gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power and linearity comparisons of gate- and source-terminated field-plate pseudomorphic HEMTs (2005)

GaAs-based pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (pHEMTs) in which the field-plate (FP) is connected to the gate terminal and the source terminal, were developed and evaluated experimentally to determine their microwave and power performance. The small gate-to-drain feedback capacitance (Cgd) and the stable FP-induced depletion region at high input power (Pin) of the source-terminated FP pHEMT (FP-S pHEMT) greatly improve the power and linearity of the FP-S pHEMT above those of the gate-terminated FP pHEMT (FP-G pHEMT). The power ratio of the fundamental to the third-order inter-modulation product (IM3) is 18.8 dBc for FP-S pHEMT for Pin = 0 dBm; the corresponding value for FP-G pHEMT is 12.4 dBc. These experimental results indicate that the FP architecture is more effective at high-power operation and exhibits high linearity in high-power pHEMT applications.
Intelligent Fault Diagnosis and Prognosis for Engineering Systems (2006)

PREFACE. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. PROLOGUE. 1 INTRODUCTION. 1.1 Historical Perspective. 1.2 Diagnostic and Prognostic System Requirements. 1.3 Designing in Fault Diagnostic and Prognostic Systems. 1.4 Diagnostic and Prognostic Functional Layers. 1.5 Preface to Book Chapters. 1.6 References. 2 SYSTEMS APPROACH TO CBM/PHM. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Trade Studies. 2.3 Failure Modes and Effects Criticality Analysis (FMECA). 2.4 System CBM Test-Plan Design. 2.5 Performance Assessment. 2.6 CBM/PHM Impact on Maintenance and Operations: Case Studies. 2.7 CBM/PHM in Control and Contingency Management. 2.8 References. 3 SENSORS AND SENSING STRATEGIES. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Sensors. 3.3 Sensor Placement. 3.4 Wireless Sensor Networks. 3.5 Smart Sensors. 3.6 References. 4 SIGNAL PROCESSING AND DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Signal Processing in CBM/PHM. 4.3 Signal Preprocessing. 4.4 Signal Processing. 4.5 Vibration Monitoring and Data Analysis. 4.6 Real-Time Image Feature Extraction and Defect/Fault Classification. 4.7 The Virtual Sensor. 4.8 Fusion or Integration Technologies. 4.9 Usage-Pattern Tracking. 4.10 Database Management Methods. 4.11 References. 5 FAULT DIAGNOSIS. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 The Diagnostic Framework. 5.3 Historical Data Diagnostic Methods. 5.4 Data-Driven Fault Classification and Decision Making. 5.5 Dynamic Systems Modeling. 5.6 Physical Model-Based Methods. 5.7 Model-Based Reasoning. 5.8 Case-Based Reasoning (CBR). 5.9 Other Methods for Fault Diagnosis. 5.10 A Diagnostic Framework for Electrical/Electronic Systems. 5.11 Case Study: Vibration-Based Fault Detection and Diagnosis for Engine Bearings. 5.12 References. 6 FAULT PROGNOSIS. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Model-Based Prognosis Techniques. 6.3 Probability-Based Prognosis Techniques. 6.4 Data-Driven Prediction Techniques. 6.5 Case Studies. 6.6 References. 7 FAULT DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS PERFORMANCE METRICS. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 CBM/PHM Requirements Definition. 7.3 Feature-Evaluation Metrics. 7.4 Fault Diagnosis Performance Metrics. 7.5 Prognosis Performance Metrics. 7.6 Diagnosis and Prognosis Effectiveness Metrics. 7.7 Complexity/Cost-Benefit Analysis of CBM/PHM Systems. 7.8 References. 8 LOGISTICS: SUPPORT OF THE SYSTEM IN OPERATION. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Product-Support Architecture, Knowledge Base, and Methods for CBM. 8.3 Product Support without CBM. 8.4 Product Support with CBM. 8.5 Maintenance Scheduling Strategies. 8.6 A Simple Example. 8.7 References. APPENDIX. INDEX.
Building embedded microchannels using a single layered SU-8, and determining Young's modulus using a laser acoustic technique (2004)

