gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Acoustic Shock Waves on Clonogenic Growth and Drug Sensitivity of Human Tumor Cells in Vitro (1989)

Focused acoustic shock waves were studied for their effects on human tumor cell viability, clonogenicity, and sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. The elastic shock waves used in this investigation were generated with the Dornier HM3-Lithotripter by underwater spark discharge with fixed electrical parameters employing a voltage of 18 kV and a capacitance of 80 nanoFarads. These waves are characterized by a fast varying compression phase, strong asymmetrical pressure and tension phases, and a maximum amplitude of roughly 10(8) Pascal (kg.m-1 s-2). Doses as high as 2000 focused shocks showed little effect on the viability of two different cell lines. There was, however, a dose dependent inhibition of tumor cell proliferation as determined by the growth of clones in soft agarose. Each of the two cell lines showed a unique degree of colony inhibition by shock waves. It was demonstrated that shock wave effects resulted from elastic shock wave interaction with the cells and were not caused by the emission of ultraviolet light coincident with shock wave generation. Shocks were applied at a rate of 100 minute-1 in a 200 l. water bath, thereby removing the possibility for temperature changes during treatments. After treatment with shock waves it was found that tumor cells became more sensitive to growth inhibition by chemotherapeutic agents. Cisplatin, doxorubicin, and 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide were each more effective in blocking cell growth after the target cells had been treated with acoustic shocks. Enhanced efficacies ranged from three to 10-fold potentiation of colony inhibition. These results indicate that weak shock waves, which can be focused to a defined target region, may have utility as a cancer treatment modality either alone or in combination with cytotoxic agents.
Q-Band InAlGaN/GaN LNA using current reuse topology (2016)

A 33 to 41-GHz Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) with a 3-dB Noise Figure (NF) using 0.12-μm InAlGaN/GaN HEMT was developed. The LNA consists of a two-stage common-gate amplifier with current reuse topology in order to obtain a high gain with low power consumption. The developed LNA achieved 15-dB gain, and an input return loss of less than -10 dB. The measured NF was 3 dB, and the power consumption was 280 mW. The measured OIP3 and OP1dB were 24 dBm and 13 dBm at 38 GHz under a supply voltage of 20 V. The chip size of the LNA is 1 × 0.7 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Better bitmap performance with Roaring bitmaps (2015)

Summary Bitmap indexes are commonly used in databases and search engines. By exploiting bit‐level parallelism, they can significantly accelerate queries. However, they can use much memory, and thus, we might prefer compressed bitmap indexes. Following Oracle's lead, bitmaps are often compressed using run‐length encoding (RLE). Building on prior work, we introduce the Roaring compressed bitmap format: it uses packed arrays for compression instead of RLE. We compare it to two high‐performance RLE‐based bitmap encoding techniques: Word Aligned Hybrid compression scheme and Compressed ‘n’ Composable Integer Set. On synthetic and real data, we find that Roaring bitmaps (1) often compress significantly better (e.g., 2×) and (2) are faster than the compressed alternatives (up to 900× faster for intersections). Our results challenge the view that RLE‐based bitmap compression is best. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Color Calibration for Arrays of Inexpensive Image Sensors (2004)

The recent emergence of inexpensive image sensors has enabled the construction of large arrays of cameras for computer graphics and computer vision applications. These inexpensive image sensors have inconsistent color responses. These inconsistencies can cause significant errors in color sensitive multi-camera applications. We present an automated, robust system for calibrating large arrays of image sensors to achieve significantly improved color consistency. We acquire images of a Macbeth color checker placed in the scene and perform gain and offset calibration on each individual sensor. This process combined with a global correction step maximizes the response range by maximizing contrast and minimizing the black level and ensures linear response that is white balanced for the scene. We present results with data acquired from 45, 52, and 95camera arrays calibrated both indoors and outdoors for a variety of color-sensitive applications including high-speed video, matted synthetic aperture photography, and multi-camera optical flow. ii Acknowledgements This work was done primarily with Bennett Wilburn, Professor Marc Levoy, and
Step-induced one-dimensional surface state on Cu(332) (2000)

The Shockley $(L$ gap) surface state on Cu(332) has been studied by angle scanned ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The Fermi surface indicates a two-dimensional (2D) and a one-dimensional (1D) state, both propagating freely parallel to the steps. Normal to the steps, the 2D state is slightly confined while the 1D state is localized. The 1D state can be rationalized either by disorder in the one-dimensional step lattice or by surface-bulk coupling at the individual steps. In both scenarios this 1D state represents an important link between scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and photoemission data.
Down-regulation of HLA antigens by the adenovirus type 2 E3/19K protein in a T-lymphoma cell line (1994)

