gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Sandwich Holography For Compensation Of Rigid Body Motion And Reposition Of Large Objects</title> (1980)

New possibilities for engineering uses of hologram interferometry are shown by two experiments. Sandwich holography has been used for measurements of in-plane displacement of an object. The sign of the displacement is found by tilting the sandwich hologram during re-construction. Fringes caused by in-plane rigid body motion can be compensated for, and local displacements evaluated. It is shown that an in-plane motion of more than 1 mm of the object placed at a distance of about 1 m from the plates can be compensated for and a local tilt of 1.5 x 10<sup>-3</sup> degrees evaluated. An object, 1 m long was placed in a fixture and a recording of the object was performed on one of the plates in the sandwich pair. Then the object was removed from the fixture as well as the holographic laboratory and holes were drilled in one wall of the object in a workshop. Then the object was put back in the fixture and the second plate in the sandwich pair was recorded. At reconstruction the influence caused by a slight reposition error was compensated for by tilting the sandwich hologram and then the deformation around the drilled holes could be studied.
Perceived Effectiveness of the Chicago Crime Commission, 1980-1985: Insiders and Outsiders (1986)

Privatization is one of the most significant issues in criminal justice. Previous studies have concentrated on greater private involvement in corrections and policing, but have ignored citizens' crime commissions as a form of private sector participation in the justice system. This study examines the perceived effectiveness of the oldest and most famous citizens' crime commission in the United States-the Chicago Crime Commission. The Commission's effectiveness is measured, using data obtained through focused interviews with the top criminal justice authorities in the Chicago criminal justice system and in the Illinois legislature. Overall, the Commission was given high ratings on the criteria utilized to measure effectiveness. A high degree of similarity was discovered in the ratings of decisionmakers in city and county criminal justice agencies. Ratings by state legislators were much lower than those of decisionmakers from Chicago and Cook County. Differences in perceptions of the Commission's legiti macy account for some of the variation in the perceptions of effectiveness. Many city and county authorities re garded the Commission as part of the informal, unofficial criminal justice system in Chicago. By contrast, most of the legislators perceived the Commission as operating outside both the local justice system and the legislative system. One of the important substantive issues raised by this study is the distinction between realistic change and fundamental change in the criminal justice system.
A Novel Method for Remediation of PCBs in Weathered Coatings (2006)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of synthetic aromatic compounds with the general formula C 12H1oCl that were historically used in industrial paints, caulking material and adhesives, as their properties enhanced structural integrity, reduced flammability and boosted antifungal properties. Although the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has banned the manufacture of PCBs since 1979, they have been found in at least 500 of the 1,598 National Priorities List (Superfund) sites identified by the USEPA. Prior to the USEPA's ban on PCB production, PCBs were commonly used as additives in paints and asphalt-based adhesives that were subsequently applied to a variety of structures. Government facilities constructed as early as 1930 utilized PCB-containing binders or PCB-containing paints, which are now leaching into the environment and posing ecological and worker health concerns. To date, no definitive in situ, non-destructive method is available for the removal of PCBs found in weathered coatings or on painted structures/equipment. The research described in this paper involves the laboratory development and field-scale deployment of a new and innovative solution for the removal and destruction of PCBs found in painted structures or within the binding or caulking material on structures. The technology incorporates a Bimetallic Treatment System (BTS) that extracts and degrades only the PCBs found on the facilities, leaving the structure virtually unaltered.
The MPS Computer System Simulator (1999)

The software simulation of a computer system grants better control and understanding of its inner workings, both for teaching and for research purposes. We started using emulators made from other universities for teaching purposes several years ago, and now we have built our own general-purpose hardware emulator. MPS is a computer system simulator based on MIPS R3000 processor. RAM, ROM, processor, disks, tapes, printer and terminal devices are emulated to the slightest detail and fully configurable; permanent memory units (disks, tapes) may be retained between simulations. MPS features a complete graphic user interface running under X Window, documentation and freely-available sources. We also developed TINA and AMIKE, two experimental projects on operating system development; we will discuss them here, together with several other project proposals.
A microchannel plate intensified, subnanosecond, X-ray imaging camera (1990)