In this paper, an innovative method to create embedded microchannels is presented. The presented technology is based on a direct-write technique using a scanning laser system to pattern a single layered SU-8. The enormous flexibility of the scanning laser system can be seen in two key features: the laser pulsing can be controlled spot-by-spot with variable exposure doses, and the laser intensity penetrating into samples can be adjusted by varying the laser focus level. The UV laser direct-write method greatly simplifies the fabrication processes. Moreover, it can be set up in a conventional manufacturing environment without the need for clean room facilities. The second part of this paper describes the underlying theory and method to determine Young's modulus of exposed SU-8 by using a laser acoustic microscopy system. The laser-based ultrasonic technique offers a non-contact, non-destructive means of evaluation and material characterization. This paper will determine Young's modulus of UV exposed SU-8 generated with different exposure doses. Measurements show that Young's modulus is highly dependent on exposure dose. Young's modulus ranges from 3.8 to 5.4 GPa when the thickness of a fully cross-linked SU-8 microbeam varies from 100 to 205 mum with a gradually increased UV exposure dose.
Evaluation of Mars CO2 Capture and Gas Separation Technologies (2011)

Recent national policy statements have established that the ultimate destination of NASA's human exploration program is Mars. In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) is a key technology required to ,enable such missions and it is appropriate to review progress in this area and continue to advance the systems required to produce rocket propellant, oxygen, and other consumables on Mars using the carbon dioxide atmosphere and other potential resources. The Mars Atmospheric Capture and Gas separation project is selecting, developing, and demonstrating techniques to capture and purify Martian atmospheric gases for their utilization for the production of hydrocarbons, oxygen, and water in ISRU systems. Trace gases will be required to be separated from Martian atmospheric gases to provide pure CO2 to processing elements. In addition, other Martian gases, such as nitrogen and argon, occur in concentrations high enough to be useful as buffer gas and should be captured as well. To achieve these goals, highly efficient gas separation processes will be required. These gas separation techniques are also required across various areas within the ISRU project to support various consumable production processes. The development of innovative gas separation techniques will evaluate the current state-of-the-art for the gas separation required, with the objective to demonstrate and develop light-weight, low-power methods for gas separation. Gas separation requirements include, but are not limited to the selective separation of: (1) methane and water from unreacted carbon oxides (C02-CO) and hydrogen typical of a Sabatier-type process, (2) carbon oxides and water from unreacted hydrogen from a Reverse Water-Gas Shift process, (3)/carbon oxides from oxygen from a trash/waste processing reaction, and (4) helium from hydrogen or oxygen from a propellant scavenging process. Potential technologies for the separations include' freezers, selective membranes, selective solvents, polymeric sorbents, zeolites, and new technologies. This paper summarizes the results of an extensive literature review of candidate technologies for the capture and separation of CO2 and other relevant gases. This information will be used to prioritize the technologies to be developed further during this and other ISRU projects.
Multiplex PCR To Identify Macrolide Resistance Determinants in Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida (2012)

The bacterial pathogens Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida are major etiological agents in respiratory tract infections of cattle. Although these infections can generally be successfully treated with veterinary macrolide antibiotics, a few recent isolates have shown resistance to these drugs. Macrolide resistance in members of the family Pasteurellaceae is conferred by combinations of at least three genes: erm(42), which encodes a monomethyltransferase and confers a type I MLS(B) (macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B) phenotype; msr(E), which encodes a macrolide efflux pump; and mph(E), which encodes a macrolide-inactivating phosphotransferase. Here, we describe a multiplex PCR assay that detects the presence of erm(42), msr(E), and mph(E) and differentiates between these genes. In addition, the assay distinguishes P. multocida from M. haemolytica by amplifying distinctive fragments of the 23S rRNA (rrl) genes. One rrl fragment acts as a general indicator of gammaproteobacterial species and confirms whether the PCR assay has functioned as intended on strains that are negative for erm(42), msr(E), and mph(E). The multiplex system has been tested on more than 40 selected isolates of P. multocida and M. haemolytica and correlated with MICs for the veterinary macrolides tulathromycin and tilmicosin, and the newer compounds gamithromycin and tildipirosin. The multiplex PCR system gives a rapid and robustly accurate determination of macrolide resistance genotypes and bacterial genus, matching results from microbiological methods and whole-genome sequencing.
A quadrature clock generator with calibration for 22&#x223C;31.4 GS/s real-time sampling system (2015)

