gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delivery of Flightless I Neutralizing Antibody from Porous Silicon Nanoparticles Improves Wound Healing in Diabetic Mice (2016)

Flightless I (Flii) is elevated in human chronic wounds and is a negative regulator of wound repair. Decreasing its activity improves healing responses. Flii neutralizing antibodies (FnAbs) decrease Flii activity in vivo and hold significant promise as healing agents. However, to avoid the need for repeated application in a clinical setting and to protect the therapeutic antibody from the hostile environment of the wound, suitable delivery vehicles are required. In this study, the use of porous silicon nanoparticles (pSi NPs) is demonstrated for the controlled release of FnAb to diabetic wounds. We achieve FnAb loading regimens exceeding 250 µg antibody per mg of vehicle. FnAb-loaded pSi NPs increase keratinocyte proliferation and enhance migration in scratch wound assays. Release studies confirm the functionality of the FnAb in terms of Flii binding. Using a streptozotocin-induced model of diabetic wound healing, a significant improvement in healing is observed for mice treated with FnAb-loaded pSi NPs compared to controls, including FnAb alone. FnAb-loaded pSi NPs treated with proteases show intact and functional antibody for up to 7 d post-treatment, suggesting protection of the antibodies from proteolytic degradation in wound fluid. pSi NPs may therefore enable new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of diabetic ulcers.
Role of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/PTEN/Akt kinase pathway in the overexpression of fatty acid synthase in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. (2002)

One of the most common molecular changes in cancer cells is the overexpression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), a key metabolic enzyme catalyzing the terminal steps in the synthesis of long chain saturated fatty acids. As part of our efforts to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for FAS overexpression, we have addressed the question whether overexpression of FAS may be linked to the frequently observed inactivation of PTEN and subsequent activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3k) pathway. Using LNCaP prostate cancer cells as an experimental paradigm of FAS-overexpressing PTEN-null cancer cells, we demonstrate that LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3k pathway causes a dramatic decrease in FAS protein expression. Smaller but still substantial effects are seen at the FAS mRNA level and at the level of transcriptional activity of FAS promoter-reporter constructs. Consistent with these findings, reintroduction of PTEN results in decreased levels of FAS expression in a manner that is dependent on its lipid phosphatase activity. In support of a role for Akt/protein kinase B as a downstream effector, cotransfection of constitutively active Akt1/protein kinase B alpha abrogates the inhibitory effects of PTEN expression and restores FAS promoter activity. Taken together, these results demonstrate that inactivation of PTEN and subsequent activation of the PI3k/Akt kinase pathway may play an important role in the overexpression of the FAS protein in cancer cells.
Pt Band Formation Enhances the Stability of Fuel Cell Membranes (2013)

Enhancing the durability of fuel cells for the transportation sector requires a better understanding of the fundamental processes that cause degradation. Field-operated PEMFCs have been shown to develop a thin parallel band of Pt inside the membrane. Reports on the effect of the Pt band on membrane durability are contradictory. Here, we examined the influence of the Pt band by performing in situ and ex situ membrane degradation tests. We report that the Pt band significantly decreases the rate of membrane degradation, thereby enhancing its longevity.
Hybrid Solar Lighting (2008)

Hybrid solar lighting systems focus highly concentrated sunlight into a fiber optic bundle to provide sunlight in rooms without windows or conventional skylights.
Optimization of an Electrically-Heated Catalytic Converter System Calculations and Application (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">From SAE-Papers and several publications, the easy, effective function and management of an EHC-System is well known. The direction of the development is now to reduce the electrical energy consumption and to show the mechanical durability of the heating structure. This paper shows that it is possible to minimize the energy consumption and that the required service life can be in principle achieved with the introduction of these developments.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The physical characteristics such as mass, geometrical surface area, cell density and electrical resistance of the EHC construction could be optimized to save energy. This, in conjunction with the operating parameters of the engine, the controlling of the secondary air and the catalyst configuration, will enable the goals to be met. The design of the converter, the physical characteristics and the results of the tests are shown with the Porsche 944 S2 and 968 applications. To further understand thermomechanical durability behavior, thermo-cycling, vibration analysis and high mileage durability tests on vehicle were carried out.</div>
A data warehouse/online analytic processing framework for web usage mining and business intelligence reporting (2004)

