gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon-Black-Elastomer Interaction (1991)

Abstract A number of different techniques were applied to measure carbon-black-surface reactivity and the level of black-polymer interaction in four different elastomer systems (SBR, IIR, NR, and NBR) representing differences in unsaturation, crystallinity and polarity. Known within-grade surface activity variations were based on partial graphitization of an N121-type carbon black. The surface activity of different black grades was studied as a function of variations in both surface area and DBPA. Direct measurements of carbon-black-surface reactivity were based on hydrogen analysis, SIMS, IGC, and moisture adsorption. In-rubber measurements included bound rubber, SIMS of cut surfaces, and an interaction parameter, σ/η, which is derived from the slope (σ) of the stress-strain curve at low elongations, and (η), the ratio of dynamic modulus ( E ′) at 1% and 25% DSA. The following trends were observed: 1. The σ/η values provided a good measure of black-polymer interaction in all four polymer systems for either the within-grade or across-grade comparisons. 2. Higher σ/η values were indicated for SBR and NBR, followed by NR and IIR in that order. 3. SBR indicated the greatest sensitivity for bound-rubber measurements in terms of distinguishing within-grade variations in black-polymer interaction, followed by IIR, NR, and NBR in that order. 4. Positive SIMS on dry carbon black indicates the presence of complex hydrocarbon structures suitable for chemical reactivity at the carbon-black surface. 5. SIMS analyses on the dry carbon blacks exhibited intensity variations in the negative hydrocarbon fragments which were in line with the within-grade variations in hydrogen content. 6. SIMS analyses on the cut-rubber compound surfaces showed overall variations in intensity which were proportional to the range and level of the bound-rubber measurements. The most meaningful variations were recorded for SBR and IIR. 7. Heats of adsorption derived from IGC measurements with different adsorbates showed an excellent correlation with black-polymer interaction for the within-grade studies. Measurements across grades did not correlate as well with the in-rubber measurements, but the best results were obtained using styrene as the adsorbate. 8. The within-grade moisture adsorption measurements showed excellent agreement with IGC and the other techniques for the N121 series of heat-treated carbon blacks.
Transfer (2009)

Transfer ist in der Geschichtsdidaktik ein noch relativ junger Begriff. Von der Lernpsychologie übernommen wird er in der Geschichtsdidaktik seit etwa der zweiten Hälfte der 1970er Jahre diskutiert. Heute steht außer Frage, dass für das Anwenden und Behalten von Geschichtswissen Transferüberlegungen der Unterrichtenden unumgänglich sind. In dem Büchlein wird gezeigt, wie Kenntnisse, Einsichten und Fähigkeiten, die in einem bestimmten Zusammenhang gelernt wurden, in weiteren (späteren) Lernzusammenhängen und in der außerschulischen Lebenswelt aufgegriffen, differenziert und angewendet werden. Dabei werden vier verschiedene Transfers beschrieben und mit Beispielen illustriert: 1. Methodentransfer; 2. Ereignis- bzw. inhaltsbezogener Transfer, 3. Transfer begrifflich-kategorialen Wissens, 4. Transfer von Wissen und Fertigkeiten zum Verständnis geschichts-kultureller Gegebenheiten in der außerschulischen Lebenswelt der Schüler.
Etude Comparative de la Chaleur Spécifique et du Paramagnétisme de Sels de TCNQ agrave; Cations Diamagnétiques et Radicalaires (1976)

Abstract Les complexes de transfert de charge du TCNQ peuvent classes en plusieurs categories.1
Development of a high resolution downhole pressure instrument for high temperature applications (1978)

As part of the Geothermal Logging Instrumentation Development Program being conducted by Sandia Laboratories for the Department of Energy's Division of Geothermal Energy, high resolution, quartz crystal based, downhole pressure instruments are being developed. Under a joint no-cost contract, Sandia and Paroscientific, Inc., of Redmond, Washington, are working to upgrade a Paroscientific transducer for operation at 275/sup 0/C. In addition, Sandia Laboratories has been investigating various design configurations and fabrication techniques for high temperature quartz resonators and their associated electronic circuits. The goal of these efforts is to achieve a resolution of 0.01 psi in a 0 to 7000 psi range and in temperatures up to 275/sup 0/C. The progress and plans for this project will be reviewed and hardware samples will be displayed.
Comparison of boron‐ and gallium‐doped p‐type Czochralski silicon for photovoltaic application (1999)

