gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A metadata system for information modeling and integration (2002)

Information integration in computerized enterprises entails global modeling and repository systems that represent both data resources and control knowledge of the enterprise. Toward this end, a metadata system has been developed based on the two-stage entity-relationship approach. The system's functions include creation of functional models, structural models, and implementation schemata for both data and knowledge. The mappings between functional and structural models, as well as between structural models and implementation schemata, are automated. Integration of heterogeneous subsystem models across the enterprise is another function of the system. The resulting global conceptual model of the enterprise could be used for administration purposes or further mapped into physical schema for implementation. Management of the metadata repository is a third function. The system supports the creation, storage, and management of the metadatabase as a stand-alone global information resources dictionary for all enterprise users. The creation and population of the metadatabase are fully automated according to the information model. Manipulation and query against the metadatabase are done through a metadata engine, which is implemented using a relational database management system coupled with a Lisp environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Some Properties of Electroless Cobalt (1968)

The nucleation of electroless cobalt deposits, their microstructures and hardnesses, the development of fiber axes and the shape of x‐ray diffraction lines, from which information about particle size, lattice‐fault densities, and microstrain was obtained, were studied. The results are explained in terms of growth inhibition by codeposited phosphorus. Data obtained from the analysis of x‐ray diffraction‐line shapes of some cobalt electrodeposits are appended.
Application of fluorescent triazoles to analytical chemistry. IV. Development of a new fluorescent probe for basic drug-.ALPHA.1-acid glycoprotein binding measurement. (1989)

A fluorescent probe applicable to protein binding measurement was developed. Several 2-phenylbenzotriazolyl-5-amine derivatives having an amino group on the 2-phenyl ring were synthesized. Their fluorescence characteristics and the binding affinity to α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP)were investigated. They were practically non-fluorescent in aqueous solution, but were highly fluorescent in the presence of α1-AGP. This fluorescence was due to the binding of these compounds to α1-AGP. Of all the compounds synthesized, 7-chloro-2-(p-diethylaminophenyl)-2H-benzotriazolyl-5-amine (CDBA) bound to α1-AGP most strongly and was used as a fluorescent probe. The binding parameters of CDBA were estimated by the fluorometric titration method to be log K=6.18 and n=0.40. The fluorescence of CDBA in the α1-AGP solution was markedly quenched in the presence of basic drugs, indicating that these drugs competitively displace CDBA bound to α1-AGP. The binding constants of the basic drugs were calculated, based on the decrease of fluorescence intensity in the presence of the drug. The binding strength of the drugs tested ranged from 4.7 to 6.8 as log K value.
Balancing lifetime and soft-error reliability to improve system availability (2016)

CMOS scaling has greatly increased concerns for lifetime reliability due to permanent faults and soft-error reliability due to transient faults. Most existing works only focus on one of the two reliability concerns, but often times techniques used to increase one type of reliability may adversely impact the other type. A few efforts do consider both types of reliability together and use two different metrics to quantify the two types of reliability. However, for many systems, the concern of the user is to maximize system availability by improving the mean time to failure (MTTF), regardless of whether the failure is caused by permanent faults or transient faults. Addressing this concern requires a uniform metric to measure the effect due to both types of faults. In this paper, we derive a novel analytical expression for calculating the MTTF due to transient faults. Using this new formula and an existing method to evaluate system MTTF, we formulate and solve the problem of maximizing system availability with consideration of permanent faults, transient faults, and throughput constraint. Extensive simulations of synthetic task sets and benchmarks based on real-world applications were performed to validate our algorithm.
A low-noise TTL-compatible CMOS off-chip driver circuit (1995)

