gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Teratogenic effects of proline analogue L‐azetidine‐2‐carboxylic acid in hamster fetuses (1981)

The teratogenic effects of L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (LACA) were evaluated in hamsters. Single or multiple intraperitoneal injections of LACA were given on gestational days 7-12. Fetal weights were significantly reduced in several LACA-treated groups as compared to controls. The frequency of external anomalies was significantly higher than controls in only two LACA-treated groups: 7.2% in 600 mg/kg on day 12 and 9.6% in 200 mg/kg/day on days 10-12. Subcutaneous hemorrhage and cleft palate were the most frequently occurring externally visible defects. Skeletal anomalies such as retarded ossification, synchronous vertebral ossification and shortening of bones were found in a high percentage of LACA-treated fetuses. The major teratological effect of LACA appeared to be the retardation of skeletal development.
Antithrombin Activity of Fucoidan (1989)

Fucoidan, poly(L-fucopyranose) linked primarily alpha 1----2 with either a C3- or a C4-sulfate, is an effective anticoagulant in vitro and in vivo (Springer, G. F., Wurzel, H. A., McNeal, G. M., Jr., Ansell, N. J., and Doughty, M. F. (1957) Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 94, 404-409). We have determined the antithrombin effects of fucoidan on the glycosaminoglycan-binding plasma proteinase inhibitors antithrombin III and heparin cofactor II. Fucoidan enhances the heparin cofactor II-thrombin reaction more than 3500-fold. The apparent second-order rate constant of thrombin inhibition by heparin cofactor II increases from 4 x 10(4) (in the absence of fucoidan) to 1.5 x 10(8) M-1 min-1 as the fucoidan concentration increases from 0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml and then decreases as fucoidan is increased above 10 micrograms/ml. The fucoidan reaction with heparin cofactor II-thrombin is kinetically equivalent to a "template model." Apparent fucoidan-heparin cofactor II and fucoidan-thrombin dissociation constants are 370 and 1 nM, respectively. The enhancement of thrombin inhibition by fucoidan, like heparin and dermatan sulfate, is eliminated by selective chemical modification of lysyl residues either of heparin cofactor II or of thrombin. The fucoidan-antithrombin III reactions with thrombin and factor Xa are accelerated maximally 285- and 35-fold at fucoidan concentrations of 30 and 500 micrograms/ml, respectively. Using human plasma and 125I-labeled thrombin in an ex vivo system, the heparin cofactor II-thrombin complex is formed preferentially over the antithrombin III-thrombin complex in the presence of 10 micrograms/ml fucoidan. Our results indicate that heparin cofactor II is activated by fucoidan in vitro and in an ex vivo plasma system and suggest that the major antithrombin activity of fucoidan in vivo is mediated by heparin cofactor II and not by antithrombin III.
Optimum Arrangement of Phosphor Particles in Cathode-Ray Picture Tube Screens (1974)

The geometry and optical properties of the phosphor screen in a cathode‐ray picture tube have been studied in connection with the phoshor particle size distribution. The specific surface area, Sw (cm2/g phosphor), which determines the amount of light scattering in the screen, is equal to . Geometry shows that the total surface area of phosphor particles densely arranged in a single layer on the faceplate is independent of the particle size and is constant. The total surface area of the phosphor particles in the screen, therefore, depends on the number, , of particle layers, rather than on the gross thickness. . The usefulness of as a determinant of the brightness of a phosphor screen has been demonstrated. It was found experimentally that the optimum number of the particle layers producing maximum luminescence with minimum scattering is about 1.4.
Enhanced cardiac function in mice overexpressing protein phosphatase Inhibitor-2 (2005)

These results indicate that I-2(140) overexpression results in decreased PP1 activity and enhanced contractility in the heart, underscoring the fundamental role of PP1 in cardiac function.
Space vector based synchronized PWM algorithm for three level voltage source inverters: principles and application to V/f drives (2003)

This paper describes the synchronized PWM techniques based on space vector approach for three level voltage source inverters. The objective is to improve the output waveform of the inverters used in high power applications, where the switching frequency is very low. This is achieved by maintaining the synchronization and half wave symmetry, quarter wave symmetry, three-phase symmetry in the PWM waveforms. The principles of achieving synchronization and symmetries are presented. The proposed algorithm is implemented on TMS320F240 based digital controller and applied to V/f drive. The experimental waveforms of the inverter output voltage and motor no load current for different operating conditions of the drive are presented. The V/sub WTHD/ of the line voltage and I/sub THD/ of the no load current of the motor are computed from the experimental data. The performance measure in terms of the V/sub WTHD/ of the line voltage is computed for the entire operating region of the drive for the proposed algorithm and the synchronized SPWM technique. The comparative results show that the proposed method has improved THD over SPWM method. Another significant feature of the proposed algorithm is that the symmetry and synchronization leads to self-balancing of the DC bus capacitor voltages.
Color Image Enhancement with Saturation Adjustment Method (2014)

