gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inverse scattering with diffusing waves (2001)

We consider the problem of imaging the optical properties of a highly scattering medium probed by diffuse light. An analytic solution to this problem is derived from the singular value decomposition of the forward-scattering operator, which leads to explicit inversion formulas for the inverse scattering problem with diffusing waves. Computer simulations are used to illustrate these results in model systems.
Determining Coefficient of Quadratic Term in Forchheimer Equation (2013)

Abstract Forchheimer equation takes non-Darcy flow effect into account in the event of high flow velocity in porous media. Its application requires both permeability, which is in linear term, and Beta factor, which is in quadratic term. Permeability and Beta factor are determined by rock type, textural of rock, effective porosity, pore throat size, geometry of the pore, and connection and distribution of pores. Beta factor comes into play when the fluid flow rate is high and the flow rate deviates from Darcy's law. Non-Darcy flow is described by Forchheimer equation. Usually the coefficient of non-Darcy flow term is hard to be determined. Existing approaches are core measurement and empirical correlations. To the best of our knowledge there is notheoretical equation available. To get an accurate estimation of flow rate or pressure drop in the reservoir, we need a method that has solid theoretical basis. The deficiency triggered our study. Starting from multiple-capillary tubes concept, we derived a rigorous relationship between pores geometry and pressure drop required for fluid flow through the pores. Through this correlation pressure drop can be calculated from known pores geometry. Since pores geometry can be often obtained from lab experiment or well logging, the new correlation also provides a unique approach to quantify the coefficient of quadratic term in Forchheimer equation. In this study we developed a governing equation through a rigorous theoretical derivation. With this equation the non-Darcy flow coefficient in Forchheimer equation can be calculated. The required input data for the new equation are readily obtained from well log interpretation. The new equation is a powerful tool in the event of no experimental measured non-Darcy flow coefficient available. It eliminates the errors or the arbitrary content in the empirical correlations.
Locating roadworks sites via detecting change in lateral positions of traffic signs measured relative to the ego-car (2017)

Roadworks can be hazardous for both road workers and road users. Even with state-of-the-art safety measures in place, serious accidents do happen there, particularly when drivers do not heed roadwork signs and speed limits. Crashes at roadworks that involve killed or seriously injured (KSI) casualties account for about 2% of all KSI crashes in developed countries, even though the roadworks are normally well-signaled and are also marked in quick-reaction road/traffic maps. These media provide several means for the drivers ‒ and for the on-board advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS) helping them ‒ to duly detect roadworks. In the paper, an approach based on statistical inference is presented for detecting roadwork zones. The approach takes into account the engineering regulations and practice concerning setting up temporary road configurations near and along roadworks. Such configurations often involve narrower traffic lanes and traffic signs installed closer to traffic. The approach detects change in ‒ among other type of collected data ‒ the lateral positions of the traffic signs measured relative to the ego-car along the road. In a practical implementation, the traffic sign detection and recognition, the lateral distance measurement and the data recording are carried out by some traffic sign recognition (TSR) system. The traffic sign data is seen as a realization of a marked Poisson process and the minimum description length (MDL) principle – set to work in the form of Page-Hinkley change detectors – is applied for detecting roadworks.
The experimental test of a microwave ion beam source in oxygen (1987)

Recent experiments have demonstrated a microwave (2.45 GHz) plasma disk ion source operating with inert gases both with and without an applied static magnetic field. Earlier results were reported using a preliminary, multicusp static magnetic field configuration produced by alternating pole, small, ∼2.5 kG rare earth magnets surrounding the microwave discharge zone. This electrodeless ion source has been rebuilt incorporating several improvements and has been experimentally tested with different discharge diffusion lengths. The improvements include removing the rare earth magnets from the inside of the microwave cavity and embedding them in the cavity walls. The placement and strength of the magnets allows electron cyclotron resonant surfaces (∼875 G) to lie entirely within the discharge zone. Discharges with different diffusion lengths were created by varying the thickness of the disk-shaped discharge zone. The experimental performance with and without a static magnetic field is discussed at the low flow rates of 2–10 sccm and using a 2.5 cm diam double grid set. Experimental test results are compared to similar ion beam sources in oxygen that employ a dc discharge. The expected lifetime, startup, and shutdown problems and maintenance are also reviewed.
Substrate Specificity for the Epoxidation of Terpenoids and Active Site Topology of House Fly Cytochrome P450 6A1 (1997)

Heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, purification, and reconstitution of house fly P450 6A1 and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase were used to study the metabolism of terpenoids. In addition to the epoxidation of cyclodiene insecticides demonstrated previously [Andersen et al. (1994) Biochemistry 33, 2171-2177], this cytochrome P450 was shown to epoxidize a variety of terpenoids such as farnesyl, geranyl, and neryl methyl esters, juvenile hormones I and III, and farnesal but not farnesol or farnesoic acid. P450 6A1 reconstituted with NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and phosphatidylcholine did not metabolize alpha-pinene, limonene, of the insect growth regulators hydroprene and methoprene. The four geometric isomers of methyl farnesoate were metabolized predominantly to the 10,11-epoxides, but also the 6,7-epoxides and to the diepoxides. The 10,11-epoxide of methyl (2E,6E)-farnesoate was produced in a 3:1 ratio of the (10S) and (10R) enantiomers. Monoepoxides of methyl farnesoate were metabolized efficiently to the diepoxides. Methyl farnesoate epoxidation was strongly inhibited by a bulky substituted imidazole. The active site topology of P450 6A1 was studied by the reaction of the enzyme with phenyldiazene to form a phenyl-iron complex. Ferricyanide-induced in situ migration of the phenyl group showed formation of the N-phenylprotopor-phyrinporphyrin IX adducts in a 17:25:33:24 ratio of the NB:NA:NC:ND isomers. These experiments suggest that metabolism of xenobiotics by this P450, constitutively overexpressed in insecticide-resistant strains of the house fly, is not severely limited by stereochemically constrained access to the active site.
Polyimides for Dielectric Layers (1989)

The capability to layer interconnection levels is critical for many complex circuit designs. An organic polymer dielectric has several advantages over inorganic dielectrics in such applications. These advantages include a lower dielectric constant, ease of coating, and, in some instances, photodefinability. However, there are a number of material and processing constraints placed on the use of organic polymers. The polymer must be stable, metallizable, processable, and compatible with further processing steps. We selected a base polyimide for evaluation. The conditions of its preparation and imidization were characterized. The processing behavior was then correlated with the polymer characteristics. This work allowed identification of directions for further improvements to polyimides for dielectric applications.
New Pharmacological Approaches in Infants with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (2012)

New knowledge of the pathophysiology and evolution of hypoxic-ischemic brain injuries has made feasible interventions to improve clinical outcomes for newborns surviving birth asphyxia. Brain injury following hypoxic-ischemic insult is a complex process evolving over hours to days, which provides a unique window of opportunity for neuroprotective treatment interventions. The specific pathologic processes preceding the onset of irreversible cerebral injury appear to be a combination of several mechanisms that are variable according to the severity and duration of the insult and to biochemical modifications in the brain. Advances in neuroimaging, brain monitoring techniques, and tissue biomarkers have improved the ability to diagnose, monitor, and care for newborn infants with neonatal encephalopathy, as well as to predict their outcome. The role of oxidative stress in newborn morbidity with respect to the higher risk of free radical damage in these babies is growing. However, challenges remain in early identification of infants at risk for neonatal encephalopathy, determination of timing and extent of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, as well as optimal management and treatment duration. Potential neuroprotective strategies targeting different pathways leading to neuronal cell death in response to hypoxic-ischemic insult have been investigated: hypothermia, erythropoietin, iminobiotin, deferioxamine, magnesium, allopurinol, xenon, melatonin and statins. Hypothermia is currently the only recognized beneficial therapy. However, many infants still develop significant adverse outcomes. It is becoming evident that the association of moderate hypothermia with neuroprotective drugs may enhance the outcome. By virtue of their pleiotropic effects without toxic effects, melatonin and statins may act at different levels of the multiple mechanisms responsible for the progression of the neurodegenerative process and represent promising neuroprotectants, alone or as additional adjunctive therapy, for reducing brain injury and its long-term sequelae in infants. More clinical studies are needed to clarify the role of these potential neuroprotective drugs.
WEDELMUSIC format: an XML music notation format for emerging applications (2005)