We have developed a microchannel plate intensified, subnanosecond X-ray detector for X-ray imaging experiments. It consists of an X-ray photocathode, a microchannel plate, electrostatic focusing optics and a subnanosecond phosphor. The detector is used for one dimensional imaging and spectroscopic measurements. Signals are recorded using either a one dimensional Reticon camera or a streak camera. The microchannel plates employ an X-ray photocathode (CuI or CsI) deposited on the front surface of the microchannel plate to enhance their soft X-ray efficiency. Electrostatic focusing of the electrons exciting the microchannel plate also enhances the gain of the detector by an order of magnitude. The electrons are accelerated to 20 kV before striking a fast phosphor (indium doped cadmium sulfide). The detector output is coupled to a Reticon camera or a streak camera with a fiber optic array. We have built and calibrated more than twenty microchannel plate intensified detectors. Efficiencies in excess of 1000 (w/cm2 output per w/cm2 input) have been demonstrated. The time response of the detector is less than 500 ps. The efficiency if the CuI and CsI X-ray photocathodes have been measured from 450 eV to 1300 eV at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory. Data are presented on the efficiency, time response, spectral response and the spatial resolution of the detectors.
Microwave-Assisted Chemical Bath Deposition of Nanostructured ZnO Particles (2009)

Microwave-assisted chemical bath deposition (MACBD) is an emerging technique for quick preparation of nanoscale and nanostructured particles. We report a simple and rapid process for synthesis of nanostructured ZnO particles by MACBD from aqueous solution of tetra ammonium zinc hydroxide. The effect of Zn+2 concentrations (0.025 to 0.2 mole/L), pH (10 to 11) and base on morphology and composition of deposited particles has been studied. Precursor solution (PS) containing 0.12 mole/L Zn+2 at pH approximately 10.3 and NaOH yielded ZnO flowers of sizes 1-2 /tm. The ZnO flowers typically consist of a central round rod surrounded by six tapered petals. Other PSs generated mixture of ZnO flowers and Zn(OH)2 rhombic particles. The results are explained on the basis of thermal decomposition of tetra ammonium zinc complex to ZnO or Zn(OH)2.
Expression of Active Human Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1998)

The formation of native disulfide bonds in complex eukaryotic proteins expressed in Escherichia coli is extremely inefficient. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a very important thrombolytic agent with 17 disulfides, and despite numerous attempts, its expression in an active form in bacteria has not been reported. To achieve the production of active tPA in E. coli, we have investigated the effect of cooverexpressing native (DsbA and DsbC) or heterologous (rat and yeast protein disulfide isomerases) cysteine oxidoreductases in the bacterial periplasm. Coexpression of DsbC, an enzyme which catalyzes disulfide bond isomerization in the periplasm, was found to dramatically increase the formation of active tPA both in shake flasks and in fermentors. The active protein was purified with an overall yield of 25% by using three affinity steps with, in sequence, lysine-Sepharose, immobilized Erythrina caffra inhibitor, and Zn-Sepharose resins. After purification, approximately 180 microgram of tPA with a specific activity nearly identical to that of the authentic protein can be obtained per liter of culture in a high-cell-density fermentation. Thus, heterologous proteins as complex as tPA may be produced in an active form in bacteria in amounts suitable for structure-function studies. In addition, these results suggest the feasibility of commercial production of extremely complex proteins in E. coli without the need for in vitro refolding.
Primidone in essential tremor of the hands and head: a double blind controlled clinical study. (1985)

Uncontrolled clinical studies have suggested that primidone may be effective in reducing essential tremor thus providing a valuable alternative to beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists which are currently the drugs of first choice. A double blind, placebo controlled trial of primidone in essential tremor of the hands and head was carried out using both clinical and objective methods of assessment. Primidone was significantly superior to placebo in reducing the magnitude of hand tremor, its efficacy being comparable to that of propranolol. In two patients tremor was reduced to non-symptomatic levels, an effect rarely seen with propranolol. No consistent attenuation of head tremor was found. There was no correlation between serum primidone or derived phenobarbitone concentrations and the reduction of hand tremor. An acute toxic reaction to an initial small dose (62.5 mg) of primidone was seen in six of 22 patients.
Biodegradable inflatable balloon for reducing radiation adverse effects in prostate cancer (2009)

Carcinoma of the prostate is one of the most abundant killers for men in the western world, and it is frequently treated via Radiation therapy. Unfortunately, radiotherapy side effects include rectal irritation and bleeding, erectile dysfunction and urinary frequency. Because radiation intensity decays rapidly as a function of distance, displacing irradiated prostate away from normal tissues would reduce damage and therefore side effects. The objective of this study is to develop an inflatable balloon that is implanted via a minimal invasive procedure. The balloon is made of a biodegradable polymer called poly(lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone). The implant is inserted rolled throughout the perineum; inflated in situ with a physiological saline; sealed and placed between the rectum wall, and the prostate gland. Balloon's mechanical and chemical properties were extensively characterized both in vitro and in vivo. The balloon's preparation ensures no bonding across surfaces as these may endanger the implant mechanical stability. Moreover, the coating method does not alter the polymer's molecular weight and therefore preserve its mechanical properties. Balloon's sterilization was carried out using ethylene oxide which, as our results show and in comparison with gamma-irradiation, doesn't damage the mechanical stability of the implant. The proper functionality of the insertion-mounting device as well as the balloon capability to retain its inflated form during patients' radiation session was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo.
Health co‐morbidities in ageing persons with Down syndrome and Alzheimer's dementia (2005)

