gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Adherence to Urethral Catheters (1990)

Closed sterile catheter drainage has markedly reduced the incidence of nosocomial urinary tract infections. Infections that occur during closed drainage must ascend by colonizing the catheter or urethra. Our study compared adherence by different bacterial species to different catheter surfaces. We found no bacteria adhering to the hydrophilic catheter surface. Of the gram-negative bacteria Proteus mirabilis showed the greatest adherence to the other catheters and it, like most bacteria, showed the most marked adherence to the red rubber catheter.
Effective immunity to dental caries: passive transfer to rats to antibodies to Streptococcus mutans elicits protection (1977)

Rat dams, given intravenous injections of heat-killed Streptococcus mutans 6715, mutant C211 demonstrated significant agglutinin activity to the homologous S. mutans in colostrum, milk, and serum. This antibody activity was associated with the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class. High titers of anti-S. mutans antibody associated with the IgG class were also exhibited in the sera and saliva of the offspring that suckled these dams. After challenge with the homologous, live S. mutans, these offspring developed significantly fewer caries on all molar surfaces than did nonimmunized infected controls. A secretory immune response (manifested by the presence of specific IgA antibody to S. mutans in colostrum and milk) was elicited (i) in rat dams locally injected, in the region of the mammary gland, with heat-killed S. mutans antigen, and (ii) in other rat dams that were provided formalin-killed S. mutans in their drinking water. Offspring suckling these dams were challenged with virulent S. mutans before weaning and developed significantly fewer caries than did their infected controls. These findings clearly suggest that passively derived IgG or IgA antibodies to S. mutans are protective against dental caries.
Effect of task difficulty on cerebral blood flow during perceptual matching of faces (1996)

To aid our understanding of age-related changes in brain activation during visuoperceptual processing, we designed an experiment to test the effect of task difficulty on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as measured by positron emission tomography (PET). We report here the results from 10 young subjects engaged in match-to-sample tasks of progressively degraded faces. The tasks consisted of a control task, a face matching task with no stimulus degradation, and five levels of degradation: 20%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70%. Both performance accuracy and reaction times deteriorated significantly with increasing face degradation. There was a significant increase of rCBF in bilateral fusiform gyri during all face-matching conditions compared to the control task, and bilateral prefrontal activation during the 70% degradation condition. Linear regression analyses revealed a significant increase of rCBF in the right prefrontal cortex, and linear decreases of rCBF in the striate and fusiform cortex as face degradation increased. Performance on the 70% task was correlated positively with rCBF in right prefrontal and bilateral fusiform gyri, and negatively with left prefrontal and striate rCBF. These results show that the right prefrontal, striate, and ventral extrastriate cortex are the principal brain regions that modulate their activity as this visual discrimination task becomes more difficult. The right prefrontal increase probably represents an increasing demand on working memory or attention, whereas decreased rCBF in the striate cortex may be due to changes in the characteristics of the stimuli, or to suppression of low-level processing by one of a number of mechanisms. This experiment has implications both for the design of neuroimaging experiments, and for interpreting differences in rCBF activation between groups.
IL-12-Dependent Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression Contributes to Airway Eosinophilic Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Asthma-Like Reaction (2001)

Bronchial-alveolar eosinophilic inflammation is among the characteristic pathological changes in asthma, which has been shown to be correlated with type 2 cytokine and chemokine production. Exogenous IL-12 has been found to be inhibitory for pulmonary eosinophilia in reported studies. Using a murine asthma-like model induced by OVA, we found in the present study that IL-12 gene knockout (KO) mice showed substantially reduced airway recruitment of eosinophils compared with wild-type control mice following OVA sensitization/challenge, although the levels of circulating eosinophils were comparable in these two groups of mice. Cytokine analysis showed Ag-driven Th1 (IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13) cytokine production by CD4 T cells from local draining lymph nodes and spleen. Similarly, local eotaxin production was comparable in wild-type and IL-12 KO mice. In contrast, immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of VCAM-1 on the lung endothelium of IL-12 KO mice was dramatically less than that in wild-type mice. Furthermore, administration of rIL-12 at the stage of sensitization and challenge with OVA restored airway eosinophilia and VCAM-1 expression in IL-12 KO mice. The results suggest that endogenous IL-12 contributes to the recruitment of eosinophils into airways observed in asthma, possibly via enhancement of the expression of VCAM-1 on local vascular endothelial cells.
Why distribution-line switches are difficult to automate (1993)

Automation of distribution-line switches requires integration of the switch, switch actuator, remote terminal unit, standby power supply, current and voltage sensing devices, and communications system. And all this must be done at a relatively low cost and with a minimum of field engineering. It's little wonder that distribution-feeder automation is still at a very early stage of development. Many utilities are now working on trial systems and testing products from many different manufacturers. 17 figs.
Powermice and user performance (1990)

