gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An effective detection algorithm for moving object with complex background (2005)

The temporal difference method can fast extract moving objects, but easily causes small holes and is generally not an effective method for extracting the entire shape of the moving object as well; the background subtraction method can extract the regions covering the moving objects preferably but easily to be affected by stationary objects in the scene that start to move. What's more, the adaptive subtraction of the background is very difficult to achieve. This paper proposes a new detection method for moving object with complex background. First of all, the filtering is done in both the temporal field and the spatial field to reduce the influence of noise. Secondly, the probable moving regions are fast subtracted by the temporal difference method. Finally, the object is precisely fixed by using Gaussian distributions of the adaptive mixture model (GMM). The experiments show that the method given in this paper is more efficient in extracting the moving object compared with temporal difference and GMM.
Classification of chirp signals using hierarchical Bayesian learning and MCMC methods (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of classifying chirp signals using hierarchical Bayesian learning together with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. Bayesian learning consists of estimating the distribution of the observed data conditional on each class from a set of training samples. Unfortunately, this estimation requires to evaluate intractable multidimensional integrals. This paper studies an original implementation of hierarchical Bayesian learning that estimates the class conditional probability densities using MCMC methods. The performance of this implementation is first studied via an academic example for which the class conditional densities are known. The problem of classifying chirp signals is then addressed by using a similar hierarchical Bayesian learning implementation based on a Metropolis-within-Gibbs algorithm.
Gas−Liquid Mass Transfer in Benchscale Stirred TanksFluid Properties and Critical Impeller Speed for Gas Induction (2006)

This work is concerned with the gas−liquid mass transfer in stirred tanks with gas-inducing impellers. Experiments were performed to determine the critical impeller speed for the onset of gas induction and the mass-transfer group kLa, using water, n-hexadecane, toluene, acetone, and sunflower oil at various temperatures as liquids and hydrogen and nitrogen as gases. The use of different liquids and gases allowed the influence of fluid properties on the mass transfer to be studied. Special emphasis is on reducing the experimental effort in downscaling, i.e., the use of benchscale autoclaves to mimic industrial conditions. In benchscale tanks, the capillary pressure is significant, with respect to the static liquid pressure at the impeller, and must be taken into account to describe the critical impeller speed for gas induction. Downscaling implies relatively low mass-transfer rates, which can be achieved by operating close to the critical impeller speed. The critical impeller speed must be included in models for the mass-transfer rate. Our data set of kLa values was best described by a dimensionless correlation, in which a Froude group (based on the stirrer speed N and the critical stirrer speed Ncr) was used to account for the gas-induction rate, together with the Reynolds number and Schmidt number, to account for turbulence intensity and fluid properties.
The long‐term effects of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized placebo‐controlled trial (2000)

NSAIDs significantly reduce overall pain over 4 weeks. This short-term responsiveness is retained, and even after several years of therapy with tiaprofenic acid pain scores increased over 2 weeks when it was changed to placebo. Our results do not show long-term benefits from the use of NSAIDs in OA and the majority of patients had persisting pain and disability despite therapy.
Free flexural vibrations of a ring-shaped plate bounded by confocal ellipses (1974)

This paper studies free flexural vibrations of a confocal elliptical ring-shaped plate using Mathieu functions and modified Mathieu functions which are solutions of the differential equation of motion. We give the procedure leading to the frequency equations by making use of the orthogonal property of Mathieu functions in order to satisfy the boundary conditions. Some numerical results are shown graphically in comparison with experimental ones.
Coh-Metrix (2012)

