gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Conductivity of Freestanding Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Sheet by Raman Spectroscopy (2014)

Thermal properties of single wall carbon nanotube sheets (SWCNT-sheets) are of significant importance in the area of thermal management, as an isolated SWCNT possesses high thermal conductivity of the value about 3000 W m(-1) K(-1). Here we report an indirect method of estimating the thermal conductivity of a nanometer thick suspended SWCNT-sheet by employing the Raman scattering technique. Tube diameter size is examined by the transmissions electron microscopy study. The Raman analysis of the radial breathing modes predicts narrow diameter size distribution with achiral (armchair) symmetry of the constituent SWCNTs. From the first order temperature coefficient of the A1g mode of the G band along with the laser power dependent frequency shifting of this mode, the thermal conductivity of the suspended SWCNT-sheet is estimated to be about ∼18.3 W m(-1) K(-1). Our theoretical study shows that the thermal conductivity of the SWCNT-sheet has contributions simultaneously from the intratube and intertube thermal transport. The intertube thermal conductivity (with contributions from the van der Waals interaction) is merely around 0.7 W m(-1) K(-1), which is three orders smaller than the intratube thermal conductivity, leading to an abrupt decrease in the thermal conductivity of the SWCNT-sheet as compared to the reported value for isolated SWCNT.
Implantation of PHEMA Keratoprostheses After Alkali Burns in Rabbit Eyes (1998)

TN-C protein was found in PBK/ABK but not in normal corneas; however, both normal and diseased corneas contained mRNA for 15 different TN-C isoforms. PBK/ABK corneas had elevated levels of six relatively small TN-C mRNA variants including five novel ones. These specific isoforms may adversely affect adhesion and migration of corneal cells thus contributing to the exacerbation of PBK/ABK.
ELIXYS - a fully automated, three-reactor high-pressure radiosynthesizer for development and routine production of diverse PET tracers (2013)

The ELIXYS automated radiosynthesizer is capable of performing radiosyntheses requiring demanding conditions: up to three reaction vessels, high temperatures, high pressures, and sensitive reagents. Such flexibility facilitates tracer development and the ability to synthesize multiple tracers on the same system without customization or replumbing. The disposable cassette approach simplifies the transition from development to production.
Enzymes in organic synthesis. Expedient enantioselective synthesis of (<i>S</i>)‐(−)‐3,4‐dihydroxybutylphosphonate, an isosteric substrate mimic for glycerol phosphate oxidase (1995)

Abstract The title compound ( S )‐(−) ‐2 was obtained in enantiomerically pure form and 47% overall yield starting from ( S )‐malic acid ( S )‐ 7 by a 5‐step sequence involving reduction to ( S )‐1,2,4‐butanetriol ( S )‐ 8 , acetalization, and introduction of the phosphonate group by an Arbusow reaction. Compound ( S )‐(−)‐ 2 is a substrate for the L‐glycerol 3‐phosphate oxidase from Pediococcus sp. which quantitatively converts it into 4‐hydroxy‐3‐oxobutylphosphonate 4 , an isosteric analog of dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Kinetic constants of the latter reaction were determined.
On routability prediction for field-programmable gate arrays (1993)

Efficient utilization of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) depends on the ability to determine whether designs will exceed the logic or routing capacities of the devices. Here, we focus on the problem of assessing the routability of designs for FPGAs before place-and-rpute. Specifically, we identify the relevant wmeabilit y t heorles, modify and adapt the theories for FPGAs, and conduct experiments to validate the theories.
Degradation and O-methylation of chlorinated phenolic compounds by Rhodococcus and Mycobacterium strains (1988)

Three polychlorophenol-degrading Rhodococcus and Mycobacterium strains were isolated independently from soil contaminated with chlorophenol wood preservative and from sludge of a wastewater treatment facility of a kraft pulp bleaching plant. Rhodococcus sp. strain CG-1 and Mycobacterium sp. strain CG-2, isolated from tetrachloroguaiacol enrichment, and Rhodococcus sp. strain CP-2, isolated from pentachlorophenol enrichment, mineralized pentachlorophenol and degraded several other polychlorinated phenols, guaiacols (2-methoxyphenols), and syringols (2,6-dimethoxyphenols) at micromolar concentrations and were sensitive to the toxic effects of pentachlorophenol. All three strains initiated degradation of the chlorophenols by para-hydroxylation, producing chlorinated para-hydroquinones, which were then further degraded. Parallel to degradation, strains CG-1, CG-2, and CP-2 also O-methylated nearly all chlorinated phenols, guaiacols, syringols, and hydroquinones. O-methylation of chlorophenols was a slow reaction compared with degradation. The preferred substrates of the O-methylating enzyme(s) were those with the hydroxyl group flanked by two chlorine substituents. O-methylation was constitutively expressed, whereas degradation of chlorinated phenolic compounds was inducible.
Photosensing wireless tags for geometric procedures (2005)