In the traditional color adjustment approach, people tried to separately adjust the luminance and saturation. This approach makes the color over-saturate very easily and makes the image look unnatural. In this study, we try to use the concept of exposure compensation to simulate the brightness changes and to find the relationship among luminance, saturation, and hue. The simulation indicates that saturation changes with the change of luminance and the simulation also shows there are certain relationships between color variation model and YCbCr color model. Together with all these symptoms, we also include the human vision characteristics to propose a new saturation method to enhance the vision effect of an image. As results, the proposed approach can make the image have better vivid and contrast. Most important of all, unlike the over-saturation caused by the conventional approach, our approach prevents over-saturation and further makes the adjusted image look natural.
High Vacuum Distillation (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh Vacuum DistillationKenneth HickmanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 1, 44–46Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50517a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50517a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Microwave and RTA annealing of phos-doped, strained Si(100) and (110) implanted with molecular Carbon ions (2013)

Effects of microwave (MWA) at ≈500 C and rapid-thermal annealing at 600 to 1000 C are compared for phosphorous-doped, strained Si(100) and (110) implanted with molecular Carbon (C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sub> ) ions. Substitutional Carbon levels at 1.44% were achieved for P-doped, C7 implanted strained nMOS S/D type junctions with MWA.
Functional characterization of the non-catalytic ectodomains of the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase NPP1 (2003)

The ubiquitous nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases NPP1-3 consist of a short intracellular N-terminal domain, a single transmembrane domain and a large extracellular part, comprising two somatomedin-B-like domains, a catalytic domain and a poorly defined C-terminal domain. We show here that the C-terminal domain of NPP1-3 is structurally related to a family of DNA/RNA non-specific endonucleases. However, none of the residues that are essential for catalysis by the endonucleases are conserved in NPP1-NPP3, suggesting that the nuclease-like domain of NPP1-3 does not represent a second catalytic domain. Truncation analysis revealed that the nuclease-like domain of NPP1 is required for protein stability, for the targeting of NPP1 to the plasma membrane and for the expression of catalytic activity. We also demonstrate that 16 conserved cysteines in the somatomedin-B-like domains of NPP1, in concert with two flanking cysteines, mediate the dimerization of NPP1. The K173Q polymorphism of NPP1, which maps to the second somatomedin-B-like domain and has been associated with the aetiology of insulin resistance, did not affect the dimerization or catalytic activity of NPP1, and did not endow NPP1 with an affinity for the insulin receptor. Our data suggest that the non-catalytic ectodomains contribute to the subunit structure, stability and function of NPP1-3.
33—A NEW AUTOGRAPHIC LOAD-EXTENSION RECORDER (1933)

ABSTRACT A method is described of obtaining load-extension diagrams of textile yarns and fibres with constant rate of loading throughout each test, and giving diagrams in rectangular co-ordinates. The novel point in the method consists in the application of the load through a spiral spring by the rotation of a torsion-head at constant speed. Two instruments are described—one for threads of strength between 50 and 500 grams, and the other for filaments and hairs of strength below 20 grams.
Toll-like receptor modulation in cardiovascular disease: a target for intervention? (2006)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) form a family of pattern recognition receptors that have emerged as key mediators of innate immunity. These receptors sense invading microbes and initiate the immune response. TLR-mediated inflammation is an important pathogenic link between innate immunity and a diverse panel of clinical disorders. Among the processes in which TLRs play a role are cardiovascular disorders such as cardiac ischaemia, coronary artery disease, ventricular remodelling, cancer angiogenesis or transplant rejection. From these, many important opportunities for disease modification through TLR signalling manipulation can be imagined. Their role as potential targets for therapeutic intervention is just beginning to be appreciated and this article reviews the current status of these treatment strategies for cardiovascular disease.
Structure and transcriptional regulation of the Escherichia coli adaptive response gene aidB (1994)

