gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toll-like Receptor-2 Is Essential for the Development of Palmitate-induced Insulin Resistance in Myotubes (2006)

Fatty acids can activate proinflammatory pathways leading to the development of insulin resistance, but the mechanism is undiscovered. Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognizes lipids, activates proinflammatory pathways, and is genetically associated with inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to examine the role of TLR2 in palmitate-induced insulin resistance in C2C12 myotubes. Treatment with palmitate rapidly induced the association of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) with the TLR2 receptor, activated the stress-linked kinases p38, JNK, and protein kinase C, induced degradation of IkappaBalpha, and increased NF-kappaB DNA binding. The activation of these pathways by palmitate was sensitive and temporally regulated and occurred within the upper physiologic range of saturated fatty acid concentrations in vivo, suggesting a receptor-mediated event and not simple lipotoxicity. When compared with an equimolar concentration of palmitate, fibroblast-stimulating lipopeptide-1, a known TLR2 ligand, was a slightly more potent activator of signal transduction and interleukin (IL)-6 production. Palmitate inhibited insulin signal transduction in C2C12 cells beginning 1-2 h after exposure and reached a maximum at 12-16 h. An antagonist TLR2 antibody, mAb 2.5, led to a 50-60% decrease in palmitate-induced IL-6 production and partially restored insulin signal transduction, whereas an isotype-matched control antibody had no effect. RNA interference-mediated inhibition of TLR2 and MyD88 expression in C2C12 muscle cells resulted in a near complete inhibition of palmitate-induced insulin resistance and IL-6 production. This study provides strong evidence that TLR2 mediates the initial events of fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in muscle.
PES Meetings (2001)

This letter has presented an overview of activities to date with respect to the development and demonstration of anomaly detection functions, which analyze key parameters from an industrial gas turbine during its starting sequence. The software modules have been shown to be able to successfully detect anomalies in the start sequences. The software has been developed using a combination of simulated and actual plant performance data and is currently in the process of being implemented in the field. In the longer term, as the level of operational experience and knowledge grows, the anomaly detection functions can be augmented to include prognostic and diagnostic functionality. This will permit not only the detection of anomalous behavior but also the provision of information to plant operators as to the suspected cause of the anomaly.
Determination of bioactive peptides using capillary zone electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (1991)

Mixtures of bioactive peptides have been analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis/mass spectrometry (CZE/MS) using an on-line coaxial continuous-flow fast atom bombardment interface. High separation efficiencies (up to 410,000 theoretical plates) were obtained from low femtomole levels of peptides. The analysis of basic peptides was accomplished by using aminopropyl-silylated CZE columns to minimize zone broadening due to adsorption effects. CZE/MS/MS data were acquired from femtomole levels of peptides in electrophoretic real time.
<i>IDH1</i> and <i>IDH2</i> Gene Mutations Identify Novel Molecular Subsets Within De Novo Cytogenetically Normal Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study (2010)

PURPOSE To analyze the frequency and associations with prognostic markers and outcome of mutations in IDH genes encoding isocitrate dehydrogenases in adult de novo cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML). PATIENTS AND METHODS Diagnostic bone marrow or blood samples from 358 patients were analyzed for IDH1 and IDH2 mutations by DNA polymerase chain reaction amplification/sequencing. FLT3, NPM1, CEBPA, WT1, and MLL mutational analyses and gene- and microRNA-expression profiling were performed centrally. Results IDH mutations were found in 33% of the patients. IDH1 mutations were detected in 49 patients (14%; 47 with R132). IDH2 mutations, previously unreported in AML, were detected in 69 patients (19%; 13 with R172 and 56 with R140). R172 IDH2 mutations were mutually exclusive with all other prognostic mutations analyzed. Younger age (< 60 years), molecular low-risk (NPM1-mutated/FLT3-internal tandem duplication-negative) IDH1-mutated patients had shorter disease-free survival than molecular low-risk IDH1/IDH2-wild-type (wt) patients (P = .046). R172 IDH2-mutated patients had lower complete remission rates than IDH1/IDH2wt patients (P = .007). Distinctive microarray gene- and microRNA-expression profiles accurately predicted R172 IDH2 mutations. The highest expressed gene and microRNAs in R172 IDH2-mutated patients compared with the IDH1/IDH2wt patients were APP (previously associated with complex karyotype AML) and miR-1 and miR-133 (involved in embryonal stem-cell differentiation), respectively. CONCLUSION IDH1 and IDH2 mutations are recurrent in CN-AML and have an unfavorable impact on outcome. The R172 IDH2 mutations, previously unreported in AML, characterize a novel subset of CN-AML patients lacking other prognostic mutations and associate with unique gene- and microRNA-expression profiles that may lead to the discovery of novel, therapeutically targetable leukemogenic mechanisms.
Lipoprotein and receptor interactions in vivo (1995)