Claims of increased pointing speed by users and manufacturers of variable-gain mice (“powermice”) have become rife. Yet, there have been no demonstrations of this claim, and theoretical considerations suggest it may not even be true. In this paper, the claim is tested.
Playout buffer and DRX aware scheduling scheme for video streaming over 3GPP LTE system (2014)

In this paper, a playout buffer and DRX aware scheduling scheme(PBDAS) is proposed to improve the user experience of the video streaming over the DRX enabled LTE systems. By considering the UE playout buffer level and the DRX cycle length, we define the remaining playout time, which can effectively indicate the UEs' urgency. Based on their urgency, the UEs are assigned with different forms of scheduling metrics, with which the resource allocation is accomplished. Specifically, PBDAS would allocate the radio resource to the UEs whose playout process are more likely to be interruptted. The scheme has advantages in two aspects. On one hand, the annoying playout interruptions could be effectively avoided or shortened. On the other hand, the power saving performance could be improved without deteriorating the playout continuity. The simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm can not only improve the playout continuity but also decrease the power consumption.
Studies on the Expression of Genes Encoding Apolipoproteins B100 and B48 and the Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor in Nonhuman Primates (1989)

African green monkeys were fed diets containing low and moderate cholesterol concentrations with either polyunsaturated or unsaturated fat as 40% of calories. Plasma total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and apoB concentrations generally were higher in animals fed (a) the higher dietary cholesterol concentration and (b) saturated fat. At necropsy, liver and intestine were removed, and measurement of mRNAs for LDL receptors (liver) and for apolipoprotein B (liver and intestine) was done. Monkey small intestine mucosa made exclusively apoB48 while the liver made only apoB100, although apoB mRNA in both tissues was the same size (14 kilobases). No dietary cholesterol or fat effects were found for apoB mRNA abundance in the liver, while the animals fed the higher dietary cholesterol level had 50% lower levels of hepatic LDL receptor mRNA. In a separate group of animals, livers were perfused and the rate of apoB secretion was measured. No dietary fat effect on apoB secretion rate was found, and no relationship between plasma LDL cholesterol concentration and the rate of hepatic apoB production existed. These findings support the idea that the dietary factors that increase LDL concentrations act by reducing clearance of apoB-containing particles rather than by increasing production of these lipoproteins. Hepatic LDL receptor mRNA was similar in abundance in polyunsaturated fat and saturated fat-fed animals, suggesting that the difference in plasma cholesterol concentration between these groups is not mediated via effects on LDL receptor mRNA abundance. The level of intestinal apoB mRNA was about 30% higher in animals fed the moderate dietary cholesterol concentration. Earlier studies have shown that more cholesterol is transported in chylomicrons from the intestine when dietary cholesterol levels are higher, and the increased intestinal apoB mRNA abundance may reflect increased intestinal cholesterol transport and chylomicron apoB48 production.
Nonmolecular Metal Chalcogenide/Halide Solids and Their Molecular Cluster Analogues (1990)

Abstract A variety of transition‐metal cluster structures are found within the extended arrays of solidstate materials. Although molecular analogues of some of these clusters have been synthesized—either by the self‐assembly of smaller components in solution or by the excision of intact cluster units directly from the solid‐state phase—molecular chemists are often unaware of the rich structural variety expressed in solid‐state clusters. This article presents these diverse structural types as potential targets for synthetic molecular chemistry by describing fundamental solid‐state cluster topologies in transition‐metal chalcogenide/halide phases and detailing cases where molecular counterparts have been prepared. Particular emphasis is placed on cluster excision as a method of molecular cluster synthesis.
Pharmacogenetics of lithium response in bipolar disorder. (1999)

Lithium is the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder. In the past, genetic studies have attempted to identify factors associated with positive treatment response or side effects. Several research groups have shown that familial factors, family history of primary bipolar disorder, and negative family history of schizophrenia in particular, correlate well with prophylactic lithium response. Conversely, studies of lithium responsive patients and their families can assist genetic research of bipolar disorder. Lithium responders appear to suffer from a form of bipolar disorder that is more genetically based and more homogeneous. In a series of family studies, the author and his colleagues have confirmed the differences in family histories of lithium responders and nonresponders and shown that the mode of inheritance in lithium responders is compatible with a major-gene model. Subsequently, they initiated an international collaborative study to map the gene(s) predisposing to the illness or treatment response, or both, using both linkage and association strategies. To date, a sample of 32 families, 138 unrelated patients and 163 control subjects has been studied. In these studies, they found support for the role of phospholipase C in lithium responsive bipolar disorder.
Monopolar square patch antennas with wideband operation (2006)