This paper presents an accurate quadrature clock signals with phase calibration for ultra-high speed real-time sampling system. The proposed four-phase clock generator is a phase locked loop (PLL) with a novel quadrature divider which can realize tunable quadrature phase to calibrate variable mismatches. The operating frequency of the proposed quadrature clock can be tuned from 5.5GHz to 7.85GHz which can be used in four-channel time-interleaved sampler. The real-time sampling system achieve 28-31.2GS/s sampling rate. The chip consumes 28mW power with 1.2V supply voltage in TSMC 65 nm CMOS process. The measurements show that the calibration phase can cover ±10°I phase and Q phase mismatch. The phase noise is -115 dBc/Hz@1MHz offset frequency at 6.85GHz center frequency and cycle-to-cycle time RMS jitter is 210fs.
A ranking method based on users' contexts for information recommendation (2008)

We propose a ranking method using a Support Vector Machine for information recommendation. By using the SVM, a recommendation method can determine suitable items for a user from enormous item sets. However, it can decide based on just two classes: whether the user likes a thing or not. When there is a large number of recommended items, it is not easy for the user to find the best item by herself. To resolve this issue, it is desirable to rank the items based on the user's preferences. Moreover, the user's preferences change depending on the context. Based on the above problem, we propose a context-aware ranking method for information recommendation. Our method considers a user's context when ranking items. Our method consists of the following two steps: (1) Predicting important feature parameters for the user. (2) Calculating a ranking score of each item in recommendation candidates. In this paper, we describe our method and show experimental results.
Anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody reduces neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury in mice (2013)

The present study reports the beneficial effects of an anti-mouse interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor antibody (MR16-1) on neuropathic pain in mice with spinal cord injury (SCI). Following laminectomy, contusion SCI models were produced using an Infinite Horizon (IH)-impactor. MR16-1 was continuously injected for 14 days using Alzet osmotic pumps. A mouse IL-6 ELISA kit was then used to analyze IL-6 levels in the spinal cord tissue between 12 and 72 h after injury. Motor and sensory functions were evaluated each week using the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS), plantar von Frey and thermal threshold tests. Histological examinations were performed 42 days after SCI. Between 24 and 72 h after SCI, the expression levels of IL-6 were significantly decreased in the MR16-1 treated group. Six weeks after surgery, the BMS score of the MR16-1-treated group indicated significant recovery of neurological functions. MR16-1-treated mice in the SCI group exhibited lower paw withdrawal thresholds in the plantar von Frey and thermal tests, which were used to evaluate allodynia. MR16-1 treatment significantly increased the area of Luxol fast blue-stained tissue, representing spared myelin sheaths. These results indicate that the continuous inhibition of IL-6 signaling by MR16-1 between the early and sub-acute phases following SCI leads to neurological recovery and the suppression of hyperalgesia and allodynia. Overall, our data suggest that the inhibition of severe inflammation may be a promising neuroprotective approach to limit secondary injury following SCI and that an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody may have clinical potential for the treatment of SCI.
Fast, Compact, and Discriminative: Evaluation of Binary Descriptors for Mobile Applications (2016)

