gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the single-stranded DNA binding protein pVⱽᴳᴶΦ of VGJΦ phage from Vibrio cholerae Proteins and proteomics (2011)

pVⱽᴳᴶΦ, a single-stranded DNA binding protein of the vibriophage VGJΦ was subject to biochemical analysis. Here, we show that this protein has a general affinity for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as documented by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA). The apparent molecular weight of the monomer is about 12.7kDa as measured by HPLC–SEC. Moreover, isoelectrofocusing showed an isoelectric point for pVⱽᴳᴶΦ of 6.82 pH units. Size exclusion chromatography in 150mM NaCl, 50mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 revealed a major protein species of 27.0kDa, suggesting homodimeric protein architecture. Furthermore, pVⱽᴳᴶΦ binds ssDNA at extreme temperatures and the complex was stable after extended incubation times. Upon frozen storage at −20°C for a year the protein retained its integrity, biological activity and oligomericity. On the other hand, bioinformatics analysis predicted that pVⱽᴳᴶΦ protein has a disordered C-terminal, which might be involved in its functional activity. All the aforementioned features make pVⱽᴳᴶΦ interesting for biotechnological applications.
Cr:LiSAF thin slab zigzag laser (1997)

We report on a Cr:LiSAF zigzag thin slab laser in which single-pulse output energy of 1.8 J was achieved at a record specific energy output of 1.5 J/cm/sup 3/ of Cr:LiSAF. A Cr:LiSAF laser model was developed which, when compared with data, gives good agreement with energy and temporal laser output measurements. The device is in a configuration which can be scaled to high average power.
Location of Double-Bond Position in Long-Chain Aldehydes and Acetates, by Mass Spectral Analysis of Epoxide Derivatives (1980)

An analytical procedure has been developed for the identification of the position of a double bond in an otherwise fully characterized long-chain aldehyde or acetate. Less than a microgram of the monounsaturated test compound is treated with m-chloroperbenzoic acid to form the epoxide. This derivative is then injected into a combined gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer for analysis. Preferential cleavage alpha to the epoxy group produces identifiable fragments that indicate the position of the epoxy group and thus the position of the double bond in the original compound. The procedure has been applied to naturally occurring pheromonal aldehydes and acetates in extracts obtained from insects. Mixtures of isomers differing only in double-bond position can often be analyzed by this procedure.
225–280 GHz receiver for rotational spectroscopy (2016)

A fully integrated CMOS receiver for mm-wave rotational spectroscopy is demonstrated. The receiver consists of a sub-harmonic mixer based receiving front-end which down-converts 225–280 GHz RF input to 20 GHz intermediate frequency, a 20-GHz AM demodulator followed by a baseband buffer amplifier, and an 122–139 GHz local oscillator chain which is comprised of a frequency quadrupler and a driver amplifier. The receiver exhibits responsivity of 400–1200 kV/W and noise equivalent power of 0.4 to 1.2 pW/√Hz from 225 to 280 GHz. Detection of ethanol, propionitrile (EtCN), acetonitrile (CH3CN) and acetone in a mixture is demonstrated using the receiver in a rotational spectrometer setup. This is the first demonstration that a CMOS receiver can be used for rotational spectroscopy and that a CMOS circuit can support an existing application at frequencies above 200 GHz.
Thermal sensitivity and thermotolerance in normal porcine tissues. (1983)

We have previously presented a histopathological grading scheme for thermal damage in normal porcine adipose and skeletal muscle tissues. Here we have used this scheme to assess the heat sensitivity of these tissues, and evaluate the protective benefit of thermotolerance as induced by a prior thermal exposure. Tissues were exposed to temperatures ranging from 40-50 degrees for 30 min. Half of all sites also received a thermal exposure of 41.0-43.0 degrees 4 hr earlier. Biopsies for histological evaluation were obtained at 18 to 24 hr ("acute") and at 28 to 31 days ("chronic") following treatment. Only mild acute injury was seen in the early samples, following either single or double heat exposures, at all temperature levels. Minimal chronic damage was also seen in the late samples following single exposures of 45 degrees or less. Higher single exposures caused important chronic lesions, the severity of which was dose dependent. Regions that had received the earlier conditioning thermal exposure showed a significant protection against the subsequent thermal exposure. In such regions, mean (chronic) pathology scores were reduced by 76 to 86% over the temperature range 45-48 degrees. The degree of acute damage failed to predict the degree of chronic damage. Overall, induction of thermotolerance provided an advantage of 2 degrees or more in normal tissue protection.
Neurotrophins and Neuropathic Pain: Role in Pathobiology (2015)

