gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Locally-Delivered T-Cell-Derived Cellular Vehicles Efficiently Track and Deliver Adenovirus Delta24-RGD to Infiltrating Glioma (2014)

Oncolytic adenoviral vectors are a promising alternative for the treatment of glioblastoma. Recent publications have demonstrated the advantages of shielding viral particles within cellular vehicles (CVs), which can be targeted towards the tumor microenvironment. Here, we studied T-cells, often having a natural capacity to target tumors, for their feasibility as a CV to deliver the oncolytic adenovirus, Delta24-RGD, to glioblastoma. The Jurkat T-cell line was assessed in co-culture with the glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) line, MGG8, for the optimal transfer conditions of Delta24-RGD in vitro. The effect of intraparenchymal and tail vein injections on intratumoral virus distribution and overall survival was addressed in an orthotopic glioma stem cell (GSC)-based xenograft model. Jurkat T-cells were demonstrated to facilitate the amplification and transfer of Delta24-RGD onto GSCs. Delta24-RGD dosing and incubation time were found to influence the migratory ability of T-cells towards GSCs. Injection of Delta24-RGD-loaded T-cells into the brains of GSC-bearing mice led to migration towards the tumor and dispersion of the virus within the tumor core and infiltrative zones. This occurred after injection into the ipsilateral hemisphere, as well as into the non-tumor-bearing hemisphere. We found that T-cell-mediated delivery of Delta24-RGD led to the inhibition of tumor growth compared to non-treated controls, resulting in prolonged survival (p = 0.007). Systemic administration of virus-loaded T-cells resulted in intratumoral viral delivery, albeit at low levels. Based on these findings, we conclude that T-cell-based CVs are a feasible approach to local Delta24-RGD delivery in glioblastoma, although efficient systemic targeting requires further improvement.
Control strategy of a three-phase five-level double converter with adjustable DC voltage for induction motor drives (2003)

This paper describes a control strategy for a five-level double converter that consists of the five-level rectifier, the DC link, and the five-level inverter. The purposes of the proposed control strategy are to correct voltage imbalance of the DC link capacitors, to keep the input power factor at near unity, and to achieve adjustable-speed drive. The five-level rectifier is controlled by the instantaneous-value-compared current control method using multi-band hysteresis comparators. On the other hand, the five-level inverter is controlled by the space vector pulse-width modulation method. The validity of the control strategy is verified by experiments using a 3.7 kW induction motor.
Estimated Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease in the United States (1990)

Although awareness of Alzheimer's disease has increased strikingly among professional and lay audiences, precise means do not exist to calculate how many Americans the disease affects. Projecting data from a cohort of 32,000 individuals in a defined community in the United States, however, suggests that there were 2.88 million persons aged 65 or older with probable Alzheimer's disease in 1980. Using U.S. Census Bureau middle series projections yields an estimated total of 10.3 million persons with the disease for the year 2050. Limitations on these estimates notwithstanding, the projections indicate that more studies are needed to identify the etiology of Alzheimer's disease, its incidence, and the future costs of relevant institutional and community care.
Bulky aromatic amino acids increase the antibacterial activity of 15‐residue bovine lactoferricin derivatives (2001)

A model peptide, FKCRRWQWRMKKLGA, residues 17-31 of bovine lactoferricin, has been subjected to structure-antibacterial activity relationship studies. The two Trp residues are very important for antibacterial activity, and analogue studies have demonstrated the significance of the size, shape and aromatic character of the side chains. In the current study we have replaced Trp residues in the model peptide with bulky aromatic amino acids to elucidate further the importance of size and shape. The counterproductive Cys residue in position 3 was also replaced by these aromatic amino acids. The largest aromatic amino acids employed resulted in the most active peptides. The peptides containing these hydrophobic residues were generally more active against Staphylococcus aureus than against Escherichia coli, indicating that the bacterial specificity as well as the antibacterial efficiency can be altered by employing large hydrophobic aromatic amino acid residues.
The CoNLL-2010 Shared Task: Learning to Detect Hedges and their Scope in Natural Language Text (2010)

The CoNLL-2010 Shared Task was dedicated to the detection of uncertainty cues and their linguistic scope in natural language texts. The motivation behind this task was that distinguishing factual and uncertain information in texts is of essential importance in information extraction. This paper provides a general overview of the shared task, including the annotation protocols of the training and evaluation datasets, the exact task definitions, the evaluation metrics employed and the overall results. The paper concludes with an analysis of the prominent approaches and an overview of the systems submitted to the shared task.
Next Generation IPTV services for an extended IMS architecture (2007)