Local feature descriptors underpin many diverse applications, supporting object recognition, image registration, database search, 3D reconstruction, and more. The recent phenomenal growth in mobile devices and mobile computing in general has created demand for descriptors that are not only discriminative, but also compact in size and fast to extract and match. In response, a large number of binary descriptors have been proposed, each claiming to overcome some limitations of the predecessors. This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of several promising binary designs. We show that existing evaluation methodologies are not sufficient to fully characterize descriptors' performance and propose a new evaluation protocol and a challenging dataset. In contrast to the previous reviews, we investigate the effects of the matching criteria, operating points, and compaction methods, showing that they all have a major impact on the systems' design and performance. Finally, we provide descriptor extraction times for both general-purpose systems and mobile devices, in order to better understand the real complexity of the extraction task. The objective is to provide a comprehensive reference and a guide that will help in selection and design of the future descriptors.
Well-Defined Chiral Spiro Iridium/Phosphine−Oxazoline Cationic Complexes for Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Imines at Ambient Pressure (2006)

New chiral phosphine-oxazoline ligands (7, SIPHOX) with a rigid and bulky spirobiindane scaffold were synthesized, starting with optically pure 7-diphenylphosphino-7'-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxyl-1,1'-spirobiindane, in four steps in 40-64% overall yield. Iridium complexes of 7, the chiral analogues of the Crabtree catalyst, were generated by coordination of ligands 7 and [Ir(COD)Cl](2) in the presence of sodium tetrakis-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenylborate. The complexes were characterized by NMR, ESI-MS, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The Ir-SIPHOX complexes can catalyze the hydrogenation of acyclic N-aryl ketimines under ambient pressure with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee) and full conversions. This result represents the highest enantioselectivity and the first example of the hydrogenation of imines catalyzed by chiral analogues of the Crabtree catalyst at ambient pressure. Studies on the stability of the catalysts revealed that the catalysts Ir-SIPHOX are very stable and resistant to the formation of inactive trimers under hydrogenation conditions. On the basis of the X-ray diffraction analysis of the structures of catalysts and amine products, a rational explanation for the enantiocontrol of the chiral catalysts in the hydrogenation of imines is proposed.
A Scalable Hardware Implementation of a Best-Effort Scheduler for Multicore Processors (2013)

The trend for multicore processor architectures indicates an ongoing increase in computing cores per chip. The resulting challenges demand for a revision of the applicability of existing hardware operating systems. We propose a scalable best-effort task scheduler implemented in hardware, which services a homogeneous multiprocessor architecture. The hardware scheduler realizes a master/slave system to maximize available parallelism. Experimental results show the scalability of the hardware scheduler in terms of performance, area and power. A design pattern to generate a hierarchical communication architecture for task management is prospected.
Who wants to get fired? (2013)

Microblogging services like Twitter have witnessed a flood of users and short updates (tweets). Although this phenomenon brings new possibilities of communication, it also brings dangerous consequences. From time to time, people post tweets guided by strong emotions. By default, tweets are public and anyone, anywhere can instantly see your updates, creating high exposure and lack of awareness about privacy issues. In many cases, this may lead to consequences that can be harmful to one's personal and professional life. In this paper, we investigate the posting behavior of people who tweet that they hate their jobs and bosses and their responses to alerts about the potential damage that such a tweet may cause. We show that, in many cases, people are not aware about the dimension of their audience, and once alerted, they often regret what they have publicly said. Our analysis leads us to believe that many users could benefit from a 'give a second thought before posting' tool that may save their jobs.
Loss of histone demethylase KDM6B enhances aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer through downregulation of C/EBPα (2014)