Neurotrophins (NTs) belong to a family of trophic factors that regulate the survival, growth and programmed cell death of neurons. In mammals, there are four structurally and functionally related NT proteins, viz. nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 and neurotrophin 4. Most research on NTs to date has focussed on the effects of NGF and BDNF signalling via their respective cognate high affinity neurotrophic tyrosine kinase viz TrkA and TrkB receptors. Apart from the key physiologic roles of NGF and BDNF in peripheral and central nervous system function, NGF and BDNF signalling via TrkA and TrkB receptors respectively have been implicated in mechanisms underpinning neuropathic pain. Additionally, NGF and BDNF signalling via the low-affinity pan neurotrophin receptor at 75 kDa (p75NTR) may also contribute to the pathobiology of neuropathic pain. In this review, we critically assess the role of neurotrophins signalling via their cognate high affinity receptors as well as the low affinity p75NTR in the pathophysiology of peripheral neuropathic and central neuropathic pain. We also identify knowledge gaps to guide future research aimed at generating novel insight on how to optimally modulate NT signalling for discovery of novel therapeutics to improve neuropathic pain relief.
Interdiffusion of PCBM and P3HT Reveals Miscibility in a Photovoltaically Active Blend (2010)

Abstract Developing a better understanding of the evolution of morphology in plastic solar cells is the key to designing new materials and structures that achieve photoconversion efficiencies greater than 10%. In the most extensively characterized system, the poly(3‐hexyl thiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C 61 ‐butyric‐acid‐methyl‐ester (PCBM) bulk heterojunction, the origins and evolution of the blend morphology during processes such as thermal annealing are not well understood. In this work, we use a model system, a bilayer of P3HT and PCBM, to develop a more complete understanding of the miscibility and diffusion of PCBM within P3HT during thermal annealing. We find that PCBM aggregates and/or molecular species are miscible and mobile in disordered P3HT, without disrupting the ordered lamellar stacking of P3HT chains. The fast diffusion of PCBM into the amorphous regions of P3HT suggests the favorability of mixing in this system, opposing the belief that phase‐pure domains form in BHJs due to immiscibility of these two components.
Sentence Correction Incorporating Relative Position and Parse Template Language Models (2009)

Sentence correction has been an important emerging issue in computer-assisted language learning. However, existing techniques based on grammar rules or statistical machine translation are still not robust enough to tackle the common errors in sentences produced by second language learners. In this paper, a relative position language model and a parse template language model are proposed to complement traditional language modeling techniques in addressing this problem. A corpus of erroneous English-Chinese language transfer sentences along with their corrected counterparts is created and manually judged by human annotators. Experimental results show that compared to a state-of-the-art phrase-based statistical machine translation system, the error correction performance of the proposed approach achieves a significant improvement using human evaluation.
Photosynthetic Activities of the Halophilic Alga <i>Dunaliella parva</i> (1972)

Dunaliella parva, a unicellular halophilic alga, was found to evolve oxygen photosynthetically only in the presence of a high osmolar concentration. Cell free preparations were obtained by placing the cells in a medium of low osmolarity. The fragments obtained showed a high photoreducing and photophosphorylating activity except for their inability to catalyze all ferredoxin dependent photoreactions. Placing the cells in a medium of intermediate osmolarity produced a "chloroplast" preparation which maintained some capacity for O(2) evolution and CO(2) fixation, while possessing the ability to catalyze the photoinduced reduction of ferricyanide. Enzymic and photosynthetic reactions of cell-free preparations from D. parva were inhibited, rather than stimulated, by the salt concentration optimal for growth. These results were interpreted as indicating the existence of a steep NaCl gradient in vivo between the medium and the cell compartments which are not permeable to salt.
Improved Molecular Imprinting Based on Colloidal Particles Made from Miniemulsion: A Case Study on Testosterone and Its Structural Analogues (2016)