Web usage mining is the application of data mining techniques to discover usage patterns and behaviors from web data (clickstream, purchase information, customer information, etc.) in order to understand and serve e-commerce customers better and improve the online business. In this article, we present a general data warehouse/online analytic processing (OLAP) framework for web usage mining and business intelligence reporting. When we integrate the web data warehouse construction, data mining, and OLAP into the e-commerce system, this tight integration dramatically reduces the time and effort for web usage mining, business intelligence reporting, and mining deployment. Our data warehouse/OLAP framework consists of four phases: data capture, webhouse construction (clickstream marts), pattern discovery and cube construction, and pattern evaluation and deployment. We discuss data transformation operations for web usage mining and business reporting in clickstream, session, and customer levels; describe the problems and challenging issues in each phase in detail; provide plausible solutions to the issues; and demonstrate the framework with some examples from some real web sites. Our data warehouse/OLAP framework has been integrated into some commercial e-commerce systems. We believe this data warehouse/OLAP framework would be very useful for developing any real-world web usage mining and business intelligence reporting systems. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Test and repair of large embedded DRAMs. 2 (2002)

For pt. 1 see ibid., p. 163-172 (2001). The era of embedded DRAM (eDRAM) in systems-on-silicon and in multimillion gate ASICs is upon us. As process developers and logic designers succeed in offering highly integrated functions to their customers, the test engineer is left with the seemingly impossible task of guaranteeing that the eDRAM utilized in these advanced chips has the same high test coverage and outgoing quality level as the customer has come to expect with discrete DRAM. Unfortunately, some of the very attributes that make eDRAM attractive to the ASIC designer i.e., high bandwidth with high I/O bus width and thus high macro pin count, make it very difficult to test when isolated from the chip terminals by various levels of logic and instantiated multiple times in the hierarchy. Several differing approaches have been taken to attempt to optimize the test of the embedded memory in these complex chips. This paper investigates two such approaches that have been developed: the ASIC-centric approach and the semi-custom, high volume solution, and discuss some details of their differing methodology and motivations for their varying directions.
Fire Impact on Wood: The Next Five Years (2007)

A forecast of effects of fire regulations on ten wood product categories in the next five years is presented. With more federal regulations anticipated, fire properties of products sold in the marketplace will be affected. Each product is discussed with emphasis on significant fire performance categories. If tests demonstrate potential hazards such as flame-spread, ease of ignition, or toxicity of combustion products for any wood products, appro-propriate improvements must be made.
Materials Issues for the Heterogeneous Integration of III-V Compounds (2006)

, , , and were investigated for layer transfer to other III-V substrates using hydrogen ion exfoliation and wafer bonding to develop III-V based wafer bonded templates for subsequent epitaxial growth of device structures. High-resolution X-ray diffraction was proven to be particularly helpful in this investigation enabling nondestructive testing of the initial implantation profile as well as the strain relief (associated with the diffusion of hydrogen and other point defects) after various annealing sequences. The kinetics of exfoliation for many different III-V materials (including , , , and ) showed similar dependence on the processing temperature relative to the material melting temperature (and other materials parameters), i.e., lower melting temperature materials required lower temperature processing to retain the implanted hydrogen for exfoliation. In all of these cases, a multiple annealing sequence was shown to produce the most efficient exfoliation.
Abnormal Motion in Spondylolytic Spondylolisthesis (2005)

