gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonsurgical Treatment of Prominent Ears With the Auri Method (2002)

Correction of the prominent pinna can be done by the new nonsurgical Auri method in children aged between 0.25 and 5.5 years, which provided good to fair results in 89% of pinnae in this study. The method is efficient in the short term and easy to use by the parents, but it requires long-term motivation of the parents as well as the child. The child can be treated at early age, avoiding psychosocial and cosmetic problems during school age.
Molecular support for field cancerization in the head and neck (1998)

BACKGROUND Two competing concepts, field cancerization and micrometastatic lesions, have been postulated to account for the high frequency of second primary tumors and multicentric dysplasia in patients with head and neck carcinoma. METHODS To provide insight into this process, the authors examined histologically normal mucosa and dysplastic tissue adjacent to invasive tumor for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at three commonly deleted loci. Tissues from 21 patients with carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx were identified and verified by a pathologist to contain histologically normal mucosa, dysplasia, and adjacent invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Each specimen was analyzed for LOH at D9S171 (9p21), D3S1007 (3p21.3-22), and D3S1228 (3p14). RESULTS Of the 21 patients, 19 had adequate DNA for analysis. Seventeen patients were heterozygous at one or both of the 3p sites and LOH occurred in 6 of 17 invasive tumor specimens, 1 of 17 dysplasia specimens, and in none of the mucosal specimens. LOH at 9p21 occurred in 11 of 13 informative specimens of invasive tumor, 8 of 13 dysplasia specimens, and 6 of 13 normal mucosa specimens. However, one case that did not have 9p deletion in the tumor demonstrated LOH in the mucosa and two cases had LOH in both the tumor and mucosa but with deletion of the opposite allele. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that 9p21 but not 3p14 or 3p21 deletions occur in the absence of histologic changes. In two cases preinvasive and invasive lesions that apparently were an example of histologic progression contained disparate genetic events, calling into question the use of adjacent dysplasia as a model for premalignant lesions. Cancer 1998;82:1376-80. © 1998 American Cancer Society.
Spin photocurrents in (110)-grown quantum well structures (2007)

The circular photogalvanic effect and the circular photon drag effect are observed and investigated in detail in (110)-grown quantum well structures. The experimental data are well described by phenomenological theory and microscopic models of both effects are developed being in agreement with experimental data.
Network complexity as a measure of information processing across resting-state networks: evidence from the Human Connectome Project (2014)

An emerging field of research focused on fluctuations in brain signals has provided evidence that the complexity of those signals, as measured by entropy, conveys important information about network dynamics (e.g., local and distributed processing). While much research has focused on how neural complexity differs in populations with different age groups or clinical disorders, substantially less research has focused on the basic understanding of neural complexity in populations with young and healthy brain states. The present study used resting-state fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project (Van Essen et al., 2013) to test the extent that neural complexity in the BOLD signal, as measured by multiscale entropy (1) would differ from random noise, (2) would differ between four major resting-state networks previously associated with higher-order cognition, and (3) would be associated with the strength and extent of functional connectivity-a complementary method of estimating information processing. We found that complexity in the BOLD signal exhibited different patterns of complexity from white, pink, and red noise and that neural complexity was differentially expressed between resting-state networks, including the default mode, cingulo-opercular, left and right frontoparietal networks. Lastly, neural complexity across all networks was negatively associated with functional connectivity at fine scales, but was positively associated with functional connectivity at coarse scales. The present study is the first to characterize neural complexity in BOLD signals at a high temporal resolution and across different networks and might help clarify the inconsistencies between neural complexity and functional connectivity, thus informing the mechanisms underlying neural complexity.
Detection of <i>Dientamoeba fragilis</i> by culture (2003)