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in the micron and submicron scale based on the bifunctional cross-linker N,O-bismethacryloylethanolamine (NOBE) have been synthesized using bulk and miniemulsion polymerization, respectively. MIPs with distinct selectivity for the template testosterone were obtained. Colloidal MIP particles made using the miniemulsion technique have significant advantages compared to bulk MIP counterparts owing to their small size, homogeneity, and increased surface, as is demonstrated by optical batch rebinding studies using a nonimprinted polymer (NIP) as a negative control. Affinity and selectivity studies were also performed with the miniemulsion colloidal MIPs. These MIPs display largely increased imprint factors (6.8 vs 2.2) when compared to their bulk MIP counterparts. Further, selectivity studies by using analogue steroids show that colloidal MIPs also display a higher selectivity. In summary, miniemulsion MIPs show much better performance with respect to molecular recognition in aqueous solution, while providing at the same time the possibility for a water-based MIP synthesis.
Arachidonic Acid Metabolites: Mediators of Inflammation in Asthma (1997)

Asthma is increasingly recognized as a mediator-driven inflammatory process in the lungs. The leukotrienes (LTs) and prostaglandins (PGs), two families of proinflammatory mediators arising via arachidonic acid metabolism, have been implicated in the inflammatory cascade that occurs in asthmatic airways. The PG pathway normally maintains a balance in the airways; both PGD2 and thromboxane A2 are bronchoconstrictors, whereas PGE2 and prostacyclin are bronchoprotective. The actions of the LTs, however, appear to be exclusively proinflammatory in nature. The dihydroxy-LT, LTB4, may play an important role in attracting neutrophils and eosinophils into the airways, whereas the sulfidopeptide leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) produce effects that are characteristic of asthma, such as potent bronchoconstriction, increased endothelial membrane permeability leading to airway edema, and enhanced secretion of thick, viscous mucus. Given the significant role of the inflammatory process in asthma, newer pharmacologic agents, such as the sulfidopeptide-LT antagonists, zafirlukast, montelukast, and pranlukast and the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor, zileuton, have been developed with the goal of targeting specific elements of the inflammatory cascade. These drugs appear to represent improvements to the existing therapeutic armamentarium. In addition, the results of clinical trials with these agents have helped to expand our understanding of the pathogenesis of asthma.
Design of an integrated AFS/DYC based on fuzzy logic control (2007)

An integrated vehicle dynamics control system is developed in this paper by a combination of active front steering (AFS) and direct yaw-moment control (DYC) based on fuzzy logic control. The control system has a hierarchical structure consisting of two layers. A fuzzy logic controller is used in the upper layer (yaw rate controller) to keep the yaw rate in its desired value. The yaw rate error and its rate of change are applied to the upper controlling layer as inputs, where the direct yaw moment control signal and the steering angle correction of the front wheels are the outputs. In the lower layer (fuzzy integrator), a fuzzy logic controller is designed based on the working region of the lateral tire forces. Depending on the directions of the lateral forces at the front wheels, a switching function is activated to adjust the scaling factor of the fuzzy logic controller. Using a nonlinear seven degrees of freedom vehicle model, the simulation results illustrate considerable improvements which are achieved in vehicle handling through the integrated AFS/DYC control system in comparison with the individual AFS or DYC controllers.
The Estimation of Yield Strength from Hardness Measurements (1975)

Abstract : Data are presented to show that the yield strength of gun steel and AISI 4340 alloy can be estimated from Rockwell hardness measurements. The expression, YS = 4.226(R sub c), where YS is the 0.1% offset yield strength in ksi and (R sub c) is the Rockwell C hardness of the material, was developed statistically to fit the data. It is shown that the yield strength within a gun tube forging can be estimated from the hardness measurements taken on a small flat area ground on the OD of the gun tube.
Curling Liquid Crystal Microswimmers: A Cascade of Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (2016)