A set of p-type Czochralski (Cz) silicon materials grown by Shin-Etsu Handotai was used for a comprehensive investigation, including carrier lifetime measurements and fabrication of high-efficiency solar cells at Fraunhofer ISE. The set of different materials consists of gallium and boron doped wafers grown with the Cz method and boron doped wafers grown with the magnetic Czochralski (MCz) method. A clear correlation of the Cz-specific lifetime degradation and the concentration of boron and interstitial oxygen was observed. Thus, gallium-doped wafers with a high concentration of interstitial oxygen of 13·7 ppm showed no degradation. Excellent stable lifetimes of 1098 μs and 862 μs were determined for boron-doped MCz wafers and for gallium-doped Cz wafers, respectively. This high lifetime level was maintained or even improved throughout the cell process optimized for Cz silicon and record efficiencies of 22·7% and 22·5% were achieved for boron-doped MCz silicon and gallium-doped Cz silicon, respectively. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Notch1 Contributes to Chemoresistance to Gemcitabine and Serves as an Unfavorable Prognostic Indicator in Pancreatic Cancer (2013)

Notch1 contributes to chemoresistance to gemcitabine, and serves as a significant indicator of unfavorable prognosis in PC.
Single-Point FMR Linewidth Measurement by TE<sub>10</sub>Rectangular Transmission Cavity Perturbation (2016)

A method that allows the determination of magnetic permeability in magnetic bodies, as well as the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth, by measuring only the quality factor and the resonant frequency of the perturbed microwave cavity at FMR is presented. The method is based on a set of equations derived for various types of magnetic media, including ferrites, single crystals, and polycrystalline materials. The evaluation of resonators containing magnetic medium is considered, and a detailed description of the spectrometer and the experimental procedure are presented. Independently measured yttrium iron garnet samples were used to validate the method.
The Effect of Emergency Department Expansion on Emergency Department Overcrowding (2007)

An increase in ED bed capacity did not affect ambulance diversion. Instead, total and admission hold LOS increased. As a result, ED expansion appears to be an insufficient solution to improve diversion without addressing other bottlenecks in the hospital.
Hydroxyapatite as metallic prosthesis coating: preliminary clinical experience. (1997)

The authors report the radiographic results of 65 An. C.A. prosthetic stems coated with hydroxyapatite and followed-up at least 24 months after implantation. A comparison with a homogeneous group of aluminum-coated An.C.A. stems showed that hydroxyapatite-coated stems are characterized by better osteointegration, with a clearly inferior incidence of radiolucent lines at the bone/prosthesis interface. Macroscopic observation and histologic examination carried out on two stems removed because of persistent pain to the thigh revealed partial resorption and fragmentation of the coating. The authors believe that this phenomenon, the object of other observations reported in the literature, may indicate the reduced stability of the coating in the long run, and as such further in-depth study is required.
Producing Cadaverine by Cell Immobilization of Lysine Decarboxylase (2007)

Four materials and methods of H.alvei cell immobilization procedures,including Ca-alginate embedded,dialysis bag,Ca-alginate-gelatin embedded and gelatin embedded,were studied.Ca-alginate as carrier are much more stable than any other materials.The optimum conditions of immobilization were:cell loading ratio 30.8 g cell/L gelatin,ρ(sodium alginate)=30 g/L,30 mL gelatin sphere in 100 mL transforming liquid,transforming temperature 37 ℃ and pH 5.0.The enzyme activity can reach 1 028.9 U.The immobilization procedure with Ca-alginate as carrier can attain 98.62% of the enzyme activity of the free bacterium cells in the first time,and in the forth time it is 38.68% as the first time.
Arabidopsis HOOKLESS1 regulates responses to pathogens and abscisic acid through interaction with MED18 and acetylation of WRKY33 and ABI5 chromatin (2016)

