector potential. We prove generally that for each discrete eigenvalue $E$ whose corresponding (large and small) radial wave functions have no nodes, it necessarily follows that ${E}_{a}<{E}_{b}$. As an illustration, this general relativistic comparison theorem is applied to approximate the Dirac spectrum generated by a screened-Coulomb potential.
Motorcycle Stability Control - The Next Generation of Motorcycle Safety and Riding Dynamics (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS) for motorcycles have already contributed significantly to the safety of powered two-wheelers (PTW) on public roads by improving bike stability and controllability in emergency braking situations.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to address further riding situations, another step forward has been achieved with Motorcycle Stability Control (MSC) system. By combining ABS, electronically combined braking system (eCBS), traction control and inertial sensors even in situations like braking and accelerating in corners the riders' safety can be improved. The MSC system controls the distribution of braking and traction forces using an algorithm that takes into account all available vehicle information from wheels, power train and vehicle attitude. With its ability to control fundamental vehicle dynamics, the MSC system will be a basis for further development and integration of comprehensive safety systems.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The contribution of ABS towards motorcycle safety has been confirmed by numerous international research studies, making it the safety technology with the highest possible benefit for motorcycles available today. Recent investigations by Bosch accident researchers show the contribution of the MSC system to further increase the safety benefit for motorcycle riders by extending the acceleration and braking control functions to cover more riding situations. The MSC systems could avoid more than every 3<sup>rd</sup> accident with casualties involving a motorcycle in Germany.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper focuses on these new motorcycle technologies developed with centralized system architecture and their safety benefits in preventing and mitigating motorcycle accidents with injuries and fatalities.</div></div>
Comparison of Topiramate Concentrations in Plasma and Serum by Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay (2000)

Topiramate has been recently licensed as an antiepileptic drug. A fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), the Innofluor, has been developed to determine topiramate in heparinized plasma. Since therapeutic drug monitoring laboratories may not have control over collection of the samples submitted to them, it is important for analytical methods to be robust and able to cope with any specimen. The effect of different anticoagulants on the topiramate FPIA assay was investigated by collecting blood from 50 patients with epilepsy being maintained on a range of topiramate doses as part of their therapy. After venesection the blood was divided among four tubes: plain, heparinized, EDTA, and fluoride/oxalate. Erythrocytes were separated by centrifugation and supernatant fluid frozen to await duplicate assay by FPIA. Results were compared by means of Altman and Bland difference plots which indicated that there was no significant difference between values obtained with heparinized plasma and the other fluids. It was concluded that the Innofluor assay is robust and gives similar results when blood samples are collected into any of the specified anticoagulants.
The Dose Response and Effects of Dexamethasone on Bupivacaine Microcapsules for Intercostal Blockade (T9 to T11) in Healthy Volunteers (2003)

Biodegradable microcapsules containing bupivacaine/dexamethasone produce an anesthetic duration of 7–11 days in animal models. In this investigation, we explored the effect of increasing doses (Part 1) and the effect of including dexamethasone (Part 2) on the onset, density, and duration of analgesia and anesthesia produced by bupivacaine microcapsules. Concentrations ranging from 0.3125% to 5.0% in microcapsules were compared with 0.25% aqueous bupivacaine (bilateral injection, three intercostal nerves, 2 mL per nerve) (Part 1). Part 2 compared 2.5% microcapsules with or without the inclusion of dexamethasone by unilateral blockade. Sensory block was assessed by pinprick, temperature sensation, and subjective numbness (0, not numb; 10, totally numb). Pharmacodynamic assessments and plasma drug concentrations of bupivacaine and dexamethasone were measured for 96 h. The onset time was reduced and the duration of analgesia increased over the 0.3125%–5.0% dose range (P < 0.02). Onset with 2.5% microcapsules approximated that of 0.25% aqueous bupivacaine. Microcapsule block duration increased to at least 96 h and was significantly longer than aqueous bupivacaine (P < 0.001). Inclusion of dexamethasone increased the duration of pinprick anesthesia in 2.5% microcapsules (P = 0.03). We conclude that bupivacaine/dexamethasone microcapsules are well tolerated and demonstrate a dose-related effect in onset and duration of intercostal blockade. Inclusion of dexamethasone increases intercostal block anesthesia.
Protective and restorative effects of a <i>Commiphora mukul</i> gum resin and triheptanoin preparation on the CCL‐110 skin fibroblast cell line (2011)

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a major ingredient in skin care products because of its anti-wrinkle effects, although it has some side effects especially at higher amounts. In this study, we compare the anti-wrinkle related properties of CoQ10 and a proprietary Commiphora mukul gum resin (guggul) and triheptanoin preparation (GU-TC7). GU-TC7 is prepared with a supercritical CO₂-co-solvent extraction with ethanol, standardized to 2% guggulsterones and triheptanoin, a triglyceride composed of three 7-carbon fatty acids. Treatment of CCL-110 skin fibroblasts with GU-TC7 demonstrates a mild proliferative effect compared to CoQ10 and increased type I collagen synthesis. Additionally, GU-TC7 inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression in a dose-dependent manner at 20-100 μg mL⁻¹ and inhibited human elastase expression by more than 50% as compared to no elastase inhibition with CoQ10 treatment. These results suggest that GU-TC7 possesses properties that are applicable to the treatment of wrinkles and may be considered for its further evaluation in skin care products.
Side‐chain type liquid‐crystalline polyethers, 2 Effects of mesogenic moieties on the thermal properties and their self‐assembly behaviour (1995)