Low-noise TTL-compatible off-chip driver (OCD) circuits are very important, especially for low-power electronics, but scaled-down CMOS technology requires a lower operating voltage of 3.3 V, while most applications require 5 V. The dual power-supply requirement makes the design of OCD challenging, first because pull-up devices, especially p-MOS devices, must be able to handle an off-chip voltage of 5.6 V, which is higher than an on-chip VDD of 2.8 V, and second because pull-down devices should be able to discharge a capacitive load of 5.6 V while operating at a minimum on-chip VDD of 2.8 V. This extreme difference in operating voltage makes the circuits susceptible to ringing and performance degradation due to hot-electron effects. In this paper, we describe a low-noise OCD which has been successfully used in IBM second-generation 4Mb low-power DRAM (LPDRAM) and in other products. For pull-ups, two stacked p-MOS devices with floating n-wells are used, but they are operated in different modes dependi ng on the supply voltage. The pull-down devices are basically composed of two stages, one of which is in the diode configuration with its gate and drain shorted together during the pull-down. Detailed circuit designs to achieve low noise while meeting the performance requirements are described.
Unbiased Parallel Detection of Viral Pathogens in Clinical Samples by Use of a Metagenomic Approach (2011)

Viral infectious diseases represent a major threat to public health and are among the greatest disease burdens worldwide. Rapid and accurate identification of viral agents is crucial for both outbreak control and estimating regional disease burdens. Recently developed metagenomic methods have proven to be powerful tools for simultaneous pathogen detection. Here, we performed a systematic study of the capability of the short-read-based metagenomic approach in the molecular detection of viral pathogens in nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections (n = 16). Using the high-throughput capacity of ultradeep sequencing and a dedicated data interpretation method, we successfully identified seven species of known respiratory viral agents from 15 samples, a result that was consistent with results of conventional PCR assays. We also detected a coinfected case that was missed by regular PCR testing. Using the metagenomic data, 11 draft genomes of the abundantly detected viruses in the samples were reconstructed with 21.84% to 98.53% coverage. Our results show the power of the short-read-based metagenomic approach for accurate and parallel screening of viral pathogens. Although there are some inherent difficulties in applying this approach to clinical samples, including a lack of controls, limited specimen quantity, and high contamination rate, our work will facilitate further application of this unprecedented high-throughput method to clinical samples.
Converged heterogeneous optical metro-access networks (2010)

Concepts are described for realizing a versatile converged optical metro-access infrastructure supporting a heterogeneous mix of multiple services from different operators and for different kinds of customers or client systems over a common metro-wide flexible and transparent fiber network.
Data Understanding using Semi-Supervised Clustering (2012)

In the era of E-science, most scientific endeavors depend on intense data analysis to understand the underlying physical phenomenon. Predictive modeling is one of the popular machine learning tasks undertaken in such endeavors. Labeled data used for training the predictive model reflects understanding of the domain. In this paper we introduce data understanding as a computational problem and propose a solution for enhancing domain understanding based on semisupervised clustering The proposed DU-SSC (Data Understanding using SemiSupervised Clustering) algorithm is incremental, parameterless and performs single scan of data. Given labeled (training) data is discretized at user specified resolution and finer (micro) data distributions are identified within classes, along with outliers. The discovery process is based on grouping similar instances in data space, while taking into account the degree of influence each attribute exercises on the class label. Maximal Information Coefficient measure is used during similarity computations for this purpose. The study is supported by experiments and a detailed account of understanding gained is presented for two selected UCI data sets. General observations on nine other UCI datasets are presented, along with experiments that demonstrate use of discovered knowledge for improved classification.
Age-Related Progressive Brachial Artery Endothelial Dysfunction Precedes the Changed Carotid and Left Ventricular Geometry in Healthy Humans (1999)