A proportion of patients with spondylolisthesis had highly abnormal movements but ones with normal magnitudes of motion. Determining the instantaneous axes of rotation reveals the abnormal quality of motion.
The essence of compiling with continuations (1993)

In order to simplify the compilation process, many compilers for higher-order languages use the continuation-passing style (CPS) transformation in a first phase to generate an intermediate representation of the source program. The salient aspect of this intermediate form is that all procedures take an argument that represents the rest of the computation (the “continuation”). Since the nai¨ve CPS transformation considerably increases the size of programs, CPS compilers perform reductions to produce a more compact intermediate representation. Although often implemented as a part of the CPS transformation, this step is conceptually a second phase. Finally, code generators for typical CPS compilers treat continuations specially in order to optimize the interpretation of continuation parameters.
Role of TRAIL and the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homolog Bim in acetaminophen-induced liver damage (2011)

Acetaminophen (N-acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP), paracetamol) is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic agent. Although considered safe at therapeutic doses, accidental or intentional overdose causes acute liver failure characterized by centrilobular hepatic necrosis with high morbidity and mortality. Although many molecular aspects of APAP-induced cell death have been described, no conclusive mechanism has been proposed. We recently identified TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and c-Jun kinase (JNK)-dependent activation of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homolog Bim as an important apoptosis amplification pathway in hepatocytes. In this study, we, thus, investigated the role of TRAIL, c-JNK and Bim in APAP-induced liver damage. Our results demonstrate that TRAIL strongly synergizes with APAP in inducing cell death in hepatocyte-like cells lines and primary hepatocyte. Furthermore, we found that APAP strongly induces the expression of Bim in a c-JNK-dependent manner. Consequently, TRAIL- or Bim-deficient mice were substantially protected from APAP-induced liver damage. This study identifies the TRAIL-JNK-Bim axis as a novel target in the treatment of APAP-induced liver damage and substantiates its general role in hepatocyte death.
Opposing Effects of Transmembrane and Soluble FAS Ligand Expression on Inflammation and Tumor Cell Survival (2000)

Fas ligand (FasL) has been shown to mediate both apoptotic and inflammatory reactions. To rigorously assess the physiological role of different forms of the FasL molecule with regard to these two distinct processes, we isolated stably transfected lymphoma cell lines that expressed either murine wild-type FasL, membrane-only FasL, or functionally distinct forms of soluble FasL. First, the ability of these lines to induce an inflammatory response was assessed in vivo by injecting the transfectants intraperitoneally and measuring subsequent neutrophil extravasation into the peritoneal cavity. Second, lines were assessed by injecting the transfectants subcutaneously and monitoring their growth as solid tumors. Our study clearly demonstrated that the extent of inflammation induced by the transfectants directly correlated with their relative cytotoxic activities. A neutrophil response could only be elicited in mice with intact Fas death domains although Fas expression by the neutrophils was not essential. Lymphoma cells expressing the soluble FasL form corresponding to the natural cleavage product could not trigger apoptosis and did not induce a neutrophil response. In contrast to the other FasL transfectants, these cells survived as tumor transplants. However, expression of soluble FasL was not benign, but actually suppressed the inflammatory response and protected other transfectants from the effector mechanisms elicted by membrane-bound FasL.
Fluorogenic Hg<sup>2+</sup>-Selective Chemodosimeter Derived from 8-Hydroxyquinoline (2006)

[reaction: see text] A new thioamide derivative of 8-hydroxyquinoline-benzothiazole was prepared, and its fluorogenic chemodosimetric behaviors toward transition-metal ions were investigated. The thioamide derivative showed highly Hg2+-selective fluorescence enhancing properties (167-fold) in 30% aqueous acetonitrile solution. The selective and sensitive signaling behaviors were found to originate from the Hg2+ ion induced transformation of the very weak fluorescent thioamide derivative into a highly fluorescent amide analogue.
Aspartic Proteinases in Disease: A Structural Perspective (2002)