Symptoms associated with Dientamoeba fragilis include diarrhoea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain and weight loss. A possible link between D. fragilis and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like symptoms has been reported, and therefore the presence of this parasite should be excluded before making a diagnosis of IBS. Over a six-month period, 976 faecal samples were submitted to NPHS Microbiology Aberystwyth for routine microbiological analysis. All samples were also cultured for parasites using Robinson's xenic medium. Trichrome staining was undertaken whenever practicable, but many stools had insufficient material. D. fragilis was isolated from 25 (2.6%) patients, whereas Cryptosporidium spp. was detected in 16 (1.6%) patients. D. fragilis was only detected in nine (1.3%) out of 685 specimens stained with trichrome, although four of the 25 culture-positive stools had insufficient sample for staining. Parasite culture proved to be less laborious than trichrome staining and dramatically increased D. fragilis detection rate.
Novel Electrode Materials for Thin-Film Ultracapacitors: Comparison of Electrochemical Properties of Sol-Gel-Derived and Electrodeposited Manganese Dioxide (2000)

Thin films of manganese dioxide were formed on nickel foils by electrodeposition and by both dip‐coating and drop‐coating with manganese dioxide suspensions (sols) and their subsequent gelation and calcination. The performance of these films as ultracapacitors was studied by cyclic voltammetry in the range 0.0–0.9 V (SCE) and by chronopotentiometry in unbuffered solution. The cyclic voltammograms of ultrathin, dip‐coated sol‐gel‐derived films indicated better capacitive behavior and gave differential specific capacitance values as high as 698 F/g compared to values half to two‐thirds as great for the electrodeposited films. Multilayer drop‐coated sol‐gel films were prepared to attain film thicknesses comparable to the electrodeposited films, and these were found to provide charge‐storage capacity as high as , more than three times greater than that of the electrodeposited films. All films, except electrodeposited films that were not thermally cured, exhibited good cycling stability, losing not much more than 10% of capacity after 1500 cycles. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Dietary Benefits of Fungal Associates to an Eruptive Herbivore: Potential Implications of Multiple Associates on Host Population Dynamics (2007)

We used the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) and its two fungal associates, Grosmannia clavigera and Ophiostoma montium, to study potential nutritional benefits of fungi to bark beetles. We tested for potential effects of feeding on phloem colonized by fungi on beetle performance in field and laboratory studies. The fungi increased nitrogen levels in the phloem of attacked trees by 40%, indicating that it may be an important source of dietary nitrogen for mountain pine beetles. However, nitrogen levels of phloem inoculated with fungi in the laboratory were similar to uncolonized phloem, indicating that the fungi may redistribute nitrogen from the sapwood to the phloem rather than increase absolute levels of nitrogen. Beetles emerging from attacked trees carrying G. clavigera were larger than beetles carrying O. montium, which in turn were larger than beetles lacking fungi. Results of experimental laboratory studies varied, likely because of differences in the growth and sporulation of fungi under artificial conditions. Results indicate that the two fungi may offer complementary benefits to the mountain pine beetle because larvae preferentially fed on phloem colonized by both fungi together over phloem colonized by one fungus or uncolonized phloem. Teneral adults preemergence fed on spores in pupal chambers when they were produced and consumed little phloem before emerging. Teneral adults mined extensively in the phloem before emerging when spores were not produced in the pupal chamber. Our results provide evidence for a nutritional role of fungi in the diet of bark beetles and show that multiple associates may differentially affect beetle performance, which could have important implications for bark beetle population dynamics.
High-efficiency, large-area, topology-optimized metasurfaces (2019)

Metasurfaces are ultrathin optical elements that are highly promising for constructing lightweight and compact optical systems. For their practical implementation, it is imperative to maximize the metasurface efficiency. Topology optimization provides a pathway for pushing the limits of metasurface efficiency; however, topology optimization methods have been limited to the design of microscale devices due to the extensive computational resources that are required. We introduce a new strategy for optimizing large-area metasurfaces in a computationally efficient manner. By stitching together individually optimized sections of the metasurface, we can reduce the computational complexity of the optimization from high-polynomial to linear. As a proof of concept, we design and experimentally demonstrate large-area, high-numerical-aperture silicon metasurface lenses with focusing efficiencies exceeding 90%. These concepts can be generalized to the design of multifunctional, broadband diffractive optical devices and will enable the implementation of large-area, high-performance metasurfaces in practical optical systems.
An Approach to Highly Functionalized Quinolines and Isoquinolines via a Gold-Catalyzed Benzannulation (2011)