Arabidopsis thaliana HOOKLESS1 (HLS1) encodes a putative histone acetyltransferase with known functions in seedling growth. Here, we show that HLS1 regulates plant responses to pathogens and abscisic acid (ABA) through histone acetylation at chromatin of target loci. The hls1 mutants show impaired responses to bacterial and fungal infection, accelerated senescence, and impaired responses to ABA. HLS1 modulates the expression of WRKY33 and ABA INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5), known regulators of pathogen and ABA responses, respectively, through direct association with these loci. Histone 3 acetylation (H3Ac), a positive mark of transcription, at WRKY33 and ABI5 requires HLS1 function. ABA treatment and pathogen infection enhance HLS1 recruitment and H3Ac at WRKY33. HLS1 associates with Mediator, a eukaryotic transcription coregulatory complex, through direct interaction with mediator subunit 18 (MED18), with which it shares multiple functions. HLS1 recruits MED18 to the WRKY33 promoter, boosting WKRY33 expression, suggesting the synergetic action of HLS1 and MED18. By contrast, MED18 recruitment to ABI5 and transcriptional activation are independent of HLS1. ABA-mediated priming of resistance to fungal infection was abrogated in hls1 and wrky33 mutants but correlated with ABA-induced HLS1 accumulation. In sum, HLS1 provides a regulatory node in pathogen and hormone response pathways through interaction with the Mediator complex and important transcription factors.
Genotypic Distribution of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Among Acute Cases of HBV Infection, Selected United States Counties, 1999-2005 (2011)

HBV genotype distribution was significantly associated with ethnicity, place of residence, and risk behavior.
The Safety and Efficacy of Bimatoprost/Timolol Fixed Combination: A 1-year Double-masked, Randomized Parallel Comparison to Its Individual Components in Patients With Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension (2010)

Lewis, Richard A. MD; Gross, Ronald L. MD; Sall, Kenneth N. MD; Schiffman, Rhett M. MD, MS; Liu, Ching Chi MS; Batoosingh, Amy L. BA for the Ganfort Investigators Group II (Membership attached) Author Information
Gene localization and developmental expression of light chain 3: A common subunit of microtubule-associated protein 1A (MAP1A) and MAP1B (1996)

Microtubule-associated proteins 1A (MAP1A) and MAP1B are abundant neuronal MAPs thought to be involved in neurite formation and stabilization. The relative levels of MAP1A and MAP1B change dramatically during development, with MAP1B expression highest in forming neurons, and MAP1A expression highest in mature neurons. We examined the expression of light chain 3 (LC3), a subunit of both MAP1A and MAP1B, to see if its expression paralleled that of either heavy chain. Anti-LC3 immunohistochemistry reveals that LC3 in rat brain is restricted to neurons that are expressing either the MAP1A or MAP1B heavy chain. Although LC3 is expressed exclusively in cells expressing heavy chains, developmental changes in the total amount of LC3 protein are not proportional to changes in the amount of either the MAP1A or MAP1B heavy chain. LC3 protein expression measured by quantitiative immunoblotting is twice as high in postnatal brain as in embryonic and adult brain. The localization of the LC3 gene to human chromosome 20cen-q13 demonstrates that LC3 is the only MAP1 subunit that is not linked to the heavy chain genes. Because LC3 is a component of both the MAP1A and MAP1B microtubule-binding domains, the heavy-chain independent regulation of LC3 expression might modify MAP1 microtubule-binding activity during development.
[The potential nephrotoxic effects of essential juniper oil]. (1997)

The nephrotoxicity of juniper oil (CAS 73049-62-4), a phytomedicine with diuretic resp. aquaretic activity, was evaluated in male Sprague-Dawley rats after oral administration. Two chemically slightly different oil batches were tested for 28 days with 100, 333 or 1000 mg (series 1, batch 1) resp. 100, 300 or 900 mg (series 2, batch 2) juniper oil/kg. Additionally terpinene-4-ol, a compound with postulated aquaretic activity, which can be found in essential juniper oil up to an amount of 10 mg% was tested in a dosage of 400 mg/kg. Neither of the tested substances induced changes in function or morphology of the kidneys at the tested doses, and they were revealed to be nontoxic.
Hierarchical hollow Li4Ti5O12 urchin-like microspheres with ultra-high specific surface area for high rate lithium ion batteries (2014)