Adenoviruses of subgroup C can establish persistent infections in human beings. The exact site of persistence has not been established, but lymphoid tissues are certainly one reservoir. Experimental evidence suggests that early transcription unit 3 (E3) of the virus is involved in this phenomenon. In particular, the most abundant protein of this region, the E3/19K protein, seems to fulfill an important role in viral escape from the immune response. We previously demonstrated that in nonlymphoid cells E3/19K interferes with the antigen presentation function of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens by inhibiting their transport to the cell surface. However, the function of the E3 products in lymphoid cells was not investigated. To examine this, the T-lymphoma cell line Jurkat was transfected with a DNA fragment comprising the entire E3 region of adenovirus type 2. We show here that E3/19K is expressed in the absence of the viral transactivator E1A with a rate of biosynthesis similar to that in nonlymphoid 293 cells. Furthermore, inhibition of transport and down-regulation of MHC antigens was comparable in both cell lines. In contrast, various T-cell molecules containing immunoglobulin-like domains showed a normal expression pattern in the transfected cells. A detailed analysis of the interaction between E3/19K and the MHC class I antigens of Jurkat (HLA-A3 and HLA-B35) revealed a differential sensitivity for down-regulation by E3/19K. The data demonstrate that E3/19K exerts its function also in lymphoid cells without affecting other lymphoid cell surface molecules. The implications for persistence of adenovirus in lymphoid cells in vivo are discussed.
A Dynamic Model for Underbalanced Drilling With Coiled Tubing (1995)

ABSTRACT A model for underbalanced drilling with coiled tubing has been developed which takes into account all important factors contributing to the process. This model is a unique tool to plan and execute underbalanced or near balance drilling operations. It is a transient, one-dimensional multi-phase flow model with the following components: Lift gas system model, multiphase hydraulics model, reservoir-wellbore interaction model, drilling model, models for multiphase fluids (lift gas, produced gas, mud, foam, produced gas, oil, water and cuttings). Various alternative geometries for gas injection are modelled as well as all important operations during underbalanced drilling with coiled tubing. The model as well as some simulation results from its use are presented in this paper.
Eckʼs Fistula Encephalopathy in Germfree Dogs (1971)

From the Department of Surgery, Louisiana State University School of Medicine and Veterans Administration Hospital, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112 * Associate Professor of Surgery and Physiology, L.S.U. School of Medicine. ** Associate Professor of Surgery/Neurosurgery, L.S.U. School of Medicine.
Hydrogen ion passivation of multicrystalline silicon solar cells (1987)

It has been recognized that hydrogen can be chosen to passivate the defects present in polycrystalline materials. Technically, the best approach is to use hydrogen ion implantation at low energy (0.5 to 5 keV) by means of a Kaufman or similar type ion source in order to reduce the processing time. For our multiple beam ion source, we have determined the effective concentration profile of the introduced hydrogen, the modification of the optical properties of the implanted wafers and the conditions under which two multicrystalline materials (POLYX and SILSO) will give the greatest improvement in solar cell performance.
Neural Mechanisms of Delirium: Current Hypotheses and Evolving Concepts (1999)

The purpose of this article is to review current knowledge regarding potential neural mechanisms of delirium. A MEDLINE search for relevant English language articles was undertaken using various combinations of delirium (including cognitive disorders, encephalopathy, and confusion) with pathogenesis and pathophysiology. These articles were scanned for content related to hypotheses concerning the neurobiology of delirium. Additional references were obtained from a manual search of the bibliography of these articles. A secondary MEDLINE search of delirium with the mechanism in question (i.e., serotonin, acetylcholine, etc.) was then undertaken. Literature review was last updated as of April 1998. Despite being a common problem among elderly patients, the mechanisms of delirium are poorly understood. Delirium is a syndrome that may occur as the result of multiple complex interacting neurotransmitter systems and pathologic processes. The neurotransmitters acetylcholine and serotonin may play particularly important roles in common medical and surgical delirium. Other neurotransmitters such as dopamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid each may be involved in the development of delirium under special conditions. Other neurobiologic factors such as cytokines, cortisol abnormalities, and oxygen free radicals will require further study to define their role in delirium. Distinct neuropathologic processes leading to delirium are beginning to be defined. Such mechanisms may differ in various clinical settings. There is probably no final common pathway to delirium, but rather, delirium is the final common symptom of multiple neurotransmitter abnormalities. Further situation-specific studies of delirium pathophysiology should lead to more effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Conditional limit theorems under Markov conditioning (1987)

