gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure of baby hamster kidney carbohydrate-binding protein CBP30, an S-type animal lectin. (1994)

A galactose-binding protein of M(r) = 30,000 previously described in baby hamster kidney cells (Foddy, L., Stamatoglou, S. C., and Hughes, R. C. (1990) J. Cell Sci. 97, 139-148) has been analyzed by the cloning and sequencing of cDNA clones encoding the complete sequence and an amino-terminal fragment. The intact lectin CBP30 contains 245 amino acid residues, including the initiating methionine residue, and is closely homologous to mammalian S-type lectins of similar size characterized in human, rat, and mouse species. The carboxyl-terminal domain contains the carbohydrate binding activity and the amino-terminal domain, which is extremely sensitive to bacterial collagenase, contains a repetitive sequence rich in glycine, tyrosine, and proline. There are 8 repeats in hamster CBP30, as in the human homologue, compared with about 10 in rat and mouse and > 10 in dog homologues. This repeat sequence is also sensitive to the tissue metalloproteinases, gelatinase B and matrilysin, but, unlike the bacterial collagenase, the mammalian enzymes also cause extensive degradation of the carbohydrate binding carboxyl domain. Physical measurements using CD and tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy indicate that the two domains of CBP30 are structurally, as well as functionally, distinct and independent. Cross-linking studies indicate that the amino-terminal lectin fragment can efficiently self-assemble into oligomeric species, and less efficient but significant aggregation of the intact lectin is also shown. Domain-specific antibodies to hamster CBP30 have been prepared and used to show that only the full-length, undegraded form of CBP30 is present in whole cell lysates.
Characterization of Thien-2-yl 1<i>S</i>,2<i>R</i>-Milnacipran Analogues as Potent Norepinephrine/Serotonin Transporter Inhibitors for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain (2008)

Thien-2-yl 1S,2R-milnacipran analogues were synthesized and characterized as norepinephrine/serotonin transporter inhibitors. These compounds possessed higher potencies than 1S,2R-milnacipran (2R-1) while maintaining low molecular weight and moderate lipophilicity, which are the important features for the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics of milnacipran (1). Thus, compound 5c exhibited IC50 values of 2.3 and 32 nM, respectively, at NET and SERT, which were more than 10-fold better than those of 1 (NET IC50 = 77 nM, SERT IC50 = 420 nM). Moreover, 5c achieved the same efficacy as 1, but with much lower doses, in a rodent spinal nerve ligation pain model. In addition, 5c displayed desirable pharmacokinetic properties in several species, including high oral availability and significant brain penetration.
Argelia: la lógica subyacente de unas “no elecciones” (2009)

El pasado 9 de abril, Argelia celebró lo que se denominó elección presidencial. Esto es algo que ha hecho a intervalos desde 1995 y, por lo general, dichas elecciones han sido motivo de insatisfacción tanto a nivel interno como internacional. Pero, ¿en qué consisten exactamente estos comicios, que han demostrado una y otra vez no estar a la altura de las expectativas de la mayoría? El presente ARI explica que en realidad los comicios no pueden considerarse como tales y que las expectativas creadas en torno al proceso electoral están fuera de lugar. El proceso oficialmente conocido como elecciones presidenciales en Argelia es en realidad un ejercicio de legitimación materializado a través de la movilización de las lealtades del electorado. Las elecciones no se celebran para determinar cuál es el candidato elegido por la ciudadanía, sino más bien para garantizar el respaldo del pueblo a una decisión previamente adoptada por la oligarquía gobernante, legitimando de esta forma dicha oligarquía. La naturaleza formalmente plural de este proceso no debería llevarnos a pensar en ningún momento que existe realmente tal cosa como una carrera presidencial. Así, el candidato del régimen tiene todas las de ganar para convertirse en el próximo presidente, sin existir en realidad competencia alguna; la función del resto de los candidatos no es otra que reforzar el índice de participación agregada y maximizar la legitimidad del régimen, en lugar de desafiar al candidato a la presidencia propuesto por la oligarquía. Esta preocupación por la legitimidad también determina los enfoques y las acciones de los partidos que promueven el boicot y contribuye a que el debate político en Argelia siga siendo eminentemente estéril. La democratización real del sistema político argelino está aún por llegar y que no hay ningún motivo para pensar que los socios occidentales de Argelia han contribuido de forma sustancial a la promoción de la democracia en el país durante las últimas dos décadas o para albergar esperanzas realistas de conseguirlo en un futuro próximo.
Depth of interaction calibration for PET detectors with dual-ended readout by PSAPDs (2008)

