gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural biology of tissue factor, the initiator of thrombogenesis in vivo <sup>1</sup> (1994)

Thromboembolic disorders are commonly associated with cardiovascular, infectious, and neoplastic disease. A major link in the pathophysiology of thrombosis is the excessive triggering of the coagulation pathways by the initiating cofactor molecule termed tissue factor, an integral membrane glycoprotein. The tissue factor extracellular ligand binding domain is predicted to fold in an architecture similar to the cytokine receptor homology module. Functional sites in tissue factor have been defined by a combination of antibody, chemical cross-linking, and mutational analyses providing a model for cofactor function that involves discrete interactions with both enzyme and substrate. The understanding of the structural basis of tissue factor function promises to facilitate rational design of inhibitor molecules for defined functional sites, eventually leading to effective in vivo therapeutics.
Optical resonances of gold nanoparticles on a gold surface: quantitative correlation of geometry and resonance wavelength (2008)

The optical resonance of gold nanoparticles placed at nanometre distances from a gold surface by means of a dielectric spacer was investigated. Different types of molecules, 2-aminoethanethiol and shape-persistent polyphenylene dendrimers were used as spacers and compared. Furthermore, the gold nanoparticle size and the ambient medium were varied. The influence of all these parameters on the resonance wavelength of the system was determined. Based on a simple analytical model, a quantitative analysis was developed and surprisingly good agreement of this model with our experiment without any adjustable parameters was found.
Arithmetic and trellis coded quantization (2002)

This paper presents realizations of entropy-constrained trellis coded quantisation as arithmetic coded trellis coded quantisation. The block diagram of the arithmetic and trellis coded quantisation (ATCQ) is shown. The decoder, encoder and the performance of the ATCQ system are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
About Long-Lived Nuclear Spin States Involved in Para-Hydrogenated Molecules (2007)

This study deals with a spin system constituted of three nonequivalent protons, two of them originating from para-hydrogen (p-H(2)) after a hydrogenation reaction carried out in the earth magnetic field. It is shown that three singlet states are created provided indirect (J) couplings exist between the three spins, implying hyperpolarization transfer toward the third spin. Upon insertion of the sample in the NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) high field magnet, the following events occur: (i) the longitudinal two-spin orders which are parts of the singlet states survive; (ii) the other two terms (of these singlet states) tend to be destroyed by magnetic field gradients but at the same time are partly converted into differences of longitudinal polarizations. Nuclear spin relaxation is studied by appropriate NMR measurements when evolution takes place in the high field magnet or in the earth field. In the former case, relaxation is classical although complicated by numerous relaxation rates associated with both longitudinal two-spin orders and longitudinal polarizations. In the latter case, an equilibration between the singlet states first occur, their disappearance being thereafter driven by relaxation rates which remain very small because of the absence of any dipolar contribution. Thus, even in the case of a three-spin system, long-lived states exist; this unexpected property could be very useful for many applications.
The Neurobiology of Thought: The Groundbreaking Discoveries of Patricia Goldman-Rakic 1937-2003 (2013)

Patricia S. Goldman-Rakic (1937-2003) transformed the study of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the neural basis of mental representation, the basic building block of abstract thought. Her pioneering research first identified the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) region essential for spatial working memory, and the extensive circuits of spatial cognition. She discovered the cellular basis of working memory, illuminating the dlPFC microcircuitry underlying spatially tuned, persistent firing, whereby precise information can be held "in mind": persistent firing arises from recurrent excitation within glutamatergic pyramidal cell circuits in deep layer III, while tuning arises from GABAergic lateral inhibition. She was the first to discover that dopamine is essential for dlPFC function, particularly through D1 receptor actions. She applied a host of technical approaches, providing a new paradigm for scientific inquiry. Goldman-Rakic's work has allowed the perplexing complexities of mental illness to begun to be understood at the cellular level, including atrophy of the dlPFC microcircuits subserving mental representation. She correctly predicted that impairments in dlPFC working memory activity would contribute to thought disorder, a cardinal symptom of schizophrenia. Ten years following her death, we look back to see how she inspired an entire field, fundamentally changing our view of cognition and cognitive disorders.
PHYTASE OF MOLDS USED IN ORIENTAL FOOD FERMENTATION (1980)