Let <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X_{1},X_{2},\cdots</tex> be independent identically distributed random variables taking values in a finite set <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</tex> and consider the conditional joint distribution of the first m elements of the sample <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X_{1},\cdots , X_{n}</tex> on the condition that <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X_{1}=x_{1}</tex> and the sliding block sample average of a function <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h(\cdot , \cdot)</tex> defined on <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X^{2}</tex> exceeds a threshold <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\alpha > Eh(X_{1}, X_{2})</tex> . For <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</tex> fixed and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n \rightarrow \infty</tex> , this conditional joint distribution is shown to converge m the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</tex> -step joint distribution of a Markov chain started in <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x_{1}</tex> which is closest to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X_{l}, X_{2}, \cdots</tex> in Kullback-Leibler information divergence among all Markov chains whose two-dimensional stationary distribution <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P(\cdot , \cdot)</tex> satisfies <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sum P(x, y)h(x, y)\geq \alpha</tex> , provided some distribution <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</tex> on <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X_{2}</tex> having equal marginals does satisfy this constraint with strict inequality. Similar conditional limit theorems are obtained when <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X_{1}, X_{2},\cdots</tex> is an arbitrary finite-order Markov chain and more general conditioning is allowed.
GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor device and IC technology for high-performance analog and microwave applications (1989)

GaAs-AlGaAs n-p-n heterojunction bipolar transistor (GaAs HBT) technology and its application to analog and microwave functions for high-performance military and commercial systems are discussed. In many applications the GaAs HBT offers key advantages over the alternative advanced silicon bipolar and III-V compound field-effect-transistor (FET) approaches. TRW's GaAs HBT device and IC fabrication process, basic HBT DC and RF performance, examples of applications, and technology qualification work are presented and serve as a basis for addressing general capability issues. A related 3- mu m emitter-up, self-aligned HBT IC process provides excellent DC and RF performance, with simultaneous gain-bandwidth product, f/sub T/, and maximum frequency of oscillation, f/sub max/, of approximately 20-40 GHz and DC current gain beta approximately=50-100 at useful collector current densities approximately=3-10 kA/cm/sup 2/, early voltage approximately=500-1000 V, and MSI-LSI integration levels. These capabilities facilitate versatile DC-20-GHz analog/microwave as well as 3-6 Gb/s digital applications, 2-3 G sample/s A/D conversion, and single-chip multifunctions with producibility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Impact of <scp>CYP24A1</scp> overexpression on growth of colorectal tumour xenografts in mice fed with vitamin <scp>D</scp> and soy (2015)

Our previous studies showed that the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-D3) catabolizing enzyme, 1,25-dihydoxyvitamin D 24 hydroxylase (CYP24A1) was overexpressed in colorectal tumours and its level correlated with increased proliferation. We hypothesised that cells overexpressing CYP24A1 have growth advantage and a diet rich in vitamin D and soy would restore sensitivity to the anti-tumourigenic effects of vitamin D. Soy contains genistein, a natural CYP24A1 inhibitor. To determine causality between CYP24A1 and tumour growth, we established xenografts in male SCID mice with HT29 cells stably overexpressing either GFP-tagged CYP24A1 or GFP. Mice were fed with either high (2500 IU D3/kg) or low vitamin D (100 IU D3/kg) diet in the presence or absence of soy (20% diet). In vitro, cells overexpressing CYP24A1 grew faster than controls. 1,25-D3, the active vitamin D metabolite, reduced cell number only in the presence of the CYP24A1 inhibitor VID400. Regardless of the amount of vitamin D in the diet, xenografts overexpressing CYP24A1 grew faster, were heavier and more aggressive. Soy reduced tumour volume only in the control xenografts, while the tumours overexpressing CYP24A1 were larger in the presence of dietary soy. In conclusion, we demonstrate that CYP24A1 overexpression results in increased aggressiveness and proliferative potential of colorectal tumours. Irrespective of the dietary vitamin D3, dietary soy is able to increase tumour volume when tumours overexpress CYP24A1, suggesting that combination of vitamin D3 and soy could have an anti-tumourigenic effect only if CYP24A1 levels are normal.
Isoprenylated Xanthones and Flavonoids fromCudrania tricuspidata (2005)

Further phytochemical investigation on the roots of Cudrania tricuspidata afforded a new isoprenylated xanthone, cudratricusxanthone I (1), two new isoprenylated flavanones, cudraflavanones C and D (2 and 3, resp.), and seven known compounds, 1,7-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyxanthone (4), macluraxanthone C (5), cudraxanthones E, K, and L (6, 7, and 8, resp.), cudraflavanone A (9), and cudraflavone C (10). Their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods. Cudratricusxanthone H (12), macluraxanthone B (13), two xanthones previously isolated from this plant, and 5, showed significant inhibitory effects on four kinds of human digestive apparatus tumor cell lines (HCT-116, SMMC-7721, SGC-7901, and BGC-823) with IC50 values of 2.70-12.66 microM.
A novel medium access control protocol for WDM-based LAN's and access networks using a master/slave scheduler (2000)