In this study the authors evaluated correlation between aging and brachial endothelial and vascular smooth muscle dysfunction, changes in carotid geometry, and left ventricular remodeling. Vasomotor influences of brachial endothelium and brachial smooth muscle function to reactive hyperemia and nitroglycerin (400 microg, sublingual spray) were assessed by noninvasive ultrasound in 66 healthy subjects of different ages (20-82 years). Carotid intima-media thickness and left ventricular mass index were also assessed by ultrasound and compared with brachial hemodynamic parameters. All results were analyzed by linear regression analysis. The response of brachial artery diastolic diameter to reactive hyperemia decreased with aging (p<0.0001). Also, the response of brachial artery diastolic diameter to nitroglycerin increased relative to aging (p<0.004). Age-related correlations between increased carotid intima-media thickness and brachial artery diastolic diameter response to reactive hyperemia (p<0.01) as well as between increased carotid intima-media thickness and increased left ventricular mass index (p<0.001) were found. However, there was no correlation between brachial artery diastolic diameter response to reactive hyperemia and increased left ventricular mass index (p>0.05). The study showed that aging influences not only brachial endothelial vasomotor properties but also vascular and cardiac geometry. The authors believe that modern therapeutic approach should take these results into consideration to establish new vasculo-protective and cardioprotective strategies.
Interferon–α Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus Infection After Liver Transplantation (1994)

The aims of this pilot study were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of interferon-alpha 2b for treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in liver transplant recipients, to monitor changes in hepatitis C virus RNA levels with treatment and to determine pretreatment parameters predictive of a complete response. Eighteen patients with documented hepatitis C virus viremia and histological evidence of hepatitis after liver transplantation received 3 million units of alpha interferon three times weekly for at least 4 mo. Pretreatment serum aminotransferase levels were at least 1.5 times the upper limit of normal and no patient had concomitant hepatitis B virus infection. Response to therapy was defined as normalization of both aspartate and alanine aminotransferase at the end of treatment. Five patients (28%) had a complete response, whereas 13 (72%) had persistent elevation of one or both aminotransferases (nonresponders). At the end of therapy, hepatitis C virus RNA levels were reduced in both responders and nonresponders (p = 0.043 and 0.039, respectively by Wilcoxon signed rank test). After cessation of treatment, aminotransferases remained normal in four of five responders but serum hepatitis C virus RNA levels returned to pretreatment levels in responders and nonresponders. There was no significant change in histological score with therapy. Responders were more likely than nonresponders to have low pretreatment hepatitis C virus RNA levels and low serum bilirubin (p = 0.0004 and 0.0077, respectively). Responders tended to have a prolonged interval between transplantation and initiation of therapy (p = 0.10 by rank logistic regression analysis). Side effects resulted in early cessation of therapy in two patients and dose reduction in six.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The crystal structure of trypanothione reductase from the human pathogen <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> at 2.3 Å resolution (1996)

Trypanothione reductase (TR) is an NADPH-dependent flavoprotein unique to protozoan parasites from the genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania and is an important target for the design of improved trypanocidal drugs. We present details of the structure of TR from the human pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent responsible for Chagas' disease or South American trypanosomiasis. The structure has been solved by molecular replacement, using as the starting model the structure of the enzyme from the nonpathogenic Crithidia fasciculata, and refined to an R-factor of 18.9% for 53,868 reflections with F > or = sigma F between 8.0 and 2.3 A resolution. The model comprises two subunits (968 residues), two FAD prosthetic groups, two maleate ions, and 419 water molecules. The accuracy and geometry of the enzyme model is improved with respect to the C. fasciculata enzyme model. The new structure is described and specific features of the enzyme involved in substrate interactions are compared with previous models of TR and related glutathione reductases from human and Escherichia coli. Structural differences at the edge of the active sites suggest an explanation for the differing specificities toward glutathionylspermidine disulfide.
Shape representation and classi .cation using the poisson equation (2004)

Silhouettes contain rich information about the shape of objects that can be used for recognition and classification. We present a novel approach that allows us to reliably compute many useful properties of a silhouette. Our approach assigns for every internal point of the silhouette a value reflecting the mean time required for a random walk beginning at the point to hit the boundaries. This function can be computed by solving Poisson's equation, with the silhouette contours providing boundary conditions. We show how this function can be used to reliably extract various shape properties including part structure and rough skeleton, local orientation and aspect ratio of different parts, and convex and concave sections of the boundaries. In addition to this we discuss properties of the solution and show how to efficiently compute this solution using multi-grid algorithms. We demonstrate the utility of the extracted properties by using them for shape classification.
Multifrequency Tympanometry in Normal Ears (1985)