A substantial number of animal models aimed at the genetic dissection of lipid metabolism have been generated recently. Transgenic and knockout mice, in which the receptors or apolipoproteins are overexpressed or destroyed, combined with virus-mediated gene transfer in vivo have advanced our understanding of the complex physiological and pathophysiological processes involved in lipid metabolism, including hepatic lipoprotein uptake and the formation of atherosclerotic lesions.
Short‐ and long‐term outcome for living pancreas donors (2009)

The advantages of living donor pancreas transplants for the recipient include good HLA matching, lower immunologic risk, less immunosuppression, lower risk of infection and of posttransplant malignancies, and shorter pancreas graft preservation time. In 2008, a total of 155 segmental pancreas transplants using living donors were reported to the International Pancreas Transplant Registry from six countries. Pancreas living donors need to undergo a thorough pretransplant endocrinologic workup in order to minimize the risk of metabolic complications. The pretransplant workup has evolved over time, after initial reports showed that up to 25% of living donors had elevated hemoglobin A(1c) levels after donation. Avoiding obesity after donation diminishes the risk of long-term metabolic complications. The risk of surgical complications for the donor (such as pancreatitis, pancreatic leak or fistula, pancreatic abscess, and pancreatic pseudocyst) is less than 5%. If both the donor and recipient operations are technically successful, the long-term graft survival rate is significantly higher for living (versus deceased) donor pancreas transplant recipients. Future long-term studies of metabolic function in living donors are warranted to determine whether living donor pancreas transplants can safely be applied more widely and whether living donors can be used for islet transplants.
A stochastic programming approach for multi-site aggregate production planning (2005)

Production planning problems play a vital role in the supply chain management area, by which decision makers can determine the production loading plan—consisting of the quantity of production and the workforce level at each production plant—to fulfil market demand. This paper addresses the production planning problem with additional constraints, such as production plant preference selection. To deal with the uncertain demand data, a stochastic programming approach is proposed to determine optimal medium-term production loading plans under an uncertain environment. A set of data from a multinational lingerie company in Hong Kong is used to demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed model. An analysis of the probability distribution of economic demand assumptions is performed. The impact of unit shortage costs on the total cost is also analysed.
The interaction between level of protein and the response to specific nutrients in high silage diets (1989)

Previous studies have indicated that supplements to high quality grass silage based on molasses and sodium bicarbonate can enhance microbial efficiency and milk output. However these experiments showed that there was still a need to include preformed protein in the supplement to maximise the response. Also, work at this Institute (M. Gill, unpublished data) had indicated marked responses to branched chain volatile fatty acids (vfa) in high forage diets, but only in the presence of protein supplements. The aims of the experiment were to firstly examine whether preformed proteins in high forage diets could be replaced by either protected or unprotected amino acids (methionine and lysine) in dairy cow diets and secondly, to investigate the interaction between branched chain acids and the supply of protein. Eighty British Friesian cows in their second and subsequent lactation were offered grass silage ad libitum together with 4 kg of molasses and sodium bicarbonate (Alkacarb, ICI plc) at 30 g/kg silage dry matter (DM). They were given a protein supplement consisting of soyabean meal and fishmeal in a 3:1 ratio at either 2 (L) or 3.2 kg/day (H).
Inclusive yet Selective: Supervised Distributional Hypernymy Detection (2014)

We test the Distributional Inclusion Hypothesis, which states that hypernyms tend to occur in a superset of contexts in which their hyponyms are found. We find that this hypothesis only holds when it is applied to relevant dimensions. We propose a robust supervised approach that achieves accuracies of.84 and.85 on two existing datasets and that can be interpreted as selecting the dimensions that are relevant for distributional inclusion. 1
A Conflict Resolution Control Architecture For Self- Adaptive Software (2002)

An essential feature of dependable software is its adaptive capability to respond to changes that occur in its operating environment through the dynamic transformation and reconfiguration of its components and/or services. Such adaptive capability is often a design aspect derived from the software architecture model, which describes the software components and their interactions, the properties and policies that regulate the composition of the components and norms that limit the allowable systems adaptation operations. Research in reflective middleware architectures and policybased distributed systems management has focused on the use of managerial or meta-level protocols to attain reactive adaptive behaviour. However, reflective and policy-based management approaches alone cannot address all of the needs of self-adaptive software due to their inability to maintain a faithful rantime model of the system. This paper considers the development of control architecture for selfadaptive software, which combines conflict resolution and control strategies to resolve rantime conflicts. In particular, the paper describes a prototype service-based architecture, implemented using Java and Jini technologies, which provides rantime monitoring and conflict resolution to support software self-adaptation.
Lung Cancer Biomarkers: Present Status and Future Developments (2013)