ABSTRACT Molds commonly used in Oriental food fermentation have been examined for their ability to produce phytase. Except for Mucor dispersus NRRL 3103 and Actinomucor elegans NRRL 3104, all the other molds tested produced both extra‐ and intracellular phytase. The enzyme produced by Aspergillus oryzae NRRL 1988 was purified by acetone fractionation, gel filtration, and diethylaminoethyl‐cellulose chromatography. The phytase was successfully separated from an acid phosphatase, and a 44‐fold increase in specific activity was observed. The pH optimum of 5.3 characterizes the enzyme as an acid phosphohydrolase, and its maximum activity at 50°C suggests a relatively high thermostability. The enzyme is also fairly stable over a pH range 3.5‐7.8 at 25°C. The A. oryzae phytase is active with either phytic acid or glycerophosphate. as substrate, but it hydrolyzes phytic acid twice as fast as it does glycerophosphate. However, the enzyme is partially inhibited by high concentration of phytic acid. The Km value of A. oryzae phytase was estimated as 0.47 mM and V max was 11.9 μmoles P i per mg per mg protein.
Multilingual Topic Models for Bilingual Dictionary Extraction (2015)

A machine-readable bilingual dictionary plays a crucial role in many natural language processing tasks, such as statistical machine translation and cross-language information retrieval. In this article, we propose a framework for extracting a bilingual dictionary from comparable corpora by exploiting a novel combination of topic modeling and word aligners such as the IBM models. Using a multilingual topic model, we first convert a comparable document -aligned corpus into a parallel topic -aligned corpus. This novel topic-aligned corpus is similar in structure to the sentence -aligned corpus frequently employed in statistical machine translation and allows us to extract a bilingual dictionary using a word alignment model. The main advantages of our framework is that (1) no seed dictionary is necessary for bootstrapping the process, and (2) multilingual comparable corpora in more than two languages can also be exploited. In our experiments on a large-scale Wikipedia dataset, we demonstrate that our approach can extract higher precision dictionaries compared to previous approaches and that our method improves further as we add more languages to the dataset.
Mathematical analysis of concentration-response relationships. Method for the evaluation of the ED50 and the number of binding sites per receptor molecule using the logit transformation. (1977)

The mathematical analysis of concentration-response relationships is performed by means of the mass law and the drug-receptor theory. It is demonstrated that the calculation of the median effective dose (ED50), which is decisive for the pharmacological characterisation of a certain drug, may only be effected by means of the logit transformation. In addition, it is shown that this transformation is most suitable to evaluate in a mathematically simple way the number of drug binding sites of the receptor molecule.
Gesture recognition for smart home applications using portable radar sensors (2014)

In this article, we consider the design of a human gesture recognition system based on pattern recognition of signatures from a portable smart radar sensor. Powered by AAA batteries, the smart radar sensor operates in the 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. We analyzed the feature space using principle components and application-specific time and frequency domain features extracted from radar signals for two different sets of gestures. We illustrate that a nearest neighbor based classifier can achieve greater than 95% accuracy for multi class classification using 10 fold cross validation when features are extracted based on magnitude differences and Doppler shifts as compared to features extracted through orthogonal transformations. The reported results illustrate the potential of intelligent radars integrated with a pattern recognition system for high accuracy smart home and health monitoring purposes.
Plasma Metabolomic Profiles Reflective of Glucose Homeostasis in Non-Diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Obese African-American Women (2010)

Insulin resistance progressing to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is marked by a broad perturbation of macronutrient intermediary metabolism. Understanding the biochemical networks that underlie metabolic homeostasis and how they associate with insulin action will help unravel diabetes etiology and should foster discovery of new biomarkers of disease risk and severity. We examined differences in plasma concentrations of >350 metabolites in fasted obese T2DM vs. obese non-diabetic African-American women, and utilized principal components analysis to identify 158 metabolite components that strongly correlated with fasting HbA1c over a broad range of the latter (r = -0.631; p<0.0001). In addition to many unidentified small molecules, specific metabolites that were increased significantly in T2DM subjects included certain amino acids and their derivatives (i.e., leucine, 2-ketoisocaproate, valine, cystine, histidine), 2-hydroxybutanoate, long-chain fatty acids, and carbohydrate derivatives. Leucine and valine concentrations rose with increasing HbA1c, and significantly correlated with plasma acetylcarnitine concentrations. It is hypothesized that this reflects a close link between abnormalities in glucose homeostasis, amino acid catabolism, and efficiency of fuel combustion in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. It is speculated that a mechanism for potential TCA cycle inefficiency concurrent with insulin resistance is "anaplerotic stress" emanating from reduced amino acid-derived carbon flux to TCA cycle intermediates, which if coupled to perturbation in cataplerosis would lead to net reduction in TCA cycle capacity relative to fuel delivery.
Permanent-magnet properties of Sm-Ce-Co-Fe-Cu alloys with compositions between 1-5 and 2-17 (1974)

