gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A review of large-scale CO2 shipping and marine emissions management for carbon capture, utilisation and storage (2021)

Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) can reduce greenhouse gas emissions for a range of technologies which capture CO2 from a variety of sources and transport it to permanent storage locations such as depleted oil fields or saline aquifers or supply it for use. CO2 transport is the intermediate step in the CCUS chain and can use pipeline systems or sea carriers depending on the geographical location and the size of the emitter. In this paper, CO2 shipping is critically reviewed in order to explore its techno-economic feasibility in comparison to other transportation options. This review provides an overview of CO2 shipping for CCUS and scrutinises its potential role for global CO2 transport. It also provides insights into the technological advances in marine carrier CO2 transportation for CCUS, including preparation for shipping, and in addition investigates existing experience and discusses relevant transport properties and optimum conditions. Thus far, liquefied CO2 transportation by ship has been mainly used in the food and brewery industries for capacities varying between 800 m3 and 1000 m3. However, CCUS requires much greater capacities and only limited work is available on the large-scale transportation needs for the marine environment. Despite most literature suggesting conditions near the triple-point, in-depth analysis shows optimal transport conditions to be case sensitive and related to project variables. Ship-based transport of CO2 is a better option to decarbonise dislocated emitters over long distances and for relatively smaller quantities in comparison to offshore pipeline, as pipelines require a continuous flow of compressed gas and have a high cost-dependency on distance. Finally, this work explores the potential environmental footprint of marine chains, with particular reference to the energy implications and emissions from ships and their management. A careful scrutiny of potential future developments highlights the fact, that despite some existing challenges, implementation of CO2 shipping is crucial to support CCUS both in the UK and worldwide.
Zebra mussels anchor byssal threads faster and tighter than quagga mussels in flow (2009)

While the invasive zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha has rapidly spread throughout the Great Lakes and inland waterways, it is being displaced by the quagga mussel Dreissena bugensis in shallow water habitats. However, zebra mussels remain dominant in areas with higher water velocity. We hypothesized that the persistence of zebra over quagga mussels in habitats with higher water velocity might result from greater rate and strength of byssal thread attachment. We examined whether zebra mussels relative to quagga mussels have: (1) higher byssal thread synthesis rate, (2) lower dislodgment in flow and (3) greater mechanical force required for detachment from substrate. Specifically, we examined byssal thread synthesis rate and dislodgment of both species in response to water velocities of 0, 50, 100 and 180 cm s(-1). Byssal thread synthesis rate was significantly higher for zebra than for quagga mussels at all velocities. Dislodgment from the substrate increased for both species with increasing velocity but was significantly lower for zebra than for quagga mussels. We also tested the mechanical force to detach mussels after short (32 h) and long (two and three months) periods of attachment on hard substrate. Detachment force was significantly higher for zebra than for quagga mussels only after short-term attachment. Higher byssal thread synthesis rate in zebra mussels was a likely factor that minimized their dislodgment in flow and increased short-term attachment strength. Differences in byssal thread synthesis rate between the two species might partly account for the ability of zebra mussels to maintain dominance over quagga mussels in habitats with high velocities.
Applying the IRstream Retrieval Engine for Structured Documents to INEX. (2002)

For a long period of time the research activities in information retrieval have mainly addressed flat text files. Although there have been approaches towards multimedia data and structured data in the past, these topics gain increasing interest today in the context of XML data. To address structured multimedia data, an e#cient combination of content-based retrieval for multimedia data, retrieval in meta data and mechanisms which allow to exploit the document structure is needed.
Atmospheric Depolarization and Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (1971)

The effect of electrostrictively induced stimulated Brillouin scattering on atmospheric depolarization is studied. Solutions for steady-state and transient conditions are obtained.
Three old-timers (1958)

You wouldn't believe it would you - a man of seventy or so, wading up the street in a cloudburst, dressed in a white suit, white boots and check cap, with a walking stick, knee deep in the gutter, kicking water over you and laughing like mad!
Trialkylsilyl-Substituted Pentalene Ligands (2000)

