gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Balancing security and usability in Web Single Sign-On (2020)

Web Single Sign-On (SSO) systems enable users to access multiple enterprise services by authenticating once to the enterprise Identity Provider (IdP). Although SSO improves usability, the current SSO implementations work on a per-user-application basis. This means that users still need to authenticate for every application they use on the same device. Moreover, Web SSO systems rely on Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) to achieve a high-level of security, while requiring MFA for each used application leads to frequent user annoyance. The thesis addresses this problem by proposing a novel method for synchronizing authentication information across local applications. This is achieved by using a local agent that acts as a local IdP for local applications and as a local application to the main IdP. Furthermore, current SSO implementations do not provide a mechanism for the IdP to synchronously push security updates (e.g., a change of authorization) to Service Providers (SPs) without terminating the session. We address this problem by proposing a novel SSO authentication mechanism that allows the IdP to synchronously update the current user authorization with no need for session termination (if not necessary).
Superoxide Dismutase 3 Polymorphism Associated with Reduced Lung Function in Two Large Populations (2008)

We identified two novel polymorphisms in a conserved region of the SOD3 gene and show that individuals that are homozygous for these polymorphisms have reduced FVC % predicted in two large, population-based studies.
Production of type 5 capsular polysaccharide by Staphylococcus aureus grown in a semi-synthetic medium (1991)

The concentration of the type 5 capsular polysaccharide (CP) antigen of Staphylococcus aureus can be measured directly in cultures or cell suspensions by a two-step inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using monoclonal antibodies. CP was synthesized during growth on a variety of carbon substrates and its production was not affected by the nature of the carbon source. High levels of yeast extract inhibited CP formation. CP was synthesized in batch culture at the same rate during exponential growth as in the post-exponential phase. Post-exponential CP production contributed at least half the final amount of CP measured. This phenomenon was observed in different culture media, although the specific yield of polysaccharide varied from one medium to another. Post-exponential CP production was observed in the pH range 6-7, but not at pH 8. Post-exponential production was strictly dependent on oxygen availability and did not occur under anaerobic conditions.
Self-routing fast packet switch with in-service modulator growth (1990)

A fast packet switch that has inherent modular growth capability as well as distributed routing control is presented.
Expression of Aspartokinase, Dihydrodipicolinic Acid Synthase and Homoserine Dehydrogenase During Growth of Carrot Cell Suspension Cultures on Lysine-and Threonine-Supplemented Media (1979)

Reduction in the amounts of activity of the first enzyme, aspartokinase (EC 2.7.2.4) and two branch-point enzymes, dihydrodipicolinic acid synthase (EC 4.2.1.52) and homoserine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.3), located in the pathway for the synthesis of aspartate-family amino acids, occurred when cell suspension cultures of Daucus carota L. var. Danvers were grown in media containing 2 mM threonine or 2 mM lysine, endproducts of the pathway. Activity of the lysine-sensitive form of aspartokinase was decreased when cells were grown in medium containing lysine and the activity of the threonine-sensitive form was decreased when cells were grown in medium containing threonine. Activity of the branch-point enzyme leading to threonine synthesis, homoserine dehydrogenase, was decreased up to 70% in specific activity (units/mg protein) and relative activity (units/g fresh weight) when cells were grown in media containing lysine or threonine. Threonine had no effect on the relative activity of dihydrodipicolinic acid synthase, but decreased its specific activity. Lysine decreased the relative activity of the synthase by up to 40%, but had little effect on its specific activity. The decreased activities of the enzymes were apparently not due to binding of the inhibitory amino acids to the enzymes since homogenization of cells in buffer with 2 mM lysine and threonine did not decrease the measurable enzyme activities. These and other results presented suggest that both forms of the aspartokinase activity and homoserine dehydrogenase activity can be altered by supplementing the growth medium with lysine or threonine.
Conditional maximum likelihood estimation for improving annotation performance of n-gram models incorporating stochastic finite state grammars (2004)