We describe an architecture and medium access control (MAC) protocol for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks. Our system is based on a broadcast star architecture and uses an unslotted access protocol and a centralized scheduler to efficiently provide bandwidth-on-demand in WDM networks. To overcome the effects of propagation delays the scheduler measures the delays between the terminals and the hub and takes that delay into account when scheduling transmissions. Simple scheduling algorithms, based on a look-ahead capability, are used to overcome the effects of head-of-line blocking. An important application area for this system is in optical access networks, where this novel MAC protocol can be used to access wavelengths in a WDM passive optical network (PON).
Metallization by ionized cluster beam deposition (1987)

Preferentially oriented and epitaxial Al films have been deposited by ionized cluster beams (ICB). The thermal stability of these films has been examined by SEM, AES, ion backscattering, and electrical characterization. In preferentially oriented films, long electromigration lifetime and low-temperature contact formation are expected. In epitaxial films on silicon, alloy penetration at the interface, a shift in barrier height, and degradation of crystalline quality were not observed after heat treatment up to 550 °C. Extremely long electromigration lifetime was also confirmed. Epitaxial growth Of Al film on CaF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> , GaAs, and sapphire was attempted and preliminary results are given.
The life cycle of multimedia metadata (2005)

During its lifetime, multimedia content undergoes different stages or cycles from production to consumption. Content is created, processed or modified in a postproduction stage, delivered to users, and finally, consumed. Metadata, or descriptive data about the multimedia content, pass through similar stages but with different time lines. Metadata may be produced, modified, and consumed by all actors involved in the content production-consumption chain. At each step of the chain, different kinds of metadata may be produced by highly different methods and of substantially different semantic value. Different metadata let us tie the different multimedia processes in a life cycle together. However, to employ these metadata, they must be appropriately generated. The CODAC Project, led by Harald Kosch, implements different multimedia processes and ties them together in the life cycle. CODAC uses distributed systems to implement multimedia processes. The project's core component is a multimedia database management system (MMDBMS) which stores content and MPEG-7-based metadata. It communicates with a streaming server for data delivery. The database is realized in the multimedia data cartridge (MDC) - which is an extension of the Oracle database management system - to handle multimedia content and MPEG-7 metadata.
Meibum Lipid Composition in Asians with Dry Eye Disease (2011)

The current study presents, for the first time, a comprehensive lipidome of meibum from individuals of an Asian ethnicity, which can potentially offer new insights into the higher prevalence of DTS observed amongst Asian populations. This study also represents an attempt towards identification of lipid species in meibum which could serve as marker for DTS.
WiMAX Mesh networks for underserved areas (2008)

The initiatives to bridge the divide have been hindered by a number of factors, but mostly by infrastructural and cost demands of the current technology used. Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) comes at a time when the need to communicate is at its highest. Designed to provide throughput similar to that of wired networks, WiMAX wireless and mobility features promises hope to underserved areas. WiMAX Mesh topology connects subscribers to the Internet without being connected to the Base Station (BS). Without relying on basic infrastructure like roads, tunnels or network backbones, WiMAX mesh will provide answers to long existing connectivity demands for underserved areas. This paper proposes a different approach, one that will lower the subscriber's cost and hence help to bridge the divide by using communities to set mesh networks and eliminate the 'middleman'. It provides insight into WiMAX, citing its mesh capabilities as the key-enabling factor in bridging the divide. The results found from a survey conducted about the problems facing developing countries are incorporated and used to show how this topology will suite developing countries' environments.
Scalability and performance of an agent‐based network management middleware (2004)

Abstract Rapid growth of computer network sizes and uses necessitate analysis of network application middleware in terms of its scalability as well as performance. In this paper we analyze a distributed network management middleware based on agents that can be dispatched to locations where they can execute close to the managed nodes. The described middleware operates between the network protocol layer and the application layer and uses standard TCP protocol and SNMP probes to interface the network. By aggregating requests from many users into a single agent, our system allows multiple managers to probe problem areas with minimal management traffic overhead. We discuss and quantify the benefits of the described middleware by implementing real‐time network managers using our system. The main result of this paper is a comparison of scalability and efficiency of our agent‐based management middleware and traditional SNMP‐based data collection. To this end, we measured traffic in both real and simulated networks. In the latter case, we designed, used and described here a method of separating simulated application flow into separate subflows to simplify design of simulations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.