The reaction between [C8H6][Li(DME)]2 and chlorotrimethylsilane affords the trimethylsilyl-substituted dihydropentalene C8H6(SiMe3-1,4)2, which may be deprotonated with nBuLi in dimethoxyethane to give [C8H4(SiMe3-1,4)2][Li(DME)]2; the latter reacts with chlorotrimethylsilane to give C8H4(SiMe3-1,1‘,4,4‘)4. Similarly, treatment of [C8H6][Li(DME)]2 with triisopropylsilyl triflate gives C8H6(SiiPr3-1,4)2; deprotonation of the latter with KNH2 in diethyl ether affords [C8H4(SiiPr3-1,4)2][K]2, which has been crystallographically characterized and exhibits a chain structure in the solid state.
KEEPING HEAVY HAUL TRACK CORRUGATION-FREE (1989)

Tests on BC Rail and CP Rail heavy haul lines have shown that rail life can be substantially increased if development of surface defects such as gauge corner shelling and contact fatigue corrugations is checked at an early stage by preventive grinding.
SIV antigen immunization induces transient antigen-specific T cell responses and selectively activates viral replication in draining lymph nodes in retroviral suppressed rhesus macaques (2011)

Abstract Background HIV infection causes a qualitative and quantitative loss of CD4 + T cell immunity. The institution of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) restores CD4 + T cell responses to many pathogens, but HIV-specific responses remain deficient. Similarly, therapeutic immunization with HIV antigens of chronically infected, ART treated subjects results in poor induction of HIV-specific CD4 responses. In this study, we used a macaque model of ART treatment during chronic infection to study the virologic consequences of SIV antigen stimulation in lymph nodes early after immunization. Rhesus CMV (RhCMV) seropositive, Mamu A*01 positive rhesus macaques were chronically infected with SIVmac251 and treated with ART. The immune and viral responses to SIV gag and RhCMV pp65 antigen immunization in draining lymph nodes and peripheral blood were analyzed. Animals were immunized on contralateral sides with SIV gag and RhCMV pp65 encoding plasmids, which allowed lymph nodes draining each antigen to be obtained at the same time from the same animal for direct comparison. Results We observed that both SIV and RhCMV immunizations stimulated transient antigen-specific T cell responses in draining lymph nodes. The RhCMV-specific responses were potent and sustained (50 days post-immunization) in the periphery, while the SIV-specific responses were transient and extinguished quickly. The SIV antigen stimulation selectively induced transient SIV replication in draining lymph nodes. Conclusions The data are consistent with a model whereby viral replication in response to SIV antigen stimulation limits the generation of SIV antigen-specific responses and suggests a potential mechanism for the early loss and poor HIV-specific CD4 + T cell response observed in HIV-infected individuals.
인터넷 상의 언어학습자 문학(영어동화) 책 만들기(book-making)를 통한 초등영어 읽기능력 향상 연구 (2009)

초등영어교육에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 문자중심 언어교육과 음성중심 언어교육 사이의 우선순위에 대한 갈등은 이후 학생들의 영어교육에의 흥미도 및 중학교에서의 영어교육 등에 지대한 영향을 미친다. 새로운 교육과정에 따르면 현재 문자교육의 단계가 3학년 2학기로 조정한 점은 갈등을 어느정도 신속하게 해결하려는 노력의 일환이라고 하겠다. 우리와 같은 EFL상황에서의 영어교육의 효과적인 한 방법이 읽기 교육을 강조하는데 있음은 어느 정도 인식되어지고 있는데, 본 연구는 학생들의 접근이 용이하고, 많은 자료를 찾을 수 있는 인터넷의 동화자료를 이용하여 storytelling 등 여러 가지 방법으로 학습한 후, 책 만들기(book-making)란 최종 학습 작업을 통하여 읽기 능력의 향상을 측정해보려는 것이다. 실험 결과읽기 자료 찾기부터 책 만들기까지의 일관된 학습이 학생들의 정의적 영역에 대한 영향뿐만 아니라 초기 문자교육의 어려움을 어느 정도 해소해 줄 수 있으리라는 가정을 일
정 부분 충족시켜 준다고 할 수 있다.
Animal models of neonatal stroke (2001)

