gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SIP - the Session Initiation Protocol (2001)

Current Internet applications, such as e-mail and Web-browsing, are client/server based and do not require session set-up or control. They work very effectively on best-effort IP networks. In the future, it is envisaged that both fixed and mobile services will be provided by a QoS-enabled all-IP core network. The next generation of peer-to-peer style applications, however, require advanced functionality in terms of: user location by name; media negotiation; and session renegotiation on handover, and the like. This functionality is analogous to call control and intelligent network-based call treatment in the PSTN world, except that it is many times richer and potentially more complex. SIP is an excellent candidate for any peer-to-peer applications capable of communication over IP because it is lightweight, flexible, scalable, extensible and programmable. This chapter has shown how the concept of a SIP proxy server can be used to provide personal mobility and allow complicated 'intelligent' services to be delivered. This has included familiar PSTN services, such as call forwarding, as well as new mobile multimedia services. SIP offers a great opportunity for both network and service providers, such as ISPs, to create carefully tailored services, control the process of session initiation to enable higher quality and more reliable services, and enable the use of chargeable network facilities, such as archivers, media codecs and the like.
High-pressure needle interface for thermoplastic microfluidics (2008)

A robust and low dead volume world-to-chip interface for thermoplastic microfluidics has been developed. The high pressure fluidic port employs a stainless steel needle inserted into a mating hole aligned to an embedded microchannel, with an interference fit used to increase pressure resistance. Alternately, a self-tapping threaded needle screwed into a mating hole is also demonstrated. In both cases, the flat bottom needle ports seat directly against the microchannel substrate, ensuring low interfacial dead volumes. Low dispersion is observed for dye bands passing the interfaces. The needle ports offer sufficient pull-out forces for applications such as liquid chromatography that require high internal fluid pressures, with the epoxy-free interfaces compatible with internal microchannel pressures above 40 MPa.
Glycosylation of Wall Teichoic Acid in Staphylococcus aureus by TarM (2010)

Wall teichoic acid (WTA) glycopolymers are major constituents of cell envelopes in Staphylococcus aureus and related gram-positive bacteria with important roles in cell wall maintenance, susceptibility to antimicrobial molecules, biofilm formation, and host interaction. Most S. aureus strains express polyribitol phosphate WTA substituted with D-alanine and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). WTA sugar modifications are highly variable and have been implicated in bacteriophage susceptibility and immunogenicity, but the pathway and enzymes of staphylococcal WTA glycosylation have remained unknown. Revisiting the structure of S. aureus RN4220 WTA by NMR analysis revealed the presence of canonical polyribitol phosphate WTA bearing only alpha-linked GlcNAc substituents. A RN4220 transposon mutant resistant to WTA-dependent phages was identified and shown to produce altered WTA, which exhibited faster electrophoretic migration and lacked completely the WTA alpha-GlcNAc residues. Disruption of a gene of unknown function, renamed tarM, was responsible for this phenotype. Recombinant TarM was capable of glycosylating WTA in vitro in a UDP-GlcNAc-dependent manner, thereby confirming its WTA GlcNAc-transferase activity. Deletion of the last seven amino acids from the C terminus abolished the activity of TarM. tarM-related genes were found in the genomes of several WTA-producing bacteria, suggesting that TarM-mediated WTA glycosylation is a general pathway in gram-positive bacteria. Our study represents a basis for dissecting the biosynthesis and function of glycosylated WTA in S. aureus and other bacteria.
Pipeline direct digital frequency synthesiser using decomposition method (2001)

A direct digital frequency synthesiser using a new decomposition method without the large sine ROM table is presented. To improve its operating frequency a pipeline structure has been utilised. It has been fabricated in a 0.6 µm single-poly double-metal (SPDM) CMOS process and its core area is 0.95 × 1.1 mm2. The maximum operating frequency is 85 MHz. For a 10 MHz sinusoidal output, the phase noise is –114 dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 10 kHz. The measured SNR is 60.77 dB and worst case spurious is –67.6 dBc. Its power dissipation is 80 mW at 80 MHz under the 5 V supply.
Alterations of atrial Ca2+ handling as cause and consequence of atrial fibrillation (2010)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained arrhythmia. As the most important risk factor for embolic stroke, AF is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Despite decades of research, successful (pharmacological and interventional) 'ablation' of the arrhythmia remains challenging. AF is characterized by a diverse aetiology, including heart failure, hypertension, and valvular disease. Based on this understanding, new treatment strategies that are specifically tailored to the underlying pathophysiology of a certain 'type' of AF are being developed. One important aspect of AF pathophysiology is altered intracellular Ca(2+) handling. Due to the increase in the atrial activation rate and the subsequent initial [Ca(2+)](i) overload, AF induces 'remodelling' of intracellular Ca(2+) handling. Current research focuses on unravelling the contribution of altered intracellular Ca(2+) handling to different types of AF. More specifically, changes in intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis preceding the onset of AF, in conditions which predispose to AF (e.g. heart failure), appear to be different from changes in Ca(2+) handling developing after the onset of AF. Here we review and critique altered intracellular Ca(2+) handling and its contribution to three specific aspects of AF pathophysiology, (i) excitation-transcription coupling and Ca(2+)-dependent signalling pathways, (ii) atrial contractile dysfunction, and (iii) arrhythmogenicity.
Independent prognostic role of circulating chromogranin A in prostate cancer patients with hormone-refractory disease (2005)

The presence of neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in the context of predominantly exocrine prostate cancer may play a key role in androgen-independent tumor growth. The prognostic significance of plasma chromogranin A (CgA) was assessed in a series of consecutive prostate cancer patients with hormone-refractory disease. One hundred and eight patients with newly diagnosed hormone-refractory prostate cancer entered the study. Plasma CgA levels and other biochemical parameters, such as serum prostate specific antigen, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum lactate dehydrogenase, serum albumin and hemoglobin concentration, were measured at baseline (i.e. when hormone refractoriness occurred) and their prognostic role was evaluated together with patient performance status, Gleason score (at diagnosis of prostate cancer) and the presence of visceral metastases. Furthermore, plasma CgA was prospectively evaluated in 50 patients undergoing chemotherapy. At baseline, 45 patients (43.3%) showed elevated CgA values. Plasma CgA negatively correlated with survival, either in univariate analysis (P=0.008) or in multivariate analysis, after adjusting for previously mentioned prognostic parameters (P<0.05). In the patient subset undergoing chemotherapy, median CgA (range) values were 13.3 (3.0-141.0) U/l at baseline, 19.1 (3.0-486.0) U/l after 3 months, 20.8 (3.0-702.0) U/l after 6 months and 39.4 (3.0-414.0) U/l after 9 months (P<0.01). The corresponding supranormal rates were 17/50 (34%), 23/50 (46%), 26/50 (52%) and 34/50 (68%) respectively (P<0.005). Elevated plasma CgA levels are frequently observed in prostate cancer patients with hormone-refractory disease and correlate with poor prognosis. NE differentiation in hormone-refractory patients is a time-dependent phenomenon and is not influenced by conventional antineoplastic treatments.
RADICAL PROCESSES IN LIPIDS. A LASER PHOTOLYSIS STUDY OF <i>t</i>‐BUTOXY RADICAL REACTIVITY TOWARD FATTY ACIDS (1979)

Abstract— Laser photolysis techniques have been used to measure the reactivity of t ‐butoxy radical ( t ‐BuO) toward various fatty acids. Eight compounds varying both in number and in the configuration of olefinic bonds were examined. It has been found that the rate constant for hydrogen abstraction from these compounds by t ‐BuO may be related to the number of secondary, allylic, and doubly allylic hydrogens in each molecule by the equation: k r = [0.072[H sec ] + 0.518[H allylic ] + 2.716[H doubly allylic ] x 10 6 M ‐1 s ‐1 .
P/Q- and N-type calcium-channel antibodies: Oncological, neurological, and serological accompaniments (2016)

Among neuronal VGCC-autoantibody-seropositive patients, autoimmune neurological phenotypes and cancer types are diverse. Cautious interpretation of results (particularly medium and low values) is advised. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 54: 220-227, 2016.
Vascular endothelial growth factor in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma (2009)

The importance of tumor angiogenesis in tumor biology is now widely accepted. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly vascular tumor, and angiogenesis is believed to play a considerable role in its development and progression. The authors reviewed the role of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in screening for HCC and in risk stratification and treatment monitoring. They searched the world medical literature by accessing MEDLINE and PubMed for articles on: 1) the utility of circulating VEGF for HCC screening in patients with cirrhosis; 2) the role of circulating VEGF as a predictor of the invasive potential of HCC; and 3) monitoring anti-HCC treatment effects by serial measurements of circulating VEGF. They found evidence to support a potential role for VEGF in screening and surveillance of HCC. They also found support for developing the use of VEGF in the monitoring of treatment outcomes. Several studies suggested that the circulating VEGF level may be an independent prognostic marker in HCC. Further studies are needed to determine the utility of circulating VEGF in screening of patients with cirrhosis and to determine its potential role as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in patients with HCC. Cancer 2009. (c) 2009 American Cancer Society.
Multiple Sclerosis in Okinawa (2015)

We have found 26 multiple sclerosis patients between Oct. 1974 and July 1, 1981.The prevalence rates for multiple sclerosis in Naha city (population 293,000) and Okinawa prefecture (population 1,073,000) were 2.0 and 1.77 respectively in 1978.The patients consist of 19 females and 7 males. Of these, 15 had “probable” MS and 10 had “possible” MS. One patient was proved “definite” by autopsy.The annual incidence of MS showed no specific year of massive occurrence, but no MS patient was found before 1967.The most striking characteristic of MS in Okinawa was the young age of onset. Fifty-three percent of the patients developed their first neurologic symptoms below the age of 20.Visual impairment was present in 92% of the patients and paraparesis occurred in 50% of the cases. These facts showed that the optic spinal form of MS was most frequent in our series.Although, the prevalence of MS is low in Okinawa, prevalence rate of MS in Naha is about twice that of southern parts of Kyushu, in Mainland Japan. If we take account of the latitude of Okinawa and its subtropical temperature, the prevalence rate of MS in Naha was found to be slightly higher than expected. Food habits, rubella epidemic during 1964 and 1965, and massive stationing of the American troops in Okinawa were three possible exacerbating or environmental factors which might have some relationship with MS in Okinawa.
Evaluation of Optic Disc Measurements with the Glaucoma-Scope (1996)

The inter- and intraobserver reliability and low variation of the Glaucoma-Scope readings indicates moderate to substantial reproducibility for detecting changes in optic disc's topography under selected conditions. However, eyes with moderate cataract, aphakia, pseudophakia, mild corneal opacity, darkly pigmented fundi or myopia were inconsistently analyzable. In a small group of randomly selected eyes there was very low agreement between the glaucoma expert's evaluation of the optic disc and that of the Glaucoma-Scope. These findings raise questions about the usefulness of the instrument as a diagnostic tool for glaucoma but show promise for detecting change when good images are possible.
Novel diagnostics: progress toward a breath test for invasive<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> (2010)

In this paper we will briefly review some of the possible techniques for the development of a breath test for aspergillosis and describe progress made toward validating 2-Pentyl furan (2PF) as a marker of Aspergillus infection. Breath testing to diagnose pulmonary aspergillosis is attractive because of the proximity of the lesion to the sample and the simplicity of obtaining diagnostic specimens. Techniques to detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in breath discussed include the electronic nose, selective ion flow mass spectrometry (SIFT), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). We have used GC/MS to identify Aspergillus-derived VOC's in the head space of cultures. A promising diagnostic marker molecule is 2PF, which was not detectable from cultures of bacterial respiratory pathogens with the possible exception of Streptococcus pneumoniae. 2-Pentylfuran is not known to be produced by mammalian metabolism and was not detectable in the breath of healthy controls, or neutropenic subjects. In contrast, 2PF was found in the breath of patients with lung disease who were colonized or infected with A. fumigatus. Case reports are presented of two severely immune compromised patients with invasive aspergillosis from whom 2PF was detected in multiple breath samples but became undetectable with effective treatment. A well conducted prospective trial is needed to validate the clinical usefulness of this marker for diagnosis and monitoring of invasive aspergillosis. Unanswered questions remaining include how much 2PF, if any, is produced by extensive lung inflammation, and whether food containing high levels of 2PF can cause false positive breath tests either from contamination in the mouth or gastrointestinal absorption and subsequent excretion in the breath.
Tunable, narrow-linewidth and high-power λ/4-shifted DFB laser (1989)

A 1.5μm-range λ/4-shifted DFB laser with a l.2 mm-longcavity and three electrodes has been fabricated. The lasing wavelength can be tuned electrically over a 1.9 nm range, maintaining the linewidth below 900 kHz and a constant output power of 20 mW. The minimum linewidth of 500 kHz is achieved by nonuniform current injection.
401 km, 622 Mbit/s and 357 km, 2.488 Gbit/s IM/DD Repeaterless Transmission Experiments using Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers and Error Correcting Code (1992)

Using erbium-doped fiber postamplifier, remotely pumped amplifier and preamplifier, along with a forward error correcting code scheme, we achieve the longest reported IM/DD repeaterless transmission distances of 401 km at 622 Mbit/s and 357 km at 2.488 Gbit/s.
Synthesis of Double <i>C</i>-Glycoside Analogue of sTn (2005)

A sTn double C-glycoside, sTn analogue 2, was synthesized using samarium chemistry developed in our laboratory. Complications in the oxidation reaction affording aldehyde acceptor were overcome by double protection of amide and the use of a room-temperature ionic liquid as solvent. Studies are underway to conjugate the sTn double C-glycoside hapten 2 to KLH carrier protein for biological evaluation as a vaccine.
Synthesis of porous polystyrene with chemically active surfaces (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of porous polystyrene with chemically active surfacesF. M. Menger and T. TsunoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 18, 6723–6724Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00174a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00174a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design and Realization of the Enhanced Compression Method aimed at the vector map (2008)

This paper discussed several classical algorithms for vector data compression firstly, and put forward an enhanced vector data compressing algorithm, basing on the analyses of the problems caused by applying these algorithms to the vector map. This algorithm integrates the merits of the classical algorithms, thus can tackle the problem of classical compressing algorithms, such as the distortion of the overall direction in James Algorithm, and the terrain distortion in Douglas -Peucker Algorithm and Light Column Algorithm. An evaluation was developed to test the reliability of this algorithm, and MapInfo data was adopted to show the vector map with the precision of 1:10000, from which the 3rd trunk road of Qingshan District in Wuhan was selected for experiment. Result shows that the proposed algorithm has the least difference in the comparison of the total length and average coordinate of the curve, with corresponding data before compression. And, it has the most similarity in its exterior compared to other classical compressing algorithms. Thus this algorithm could be effective in compressing the vector map. And the experimental research results will hopefully serve as useful feedback information for improvements for vector map compressing in personal navigation system.
A Poloxamine–Polylysine Acrylate Scaffold for Modular Tissue Engineering (2011)

A new polymer, poloxamine-polylysine acrylate (PPA), was synthesized for tissue-engineering applications. Polylysine was used to confer endothelial cell attachment properties to the poloxamine-based polymer, while the acrylate groups made it photo-cross-linkable. The PPA polymer was synthesized in three reaction steps. (1) Polylysine was acrylated using N-hydroxysuccinimide acrylic acid ester and the reaction product was characterised by (1)H-NMR. (2) The hydroxyl groups on poloxamine were activated by tresylation with tresyl chloride and the reaction product (tresylated poloxamine) was characterised by ICP-AES for sulphur content. (3) The acrylated polylysine was reacted with the activated poloxamine to obtain the final product, poloxamine-polylysine acrylate. The final product was characterised by CHN elemental analysis. Aqueous solutions containing a mixture of PPA and poloxamine methacrylate were photo-cross-linked by exposure to a 365 nm UV light source in the presence of a photoinitiator to obtain hydrogels. The synthesized PPA polymer enhanced endothelial cell adhesion on poloxamine-based, photo-cross-linked hydrogel scaffolds. The same synthesis methods can be used in the future to introduce other desired functions (through other peptides) into the scaffold biomaterial.
A Review of Medical Treatment for Ménière's Disease (2000)

A review of the literature on drug therapy for Ménière's disease was made using Medline to search for all publications between January 1978 and September 1998. A total of 152 publications were identified that specifically dealt with medical treatment for Ménière's disease. Only betahistine and diuretics appear to have proven efficacy in double-blind studies on the long-term control of vertigo. No treatment has a proven beneficial effect on hearing levels or on the long-term evolution of the disease. Recent publications have proposed a role for the intratympanic use of medication, mainly aminoglycosides, for control of vertigo. We conclude this review by proposing a strategy for the medical treatment of Ménière's disease.
Chitosan microparticles as injectable scaffolds for tissue engineering (2008)

The use of chitosan microparticles as injectable carriers for cell transplantation represents a promising alternative to avoid the drawbacks of the implantation of other forms of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds seeded with cells. In this study, a 3D construct is obtained in vitro by combining chitosan microparticles crosslinked with genipin and goat bone marrow stromal cells (GBMCs). Cell viability and the morphology of GBMCs were evaluated after culture for 7 and 14 days. Our results show the feasibility of chitosan microparticles as potential injectable scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Security analysis of Internet technology components enabling globally distributed workplaces—a framework (2008)

As organizations increasingly operate, compete, and cooperate in a global context, business processes are also becoming global to propagate the benefits from coordination and standardization across geographical boundaries. In this context, security has gained significance due to increased threats, as well as legislation and compliance issues. This article presents a framework for assessing the security of Internet technology components that support a globally distributed workplace. Four distinct information flow and design architectures are identified based on location sensitivities and placements of the infrastructure components. Using a combination of scenarios, architectures, and technologies, the article presents the framework of a development tool for information security officers to evaluate the security posture of an information system. To aid managers in better understanding their options to improve security of the system, we also propose a three-dimensional representation, based on the framework, for embedding solution alternatives. To demonstrate its use in a real-world context, the article also applies the framework to assess a globally distributed workforce application at a northeast financial institution.
Thermal, nonequilibrium phase space for networked computers (2000)

It is shown that networks of computers can be described by concepts of statistical physics. Computers in a network behave like systems coupled to a thermal reservoir. The role of thermal fluctuations is played by computing transactions. A thermal Kubo-Martin-Schwinger condition arises due to the coupling of a computer to a strong periodic source, namely, the daily and weekly usage patterns of the system.
Supramolecular Chiral Transcription and Recognition by Mesoporous Silica Prepared by Chiral Imprinting of a Helical Micelle (2009)

Let's twist again: The chirality of a helical propeller-like micelle has been memorized by functional groups on the mesopore surface of chiral mesoporous silicas. Such imprinted supramolecular chirality can be transcripted to poly(propiolic acid) sodium salt and tetraphenylporphine tetrasulfonic acid (see picture), and recognized by B-DNA.