Interacting with a self-describing, self-locating world sprinkled with RFIG tags, physical objects come alive through augmented reality labels and context-sensitive annotation.
Inclusion of Thiamine Diphosphate and<i>S</i>-Adenosylmethionine at Their Chemically Active Sites (2005)

[structure: see text] Molecular clips functionalized by phosphonate or phosphate groups bind thiamine diphosphate (TPP) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) with high affinity in water; both sulfur-based cofactors transfer organic groups to biomolecules. For TPP, various analytical tools point toward a simultaneous insertion of both heterocyclic rings into the electron-rich clip cavity. Similarly, SAM is also embedded with its sulfonium moiety inside the receptor cavity. This paves the way for enzyme models and direct interference with enzymatic processes.
Circulating Oxidized LDL Is a Useful Marker for Identifying Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (2001)

Our aim was to determine the usefulness of circulating oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the identification of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 304 subjects were studied: 178 patients with angiographically proven CAD and 126 age-matched subjects without clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease. The Global Risk Assessment Score (GRAS) was calculated on the basis of age, total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. Levels of circulating oxidized LDL were measured in a monoclonal antibody 4E6-based competition ELISA. Compared with control subjects, CAD patients had higher levels of circulating oxidized LDL (P<0.001) and a higher GRAS (P<0.001). The sensitivity for CAD was 76% for circulating oxidized LDL (55% for men and 81% for women) compared with 20% (24% for men and 12% for women) for GRAS, with a specificity of 90%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the predictive value of oxidized LDL was additive to that of GRAS (P<0.001). Ninety-four percent of the subjects with high (exceeding the 90th percentile of distribution in control subjects) circulating oxidized LDL and high GRAS had CAD (94% of the men and 100% of the women). Thus, circulating oxidized LDL is a sensitive marker of CAD. Addition of oxidized LDL to the established risk factors may improve cardiovascular risk prediction.
Stabilization of Unstable Procedures: The Recursive Projection Method (1993)

Fixed-point iterative procedures for solving nonlinear parameter dependent problems can converge for some interval of parameter values and diverge as the parameter changes. The Recursive Projection Method (RPM), which stabilizes such procedures by computing a projection onto the unstable subspace is presented. On this subspace a Newton or special Newton iteration is performed, and the fixed-point iteration is used on the complement. As continuation in the parameter proceeds, the projection is efficiently updated, possibly increasing or decreasing the dimension of the unstable subspace. The method is extremely effective when the dimension of the unstable subspace is small compared to the dimension of the system. Convergence proofs are given and pseudo-arclength continuation on the unstable subspace is introduced to allow continuation past folds. Examples are presented for an important application of the RPM in which a “black-box” time integration scheme is stabilized, enabling it to compute unstable steady states. The RPM can also be used to accelerate iterative procedures when slow convergence is due to a few slowly decaying modes.
The compositional adjustment of amino acid substitution matrices (2003)

Amino acid substitution matrices are central to protein-comparison methods. In most commonly used matrices, the substitution scores take a log-odds form, involving the ratio of "target" to "background" frequencies derived from large, carefully curated sets of protein alignments. However, such matrices often are used to compare protein sequences with amino acid compositions that differ markedly from the background frequencies used for the construction of the matrices. Of course, the target frequencies should be adjusted in such cases, but the lack of an appropriate way to do this has been a long-standing problem. This article shows that if one demands consistency between target and background frequencies, then a log-odds substitution matrix implies a unique set of target and background frequencies as well as a unique scale. Standard substitution matrices therefore are truly appropriate only for the comparison of proteins with standard amino acid composition. Accordingly, we present and evaluate a rationale for transforming the target frequencies implicit in a standard matrix to frequencies appropriate for a nonstandard context. This rationale yields asymmetric matrices for the comparison of proteins with divergent compositions. Earlier approaches are unable to deal with this case in a fully consistent manner. Composition-specific substitution matrix adjustment is shown to be of utility for comparing compositionally biased proteins, including those of organisms with nucleotide-biased, and therefore codon-biased, genomes or isochores.
Short-channel amorphous-silicon thin-film transistors (1996)