Language models that combine stochastic grammars and N-grams are often used in speech recognition and language understanding systems. One useful aspect of these models is that they can be used to annotate phrases in the text with their constituent grammars; such annotation often plays an important role in subsequent processing of the text. In this paper we present an estimation procedure, under a conditional maximum likelihood objective, that aims at improving the annotation performance of these models over their maximum likelihood estimate. The estimation is carried out using the extended Baum-Welch procedure of Gopalakrishnan et.al. We find that with conditional maximum likelihood estimation the annotation accuracy of the language models can be improved by over 7% relative to their maximum likelihood estimation.
Native extracellular matrix coating on Ti surfaces (2003)

Osteoblast-like SAOS-2 cells were allowed to synthesize and assemble their extracellular matrix (ECM) on titanium surfaces. After the selective removal of cells, Ti coated with a native ECM was obtained (ECM-Ti). The responses of SAOS-2 cells to ECM-Ti compared with those to peptide sequence RGDS- or fibronectin-immobilized Ti were examined, demonstrating the compositional and structural effects needed to trigger the native cell behavior.
Is NF-kappaB the sensor of oxidative stress? (1999)

NF-kappaB is a dimeric transcription factor that is involved in the regulation of a large number of genes that control various aspects of the immune and inflammatory response. It is activated by a variety of stimuli ranging from cytokines, to various forms of radiation, to oxidative stress (such as exposure to H2O2). Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the signal transduction pathway leading to NF-kappaB activation by cytokines and will provide insights for the mechanism by which NF-kappaB is regulated by oxidative stress. An important question that is yet to be answered is whether reactive oxygen species play a physiological role in NF-kappaB activation.
Resistance of female Fischer-344 rats to the hepatonecrogenic and hepatocarcinogenic actions of a choline-devoid diet (1991)

A series of experiments was performed to investigate the response of female Fischer-344 rats to a choline-devoid (CD) diet. In contrast to findings previously made in male Fischer-344 rats, hepatocellular carcinomas did not develop in females chronically fed the diet. Their liver actually showed only minimal histopathological changes. For these reasons, the steatogenic and hepatonecrogenic actions of a CD diet were compared in male and female Fischer-344 rats. Young adult females were found to be largely resistant to both. The results were taken as further evidence of the primary and essential role played by an enhanced cell turnover in the pathogenesis of the carcinomas induced in male Fischer-344 rats by this non-chemical, nutritional model of hepatocarcinogenesis. A high incidence of preneoplastic and benign lesions developed in breast, pancreas or stomach of females chronically fed the CD diet. However, a similar spectrum and high incidence of lesions was observed in control rats fed a choline-supplemented diet. These findings were attributed to an enhanced occurrence of spontaneous lesions, most likely due to the high fat content (15%) of the two diets used.
Applying Antisense Technology (2003)

Progress in the development of antisense drugs over the last decade has led to the approval of the first such drug--Vitravene for AIDS-related CMV retinitis--and the development of a large number of antisense drugs in clinical trials. Antisense drugs are now being studied in Phase 3 trials for patients with cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Other antisense drugs are in development for rheumatoid arthritis, other inflammatory conditions, and hepatitis C. Still other antisense drugs are entering clinical trials for treatment of metabolic conditions such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia. These latter applications provide the potential for target effects to be more directly measured in the clinic. Improved antisense chemistry, which will enhance the feasibility of subcutaneous and oral administration of antisense drugs and offer the potential of less frequent dosing, is expected to further expand the opportunities for antisense drug development.
Isolation, characterization, and uptake in human fibroblasts of an apo(a)-free lipoprotein obtained on reduction of lipoprotein(a) (1985)