Neonatal stroke occurs in approximately 1 in 4,000 to 1 in 10,000 newborns, and more than 80% involve the vascular territory supplied by the middle cerebral artery. Neonatal stroke is associated with many acquired and genetic prothrombotic factors, and follow-up studies indicate that as many as two thirds of neonates develop neurologic deficits. In the past two decades unilateral carotid occlusion with 8% hypoxia has been used to study focal and global ischemia in the newborn, and recently a filament model of middle cerebral artery occlusion has been developed. This review describes the results of studies in these two newborn models covering aspects of the injury cascade that occurs after focal ischemia. A likely requirement is that therapeutic efforts be directed less at using thrombolytic therapy and more toward treatment of events associated with reperfusion injury, the inflammatory cascade, and apoptosis. Additional areas of research that have received attention in the past year include inhibition of nitric oxide and free-radical formation, use of iron chelating agents, the potential role of hypoxia-inducible factors and mediators of caspase activity, use of growth factors, hypothermia, and administration of magnesium sulfate.
A novel framework for image forgery localization (2013)

Image forgery localization is a very active and open research field for the difficulty to handle the large variety of manipulations a malicious user can perform by means of more and more sophisticated image editing tools. Here, we propose a localization framework based on the fusion of three very different tools, based, respectively, on sensor noise, patch-matching, and machine learning. The binary masks provided by these tools are finally fused based on some suitable reliability indexes. According to preliminary experiments on the training set, the proposed framework provides often a very good localization accuracy and sometimes valuable clues for visual scrutiny.
Communication pattern based node selection for shared networks (2003)

Selection of the most suitable nodes on a network to execute a parallel application requires matching the network status to the application requirements. We propose and validate a novel two step approach that exploits the knowledge of the communication structure of the application to address this problem. In the first step, a small set of candidate node groups are selected potential sites applications execution, by analyzing the network status information and the communication patterns used by the application. The second step is based on the concept of a communication skeleton, which is short running program that generates the dominant communication operations of the application it represents. The communication skeleton is executed on all candidate groups of nodes. The node group selected for application execution is the one that achieves the best performance on the communication skeleton. This approach leads to customized node selection and is particularly well suited to situations where available network information is of poor quality or expected communication performance cannot be modeled accurately. We motivate this approach, describe a prototype implementation, and present performance results for NAS parallel benchmarks executing on a shared network testbed.
Organic tandem solar cells comprising polymer and small-molecule subcells (2006)

In this work the authors report monolithic organic tandem solar cells. The front cell is fabricated from a blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester while a copper phthalocyanine/fullerene (CuPc∕C60) bilayer is used for the back cell. An intermediate recombination zone is realized using two doped organic semiconductor layers and a thin noble metal interlayer. The active polymer layer thickness is optimized to ensure matching of the subcell currents. The open circuit voltage Voc=1V nearly reaches the sum of the open circuit voltages of each contributing cell.
Dual source vibroseis acquisition for 2D survey by using conventional and E-code sweeps (1994)

AGIP has successfully transferred in the 2D acquisition the Dual source Vibroseis technique to achieve high resolution, low cost, vibroseis 2D data, following the fruitful experiences carried out in 3D acquisition (L. Bertelli, R. Servodio, 1991 and L. De Luchi, R. Marshall, H. Werner, 1987). As well known the aim of the dual source technique is to improve field efficiency by increasing the production and reducing the survey duration and costs. As a matter of fact the application of the dual source methodology in our 2D survey allowed a cost saving of about 40% of the final acquisition costs without smearing final data quality.
High performance and low power transistors integrated in 65nm bulk CMOS technology (2005)

This paper reports a cutting-edge 65nm CMOS technology featuring high performance and low power CMOS devices for both general and low power applications. Utilizing plasma nitrided gate oxide, off-set and slim spacers, advanced co-implants, NiSi and low temperature MOL process, well designed NMOSFET and PMOSFET achieved significant improvement from the previous generation, especially PMOSFET has demonstrated an astonishing 35 % performance enhancement from the previous technology node.
Renormalization of Gauge Theories (1997)