Abstract A series of polyethers having mesogenic moieties connected to the backbone without flexible spacer in the side‐chain were prepared by ring‐opening polymerization of the corresponding glycidyl ether derivatives containing various mesogens. As the mesogenic side‐chains, tolan and phenylene units with alkoxy or alkoxycarbonyl groups were introduced and compared with biphenyl type mesogens. The polyether with tolan derivative having butoxy group as the side‐chain end exhibited two kinds of highly ordered smectic phases. On the other hand, in the case of biphenyl or tolan as the rigid‐core, introduction of ester group as an end‐group decreased the thermal stability of liquid‐crystalline phase as compared with the case of alkoxy group as the end group. The polyethers with the p ‐alkoxyphenyl group in the side‐chain exhibited a smectic A phase which formed a bilayer structure, while no mesophase was observed for those having the p ‐alkoxycarbonylphenyl group in the side‐chain. The self‐assembly of bilayer structures, which consist of hydrophilic layer (polyether backbone) and hydrophobic layer (side‐chain), might be responsible for the appearance of liquid‐crystallinity in such polyethers whose mesogen consists only of a simple phenylene ring.
Production of idiotypic and anti-idiotypic antibodies by BALB/c mice in response to immunizations with glucagon, vasopressin, or insulin: supporting evidence for the network concept. (1986)

After immunizations with glucagon or vasopressin, either conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin or adsorbed to polyvinylpyrrolidone, both anti-hormone and anti-receptor activities were detectable in the serum of injected mice. Anti-hormone activity was identified by ELISA techniques; anti-receptor activity, by determining the ability of serum samples to compete with labeled hormone for glucagon or vasopressin receptors on rat liver plasma membranes. Anti-receptor activity appeared only after the peak anti-hormone response to each immunogen had been established, and required intensive immunizations (six to nine monthly injections). The presence of anti-idiotypic antibodies in serum samples containing glucagon or vasopressin anti-receptor activity was confirmed by demonstrating selective binding of such samples to corresponding rabbit idiotypic antibodies. Serum from mice immunized with insulin also contained anti-hormone activity, as determined by ELISA, and anti-receptor activity, as determined by noting insulin-mimicking properties in stimulating glucose transport in rat adipocytes. The anti-insulin receptor activity developed after only one boost with the hormone. These results are consistent with Jerne's network hypothesis in that the glucagon, vasopressin, and insulin anti-receptor activity may be attributed to antibodies produced in mice as part of an idiotypic-anti-idiotypic network.
LYCOPODIUM ALKALOIDS: XII. FLABELLIFORMINE (1962)

Evidence is furnished which establishes the structure of a new alkaloid isolated from Lycopodium flabelliforme.
Serum fatty acid in patients with acute myocardial infarction in Gorgan (2012)

Introduction: The present study aimed to assess serum fatty acid in patients with acute myocardial infarction in Gorgan, Iran. Material and Methods: The study conducted on the thirty and five subjects with acute myocardial infarction who were referred to the intensive Coronary Care Unit in 5th Azar in Gorgan. Results: The content of palmitoleic acid (16:1) was significantly higher in serum fatty acid of the patients than of the control groups (P=0.019), whereas oleic acid (18:1), linoleic acid (18:2), _-linolenic acid (18:3), arachidonic acid (20:4) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) were significantly higher in the control groups than the patients (P<0.0001, P=0.013, P=0.042), P=0,001 and P=0.022 respectively). Conclusion: This study showed that the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum fatty acid component was decreased in acute myocardial infarction patients. These results suggest that there may be some protective effects of poly unsaturated fatty acid against myocardial infarction.
Using Early Data in HTTP (2018)

Using TLS early data creates an exposure to the possibility of a
replay attack. This document defines mechanisms that allow clients to
communicate with servers about HTTP requests that are sent in early
data. Techniques are described that use these mechanisms to mitigate
the risk of replay.
Problem of optimal placement of data files in large-scale unreliable distributed systems (2017)

Large-scale systems use distributed data processing systems in their work. An important problem in the design of such systems is the optimal allocation of data files by the nodes of the computer network. The article deals with the problem of the optimal allocation of files and their copies over the nodes of an unreliable large-scale distributed system.
Dramatic influence of the substitution of alkylidene-5H-furan-2-ones in Diels–Alder cycloadditions with o-quinonedimethide as diene partner: en route to the CDEF polycyclic ring system of lactonamycin (2012)

An efficient and rapid synthesis of the CDEF ring system of lactonamycinone is reported via a highly chemo- and diastereoselective intermolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition between trans-1,2-disilyloxybenzocyclobutene and the appropriate γ-alkylidenebutenolide. The feasibility and the total chemoselectivity of the [4 + 2] cycloaddition for the construction of a spirolactone moiety via an intramolecular approach (IMDA) using both partners is also described demonstrating the versatility of the γ-alkylidenebutenolide building block.
Varicose veins: a clinical profile (2021)

Background: The CEAP classification includes classifying varicose veins on the basis of their clinical, etiological, anatomical and pathophysiological classification.Methods: It was a prospective study of 50 patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Kamothe, Maharashtra with varicose veins over a period of 2 years (November 2019 to November 2021). Institute Ethics Committee approval was obtained before start of study. All patients clinically diagnosed of symptomatic or complicated primary lower limb varicose veins with saphenofemoral and/or sapheno-popliteal incompetence with or without perforator incompetence were included. All cases with recurrent varicose veins were excluded. Result was tabulated and analysed at the end of the study using IBM SPSS software.Results: The age group with maximum varicose vein was between 21-30 years and incidence being more common in male population. The majority of the patients had massive varicose veins (C2). Pain was the most frequent presenting symptom. The majority of the study group had both saphenofemoral junction and perforator incompetence. Primary varicose veins are far more common (76%) than secondary and congenital varicose veins.Conclusions: Varicose veins are highly common in the Indian population. The CEAP classification has been a major contributor to advances in the field of varicose veins since its inception, and it has now become universally accepted due to its simplicity and reliability.