Susceptance and conductance tympanograms were recorded from 10 normal subjects with probe frequencies ranging from 220 to 910 Hz. Tympanometric shapes progressed through an orderly sequence of patterns, becoming more complex with increasing probe frequency. When the direction of ear-canal air pressure change was from negative to positive values, more complicated tympanometric shapes occurred for all subjects, compared to the positive to negative direction. The results are discussed in relation to the Vanhuyse et al. [Scand. Audiol. 4:45-50, 1975] model of tympanometric shapes. In general, the model is a good first approximation to the distribution of tympanometric patterns from normal ears.
Spectral shaping in chirped-pulse amplification (1990)

The role of spectral shaping in the production of subpicosecond, high-contrast pulses by using chirped-pulse amplification in Nd:glass lasers is described. Spectral shaping has been used to produce 3.2-TW pulses at 750 fsec with an energy contrast of better than 10(3):1. In the absence of shaping, compression of the 1053-nm pulses yielded only 1.5 psec and a contrast ratio of approximately 10:1.
Characteristics of the NANC post‐stimulus (‘rebound’) contraction of the urinary bladder neck muscle in sheep (1995)

1. Strips of muscle from sheep bladder neck were set up for tension recording and subjected to electrical field stimulation (EFS) to stimulate their intramural nerves. 2. In the presence of atropine (1 microM) and guanethidine (1 microM), the response to 1 Hz EFS was biphasic, characterized by a relaxation during the stimulus period, followed by a post-stimulus contraction. A similar biphasic response was also seen following bolus application of nitric oxide (NO). 3. In the absence of atropine and guanethidine, the relaxations were masked by contractions during stimulation; however, the post-stimulus contraction were unaffected. L-NAME (100 microM) blocked the post-stimulus contractions and L-arginine (1 mM) restored them, suggesting that they were NO-mediated. 4. M&B 22948, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, prolonged the relaxations and abolished the post-stimulus contractions. This suggests that rapid removal of cyclic GMP is required for post-stimulus contraction to occur. 5. When the number of pulses in the stimulus train was kept constant, the size of the post-stimulus contraction increased as the duration of the preceding period of stimulation increased. Maximal post-stimulus contractions were obtained following stimulation for > 40 s. 6. The L-channel antagonist, nifedipine (1 microM) and verapamil (1 microM), had little effect on the amplitude of the post-stimulus contractions. 7. In contrast, ryanodine-(8 microM) reduced the post-stimulus contractions by over 90%. Caffeine (20 mM) also abolished the post-stimulus contractions and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, 10 microM) reduced them by 76%. However, in the presence of CPA a slower post-stimulus contraction developed. Nifedipine (1 microM) reduced this by 40%. 8. In conclusion, these results support a role for NO in the post-stimulus contraction of the sheep bladder neck muscle. The post-stimulus contraction depends more on release of intracellular Ca2+, than Ca2+ influx through L-type channels.
[Percutaneous hot water injection therapy (PHoT) for hepatic tumors: a clinical study]. (1993)

Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) has become widely used in the treatment of HCC. However, the indications for this method are limited by the toxicity of ethanol itself. Against this background, the authors turned their attention to the heat coagulation necrosis effect induced by boiled physiological saline (hot water) and devised percutaneous hot water injection therapy (PHoT) as a new local treatment method. PHoT was performed a total of 41 times in 13 patients (16 nodules) with HCCs measuring < or = 3 cm. Changes in AFP values, CT findings, angiographic findings before and after treatment, and histopathological findings of needle biopsy or resected specimen were investigated. AFP values decreased in all of the seven patients who initially showed high values. On CT, all lesions receiving PHoT became hypodense, with this change thought to indicate necrosis. Disappearance of the tumor stain was confirmed in the four patients in whom follow-up angiography was performed. In the six patients in whom needle biopsy was performed, disappearance and scaring of tumor cells were observed, while in the one patient in whom the tumor was resected, complete necrosis of the tumor was confirmed. PHoT, despite a small number of punctures, shows good anti-tumor effects, and has promise not only as a curative local treatment method for small HCCs but also in combination with TAE for large HCCs.
SLEEP-WAKE SCHEDULE DISORDER DISABILITY: A LIFELONG UNTREATABLE PATHOLOGY OF THE CIRCADIAN TIME STRUCTURE (2001)

Certain sleep-wake schedule disorders (SWSDs) cannot be successfully managed clinically using conventional methods of sleep therapy. We describe two cases of SWSD, the first following head trauma and the second originating during childhood, that had been misdiagnosed by physicians for many years. After conventional treatment for SWSD with light therapy and melatonin failed to bring about substantial improvement, it was determined that they were suffering from an incurable disability. Hence, we propose new medical terminology for such cases--SWSD disability. SWSD disability is an untreatable pathology of the circadian time structure. Patients suffering from SWSD disability should be encouraged to accept the fact that they suffer from a permanent disability, and that their quality of life can only be improved if they are willing to undergo rehabilitation. It is imperative that physicians recognize the medical condition of SWSD disability in their patients and bring it to the notice of the public institutions responsible for vocational and social rehabilitation.
A randomized, multicenter, open-label, phase III study of the Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor ibrutinib (PCI-32765) versus ofatumumab in patients (pts) with relapsed or refractory (RR) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL): RESONATE. (2013)

TPS8619 Background: Chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) treatment approaches such as FCR have markedly improved outcomes for CLL pts when administered as initial or second-line therapy. Despite this progress, virtually all pts relapse and effective salvage regimens that induce durable remissions or can be administered safely to elderly pts or those with comorbidities are lacking. BTK, an essential mediator of B-cell receptor signaling, is a novel target in CLL. Ibrutinib, a first-in class inhibitor of BTK, promotes apoptosis and inhibits proliferation, migration and adhesion in CLL cells. Phase II data of ibrutinib monotherapy in RR CLL demonstrated an estimated PFS and OS of 75% and 83% respectively at 26 months (Byrd Abst #189 ASH 2012). These findings confirmed BTK as an important target in CLL and supported initiation of a pivotal phase III study in pts with RR CLL/SLL. Methods: PCYC-1112-CA is an ongoing international Phase 3 randomized controlled study of ibrutinib versus ofatumumab for treatment of pts with RR CLL/SLL. The study is enrolling 350 planned pts in 9 countries. Pts are randomized 1:1 to receive ibrutinib 420 mg orally once daily or ofatumumab per the package insert at 300 mg for the first dose, then 2000 mg for a total of 12 doses over 24 weeks. Pts are stratified based on del 17p and disease refractory to purine analogs. Key inclusion criteria include RR CLL/SLL with >= 1 prior line of therapy including pts who experienced a short remission duration to purine analog based CIT, pts who are older or have comorbidities, and pts with del 17p. Pts must have active disease meeting criterion for requiring therapy and measurable nodal disease by CT. Key exclusion criteria include Richter’s transformation, stem cell transplantation within 6 months, GVHD or immunosuppression, platelet count <30,000 cells/ul or use of warfarin The primary objective of the study is PFS evaluated by an IRC. Other outcomes include ORR, OS, hematologic improvement, and safety. An independent DMC is monitoring the study. Clinical trial information: NCT01744691.
Poly (Alkylene Oxides) (1966)

Abstract A considerable body of knowledge has accumulated concerning the polymerization of alkylene oxides, and more and more workers have become interested in this area of polymer chemistry. Only the low-molecular-weight polyglycols were known to any great extent before 1950, except in the research of Staudinger [1] in this area.