Amorphous-silicon thin film transistors (TFTs) with submicrometer-long bottom-gate have been fabricated and their characteristics were evaluated. By the desirable effects of highly conductive source and drain of excimer-laser crystallized Si film, the mobility was hardly decreased from about 1.0 cm/sup 2//Vs for the 15-/spl mu/m long TFT to about 0.9 cm/sup 2//Vs for the 0.5-/spl mu/m long TFT. Detailed effects of the gate electrode thickness and length have been discussed on the TFT characteristics.
Relationship between Differential Hepatic microRNA Expression and Decreased Hepatic Cytochrome P450 3A Activity in Cirrhosis (2013)

The strong association between certain miRNAs, notably miR-155, and lower hepatic CYP3A activity suggest that altered miRNA expression may regulate hepatic CYP3A activity.
Semantic Translation of Simulink/Stateflow Models to Hybrid Automata Using Graph Transformations (2004)

Embedded systems are often modeled using Matlab's Simulink and Stateflow (MSS), to simulate plant and controller behavior but these models lack support for formal verification. On the other hand verification techniques and tools do exist for models based on the notion of Hybrid Automata (HA) but there are no tools that can convert Simulink/Stateflow models into their semantically equivalent Hybrid Automata models. This paper describes a translation algorithm that converts a well-defined subset of the MSS modeling language into an equivalent hybrid automata. The translation has been specified and implemented using a metamodel-based graph transformation tool. The translation process allows semantic interoperability between the industry-standard MSS tools and the new verification tools developed in the research community.
Predicting nodal metastases in breast cancer by lymphoscintigraphy. (1983)

In a prospective trial, 89 women with breast lumps underwent bilateral axillary and internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy preoperatively, using technetium-99m antimony sulfide colloid. All scans were interpreted blindly by three separate observers. Breast biopsy was then performed; if the biopsy specimen showed malignant tumour, definitive therapy was performed with axillary dissection. The interpretation of the axillary and internal mammary lymphoscintigrams was subsequently compared with the histologic assessment of the axillary nodes. Of the 89 women, 54 had benign disease and 35 had cancer. The internal mammary lymphoscintigram was considered to show abnormality in only 1 of the 54 patients with benign disease. One patient with cancer was eliminated from the review. Sixteen of the remaining 34 patients had axillary node metastases. Of these, 8 had an abnormal internal mammary lymphoscintigram. Only 2 of the 18 patients with cancer but no axillary metastases had an abnormal internal mammary lymphoscintigram. One bilateral axillary lymphoscintigram in the 54 patients with benign disease was discarded for technical reasons. The axillary lymphoscintigram was accurate in 52 of the remaining 53 patients. Two such scintigrams in the 35 patients with breast cancer were discarded for technical reasons. The axillary lymphoscintigram indicated abnormalities in 12 of 16 patients with axillary nodal metastases but appeared normal in 13 of 17 patients without axillary metastases. Lymphoscintigraphy may play a valuable role in the staging of breast cancer in the future.
A Friction-Reducing Shaft Surface for Use With Standard Radial Sharp Lip Oil Seals (1981)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In the use of radial lip-type oil seals to seal against a rotating shaft, the surface characteristics of the shaft are important to the sealing and to the resultant seal/shaft friction. A plunge ground shaft surface with no lead has long been the recommended mating surface for a radial lip-type oil seal. Recently, however, a peened surface was studied which will reduce frictional torques a maximum of 50%, 60%, and 70% below that of one utilizing a plunge ground shaft surface for silicone, nitrile and polyacrylate seal materials, respectively. Seal performance from a leakage standpoint for standard sharp lip seals exceeds that of the plunge ground surface. However, the preliminary results indicate that the surface is not suitable with hydrodynamic shaft seals. Some insight into elastomeric friction was obtained from the tests. Surface characteristics which were shown to be important from a friction standpoint were asperity spacing (roughness width), asperity radius of curvature and asperity angle. The process was also shown to eliminate grinding lead on the shaft.</div>
Multi-group message communication on android smartphones via WiFi direct (2017)

The number and capability of smartphones and its users have skyrocketed, enabling a multitude of technologies and applications to house themselves over these devices. To that end, portable devices such as smartphones can serve scenarios that require the setup of a fast and temporary communications network on the fly, regardless of their locality, which is a perfect use-case for technologies such as Wi-Fi Direct, Bluetooth, etc. With the introduction of Wi-Fi Direct, or Wi-Fi Peer-to-Peer, into the Android platform, Android smartphones can connect to and exchange content over a fast and reliable wireless connection. The objective of this paper is to exploit the group formation capabilities of Wi-Fi P2P to exchange information between multiple groups with no modifications being introduced to the base class files. This supports the creation and use of a network that mimics a multi-hop like network structure, enabling users to transfer information across multiple smartphones running on the Android operating system.
A statistical resolution theory of the beamformer-based spatial spectrum for determining the directions of signals in white noise (1995)

