gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substituted Chlorodiamino-s-triazines<sup>1</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituted Chlorodiamino-s-triazines1William M. Pearlman and C. K. BanksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 11, 3726–3728Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01191a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01191a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views612Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Le bilan en demi-teinte de l'Acte II (2008)

International audience
Dissolution kinetics of calcium carbonate in sea water; VI, The near-equilibrium dissolution kinetics of calcium carbonate-rich deep sea sediments (1978)

<h3>Background</h3> Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is a recently proposed predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Available assays for TMB determination differ in horizontal coverage, gene content and algorithms, leading to discrepancies in results, impacting patient selection. A harmonization study of TMB assessment with available assays in a cohort of patients with NSCLC is urgently needed. <h3>Methods</h3> We evaluated the TMB assessment obtained with two marketed next generation sequencing panels: TruSight Oncology 500 (TSO500) and Oncomine Tumor Mutation Load (OTML) versus a reference assay (Foundation One, FO) in 96 NSCLC samples. Additionally, we studied the level of agreement among the three methods with respect to PD-L1 expression in tumors, checked the level of different immune infiltrates versus TMB, and performed an inter-laboratory reproducibility study. Finally, adjusted cut-off values were determined. <h3>Results</h3> Both panels showed strong agreement with FO, with concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) of 0.933 (95% CI 0.908 to 0.959) for TSO500 and 0.881 (95% CI 0.840 to 0.922) for OTML. The corresponding CCCs were 0.951 (TSO500-FO) and 0.919 (OTML-FO) in tumors with <1% of cells expressing PD-L1 (PD-L1<1%; N<i>=</i>55), and 0.861 (TSO500-FO) and 0.722 (OTML-FO) in tumors with PD-L1≥1% (N=41). Inter-laboratory reproducibility analyses showed higher reproducibility with TSO500. No significant differences were found in terms of immune infiltration versus TMB. Adjusted cut-off values corresponding to 10 muts/Mb with FO needed to be lowered to 7.847 muts/Mb (TSO500) and 8.380 muts/Mb (OTML) to ensure a sensitivity >88%. With these cut-offs, the positive predictive value was 78.57% (95% CI 67.82 to 89.32) and the negative predictive value was 87.50% (95% CI 77.25 to 97.75) for TSO500, while for OTML they were 73.33% (95% CI 62.14 to 84.52) and 86.11% (95% CI 74.81 to 97.41), respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Both panels exhibited robust analytical performances for TMB assessment, with stronger concordances in patients with negative PD-L1 expression. TSO500 showed a higher inter-laboratory reproducibility. The cut-offs for each assay were lowered to optimal overlap with FO.
Valuable use of computer-aided surgery in congenital bony aural atresia (2003)

Congenital aural atresia repair is difficult owing to unpredictable anatomy. Benefits may be gained from computer-aided surgery (CAS), but its exact role has yet to be clearly defined. This is a retrospective study of 18 patients with bony type C (Schuknecht classification) congenital atresia. In the first group (n = 9), repair was performed with CAS while in the second group (n = 9), similar intervention was applied without CAS. Intra- and post-operative clinical and audiological findings were compared. CAS computed tomography (CT) images correlated well with intra-operative findings giving the surgeon more security and reducing operative time by 25 minutes. In our estimation, CAS is valuable for type C congenital aural atresia repair. It serves as an educational tool and as a guide for the experienced surgeon in critical situations where anatomical landmarks are distorted and where access is limited.
An Enhanced Canary-Based System With BIST for SRAM Standby Power Reduction (2010)

To achieve aggressive standby power reduction for static random access memory (SRAM), we have previously proposed a closed-loop V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> scaling system with canary replicas that can track global variations. In this paper, we propose several techniques to enhance the efficiency of this system for more advanced technologies. Adding dummy cells around the canary cell improves the tracking of systematic variations. A new canary circuit avoids the possibility that a canary cell may never fail because it resets into its more stable data pattern. A built-in self-test (BIST) block incorporates self-calibration of SRAM minimum standby <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> and the initial failure threshold due to intrinsic mismatch. Measurements from a new 45 nm test chip further demonstrate the function of the canary cells in smaller technology and show that adding dummy cells reduces the variation of the canary cell.
The SMN binding protein gemin2 is not involved in motor axon outgrowth (2007)