In order to satisfy the needs of the new emerging applications, the music notation formats are going to be transformed. Among the emerging applications of music, we can see: music distribution, Internet exploitation of music, cooperative editing of music, production and adoption of multimedia digital objects based on music, distance learning/tuition of music, etc. In many of these applications, the music notation model has to provide distinct mechanisms for modeling symbolic and visual aspects. The WEDELMUSIC format is presented. It is a XML compliant format that presents multimedia capabilities and includes identification, classification, symbolic, visual, versioning, printing, protection, image score, image, document, performance, video, and lyric aspects. It keeps separate visual/formatting and symbolic aspects. It can be profitably used as a format for new applications, and as a format for interchanging symbolic description of music scores. Some examples are given and the DTD of the symbolic part of WEDELMUSIC format is reported. The format is supported by a free music editor.
Initiation of lamellipodia and ruffles involves cooperation between mDia1 and the Arp2/3 complex (2015)

Protrusion of lamellipodia and ruffles requires polymerization of branched actin filaments by the Arp2/3 complex. Although regulation of Arp2/3 complex activity has been extensively investigated, the mechanism of initiation of lamellipodia and ruffles remains poorly understood. Here, we show that mDia1 acts in concert with the Arp2/3 complex to promote initiation of lamellipodia and ruffles. We find that mDia1 is an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-regulated actin nucleator involved in membrane ruffling using a combination of knockdown and rescue experiments. At the molecular level, mDia1 polymerizes linear actin filaments, activating the Arp2/3 complex, and localizes within nascent and mature membrane ruffles. We employ functional complementation experiments and optogenetics to show that mDia1 cooperates with the Arp2/3 complex in initiating lamellipodia and ruffles. Finally, we show that genetic and pharmacological interference with this cooperation hampers ruffling and cell migration. Thus, we propose that the lamellipodium- and ruffle-initiating machinery consists of two actin nucleators that act sequentially to regulate membrane protrusion and cell migration.
Biochemical comparison of imipenem, meropenem and biapenem: permeability, binding to penicillin-binding proteins, and stability to hydrolysis by β-lactamases (1995)

Biological activities of biapenem, imipenem, and meropenem were compared with respect to permeability into Gram-negative bacteria, binding to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), and hydrolysis by β-lactamases. Permeability for the threecar-bapenems was similar when measured in Serratia marcescens S6 producing a carbapenem-hydrolyzing β-lactamase. Penetration of the carbapenems was comparable with cephaloridine and faster than piperacillin or the extendedspectrum cephalosporin cefotaxime. All the carbapenems bound most strongly to PBP 2 of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to PBP 1 of Staphylococcw aureus. In addition, biapenem showed strong affinity with PBP la of E. coli and PBP lb of P. aeruginosa. Selected serine β-lactamases, including the extended spectrum plas-mid-mediated β-lactamases, hydrolyzed these carbapenems at rates <0.1% that of cephaloridine. Metallo-β-lactamases hydrolysed the carbapenems at measurable rates, with enzymes from Bacteroides fragilis and Xanthomonas maltophilia hydrolyzing biapenem at lower Vmax values than meropenem or imipenem. In conclusion, all the carbapenems exhibited good rates of penetration, bound strongly to PBPs in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and were stable to most Group 1 and Group 2 serine β-lactamases, but were hydrolyzed by metallo-β-lactamases.
Partial purification of Golgi-bound arabinosyltransferase and two isoforms of xylosyltransferase from French bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> L.) (1992)