Increasing health co-morbidities in persons with DS and AD have important implications for care and resources. Appropriate environmental supports combined with competent skilled staff are crucial and will have an important impact on the quality of life for this increasingly at risk population.
SYNTHESIS OF 2-(5-(2-CHLOROPHENYL)-2-FUROYLAMIDO)-5-ARYLOXYMETHYL-1,3,4-THIADIAZOLES UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION (2001)

2-(5-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-furoylamido)-5-aryloxymethyl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles (IIa–j) are synthesized under microwave irradiation via the cyclization of 1-aryloxyacetyl-4-(5-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-furoyl)-thiosemicarbazides (Ia–j) in the presence of glacial acetic acid.
MDA7: a novel selective agonist for CB<sub>2</sub> receptors that prevents allodynia in rat neuropathic pain models (2008)

MDA7, a novel selective CB(2) agonist, was effective in suppressing neuropathic nociception in two rat models without affecting locomotor behaviour. These results confirm the potential for CB(2) agonists in the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Two-step processing for activation of the cytolysin/hemolysin of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor: nucleotide sequence of the structural gene (hlyA) and characterization of the processed products (1990)

Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor produces and secretes a 65-kDa cytolysin/hemolysin into the culture medium. We cloned the structural gene (hlyA) for the cytolysin from the total DNA of a V. cholerae O1 El Tor strain, N86. Nucleotide sequence analysis of hlyA revealed an open reading frame consisting of 2,223 bp which can code for a protein of 741 amino acids with a molecular weight of 81,961. Consistent with this, a 79-kDa protein was identified as the product of hlyA by maxicell analysis in Escherichia coli. N-terminal amino acids of this 79-kDa HlyA protein and those of a 65-kDa El Tor cytolysin purified from V. cholerae were Asn-26 and Asn-158, respectively. The 82- and 79-kDa precursors of the 65-kDa mature cytolysin were found in V. cholerae by pulse-chase labeling and Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of hlyA products. Hemolytic activity of the 79-kDa HlyA protein from E. coli was less than 5% that for the 65-kDa cytolysin from V. cholerae. Our results suggest that in V. cholerae, the 82-kDa preprotoxin synthesized in the cytoplasm is secreted through the membranes into the culture medium as the 79-kDa inactive protoxin after cleavage of the signal peptide and is then further processed into the 65-kDa active cytolysin by release of the N-terminal 15-kDa fragment.
Photon-Counting Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry Using a Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector (2012)

A novel photon-counting optical time-domain reflectometry (ν-OTDR) based on superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. Benefiting from the low noise equivalent power (NEP), high repetition rate and low timing jitter of the SNSPD, our ν-OTDR system achieves a dynamic range of 22 dB after measurement time of 15 minutes. This obtainable dynamic range corresponds to a sensing length of 110 km. The system exhibits 6.0 cm spatial resolution at the end of 2 km and 1.1 m spatial resolution at the end of 26 km standard single-mode fiber. Considering the performance we obtained now and the increasing improvement of the fabrication technology, the SNSPD is promising in the field of fiber sensors.
Comparison of experimental gingivitis with persistent gingivitis: differences in clinical parameters and cytokine concentrations (2006)

The data indicate that conditions observed after 4 wk of experimental gingivitis are not comparable with persistent gingival inflammation in a naturalistic setting. Results are discussed with respect to current studies, indicating that chronic inflammation may reflect a stage of down-regulated pro-inflammatory response.
The Effects of Academic Self-Concept and Maternal Parenting Behaviors on Children's Academic Delay of Gratification: A Comparison Study of Koreans and Malaysians (2012)

This study examined the effects of academic self-concept (internal factor) and maternal parenting behaviors (external factor) on academic delay of gratification (ADOG). Additionally, models predicting ADOG were compared between Korean and Malaysian children. The participants of this study were 100 Korean third graders and their mothers, and 100 Malaysian third graders and their mothers. The children completed the modified versions of the Academic Delay of Gratification Scale for Children, and Academic Self-Concept Questionnaire. The mothers completed the Parenting Attitude Test. Pearson's correlation tests, independent t-tests, and multiple regression analyses were conducted to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that Korean children reported higher ADOG and academic self-concept scores than that of Malaysian children. Moreover, academic self-concept was found to have a significant positive effect on ADOG among both Korean and Malaysian children. There was no significant gender difference in ADOG for both Korean and Malaysian children. However, the effects of maternal parenting behaviors on ADOG were only detected among the Malaysian children, particularly on Achievement Press. That is, only for the Malaysian children, maternal pressure about academic achievement was found to have a significant positive effect on ADOG. In conclusion, only academic self-concept was found to be a significant predictor explaining the variance in ADOG among Korean children. On the other hand, academic self-concept and maternal parenting behaviors were shown as significant predictors explaining the variance in ADOG among Malaysian children.
Coulomb blockade in a silicon tunnel junction device (1994)

