gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Continuously Reconfiguring Multi-Microprocessor Flight Control System. (1981)

Recent research at the US Air Force Wright Aeronautical Laboratories (Flight Dynamics Lab) has resulted in the development of a promising microprocessor-based flight control system design. This system is characterized by a collection of cooperatively autonomous distributed microcomputers interconnected by an arbitrary number of common serial multiplex busses. Each processor in the system independently determines its assignments using a simple algorithm that dynamically redistributes system functions from processor to processor in a never-ending process of reconfiguration. This approach offers several benefits in terms of system reliability, and the architecture in general incorporates many state-of-the-art features which promise improved system throughput, expandability, and above all, ease of programming.
A Topology-Based Model for Estimating the Diagnostic Efficiency of Statistics-Based Approaches (2012)

Spectrum-based fault localization (SFL) and dynamic code coverage (DCC) are two statistics-based fault localization techniques used in software fault diagnosis. Due to their nature (statistical analysis of the coverage information), the best technique of the two depends greatly on the system under test code structure and size. We propose a lightweight, topology-based analysis to quickly estimate the project under test coverage matrix when executed, based on the source code structure. This analysis will choose which fault localization technique to use by creating an hierarchical model of the system. To validate our proposed approach, an empirical evaluation was performed, injecting faults in six real-world software projects. We have demonstrated that using the topology-based analysis to choose the best fault localization technique provides a better execution time performance on average (23%) than using DCC (9%), when comparing to SFL.
Aspartate-27 and glutamate-473 are involved in catalysis by Zymomonas mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase (1999)

Zymomonas mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1) was subjected to site-directed mutagenesis at two acidic residues near the thiamin diphosphate cofactor in the active site. Asp-27 was changed to Glu or Asn, and Glu-473 was mutated to Asp (E473D) or Gln (E473Q). Each mutant protein was purified to near-homogeneity, and the kinetic and cofactor-binding properties were compared with those of the wild-type protein. Despite the very conservative nature of these alterations, all mutants had a very low, but measurable, specific activity ranging from 0.025% (E473Q) to 0.173% (E473D) of the wild type. With the exception of E473Q, the mutants showed small decreases in the affinity for thiamin diphosphate, and binding of the second cofactor (Mg2+) was also weakened somewhat. With E473Q, both cofactors seemed to be very tightly bound so that they were not removed by the treatment that was effective for the wild-type enzyme and other mutant forms. All mutants showed minor changes in the Km for substrate, but these alterations did not account for the low activities. These low specific activities, accompanied by little change in the Km for pyruvate, are consistent with a quantitative model of the catalytic cycle in which the main effect of the mutations is to slow the decarboxylation step with a minor change in the rate constant for pyruvate binding.
The neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of psychotropic agents (2009)

Accumulating evidence suggests that psychotropic agents such as mood stabilizers, antidepressants, and antipsychotics realize their neurotrophic/neuroprotective effects by activating the mitogen activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase, PI3-kinase, and wingless/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 signaling pathways. These agents also upregulate the expression of trophic/protective molecules such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, B-cell lymphoma 2, serine-threonine kinase, and Bcl-2 associated athanogene 1, and inactivate proapoptotic molecules such as GSK-3. They also promote neurogenesis and are protective in models of neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia. Most if not all, of this evidence was collected from animal studies that used clinically relevant treatment regimens. Furthermore, human imaging studies have found that these agents increase the volume and density of brain tissue, as well as levels of N-acetyl aspartate and glutamate in selected brain regions. Taken together, these data suggest that the neurotrophic/neuroprotective effects of these agents have broad therapeutic potential in the treatment; not only of mood disorders and schizophrenia, but also neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia.
Graph-based Methods for Interactive Image Segmentation (2011)