The purification of glycosyltransferases involved in wall matrix polysaccharide synthesis has been attempted. A number of activities readily demonstrated in isolated Golgi membranes are lost following detergent solubilization. However, solubilization releases pyrophosphorylases and phosphatases that hydrolyse the substrate in enzyme assays, whether UDP-glucose, -arabinose or -xylose is used. This hydrolysis, which cannot be completely inhibited, appears to be the major factor in the apparent loss of activity. Separation of this hydrolytic activity during further purification by ion-exchange and gel exclusion leads to recovery of glycosyltransferase activity. Thus two xylosyltransferases and one arabinosyltransferase could be partially purified. These appeared to be differentially expressed. The arabinosyltransferase of apparent M(r) 70,000 on size-exclusion chromatography was isolated from cells undergoing rapid growth and division. A xylosyltransferase of apparent M(r) 38,000 on size-exclusion chromatography was associated with cell expansion and primary wall synthesis. A second xylosyltransferase, which was purified to near homogeneity with M(r) 40,000, showed a peak of activity during the period of maximum secondary wall synthesis.
Two dimensional microscanners with large horizontal-vertical scanning frequency ratio for high-resolution laser projectors (2008)

We present two designs of two-dimensional gimbal microscanners with low vertical-scan frequencies of 70 Hz and 330 Hz and a high horizontal scan frequency of 30 kHz. The scanners are fabricated in a 30 μm silicon-on-insulator with backside structures for both mirror and gimbal-frame. The backside structure under the frame increases the frame weight and effectively reduces the resonant frequency of the rotation springs. The slow vertical scan can thus be achieved without reducing the spring width dramatically. A patterned backside structure also reinforces the mirror plate during actuation such that the root-mean-square dynamic deformation of the 1 mm diameter mirror is less than 44 nm (λ/10 for blue) at 10 degrees mechanical scan angle. A microscanner is installed into a prototype laser projector to demonstrate its capability of producing high quality images.
Polarization Sensing with Visual Detection (1999)

We describe a new approach to fluorescence sensing which relies on visual determination the polarization. The sensing device consists of a fluorescent probe, which changes intensity in responses to the analyte, and an oriented fluorescent film, which is not affected by the analyte. An emission filter is selected to observe the emission from both the film and the sensing fluorophore. Changes in the probe intensity result in changes in the polarization of the combined emission from the sensor and reference. The degree of polarization can be detected visually using a dual polarizer with adjacent sections oriented orthogonally to each other. The emission passing through the dual polarizer is viewed with a second analyzing polarizer. This analyzer is rotated manually to yield equal intensities from both sides of the dual polarizer. This approach was used to measure the concentration of RhB in intralipid and to measure pH using 6-carboxyfluorescein. The analyzer angle is typically accurate to 1 degree, providing pH values accurate to +/- 0.1 pH unit at the midpoint of the titration curve. We also describe a method of visual polarization sensing that does not require an oriented film and that can use the same fluorophore for the sample and reference. These approaches to visual sensing are generic and can be applied to a wide variety of analytes for which fluorescent probes are available. Importantly, the devices are simple, with the only electronic component being the light source.
Single Supply, High Linearity, High Efficient PHEMT Power Devices and Amplifier for 2 GHz &amp; 5 GHz WLAN Applications (2003)

A single supply, high linearity, high efficient power devices and amplifier MMIC is implemented utilizing high performance of quasi-enhanced power PHEMT technology. The PHEMT power device features Vth= -0.65 V, Vbdg=26 V, Imax=144 mA/mm at Vgs=0.2 V, Gm=340 mS/mm. When matched on-wafer compromise between power and efficiency, the OIP3 at peak IP3 is 40.5 dBm for 2 GHz and 37.0 dBm for 5.8 GHz, respectively. The power amplifier achieves at 5.8 GHz Pout=27 dBm with associated PAE=45% at 5 V under Vgs=0 V, GL=14.5 dB, OIP3=37.5 dBm.
Rootstocks for fruit crops. (1987)

