gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Practical Design of Downlink Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission for LTE-Advanced (2010)

Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission is considered for Long Term Evolution - Advanced (LTE-A) as an effective method to improve both average and cell-edge throughput. However, most of current research on CoMP with Multi-User (MU)-MIMO are under ideal assumption. In this paper, we study CoMP under realistic conditions, including limited feedback and complexity. Taking both performance and complexity into consideration, a hybrid cooperating set selection scheme is proposed. Furthermore, Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) estimation based on instantaneous precoder and CQI update based on statistical distribtion are proposed to improve CQI accuracy for Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) selection. Finally, the system level simulation results of CoMP with MU-MIMO are provided, which show that, compared with single cell transmission, CoMP MU-MIMO with our proposed scheme can achieve considerable performance gain in terms of both average and cell-edge throughput.
Chemical Effect of SERS with Near-Infrared Excitation (1996)

We have studied the influence of halide and halate ions on the enhancement factors of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region. It was found that not only an electromagnetic enhancement mechanism but also a chemical enhancement mechanism contributes to the total surface enhancement in the NIR-SERS. The enhancement factor of the former is proportional to the absorption of the surface plasmon excitation resonance. Based on the experimental results, we formulated an expression for the estimation of the chemical enhancement factor. The chemical enhancement factors for pyridine on a colloidal silver surface were estimated to be approximately 69, 163, 27, 174 and 92 in the presence of Cl−, Br−, ClO3−, BrO3− and IO3− ions respectively.
Suppression of Alcohol Intake after Administration of the Chinese Herbal Medicine, NPI‐028, and Its Derivatives (1996)

The Chinese herbal medicine, NPI-028, has been used for centuries in China to counteract alcohol intoxication. The present study used a number of different experimental conditions to determine whether NPI-028 and its derivatives might selectively influence alcohol intake in rodents that naturally exhibit high alcohol intakes. It was determined that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of NPI-028 (0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 g/kg) suppressed alcohol intake by up to 30% in both alcohol-preferring P and Fawn-Hooded (FH) rats during a continuous access schedule. These injections did not significantly affect food or water intakes, nor did the highest dose of NPI-028 (1 g/kg) alter blood ethanol levels after an i.p. injection of 2.5 g/kg of ethanol. In P rats, it was found that NPI-028 was orally active with the dose of 1.5 g/kg having a greater effect on ethanol intake than the 1.0 g/kg dose; once again, food and water intakes were not significantly altered. In FH rats maintained on a limited access schedule (1 hr/day), alcohol intake was completely abolished by 1.5 g/kg of NPI-028. Chronic i.p. administration of NPI-028 (0.75 g/kg) for four consecutive days in FH rats maintained on a continuous access schedule did not lead to any diminution of its alcohol-suppressant effects. Thus, NPI-028 has significant effects on alcohol intake without much effect on water and food intake, and tolerance does not readily develop to these effects. The i.p. administration of a partially purified extract (NPI-031) of NPI-028, obtained by countercurrent chromatography, also dose-dependently suppressed ethanol intake in FH rats, but the highest dose 200 mg/kg) also significantly decreased food intake. Finally, the i.p. administration of puerarin (NPI-31G), an isoflavone isolated from NPI-031 by countercurrent chromatography, significantly reduced ethanol intake in FH rats without affecting food or water intake. Therefore, NPI-028 and one of its pure components, NPI-031G, selectively reduced ethanol intake in alcohol-preferring rats.
Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection of Lyme Disease:<i>Correlation With Clinical Manifestations and Serologic Responses</i> (1996)

The authors have developed a simple, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for amplification of an outer surface protein A (OspA) gene fragment of Borrelia burgdorferi using rapid temperature cycling and ethidium bromide detection on agarose gels, and applied it to the diagnosis of Lyme disease in humans. With denaturing and annealing temperature spikes instead of holds, cycle times were less than 20 minutes for a 30-cycle amplification. Using this rapid cycle PCR technique, as few as 5 spirochetes per mL of phosphate buffered saline were detected. In addition, B burgdorferi DNA was detected from spirochetes that had been spiked into one of several types of human body fluids including serum, synovial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A number of clinical samples, which had been tested for Lyme immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody were also examined. In 29 serologic positive samples (14 IgG and IgM positive, 9 IgM alone and 6 IgG alone), B burgdorferi DNA was not detected. In contrast, nine serum samples and one synovial fluid from patients with definite clinical features of Lyme disease were found to be negative by EIA and Western blot analysis for IgG and IgM antibody, but contained B burgdorferi DNA, as detected by PCR. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of serum and synovial fluid may be of significant diagnostic value in Lyme disease, especially in the absence of a serologic response in early, partially treated and seronegative chronic disease. This is the first study to report an association between PCR positivity and the absence of a serologic response to Lyme borreliosis.
Antiseptics for burns (2017)