The subject of digital image analysis deals with extracting relevant information from image data, stored in digital form in a computer. A fundamental problem in image analysis is image segmentation, i.e., the identification and separation of relevant objects and structures in an image. Accurate segmentation of objects of interest is often required before further processing and analysis can be performed. Despite years of active research, fully automatic segmentation of arbitrary images remains an unsolved problem. Interactive, or semi-automatic, segmentation methods use human expert knowledge as additional input, thereby making the segmentation problem more tractable. The goal of interactive segmentation methods is to minimize the required user interaction time, while maintaining tight user control to guarantee the correctness of the results. Methods for interactive segmentation typically operate under one of two paradigms for user guidance: (1) Specification of pieces of the boundary of the desired object(s). (2) Specification of correct segmentation labels for a small subset of the image elements. These types of user input are referred to as boundary constraints and regional constraints, respectively. This thesis concerns the development of methods for interactive segmentation, using a graph-theoretic approach. We view an image as an edge weighted graph, whose vertex set is the set of image elements, and whose edges are given by an adjacency relation among the image elements. Due to its discrete nature and mathematical simplicity, this graph based image representation lends itself well to the development of efficient, and provably correct, methods. The contributions in this thesis may be summarized as follows: Existing graph-based methods for interactive segmentation are modified to improve their performance on images with noisy or missing data, while maintaining a low computational cost. Fuzzy techniques are utilized to obtain segmentations from which feature measurements can be made with increased precision. A new paradigm for user guidance, that unifies and generalizes regional and boundary constraints, is proposed. The practical utility of the proposed methods is illustrated with examples from the medical field.
Blade and Shaft Crack Detection Using Torsional Vibration Measurements Part 3: Field Application Demonstrations (2001)

The primary goal of the this paper is to summarize field demonstrations of the feasibility of detecting changes in blade and shaft natural frequencies (such as those associated with a blade or shaft crack) on operating machinery using non-contact, non- intrusive measurement methods. Laboratory demonstration of feasibility and some special signal processing issues were addressed in Parts 1 and 2 [1, 2]. Part 3 primarily addresses the results of application of this non-intrusive torsional vibration sensing to: a large wind tunnel fan; a jet engine high-pressure disk; a hydro station turbine; and to a large coal- fired power plant induced-draft (ID) fan motors. During the operation of rotating equipment, torsional natural frequencies are excited by turbulence, friction, and other random forces. Laboratory testing was conducted to affirm the potential of this method for diagnostics and prognostics of blade and shafting systems. Field installation at the NASA Ames National Full-Scale Aerodynamic Facility (NFAC) reaffirmed the ability to detect both shaft and blade modes. Installation on a high-pressure (HP) disk in a jet engine test cell at General Electric Aircraft Engines demonstrated that the fundamental mode of the turbine blades was clearly visible during operation. Field installation at a hydro power station demonstrated that the first few shaft natural frequencies were visible, and correlated well with finite element results. Finally, field installation on the ID fan motors also showed the first few shaft torsional modes. These field tests have resulted in high confidence in the feasibility of the application of this technique for diagnosing and tracking shaft and blade cracks in operating machinery.
ESD robust integrated output device for smart power ICs (2005)

An integrated lateral output device is presented which has a very high degree of ESD robustness. The high ESD robustness is achieved with negligible increase in the overall size of the output device. Such an integrated device is ideally suited for high voltage output pins requiring low on-state resistance (Rdson) with stringent system level IEC requirements.
Preparation and substituent effect in the solvolysis of 1-ethynylcyclopropyl tosylates (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and substituent effect in the solvolysis of 1-ethynylcyclopropyl tosylatesJ. SalaunCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 7, 1237–1240Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00869a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00869a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views731Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhancing reality in the operating room (2002)

Three dimensional computer models of the anatomy generated from volume acquisitions of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are useful adjuncts to 2D images. This paper describes a system that merges the computer generated 3D models with live video to enhance the surgeon's understanding of the anatomy beneath the surface. The system can be used as a planning aid before the operation and provide additional information during an operation. The application of the system to a brain operation is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The model of cytokine release syndrome in CAR T-cell treatment for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2020)

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of haematologic malignancies. However, the accompanying adverse events, the most common of which is cytokine release syndrome (CRS), substantially limit its wide application. Due to its unique physiological characteristics, CRS in CAR T-cell treatment for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) may exhibit some special features. Although existing guidelines had greatly promoted the recognition and management of CRS, many recommendations are not fully applicable to B-NHL. Therefore, it is imperative to identify responses that are specific to CRS observed following CAR T treatment for B-NHL. Based on underlying biological processes and known pathophysiological mechanisms, we tentatively propose a new model to illustrate the occurrence and evolution of CAR T-cell-therapy-related CRS in B-NHL. In this model, tumour burden and bone marrow suppression are considered determinants of CRS. Novel phenomena after CAR T-cell infusion (such as local inflammatory response) are further identified. The proposed model will help us better understand the basic biology of CRS and recognize and manage it more rationally.
Experimental Study on Sheltering Effect of Ice-Breaking Structure to Pile (2007)