Treatment of native human Lp(a) under nondenaturing conditions with dithiothreitol yielded both a lipoprotein particle and a lipid-free protein component that could be separated by either ultracentrifugation at d 1.063 g/ml or heparin-Sepharose chromatography. The protein component only showed antigenicity against anti-Lp(a) but not against anti-B. It was heterogeneous according to SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) consisting of two bands, a major band with molecular weight similar to apoB and a minor band with slightly lower molecular weight. The lipoprotein particle was similar to LDL with regard to its electrophoretic mobility, lipid-protein composition, its apparent molecular weight according to gel-exclusion chromatography, and its apoprotein content; only apoB was found to be present by SDS-PAGE and immunochemical analysis. This lipoprotein also proved to be identical to LDL in its uptake by the receptor-mediated LDL-pathway in cultured human fibroblasts as shown by the similarity of the concentration-dependent binding, internalization, and degradation curves at 37 degrees C of the 125I-labeled lipoproteins. Normal Lp(a) was not taken up as readily as either its reduced lipoprotein component or LDL in the various steps of the receptor-mediated pathway. The maximal capacity for Lp(a) in the degradation assay was only 25% of that of LDL and it had a fourfold higher Km. It is therefore probable that the LDL-receptor-mediated pathway is not a major route for the clearance of Lp(a) in vivo. These studies suggest that Lp(a) is, in essence, an LDL-particle to which the protein (a) is attached through disulfide bonds to apoB.
A Textile‐Based Stretchable Multi‐Ion Potentiometric Sensor (2016)

A textile-based wearable multi-ion potentiometric sensor array is described. The printed flexible sensors operate favorably under extreme mechanical strains (that reflect daily activity) while offering attractive real-time noninvasive monitoring of electrolytes such as sodium and potassium.
A class of parallel algorithms for computation of the manipulator inertia matrix (1989)

A class of parallel and parallel/pipeline algorithms for computation of the manipulator inertial matrix is presented. An algorithm based on the composite rigid-body spatial inertia method, which results in less data dependency and hence better parallelization efficiency, is used for computation of the inertia matrix. Two parallel algorithms are developed which achieve the time lower bound of O((log/sub 2/ n))+O(1) in the computation with O(n/sup 2/) processors. The architectural features required for perfect mapping of these algorithms and their communication complexity are analyzed. The performance of the algorithms when mapped on two- and one-dimensional (linear) processor arrays with nearest-neighbor connection is investigated. Mapping on the linear array results in new algorithms with a computational complexity of k/sub 1/n(log/sub 2/n)+k/sub 2/(log/sub 2/n)+k/sub 3/. A parallel/pipeline algorithm is also presented which achieves the computation time of k/sub 1/n+k/sub 2/(log/sub 2/ n)+k/sub 3/ on the linear array. An architecture-oriented approach is used in the design of the algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Basic characteristics of high-frequency Stark-effect modulation of CO&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;lasers (1971)

The molecular Stark effect and its application to the modulation of infrared laser radiation have been investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Using a density matrix approach, a quantum mechanical description of the effect of a time-varying electric field on the absorption coefficient and refractive index of a molecular gas near an absorption line has been formulated. For modulation applications a quantity known as the "modulation depth" is of prime importance. Theoretical expressions for the frequency dependence of the modulation depth show that the response to the frequency of a time-varying Stark field is separated into a nondispersive and a dispersive region, depending on whether the modulating frequency is less than or greater than the homogeneous absorption linewidth. Experimental results showing nondispersive modulation at frequencies to 30 MHz are presented. In addition it is shown that the response of modulation depth to Stark field amplitude is separated into linear and nonlinear regions, the field at which nonlinearities begin being determined by the absorption spectrum of the molecule being used.
Urinary excretion and blood level of prions in scrapie-infected hamsters (2007)