This paper describes magnetic and metallographic properties of rare-earth-cobalt alloys of (Sm, Ce) (Co, Fe, Cu) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">z</inf> ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5 \lsim z \lsim 8.5</tex> ). Some alloy compositions exhibit anomalously large coercive forces and have excellent potential for permanent-magnet application. The composition Sm <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.75</inf> Ce <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.25</inf> (Co <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.81</inf> Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.04</inf> Cu <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.15</inf> ) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7.2</inf> shows a maximum energy product of 20.2 MG Oe, which is the highest among the compositions studied. Most alloys exist in the CaCu <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> -type crystal structure although some show a few of very weak superlattice lines characteristic of hexagonal Th <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Ni <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</inf> . When aged at about 960°C, the alloys show another phase in addition to the aforementioned structures.
The Odyssey of Integration: Is Management its Achilles’ Heel? (2020)

Management for integrated care remains an underdeveloped concept and practice. A first formulation of the competences necessary was achieved, but more work is urgently required to understand how to better prepare and support managers to achieve necessary changes in practice and culture.
Angiogenic responses elicited from chorioallantoic membrane vessels by neoplastic, preneoplastic, and normal mammary tissues from GR mice. (1983)

Neoplastic tumors are able to elicit the ingrowth of new capillaries, a process known as angiogenesis. The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chicken embryos was used in an assay for this response, and normal mammary glands and various mammary growths from GR mice, including plaques, hyperplasic alveolar nodules, and hormone-dependent and hormone-independent tumors were tested. Fifteen percent of the male mammary glands tested were positive, as were 28% of the resting female mammary glands. Fifty percent of the plaques and 63% of the hyperplastic alveolar nodules tested induced neovascularization. Eighty percent of the hormone-dependent tumors and 97% of the hormone-independent tumors tested elicited angiogenesis. A fine-structural study revealed that capillaries invaded to within less than 0.5 microns of the tumor cells, but no penetration of tumor cells through the basal lamina was observed. Positive responses were directly correlated with the neoplastic potential of the tissues tested, indicating that angiogenesis can predict mammary gland growths most likely to become malignant.
A gas-liquid chromatographic method for analysis of phenolic acids in plants (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA gas-liquid chromatographic method for analysis of phenolic acids in plantsRobert J. Horvat and Samuel D. SenterCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1980, 28, 6, 1292–1295Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60232a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60232a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tropical Cyclone Intensity Analysis and Forecasting from Satellite Imagery (1975)

A technique for using satellite pictures to analyse and forecast tropical cyclone intensifies is described. The cloud features used to estimate the cyclone's intensity and its future change of intensity are described. Procedures for interpreting cloud characteristics and their day-by-day changes within the guidance and constraints of an empirical model of tropical cyclone changes are outlined.
Taxol (paclitaxel) production using free and immobilized cells of Taxus cuspidata (1997)

The production characteristics for Taxol (paclitaxel) using free and immobilized cells of Taxus cuspidata were investigated in a perfusion culture bioreactor. Although the cell growth was inhibited by higher dilution rates, the specific production rate of Taxol was increased by perfusion compared with that using batch operation. Perfusion cultures using a nylon-mesh cell separator for free suspension cells showed similar production profiles to those obtained using immobilized cells. Continuous Taxol production was successfully obtained at an approximate specific production rate of 0.3 mg/g DCW (dry cell weight) per day for up to 40 days. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gain-guided broad area quantum cascade lasers emitting 235 W peak power at room temperature (2016)

We report gain-guided broad area quantum cascade lasers at 4.55 μm. The devices were processed in a buried heterostructure configuration with a current injector section much narrower than the active region. They demonstrate 23.5 W peak power at a temperature of 20°C and duty cycle of 1%, while their far field consists of a single symmetric lobe centered on the optical axis. These experimental results are supported well by 2D numerical simulations of electric currents and optical fields in a device cross-section.
Pastoral Nomadism in a Changing Environment (1988)