Coh-Metrix provides indices for the characteristics of texts on multiple levels of analysis, including word characteristics, sentence characteristics, and the discourse relationships between ideas in text. Coh-Metrix was developed to provide a wide range of indices within one tool. This chapter describes Coh-Metrix and studies that have been conducted validating the Coh-Metrix indices. Coh-Metrix can be used to better understand differences between texts and to explore the extent to which linguistic and discourse features successfully distinguish between text types. Coh-Metrix can also be used to develop and improve natural language processing approaches. We also describe the Coh-Metrix Text Easability Component Scores, which provide a picture of text ease (and hence potential challenges). The Text Easability components provided by Coh-Metrix go beyond traditional readability measures by providing metrics of text characteristics on multiple levels of language and discourse.
ISOLATION AND CULTURE OF TOMATO MESOPHYLL PROTOPLASTS (1976)

Viable tomato mesophyll protoplasts were isolated by using the non-phytotoxic macerating enzyme PATE instead of the generally used Macerozyme. To obtain the osmotic conditions required during isolation, salt solutions, containing 2.5% (w/v) KCl and 1% (w/v) MgSO4 · 7H2O, were used. From studies in different culture media it appeared that, under optimum conditions, cells regenerated a wall and divided three to four times. After about three weeks of incubation cell division stopped and cells started to degenerate.
Guidelines for Writing Letters to Patients (2002)

Patient letters provide a permanent record of the genetic counseling that was provided and are unique in medical care; rarely do other health care providers send summaries written specifically to their patients and families. We surveyed genetic counseling training program directors and found that while the acquisition of patient letter-writing skills was considered important, there were no specific guidelines made available to students. To develop letter-writing guidelines, we evaluated patient letters, reviewed references on professional correspondence, surveyed the medical literature, and worked with a writing consultant. The guidelines we subsequently developed and present here include a format for writing patient letters, suggestions on presenting medical information in understandable terms, and wording considerations. These patient letter-writing guidelines are intended to serve as a guide for teaching students this important skill and as a resource for practicing health care professionals.
The upstream factor-binding site is not essential for activation of transcription from the adenovirus major late promoter (1990)

An adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) has been constructed with a 4-bp alteration in the sequence which binds the transcription factor known as USF or MLTF. This upstream element has often been considered necessary and sufficient for maximal transcription of the MLP. A duplex oligonucleotide containing the mutant sequence was not capable of binding specific proteins in a band shift assay, nor was it capable of inhibiting such binding by the wild-type sequence. In an in vitro assay, the mutant sequence was incapable of inhibiting transcription from a duplex sequence containing the MLP, whereas the wild-type sequence could. These two pieces of evidence suggest that the sequence is functionally impaired. Surprisingly, a virus containing the mutant MLP had a normal replication phenotype. On more detailed examination however, we show that the mutant viral MLP was deficient in transcription at 9 h postinfection but that the rate of transcription was close to normal by 20 h postinfection. An inverted CAAT box located immediately upstream of the USF-binding element was not previously thought to be of importance to the functioning of the MLP. However, a single point mutation in the CAAT box, placed in the USF mutant background, had a marked effect upon transcription from the MLP. This result suggests that the MLP may exhibit functional redundancy in which either the USF-binding site or the CAAT box can serve as an upstream promoter element. Neither of the mutant viruses displayed any change in the levels of the divergent IVa2 transcription unit, suggesting that the levels of divergent transcription are not determined by competition for limiting transcription factors.
HIGHLY-INTEGRATED, LOW-COST IN-VITRO DIAGNOSTIC PLATFORM FOR MINIATURIZED ASSAY DEVELOPMENT (2010)

The paper describes a low-cost microfluidic platform with integrated micropumps and optical biosensor for the development of miniaturized assays for in-vitro diagnostic and point-of-care applications. The platform consists of disposable microfluidic cartridges incorporating all parts necessary for carrying out immunoassays (including reagents) as well as a readout instrument providing both the optical, fluorescence based readout and the electrical interface for pump control. The feasibility of the system for running immunoassays is demonstrated by a CRP and PSA based assay carried out completely inside such a cartridge.
LOBELANE ANALOGS WITH VARIOUS METHYLENE LINKER LENGTHS AND ACYCLIC LOBELANE ANALOGS AS POTENTIAL PHARMACOTHERAPIES TO TREAT METHAMPHETAMINE ABUSE (2014)