Large specific surface area is critical for Li4Ti5O12 to achieve good rate capacity and cycling stability, since it can increase the contact area between electrolyte/electrode and shorten the transport paths for electrons and lithium ions. In this study, hierarchical hollow Li4Ti5O12 urchin-like microspheres with ultra-high specific surface area of over 140 m2·g−1 and diameter more than 500 nm have been successfully synthesized by combining the versatile sol-gel process and a hydrothermal reaction, and exhibit excellent electrochemical performance with a high specific capacity of 120 mA·h·g−1 at 20 C and long cycling stability of < 2% decay after 100 cycles. Ex situ electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis of Li4Ti5O12 microspheres at different charge-discharge stages indicates that only a fraction of the Ti4+ ions are reduced to Ti3+ and a phase transformation occurs whereby the spinel phase Li4Ti5O12 is converted into the rock-salt phase Li7Ti5O12. Even after 100 cycles, the oxidation-reduction reaction between Ti3+ and Ti4+ can be carried out much more effectively on the surface of Li4Ti5O12 nanosheets than on commercially available Li4Ti5O12 particles. All the results suggest that these Li4Ti5O12 microspheres may be attractive candidate anode materials for lithium ion batteries.
Real-time rendering in curved spaces (2002)

A hypersphere surface provides a finite 3D world in which the user can fly freely without encountering boundaries, while hyperbolic space provides a spacious environment. The algorithm for rendering a scene in a hypersphere is identical to the standard algorithm for rendering a scene in ordinary flat 3D space. Indeed, the computations are so similar that off-the-shelf 3D graphics cards, when fed the correct matrices, will do real-time animations in a hypersphere just as easily and as quickly as they do in flat space.
Electroluminescence in Single Crystals of Zinc Sulphide (1955)

An apparatus for the measurement of electroluminescence in single crystals of zinc sulphide under a range of conditions is described. The results of the measurements are compared with existing theories, which are shown to be unsatisfactory. Modified forms of these theories are developed which are in much better agreement with experiment.
The Syllable in Phonological Theory (1972)

The syllable is an important phonological unit that must be formally defined within generative phonology. Evidence from Spanish, German, and other languages shows that a syllable boundary is necessary to designate the domain of certain phonological rules. The syllable can be formally and universally defined by a rule which inserts such syllable boundaries between certain sequences of segments. This rule must apply persistently throughout the phonological component, changing the position of the syllable boundaries as the sequences of segments change.*
Structural Mixtures for Statistical Layout Analysis (2008)

A key limitation of current layout analysis methods is that they rely on many hard-coded assumptions about document layouts and can not adapt to new layouts for which the underlying assumptions are not satisfied. Another major drawback of these approaches is that they do not return confidence scores for their outputs. These problems pose major challenges in large scale digitization efforts where a large number of different layouts need to be handled and manual inspection of the results on each individual page is not feasible. This paper presents a novel statistical approach to layout analysis that aims at solving the above mentioned problems for Manhattan layouts. The presented approach models known page layouts as a structural mixture model. A probabilistic matching algorithm is presented that gives multiple interpretations of input layout with associated probabilities. First experiments on documents from the publicly available MARG dataset achieved below 5%error rate for geometric layout analysis.
Permeabilization of Fungal Membranes by Plant Defensins Inhibits Fungal Growth (1999)