The AuCl3-catalyzed benzannulation of pyridine-­containing oxo-alkynes with external as well as internal alkynes proceeds under mild conditions, and a variety of quinoline and isoquinoline derivatives are produced in good to excellent yields. The reaction proceeds through the formation of aza-isobenzopyrylium auric ate complexes as evident from trapping experiments.
Systematic Identification of Freeway Bottlenecks (2004)

The algorithm presented identifies bottleneck locations, the times for which each bottleneck is active, and the delay they cause. The bottlenecks are ranked in terms of their frequency of recurrence and the magnitude of their delay impact. The algorithm works with 5-min loop detector data. It uses speed difference as an indicator of bottleneck activation. The algorithm is applied to 3 months of data from 270 mi of seven freeways in San Diego. It identifies 160 locations whose bottlenecks cause 64% of the total delay on these freeways. The top 10 account for 61% of the delay from all bottlenecks. The method can be used in any area in which large amounts of data are available. Transportation authorities may use it to identify bottlenecks and to track their impact over time.
Characterization of pDJA1, a cardiac-specific chaperone found by genomic profiling of the post-ischemic swine heart (2003)

Therefore, pDJA1 is a novel heart-specific, ventricle-enriched cardioprotective co-chaperone, which participates in the program of cell survival that limits irreversible damage in post-ischemic myocardium.
Geometric containers for efficient shortest-path computation (2005)

A fundamental approach in finding efficiently best routes or optimal itineraries in traffic information systems is to reduce the search space (part of graph visited) of the most commonly used shortest path routine (Dijkstra's algorithm) on a suitably defined graph. We investigate reduction of the search space while simultaneously retaining data structures, created during a preprocessing phase, of size linear (i.e., optimal) to the size of the graph. We show that the search space of Dijkstra's algorithm can be significantly reduced by extracting geometric information from a given layout of the graph and by encapsulating precomputed shortest-path information in resulted geometric objects (containers). We present an extensive experimental study comparing the impact of different types of geometric containers using test data from real-world traffic networks. We also present new algorithms as well as an empirical study for the dynamic case of this problem, where edge weights are subject to change and the geometric containers have to be updated and show that our new methods are two to three times faster than recomputing everything from scratch. Finally, in an appendix, we discuss the software framework that we developed to realize the implementations of all of our variants of Dijkstra's algorithm. Such a framework is not trivial to achieve as our goal was to maintain a common code base that is, at the same time, small, efficient, and flexible, as we wanted to enhance and combine several variants in any possible way.
<i><b>The Making of Iran's Islamic Revolution: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic,</b></i> Mohsen M. Milani Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1988, xiv + 361. (1989)

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Cell Therapy, a New Standard in Management of Chronic Critical Limb Ischemia and Foot Ulcer (2010)