Like most other presentations by scientists in this Symposium, my account of the most important developments that led toward our present view of the fundamental interactions among elementary particles is a personal one, recounting discoveries I was just about to make when someone else beat me to it. But there is also something else I wish to emphasize. This is the dominant position reoccupied during the last two decades by theory, in its relation to experiment. In particular quantum field theory not only fully regained respectability but has become absolutely essential for understanding those basic facts now commonly known as the “Standard Model.” So much happened here, so many discoveries were made, that the space allotted to theory in this volume runs far too short to cover it all. Therefore, I will limit myself only to the nicest goodies among the many interesting developments in theory, and of those I'll only pick the ones that were of direct importance to me.
Activity-Based Probes for Isoenzyme- and Site-Specific Functional Characterization of Glutathione <i>S</i>-Transferases (2017)

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) comprise a diverse family of phase II drug metabolizing enzymes whose shared function is the conjugation of reduced glutathione (GSH) to endo- and xenobiotics. Although the conglomerate activity of these enzymes can be measured, the isoform-specific contribution to the metabolism of xenobiotics in complex biological samples has not been possible. We have developed two activity-based probes (ABPs) that characterize active GSTs in mammalian tissues. The GST active site is composed of a GSH binding "G site" and a substrate binding "H site". Therefore, we developed (1) a GSH-based photoaffinity probe (GSTABP-G) to target the "G site", and (2) an ABP designed to mimic a substrate molecule and have "H site" activity (GSTABP-H). The GSTABP-G features a photoreactive moiety for UV-induced covalent binding to GSTs and GSH-binding enzymes. The GSTABP-H is a derivative of a known mechanism-based GST inhibitor that binds within the active site and inhibits GST activity. Validation of probe targets and "G" and "H" site specificity was carried out using a series of competition experiments in the liver. Herein, we present robust tools for the characterization of enzyme- and active site-specific GST activity in mammalian model systems.
Zinc solvent extraction in the process industries (2003)

The global zinc industry is currently experiencing unprecedented interest in new developments and expansions. While most of the new projects and plant upgrades remain committed to traditional processing technologies, recent advances in zinc solvent extraction have created opportunities for new process routes in the treatment of both primary ore and secondary materials. The production of special high-grade zinc from the complex Skorpion ore, previously considered untreatable, will be the first commercial application of zinc solvent extraction for the mainstream processing of primary ore. This mine-to-metal project promises to become one of the lowest-cost zinc producers. Solvent extraction is also under consideration for several other oxide and sulfide projects in various stages of feasibility. With respect to the processing of secondary materials, new applications of zinc solvent extraction have proved advantageous for the treatment of zinc residues and furnace dust. In contrast to the zinc industry itself, zinc solvent extraction is well established in the refining of other base metals, providing an efficient means of eliminating zinc as an impurity element. Many applications have been for cobalt and nickel refinery operations. More recently, larger-scale applications have been for primary operations, where refined copper, cobalt, and nickel are produced at the mine site. Previously regarded as a waste product in such operations, interest is now being shown in recovering zinc as a valuable by-product in selected flowsheets. The industrial application of zinc solvent extraction is reviewed in this paper. The reagents used for the selective extraction of zinc are discussed to provide the basic rationale for the choice of this separation technique. An historical perspective is given by brief discussions of some early applications. The review then focuses on recent installations and projects under development where zinc solvent extraction features as the key separation step.
Functional dissection of an abscisic acid (ABA)-inducible gene reveals two independent ABA-responsive complexes each containing a G-box and a novel cis-acting element. (1995)