The north part of Liaodong Gulf suffers the most serious ice trouble among all ice-infested regions in Bohai Sea during winter. Liaohe Oil Field’s shoal areas are located there, which cover a wide area from the coastal to 5 m depth of water. Distribution of sea ice and the ways of interaction between sea ice sheet and structures are very complex. According to the field observation of ice damage in Liaohe Oil Field’s shoal areas, this paper develops a new pattern ice-breaking structure that can be applied to the shoal of floating ice-duckbilled structure. A series of experiments have been performed to test the efficiency of the structure protecting pile behind. The result shows that this structure has an obvious effect of ice-breaking, and also has a high value of popularity and application.
SOLDER MATERIALS WITH MICRO AND NANOPARTICLES: A REVIEW (2015)

EU legislation requires that lead and other critical alloying elements have to be removed or replaced\nby non-hazardous element in the certain segments of the soldering technology. The mechanical and\nthermal properties, such as tensile strength and melting point, of the newly developed lead-free solder\nalloys differsignificantly from the previously used lead-tin solders. Nowadays researchers deal with\nnanostructured solders that are capable of changing these properties.\nThe melting point of the solder can be reduced by paste solder from metal nanoparticles and the\nmechanical properties can be improved by a non-soluble nanoparticle-reinforced nanocomposite\nsolder. The results of research on nanostructured solders are collected in this review.
Pd(II)-Catalyzed Primary-C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H Acyloxylation at Room Temperature (2012)

With the aid of a novel S-methyl-S-2-pyridyl-sulfoximine (MPyS) directing group (DG), the unactivated primary β-C(sp(3))-H bond of MPyS-N-amides oxidizes at room temperature. The catalytic conditions are applicable to the diacetoxylation of primary β,β'-C(sp(3))-H bonds, and the carboxylic acid solvent is pivotal in the formation of the C-O bond. The MPyS-DG cleaves from the oxidation products and is recovered. This method provides convenient access to α,α'-disubstituted-β-hydroxycarboxylic acids.
Commensal <i>Bifidobacterium</i> promotes antitumor immunity and facilitates anti–PD-L1 efficacy (2015)

T cell infiltration of solid tumors is associated with favorable patient outcomes, yet the mechanisms underlying variable immune responses between individuals are not well understood. One possible modulator could be the intestinal microbiota. We compared melanoma growth in mice harboring distinct commensal microbiota and observed differences in spontaneous antitumor immunity, which were eliminated upon cohousing or after fecal transfer. Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA identified Bifidobacterium as associated with the antitumor effects. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium alone improved tumor control to the same degree as programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1)-specific antibody therapy (checkpoint blockade), and combination treatment nearly abolished tumor outgrowth. Augmented dendritic cell function leading to enhanced CD8(+) T cell priming and accumulation in the tumor microenvironment mediated the effect. Our data suggest that manipulating the microbiota may modulate cancer immunotherapy.
Highly porous CO<sub>2</sub> hydrate generation aided by silica nanoparticles for potential secure storage of CO<sub>2</sub> and desalination (2017)

We report a new way of storing CO<sub>2</sub> in a highly porous hydrate structure, stabilized by silica nanoparticles (NPs).
Simulations of Ultrasonographic Periodontal Probe Using the Finite Integration Technique (2009)

Periodontal disease is one of the most pervasive dental diseases in older adults. It involves the loss of connective tissue attachment with subsequent destruction of tooth-supporting bone, leading to loss of teeth. Periodontal pocket depth is currently measured with an invasive manual probe, but adapting diagnostic ultrasound to this purpose can avoid the pain and inaccuracy inherent in manual probing. In this paper, 3D simulations of ultrasonic periodontal probe measurements are described, using a parallel finite integration technique which is adaptable enough to create realistic anatomical geometries. The outputs of the simulation include 3D pressure values distributed throughout the periodontal anatomy, 2D vertical cross sections of the acoustic pressure waves, and the pressure across the face of the transducer which is used to synthesize the ultrasonic echo. Experimental comparison with a simple phantom is also shown. Lastly, the energy values for different simulations are calculated from the 3D pressure values to describe the amount of energy reaching different zones, especially the junctional epithelium. The simulations as well as the energy studies show that only a small portion of the ultrasonic energy is reaching the junctional epithelium, and so sophisticated mathematical techniques are required to ultrasonically measure pocket depth.
Flow and Cold Heat-Storage Characteristics of Phase-Change Emulsion in a Coiled Double-Tube Heat Exchanger (1995)