Currently there is a strong discussion throughout the industry and all relevant standard development organizations (SDO) like the ITU-T and ETSI TISPAN how next generation IPTV services could incorporate with the developments from the TISPAN NGN Release 2 architecture. Several approaches have already been introduced struggling with the need for an integrated solution with the core IMS network or the development of a separated subsystem for next generation IPTV services. The main focus for the integrated solution lies on the difficulties in using the session initiation protocol (SIP) or SIP in combination with the real time streaming protocol (RTSP) for both the signaling and media control including so called trick functions that allow to manipulate media delivery by e.g. pausing and fast forwarding the content. This paper demonstrates fundamental scenarios and requirements towards a cooperative service delivery platform for the provisioning of IPTV services over IMS enabled next generation networks. As a result of that work a generic IMS-based cooperative service delivery platform is introduced
Controlled reshaping of nerve geometry (2004)

The purpose of this study is the development of a nerve electrode that reshapes nerve geometry slowly and controllably. The flat interface nerve electrode (FINE) can reshape the nerve into an elongated oval and provide selective stimulation. However, the FINE'S ability to reshape nerve geometry quickly may cause acute nerve insult. The slowly closing flat interface nerve electrode (SC-FINE) is designed to increase the opening height to accommodate the nerve and initial swelling. Moreover, the SC-FINE controls the reshaping period to alleviate nerve compression injury. The SC-FINE is manufactured by combining the reshaping properties of the FINE and the controllable degradation of poly (DL lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA). Bonding 50/50 or 65/35 PLGA to a stretched FINE increased the opening heights on average from .1 mm to 1.66 /spl plusmn/ 0.45 mm and 2.05 /spl plusmn/ 0.55 mm respectively. The addition of PLGA films controls the time course of closure over a period of 16 /spl plusmn/ 1 days and 14 to 16 hours for the 50/50 and 65/35 SC-FINEs respectively in vitro. An in vivo chronic experiment using 50/50 SC-FINEs implanted in 28 rats with an average opening height of 1.87 /spl plusmn/ 0.34 mm show that the reshaping periods in vivo are in vitro are similar.
A location-aided power-aware routing protocol in mobile ad hoc networks (2002)

In multi-hop wireless ad-hop networks, designing energy-efficient routing protocols is critical since nodes are power-constrained. However, it is also an inherently hard problem due to two important factors: First, the nodes may be mobile, demanding the energy-efficient routing protocol to be fully distributed and adaptive to the current states of nodes; Second, the wireless links may be uni-directional due to asymmetric power configurations of adjacent nodes. In this paper, we propose a location-aided power-aware routing protocol that dynamically makes local routing decisions so that a near-optimal power-efficient end-to-end route is formed for forwarding data packets. The protocol is fully distributed such that only location information of neighboring nodes are exploited in each routing node. Through rigorous theoretical analysis for our distributed protocol based on greedy algorithms, we are able to derive critical global properties with respect to end-to-end energy-efficient routes. Finally, preliminary simulation results are presented to verify the performance of our protocol.
Novel polysilicon sidewall gate silicon-on-sapphire MOSFET for power amplifier applications (2002)

We report the processing and DC and microwave characteristics of a novel thin-film silicon-on-sapphire MOS transistor which utilizes a sidewall process to realize a deep sub-micron gate length without the use of lithography. The device also incorporates an asymmetric lightly doped drain region for high breakdown voltage. Devices with 0.15 and 0.25 /spl mu/m gate lengths have been fabricated. A FET with a 0.25 /spl mu/m gate length and 1.0 /spl mu/m LDD length had an f/sub t/=9 GHz, f/sub max/=27 GHz and breakdown voltage of 13 volts.
Mucin– <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> interactions promote biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance (2005)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes chronic lung infections in people suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). In CF airways, P. aeruginosa forms surface-associated communities called biofilms. Compared with free-swimming cultures, biofilms resist clearance by the host immune system and display increased resistance to antimicrobial agents. In this study we developed a technique to coat surfaces with molecules that are abundant in CF airways in order to investigate their impact on P. aeruginosa biofilm development. We found that P. aeruginosa biofilm development proceeds differently on surfaces coated with the glycoprotein mucin compared with biofilm development on glass and surfaces coated with actin or DNA. Biofilms formed on mucin-coated surfaces developed large cellular aggregates and had increased tolerance to the antibiotic tobramycin compared with biofilms grown on glass. Analysis of selected mutant backgrounds in conjunction with time-lapse microscopy revealed that surface-associated motility was blocked on the mucin surface. Furthermore, our data suggest that a specific adhesin-mucin interaction immobilizes the bacterium on the surface. Together, these experiments suggest that mucin, which may serve as an attachment surface in CF airways, impacts P. aeruginosa biofilm development and function.
Money to be made from the sick and dying (2014)

When profits are put before health, care will suffer and patients will pay more said NSWNMA General Secretary Brett Holmes at a recent community meeting.
Thermal degradation of nylon polymers (2000)

This paper is concerned with the processes of thermal degradation of nylon 6 and nylon 6,6, which lead to crosslinking and the production of involatile char. The techniques used in this study include thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot-stage Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (hot-stage FTIR) and solution viscosity. TG results showed that nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 produce involatile char during thermal degradation. The formation of char lead to a deviation from first order kinetics of thermal degradation, and the amount of char yielded decreased with increasing temperature. Thermal degradation lead to a decrease in the amount of crystallinity attainable on cooling from the melt, which was considered to be due to crosslinking, and was accompanied by an increase in molecular weight and formation of colour. Hot-stage FTIR results showed that thermal degradation lead to the formation of an aromatic–conjugated structure, which may contain keteneimine groups. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Supporting interoperability between new database languages (2002)

A general framework is described for achieving interoperability between two database languages, Logres and SOL (Stretch object-oriented language), respectively based on a rule-based and an object-oriented paradigm. A discussion is presented of primitives for exporting and importing data and procedures, distinguishing the export modalities by 'copy' and by 'reference'. Several clauses add semantics to the import/export instructions for excluding, renaming, dereferencing, coercing, and unnesting data, for specifying the signatures, and for structuring the output parameters of programs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Highly Efficient SO<sub>2</sub>Absorption and Its Subsequent Utilization by Weak Base/Polyethylene Glycol Binary System (2013)

A binary system consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG, proton donor)/PEG-functionalized base with suitable basicity was developed for efficient gas desulfurization (GDS) and can be regarded as an alternative approach to circumvent the energy penalty problem in the GDS process. High capacity for SO(2) capture up to 4.88 mol of SO(2)/mol of base was achieved even under low partial pressure of SO(2). Furthermore, SO(2) desorption runs smoothly under mild conditions (N(2), 25 °C) and no significant drop in SO(2) absorption was observed after five-successive absorption-desorption cycles. On the other hand, the absorbed SO(2) by PEG(150)MeIm/PEG(150), being considered as the activated form of SO(2), can be directly transformed into value-added chemicals under mild conditions, thus eliminating the energy penalty for SO(2) desorption and simultaneously realizing recycle of the absorbents. Thus, this SO(2) capture and utilization (SCU) process offers an alternative way for GDS and potentially enables the SO(2) conversion from flue gas to useful chemicals as a value-added process.
Voice activity detection using subband noncircularity (2015)

Many voice activity detection (VAD) systems use the magnitude of complex-valued spectral representations. However, using only the magnitude often does not fully characterize the statistical behavior of the complex values. We present two novel methods for performing VAD on single- and dual-channel audio that do completely account for the second-order statistical behavior of complex data. Our methods exploit the second-order noncircularity (also known as impropriety) of complex subbands of speech and noise. Since speech tends to be more improper than noise, higher impropriety suggests speech activity. Our single-channel method is blind in the sense that it is unsupervised and, unlike many VAD systems, does not rely on non-speech periods for noise parameter estimation. Our methods achieve improved performance over other state-of-the-art magnitude-based VADs on the QUT-NOISE-TIMIT corpus, which indicates that impropriety is a compelling new feature for voice activity detection.
Induction of various cytokines and development of severe mucosal inflammation by <i>cagA</i> gene positive <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> strains (1997)

These findings suggest that the ability to induce cytokines differs among the strains; cagA+ strains induce various kinds of cytokines and may cause severe inflammation, whereas cagA- strains induce IL-8 and IL-1 beta only weakly and may cause only mild inflammation. However, as most patients infected with the cagA+ strains have gastritis, these strains may not be equivalent to ulcerogenic strains.
A 1.8 GHz SiGe HBT VCO using 0.5㎛ BiCMOS Process (2003)

In this paper, we fabricated an 1.8 GHz differential VCO using a commercial 0.5 ㎛ SiGe BiCMOS process technology. The fabricated VCO consumes 16 mA at 3 V supply voltage and has a 1.2×1.6 ㎟ chip area. A phase noise measured at 100 kHz offset carrier is - 110 dBc/Hz and a tuning range is 1795 MHz∼1910 MHz when two varactor diodes are biased from 0 V to 3 V.
Electrical spinal cord stimulation in the long‐term treatment of chronic painful diabetic neuropathy (2005)

ESCS can continue to provide significant pain relief over a prolonged period of time with little associated morbidity.
Atherosclerotic plaque characterization with optoacoustic imaging (2005)

The developing realization that acute coronary events, such as myocardial infarctions, can be caused by the sudden disruption of relatively small, rupture-prone plaques has led to increased exploration of clinical techniques that identify "vulnerable plaque" and differentiate it from "stable" plaque. Intravascular optoacoustic imaging promises to be such a technique. It has the capability of measuring the thickness of the plaque cap, the size of the underlying lipid reservoir, and other structural features known to be related to the vulnerability of the plaque. Inside an artery, optoacoustic imaging must necessarily be done in the backward mode, with irradiation and detection close to the same site on the tissue surface. With test phantoms simulating the optical and acoustic properties of the arterial wall, we have been able to show that backward-mode imaging is feasible. Modification of the ultrasonic detector used to allow irradiation and detection at the same point on the same surface affects the signal in a predictable way. The effect of the probe on the signal can reliably be removed by deconvolution of the measured signal to take into account the detector response.
Insights into dynamic covalent chemistry at surfaces (2015)

The potential of surface confined self-assembly to influence the chemical equilibrium of Schiff base formation and bias the yield and distribution of reaction products is explored.
Breast cancer in the United States: the burden on an aging, changing nation. (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6076 Background: Over the next 20 years, important demographic changes in the US will emerge, with the number of older and non-white Americans increasing dramatically. Though breast cancer incidence is known to vary by both age and race, the projected impact of impending population changes on breast cancer incidence has never been quantified. To delineate the future burden of breast cancer, we calculated population-based projections of breast cancer incidence through 2030.&#x2028; Material and Methods: SEER data provided current age- and race-specific incidence rates for invasive or in situ female breast cancer. Age- and race-specific projections for the US population through 2030 were derived from Census Bureau data. Assuming stable race- and age-adjusted incidence, the total number of breast cancer cases by race and age through 2030 was estimated.&#x2028; Results: From 2008 to 2030, the total number of breast cancer cases is expected to increase from 264,000 to 357,000. Of cases diagnosed in 2030, 60% will occur in women ages 65 and older. This represents a 67% increase in the number of breast cancer cases in women age 65 and over (from 127,000 to 212,000), compared to a 6% increase in women under age 65 (from 137,000 to 145,000). In 2030, 19% of all cases will occur in non-whites, representing a 70% increase in non-whites (from 40,000 to 68,000), compared to a 29% increase in whites (from 224,000 to 289,000). While cases in older non-white women currently represent only 13% of older patients, they will comprise 17% by 2030.&#x2028; Discussion: With major demographic shifts on the horizon, an imminent wave of older breast cancer patients will impose a substantial burden on the US healthcare system. Efforts to expand capacity, contain cost, and define optimal treatment for older patients are urgently needed. Moreover, the projected increase in the percentage of breast cancer in non-whites heightens the importance of efforts to identify and minimize health care disparities.&#x2028; &#x2028; Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6076.
<title>Resource-optimized delivery of web images to small-screen devices</title> (2003)

A framework for real-time adaptive delivery of web images to resource-constrained devices is presented, bringing together techniques from image analysis, compression, rate-distortion optimization, and user interaction. Two fundamental themes in this work are: (1) a structured and scalable representation, obtained through content- and lower-level image analysis, that allows multiple descriptions of object regions, and (2) resource-optimized content adaptation in real time, facilitated by an algorithm for directly merging LZ77-compressed streams without the need for additional string matching. Also introduced is a new distortion measure for image approximations based on a feature space distance. Using this measure, a color reduction algorithm is proposed. Simulation studies show that this algorithm can yield better results than previous approaches, both from a visual standpoint and in terms of feature space distortion.
Influence of masticatory muscle pain on electromyographic activities of cervical muscles in patients with myogenous temporomandibular disorders (2004)

The present study tested the hypothesis that the resting electromyographic (EMG) activities of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles of myogenous temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients would be significantly greater than healthy individuals. Eight masticatory muscle pain patients without disc interference disorders (DID) and 30 patients with DID along with 41 matched control subjects were included in the study. The resting EMG activities of sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles were recorded with a portable EMG machine. Pain intensities described over the muscles were recorded with a 100 mm visual analogue scale. The two groups of patients had significantly higher resting activities compared with control subjects. Patients (in both groups) who had pain in sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles reported significantly higher resting activities in the respective muscles than patients who were free of pain and the controls. The presence of pain over the examined muscles showed significant association with the myogenous TMDs without DID. The observed association of the cervical muscles with myogenous TMDs is expected to be a result of functional link between masticatory and cervical muscles. The present findings suggest that the myogenous TMDs without DID could be a distinct sub-group that can be a part of broader regional or generalized diseased entity.
Conformations of a Tethered Membrane: Crumpling in Graphitic Oxide? (1994)

We have used freeze-fracture electron microscopy and static light scattering to study the conformations of two-dimensional sheets of graphitic oxide suspended in aqueous solution. Electron micrographs show the graphite sheets are flat with some curling at the edges. Scattering experiments yield a fractal dimension of 2.15 (\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06). Lowering the solvent polarity with acetone enhances the intramembrane affinity and leads to a compact structure. Under no conditions did we find a crumpled phase, which had been hypothesized as possible for 2D tethered membranes.