The design of a wideband patch antenna with monopole-like conical radiation patterns is presented. The antenna has a square patch that is shorted to the ground plane through two shorting walls and is excited by a top-loaded coaxial feed centred below the square patch. Several prototypes with various antenna heights are implemented and measured. A prototype with impedance bandwidth of about 50% is achieved when its height is less than 0.09 free-space wavelengths.
Microchip‐Based Capillary Electrophoresis for DNA Analysis in Modern Biotechnology: A Review (2009)

Abstract Microchip‐based capillary electrophoresis (ME) raises fascinating possibilities for new analytical technologies particularly in the detection of DNA fragments in modern biology. The ME technique has gained considerable popularity with significant progress being made in the development of miniaturized microfluidic devices in micro‐volume analysis methods. The ME offers the potential for highly efficient, simultaneous analysis of a large number of biologically important molecules in genomic, proteomic and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food stuffs. Recently, the ME technique has greatly impacted biotechnological research with potential applications in smart devices that can operate at the level of molecular manipulation. This review is focused on recent developments and applications of ME to the detection and separation of DNA fragments in various molecules i.e., biotechnological and clinical research. Present address for Suresh Kumar Kailasa is Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat‐Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat‐Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan. Keywords: Microchip electrophoresisDNAprogrammed field strength gradientsgenetically modified organisms ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by a grant (Code 20070501034006) from BioGreen 21 Program, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea and partially supported by the grant of Post‐Doctoral Program, Chonbuk National University (2006), Jeonju, South Korea. Notes Present address for Suresh Kumar Kailasa is Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat‐Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, Center for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, National Sun Yat‐Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan.
Effectiveness of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) on intensive care unit survival (2022)

This study compared the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and evaluated the effect of vaccination with CoronaVac on admission to ICU. Patients admitted to ICU due to COVID-19 between 1 April 2021 and 15 May 2021 were enrolled to the study. Clinical, laboratory, radiological parameters, hospital and ICU mortality were compared between vaccinated patients and eligible but unvaccinated patients. Patients over 65 years old were the target population of the study due to the national vaccination schedule. Data from 90 patients were evaluated. Of these, 36 (40.0%) were vaccinated. All patients had the CoronaVac vaccine. Lactate dehydrogenase and ferritin levels were higher in an unvaccinated group than vaccinated group (P = 0.021 and 0.008, respectively). SpO2 from the first arterial blood gas at ICU was 83.71 ± 19.50% in vaccinated, 92.36 ± 6.59% in unvaccinated patients (P = 0.003). Length of ICU and hospital stay were not different (P = 0.204, 0.092, respectively). ICU and hospital mortality were similar between groups (P = 0.11 and 0.70, respectively). CoronaVac vaccine had no effect on survival from COVID-19. CoronaVac's protective effect, especially on new genetic variants, should be investigated further.
Computational imaging for stop-motion animated video productions (2014)

Creating movies using stop-motion technology remains a fascinating method of storytelling, even in the era of digital cinema. The huge number of professional and semi-professional clips produced as fan-art, which can be watched on the internet, serve as testimony to the great interest in unleashing the creative potential of this art-form. However, producing content using stop-motion remains a cumbersome task, with high production costs especially for full-length movies. Consequently, a trend can be observed that even many successful television series which were originally produced using stop-motion, have been moved to computer animation. Against this background, we propose in this paper a new production scheme for stop-motion-animated movies which has the potential to lower production costs while increasing the quality of the resulting content. By using a static multi-camera array and algorithms from the field of computational imaging, our technology permits the creation of artistic effects in post-production which are difficult to realise using conventional stop-motion methods. Our approach allows: changes in the depth-of-field; smooth camera moves along virtual camera paths; and up-sampling o f the frame-rate of the stop-motion-video, all in high quality. All effects are computed and applied in post-production while all intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the cameras remain fixed during the whole production. To demonstrate the practicability, we shall show with in this paper, results from a stop- motion video which has been produced using the proposed methods.
Contributions of neuroimaging to diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis (1994)

Recent advances in magnetic resonance neuroimaging have resulted in an increased ability to distinguish acute, potentially reversible lesions from chronic, irreversible lesions in multiple sclerosis. Refinements of magnetic resonance imaging techniques, such as fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, diffusion imaging, and magnetization transfer imaging, as well as magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging, are providing increased sensitivity and allowing detection of changes in multiple sclerosis white matter that appears normal on standard spin-echo magnetic resonance images. Increased neuroimaging specificity and sensitivity enhance the ability to diagnose, monitor, and understand the progression of multiple sclerosis. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging detect metabolites in vivo and have even greater potential for elucidating the biochemical pathology of demyelination in multiple sclerosis.
CHEMISTRY OF SOME HYDROLYZED Cr III POLYMERS (1960)