Methamphetamine interacts with vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) to inhibit dopamine (DA) uptake and promotes DA release from presynaptic vesicles, increasing cytosolic DA available for methamphetamine-induced reverse transport by DA transporters. By inhibiting VMAT2, lobelane, a defunctionalized, saturated lobeline analog, decreases methamphetamine-evoked DA release and methamphetamine self-administration in rats. In this dissertation structure-activity relationships around the lobelane structure were investigated on racemic lobelane analogs with varying methylene linker lengths at central piperidine ring. Affinity for dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ) sites on VMAT2 and for inhibition of VMAT2 function was determined to be 0.88-63 and 0.024-4.6 µM, respectively, and positively correlated. The most potent and selective analog, (±)-cis-2-benzyl-6-(3-phenylpropyl)piperidine [(±)-GZ-730B], for VMAT2 uptake was identified as the lead. The ability of (±)-GZ-730B to inhibit methamphetamine-evoked [3H]DA release from striatal synaptic vesicles and endogenous DA release from striatal slices was determined. The lead analog-induced inhibition of methamphetamine-evoked vesicular [3H]DA release did not translate to inhibition of methamphetamine-evoked DA release in the more intact striatal slices. Moreover, poor water solubility of these lobelane analogs prohibited further in vivo work. Subsequent work focused on analogs with the C-3 and C-4 carbons in the piperidine ring eliminated to afford racemic acyclic lobelane analogs. Generally, acyclic analogs exhibited greater water solubility and less lipophilicity compared to lobelane. Acyclic analogs exhibited affinities (Ki = 0.096-17 μM) for [3H]DTBZ sites that correlated positively with affinity (Ki = 3.3-300 nM) for inhibition of [3H]DA uptake. Pure enantiomers of potent racemic analogs were synthesized, and found to potently, selectively, and competitively inhibit [3H]DA uptake at VMAT2 and to release vesicular [3H]DA in a biphasic manner. Lead enantiomer (R)-N-(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)-3-phenylpropan-1-amine [(R)-GZ-924] inhibited methamphetamine-evoked [3H]DA release from striatal synaptic vesicles, but not from the more intact striatal slices. Surprisingly, (R)-GZ-924 inhibited nicotine-evoked [3H]DA overflow from striatal slices, revealing nonspecific effects. Importantly, (R)-GZ-924 inhibited methamphetamine self-administration in rats. However, the analog also inhibited food-maintained responding, revealing a lack of specificity. The lead analog will not be pursued further as a pharmacotherapy due to the lack of specificity. Further evaluation of the pharmacophore is needed to discover analogs which specifically inhibit the neurochemical and behavioral effect of methamphetamine.
On the design of a local switch for heterogenous multi-subsystem interconnect (2002)

Before heterogenous networks evolve to all-ATM, multimedia communications are likely to cross over different networks operated at various speeds and protocols. An effective multimedia interconnection network or the so called switching hub must be able to handle various traffic patterns such as continuous, isochronous and connectionless data. Due to the limitations of current implementation such as backplane bus and shared memory the authors present a new platform, multi-subsystem interconnect (MSI) model which is based on a parallel and fast packet switching technique. The main part of MSI is a time-multiplexed space division switching fabric with the capability of simultaneous path resolution and packet transfer. The whole structure consists of a set of reusable building blocks. In realization the interface hardware can be implemented with a few ASICs applicable for different subsystems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vision-Based Position and Attitude Determination for Aircraft Night Landing (1998)