We used an assay based on the uptake of SYTOX Green, an organic compound that fluoresces upon interaction with nucleic acids and penetrates cells with compromised plasma membranes, to investigate membrane permeabilization in fungi. Membrane permeabilization induced by plant defensins in Neurospora crassa was biphasic, depending on the plant defensin dose. At high defensin levels (10 to 40 microM), strong permeabilization was detected that could be strongly suppressed by cations in the medium. This permeabilization appears to rely on direct peptide-phospholipid interactions. At lower defensin levels (0.1 to 1 microM), a weaker, but more cation-resistant, permeabilization occurred at concentrations that correlated with the inhibition of fungal growth. Rs-AFP2(Y38G), an inactive variant of the plant defensin Rs-AFP2 from Raphanus sativus, failed to induce cation-resistant permeabilization in N. crassa. Dm-AMP1, a plant defensin from Dahlia merckii, induced cation-resistant membrane permeabilization in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) which correlated with its antifungal activity. However, Dm-AMP1 could not induce cation-resistant permeabilization in the Dm-AMP1-resistant S. cerevisiae mutant DM1, which has a drastically reduced capacity for binding Dm-AMP1. We think that cation-resistant permeabilization is binding site mediated and linked to the primary cause of fungal growth inhibition induced by plant defensins.
Cannabinoid WIN55, 212-2 induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits the proliferation and migration of human BEL7402 hepatocellular carcinoma cells (2015)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide; however, only limited therapeutic treatments are currently available. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of cannabinoids as novel therapeutic targets in HCC. In addition, the mechanism underlying the effects of a synthetic cannabinoid, WIN55, 212‑2, on the BEL7402 HCC cell line was investigated. The results demonstrated that WIN55, 212‑2 induced cell cycle arrest of the BEL7402 cells at the G0/G1 phase via cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2)‑mediated downregulation of phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2, upregulation of p27, and downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin‑dependent kinase 4. Furthermore, inhibition of CB2 with the CB2 antagonist AM630 abrogated WIN55, 212‑2‑induced cell cycle arrest. Inhibition of ERK1/2 also resulted in cell cycle dysregulation and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, which subsequently resulted in cell growth inhibition. In addition, the present study detected a significant reduction in matrix metalloproteinase‑9, retinoblastoma protein and E2F1 expression, and migration inhibition by WIN treatment. These results suggested that cannabinoid receptor agonists, including WIN, may be considered as novel therapeutics for the treatment of HCC.
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 and tumor metastasis (2009)

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4(MKK4)is an important component of mitogenactivated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling conduction.It is highly related with tumors formation and metastasis,It is reported that loss of MKK4 gene functional mutations is found in approximately 5%of tumors of a variety of tissues,suggesting it may be a tumor suppresser gene.MKK4 also has been identified as a suppressor gene in tumors metastasis,which can suppress many tumors metastasis.

Key words: 
MAP kinase kinase 4; Neoplasm metastasis
Noise Control (1997)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Criteria and Rating Measures for Noise Hearing Protection Devices Noise Emission of Sound Sources Noise Generation in Machinery and its Control Active Noise Control Noise Control in Air Conditioning Systems Sound Power Levels of Machinery Aircraft and Airport Noise Surface Transportation Noise Community Noise References
A Target-Responsive Electrochemical Aptamer Switch (TREAS) for Reagentless Detection of Nanomolar ATP (2007)

In this communication, we report a highly generalizable strategy, target-responsive electrochemical aptamer switch (TREAS) for the development of aptamer-based biosensors. In a typical TREAS design for ATP detection, the aptamer oligonucleotide dually labeled with thiol and ferrocene groups is hybridized with its complementary strand, and the thiolated duplex is self-assembled on a gold electrode. This duplex is responsive to the target ATP, which liberates the complementary strand and forms the aptamer−target complex. The electroactive ferrocene moiety, which is distal to the electrode surface in the absence of ATP, is moved to the proximal position during the binding-induced structural transition. This binding turns on the electron transfer and leads to measurable electrochemical signals for quantification of ATP. We then demonstrate that TREAS is a signal-on, reagentless sensor that can selectively detect ATP and features both generalizability and simplicity in design.
Recognition of a conserved class of RNA tetraloops by Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNase III (2000)

Ribonucleases III are double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) endonucleases required for the processing of a large number of prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcripts. Although the specificity of bacterial RNase III cleavage relies on antideterminants in the dsRNA, the molecular basis of eukaryotic RNase III specificity is unknown. All substrates of yeast RNase III (Rnt1p) are capped by terminal tetraloops showing the consensus AGNN and located within 13-16 bp to Rnt1p cleavage sites. We show that these tetraloops are essential for Rnt1p cleavage and that the distance to the tetraloop is the primary determinant of cleavage site selection. The presence of AGNN tetraloops also enhances Rnt1p binding, as shown by surface plasmon resonance monitoring and modification interference studies. These results define a paradigm of RNA loops and show that yeast RNase III behaves as a helical RNA ruler that recognizes these tetraloops and cleaves the dsRNA at a fixed distance to this RNA structure. These results also indicate that proteins belonging to the same class of RNA endonucleases require different structural elements for RNA cleavage.
Impaired Autophagosome Clearance Contributes to Cardiomyocyte Death in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (2012)

Ischemia/reperfusion injury impairs autophagosome clearance mediated in part by reactive oxygen species-induced decline in lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 and upregulation of BECLIN-1, contributing to increased cardiomyocyte death.