We report curling self-propulsion in aqueous emulsions of common mesogenic compounds. Nematic liquid crystal droplets self-propel in a surfactant solution with concentrations above the critical micelle concentration while undergoing micellar solubilization [Herminghaus et al., Soft Matter 10, 7008 (2014)]. We analyzed trajectories both in a Hele-Shaw geometry and in a 3D setup at variable buoyancy. The coupling between the nematic director field and the convective flow inside the droplet leads to a second symmetry breaking which gives rise to curling motion in 2D. This is demonstrated through a reversible transition to nonhelical persistent swimming by heating to the isotropic phase. Furthermore, autochemotaxis can spontaneously break the inversion symmetry, leading to helical trajectories in 3D.
Single sample scoring of molecular phenotypes (2018)

The singscore method described here functions independent of sample composition in gene expression data and thus it provides stable scores, which are particularly useful for small data sets or data integration. Singscore performs well across all performance criteria, and includes a suite of powerful visualization functions to assist in the interpretation of results. This method performs as well as or better than other scoring approaches in terms of its power to distinguish samples with distinct biology and its ability to call true differential gene sets between two conditions. These scores can be used for dimensional reduction of transcriptomic data and the phenotypic landscapes obtained by scoring samples against multiple molecular signatures may provide insights for sample stratification.
A fast cell loading and high‐throughput microfluidic system for long‐term cell culture in zero‐flow environments (2008)

We present a simple technique for cell loading, culturing, and phenotypic study in a multi-chamber microfluidic device made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This technique is based on the use of degassing induced aspiration of PDMS which allows loading cells into micro-cavities within 1 min. A large number of triangle cavities are patterned aside main flow channels with narrow connections so that cells can be loaded by aspirating into each cavity. In our device, high throughput and long-term monitoring can be done with minimum shear force of the flow. As a demonstration, we show a controlled loading at single cell level and the phenotypic variation of gene expression of the yeast strain w303 as a function of copper ion concentration of the medium.
IDIC: assembling video sequences from story plans and content annotations (1994)

Describes a system, IDIC, which can generate a video sequence according to a story plan by selecting appropriate segments from an archive of annotated video. IDIC uses a simple planner to generate its stories. By critically examining the strengths and weaknesses of the representation and algorithm employed in the planner, the authors are able to describe some interesting similarities and differences between planning and video story generation. They use their analysis of IDIC to investigate the representation and processing issues involved in the development of video generation systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Shortened Version of the Profile of Mood States (1983)

The feasibility of using a shorter version of the Profile of Mood States is examined. Eighty-three cancer patients were administered the Profile of Mood States. The scales' internal consistency (coefficient alpha) and the items' face validity were used as criteria for eliminating items. The number of items was reduced from 65 to 37 and the correlation coefficients between the short and original scales were all above .95, indicating the suitability of the short version for estimating the original mood scale scores in this population.
ID-based cryptographic schemes using a non-interactive public-key distribution system (2002)

Shamir (1984) proposed the idea of a cryptographic system based on identification information and presented an identity-based signature scheme. He also presented as an open problem to find an ID-based public-key cryptosystem or public-key distribution system. In the past, many ID-based public-key distribution systems have been proposed. However, none of these is an ID-based system in Shamir's sense because each user's public key is not only the identity of the entity but also some additional random numbers. Maurer and Yacobi (1991) developed a non-interactive ID-based public-key distribution system. In their scheme, except for the identity of the entity, there were no public keys, certificates for public keys or other information required to be exchanged. However, they did not construct an ID-based signature scheme, user identification scheme or conference key distribution system. In this paper, we provide a slight improvement of the Maurer and Yacobi's scheme in that the trusted authority only adds one public value over the original scheme. Based on this, we provide not only a non-interactive public-key distribution system, but also a directed signature scheme, a user identification scheme and a conference key distribution system. Thus, a non-interactive public-key system will be more practical and complete for various kinds of applications. The security for the proposed schemes is based on the one-way hash function assumption and the difficulty of computing the discrete logarithm for a composite modulus.
A Rapid Approach to the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Tetrahydroisoquinolines (2009)