A paramount question in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) research is why reduced levels of SMN, a ubiquitously expressed protein, leads to a motoneuron-specific disease. It has been hypothesized that SMN may have a dual function: a role in snRNP assembly and a novel function that affects axons. We have previously shown that decreasing Smn levels in zebrafish causes defects in motor axon outgrowth. To determine whether decreasing other components of the snRNP complex would also cause motor axon defects, we knocked down Gemin2, a SMN binding protein involved in snRNP assembly. Moderate knockdown of Gemin2 yields a large percentage of morphologically abnormal embryos with shortened trunks and overall delayed development. Examination of motor axons revealed that only embryos with abnormal body morphology had aberrant motor axons indicating that the motor axon defects are secondary to the overall body defects observed in these embryos. To directly test this, we knocked down Gemin2 specifically in motoneurons using two separate approaches and found that motor axons developed normally. Furthermore, wild-type neurons transplanted into morphologically abnormal gemin2 morphants had aberrant motor axons indicating that the motor axon defects observed when Gemin2 is decreased are secondary to the defects in body morphology. These data show that reduction of Gemin2, unlike reduction of SMN, in zebrafish embryos does not directly cause motor axon outgrowth defects. Since Gemin2 and SMN both function in snRNP biogenesis yet only SMN knockdown causes motor axon defects, these data are consistent with an additional role for SMN that is snRNP independent.
Tritium Emissions from a Detritiation Facility (2011)

Tritium is produced in heavy-water reactors through neutron capture by the deuterium atom. Annual production of tritium in a CANDU reactor is typically 52-74 TBq/MW(e). Some CANDU reactor operators have implemented detritiation technology to reduce both tritium emissions and dose to workers and the public from reactor operations. However, tritium removal facilities also have the potential to emit both elemental tritium and tritiated water vapor during operation. Authorized releases to the environment, in Canada, are governed by Derived Release Limits (DRLs). DRLs represent an estimate of a release that could result in a dose of 1 mSv to an exposed member of the public. For the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station, the DRLs for airborne elemental tritium and tritiated water emissions are ∼15.6 PBq/week and ∼825 TBq/week respectively. The actual tritium emissions from Darlington Tritium Removal Facility (DTRF) are below 0.1% of the DRL for elemental tritium and below 0.2% of the DRL for tritiated water vapor. As part of an ongoing effort to further reduce tritium emissions from the DTRF, we have undertaken a review and assessment of the systems design, operating performance, and tritium control methods in effect at the DTRF on tritium emissions. This paper discusses the results of this study.
Correlating Flowing Time and Condition For Perforation Plugging By Suspended Particles (2009)

Abstract Conditions leading to the plugging of perforations in wells and pore throats in porous formations are investigated experimentally. Accurate correlations are developed for the effect of pore throat to particle size ratio on flowing fluid conditions and plugging time leading to particle bridging. It is demonstrated that the critical pore throat to particle size ratio vs. particle-volume fraction Reynold's number can be correlated satisfactorily using an exponential function, and the dimensionless plugging time vs. reciprocal particle-volume fraction yields an exponential-type correlation. Such empirical correlations can be used to determine and alleviate the conditions that induce perforation and pore plugging by migrating particles in petroleum reservoirs. These correlations reveal that the critical pore-to-particle diameter ratio below which plugging occurs may be greater than the unit physical limit.
Quantitative analysis of resistance of printed resistors (2003)

Surface-mounted resistors on an electronic circuit board are inexpensive and accurate, but resistors embedded in circuit boards can attain the same accuracy only after costly post-deposition trimming. Improved low cost methodologies of resistor fabrication are needed for cost effective embedding of resistors into polymeric substrates. Polymer Thick Film Resistors (PTFRs) are low temperature processable, low cost resistors with a wide resistivity range. The electrical resistance variation of these resistors is approximately /spl plusmn/10% after deposition and additional trimming procedure to tune the resistances to meet specifications. This adds to the cost and complicates the fabrication process when the resistors are embedded. In this study, the influences of PTFRs geometries on the resistance tolerances were investigated. Results indicated that the accuracy of stencil printed resistors was markedly higher than the screen-printed resistors. The screen-printed resistor edge geometries were observed to be rough. FEM analyses revealed that the resistance tolerances were associated with edge roughness. Remedies to the variations were proposed and the relationship between resistance tolerances and aperture orientations was also outlined.
Broadband Electro-Optic Traveling-Wave Light Modulators (1963)