Expression of the Escherichia coli aidB gene is induced in vivo by alkylation damage in an ada-dependent pathway and by anaerobiosis or by acetate at pH 6.5 in an ada-independent fashion. In this report, we present data on aidB gene structure, function, and regulation. The aidB gene encodes a protein of ca. 60 kDa that is homologous to several mammalian acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenases. Accordingly, crude extracts from an aidB-overexpressing strain showed isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase activity. aidB overexpression also reduced N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced mutagenesis. Both ada- and acetate/pH-dependent induction of aidB are regulated at the transcriptional level, and the same transcriptional start point is used for both kinds of induction. Ada protein plays a direct role in aidB regulation: methylated Ada is able to bind to the aidB promoter region and to activate transcription from aidB in an in vitro transcription-translation system using crude E. coli extracts.
Which insulin to use? Human or animal? (2002)

The introduction of insulin was a breakthrough in the treatment of diabetes and it produced a remarkable increase in the life expectancy of diabetic patients. Animal-derived insulins have been used to treat people with diabetes since insulin was first discovered and continuously subjected to various purification technologies. Genetically engineered human insulin was introduced in 1982 and now the vast majority of people requiring insulin treatment worldwide are prescribed synthetic human insulin. Although there exists a debate on which insulin to use, the decision of choosing a particular insulin ultimately falls upon the physician who should make the right choice depending on the diagnosis, expected clinical outcome and the affordability of the patients. This brief document provides an account of historical review of human versus animal insulins and discusses their relative advantages and disadvantages. The choice of insulin selection has to be thoroughly weighed by the physician focusing on the patient's clinical and economic status. However in developing countries like India, there is still a role for continuing animal insulins.
A tool for visualizing the execution of interactions on a loosely‐coupled distributed system (1995)

Abstract The paper describes in detail the implementation of INMON, a prototype monitor for recording and displaying interaction networks. The interaction network is designed to show the interrelationships between significant events that occur during the processing of an interaction on a loosely‐coupled distributed system. By being directed at analysing what happens in an interaction, this approach is fundamentally different from other graphical representations that show what happens during the execution of a single program on a distributed system. Examples are given of interaction networks recorded by INMON. The approach is based on very general models of a distributed system and of an interaction, and could be widely applied. We conclude by summarizing what is needed to provide facilities within any operating system for recording interaction networks.
Intraspleen Delivery of a DNA Vaccine Coding for Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) of<i>Brucella abortus</i>Induces SOD-Specific CD4<sup>+</sup>and CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells (2004)

In the development of vaccines capable of providing immunity against brucellosis, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) has been demonstrated to be one of the protective immunogens of Brucella abortus. In an earlier study, we provided strong evidence that intramuscular injection with a plasmid DNA carrying the SOD gene (pcDNA-SOD) was able to induce a protective immune response. The present study was designed to characterize T-cell immune responses after an intraspleen (i.s.) vaccination of BALB/c mice with pcDNA-SOD. Animals vaccinated with pcDNA-SOD did not develop SOD-specific antibodies, at least until week 4 after immunization (the end of the experiment), and in vitro stimulation of their splenocytes with either recombinant Cu-Zn SOD or crude Brucella protein induced the secretion of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), but not interleukin-4, and elicited the induction of cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte activity. Upon analyzing the SOD-specific T-cell responses, the pcDNA-SOD vaccination was found to be stimulating both CD4(+)- and CD8(+)-T-cell populations. However, only the CD4(+) population was able to produce IFN-gamma and only the CD8(+) population was able to induce cytotoxic activity. Nevertheless, although i.s. route vaccination induces a significant level of protection in BALB/c mice against challenge with the virulent B. abortus strain 2308, vaccination by the intramuscular route with a similar amount of plasmid DNA does not protect. Based on these results, we conclude that i.s. immunization with pcDNA-SOD vaccine efficiently induced a Th1 type of immune response and a protective response that could be related to IFN-gamma production and cytotoxic activity against infected cells by SOD-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, respectively.
InSnZnO Thin-Film Transistors With Vapor- Phase Self-Assembled Monolayer as Passivation Layer (2018)

Bottom-gate InSnZnO (ITZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with back channels modified by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) as a passivation layer are proposed. The SAMs are prepared by a vapor-phase deposition method based on three types of triethoxysilane with three different alkyl chain lengths. Vapor-phase reactions are much less sensitive to variations in humidity and reagent purity, are more practical than the solution-phase method, and generate more reproducible results. After the SAMs are treated, a densely packed and highly hydrophobic interface is formed on the top of the devices, and the electrical performance of the ITZO TFTs is greatly improved, especially with the SAM with a chain length of 18 carbon atoms. More importantly, it is also found that SAMs with a long alkyl chain length are beneficial for bias stress stability.
One‐Pot Dual‐Labeling of a Protein by Two Chemoselective Reactions (2011)