Nomadic systems in their various forms are depending on the periodic use of different areas of distinct quality. They are extremely sensitive to environmental change and in particular to the loss of one or several grazing grounds belonging to the system. In the course of agricultural development cropping Systems gradually encroach areas formerly used by nomads. Rainfed agriculture and irrigation schemes occupy primarily traditional dry season grazing reserves of the pastoralists. Consequently, they are forced to keep their livestock on the remaining areas longer than the carrying capacity permits. The resultant phenomenon is overgrazing. The immediate effects of soil erosion and desertification are again causes for the loss of grazing areas. If this vicious course of events continues, it will finally put an end to the existence of nomadic systems. There are numerous attempts to find solutions to existing problems. Isolated innovations however, very often have negative side effects. The experience of enforced sedentarisation is likewise generally negative. On the other hand there are autonomous developments of sedentarisation under specific conditions. Here, however, pastoralists require assistance in order to decrease risks and overcome constraints which accompany a systems change. Zusammenfassung Nomadische Systeme in ihren unterschiedlichen Auspragungen bedingen die periodische Nutzung verschiedener qualitativ unterschiedlicher Areale. Sie erweisen sich als auserst empfindlich gegenuber okologischen Veranderungen und insbesondere gegenuber einem Verlust von Weideflachen, die Teile des Systems sind. Im Zuge landwirtschaftlicher Entwicklung besetzt der Ackerbau zunehmend Flachen, die vormals durch Nomaden genutzt wurden. Regenfeldbau und Bewasserungswirtschaft okkupieren vorrangig die traditionellen Trockenzeitweiden der Viehhalter. Diese sind folglich gezwungen, die Regenzeitweiden uber die Tragfahigkeit hinaus zu beanspruchen. Uberweidung, Bodenerosion und schlieslich Desertifikation sind die unmittelbaren Folgen, die schlieslich zum Verlust der Weideflachen fuhren. Solange diese Kausalkette besteht, wird das Ende nomadischer Systeme nicht abzuwenden sein. Zahlreiche Losungsansatze versuchen der Problematik zu begegnen. Generell gilt, das isoliert eingefuhrte Neuerungen in der Regel ungunstige Nebenwirkungen haben. Ebenso erfolglos waren meist Masnahmen der zwangsweisen Seshaftmachung. Auf der anderen Seite gibt es Beispiele autonomer Prozesse der Seshaftwerdung unter besonderen Bedingungen. Hier kann dann Hilfestellung sinnvoll sein, um Risiken zu vermindern und Engpasse zu uberwinden, die mit einem Systemwandel verbunden sind.
Cross-modal adaptation for RGB-D detection (2016)

In this paper we propose a technique to adapt convolutional neural network (CNN) based object detectors trained on RGB images to effectively leverage depth images at test time to boost detection performance. Given labeled depth images for a handful of categories we adapt an RGB object detector for a new category such that it can now use depth images in addition to RGB images at test time to produce more accurate detections. Our approach is built upon the observation that lower layers of a CNN are largely task and category agnostic and domain specific while higher layers are largely task and category specific while being domain agnostic. We operationalize this observation by proposing a mid-level fusion of RGB and depth CNNs. Experimental evaluation on the challenging NYUD2 dataset shows that our proposed adaptation technique results in an average 21% relative improvement in detection performance over an RGB-only baseline even when no depth training data is available for the particular category evaluated. We believe our proposed technique will extend advances made in computer vision to RGB-D data leading to improvements in performance at little additional annotation effort.
Bacteriocolonic Pathway for Ethanol Oxidation: Characteristics and Implications (1996)

Alcohol ingested orally is transported to the colon by blood circulation, and after the distribution phase, intracolonic ethanol levels are equal to those in the blood. Recent studies in our laboratory suggest that in the large bowel ethanol is oxidized by a bacteriocolonic pathway. In this pathway intracolonic ethanol is at first oxidized by bacterial alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde. Then acetaldehyde is oxidized either by colonic mucosal or bacterial aldehyde dehydrogenase to acetate. Part of intracolonic acetaldehyde may also be absorbed to portal vein and be metabolized in the liver. The bacteriocolonic pathway offers a new explanation for the disappearance of a part of ethanol calories. Due to the low aldehyde dehydrogenase activity of colonic mucosa, acetaldehyde accumulates in the colon. Accordingly during ethanol oxidation highest acetaldehyde levels of the body are found in the colon and not in the liver. High intracolonic acetaldehyde may contribute to the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced diarrhoea. Because acetaldehyde is a carcinogen in experimental animals, it may also contribute to the increased risk of colon polyps and colon cancer, which have been found to be associated with heavy alcohol consumption. Intracolonic acetaldehyde may also be an important determinant of the blood acetaldehyde level and a possible hepatotoxin. In addition to acetaldehyde, gut-derived endotoxin is another potential candidate in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related liver injury. Experimental alcoholic liver injury has recently been prevented by antibiotics, and this effect was related to the prevention of endotoxin-induced activation of Kupffer's cells.