A palladium-catalyzed domino ortho-alkylation/alkenylation forming up to three new C-C bonds furnishes functionalized tetrahydroisoquinolines in up to 87% yield. Extension to the formation of tetrahydrobenzoazepines and tetrahydroisoquinolinones is presented.
Enolether, XIII. Die Acylierung von Enolethern mit reaktiven Carbonsäure‐chloriden (1982)

Abstract Enolether 2 lassen sich mit aktivierten Säurechloriden wie den Chloressigsäurechloriden 1a und 1b , Cyanacetylchlorid ( 6c ) oder Malonylchloriden 6a , b unter milden Bedingungen in guten Ausbeuten acylieren. Die Abhängigkeit der Produktbildung und der Ausbeuten vom Acylierungspotential der eingesetzten Säurechloride wird aufgezeigt. Die erhaltenen potentiellen β‐Ketoaldehyde 4 , 5 bzw. 1,3,5‐Tricarbonylverbindungen 8 sind wertvolle Zwischenprodukte für die Synthese von Heterocyclen.
Mechanisms leading to uniparental disomy and their clinical consequences (2000)

Uniparental disomy (UPD) refers to the situation in which both copies of a chromosome pair have originated from one parent. In humans, it can result in clinical conditions by producing either homozygosity for recessive mutations or aberrant patterns of imprinting. Furthermore, UPD is frequently found in conjunction with mosaicism for a chromosomally abnormal cell line, which can also contribute to phenotypic abnormalities. Investigations into the mechanisms by which UPD may arise have helped to expand our general awareness of the impact of chromosomal abnormalities and chromosomal mosaicism in normal human development. Specifically, it appears that errors in the transmission of a chromosome from parent to gamete and during early somatic cell divisions are remarkably common but that embryo and cell selection during early embryogenesis help to ensure the presence of a numerically balanced chromosome complement in the developing fetus. UPD is also likely to occur within a portion of cells in all individuals simply as a consequence of somatic recombination occurring during mitotic cell divisions. This can be an important step in cancer development as well as a contributing factor to other late onset diseases. This review summarizes mechanisms by which UPD may arise and their associated clinical consequences.
Formalin-Inactivated EV71 Vaccine Candidate Induced Cross-Neutralizing Antibody against Subgenotypes B1, B4, B5 and C4A in Adult Volunteers (2013)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01268787.
Phase I study of BAY 94‐9027, a PEGylated B‐domain‐deleted recombinant factor VIII with an extended half‐life, in subjects with hemophilia A (2014)

This phase I study demonstrates that BAY 94-9027 has an extended half-life in subjects with hemophilia A and, after multiple dosing, was well tolerated with no immunogenicity during the 8-week trial. A phase III study in a larger number of subjects is underway to fully characterize how this prolonged half-life will permit less frequent prophylaxis dosing for patients with hemophilia.
Ionization and Dissociation by Electron Impact: The Methyl and Ethyl Radicals (1943)

The lead tetra-alkyls, Pb${(\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{3})}_{4}$ and Pb${({\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{5})}_{4}$, were decomposed to yield free methyl and ethyl radicals in a specially designed furnace built into the ionization chamber of a 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} mass spectrometer tube. From the initial breaks of the ionization efficiency curves of the ions, C$\mathrm{H}_{3}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$$\mathrm{H}_{5}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$, we have found the ionization potentials of the methyl and ethyl radicals to be ${I}_{\mathrm{vert}}({\mathrm{CH}}_{3})={10.0}_{0}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$ ev and ${I}_{\mathrm{vert}}({\mathrm{C}}_{2}{\mathrm{H}}_{5})={8.6}_{0}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1$ ev. These values are in excellent agreement with those found by indirect calculations from other electron impact data on hydrocarbons. Some of the implications of these results are briefly discussed.