The aspartic proteinases are a family of enzymes involved in a number of important biological processes. In animals the enzyme renin has a hypertensive action through its role in the renin-angiotensin system. The retroviral aspartic proteinases, such as the HIV proteinase, are essential for maturation of the virus particle and inhibitors have a proven therapeutic record in the treatment of AIDS. The lysosomal aspartic proteinase cathepsin D has been implicated in tumorigenesis and the stomach enzyme pepsin, which plays a major physiological role in hydrolysis of acid-denatured proteins, is responsible for much of the tissue damage in peptic ulcer disease. Since aspartic proteinases also play major roles in amyloid disease, malaria and common fungal infections such as candidiasis, inhibitors to these enzymes are much sought after as potential therapeutic agents. In all aspartic proteinases, the catalytic aspartate residues are involved in an intricate arrangement of hydrogen bonds involving a solvent molecule which is presumed to be water. The catalytic mechanism is thought to involve nucleophilic attack of the active site water molecule on the scissile bond carbonyl generating a tetrahedral gem-diol intermediate. The design of inhibitors generally involves the use of short oligopeptides containing a transition state analogue which mimic this tetrahedral intermediate. The application of structure-based drug design to members of the aspartic proteinase family is the main subject of this review.
Visual analysis of complex firewall configurations (2012)

Firewalls have become essential components in the security concept of almost any modern computer network. Due to their relevance and central location in the network, their programming logic often survives several generations of administrators and hardware. Understanding the logic behind a firewall configuration is thus an important but challenging task for a network administrator. In general, there is a tendency to add new rules while old rules are only rarely changed or removed due to unexpected consequences in the network. In this paper we present a visualization tool to support the network administrator in this complex task of understanding firewall rule sets and object group definitions. The tool consists of a hierarchical sunburst visualization, which logically groups rules or object groups according to their common characteristics, a color-linked configuration editor and classical tree view components for rules and object groups. All these components are interactively linked to enable both exploratory and hypotheses testing tasks aimed at understanding the complex functionality of a firewall configuration. To verify our design, we present two case studies on the analysis of rule usage and on nested object groups and collected feedback from five firewall administrators.
Modulation of Cellular and Viral Gene Expression by the Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (2001)

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also called human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is the likely etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma and primary effusion lymphoma. Common to these malignancies is that tumor cells are latently infected with KSHV. Viral gene expression is limited to a few genes, one of which is the latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA), the product of ORF73. Examination of the primary sequence of LANA reveals some structural features reminiscent of transcription factors, leading us to hypothesize that LANA may regulate viral and cellular transcription during latency. In reporter gene-based transient transfection assays, we found that LANA can have either positive or negative effects on gene expression. While expression of a reporter gene from several synthetic promoters was increased in the presence of LANA, expression from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR)-and from NF-kappaB-dependent reporter genes-was reduced by LANA expression. In addition, the promoter of KSHV ORF73 itself is activated up to 5.5-fold by LANA. This autoregulation may be important in tumorigenesis, because two other genes (v-cyclin and v-FLIP) with likely roles in cell growth and survival are also controlled by this element. To identify cellular genes influenced by LANA, we employed cDNA array-based expression profiling. Six known genes (and nine expressed sequence tags) were found to be upregulated in LANA-expressing cell lines. One of these, Staf-50, is known to inhibit expression from the HIV LTR; most of the other known genes are interferon inducible, although the interferon genes themselves were not induced by LANA. These data demonstrate that LANA expression has effects on cellular and viral gene expression. We suggest that, whether direct or indirect in origin, these effects may play important roles in the pathobiology of KSHV infection.
Three-dimensional analysis of human movement (1995)

This volume explains the components of three-dimensional analysis of human movement. It provides an understanding of the underlying technology and modelling techniques - including robotics and virtual reality - for the quantification of human movement. Readers should gain insights into methods of capturing, reconstructing and processing 3-D data; concepts of mechanical and neuromuscular modelling; and the application of 3-D analysis.
Design and implementation of a distributed back-up system (2014)