Dual system for proteins: The site-specific two-color labeling of a Rab GTPase was achieved in a one-pot procedure by combination of chemoselective native chemical ligation and oxime ligation. This strategy could be a general, facile, and efficient method for specific multiple modifications of a given protein. The Rab GTPase biosensor was demonstrated for protein folding and protein–protein interaction studies. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
<i>ERG</i> Expression Is an Independent Prognostic Factor and Allows Refined Risk Stratification in Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Comprehensive Analysis of <i>ERG, MN1</i>, and <i>BAALC</i> Transcript Levels Using Oligonucleotide Microarrays (2009)

We analyzed a comprehensive set of molecular risk factors in a large, homogeneous CN-AML patient cohort. In this study, high ERG expression levels emerged as a strong negative prognostic factor and provided prognostic information in addition to established molecular markers.
Analysis of the arterial pressure-volume curve in the three-element windkessel model (2002)

A one-step computational procedure is presented for estimating the parameters of the nonlinear three-element windkessel model of the arterial system incorporating a pressure-dependent compliance. Starting from steady-state aortic pressure and flow curves and under generally accepted assumptions, arterial pressure-volume curve, peripheral and characteristic resistances are determined through simple closed-form formulas. The method is applied to both simulated and experimental data and the results are compared with those obtained by an iterative parameter optimization algorithm and possibly with actual values. A major conclusion is that in most cases considered in this study a constant compliance remains an approximation of the compliant element adequate to usual measurement and model errors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular Analysis of Bacterial Cytolysins (1987)

Results of molecular and pathogenic studies of three different bacterial hemolysins (cytolysins) are presented. These exoproteins derive from the two gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila and from the gram-positive pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. The hemolysin of E. coli is determined by an 8-kilobase (kb) region that includes four clustered genes (hlyC, hlyA, hlyB, and hlyD). This hemolysin determinant is part either of large transmissible plasmids or of the chromosome. The genes located chromosomally are found predominantly in E. coli strains that can cause pyelonephritis and/or other extraintestinal infections. A detailed analysis of the chromosomal hyl determinants of one nephropathogenic E. coli strain revealed the existence of specific, large chromosomal insertions 75 kb and 100 kb in size that carry the hly genes but that also influence the expression of other virulence properties, i.e., adhesion and serum resistance. The direct involvement of E. coli hemolysin in virulence could be demonstrated in several model systems. The genetic determinants for hemolysin (cytolysin) formation in A. hydrophila (aerolysin) and L. monocytogenes (listeriolysin) are less complex. Both cytolysins seem to be encoded by single genes, although two loci (aerB and aerC) that affect the expression and activity of aerolysin have been identified distal and proximal to the structural gene for aerolysin (aerA). Cytolysin-negative mutants of both bacteria were obtained by site-specific deletion and/or transposon mutagenesis. These mutants show a drastic reduction in the virulence of the respective bacteria.
Design Optimization of Slotted Liner Completions in Horizontal Wells of Mumbai High Field (2010)

Abstract An efficient and cost-effective completion is very critical in the mature brownfield of Mumbai High. Horizontal and multilateral wells are strategic completions in this oil reservoir because of their high productivity and larger drainage area. This paper deals with design optimization of slotted liner for horizontal wells in Mumbai High field of India. A good horizontal completion must maintain the mechanical integrity of the wellbore without posing a significant flow restriction. In this respect, slotted and perforated liners are cost effective solutions in horizontal wells because they provide uniform reservoir drainage, wellbore stability and control of solid production. A slotted liner completion is preferred, because it results in better solid control and lesser flow convergence. However, the compounded effect of formation heterogeneity and formation damage on pressure loss is severe in these completions. A good design is essential to minimize pressure loss due to flow restrictions and to maintain the long term productivity of well. The major challenge is to have an optimum slot size and geometry that minimizes slot plugging and near wellbore flow convergence losses. A keystone slot design with consideration for convergence loss is arrived to address this problem. The effect of parameters such as slot size and slot density on flow convergence pressure loss was taken into account for design optimization. This paper covers the design, optimization and application of slotted liner completions with an objective to address solid control, completion economics, well productivity and long term well performance.
Bridging a Spinal Cord Defect Using Collagen Filament (2003)

The collagen filaments support the axonal regeneration of the transected spinal cord and the restoration of function.