gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Taxocenose de anuros (Amphibia: Anura) em uma área de Floresta Ombrófila Densa no Sul do Brasil (2010)

A riqueza de espécies, o uso de habitat e a identificação das principais ameaças sobre uma taxocenose de anfíbios anuros foram determinadas ao longo de 19 meses, em uma localidade originalmente coberta de Floresta Ombrófila Densa no município de Morretes, Paraná, Brasil. Foram registradas 32 espécies de anuros pertencentes a 10 famílias. A anurofauna local apresenta 58% das espécies associadas à ambientes de área aberta e 42% associadas à ambientes florestais. Dentre todos os modos reprodutivos registrados, o modo tipo um - ovos e larvas exotróficas em habitats lênticos, foi o mais comum, especialmente em Hylidae. A atividade de desmatamento, que atualmente é umas das causas de maior efeito negativo sobre populações de anfíbios, ocorre a pelo menos 28 anos nessa região. Iniciativas de conservação e o manejo adequado da área são necessários para que a diversidade de anuros possa ser preservada.
Believable Virtual Characters in Human-Computer Dialogs (2011)

For many application areas, where a task is most naturally represented by talking or where standard input devices are difficult to use or not available at all, virtual characters can be well suited as an intuitive man-machineinterface due to their inherent ability to simulate verbal as well as nonverbal communicative behavior. This type of interface is made possible with the help of multimodal dialog systems, which extend common speech dialog systems with additional modalities just like in human-human interaction. Multimodal dialog systems consist at least of an auditive and graphical component, and communication is based on speech and nonverbal communication alike. However, employing virtual characters as personal and believable dialog partners in multimodal dialogs entails several challenges, because this requires not only a reliable and consistent motion and dialog behavior but also regarding nonverbal communication and affective components. Besides modeling the mind and creating intelligent communication behavior on the encoding side, which is an active field of research in artificial intelligence, the visual representation of a character including its perceivable behavior, from a decoding perspective, such as facial expressions and gestures, belongs to the domain of computer graphics and likewise implicates many open issues concerning natural communication. Therefore, in this report we give a comprehensive overview how to go from communication models to actual animation and rendering.
FACTORS INFLUENCING FLOW PATTRENS, TEMPERATURE FIELDS AND CONSEQUENT DRYING RATES IN SPRAY DRYING (1991)

ABSTRACT The PSI-Cell model is used to predict flow patterns and drying rates for laboratory-scale spray dryers. The liquid feed is water, with atomization producing a spectrum of droplet sizes. An analysis of the cause-and-effect relationships determining droplet trajectories, temperature fields, the location and magnitude of the backflow recirculation effect, and drying rates provides insight into the factors governing spray-air contacting and dryer performance. Independent effects are assessed for spray angle, dryer column diameter, initial droplet size distribution and droplet velocity (separately and as linked through atomizer pressure), air/water flow ratio, and liquid volatility. Inferences are made for effective dryer design, selection of operating conditions, and logic for scale-up.
DNA-mediated cotransfer of unlinked mammalian cell markers into mouse L cells. (1980)

Purified DNA from three different types of mammalian cells was precipitated with calcium phosphate and added to mouse L cells deficient in thymidine kinase (TK). Donor DNA was prepared from three cell lines: (a) mouse cells transfected with UV-inactivated herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1, or a purified fragment of HSV carrying the TK gene (b) human HeLa cells, and (c( CHO, a cell line derived from Chinese hamster ovaries. Several hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine resistant colonies were isolated from each experiment. The origin of the TK that is expressed in these cells was studied by polyacrylamide gel electrohporesis, isoelectric focusing, or heat stability. The TK in all instances was of the donor origin. To determine the extent of gene transfer we have assayed the CHO and HeLa DNA transfectants for galactokinase (GALK), a marker closely linked to TK, and 25 other isozymes representing a large number of different chromosomes. No cotransfer of GALK was observed, indicating that the size of the transferred DNA segment is limited. We observed that, in one instance, esterase-D, an unlinked marker of Chinese hamster origin, was transferred along with TK. These experiments indicate that nonselected markers can be transferred by this method, although at a low efficiency.
Using the Right Green Yardstick: Why Process Mass Intensity Is Used in the Pharmaceutical Industry To Drive More Sustainable Processes (2011)

There have been a many publications and much discussion about green metrics. While many have been proposed, The American Chemical Society Green Chemistry Institute’s Pharmaceutical Roundtable has chosen process mass intensity (PMI) as the key, high-level metric for evaluating and benchmarking progress towards more sustainable manufacturing. This paper provides the philosophical and technical arguments on why PMI was chosen above other related metrics such as E factor or atom economy.
Time-resolved pyrolysis mass spectrometry of coal: a new tool for mechanistic and kinetic studies (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTime-resolved pyrolysis mass spectrometry of coal: a new tool for mechanistic and kinetic studiesTanmoy Chakravarty, Willem Windig, George R. Hill, Henk L. C. Meuzelaar, and M. Rashid KhanCite this: Energy Fuels 1988, 2, 4, 400–405Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00010a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00010a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Liriodenine, A Nitrogen-Containing Pigment of Yellow Poplar Heartwood (Liriodendron tulipifera, L.) (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiriodenine, A Nitrogen-Containing Pigment of Yellow Poplar Heartwood (Liriodendron tulipifera, L.)M. A. BUCHANAN and E. E. DICKEYCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 8, 1389–1391Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01078a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01078a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Captopril preserves function and ultrastructure in experimental radiation nephropathy. (1996)

Captopril protects rat lung from radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis and preserves function and survival in experimental radiation nephropathy. This study determined the structural benefit of captopril used preventively in radiation nephropathy. Twenty-eight Wag/RijMCW rats, divided in six groups, received 0 to 17 Gray total body irradiation followed by syngeneic bone marrow transplant. Captopril 0, 62.5, 125, 250, or 500 mg/l was given in the drinking water from the time of irradiation, and the rats were killed at 20 weeks. Using light and electron microscopy, kidneys of irradiated no-drug rats showed glomerular tuft capsular adhesions and hyalinization, focal tubular necrosis, severe interstitial fibrosis, and marked thickening and hyaline degeneration of the wall of interlobular arteries and arterioles, with intimal proliferation and periadventitial edema and inflammation. Lumens of the smaller arteries were often occluded. Significant collagen deposition was present in glomeruli, interstitium, and adventitia of interlobular arteries. Marked reduction of glomerular, tubular, vascular, and interstitial damage was seen in irradiated, captopril-treated animals, with only mild focal tubular interstitial injury and fibrosis seen. alpha smooth muscle actin-positive cells, probably myofibroblasts, were enhanced in the irradiated kidneys, and this expression was reduced in a dose-related fashion by captopril. There was also reduction in the arteriolar wall thickening, luminal occlusion, and collagen deposition in captopril-treated animals. The presence of elastin was not affected by radiation or drug treatment. Blood pressure and azotemia were lower and survival was higher in irradiated drug-treated rats compared with irradiated no-drug rats. We conclude that captopril exerts significant functional and structural protection against renal radiation injury. There was notable reduction in radiation-induced fibrosis in captopril-treated animals in this model, as in experimental lung radiation injury.
An high voltage CMOS voltage regulator for automotive alternators with programmable functionalities and full reverse polarity capability (2010)

This paper presents an innovative and effective approach to design and test a regulator for an automotive alternator with programmable functionalities. The prototype system consists of two different parts: an integrated circuit (IC) and a FPGA. The IC, implemented in austriamicrosystems HVCMOS 0.35 ¿m technology, includes all the high voltage parts and a power switch with very low ON resistance. It is able to manage full reverse polarity on every pin, including the reverse battery condition, and over voltages up to 50 V. The programmability is guaranteed through the FPGA. This prototype system can be used to develop a new type of intelligent smart and flexible regulators which implement many additional programmable functions that give the car maker a better control and allow to reduce vehicle fuel consumption and CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emissions. In the demonstrator all the implemented functions, including regulation, can be changed during the development phase and many properties, including loop stability, can be checked before releasing a final version of the regulator. The proposed system is also included in a standard brush-holder that can be mounted on Valeo Engine and Electrical System mechatronic alternator and verified directly in a real application.
Zinc‐Catalyzed Amide Cleavage and Esterification of β‐Hydroxyethylamides (2012)

Snipping tool: Zn(OTf)2 is an efficient catalyst for selective cleavage of amides bearing a β-hydroxyethyl group on the nitrogen atom. The mechanism involves an N,O-acyl rearrangement and transesterification. This new catalytic system can be applied to sequence-specific peptide bond scission at the amine side of a serine residue. Tf=trifluoromethanesulfonyl.
Requiem for the Truth-in-Packaging Bill? (1966)

Is the “Truth-in-Packaging Bill” dead or not? More precisely, what about Senator Philip A. Hart's “Fair Packaging and Labeling Act” (S.985)?
Transgenic mouse lines with ectopic expression of  -1, 3-galactosyltransferase: production and characteristics (1993)

The cDNA of murine alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase was placed under the control of the beta-actin promoter and cytomegalovirus enhancer, then introduced into male pronuclei of fertilized mouse eggs. The three transgenic mouse lines obtained were analysed for the expression of the transferase by staining with Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin I-B4 (GSI-B4), which is alpha-galactosyl specific. Compared with wild-type mice, all lines of transgenic mice expressed GSI-B4 binding sites more intensely in the renal tubular brush border and lung alveolar epithelium, and newly expressed them in the photoreceptor outer segments, goblet cells of the small intestine and around spermatogonia. GSI-B4 binding sites were also detected in the liver of some transgenic mice. Even though the introduced enzyme gene was expressed in embryos, it did not severely hinder embryogenesis. The transgenic mice tended to secrete more proteins in the urine than the wild type. Furthermore, low body weights, partial damage to hair growth and early death occurred more frequently in the transgenic mice.
Cluster Correction on Polysemy and Synonymy (2017)

Document clustering (or text clustering) is the application of cluster analysis to textual documents. It has applications in automatic document organization, topic extraction and fast information retrieval or filtering. At the same time, there are still many challenges, for example the accuracy of clustering needs to be improved. In this regard, the process of cluster correction becomes the object of analysis. In this paper, we focus on the polysemy and synonymy issue in clustering process. Polysemy represents the ambiguity of an individual word or phrase that can be used (in different contexts) to express two or more different meanings. However, synonymy is the semantic relation that holds between two or more words that can (in a given context) express the same meaning. These two conditions will affect our results of clustering. In order that, we use bag of words model to distinguish contexts of the same words and word2vec to re-cluster word with the similar meaning. Cosine similarity is also use to measure of similarity between two nonzero vectors in these two model.
Purification of the Serine Palmitoyltransferase Complex Responsible for Sphingoid Base Synthesis by Using Affinity Peptide Chromatography Techniques (2000)

Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), a membrane-bound enzyme of the endoplasmic reticulum, catalyzes the condensation of palmitoyl coenzyme A (CoA) and L-serine to produce 3-ketodihydrosphingosine. This enzyme contains at least two different subunits, named the LCB1 and LCB2 proteins. In the present study, we expressed a FLAG- and His(6) peptide-tagged version of the hamster LCB1 protein in a Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant strain lacking the endogenous LCB1 subunit and purified SPT from the cells near to homogeneity by affinity peptide chromatography. The endogenous LCB2 protein was co-purified with the tagged LCB1 protein in purification of SPT. In various aspects, including optimum pH, acyl-CoA specificity, and sphingofungin sensitivity, the activity of purified SPT was consistent with the activity detected in lysates of wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells. The optimum concentration of palmitoyl-CoA for 3-ketodihydrosphingosine formation by purified SPT was approximately 25 microM, and the apparent K(m) of L-serine was 0.28 mM. Competition analysis of the SPT reaction with various serine analogs showed that all of the amino, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups of L-serine were responsible for the substrate recognition of the enzyme. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of purified SPT, together with immunoprecipitation analysis of metabolically labeled LCB proteins, strongly suggested that the SPT enzyme consisted of the LCB1 and LCB2 proteins with a stoichiometry of 1:1.
Models and Algorithms for Stochastic Online Scheduling (2006)

We consider a model for scheduling under uncertainty. In this model, we combine the main characteristics of online and stochastic scheduling in a simple and natural way. Job processing times are assumed to be stochastic, but in contrast to traditional stochastic scheduling models, we assume that jobs arrive online, and there is no knowledge about the jobs that will arrive in the future. The model incorporates both stochastic scheduling and online scheduling as a special case. The particular setting we consider is nonpreemptive parallel machine scheduling, with the objective to minimize the total weighted completion times of jobs. We analyze simple, combinatorial online scheduling policies for that model, and derive performance guarantees that match performance guarantees previously known for stochastic and online parallel machine scheduling, respectively. For processing times that follow new better than used in expectation (NBUE) distributions, we improve upon previously best-known performance bounds from stochastic scheduling, even though we consider a more general setting.
How will companies cope with the skyrocketing costs of retiree health benefits? (1989)

Escalating costs, proposed changes in accounting procedures and legal constraints have combined to make retiree health benefits increasingly the focus of management concern, Mr. Cole observes. He outlines options that may help employers cope with the dilemma.
Genome size of Myxococcus xanthus determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (1990)

Genomic DNA of the myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus was digested with the rare cutting restriction endonuclease AseI or SpeI, and the restriction products were separated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Transposons Tn5-132 and Tn5 lac, which contain AseI restriction sites, were used to determine the number of restriction fragments in each band. The size of the genome was determined by adding the molecular sizes of the restriction products. The genomes of strains DK101, MD2, and DZF1 have identical restriction patterns and were estimated to be 9,454 +/- 101 kilobase pairs from the AseI digestions and 9,453 +/- 106 kilobase pairs from the SpeI digestions. DK1622, which was derived from DK101 by treatment with UV light, has suffered a 220- to 222-kilobase-pair deletion that removed an AseI and an SpeI restriction site. The deleted DNA may consist exclusively of Mx alpha-associated sequences.
On the Design and Execution of Cyber-Security User Studies: Methodology, Challenges, and Lessons Learned (2011)

Real-world data collection poses an important challenge in the security field. Insider and masquerader attack data collection poses even a greater challenge. Very few organizations acknowledge such breaches because of liability concerns and potential implications on their market value. This caused the scarcity of real-world data sets that could be used to study insider and masquerader attacks. Moreover, user studies conducted to collect such data lack rigor in their design and execution. In this paper, we present the methodology followed to conduct a user study and build a data set for evaluating masquerade attack detection techniques. We discuss the design, technical, and procedural challenges encountered during our own masquerade data gathering project, and share some of the lessons learned from this several-year project.
Discrete Surfaces for Architectural Design (2007)

<p>Geometric problems originating in architecture can lead to interesting research and results in geometry processing, computer aided geometric design, and discrete différential geometry. In this article we survey this development and consider an important problem of this kind: Discrete surfaces (meshes) which admit a multi-layered geometric support structure. It turns out that such meshes can be elegantly studied via the concept of parallel mesh. Discrete versions of the network of principal curvature lines turn out to be parallel to approximately spherical meshes. Both circular meshes and the conical meshes considered only recently are instances of this meta-theorem. We discuss properties and interrelations of circular and conical meshes, and also their connections to meshes in static equilibrium and discrete minimal surfaces. We conclude with a list of research problems in geometry which are related to architectural design.</p>
Development of a decision making algorithm for airbag control (2002)

The method for airbag control developed uses two different parameters to predict the severity of the crash. The first parameter is the change in vehicle velocity, which is used to discriminate between barrier crashes. The second parameter is the length of the filtered accelerometer signal curve, which is used to discriminate between all other cases. The authors tested the algorithm on crash data and found that the results were very close to the requirement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Macroemulsions of Liquid and Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub>-in-Water and Water-in-Liquid CO<sub>2</sub> Stabilized by Fine Particles (2006)

Liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide-in-water (C/W) and water-in-carbon dioxide (W/C) macroemulsions (Pickering emulsions) stabilized by fine particles were created in a high-pressure batch reactor. C/W macroemulsions form when hydrophilic particles, such as pulverized limestone, sand, flyash, shale, and lizardite, a rock rich in magnesium silicate, are used as stabilizers; W/C macroemulsions form when hydrophobic particles, such as Teflon powder, activated carbon, carbon black, and pulverized coal, are used as stabilizers. C/W macroemulsions form with both liquid and supercritical CO2. C/W macroemulsions consist of dispersed droplets of liquid or supercritical CO2 sheathed with particles in water; W/C macroemulsions consist of droplets of water sheathed with particles dispersed in liquid CO2. The sheathed droplets are called globules. The globule diameter is largely dependent on the shear force imparted by mixing the two fluids, CO2 and H2O. The particle size needs to be adjusted to the dispersed droplet diameter; a practical ratio was found to be 1:20. In a batch reactor with a magnetic stir bar rotating at 1300 rpm, liquid CO2 produced typical globule diameters in the 200−300 μm range, whereas supercritical CO2 produced smaller globules, in the 100−150 μm range.