Roots Propagation Compatibility and Stock- Scion Interactions as Related to Dwarfing Apple Rootstocks Pear Rootstocks Peach Rootstocks Cherry Rootstocks Almond Rootstocks Apricot Rootstocks Plum Rootstocks Citrus Rooststocks Pecan Rootstocks Juglan Rootstocks Vitis Rootstocks Index.
Effect Of Cetane Number And Volatility On Autoignition And Combustion Of Alternative Fuels And Their Surrogates (2014)

Diesel engine has become a popular choice for trucks, trains, boats, and most other heavy-duty applications. The inherent benefits of diesel engine are high thermal efficiency and specific power output, but there is a concern about high levels of engine-out NOx and particulate matter emissions, which is a major contributor in environment pollution. Moreover, concern about the crisis of crude oil reserves, increasing gas price, trade deficit, and homeland security enhances the interests in alternative fuels. Unlike conventional diesel fuel, alternative fuels have wide range of properties, such as volatility, cetane number, density, viscosity and lower heating value, which influence the behavior of fuel and formation of products. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the effect of these fuel properties on autoignition, combustion, performance, and emissions under compression ignition conditions to evaluate the operational capability of diesel engines fueled with alternative fuels. This dissertation covers a detailed investigation of the autoignition, combustion, and emission characteristics of alternative fuels and their surrogates in a constant volume vessel of Ignition Quality Tester (IQT), optically accessible rapid compression machine (RCM), and Partnership for Next Generation of Vehicle (PNGV) single cylinder diesel engine. Experimental data and simulation results indicate that the fuel properties, such as cetane number and volatility, influence the autoignition and combustion processes in diesel engine environment.
Report on Stock Feed Adulteration (1934)

Journal Article Report on Stock Feed Adulteration Get access H E Gensler H E Gensler Associate Referee Department of Agriculture, Harrisburg, Pa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Volume 17, Issue 2, 15 May 1934, Pages 172–173, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/17.2.172 Published: 21 February 2020
A fully integrated characterization and management system for ASIC libraries (2003)

A system is presented that supplies ASIC libraries for multiple CAD systems. Characterizations of macro cells and library translators into ASIC design systems such as logic delay simulators, wire delay calculators, design rule checkers, and logic syntheses are fully integrated with a central object oriented database. This data management system (DMS) automatically appends revisions, maintains data configurations, and provides data updating. ASIC libraries can thus be easily developed and effectively managed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mangifera Indica (Mango) (2010)

Mangifera indica, commonly used herb in ayurvedic medicine. Although review articles on this plant are already published, but this review article is presented to compile all the updated information on its phytochemical and pharmacological activities, which were performed widely by different methods. Studies indicate mango possesses antidiabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, cardiotonic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory properties. Various effects like antibacterial, anti fungal, anthelmintic, anti parasitic, anti tumor, anti HIV, antibone resorption, antispasmodic, antipyretic, antidiarrhoeal, antiallergic, immunomodulation, hypolipidemic, anti microbial, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective have also been studied. These studies are very encouraging and indicate this herb should be studied more extensively to confirm these results and reveal other potential therapeutic effects. Clinical trials using mango for a variety of conditions should also be conducted.
Reusable Polymer‐Supported Amine‐Copper Catalyst for the Formation of α‐Alkylidene Cyclic Carbonates in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2008)

Abstract A green, simple and effective polymer‐supported catalytic system has been developed for the cyclization of propargyl alcohols with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). α‐Alkylidene cyclic carbonates were obtained in satisfactory isolated yields in most cases. The catalyst could be recovered by simple filtration and reused several times without significant loss of activity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Recursive estimation based on the trended hidden Markov model in speech enhancement (2002)

In this study, we propose a new speech enhancement based on the trended HMM. The trended HMM is a nonstationary state HMM for modeling nonstationary speech. The proposed method is a recursive method based on frame-by-frame using a Kalman filter with LP parameters controlled by a Markov switching sequence. Experimental results clearly show the superior performance of the proposed method over the standard HMM based method.