Genetic mutations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with critical roles have been well examined. The recent discovery of alterations in genes encoding histone modifiers suggests their possible roles in the complexity of cancer development. We previously reported loss of heterozygosity of the KDM6B gene, which encodes a histone demethylase for trimethylated histone H3 lysine 27, a repressive chromatin mark, in PDAC cells. In this study, we demonstrated that loss of KDM6B enhanced aggressiveness of PDAC cells. KDM6B has been regarded as a tumor suppressor that mediates oncogenic KRAS-induced senescence. Consistently, KDM6B was highly expressed in pancreatic precancerous lesions (pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms); then, the expression decreased as the malignant grade progressed. We found that knockdown of KDM6B in PDAC cells promoted tumor sphere formation and increased peritoneal dissemination and liver metastasis in vivo. Microarray and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis implicated CEBPA for aggressiveness induced by KDM6B knockdown. CEBPA knockdown recapitulated the phenotypic change of PDAC cells after KDM6B knockdown, which was reversed by forced expression of C/EBPα. Moreover, similar protein expression patterns of KDM6B and C/EBPα in human PDAC emphasized their functional correlation. Notably, pharmacological inhibition of the H3K27 methylase EZH2 in PDAC cells inhibited tumor sphere formation along with the upregulation of CEBPA expression, and this effect was impaired in KDM6B knockdown cells, highlighting the role for KDM6B in the activation of CEBPA. Together, our results propose a significant role for the KDM6B-C/EBPα axis in the PDAC phenotype.
A microRNA contribution to aberrant Ras activation in gastric cancer. (2011)

Oncogenic Ras mutations are rare in gastric cancer, indicating that other mechanisms may be responsible for aberrant Ras activation in this type of cancer. Ezrin is critical to Ras activation by remodeling cortical actin cy-toskeleton. In this study, we aimed to illustrate the relevance and regulation of ezrin in gastric cancer. Ezrin was upregulated in gastric cancer cells. Ezrin siRNA inhibited Ras activation, cell growth and cell migration. Ezrin overex-pression was correlated with a poor outcome of gastric cancer patients (n=150, p<0.01). Cox regression analysis revealed a significant value of ezrin expression in prognosis prediction of gastric cancer (relative risk: 2.37, 95% confidence interval: 1.24-4.56, p<0.01). MiR-204, which was predicted to target ezrin, was downregulated in gastric cancer cells and gastric carcinomas (n=22, p<0.01). MiR-204 inhibited ezrin expression, Ras activation, cell growth and cell migration. Importantly, miR-204 suppressed the expression of luciferase controlled by wild-type but not mutated ezrin 3'-UTR. In conclusion, ezrin is important to Ras activation in gastric cancer. Its upregulation is an independent prognosis prediction factor for gastric cancer. By contributing to ezrin upregulation, miR-204 downregulation represents a novel mechanism for aberrant Ras activation in gastric carcinogenesis.
Quantum correlation between the junction-voltage fluctuation and the photon-number fluctuation in a semiconductor laser (1991)

The photon-number fluctuation of the external field from a semiconductor laser---which was reduced to below the standard quantum limit---is shown to be correlated with the measured junction-voltage noise. The spectral density of the sum of the photon-number fluctuation and junction-voltage fluctuation falls below the squeezed photon-number fluctuation. This confirms the theoretical predictions that this correlation, which originates in the dipole interaction between the internal field and electron-hole pairs, extends into the quantum regime.
An optical correlator feature extractor neural net system (1992)

The three optical information processing techniques of detection, recognition, and identification can and should be combined to achieve the best benefits of each. All methods are required for difficult pattern recognition problems. We consider the identification of multiple objects in the field of view in clutter. A morphological correlator is used to achieve detection. Hierarchical and symbolic pattern recognition correlators can also achieve detection as well as recognition. For very large class probems, feature extractors are required for identification, but first require detection. For difficult multiclass discrimination problems, neural net methods (rather than linear discriminant functions) are needed for identification.
Third generation FCC feed injection technology: Introduction of the ATOMAX[trademark] feed nozzle (1994)

The feed injection system of a catalytic cracker plays a key role in the yield performance of the unit. Ideally, cracking reactions take place in the vapor phase on the solid catalyst surface. Rapid and homogeneous mixing is essential to ensure quick vaporization and intimate contact between the oil and catalyst. High performance feed injection will improve the gasoline selectivity and conversion of the FCC unit while minimizing dry gas and coke yields. In this paper the authors document the development, by Mobil and M.W. Kellogg, of a new, third generation FCC feed injector called ATOMAX[trademark]. The authors describe the performance criteria that guided the development of this technology and present laboratory data comparing the ATOMAX[trademark] with previous generation injectors. Commercial results are also presented to highlight the yield improvement capability of this third generation feed injection system.