Fifty percent of diabetics (7% of general population) suffer from peripheral arterial occlusive disease, which may lead to amputation due to critical limb ischemia (CLI). The aim of our study was to prevent major limb amputation (MLA) in this group of patients using a local application of autologous bone marrow stem cells (ABMSC) concentrate. A total of 96 patients with CLI and foot ulcer (FU) were randomized into groups I and II. Patients in group I (n = 42, 36 males, 6 females, 66.2 ± 10.6 years) underwent local treatment with ABMSC while those in group II (n = 54, control, 42 males, 12 females, 64.1 ± 8.6 years) received standard medical care. The frequency of major limb amputation in groups I and II was 21% and 44% within the 120 days of follow up, respectively (p < 0.05). Only in salvaged limbs of group I both toe pressure and toe brachial index increased (from 22.66 ± 5.32 to 25.63 ± 4.75 mmHg and from 0.14 ± 0.03 to 0.17 ± 0.03, respectively, mean ± SEM). The CD34(+) cell counts in bone marrow concentrate (BMC) decreased (correlation, p = 0.024) with age, even though there was no correlation between age and healing. An unexpected finding was made of relative, bone marrow lymphopenia in the initial bone marrow concentrates in patients who failed ABMSC therapy (21% of MLA). This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.040). We conclude ABMSC therapy results in 79% limb salvage in patients suffering from CLI and FU. In the remaining 21% lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia were identified as potential causative factors, suggesting that at least a partial correction with platelet supplementation may be beneficial.
Exploiting database technology in the medical arena (1992)

Picture archiving and communications systems (PACS) and the complications of database design and communications constraints are described. Both relational and object-oriented database approaches are examined, as are the centralized and distributed approaches. Data retrieval techniques, image compression, storage media and communication are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE EFFECT OF DEPHYTINISATION ON CALCIUM, COPPER, IRON, MANGANESE AND ZINC ABSORPTION FROM A SOY INFANT FORMULA (1999)

40 Although soy formulas have not been associated with nutritional problems in infants, concern exists about reduced mineral bioavailability in infants due to the presence of phytic acid, a potent inhibitor of mineral absorption. In this study we determined the absorption of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn from a soy infant formula with or without phytic acid removal in ten infants. Absorption of Ca, Cu, Fe and Zn was determined by stable isotope methodology. Fe absorption was evaluated as incorporation of 58Fe into erythrocytes, whereas absorption of 42Ca, 65Cu and 70Zn was determined by monitoring 72-hour fecal excretion. Mn absorption was measured by a chemical balance approach. The stable isotopes were added to single feedings of soy infant formula (∼300 g ready-to-feed). Normal phytate level- (N: 24 mg phytic acid/100g RTF) and dephytinised- (DP: <0.6 mg phytic acid/100 g RTF) formulas were fed in a crossover design. The two treatment periods were separated by two weeks. During the 72h balance period, the stable isotope labelled- and an identical non-labelled-soy formula were fed. No significant difference was observed in mean absorption of Ca (N: 65.1% vs. DP: 65.7%), Cu (N: 34.0 vs. DP: 35.4%), Fe (N: 6.7% vs. DP: 9.1%) or Zn (N: 16.4% vs. DP: 22.4%). However, mean absorption of Mn was significantly higher for the dephytinised formula (N: 40.2% vs. DP: 48.3%; p=0.03). In conclusion, dephytinisation of the soy-based infant formula did not significantly enhance absorption of Ca, Fe, Zn and Cu, but increased that of Mn. Dephytinisation may not be necessary to improve mineral bioavailability from soy-based infant formulas at this phytate level.
Mechanisms of Signaling through Urokinase Receptor and the Cellular Response (1999)

Introduction The urokinase-urokinase receptor (u-PA-u-PAR) system seems to play a crucial role in a number of biological processes, including local fibrinolysis, tumor invasion, angiogenesis, neointima and atherosclerotic plaque formation, inflammation, and matrix remodeling during wound healing and development.1-6 Binding of urokinase to its specific receptor provides cells with a localized proteolytic potential. It stimulates conversion of cell surface-bound plasminogen into active plasmin, which, in turn, is required for proteolytic degradation of basement membrane components, including fibronectin, collagen, laminin, and proteoglycan core proteins.7 Moreover, plasmin activates other matrix-degrading enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases.8 Overexpression of u-PA/u-PAR correlates with tumor invasion and metastasis formation,9-13 while reduction of cell-surface bound u-PA and inhibition of u-PAR expression leads to a significant decrease of invasive and metastatic activity.14 Specific antagonists that suppress binding of u-PA to u-PAR have been shown to inhibit cell-surface plasminogen activation, tumor growth, and angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo models.15,16 Independently of its proteolytic activity, u-PA is implicated in many biological processes that seem to require u-PAR-mediated intracellular signal transduction, such as proliferation, chemotactic movement and adhesion, migration, and differentiation.17 Data obtained in the late 1980s indicated that u-PA not only provides cells with local proteolytic activity, but might also be capable of transducing signals to the cell.18-22 At that time, however, the u-PAR has just been isolated, cloned, and identified as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked protein and not a transmembrane protein. Signaling via the u-PAR was, therefore, regarded as being unlikely, and the effects of u-PA on cell proliferation18-22 were thought to be mediated by proteolytic activation of latent growth factors. The assumption of direct signaling via u-PAR was, in fact, considered controversial, until about 10 years later when a physical association between u-PAR and signaling proteins was found.23 From this report on, several proteins associated with u-PAR have been identified. Now, u-PAR seems to be part of a large “signalosome” associated and interacting with several proteins on both the outside and inside of the cell.
Astemizole: A Long-Acting, Nonsedating Antihistamine (1987)

Astemizole is a long-acting, highly selective histamine1-receptor antagonist with minimal central and anticholinergic effects. Comparison studies have shown astemizole to be equal or superior to currently available antihistamines, beclomethasone nasal spray, and cromolyn sodium in relieving allergic symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis. Other uses include treatment of allergic conjunctivitis and chronic urticaria. Astemizole is not as effective for treatment of acute allergic symptoms because of its delayed onset of action. Astemizole and its active metabolite, desmethylastemizole, have long elimination half-lives permitting once-daily dosing. The incidence of sedation is lower than with conventional antihistamines, but increased appetite and weight gain do occur. Astemizole should be useful for both maintenance and prophylactic therapy in patients with chronic allergic conditions who cannot tolerate the sedative or anticholinergic effects of conventional antihistamines.
Multi-Modal Hybrid Deep Neural Network for Speech Enhancement (2016)

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have been successful in en- hancing noisy speech signals. Enhancement is achieved by learning a nonlinear mapping function from the features of the corrupted speech signal to that of the reference clean speech signal. The quality of predicted features can be improved by providing additional side channel information that is robust to noise, such as visual cues. In this paper we propose a novel deep learning model inspired by insights from human audio visual perception. In the proposed unified hybrid architecture, features from a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) that processes the visual cues and features from a fully connected DNN that processes the audio signal are integrated using a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) network. The parameters of the hybrid model are jointly learned using backpropagation. We compare the quality of enhanced speech from the hybrid models with those from traditional DNN and BiLSTM models.
A general analysis of propagation along multiple-layer superconducting stripline and microstrip transmission lines (1991)

A rigorous spectral-domain formulation for a superconducting stripline or microstrip transmission line with a multiple-layer dielectric substrate is presented. The formulation models the strip conductor as a surface current with an equivalent surface impedance, where the surface impedance is approximated in closed form when the strip is either much thinner or much thicker than a penetration depth. In either case the surface impedance is related to the complex conductivity of the material, which is calculated from a two-fluid model. Results are presented to show the slow-wave propagation and attenuation along both microstrip and stripline packages in a realistic multiple-layer configuration, which accounts for the field penetration into the superconducting ground planes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crystallization and preliminary crystal data of iron-containing superoxide dismutase from Pseudomonas ovalis. (1976)

Large single crystals of iron-containing superoxide dismutase from Pseudomonas ovalis were prepared from 50% saturated ammonium sulfate solution, at pH 4.5, on gentle evaporation of the solvent at 4 degrees. The crystals were monoclinic, space group P2, with unit cell dimensions a = 81.9 A, b = 49.0 A, c = 61.0 A, and beta = 106 degrees. Considerations of cell volume and protein molecular weight indicated 1 molecule of superoxide dismutase in the assymmetric unit, the smallest number reported so far for superoxide dismutases.