To elucidate the mechanism by which abscisic acid (ABA) regulates gene expression, the promoter of the barley ABA-responsive HVA22 gene has been analyzed by both loss- and gain-of-function studies. Previous reports indicate that G-box sequences, which are present in genes responding to a variety of environmental and physiological cues, are involved in ABA response. However, our data suggest that G-box sequences are necessary but not sufficient for ABA response. Instead, an ABA response complex consisting of a G-box, namely, ABRE3 (GCCACGTACA), and a novel coupling element, CE1 (TGCCACCGG), is sufficient for high-level ABA induction, and replacement of either of these sequences abolishes ABA responsiveness. We suggest that the interaction between G-box sequences, such as ABRE3 in the HVA22 gene, and CE-type sequences determines the specificity in ABA-regulated gene expression. Our results also demonstrate that the ABA response complex is the minimal promoter unit governing high-level ABA induction; four copies of this 49-bp-long complex linked to a minimal promoter can confer more than 100-fold ABA-induced gene expression. In addition to ABA response complex 1, composed of ABRE3 and CE1, the HVA22 promoter contains another ABA response complex. The ABA responsiveness of this ABA response complex 2 relies on the interaction of G-box (ABRE2; CGCACGTGTC) with another yet unidentified coupling element. These two complexes contribute incrementally to the expression level of HVA22 in response to ABA.
Division between encrypted integers by means of Garbled Circuits (2011)

Available protocols for dividing encrypted numbers in a privacy preserving framework are quite onerous. Different solutions based on Homomorphic Encryption were proposed in the past years, but only a few of them - addressing specific cases - can be implemented efficiently so that division is often the bottleneck in protocols for privacy preserving computation. Moreover, no efficient solution for integer division between two secret values is available, thus making it difficult to compute the division between the result of previous computations whose output has to be kept secret to all the involved parties. In this paper we propose a novel solution for privacy preserving integer division that relies on Garbled Circuit theory. The protocol can be easily adapted to work with public, private and secret inputs and included in hybrid protocols wherein primitives relying on Homomorphic Encryption and Garbled Circuits coexist. We analyze the complexity of the new protocol, comparing it with existing homomorphic solutions. The execution time of a real implementation of the protocol is also provided.
Adas on Cots with OpenCL: A Case Study with Lane Detection (2017)

The concept of autonomous cars is driving a boost for car electronics and the size of automotive electronics market is foreseen to double by 2025. How to benefit from this boost is an interesting question. This article presents a case study to test the feasibility of using OpenCL as the programming language and Cots components as the underlying computing platforms for Adas development. For representative Adas applications, a scalable lane detection is developed that can tune the trade-off between detection accuracy and speed. Our OpenCL implementation is tested on 14 video streams from different data-sets with different road scenarios on 5 Cots platforms. We demonstrate that the Cots platforms can provide more than sufficient computing power for the lane detection in the meanwhile our OpenCL implementation can exploit the massive parallelism provided by the Cots platforms.
Mechanisms Causing Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia With Multiple QRS Morphologies (1997)

In this canine model, tachycardias with multiple morphologies most commonly arise from reentrant circuits in the same region of the infarct, suggesting that most often only one area has electrophysiological properties necessary to sustain reentry.
Digital pulse processor using moving average technique (1993)

A digital pulse processor with improved differential linearity and reduced dead time is designed. The circuit uses an 8-b flash analog-to-digital converter (ADC) running at 36 MHz and continually sampling the signal from the preamplifier or shaping amplifier. The digitized signal is then processed by a digital moving averager. A digital peak detector is used for measuring the amplitude of the shaped pulses. A novel, threshold-free circuit is designed that combines both the moving average and peak detection functions. The circuit also provides a timing signal with an uncertainty of one sampling period. The number of the averaged samples (equivalent to the shaping time constant) is digitally controlled.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Application of the Roll-Forming Process on the Production of a Waterproof Metal Motor Housings (2007)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper discusses the results obtained by the application of the roll forming technology on the production of a high precision metal motor housings.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In particular, it is explained a process that allows the production of the motor housing by the rolling of a sheet metal strip. The critical application described in this paper refers to a car starter motor.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Experimental results comparing the traditional progressive stamping process with the roll forming process are provided in order to demonstrate the advantages of this technology.</div>