This paper dealt with the flow and cold heat-storage characteristics of the oil (tetradecane, C14H30, freezing point 278.9 K)/water emulsion as a latent heat-storage material having a low melting point. A coiled double-tube heat exchanger was used for the cold heat-storage experiment. The pressure drop, the heat transfer coefficient, and the finishing time of cold heat storage in the coiled tube were measured as experimental parameters. It was understood that the flow behavior of the emulsion as a non-New-tonian fluid had an important role in the present cold heat storage. The useful nondi-mensional correlation equations for the additional pressure loss coefficient, the heat transfer coefficient, and the cold heat storage time were derived in terms of modified Dean number and heat capacity ratio.
NMR Line Shape‐Spin‐Lattice Relaxation Correlation Study of Portland Cement Hydration (1985)

The proton free induction decay of a portland cement paste in an advanced stage of hydration can be roughly divided into three main components: (1) a component with a very short spin‐spin relaxation time, T 2 , representing the protons of the solid OH groups and the water of crystallization, (2) a component with an intermediate T, representing the bonded water in the gel phase, and (3) a third component with a relatively long T 2 representing the water in the micropores and layers. The dependences of the intensities, T 2 's, and spin‐lattice relaxation times (T 1 's) of these three components on the cement hardening time have been determined. The proton spin‐lattice relaxation time of the “solid” component increases with hardening time whereas T 1 decreases for the other two components. The observed time dependence of the diffusion coefficient, D, of water in a tricalcium silicate paste supports the findings of the above correlation study.
The UAS of the yeast PGK gene is composed of multiple functional elements (1988)

The UAS (upstream activator sequence) of the yeast PGK gene contains a transcriptional activator domain located between bases -479 and -402 upstream from the initiating ATG. This region of the UAS contains three direct repeats of the sequence 5'CTTCC3'. The roles in transcriptional activation of these repeats and other sequences within the activator domain were investigated. When short regions containing the repeats were removed PGK expression was considerably reduced, the magnitude of the effect depended upon which CTTCC block was absent. Sequences between -473 and -458 which did not contain a CTTCC block were also shown to be necessary for high levels of PGK expression. A DNA fragment containing activator sequences up to -473 was shown to interact specifically in vitro with a yeast nuclear protein extract. DNase I footprinting identified a protected region between -473 and -458 and single base changes in DNase I sensitivity at the CTTCC repeats.
Multispectral Fluorescence Ultramicroscopy: Three-Dimensional Visualization and Automatic Quantification of Tumor Morphology, Drug Penetration, and Antiangiogenic Treatment Response (2014)

Classic histology still represents the gold standard in tumor tissue analytics. However, two-dimensional analysis of single tissue slides does not provide a representative overview of the inhomogeneous tumor physiology, and a detailed analysis of complex three-dimensional structures is not feasible with this technique. To overcome this problem, we applied multispectral fluorescence ultramicroscopy (UM) to the field of tumor analysis. Optical sectioning of cleared tumor specimen provides the possibility to three-dimensionally acquire relevant tumor parameters on a cellular resolution. To analyze the virtual UM tumor data sets, we created a novel set of algorithms enabling the fully automatic segmentation and quantification of multiple tumor parameters. This new postmortem imaging technique was applied to determine the therapeutic treatment effect of bevacizumab on the vessel architecture of orthotopic KPL-4 breast cancer xenografts at different time points. A significant reduction of the vessel volume, number of vessel segments, and branching points in the tumor periphery was already detectable 1 day after initiation of treatment. These parameters remained virtually unchanged in the center of the tumor. Furthermore, bevacizumab-induced vessel normalization and reduction in vascular permeability diminished the penetration behavior of trastuzumab-Alexa 750 into tumor tissue. Our results demonstrated that this newimaging method enables the three-dimensional visualization and fully automatic quantification of multiple tumor parameters and drug penetration on a cellular level. Therefore,UM is a valuable tool for cancer research and drug development. It bridges the gap between common macroscopic and microscopic imaging modalities and opens up new three-dimensional (3D) insights in tumor biology.
勘探前沿：石油地震勘探将向新领域发展——发展石油地震勘探新技术，对深水、极地、非常规资源等勘探新领域进行勘探开发 (2012)

未来油气勘探将朝着非常规、深水和极地等新领域发展。世界超过2／5的油气资源为致密气、煤层气、页岩气、页岩油等非常规资源。深水油气探明可采储量约有100亿t油当量，北极圈以北地区约有900亿bbl可采石油、1670万亿ft3可采天然气和440亿bbl可采天然气液。但这些新领域的石油地震勘探面临着诸多挑战，加强合作是解决这些挑战的重要手段，而新一代地震采集装备与技术、全波反演和全波形成像技术、非常规油气勘探开发地震综合方案以及随钻地震技术则是未来非常规油气地震勘探中需要的技术。