Prions, infectious agents causing transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE), are composed primarily of the pathogenic form (PrP(Sc)) of the host-encoded prion protein. Although very low levels of infectivity have been detected in urine from scrapie-infected rodents, no reports of urinary PrP(Sc) have been substantiated. Studies on the dynamics of urinary PrP(Sc) during infection are needed to ensure the safety of urine-derived biopharmaceuticals and to assess the possible horizontal transmission of prion diseases. Using the protein misfolding cyclic amplification technique, a time-course study of urinary excretion and blood levels of PrP(Sc) was performed in Sc237-infected hamsters and a high rate of PrP(Sc) excretion was found during the terminal stage of the disease. Following oral administration, PrP(Sc) was present in all buffy coat samples examined; it was also present in most of the plasma samples obtained from hamsters in the symptomatic stage. PrP(Sc) was excreted in urine for a few days after oral administration; subsequently, urinary PrP(Sc) was not detected until the terminal disease stage. These results represent the first biochemical detection of PrP(Sc) in urine from TSE-infected animals.
Use of Alkaline Phosphatase for the Analysis of Tannins in Grapes and Red Wines (1999)

Tannins are the most abundant class of phenolics in grape berries and are the predominant determinants of astringency in red wines. We have adapted a microtiter plate assay that was first described for persimmon tannin, so that it can be used for analysis of tannins in grapes and wines. Our modification incorporates a high salt wash step that is thought to remove non-specifically bound alkaline phosphatase enzyme that is used to detect tannin in the analysis. Application of the plate binding assay to fractions collected from a normal phase HPLC separation of seed tannins indicates that the assay only detects tannins having more than three flavan-3-ol subunits. The standard assay uses bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the protein bound to the microtiter plate, but we have found that casein or gelatin can be substituted for BSA in the assay. Results show that the microtiter plate assay can be used to monitor extraction of tannin from grape skins and seeds into a model wine solution. We have developed a new protein precipitation assay for grape and wine tannin that is based on the tannin9s ability to co-precipitate alkaline phosphatase and BSA from a mixture of the two proteins. The tannin-protein precipitate is pelleted by centrifugation and washed to remove residual unprecipitated alkaline phosphatase. The tannin-protein complex is then dissolved in a 1 <i>M</i> diethanolamine buffer pH 9.4 and the amount of alkaline phosphatase activity in the dissociated precipitate is determined by addition of <i>p</i>-nitrophenylphosphate substrate. The amount of alkaline phosphatase activity in the redissolved pellet was shown to be proportional to the amount of seed tannin used to form the precipitate. Because the solution assay is easy to perform and requires only a spectrophotometer, it should be suitable for use even in small winery laboratories.
Segmentation of Retinal Arteries in Adaptive Optics Images (2014)

In this paper, we present a method for automatically segmenting the walls of retinal arteries in adaptive optics images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method addressing this problem in such images. To achieve this goal, we propose to model these walls as four curves approximately parallel to a common reference line located near the center of vessels. Once this line is detected, the curves are simultaneously positioned as close as possible to the borders of walls using an original tracking procedure to cope with deformations along vessels. Then, their positioning is refined using a deformable model embedding a parallelism constraint. Such an approach enables us to control the distance of the curves to their reference line and improve the robustness to image noise. This model was evaluated on healthy subjects by comparing the results against segmentations from physicians. Noticeably, the error introduced by this model is smaller or very near the inter-physicians error.
Catalytic performance and hydrothermal durability of CeO2–V2O5–ZrO2/WO3–TiO2 based NH3-SCR catalysts (2012)