A. Isolation of the components of Refluxed Chromic Perchlorate , .and chromic Nitrate Solutions B. Determination of the Number of
Cytokeratins Biosensing Using Tilted Fiber Gratings (2018)

Optical fiber gratings have widely proven their applicability in biosensing, especially when they are coupled with antibodies for specific antigen recognition. While this is customarily done with fibers coated by a thin metal film to benefit from plasmonic enhancement, in this paper, we propose to study their intrinsic properties, developing a label-free sensor for the detection of biomarkers in real-time without metal coatings for surface plasmon resonances. We focus on the inner properties of our modal sensor by immobilizing receptors directly on the silica surface, and reporting the sensitivity of bare tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs) used at near infrared wavelengths. We test different strategies to build our sensing surface against cytokeratins and show that the most reliable functionalization method is the electrostatic adsorption of antibodies on the fiber, allowing a limit of detection reaching 14 pM by following the guided cladding modes near the cut-off area. These results present the biodetection performance that TFBGs bring through their modal properties for different functionalizations and data processing strategies.
Investigation of lung cancer biomarkers by hyphenated separation techniques and chemometrics (2011)

Detection of lung cancer is possible by volatile biomarkers analysis in breath.
Bragg surface wave device based on porous silicon and its application for sensing (2007)

Results concerning a Bragg surface wave device based on porous silicon and intended for sensing application are reported. Existence of optical surface waves on Bragg structures is experimentally shown. Such device is expected to be very sensitive to the grafting of biological molecules. The authors demonstrate this sensing effect by grafting of amine chemical groups. The optical characterization using m-line spectroscopy shows that the increase of the coupling angle is about 20° after the amine grafting. The authors show that porosity is essential for reaching this high sensitivity.
Improving Unsupervised Word-by-Word Translation with Language Model and Denoising Autoencoder (2018)

Unsupervised learning of cross-lingual word embedding offers elegant matching of words across languages, but has fundamental limitations in translating sentences. In this paper, we propose simple yet effective methods to improve word-by-word translation of crosslingual embeddings, using only monolingual corpora but without any back-translation. We integrate a language model for context-aware search, and use a novel denoising autoencoder to handle reordering. Our system surpasses state-of-the-art unsupervised neural translation systems without costly iterative training.
Automatic extraction of semantic networks from text using leximancer (2003)

Leximancer is a software system for performing conceptual analysis of text data in a largely language independent manner. The system is modelled on Content Analysis and provides unsupervised and supervised analysis using seeded concept classifiers. Unsupervised ontology discovery is a key component.
Catalase Abrogates β-Lapachone–Induced PARP1 Hyperactivation–Directed Programmed Necrosis in NQO1-Positive Breast Cancers (2013)

Abstract Improving patient outcome by personalized therapy involves a thorough understanding of an agent's mechanism of action. β-Lapachone (clinical forms, Arq501/Arq761) has been developed to exploit dramatic cancer-specific elevations in the phase II detoxifying enzyme NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1). NQO1 is dramatically elevated in solid cancers, including primary and metastatic [e.g., triple-negative (ER−, PR−, Her2/Neu−)] breast cancers. To define cellular factors that influence the efficacy of β-lapachone using knowledge of its mechanism of action, we confirmed that NQO1 was required for lethality and mediated a futile redox cycle where ∼120 moles of superoxide were formed per mole of β-lapachone in 2 minutes. β-Lapachone induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), stimulated DNA single-strand break-dependent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) hyperactivation, caused dramatic loss of essential nucleotides (NAD+/ATP), and elicited programmed necrosis in breast cancer cells. Although PARP1 hyperactivation and NQO1 expression were major determinants of β-lapachone–induced lethality, alterations in catalase expression, including treatment with exogenous enzyme, caused marked cytoprotection. Thus, catalase is an important resistance factor and highlights H2O2 as an obligate ROS for cell death from this agent. Exogenous superoxide dismutase enhanced catalase-induced cytoprotection. β-Lapachone–induced cell death included apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) translocation from mitochondria to nuclei, TUNEL+ staining, atypical PARP1 cleavage, and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase S-nitrosylation, which were abrogated by catalase. We predict that the ratio of NQO1:catalase activities in breast cancer versus associated normal tissue are likely to be the major determinants affecting the therapeutic window of β-lapachone and other NQO1 bioactivatable drugs. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(10); 2110–20. ©2013 AACR.