Single electron tunnel junctions have been formed in ultrathin silicon-on-insulator material by electron beam lithography and dry etching. Clear Coulomb blockade effects have been observed at 300 mK in the current-voltage characteristics as a function of the voltage applied to a control sidegate. The effects are not smeared out by thermal fluctuations until temperatures greater than 4 K are reached.
Video Quality Estimation for Mobile Streaming Applications with Neuronal Networks (2006)

The provision of mobile multimedia streaming applications becomes essential for emerging 3G networks. The crucial point of successful deployment of multimedia mobile services is the user satisfaction level, since the perceptual video quality for such low bit rates, frame rates and resolutions is limited. Depending on the content character of a video sequence, the compression and network settings, maximizing the subjective perceptual quality also differs. The complexity of quality estimation and maximizing perceptual quality for mobile streaming application is still high if only the most significant influence factors are taken into account. Aim of this work is to design an artificial neural network with low complexity for the estimation of visual perceptual quality, based on a combination of a possibly small set of the most important objective parameters (compression settings and content features). To achieve this, the neural network was trained with a set of objective and subjective parameters, obtained by an extensive survey. Moreover, estimations with neural networks do not require any knowledge about the original sequence. The achieved correlation with the data set is as good as if the more the complex human vision based estimation is applied.
c-kit ligand: a unique potentiator of mediator release by human lung mast cells. (1992)

Mast cells (MC) play a central role in extrinsic allergic reactions such as asthma and may participate in other inflammatory and fibrotic processes. However, with the exception of immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor-dependent stimulation, no secretagogues of human lung MC have yet been described. It is also unclear whether mediator release can be regulated by certain cytokines as demonstrated previously in basophils and other human inflammatory effector cells. Here, we show that the c-kit ligand (KL), a recently identified stem cell growth factor, at concentrations 10-100 times lower than that required to promote cell proliferation, enhances the release of histamine and leukotriene C4 in response to IgE receptor crosslinking of human lung MC. KL does not induce mediator release per se, but increases the sensitivity of MC to anti-IgE receptor stimulation and also enhances mediator release to maximally effective concentrations of anti-IgE receptor antibody. By contrast, a large number of cytokines examined, including the mast cell growth factors/agonists in rodents, interleukin 3 (IL-3), IL-4, IL-9, and nerve growth factor, were ineffective in this respect. These findings suggest a unique role of KL in regulating effector functions of human mucosal MC.
Platelet activation in myocardial ischemic syndromes (2004)

Platelets play a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Platelet adhesion and aggregate formation are critical events that occur in unstable coronary syndromes. Platelet activation precedes the formation of homotypic and heterotypic aggregates. In the last 10 years, researchers have described the presence of activated platelets in the systemic circulation in various cardiovascular disease states, particularly acute coronary syndromes. This review describes the evidence for platelet activation in acute myocardial ischemic syndromes, describes the pathophysiology responsible for its occurrence, and discusses how platelet activation and reactivity may affect the use of concomitant drug therapies and patient prognosis.
Physical aspects of tissue evagination and biological form (1977)

The form of multicellular animals and their organs is mainly defined by the curvature of cell layers. They are boundaries for solid tissues; and some organs and organisms consist mainly of distinct cell layers (Fig. I a ). The form of adult organisms results from a complex interplay of tissue evagination, growth patterns, production of and interaction with extra-cellular material, and other effects; but the rudiments and basic features of the forms produced can often be traced back to processes of evagination or invagination of nearly flat cell sheets at defined locations in the course of embryogenesis.
Antiinflammatory and antioxidant flavonoids from Helichrysum kraussii and H. odoratissimum flowers. (2013)

Organic extracts of the flowers of Helichrysum kraussii and H. odoratissimum contain several bioactive flavonoids, characterized by 'H NMR, '3C NMR and mass spectrometry. Four flavonoids, 5,6-dihydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyflavone, 5,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxyflavone, 3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3-methoxyflavone and 3',4',3,5-tetrahydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, have antioxidant activity by the DPPH free radical assay, while 5,6-dihydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyflavone and 3',4',3,5-tetrahydroxy-7-methoxyflavone have promising anti-inflammatory activity.