Animage-based method forthedetermination ofaircraft position andyawand pitch orientationswithrespect to therunway during night landing is described. Information derived from a modelof the airport lights together with video images acquired by an onboard video camera and roll attitude angle sensed with a roll sensor are integrated in a Kalman e ltering algorithm. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed concept.
Increased sensitivity of IL-6-deficient mice to carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity and protection with an IL-6 receptor-IL-6 chimera. (1998)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6)-deficient mice were found to be much more sensitive to liver injury by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) than mice with an intact IL-6 system. At doses of CCl4 ranging from 2 to 3.5 ml/kg body weight, mean mortality in the IL-6 gene knockout (IL-6-/-) mice was 71% at 24 hours versus 12% in normal IL-6+/+ mice. At sublethal doses, there was extensive parenchymal necrosis in the livers of IL-6-deficient mice, which was not seen in the control animals. Lipid peroxidation induced by CCl4 was up to 10-fold higher in the IL-6-/- mice. Injections of a chimeric protein containing IL-6 fused to its soluble receptor (IL-6R-IL-6 chimera) induced hepatocyte protection against CCl4 damage in both IL-6-/- and IL-6+/+ mice. Treatment with IL-6R-IL-6 restored the survival of the IL-6-/- mice to the level of IL-6+/+ animals. Free IL-6 was not effective in reducing CCl4-induced liver toxicity, but was as effective as IL-6R-IL-6 in reducing death from metastases in a murine melanoma model. Hence the IL-6R-IL-6 chimera appears to be particularly effective against chemical hepatotoxic injury.
Marketing management: analysis. planning. implementation and control (2000)

I. UNDERSTANDING MARKETING MANAGEMENT. 1. Understanding the Critical Role of Marketing in Organizations and Society. 2. Building Customer Satisfaction Through Quality, Service, and Value. 3. Laying the Groundwork Through Market-Oriented Strategic Planning. 4. Managing the Marketing Process and Marketing Planning. II. ANALYZING MARKETING OPPORTUNITIES. 5. Marketing Information Systems and Marketing Research. 6. Analyzing the Marketing Environment. 7. Analyzing Consumer Markets and Buyer Behavior. 8. Analyzing Business Markets and Business Buying Behavior. 9. Analyzing Industries and Competitors. III. RESEARCHING AND SELECTING TARGET MARKETS. 10. Measuring and Forecasting Market Demand. 11. Identifying Market Segments and Selecting Target Markets. IV. DEVELOPING MARKETING STRATEGIES. 12. Differentiating and Positioning the Market Offer. 13. Developing, Testing, and Launching New Products and Services. 14. Managing Product Life Cycles and Strategies. 15. Designing Marketing Strategies for Market Leaders, Challengers, Followers, and Nichers. 16. Designing Strategies for the Global Marketplace. V. PLANNING MARKETING PROGRAMS. 17. Managing Products Lines, Brands, and Packaging. 18. Managing Service Businesses and Ancillary Services. 19. Designing Pricing Strategies and Programs. 20. Selecting and Managing Marketing Channels. 21. Managing Retailing, Wholesaling, and Physical-Distribution Systems. 22. Designing Communication and Promotion-Mix Strategies. 23. Designing Effective Advertising Programs. 24. Designing Direct-Marketing, Sales-Promotion, and Public- Relations Programs. 25. Managing the Salesforce. VI. ORGANIZING, IMPLEMENTING, AND CONTROLLING MARKETING EFFORT. 26. Organizing and Implementing Marketing Programs. 27. Evaluating and Controlling Marketing Performance. Author Index. Company/Brand Index. Subject Index.
Donepezil induces a cholinergic sprouting in basocortical degeneration (2007)