It was often uncertain whether antiseptics were associated with any difference in healing, infections, or other outcomes. Where there is moderate or high certainty evidence, decision makers need to consider the applicability of the evidence from the comparison to their patients. Reporting was poor, to the extent that we are not confident that most trials are free from risk of bias.
Synthetic Polyacrylate Polymers as Particulate Intranasal Vaccine Delivery Systems for the Induction of Mucosal Immune Response (2010)

The nasal route as a site of vaccine delivery for both local and systemic effect is currently of considerable interest. The administration of vaccines to mucosal surfaces such as the nasopharynx associated lymphoid tissues confers many advantages since the nasal mucosa is a primary site through which most inhaled antigens are encountered. However, the success of intranasally delivered mucosal vaccines is limited by lack of effective vaccine formulations or delivery systems suitable for use in humans. This review provides a brief overview of the mucosal immune system at the nasal surface, enhancement techniques for induction of mucosal immune response after intranasal administration of particulate systems and an explanation of the inherent properties of polyacrylate polymer-based particulate systems that may facilitate mucosal immune responses.
Clinical Study of Botulinum‐A Toxin in the Treatment of Sialorrhea in Children With Cerebral Palsy (2002)

BTX-A is a potentially safe and promising, minimally invasive treatment for sialorrhea in children with cerebral palsy.
The Use of Nonhuman Primate Models of HIV Infection for the Evaluation of Antiviral Strategies (2011)

Several nonhuman primate models are used in HIV/AIDS research. In contrast to natural host models, infection of macaques with virulent simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) isolates results in a disease (simian AIDS) that closely resembles HIV infection and AIDS. Although there is no perfect animal model, and each of the available models has its limitations, a carefully designed study allows experimental approaches that are not feasible in humans, but that can provide better insights in disease pathogenesis and proof-of-concept of novel intervention strategies. In the early years of the HIV pandemic, nonhuman primate models played a minor role in the development of antiviral strategies. Since then, a better understanding of the disease and the development of better compounds and assays to monitor antiviral effects have increased the usefulness and relevance of these animal models in the preclinical development of HIV vaccines, microbicides, and antiretroviral drugs. Several strategies that were first discovered to have efficacy in nonhuman primate models are now increasingly used in humans. Recent trends include the use of nonhuman primate models to explore strategies that could reduce viral reservoirs and, ultimately, attempt to cure infection. Ongoing comparison of results obtained in nonhuman primate models with those observed in human studies will lead to further validation and improvement of these animal models so they can continue to advance our scientific knowledge and guide clinical trials.
Guiding Component-Based Hardware/Software Co-Verification with Patterns (2007)

In component-based hardware/software co-verification, properties of an embedded system are established from properties of its hardware and software components. A major challenge in component-based co-verification is the property formulation problem: (1) what are the system properties to verify, (2) what are the component properties needed for verifying the system properties, and (3) what are the environment assumptions for establishing these properties. We present a pattern-guided approach to the property formulation problem. We develop an embedded architecture description language (EADL). A key feature of EADL is its support to specification of architectural patterns for embedded systems. Such patterns capture recurring system structures and, furthermore, templates for properties to verify on systems following these patterns and strategies for decomposing system properties into component properties. We have applies EADL in co-verification of medical sensor systems, which shows that architectural patterns have major potential in facilitating component-based co-verification.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Labile δ‐Ketal‐β‐hydroxy Esters by Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Corresponding δ‐Ketal‐β‐keto Esters in the Presence of CaCO<sub>3</sub>. (2012)

Abstract CaCO 3 plays a dual role in the hydrogenation reaction ‐ removing the acid generated during the formation of the catalyst and maintaining the activity of the catalyst.
IFS fractals and the wavelet transform (2002)

Iterated function systems (IFSs) are capable of effectively describing complex shapes and textures by fractals. The interscale properties of such fractals are analyzed with the aid of the wavelet transform and general multiresolution analysis. The result is a formulation for homogeneous IFSs in general scale space which leads to a direct solution of the inverse problem of finding the IFS which best represents a given function. Multiscale techniques that are used in the analysis are discussed. Some previous results from the IFS literature are introduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Localized principal component analysis based curve evolution: A divide and conquer approach (2011)

We propose a novel localized principal component analysis (PCA) based curve evolution approach which evolves the segmenting curve semi-locally within various target regions (divisions) in an image and then combines these locally accurate segmentation curves to obtain a global segmentation. The training data for our approach consists of training shapes and associated auxiliary (target) masks. The masks indicate the various regions of the shape exhibiting highly correlated variations locally which may be rather independent of the variations in the distant parts of the global shape. Thus, in a sense, we are clustering the variations exhibited in the training data set. We then use a parametric model to implicitly represent each localized segmentation curve as a combination of the local shape priors obtained by representing the training shapes and the masks as a collection of signed distance functions. We also propose a parametric model to combine the locally evolved segmentation curves into a single hybrid (global) segmentation. Finally, we combine the evolution of these semilocal and global parameters to minimize an objective energy function. The resulting algorithm thus provides a globally accurate solution, which retains the local variations in shape. We present some results to illustrate how our approach performs better than the traditional approach with fully global PCA.
Integration of High Performance and Low Cost Cu/Ultra Low-k SiOC(k=2.0) Interconnects with Self-formed Barrier Technology for 32nm-node and Beyond (2007)

A method of integrating high performance and low-cost Cu ultra low-k (ULK) SiOC(k=2.0) hybrid interconnects with SiOC(k=2.65) hard mask structure has been developed. The method combines Cu/ULK interconnects with the self-formed MnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> barrier layer that was shown to have lower resistance and higher reliability than Cu alloys. Moreover, dual-damascene (DD) interconnects with MnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> barrier layer showed excellent stress-induced voiding performance and significantly longer electromigration lifetime and required no additional pore-sealing process. It is concluded that this self-formed barrier process is the most feasible technology for 32 nm-node Cu/ULK interconnects.
Dual-interference-channel quantitative-phase microscopy of live cell dynamics (2009)

We introduce and experimentally demonstrate a fast and accurate method for quantitative imaging of the dynamics of live biological cells. Using a dual-channel interferometric setup, two phase-shifted interferograms of nearly transparent biological samples are acquired in a single digital camera exposure and digitally processed into the phase profile of the sample. Since two interferograms of the same sample are acquired simultaneously, most of the common phase noise is eliminated, enabling the visualization of millisecond-scale dynamic biological phenomena with subnanometer optical path length temporal stability.
An Autoregulatory Circuit Affecting Peptide Signaling in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1999)

The competence and sporulation factor (CSF) of Bacillus subtilis is an extracellular pentapeptide produced from the product of phrC. CSF has at least three activities: (i) at low concentrations, it stimulates expression of genes activated by the transcription factor ComA; at higher concentrations, it (ii) inhibits expression of those same genes and (iii) stimulates sporulation. Because the activities of CSF are concentration dependent, we measured the amount of extracellular CSF produced by cells. We found that by mid-exponential phase, CSF accumulated to concentrations (1 to 5 nM) that stimulate ComA-dependent gene expression. Upon entry into stationary phase, CSF reached 50 to 100 nM, concentrations that stimulate sporulation and inhibit ComA-dependent gene expression. Transcription of phrC was found to be controlled by two promoters: P1, which precedes rapC, the gene upstream of phrC; and P2, which directs transcription of phrC only. Both RapC and CSF were found to be part of autoregulatory loops that affect transcription from P1, which we show is activated by ComA approximately P. RapC negatively regulates its own expression, presumably due to its ability to inhibit accumulation of ComA approximately P. CSF positively regulates its own expression, presumably due to its ability to inhibit RapC activity. Transcription from P2, which is controlled by the alternate sigma factor sigma(H), increased as cells entered stationary phase, contributing to the increase in extracellular CSF at this time. In addition to controlling transcription of phrC, sigmaH appears to control expression of at least one other gene required for production of CSF.
Charge state distributions from highly charged ions channeled at a metal surface (1994)

The vast majority of the experimental work in the field of multicharged ion-surface interactions, to date, has focused on x-ray and particularly on electron emission. These experiments include measurements of the total electron yield, the emission statistics of the electrons, and, most of all, the electron energy distributions. So far, little attention has been paid to the fate of the multicharged projectile ions after the scattering. To our knowledge, the only measurement of the charge state distribution of the scattered ions is the pioneering experiment of de Zwart et al., who measured the total yield of scattered 1+, 2+, and 3+ ions as a function of the primary charge state q (q = 1--11) for 20 key Ne, Ar, and Kr ions after reflection from a polycrystalline tungsten target. Their main finding is the sudden onset of scattered 3+ ions when inner-shell vacancies are present in the primary particles. This suggests that a certain fraction of the inner-shell vacancies survives the entire collision event, and decays via autoionization on the outgoing path. Since the projectiles scattered in the neutral charge state could not be detected in the experiment of de Zwart et al., they were not able to provide absolute charge state fractions. In our present experiment, we focus on the scattered projectiles, measuring both the final charge state and the total scattering angle with a single 2D position sensitive detector (PSD). This method gives us the number of positive, as well as neutral and negative, scattered ions, thus allowing us to extract absolute charge state fractions. Using a well-prepared single Au(110) crystal and a grazing incidence geometry, we were able to observe surface channeling along the [001] channels.
Development of a Herpes Simplex Virus Subunit Glycoprotein Vaccine for Prophylactic and Therapeutic Use (1991)

A herpes simplex virus subunit vaccine has been tested for immunogenicity and protective efficacy in animal models. The vaccine is a mixture of the viral glycoproteins gB and gD expressed in mammalian cells as secreted carboxyl terminal truncated derivatives. The antigens have been combined with several adjuvants, including a lipophilic derivative of a muramyl tripeptide, MTP-PE, and administered in a stable, low-oil emulsion. Titers of antibody that are threefold to 15-fold greater than those obtained with alum and within twofold of those generated with complete Freund's adjuvant are elicited in animals, including primates. Prophylactic immunization of guinea pigs provides nearly complete protection against intravaginal challenge with herpes simplex virus type 2. Treatment of previously infected guinea pigs reduces the frequency and severity of recurrent disease, although variations in efficacy dependent on the antigen, adjuvant, and dosing regimen employed are observed. The immunogenicity of this vaccine in animals provides the rationale for further testing in human clinical trials.
The Phylogeny of the Genera Chryseomonas, Flavimonas, and Pseudomonas Supports Synonymy of These Three Genera (1997)

The 16S rRNA sequences of Chryseomonas luteola, the type species of the genus Chryseomonas, and Flavimonas oryzihabitans, the type species of the genus Flavimonas, were determined. These sequences were compared with the sequences of 27 representative strains of the genus Pseudomonas. C. luteola and F. oryzihabitans were located in the cluster that contains Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the type species of genus Pseudomonas Migula 1894, and the levels of 16S rRNA sequence homology between P. aeruginosa and the other two species were more than 93.9%. All of the strains of the genus Pseudomonas sensu stricto whose sequences have been determined were included in the P. aeruginosa cluster. These results suggested that Chryseomonas, Flavimonas, and Pseudomonas are synonymous, and we concluded that Chryseomonas and Flavimonas are junior subjective synonyms of Pseudomonas.
Three intrinsically unstructured mussel adhesive proteins, mfp‐1, mfp‐2, and mfp‐3: Analysis by circular dichroism (2012)

Mussel foot proteins (mfps) mediate fouling by the byssal holdfast and have been extensively investigated as models for versatile polymer-mediated underwater adhesion and coatings. However, insights into the structural properties of mfps have lagged far behind the nanomechanical advances, owing in part to the inability of these proteins to crystallize as well as their limited solubility. Here, solution secondary structures of mfp-1, mfp-2, and mfp-3, localized in the mussel byssal cuticle, adhesive plaque, and plaque-substratum interface, respectively, were investigated using circular dichroism. All three have significant extended coil solution structure, but two, mfp-1 and mfp-2, appear to have punctuated regions of structure separated by unstructured domains. Apart from its punctuated distribution, the structure in mfp-1 resembles other structural proteins such as collagen and plant cell-wall proteins with prominent polyproline II helical structure. As in collagen, PP II structure of mfp-1 is incrementally disrupted by increasing the temperature and by raising pH. However, no recognizable change in mfp-1's PP II structure was evident with the addition with Ca²⁺ and Fe³⁺. In contrast, mfp-2 exhibits Ca²⁺- and disulfide-stabilized epidermal growth factor-like domains separated by unstructured sequence. Mfp-2 showed calcium-binding ability. Bound calcium in mfp-2 was not removed by chelation at pH 5.5, but it was released upon reduction of disulfide bonds. Mfp-3, in contrast, appears to consist largely of unstructured extended coils.
BREAST FEEDING AND MATERNAL-DONOR RENAL ALLOGRAFTS (1984)

Large numbers of maternal lymphocytes are present in breast milk. We asked whether exposure of an infant to maternal lymphocytes during the process of breast feeding would have an effect on the subsequent reactivity of a patient to a maternal-donor related renal transplant. We studied the posttransplant course of 55 patients who had received a primary maternal-donor transplant. Twenty-seven recipients had been breast-fed during infancy and 28 recipients had not been breast-fed. A history of breast feeding was associated with a more favorable posttransplant course as measured by the percentage of patients who had no rejection episodes during the first posttransplant year (P less than or equal to .006). The one-year graft function rate for breast-fed recipients was 82%; this was statistically significantly better than the 57% measured for non-breast-fed recipients (P less than or equal to .05). Statistical significance of differences between groups was not attained when results were evaluated over a five-year interval. A difference between breast-fed and non-breast-fed recipients was not apparent when we evaluated a somewhat smaller group of patients who had received a paternal donor transplant. From these observations we conclude that the process of breast feeding during infancy may result in a measurable immunologic benefit to the recipient of a subsequent maternal-donor related renal transplant.