A detailed analysis has been carried out of a broadband traveling-wave electro-optic light modulator using single crystals of currently available materials. The structure analyzed is that first proposed by Rigrod and Kaminow in which a light beam is reflected back and forth across a microwave transmission line with the angle between optical and microwave phase velocity vectors chosen so that the component of the optical phase velocity vector in the direction of microwave propagation is equal to the microwave phase velocity. For generality both amplitude and phase modulation are considered in single crystals belonging to three different symmetry groups, T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</inf> and D <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2d</inf> (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</inf> ), (linear electro-optic effect) and O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h</inf> (quadratic effect), for two different orientations of the modulating field. The inclusion of such practical factors as microwave and optical loss results in an optimum design in which the modulator dimensions and operating temperature are uniquely determined by the optical and microwave dielectric properties of the modulating medium. The main conclusions of the analysis are: (i) Either cuprous chloride or suitably biased strontium titanate may be used to produce 50 per cent linear modulation over a bandwidth of 10 gc with less than 5 watts of modulating power, using structures a few centimeters long that have practical manufacturing and operating tolerances. (ii) The upper modulation frequency limit is set by a cutoff frequency which arises from the finite width of the optical beam. (iii) The presence of appreciable crystalline strain in the modulating medium requires that the modulating system consist of a simple phase modulator followed by some form of frequency-selective discriminator. Such a system requires monochromatic but not necessarily coherent light.
Where is the Clinical Breakthrough of Heme Oxygenase-1 / Carbon Monoxide Therapeutics? (2018)

Heme oxygenase (HO), the rate-limiting step in the degradation of heme to biliverdin, ferrous ion, and carbon monoxide (CO), is an ancestral protective enzyme conserved across phylogenetic domains. While HO was first described in the late 1960s and progressively characterized in the following decades, there has been a surge of innovation over the past twenty years in efforts to leverage the cytoprotective power of HO in a clinical setting. Despite the plethora of preclinical data indicating extraordinary therapeutic potential, HO has remained elusive from the physician's toolbox. The leading candidate in development, CO, has long been misconstrued as a useless toxic gas. Scientists have crafted an array of CO delivery molecules and devices to harness HO, however, each endeavor was met with limitations preventing translation into clinical practice. In this discussion, we summarize the HO / CO field with a clinical and commercial development perspective. More specifically, given the enormous global efforts and capital investment into the field, we ask: where is the breakthrough therapy?
High-quality submicron niobium tunnel junctions with reactive-ion-beam oxidation (1980)

A new reactive-ion-beam oxidation technique has been applied to the fabrication of rugged, high-quality niobium-lead alloy Josephson tunnel junctions. Control of critical current density over a wide range is possible, and critical current densities exceeding 106 A/cm2 have been obtained. In addition, a process-compatible edge geometry has been developed which allows a junction to be formed on the faceted edge of a niobium base electrode, yielding devices with areas of 10−9 cm2 using 1-μm photolithography.
Light reflection rheography: A simple noninvasive screening test for deep vein thrombosis (1993)

LRR is a simple, inexpensive, and noninvasive bedside test that takes 10 minutes to perform. It is highly sensitive with a high negative predictive value, detecting most cases of DVT, reliably ruling out DVT, and eliminating the need for more time-consuming and costly studies. Therefore it seems to be an appropriate screening test in patients with clinically suspected DVT.
Ceramide Promotes Restructuring of Model Raft Membranes (2006)

The generation of ceramide in cellular membranes is believed to cause coalescence of small lipid raft domains to give large signaling platforms, thus providing a site for the oligomerization of cell surface receptors. We have used atomic force microscopy to study the effects of ceramide generation by in situ enzymatic hydrolysis of sphingomyelin in phase-separated lipid bilayers that have sphingomyelin/cholesterol-rich domains surrounded by a fluid phase. In situ generation of ceramide produces heterogeneous domains with many raised subdomains that are also formed in bilayers containing premixed ceramide. However, in situ ceramide generation also results in the restructuring of the bilayer to give (1) areas of fluid phase that are devoid of domains, (2) areas that have a distribution of domains similar to the original bilayer, and (3) areas containing clusters of domains. The observation of the ceramide-promoted heterogeneity and clustering of raft domains in a physiologically relevant model provides strong support for the ceramide-induced formation of signaling platforms in cell membranes.
Optical Method of Measuring Temperature in Hot Glass (1972)

An optical method of temperature measurement, developed for semitransparent media, was tested using molten glass. The beam from a helium‐neon laser was passed through glass, and the attenuation of the beam was measured. Since the monochromatic absorptivity of the glass was a monotonic function of temperature, the attenuation of the beam indicated the temperature of the glass. The optical method was used to measure the one‐dimensional temperature profile in a slab of molten glass with an accuracy of ±5°F. The temperature gradient within the slab was of the order of 200°F/in. The method is useful when the medium is isothermal along the length of the laser beam, the medium does not significantly scatter radiation, and the monochromatic transmissivity of the medium based on the laser path length is 0.1.
Modelling Student Behavior using Granular Large Scale Action Data from a MOOC (2016)