En tant qu'utilisateurs d'ordinateurs, nous générons des données en quantité de plus en plus abondante. Leur importance dans notre vie quotidienne est telle qu'une méthode de sauvegarde s'avère nécessaire. La création de sauvegardes locales est une approche commune, mais insuffisante en cas de vol ou de destruction. Dans cette thèse, nous concevons un système de sauvegarde distribué qui permet de restaurer l'état d'un système de fichiers de manière simple, grâce à la constitution d'instantanés. Nous stockons ces instantanés sur les passerelles résidentielles et utilisons un tracker centralisé pour les coordonner. Nous présentons le concept de fichiers d'indexes qui permet la correspondance entre l'état complet d'un système de fichiers et une structure de donnée. Nous divisons notre système en swarms, rendant l'accès aux données, et son suivi, simple. Les fichiers à sauvegarder sont traités différemment suivant leurs tailles, afin d'améliorer la performance globale du système, et de réduire les ressources nécessaires. Tous les fichiers, ainsi que leurs méta-données, sont chiffrés avant d'être téléchargés afin de garantir leur confidentialité. De plus, nous utilisons les techniques de l'état de l'art afin de rendre le tracker résistant aux pannes, et de pouvoir le remplacer s'il quitte le système. La charge sur le tracker ne dépend que du nombre de participants, et donc pas de la quantité de données stockée. Nous évaluons le système sur base de traces provenant de passerelles résidentielles réelles, avec lesquelles nous démontrons un faible impact global sur les ressources. En leur adjoignant des simulations, nous prouvons la faisabilité de notre service.
The dynamics of major fishery resources in the Bohai Sea (2000)

This research was conducted based on the bottom trawl surveys by season or month from 1959 to 1999 .The dominant species in the Bohai Sea changed obviously from 1959 to 1982 that the high valued ,commercially important species such as small yellow croaker(Pseudosciaena polyactis)，largehead hairtail(T ric hi a rus haumela)，and fleshy prawn(Penaeus chinensis) were replaced by low valued, small sized species such as anchovy(Enyraulis japonicus), half-fin anchovy(Setipinna taty) etc .Although the dominant species in some extent varied between years, the small pelagic fish ,such as anchovy, half-fin anchovy and gizzard fish(Clupanodon punctatus) have dominated the fishery resources since 1980s.During 1998-1999, the biomass of most fishcry species declined to a very low level, particularly the biomasses of small pelagic fish and economic important invertebrate sharply decreased with the reduce of their distribution areas, which directly affected the growth of carnivorous fishes, such as Spanish marckerel(Scomberomorus niphonius).Over exploitation and environmental degradation have broken down the Bohai Sea ecosystem, and reduced its resilience and stability.
Detection and quantification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in environmental samples by real-time PCR (2003)

The ability to quantitatively determine cell counts of E.coli O157:H7 in large numbers of environmental samples, represents considerable advancement in the area of pathogen quantification for risk assessment and transport studies.
A 60 GHz HEMT-MMIC analog frequency divider by two (2005)

Monolithic technologies on GaAs allow us to build complex non-linear circuits at very high frequencies. However accurate predictions of circuit performances can be obtained only if non-linear CAD tools are available. A new method has been proposed allowing to overcome the difficulties encountered with commercial CAD software packages when we want to simulate synchronized circuits. For the first time a 60/30 GHz MMIC analog frequency divider has been designed and processed with a 0.25/spl mu/m HEMT process at the THOMSON-CSF foundry. The results obtained are very close to the predicted performances and allow us to think that broadband analog frequency dividers may now be designed at higher frequencies.
From Slavery and Seminoles to AIDS in South Africa: An Essay on Race and Property in International Law (2000)

Communities, like individuals, often exhibit in early life those characteristics which distinguish