Due to its simplicity and ease of implementation, the beamformer-based spatial spectrum (BSS) is widely used in practice to determine the angles of arrival of signals in white noise in array processing. As the most important performance to this application, the resolution capability of the BSS is roughly assessed by a deterministic measure, borrowed from optics, which takes into account only the influence of the effective aperture of the linear array of sensors. For a linear array operating in a stochastic environment, resolving two incoming signals is essentially a random event, thereby demanding a probabilistic resolution measure. In the paper, the probabilistic performance of the BSS in resolving two incoming signals is studied. The author derives a simple expression, in a closed form, for its failure probability in distinguishing the two signals. The results reveal the way various parameters of signals, noise, and array of sensors affect the resolution performance. Computer simulations are also presented to confirm the validity of the theory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new method for the synthesis of O-glycosides from S-glycosides (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new method for the synthesis of O-glycosides from S-glycosidesVince Pozsgay and Harold J. JenningsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 20, 4635–4637Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00229a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00229a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views410Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The problem of measurement error in multisite clinical trials. (1998)

The implementation of a multisite, randomized, clinical psychopharmacologic trial involves a substantial investment of time and effort on the part of all participants. Because of their complexity, such clinical trials present unique methodological and design challenges. Indeed, it is not uncommon for such studies to conclude with uninterpretable results, due in part to such methodological pitfalls. It has been suggested that clarification of such methodologic dilemmas is one of the most important challenges facing the future of industry-sponsored psychopharmacologic drug development. Among the many factors that may contribute to problematic clinical trial results, error in measuring the phenomena being studied is of particular concern. In this article, we describe the outcome of an intensive series of interrater reliability training sessions for the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale conducted at the start of a Phase II multisite clinical drug trial. The data underscore the magnitude of error present in such a test setting and provide preliminary evidence for the potential effect of this problem on the detection of clinical change.
Endothelial Lipase Activity Predicts High-Density Lipoprotein Catabolism in Hemodialysis (2012)

Our results support the hypothesis that EL is the predominant enzyme responsible for lipolytic catabolism of HDLs in hemodialyzed patients and resolve the apparent paradox observed between low hepatic lipase activity and decreased HDL-cholesterol levels observed in these patients. In addition, the ability to assess total hepatic lipase and EL phospholipase activity in plasma will increase our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in controlling HDL levels and cardiovascular risk in hemodialyzed patients, as well as other populations with low levels of HDL-cholesterol.
Production, Distribution, and Kinetic Properties of Inulinase in Continuous Cultures of <i>Kluyveromyces marxianus</i> CBS 6556 (1988)

From a screening of several Kluyveromyces strains, the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS 6556 was selected for a study of the parameters relevant to the commercial production of inulinase (EC 3.2.1.7). This yeast exhibited superior properties with respect to growth at elevated temperatures (40 to 45 degrees C), substrate specificity, and inulinase production. In sucrose-limited chemostat cultures growing on mineral medium, the amount of enzyme decreased from 52 U mg of cell dry weight at D = 0.1 h to 2 U mg of cell dry weight at D = 0.8 h. Experiments with nitrogen-limited cultures further confirmed that synthesis of the enzyme is negatively controlled by the residual sugar concentration in the culture. High enzyme activities were observed during growth on nonsugar substrates, indicating that synthesis of the enzyme is a result of a derepression/repression mechanism. A substantial part of the inulinase produced by K. marxianus was associated with the cell wall. The enzyme could be released from the cell wall via a simple chemical treatment of cells. Results are presented on the effect of cultivation conditions on the distribution of the enzyme. Inulinase was active with sucrose, raffinose, stachyose, and inulin as substrates and exhibited an S/I ratio (relative activities with sucrose and inulin) of 15 under standard assay conditions. The enzyme activity decreased with increasing chain length of the substrate.
The Isomerization Equilibrium between Cis and Trans Chloride Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts from Quantum Mechanics Calculations (2005)

The cis-trans chloride isomerization of a ruthenium olefin metathesis catalyst is studied using quantum mechanics (B3LYP DFT), including the Poisson-Boltzmann (PBF) continuum approximation. The predicted geometries agree with experiment. The energies in methylene chloride, lead to DeltaG = -0.70 kcal/mol and a cis:trans ratio of 76:24, quite close to the experimental value of DeltaG = -0.78 kcal/mol or c:t 78:22. In contrast, we predict that in benzene c:t = 4:96 in agreement with the experimental observation of only the trans isomer. Our calculated relative activation energies explain the observed difference in initiation rates and suggest that each isomer should be isolable in high ratio by simply changing solvent.