The publication of the "Molecular Testing Guideline for Selection of Lung Cancer Patients for EGFR and ALK Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, and Association for Molecular Pathology" has now provided a guideline for biomarker testing for first-generation lung cancer tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Biomarker testing has forever altered the role of pathologists in the management of patients with lung cancer. Current, unresolved issues in the precision medicine of lung cancer will be addressed by the development of new biomarker tests, new drugs, and new test technologies and by improvement in the cost to benefit ratio of biomarker testing.
DIY World Builder: An immersive level-editing system (2013)

This paper presents an immersive system for building virtual worlds from within the worlds themselves. The system incorporates solutions for editing and texturing terrain, adding foliage, water, structures, and text, adding and controlling lights, including the time of day, and texturing objects in the scene. In a tracked head-mounted display environment, the user controls movement using a hybrid solution combining real walking and pointing-directed flying, and selects and manipulates objects using a hybrid wand and forearm-mounted interaction tablet interface. The user receives immersive cues such as wind from fans mounted around the physical space and audio from headphones. Feedback through a vibrotactile belt and a novel passive floor technique are used to indicate to the user when she is approaching the edge of the tracked space. Preliminary user testing showed positive user experience and suggestions for future improvements.
Isothiazole chemistry. VI. Reactions of carbanions with N-Ethyl-3-isothiazolone (1969)

N-Ethyl-3-isothiazolone undergoes cleavage of the S-N bond when subjected to nucleophilic attack by carbanions, yielding a series of cis-3-alkylmercapto-acrylamides. Under basic conditions the reaction is shown to be reversible, the stability of the product being apparently dependent upon the degree of substitution at the carbanion site. Resonance-stabilized carbanions derived from primary carbon acids E-CH3 (E = electrophile) react with two moles of the isothiazolone to give E- CH(S-CH=CH-CONHEt)2 as well as E-CH2-S-CH=CH-CONHEt, whereas those derived from secondary carbon acids (E-CH2R) give only the product E- CHR-S-CH=CH=CONHEt. When carbanions from tertiary carbon acids E-CHR2 are employed, no stable product incorporating the carbon acid is obtained; a competing side reaction of the base on N-ethyl-3-isothiazolone itself results in the formation of a dimer (C5H7ONS)2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; It is proposed that the formation and subsequent stability of the products of carbanion attack depend upon their ability to form a carbanion adjacent to the sulphur atom, and that, in the absence of such a carbanion site, reversion to starting materials will be brought about by bases. Factors relevant to this are discussed.
Analysis on signaling pathway network of proliferation of neural stem cells (2014)

Neural stem cells in brains have capacities of proliferation and differentiation, which is very critical to rebuild the cerebral cortex functions. Therefore, it is of great importance to find key targets and network pathways that regulate the proliferation of neural stem cells, which is also a pressing problem in the medical circle. With the Notch pathway as the core of the network, this paper summarized the advance of the bimolecular network system composed of Wnt, Shh, EGFR, cytokines and Notch signal, and analyzed such key nodes as Notch receptor, CBF1, NICD, Hesl, which may become potential targets of new-type drugs in the future. With the multi-component, multi-target, multi-lever characteristics, traditional Chinese medicines have many common grounds with the network pharmacology. The active component groups or active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicines are one of the material bases for showing their network pharmacological effect, which is worth exploring. This paper aims to provide a new strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease and nerve injury with traditional Chinese medicines.
IBM System z10 processor cache subsystem microarchitecture (2009)

With the introduction of the high-frequency IBM System z10™ processor design, a new, robust cache hierarchy was needed to enable up to 80 of these processors aggregated into a tightly coupled symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) system to reach their performance potential. Typically, each time the processor frequency increases by a significant factor, as did the z10™ processor over the predecessor IBM System z9® processor, the access time of data, as measured by the number of processor cycles beyond the level 1 cache on an identical processor cache subsystem, would increase proportionally as well because the flight time on the chip interconnects across multiple hardware packaging levels has stayed relatively constant in nanoseconds. To address the latency scaling problem and the increased demand of the larger 80-way SMP size, the z10 processor cache subsystem introduces new innovative concepts and solutions.
Narrowband interference rejection in GPS receiver using adaptive lattice predictor (2008)

Abstract:- The global positioning system (GPS) provides accurate positioning and timing information useful in many applications. An adaptive lattice predictor for the anti-jamming purpose will be proposed. The adaptive filter is applied here to accurately predict the narrowband waveform based on an effective and computationally efficient stochastic-gradient algorithm. Simulation results show that our proposed fixed-point adaptive canceller achieves a better performance on narrowband interference rejection in GPS receiver.
Transcriptional Profiling Reveals Novel Markers of Liver Fibrogenesis (2006)

Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) that transdifferentiate to myofibroblasts in the injured liver are responsible for scar formation that leads to fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. To investigate the gene expression profile during different stages of this process, we performed serial analysis of gene expression, representing a quantitative and qualitative description of all expressed genes. Stellate cells were isolated from human livers and cultured. Serial analysis of gene expression was performed on RNA isolated from quiescent, activated, and transdifferentiated HSC. Comparison of the three resulting transcriptomes showed that less than 5% of all genes changed significantly in expression. Established markers of liver fibrosis showed enhanced expression in accordance with the transdifferentiation process. In addition, induction was seen for several genes not yet recognized to be involved in liver fibrosis, such as insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBP) and antagonists of bone morphogenic proteins: follistatin and gremlin. The induction of these genes was validated in vivo in mice developing liver fibrosis. The expression of IGFBPs and gremlin was measurable in the livers of these mice, whereas it was low or undetectable in control mice without liver fibrosis. Since gremlin modulates the activity of bone morphogenic growth factors, it may represent a novel pathway and a target for therapeutic intervention and together with IGFBPs it could be a specific marker of liver fibrosis. In conclusion, the comparison of the three transcriptomes of (activated) stellate cells reveals novel genes involved in fibrogenesis and provides an appreciation of the sequence and timing of the fibrotic process in liver.
Growth kinetics and collagen synthesis of normal skin, normal scar and keloid fibroblasts in vitro (1979)

Fibroblasts were isolated from keloid, normal skin, and normal scar and maintained in tissue culture for four passages. Growth kinetics were the same for all groups on days 2 through 12. However, the rate of collagen synthesis per fibroblast was greater in keloid derived cells than any controls at all growth phases. Keloid fibroblasts have an autonomous capacity to synthesize collagen at a significantly increased level in vitro, which may explain in part why these lesions are characterized by increased collagen deposition.
Polymer Optical Waveguides for Versatile Multichip Module and Board Level Optical Interconnects (1994)

Optical interconnects offer the possibility of eliminating interconnect bottlenecks in systems in which many daughterboards are interconnected through a backplane or motherboard. Specific advantages conferred by the use of optics include increased density with reduced crosstalk, ease of driving high fanouts, elimination of the need for careful impedance control, elimination of radiated EMI, and possibly reduced power dissipation compared to electrical interconnects.
Natural Graphite (2014)

Natural graphite, one of four forms of crystalline carbon‐the others being nanotubes, diamond, and fullerenes, occur worldwide. Graphite is gray to black in color, opaque, and has a metallic luster. The three principal forms of natural graphite are crystalline flake, amorphous, and lump. These three physically different forms of natural graphite have essentially different applications. Crystalline flake is usually mined by excavation and open pit methods. Amorphous and lump graphite are mostly mined underground. If exposure limits for graphite are exceeded, the respiratory tract may become irritated. The uses of graphite derive from its physical and chemical properties. The major uses of graphite are in refractories, steelmaking, brake linings, foundry operations, batteries, and lubrication.
Prolonged Th1‐like response generated by a <i>Plasmodium yoeli</i>‐specific T cell clone allows complete clearance of infection in reconstituted mice (1997)

In the present study, we report the ability of in vitro cultured CD4+ T cells, generated following immunization with dead blood stage P. yoelii parasites, to mediate protection against homologous challenge infection in reconstituted nude mice. P. yoelii-specific T cell line cells produced IFN-gamma after in vitro stimulation with specific antigen, and were protective when adoptively transferred into athymic nude mice. Following transfer P. yoelii-specific T cell lines into nude and SCID mice, elevated levels of nitric oxide (NO) were detected during the first week of infection at a time when parasitaemias were suppressed. However, in vivo blocking of NO production through administration of L-NMMA, an inhibitor of NO synthase, increased mortality, but did not alter the course of primary parasitaemia in P. yoelii-specific T cell line-reconstituted nude mice. In addition, a P. yoelii-specific CD4+ T cell clone, which produced IFN-gamma in vitro, afforded sterile protection via mechanisms other than NO. By ELISA, antibodies were undetectable on all but one day (day 79) post T cell clone transfer and parasite challenge, where very low levels of antibodies were detected, with some evidence of recognition of malaria proteins by Western blot. Collectively, our data suggest that T cell effector functions, independent of NO production and in the absence of high levels of parasite-specific antibodies, can contribute to sterile immunity of P. yoelii.
A Review of Hail-Measuring Instruments (1976)

The characteristics of commonly used surface hail instruments are reviewed and instruments evaluated. The instruments evaluated have been classified into two major categories: integrating and recording. The integrating sensors are relatively inexpensive and provide certain useful hail data. The recording sensors are much more expensive but provide more useful data including time of hail. The review includes the principles of operation, types of data obtained, operational advantages and disadvantages, and approximate cost of each type of instrument.