One of the few currently approved therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) consists in the administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, which enhances the lifetime of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Despite numerous studies on the symptomatic effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, there is as yet no direct morphological evidence to indicate that they have a neurorestorative action. We investigated the effect of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil administered subcutaneously in a rat model of partial unilateral cortical devascularization that induces a loss of the cortical cholinergic terminal network and a retrograde degeneration of the cholinergic projections that originate in the nucleus basalis. For 6 weeks, lesioned and sham-operated rats received a subcutaneous infusion of donepezil (2 mg/kg/day) or vehicle, delivered by osmotic minipumps implanted 2 weeks before the cortical devascularization. In lesioned rats, donepezil treatment increased the number and the size of vesicular acetylcholine transporter immunoreactive boutons in comparison to vehicle treatment. Donepezil had no observable effect on any of these parameters in sham-operated animals. These results show that donepezil mitigates cholinergic neuronal degeneration in vivo. This suggests a neuroplastic activity of this drug and provides evidence for a potential use of donepezil as a disease modifier in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
Modeling the Thermal Conductivity and Phonon Transport in Nanoparticle Composites Using Monte Carlo Simulation (2008)

Abstract This paper presents a Monte Carlo simulation scheme to study the phonon transport and the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites. Special attention has been paid to the implementation of periodic boundary condition in Monte Carlo simulation. The scheme is applied to study the thermal conductivity of silicon germanium (Si–Ge) nanocomposites, which are of great interest for high-efficiency thermoelectric material development. The Monte Carlo simulation was first validated by successfully reproducing the results of (two-dimensional) nanowire composites using the deterministic solution of the phonon Boltzmann transport equation reported earlier and the experimental thermal conductivity of bulk germanium, and then the validated simulation method was used to study (three-dimensional) nanoparticle composites, where Si nanoparticles are embedded in Ge host. The size effects of phonon transport in nanoparticle composites were studied, and the results show that the thermal conductivity of nanoparticle composites can be lower than that of the minimum alloy value, which is of great interest to thermoelectric energy conversion. It was also found that randomly distributed nanopaticles in nanocomposites rendered the thermal conductivity values close to that of periodic aligned patterns. We show that interfacial area per unit volume is a useful parameter to correlate the size effect of thermal conductivity in nanocomposites. The key for the thermal conductivity reduction is to have a high interface density where nanoparticle composites can have a much higher interface density than the simple 1D stacks, such as superlattices. Thus, nanocomposites further benefit the enhancement of thermoelectric performance in terms of thermal conductivity reduction. The thermal conductivity values calculated by this work qualitatively agrees with a recent experimental measurement of Si–Ge nanocomposites.
Synthesis and Properties of Photoactivatable Phospholipid Derivatives Designed To Probe the Membrane-Associate Domains of Proteins (1996)

The total syntheses of photoactivatable phospholipidic probes 1 and 2 are described. These probes contain either an aryldiazonium function at their polar head (probes 1a and 1b) or an diazocyclohexadienonyl group attached to the end of one fatty acid side chain (probe 2) and have been designed to probe the lipid/water interface and the hydrophobic core of the membrane, respectively. The synthetic schemes include the possibility of incorporating a radio-labeled atom (tritium) for further labeling investigations. Both probes were stable in the dark under physiological conditions and could be efficiently photodecomposed at wavelengths above 300 nm, leading to the generation of highly reactive species, aryl cations and cyclohexadienonyl carbene, respectively. In addition, these probes displayed UV-absorption spectra which are compatible with tryptophan-mediated energy transfer photoactivation, which can lead potentially to an efficient mapping of the membrane-associate protein domains.
Human Monocytes Activated by Immunomodulators in Liposomes Lyse Herpesvirus-Infected But Not Normal Cells (1984)

Highly purified peripheral blood monocytes from normal human donors were activated in vitro by incubation with liposomes containing immunomodulators such as recombinant human gamma interferon, human lymphokines, or muramyl dipeptide. The ability of liposomes containing immunomodulators to activate monocytes to a cytotoxic state capable of discriminating between virus-infected and uninfected cells was shown by activated monocytes recognizing and destroying herpes simplex virus type 2-infected cells while leaving uninfected cells unharmed .
An improved preparation of phenolic [1.1.1.1]metacyclophanes (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn improved preparation of phenolic [1.1.1.1]metacyclophanesTimothy B. Patrick and Philip A. EganCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 2, 382–383Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00422a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00422a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views253Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts