gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epitaxially Driven Formation of Intricate Supported Gold Nanostructures on a Lattice-Matched Oxide Substrate (2009)

A new class of gold nanostructures has been fabricated on the (100), (111), and (110) surfaces of lattice-matched MgAl(2)O(4) substrates. The nanostructures were fabricated through a synthesis route where a thin gold film dewets, liquefies, and then slowly self-assembles. The supported nanostructures are intricately shaped, crystalline, and epitaxially aligned. Simulations based on a continuum elastic theory indicate that the self-assembly is driven by strained epitaxy and minimization of the surface free energy.
The recognition of human faces by computer (2002)

Included are two main classes, i.e. frontal face and profile in face recognition. This paper describes the former class and represents a method of feature selection based on psychological test conclusions and K-L transformation to remove the correlativity of the original features, and a new discriminant criteria called Distance Fuzzy Diagnosis Maximum 1-NN, which solves the problem of error decision at the second or third place of order-ranked distance list in Minimum Distance Criteria. Through the identification of individual faces of seventy pictures and ten subject's facial image with different facial orientation, the correct accuracy achieves 97.5% and 90% respectively. >
The involvement of microRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases (2013)

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) originate from a loss of neurons in the central nervous system and are severely debilitating. The incidence of NDDs increases with age, and they are expected to become more common due to extended life expectancy. Because no cure is available, these diseases have become a major challenge in neurobiology. The increasing relevance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in biology has prompted investigation into their possible involvement in neurodegeneration in order to identify new therapeutic targets. The idea of using miRNAs as therapeutic targets is not far from realization, but important issues need to be addressed before moving into the clinics. Here, we review what is known about the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of NDDs. We also report the miRNA expression levels in peripheral tissues of patients affected by NDDs in order to evaluate their application as biomarkers of disease. Finally, discrepancies, innovations, and the effectiveness of collected data will be elucidated and discussed.
Dual passband dichroic plate for X-band (1992)

A need arose in the NASA Deep Space Network, a worldwide tracking system, for a dichroic plate that would be transparent at two desired frequency bands in the X-band region and be totally reflective at S-band. The dual-passband dichroic plate that was developed to meet the technical requirements is a thick metallic plate having an array of periodic round holes filled with Teflon plugs. Test results on an experimental prototype plate indicate that it is technically possible to design a dielectrically filled dichroic plate that meets all of these technical requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Alternative feeds for beef cows and stockers (1996) (1996)

Harvested and purchased feeds make up nearly 40 percent of annual production costs in typical cow/calf operations. These costs also have a dramatic impact on cost per unit of gain in stocker operations. Consequently, cattle producers must continually evaluate new methods to make efficient use of available resources while optimizing animal performance and minimizing supplementation costs. Often, when cattle graze marginal to low quality forages, supplemental protein or energy is required to enhance either forage use or animal performance. Depending on the cost of more traditional feedstuffs, alternative feeds often provide an opportunity to reduce the cost of supplementation while maintaining or improving animal performance. This guide provides cow/calf and stocker operators with information on nutrition and other considerations for the use of several alternative feeds available in the Midwest.
Dual-Band Dual Circularly Polarized Antenna Array Using FSS-Integrated Polarization Rotation AMC Ground for Vehicle Satellite Communications (2019)

This paper presents a new dual-band dual circularly polarized (CP) high gain patch antenna array for vehicle satellite communications. The array consists of 16 linearly polarized dual-band elements backed with a new frequency-selective-surface (FSS)-integrated polarization rotation ground. The polarization rotation ground is located underneath the array, which not only acts as a reflector to increase the array boresight gain but also enables the array's dual CP radiation. The electromagnetic (EM) waves reflected by the ground retard either 90° or 270° with respect to the EM waves of the array directly radiated to the upper sphere at two frequency bands, leading to the dual-band dual CP radiation. This is totally different from many of the former counterparts which are based on either the perturbation on the stacked patch or external feeding network. Measured results show the -10-dB impedance bandwidth is from 7.8 to more than 8.5-GHz for X-band and from 14 to 15.3-GHz for Ku-band. The 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth is from 8.15 to 8.35-GHz for the lower band (right-hand CP) and from 14.2 to 14.8-GHz for the higher band (left-hand CP), respectively.
Experimental evaluation of commercial desiccant dehumidifier wheels (1996)

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is currently characterizing the state-of-the-art in desiccant dehumidifiers, the key component of desiccant cooling systems. The data are being obtained in our HVAC Equipment Test Facility in accordance with the proposed ASHRAE test standard. The experimental data will provide industry and end users with independent performance evaluation and the United States Department of Energy and NREL with the information necessary to assess advances in the energy savings potential of the technology. This paper proposes several figures of merit for evaluating performance. The results of these tests indicate that dehumidification capacity performance parameters can be correlated to process inlet air relative humidity.
Effects of TGFβ and BFGF on the differentiation of human bone marrow stromal fibroblasts (1999)

Adipocytes and osteoblasts have common origins from fibroblastic stem cells. Consequently, modulation of the processes of adipogenesis and osteogenesis has implications for the possible treatment of metabolic bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, in which medullary fat accumulates and trabecular bone volume decreases. It is likely that the balance between these two systems is affected by particular endogenous growth factors which are known to affect bone metabolism. We have therefore investigated the effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and dexamethasone (Dex) on cultured human bone marrow (HBM) fibroblastic cells to observe the effects on adipogenesis and osteogenesis. In the absence of fetal calf serum (FCS), TGFbeta caused a dose-dependent increase in cell growth and alkaline phosphatase activity (AP); however, in the presence of FCS growth was inhibited at high concentrations and AP unaffected. TGFbeta increased matrix proteoglycan and collagen synthesis. bFGF inhibited AP and increased colony number and size, while Dex treatment increased AP activity and colony number, and both factors in combination resulted in an additive increase in growth. Dex-induced adipocyte formation was accelerated but not increased by bFGF. A significant inhibition of adipogenesis by TGFbeta was observed within 7 days. These results demonstrate the importance of biological factors known to be involved in bone remodelling in the regulation of osteogenesis and adipogenesis.
Synthesize and Characterization of Hollow Boron‐Nitride Nanocages (2009)

The boron‐nitride (BN) nanocages are synthesized by nitrogenation of amorphous boron nanoparticles at 1073 K under nitrogen and ammonia atmosphere. The BN nanocages exhibit a well‐crystallized feature with nearly pentagonal or spherical shape, depending on their size. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy studies reveal that they are hollow nanocages. The growth mechanism of the BN nanocages is proposed.
Time discrimination techniques using artificial neural networks for positron emission tomography (2005)

Relevant information in positron emission tomography (PET) is currently being obtained mostly by analog signal processing methods. New digital PET scanner architectures are now becoming available, which offer greater flexibility and easier reconfiguration capability as compared to previous PET designs. Moreover, new strategies can be devised to extract more information with better accuracy from the digitized detector signals. Trained artificial neural networks (ANN) have been investigated to improve coincidence timing resolution with different types of APD-based detectors. The signal at the output of a charge sensitive preamplifier was digitized with an off-the-shelf, free-running 100-MHz, 8-bit ADC and time discrimination was performed with ANNs implemented in field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). Results show that ANNs can be particularly efficient with slow and low light output scintillators like BGO (/spl tau/=300 ns), but less so with faster luminous crystals such as LSO (/spl tau/=40 ns). In reference to a fast PMT-plastic detector, a time resolution of 6.5 ns was achieved with a BGO-APD detector, as compare to 12.7 ns with conventional analog methods using a constant fraction discriminator. With LSO, the ANN was found to be competitive with other digital techniques developed in previous works. In conclusion, ANNs implemented in FPGAs provide a fast and flexible circuit that can be easily reconfigured to accommodate various detectors under different signal/noise conditions.
Joint prediction of multiple quantitative traits using a Bayesian multivariate antedependence model (2015)

Predicting organismal phenotypes from genotype data is important for preventive and personalized medicine as well as plant and animal breeding. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for complex traits have discovered a large number of trait- and disease-associated variants, phenotype prediction based on associated variants is usually in low accuracy even for a high-heritability trait because these variants can typically account for a limited fraction of total genetic variance. In comparison with GWAS, the whole-genome prediction (WGP) methods can increase prediction accuracy by making use of a huge number of variants simultaneously. Among various statistical methods for WGP, multiple-trait model and antedependence model show their respective advantages. To take advantage of both strategies within a unified framework, we proposed a novel multivariate antedependence-based method for joint prediction of multiple quantitative traits using a Bayesian algorithm via modeling a linear relationship of effect vector between each pair of adjacent markers. Through both simulation and real-data analyses, our studies demonstrated that the proposed antedependence-based multiple-trait WGP method is more accurate and robust than corresponding traditional counterparts (Bayes A and multi-trait Bayes A) under various scenarios. Our method can be readily extended to deal with missing phenotypes and resequence data with rare variants, offering a feasible way to jointly predict phenotypes for multiple complex traits in human genetic epidemiology as well as plant and livestock breeding.
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase imparts human endothelial cells with extended replicative lifespan and enhanced angiogenic capacity in a high glucose environment (2009)

Endothelial dysfunction is a characteristic of aging-related vascular disease and is worsened during diabetes. High glucose can impair endothelial cell (EC) function through cellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species, an insult that can also limit replicative lifespan. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), also known as PBEF and visfatin, is rate-limiting for NAD+ salvage from nicotinamide and confers resistance to oxidative stress via SIRT1. We therefore sought to determine if Nampt expression could resist the detrimental effects of high glucose and confer a survival advantage to human vascular EC in this pathologic environment. Human aortic EC were infected with retrovirus encoding eGFP or eGFP-Nampt, and FACS-selected to yield populations with similar, modest transgene expression. Using a chronic glucose exposure model we tracked EC populations to senescence, assessed cellular metabolism, and determined in vitro angiogenic function. Overexpression of Nampt increased proliferation and extended replicative lifespan, and did so preferentially during glucose overload. Nampt expression delayed markers of senescence and limited reactive oxygen species accumulation in high glucose through a modest increase in aerobic glycolysis. Furthermore, tube networks formed by Nampt-overexpressing EC were more extensive and glucose-resistant, in accordance with SIRT1-mediated repression of the anti-angiogenic transcription factor, FoxO1. We conclude that Nampt enables proliferating human EC to resist the oxidative stress of aging and of high glucose, and to productively use excess glucose to support replicative longevity and angiogenic activity. Enhancing endothelial Nampt activity may thus be beneficial in scenarios requiring EC-based vascular repair and regeneration during aging and hyperglycemia, such as atherosclerosis and diabetes-related vascular disease.
Design of Boot Loader with Multiple Communication Port (2008)

An embedded system with complex embedded microprocessor inner resources and plentiful peripheral devices cannot work efficiently without the management of operating system. How to develop Boot Loader on the basis of the specific hardware platform is a key point and difficulty without question. The concept and function of embedded operating system booting program-Boot Loader which has multiple communication ports is introduced. In the ARM & DSP dual-core embedded microprocessor system development platform, by loading Linux operating system kernel, the authors expatiate on software designing methods of file downloading via three common communication interfaces (UART, Ethernet0, USB port).
Analysis and Design Method for Particulate Diversion in Carbonate Acidizing (2017)

Abstract In this paper, an integrated analysis and design method is presented to understand and quantify the effect of particle jamming near the entrance of perforation/wormhole tunnel. An advanced wellbore-scale three dimensional numerical studies with a coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element model (DEM) were performed to simulate different mechanisms involved in particulate diversion. The results of wellbore-scale simulation were translated into an engineering particulate diversion model, based on the proven diversion mechanisms from laboratory and simulation. The model is incorporated into an integrated carbonate acidizing simulator. Generally particulate diversion is not used in carbonate acidizing because of the formation of the wormholes and potential difficulty in removing particles from the induced wormholes or perforation tunnel. The new degradable particulate system addresses the issue and presents an efficient approach to divert acid in carbonate stimulation. Detailed physics based simulation demonstrate that the induced wormholes or perforation would plug thru two distinct mechanisms: (1) temporarily seal the entrance of small scale wormholes or perforation with a combination of small and large particles, and/or (2) large particles bridge along tapered path of wormhole/perforation and forms a temporary filter cake on the mouth of opening. Either of these diversion mechanisms will decrease the injectivity locally and promote fluid diversion from inside of well into other normally under-stimulated locations. The integrated simulator is used to optimize acid stimulation of a vertical wellbore and explain the impact of operational parameters and subsurface conditions on the stimulation efficiency. The model results showed that most optimized bullheaded treatment can be significantly improved by utilizing the particulate diversion system. It is shown that that the developed skin from jammed particulate provided considerable diversion. The results also demonstrated the relation between treatment pressure, the quality of diversion, and subsurface conditions (e.g. permeability, porosity, reservoir pressure and temperature).
Multilevel random access memory using one JFET per cell (1975)

A memory cell capable of storing multilevel or analog information and providing random-access operation with nondestructive readout has been studied. It used a single junction field-effect transistor as the storage cell. Experimental and analytical studies suggest that eight or sixteen level operation should be feasible with refresh operations every 0.1 to 1 second; cell area can be under 2 mil <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Proceedings of the 1993 ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Software testing and analysis (1993)

Designing Programs to Check Their Work Professor Manuel Blurn Department of EECS UC Berkeley and International Computer Science Institute Berkeley, California Abstract Students, engineers, programmers... are all expected to check their work. Computer ...
Taxonomy and Description of <i>Vibrio fluvialis</i> sp. nov. (Synonym Group F Vibrios, Group EF6) (1981)

A numerical taxonomic study has been carried out to establish the relationship of group F to other biochemically similar organisms within the family Vibrionaceae. A total of 154 strains were examined including 59 of group F. Out of 114 characters determined for each strain 100 were used to compute average Euclidean distances between strains. Four methods of clustering were used, all of which gave very similar results. Strains resembling Vibrio anguillarum fell into clusters corresponding to V. anguillarum, Beneckea nereida and a previously unrecognized group, phenon 5. Strains of the Aeromonas hydrophila/punctata group formed a heterogenous phenon within which certain subdivisions, perhaps artificial, could be discerned. Group F strains all fell in one closely‐knit cluster distinct from all the species of Vibrio, Aeromonas, Plesiomonas and Photobacteriwn studied. Group F strains could be divided into two biovars, I and II. Both biovars are present in aquatic, particularly estuarine, environments throughout the world but biovar I strains have also been isolated from humans with diarrhoea. It is concluded that group F is a synonym of group EF6 and that the strains within these groups should be classified in a new species named Vibrio fluvialis. The type strain is NCTC 11327.
Abstract 4478: Discovery of AZD5363, an orally bioavailable, potent ATP-competitive inhibitor of AKT kinases (2011)

Abstract AKT is a key node in the most frequently de-regulated signaling pathway in human cancer and has been shown to mediate resistance to a range of cytotoxic, anti-hormonal and targeted therapies. We decided to explore inhibitors of AKT as potential new anti-cancer therapeutics. Here we disclose for the first time the discovery and structure of AZD5363, an orally bioavailable, potent ATP-competitive inhibitor of AKT. We evaluated a range of chemical starting points arising from our previous collaboration with the Institute of Cancer Research and Astex Therapeutics Ltd. Ultimately AZD5363 was discovered following a long journey that started from a pyrrolopyrimidine series of compounds. Our first challenge was to improve potency and a second challenge was to improve ROCK selectivity. ROCK is an AGC kinase like AKT but is involved in regulation of vascular tone and thus blood pressure. Extensive SAR studies exploring the series revealed that achieving selectivity over ROCK while retaining AKT potency was quite challenging. Eventually we discovered ways which could improve both selectivity and potency. However, these compounds had significant activity against the hERG ion channel which is implicated in the development of Torsades de Pointes and cardiac death. The next phase of work therefore had to focus on reducing hERG activity, while at the same time not adversely impacting either AKT potency or ROCK selectivity. Finally we discovered that introduction of a key substituent group provided a compound that achieved reduced hERG potency and, surprisingly, also achieved a further small improvement in both AKT potency and ROCK selectivity. This compound was AZD5363. A crystal structure of AZD5363 bound to AKT has revealed some of the key interactions that may contribute to its potency. For example, the pyrrolopyrimidine appears to form hydrogen bonds to the hinge region of the kinase. AZD5363 inhibits all known AKT isoforms with a potency of &lt;10 nM and inhibits phosphorylation of the AKT substrate, PRAS40 in BT474c cells with a potency of 0.31 μM. Activity in in vivo pharmacodynamic and xenograft models has also been demonstrated. A synthetic route suitable for scale-up has been developed. In conclusion, AZD5363 is a potent inhibitor of AKT in vitro and in cells. It has good hERG and ROCK selectivity. It has pharmacodynamic and xenograft activity in vivo. AZD5363 has potential in cancer therapy and is currently in phase 1 clinical trials. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4478. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4478
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of Polymorphism in Aspartame and Neotame Using Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The advent of a new generation of monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants: pharmacologic studies with moclobemide and brofaromine. (1993)

Severe side effects such as hepatotoxicity and potentiation of the sympathomimetic action of tyramine ("the cheese effect") caused the withdrawal of nonselective irreversible monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors from use in psychiatric therapy. The development of selective irreversible inhibitors for MAO type A did not eliminate cardiovascular side effects such as "the cheese effect" or, conversely, the hypotensive effect of these drugs. To overcome at least "the cheese effect," selective reversible MAO-A inhibitor antidepressants such as moclobemide and brofaromine have been developed. Being reversibly bound to MAO, these drugs may be displaced from their binding site in the intestine by ingested, indirectly sympathomimetic amines such as tyramine, thus avoiding the initiation of the hypertensive crises. Using a rat renal nerve preparation, we have demonstrated that acute administration of either moclobemide or brofaromine (10 mg/kg) does not cause a decrease in blood pressure or a significant reduction in sympathetic renal nerve activity. These data contrast with those obtained with clorgyline or desipramine. The results indicate that moclobemide and brofaromine may be devoid of a hypotensive effect, including orthostatic hypotension.