gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shared and unique responses of plants to multiple individual stresses and stress combinations: physiological and molecular mechanisms (2015)

In field conditions, plants are often simultaneously exposed to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses resulting in substantial yield loss. Plants have evolved various physiological and molecular adaptations to protect themselves under stress combinations. Emerging evidences suggest that plant responses to a combination of stresses are unique from individual stress responses. In addition, plants exhibit shared responses which are common to individual stresses and stress combination. In this review, we provide an update on the current understanding of both unique and shared responses. Specific focus of this review is on heat-drought stress as a major abiotic stress combination and, drought-pathogen and heat-pathogen as examples of abiotic-biotic stress combinations. We also comprehend the current understanding of molecular mechanisms of cross talk in relation to shared and unique molecular responses for plant survival under stress combinations. Thus, the knowledge of shared responses of plants from individual stress studies and stress combinations can be utilized to develop varieties with broad spectrum stress tolerance.
Pseudo-Haptic Weight (2019)

In virtual reality, the lack of kinesthetic feedback often prevents users from experiencing the weight of virtual objects. Control-to-display (C/D) ratio manipulation has been proposed as a method to induce weight perception without kinesthetic feedback. Based on the fact that lighter (heavier) objects are easier (harder) to move, this method induces an illusory perception of weight by manipulating the rendered position of users' hands---increasing or decreasing their displayed movements. In a series of experiments we demonstrate that C/D-ratio induces a genuine perception of weight, while preserving ownership over the virtual hand. This means that such a manipulation can be easily introduced in current VR experiences without disrupting the sense of presence. We discuss these findings in terms of estimation of physical work needed to lift an object. Our findings provide the first quantification of the range of C/D-ratio that can be used to simulate weight in virtual reality.
Indium stability on InGaAs during atomic H surface cleaning (2008)

Atomic H exposure of a GaAs surface at 390°C is a relatively simple method for removing the native oxides without altering the surface stoichiometry. In-situ reflection high energy electron diffraction and angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been used to show that this procedure applied to In0.2Ga0.8As effectively removes the native oxides resulting in an atomically clean surface. However, the bulk InGaAs stoichiometry is not preserved from this treatment. The In:Ga ratio from the substrate is found to decrease by 33%. The implications for high-mobility channel applications are discussed as the carrier mobility increases nearly linearly with the In content.
Growth factors: Possible new clinical tools: A review (1996)

Bone tissue contains numerous cell-to-cell signaling peptides called growth factors with potent effects on bone cell metabolism. In vivo studies over the last 5 years have demonstrated that growth factors can stimulate bone formation and bone healing and these results have made them candidates for use in orthopedic surgery. In numerous clinical conditions enhanced bone formation and bone healing could improve the results of surgery; clinical trials using growth factors to stimulate bone formation in spinal surgery, and to stimulate healing of bone defects, have been initiated. Growth factors for clinical use will become commercially available in the near future. This review describes the main growth factors and their actions in vitro and in vivo in relation to bone tissue and bone healing. Possible areas for clinical use are also discussed.
Manipulation of gold colloidal nanoparticles with atomic force microscopy in dynamic mode: influence of particle–substrate chemistry and morphology, and of operating conditions (2011)

One key component in the assembly of nanoparticles is their precise positioning to enable the creation of new complex nano-objects. Controlling the nanoscale interactions is crucial for the prediction and understanding of the behaviour of nanoparticles (NPs) during their assembly. In the present work, we have manipulated bare and functionalized gold nanoparticles on flat and patterned silicon and silicon coated substrates with dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM). Under ambient conditions, the particles adhere to silicon until a critical drive amplitude is reached by oscillations of the probing tip. Beyond that threshold, the particles start to follow different directions, depending on their geometry, size and adhesion to the substrate. Higher and respectively, lower mobility was observed when the gold particles were coated with methyl (-CH(3)) and hydroxyl (-OH) terminated thiol groups. This major result suggests that the adhesion of the particles to the substrate is strongly reduced by the presence of hydrophobic interfaces. The influence of critical parameters on the manipulation was investigated and discussed viz. the shape, size and grafting of the NPs, as well as the surface chemistry and the patterning of the substrate, and finally the operating conditions (temperature, humidity and scan velocity). Whereas the operating conditions and substrate structure are shown to have a strong effect on the mobility of the particles, we did not find any differences when manipulating ordered vs random distributed particles.
Exploiting camera rolling shutter to detect high frequency signals (2019)