Ceria modified V2O5–ZrO2/WO3–TiO2 catalysts with different Ce loading (0, 5, 10 wt%) have been evaluated in the NH3-SCR process before and after hydrothermal aging (750 °C, 10 wt% H2O/air for 12 h). Compared with only Zr containing catalysts, addition of Ce greatly enhances the low temperature activity of the fresh catalyst, but it deactivates obviously after aging. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, H2-TPR and DRIFTS. The results suggest that not only the enrichment of Ce3+ and the increased redox properties, but also the more active adsorbed nitrates on CeO2 modified catalysts benefit the SCR reaction. The catalyst deactivation after aging is mainly due to the sintering and segregation of CeO2 on the catalysts surface, suggesting the poor hydrothermal stability of the Ce component. However, additional provided NO2 will compensate for the activity loss due to hydrothermal aging and significantly improve the low temperature SCR activity, suggesting a high NO2 sensitivity of the Ce component. Moreover, it was found that a ceria, zirconia containing catalyst exhibits superior SCR activities, with both the fresh and aged 1%V2O5–10%CeO2–10%ZrO2/WO3–TiO2 catalysts showing high NOx conversions (>95%) and selectivity to N2 (>98%) in a wide temperature range of 200–500 °C, at a space velocity of 120 000 h−1 in a simulated exhaust containing 500 ppm NOx (NO2/NO = 1) and 5% H2O.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass-Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) Based Microbial Identifications: Challenges and Scopes for Microbial Ecologists (2016)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) based biotyping is an emerging technique for high-throughput and rapid microbial identification. Due to its relatively higher accuracy, comprehensive database of clinically important microorganisms and low-cost compared to other microbial identification methods, MALDI-TOF MS has started replacing existing practices prevalent in clinical diagnosis. However, applicability of MALDI-TOF MS in the area of microbial ecology research is still limited mainly due to the lack of data on non-clinical microorganisms. Intense research activities on cultivation of microbial diversity by conventional as well as by innovative and high-throughput methods has substantially increased the number of microbial species known today. This important area of research is in urgent need of rapid and reliable method(s) for characterization and de-replication of microorganisms from various ecosystems. MALDI-TOF MS based characterization, in our opinion, appears to be the most suitable technique for such studies. Reliability of MALDI-TOF MS based identification method depends mainly on accuracy and width of reference databases, which need continuous expansion and improvement. In this review, we propose a common strategy to generate MALDI-TOF MS spectral database and advocated its sharing, and also discuss the role of MALDI-TOF MS based high-throughput microbial identification in microbial ecology studies.
Green Cloud Computing: Balancing Energy in Processing, Storage, and Transport (2010)

Network-based cloud computing is rapidly expanding as an alternative to conventional office-based computing. As cloud computing becomes more widespread, the energy consumption of the network and computing resources that underpin the cloud will grow. This is happening at a time when there is increasing attention being paid to the need to manage energy consumption across the entire information and communications technology (ICT) sector. While data center energy use has received much attention recently, there has been less attention paid to the energy consumption of the transmission and switching networks that are key to connecting users to the cloud. In this paper, we present an analysis of energy consumption in cloud computing. The analysis considers both public and private clouds, and includes energy consumption in switching and transmission as well as data processing and data storage. We show that energy consumption in transport and switching can be a significant percentage of total energy consumption in cloud computing. Cloud computing can enable more energy-efficient use of computing power, especially when the computing tasks are of low intensity or infrequent. However, under some circumstances cloud computing can consume more energy than conventional computing where each user performs all computing on their own personal computer (PC).
Kinetics of inhibition of polyphenol oxidase obtained from tobacco nicotiana tobacum (2012)

In this study, the kinetics of inhibition of polyphenol oxidase by L-cysteine has been investigated. The inhibition of tobacco polyphenol oxidase was studied using the progress-of-substrate-reaction method proposed by Tsou, following the substrate reaction during irreversible inhibition of the enzyme activity. Analysis of the inhibition kinetics shows that inhibition occurs by an irreversible and non-complexation reaction. The microscopic rate constants were determined for reaction of the inhibitor both with the free enzyme and with the enzyme-substrate complex. The results show that the presence of the substrate has a significant protective effect of the enzyme against inactivation by L-cysteine.
Very-high-performance concrete with ultrafine powders (2002)

The compactness and fluidity of binary and ternary compound paste systems containing ultrafine powders such as pulverized fly ash (PFA), pulverized granulated blast furnace slag (PS) and silica fume (SF) were quantitatively studied with the relative density (d/d0) index. Through optimization of the proportions of compositions and applying heat treatment to specimens, a very-high-performance concrete (VHPC) including large quantities of ultrafine powders has been made successfully, which offers compressive strength up to 200 MPa. Two methods of overcoming the brittleness of VHPC were investigated.