Digital learning environments generate a precise record of the actions learners take as they interact with learning materials and complete exercises towards comprehension. With this high quantity of sequential data comes the potential to apply time series models to learn about underlying behavioral patterns and trends that characterize successful learning based on the granular record of student actions. There exist several methods for looking at longitudinal, sequential data like those recorded from learning environments. In the field of language modelling, traditional n-gram techniques and modern recurrent neural network (RNN) approaches have been applied to algorithmically find structure in language and predict the next word given the previous words in the sentence or paragraph as input. In this paper, we draw an analogy to this work by treating student sequences of resource views and interactions in a MOOC as the inputs and predicting students' next interaction as outputs. In this study, we train only on students who received a certificate of completion. In doing so, the model could potentially be used for recommendation of sequences eventually leading to success, as opposed to perpetuating unproductive behavior. Given that the MOOC used in our study had over 3,500 unique resources, predicting the exact resource that a student will interact with next might appear to be a difficult classification problem. We find that simply following the syllabus (built-in structure of the course) gives on average 23% accuracy in making this prediction, followed by the n-gram method with 70.4%, and RNN based methods with 72.2%. This research lays the ground work for recommendation in a MOOC and other digital learning environments where high volumes of sequential data exist.
Effective Atomic Number and Energy Absorption in Tissues (1946)

An X-ray absorption method, using Ross balanced filters, is applied to measure the effective atomic number of excised body tissues. The results are used to calculate linear absorption coefficients and the true energy absorption in ergs per röntgen for these tissues over a wide range of wavelength. Approximate methods of calculation are applied to determine the dosage throughout a heterogeneous medium and a number of examples, relevant to clinical treatments, are worked out on an energy absorption basis. The problem of dosage in bone is considered and an attempt is made to extend the specification of radiation dosage beyond that stated in terms of the röntgen.
Stable expression of human cytochrome P450IA2 cDNA in a human lymphoblastoid cell line: Role of the enzyme in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (1990)

A human lymphoblastoid cell line stably expressing a human cytochrome P450IA2 cDNA was developed. This recombinant cell line displayed P450IA2 protein and estradiol 2-hydroxylase activity, neither of which was detected in the parental cell line. The recombinant cell line was also approximately 1000-fold more sensitive to the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 than was the parent cell line. The increase in mutagenicity was supported by a corresponding increase in the level of aflatoxin B1 binding to DNA in cells expressing P450IA2 relative to control cells.
Enabling cuts on multiresolution representation (2002)

Multi-resolution representations are widely used in many data visualization contexts and applications. The adoption of a multi-resolution approach provides the optimal management of a data representation, using at each instant of time a level of detail that is more adequate for the given action or task to be performed. Recently, multi-resolution has also been introduced into the interactive physically-based simulation of deformable objects (e.g. in virtual surgery applications). In these applications, the processing resources available are often insufficient and pose a critical constraint. The adoption of multi-resolution allows one to improve the accuracy of the simulation in the proximity of the action focus while maintaining computations under a given bound. In this particular context, the user should be able to perform cuts in the object. The problem is that most multi-resolution models need a pre-processing phase in which the data structure is constructed. Such a construction strictly depends on the topology of the object, which is supposed to be invariable. We propose a new approach for the dynamic topological modification of a multi-resolution model, which allows easy updating of the multi-resolution data structure (based on the multi-resolution triangulation framework), and efficient decomposition of the cells intersected by the cut. With respect to previous methods, our solution supports a much lower degree of fragmentation of the decomposition and very short processing times, due to the design of a lookup table (LUT) based splitting solution.
A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF MANNITOL, SORBITOL, XYLITOL, AND XYLOSE IN WILD BERRIES AND COMMERCIAL FRUITS (1980)

ABSTRACT The levels of sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, and xylose in several Finnish wild berries were determined gas chromatographically. The highest amount of xylitol occurred in raspberries (Rubus idueus) (approx 400 μg per 1.0g of fresh weight). In other fruits the concentrations ranged from 7.5–280 pg per 1.0g of fresh weight. Sorbitol and mannitol occurred most abundantly in Iowan berries (Sorbus aucuparia) (up to 5.3 and 0.38 mg per 1.0g of fresh weight, respectively). The highest amount of xylose was detected in ripe cranberries (Vuccinum oxycoccus) (320 pg per 1.0g of fresh weight). There was no consistent correlation between ripeness and the levels of sugar alcohols, except for sorbitol, the levels of which increased during the ripening of rowan berries.