Rolling shutter-based image sensors generate images by sequentially illuminating individual pixel rows. While this often results in unwanted image distortion for scenes with motion, we propose methods to exploit the temporal behavior of the rolling shutter to detect periodic changes. Temporal information can be extracted from single rolling shutter frames, but one is limited by the number of pixels that the motion extends in the frame. However, with several rolling shutter frames we can extract very high frequencies, without aliasing, that are far above the nominal Nyquist limit established for global shutter cameras based upon the same camera frame rate. Applying the Lomb-Scargle periodogram permits a frequency analysis of sources that extend only a few pixel rows in the image.
Comparison of the Ru thin films grown on Si, TiN/Si and TaN/Si substrates by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (2008)

High quality Ru thin film with low electrical resistivity (10~14 ¿¿cm) was successfully deposited on the Si, atomic layer deposition (ALD) grown TiN(2nm)/Si and ALD TaN(5 nm)/Si substrates by using plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). Different growth mode and crystallization behavior were observed for the Ru films grown on these different substrates. Results show that the lowest surface roughness, lowest electrical resistivity and best crystallinity of the Ru films can be achieved on all three substrates with a growth temperature of 270°C. Ex and in-situ X-ray diffraction were employed to verify the good diffusion barrier properties of Ru/TiN and Ru/TaN bi-layer structure.
Coatings of Ceramics on Metals (1988)

An improved understanding of the complexity of the chemical bond theory as it applies to multiphase alloys is developing. A better understanding of compatibility of alloy and ceramic during refiring schedules based upon leucite phase transformations and the ramifications for porcelain failure is emerging. It may also be possible to use other high-expansion glass-ceramic compositions for coating metals. The limitations of bond test methods have been identified. Future bond test methods should aim to make use of fracture toughness theory. Ideally, it should be possible to specify ceramic-to-metal interfacial fracture toughness as a percentage of the fracture toughness of the ceramic interface material. Wet chemical methods have the potential to produce a number of innovative advances in new ceramic and glass biomaterials. These systems may provide a useful method for initial ceramic precoats on metals.
Development of an Information Quality Framework for Mechanical Engineering Modules with Enhanced Treatment for Pedagogical Content (2016)

The technology based learning systems have capability to comply with diverse requirements of all the stakeholders in the modern education system. In technology based modules, such as those taught in Mechanical Engineering courses, the psychomotor content takes precedence over other domains of teaching and learning. Effective integration of pedagogical content within the Mechanical Engineering modules is of utmost importance for effectiveness in teaching and learning processes in these modules. Published literature is limited in this regard, and hence, the present study focuses on developing a novel an information quality framework for Mechanical Engineering modules, through which an enhanced treatment has been provided to the pedagogical content, in order to meet the educational goals and the industrial requirements worldwide. The novel information quality framework developed in the present study can be used as a guideline for measuring the effectiveness of Mechanical Engineering modules.
Regeneration of T-cell helper function in zinc-deficient adult mice (1978)

Diets deficient in zinc cause rapid atrophy of the thymus and loss of T-cell helper function in the young adult A/J mouse. Because zinc deficiency, as well as other nutritional deficiences, causes extensive damage to the immune system, the question arose as to whether zinc-deficient mice could repair the thymus and fully regenerate T-cell helper function if returned to diets containing adequate amounts of zinc. Five-week-old A/J female mice were fed either a zinc-deficient (<1 mug of Zn per g) or a zinc-adequate (50 mug of Zn per g) diet for 31 days. Histological examination of thymuses from the zinc-deficient mice revealed that the cortex was preferentially involuted and the thymus was about one-third of normal size. The direct plaque-forming cells produced per mouse spleen in response to immunization with sheep erythrocytes was 34% of normal; indirect plaque-forming cells were 18% of normal (Jerne plaque assay). After the deficient mice had been fed a zinc-adequate diet for 1 week, their response was nearly normal, except that the indirect response was 68% of controls; in this same period, the thymuses of these mice had quadrupled in size and exhibited a greatly enlarged cortex repopulated with immature thymocytes. By 2 weeks, the thymuses of the previously zinc-deficient mice were normal in size and appearance; however, there was a slight increases in numbers of indirect plaque-forming cells. By 4 weeks, the thymus weights, direct and indirect plaque-forming cell counts, and secondary response of the previously deficient mice were normal. Mice that were nearly athymic after 45 days of dietary zinc deficiency were also able to fully reconstruct the thymus and regenerate T-cell helper function. The data show that the zinc-deficient young adult mouse has the capacity to fully restore the T-cell-dependent antibody-mediated responses upon nutritional repletion.
Study of the temperature effect of shear thickening fluid (2013)

This paper presents the study of temperature effect on a shear thickening fluid made of ethylene glycol and fumed silica with a 20% weight fraction. Four typical temperatures, ranging from 20°C to 80°C, were selected to study the shear rate dependence of viscosity. The temperature tests show that the high temperature increases the critical shear rate and lower the shear thickening ratio. A viscosity function is proposed to represent the three characteristic regions in typical shear thickening fluid and to predict the viscosity at different temperatures.
ALCAM (CD166) Expression and Serum Levels in Pancreatic Cancer (2012)

ALCAM is expressed in the majority of PAC lesions, but statistical analysis revealed no association with clinical or pathological data. Although significantly elevated in patients with PAC, the sensitivity and specificity of the s-ALCAM serum quantification test was low. Therefore, its potential as a novel diagnostic marker for PAC remains elusive and further investigations are required.
Microdielectrometry: A New Method for In Situ Cure Monitoring. (1980)

Integrated circuit technology has been used to develop a miniature dielectric cure monitor probe that combines small size with built in amplification to achieve good sensitivity down to 1 Hz, making the probe more sensitive to physical property changes than conventional dielectrometers operating at 1000 Hz. This paper describes the design and operation of the microdielectrometer chip, and the model used to determine the complex dielectric constant of the material under study. Two typical applications are illustrated by experiments. First, results of a postcure study of a Versamide 140, Epon 828 mixture are presented and compared to the results of a similar study using a conventional parallel plate capacitor. In a second experiment, several probes were placed in a 100 ml mold and used to monitor the cure of a sample of the same resin system. The data show the nonuniformity of cure within the sample, and can be explained on the basis of gelation and the temperature dependence of the dielectric properties as determined in the post-cure experiment. (Author)
Supervised classification of human microbiota (2010)

Recent advances in DNA sequencing technology have allowed the collection of high-dimensional data from human-associated microbial communities on an unprecedented scale. A major goal of these studies is the identification of important groups of microorganisms that vary according to physiological or disease states in the host, but the incidence of rare taxa and the large numbers of taxa observed make that goal difficult to obtain using traditional approaches. Fortunately, similar problems have been addressed by the machine learning community in other fields of study such as microarray analysis and text classification. In this review, we demonstrate that several existing supervised classifiers can be applied effectively to microbiota classification, both for selecting subsets of taxa that are highly discriminative of the type of community, and for building models that can accurately classify unlabeled data. To encourage the development of new approaches to supervised classification of microbiota, we discuss several structures inherent in microbial community data that may be available for exploitation in novel approaches, and we include as supplemental information several benchmark classification tasks for use by the community.
Prognostic significance of polo-like kinase expression in esophageal carcinoma. (1999)

PLK (polo-like kinase), which belongs to a family of serine/threonine kinases and represents the human counterpart of structurally related protein kinases, polo of Drosophila melanogaster and CDC5 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, may be implicated in spindle formation and chromosome segregation during mitosis. There are, however, few reports on the significance of PLK gene expression in human carcinomas. In order to evaluate its clinical significance, we examined the expression of the PLK mRNA in 49 esophageal and 75 gastric carcinomas, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. In esophageal carcinomas, PLK overexpression was detected in 47 carcinomas (97%) when compared to the corresponding normal tissues. It is noteworthy that the patients with high-grade PLK overexpression represented a significantly poorer prognosis group than those with low-grade PLK overexpression (3-year survival rate: 54.9% vs 24.8%, p<0.05). A multivariate analysis demonstrated that the PLK mRNA expression status was an independent prognostic factor for patients with esophageal carcinoma. On the other hand, 55 gastric carcinomas (73%) were revealed to overexpress PLK mRNA, but the expression status showed no correlation with prognosis. This study demonstrated that the PLK overexpression was frequently observed in esophageal and gastric carcinomas, and appeared to be an independent prognostic factor for patients with esophageal carcinoma.
Lyso-Thermosensitive Liposomal Doxorubicin: An Adjuvant to Increase The Cure Rate of Radiofrequency Ablation in Liver Cancer (2011)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. No more than 30% of HCC patients are considered suitable for curative treatment because of tumor size and severity of liver impairment, among other factors. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) monotherapy can cure small (<3 cm) HCC tumors. An adjuvant that interacts synergistically with RFA might enable curative therapy for many HCC patients with lesions >3 cm. Lyso-thermosensitive liposomal doxorubicin (LTLD) consists of the heat-enhanced cytotoxic doxorubicin within a heat-activated liposome. LTLD is infused intravenously prior to RFA. When heated to >39.5°C, LTLD releases doxorubicin in high concentrations into the tumor and the tumor margins. The RFA plus LTLD combination has shown a statistically significant dose-response effect for time to treatment failure in a Phase I trial in which most subjects (62.5%) had tumors >3 cm. RFA plus LTLD is currently being evaluated in a 600-patient randomized, double-blind, dummy-controlled trial.
Hawaii (1974)

L’archipel des Hawaii se compose de douze îles dont huit sont habitées ; il est situé au sud du tropique du Cancer, à 21 000 milles de San Francisco. L’île la plus importante, Hawaii, a donné son nom à l’archipel ; son autre nom, les îles Sandwich, lui avait été donné en l’honneur du comte de Sandwich, lord de l’Amirauté à l’époque du capitaine Cook qui y sera assassiné le 14 février 1779.L’archipel possède encore des volcans en activité. Du haut de ses 4 000 mètres, Mauna Loa surveille le p...
Hollow-Cathode Glow Discharge in Hydrogen and the Noble Gases (1966)

Properties of a discharge maintained between a planar anode and a cathode consisting of two parallel electrodes have been studied in helium, neon, hydrogen, and helium-argon mixtures at pressures between 1 and 25 Torr. The analysis of the data led to the following main conclusions: (1) The enhancement of the discharge efficiency by the hollow-cathode effect does not vary widely between the gases tested. (2) The presence of metastable excited atoms is not essential for a pronounced hollow-cathode effect to occur. (3) The minimum distance from the cathodes at which the anode fall develops is a function of the cathode dimensions, and is simply related to changes in the electron concentration and average electron energy. (4) The lowest observed cathode fall for a hollow-cathode discharge corresponded closely to the cathode fall of a normal plane-cathode discharge. (5) The general nature of the hollow-cathode effect in the gases tested is sufficiently similar to allow simple design criteria to be developed for plane-parallel hollow-cathode discharge tubes.
Proton motive force in growing Streptococcus lactis and Staphylococcus aureus cells under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (1981)

Measurements of the electrochemical gradient of hydrogen ions, which gives rise to the proton motive force (PMF), were carried out with growing Streptococcus lactis and Staphylococcus aureus cells. The facultative anaerobe was chosen in order to compare the PMF of cells growing aerobically and anaerobically. It was expected that during aerobic growth the cells would have a higher PMF than during anaerobic growth, because the H+-translocating ATPase (BF0F1) operates in the direction of H+ influx and ATP synthesis during respiration, whereas under anaerobic conditions the BF0F1 hydrolyzes glycolytically generated ATP and establishes the proton gradient by extruding H+. The electrical component of the PMF, delta psi, and the chemical gradient of H+, delta pH, were measured with radiolabeled tetraphenylphosphonium and benzoate ions. In both S. lactis and S. aureus cells, the PMF was constant during the exponential phase of batch growth and decreased in the stationary phase. In both species of bacteria, the exponential-phase PMF was not affected by varying the growth rate by adding different sugars to the medium. The relative contributions of delta psi and delta pH to the PMF, however, depended on the pH of the medium. The internal pH of S. aureus was constant at pH 7.4 to 7.6 under all conditions of growth tested. Under aerobic conditions, the delta psi of exponential phase S. aureus remained fairly constant at 160 to 170 mV. Thus, the PMF was 250 to 270 mV in cells growing aerobically in media at pH 6 and progressively lower in media of higher pH, reaching 195 to 205 mV at pH 7. Under anaerobic conditions, the delta psi ranged from 100 to 120 mV in cells at pH 6.3 to 7, resulting in a PMF of 150 to 140 mV. Thus, the mode of energy metabolism (i.e., respiration versus fermentation) and the pH of the medium are the two important factors influencing the PMF of these gram-positive cells during growth.
Intravesical injections of platelet‐rich plasma is effective and safe in treatment of interstitial cystitis refractory to conventional treatment—A prospective clinical trial (2018)

The study demonstrated that repeated intravesical injections of autologous PRP can increase bladder capacity and provide IC symptom improvement in patients with IC/BPS refractory to conventional therapy. Autologous PRP injection is safe and effective in selected patients.
Fabrication of NiO photoelectrodes by aerosol‐assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) (2014)

Nanostructured nickel oxide (NiO) photoelectrodes were fabricated with controlled morphology and texture using single‐step aerosol‐assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD). The durable one‐step film fabrication process resulted in highly crystalline columnar structure. Texture controlled films were also fabricated from granular to crystalline columnar morphology by controlling the deposition temperature. The thin film electrodes are highly reproducible and possess an optical bandgap of ∼3.7 eV and exhibit cathodic photocurrent. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Three-Dimensional Human Tissue Models of Wounded Skin (2009)

Human skin equivalents (HSEs) are in vitro tissues in which a fully differentiated, stratified squamous epithelium is grown at an air-liquid interface on a Type I collagen gel harboring human dermal fibroblasts. HSEs now provide experimental human tissue models to study factors that direct re-epithelialization and epithelial-mesenchymal cross-talk following wounding. This chapter describes the fabrication of HSEs from human keratinocytes and fibroblasts and how HSEs can be modified to characterize the response of the human epithelium during wound repair. The protocols outlined first describe techniques for the generation of human tissues that closely approximate the architectural features, differentiation, and growth of human skin. This will be followed by a description of a protocol that enables HSEs to be adapted to monitor their response following wounding. These engineered human tissues provide powerful tools to study biological process in tissues that mimic the healing of human skin and of the epithelial tissue.
Keratin 8 Y54H and G62C mutations are not associated with liver disease: Table 1 (2004)

N Keratin 8 is one of the major intermediate filament proteins expressed in single-layered epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract. Animal models provided evidence that keratin 8 (KRT8) has an important protective role against mechanical and toxic stress in hepatocytes. Recently, KRT8 mutations were identified and linked to cryptogenic and non cryptogenic liver disease.
Serial assessment of functional recovery following nerve injury using implantable thin‐film wireless nerve stimulators (2016)

This study highlights the ability of implantable wireless nerve stimulators to provide a unique view into the time course of functional recovery in multiple motor targets. Muscle Nerve 54: 1114-1119, 2016.