Many laboratories develop depth-encoding detectors to improve the trade-off between spatial resolution and sensitivity in positron emission tomography (PET) scanners. One challenge in implementing these detectors is the need to calibrate the depth of interaction (DOI) response for the large numbers of detector elements in a scanner. In this work, we evaluate two different methods, a linear detector calibration and a linear crystal calibration, for determining DOI calibration parameters. Both methods can use measurements from any source distribution and location, or even the intrinsic lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) background activity, and are therefore well suited for use in a depth-encoding PET scanner. The methods were evaluated by measuring detector and crystal DOI responses for all eight detectors in a prototype depth-encoding PET scanner. The detectors utilize dual-ended readout of LSO scintillator arrays with position-sensitive avalanche photodiodes (PSAPDs). The LSO arrays have 7 x 7 elements, with a crystal size of 0.92 x 0.92 x 20 mm(3) and pitch of 1.0 mm. The arrays are read out by two 8 x 8 mm(2) area PSAPDs placed at opposite ends of the arrays. DOI is measured by the ratio of the amplitude of the total energy signals measured by the two PSAPDs. Small variations were observed in the DOI responses of different crystals within an array as well as DOI responses for different arrays. A slightly nonlinear dependence of the DOI ratio on depth was observed and the nonlinearity was larger for the corner and edge crystals. The DOI calibration parameters were obtained from the DOI responses measured in a singles mode. The average error between the calibrated DOI and the known DOI was 0.8 mm if a linear detector DOI calibration was used and 0.5 mm if a linear crystal DOI calibration was used. A line source phantom and a hot rod phantom were scanned on the prototype PET scanner. DOI measurement significantly improved the image spatial resolution no matter which DOI calibration method was used. A linear crystal DOI calibration provided slightly better image spatial resolution compared with a linear detector DOI calibration.
Watermarking Algorithms for 3D NURBS Graphic Data (2004)

Two watermarking algorithms for 3D nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBS) graphic data are proposed: one is appropriate for the steganography, and the other for watermarking. Instead of directly embedding data into the parameters of NURBS, the proposed algorithms embed data into the 2D virtual images extracted by parameter sampling of 3D model. As a result, the proposed steganography algorithm can embed information into more places of the surface than the conventional algorithm, while preserving the data size of the model. Also, any existing 2D watermarking technique can be used for the watermarking of 3D NURBS surfaces. From the experiment, it is found that the algorithm for the watermarking is robust to the attacks on weights, control points, and knots. It is also found to be robust to the remodeling of NURBS models.
Polarization analysis and experimental implementation of PLZT electro-optical switch using fiber Sagnac interferometers (2006)

The polarization characteristics of electro-optical (EO) switches using fiber Sagnac interferometer (FSI) structures are theoretically investigated. Analytical solutions of output fields are presented when the twists and birefringence in a Sagnac loop are considered. Numerical calculations show that the twists of fiber, the orientation of the inserted phase retarder, and the splitting ratio of the coupler will influence both the output intensity and the output polarization properties of the proposed switch. A polarization-independent EO switch based on a Sagnac interferometer and a PLZT bar was experimentally implemented, which showed good coincidence with the analytical results. The experiment showed a switch with 22 dB extinction ratio and less than 31.1 ns switching time.
Friction and wear of sintered fiber-metal abradable seal materials (1977)

Three abradable gas path seal material systems based on a sintered NiCrAlY fibermetal structure were evaluated under a range of wear conditions representative of those likely to be encountered in various knife-edge seal (labyrinth or shrouded turbine) applications. Conditions leading to undesirable wear of the rotating knife were identified and a model was proposed based on thermal effects arising under different rub conditions. It was found, and predicted by the model, that low incursion (plunge) rates tended to promote smearing of the low density sintered material with consequent wear to the knife-edge. Tradeoffs benefits between baseline 19 percent dense material, a similar material of increased density, and a self lubricating coating applied to the 19 percent material were identified based on relative rub tolerance and erosion resistance.
Polyurethane cationomers with pendant trialkylammonium groups: Effects of ion content, alkyl group, and neutralizing anion (1994)

Abstract Diphenylmethane‐4,4′‐diisocyanate based polyether polyurethane cationomers were synthesized using 3‐trialkylammonium‐(1,2‐propanediol)iodide (TAPI) as the chain extender. The ionic content was varied by substituting up to 100% of 3‐dialkylamino‐1,2‐propanediol (DAP) for TAPI. Cationomers with bromine and chlorine ions were prepared from the iodine‐based polymer via ion exchange. The morphology and properties of the cationomers were studied as a function of alkyl group, ion content, and anion type using small‐angle x‐ray scattering, tensile testing, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The bulky side groups of DAP and TAPI prevented crystallization in the hard domains, and consequently little or no phase separation was evident in the unionized materials. Polyurethanes with cationic functionality showed dramatic improvements in phase separation and tensile properties. Results suggest tht while ionic interactions are the primary driving force for phase separation, they produce a morphology not typical of ionomers, but rather akin to that of a conventional polyurethane with semicrystalline hard segments. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of Genetically Regulated Gene Expression Identifies a Prefrontal PTSD Gene, SNRNP35, Specific to Military Cohorts (2020)

To reveal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) genetic risk influences on tissue-specific gene expression, we use brain and non-brain transcriptomic imputation. We impute genetically regulated gene expression (GReX) in 29,539 PTSD cases and 166,145 controls from 70 ancestry-specific cohorts and identify 18 significant GReX-PTSD associations corresponding to specific tissue-gene pairs. The results suggest substantial genetic heterogeneity based on ancestry, cohort type (military versus civilian), and sex. Two study-wide significant PTSD associations are identified in European and military European cohorts; ZNF140 is predicted to be upregulated in whole blood, and SNRNP35 is predicted to be downregulated in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, respectively. In peripheral leukocytes from 175 marines, the observed PTSD differential gene expression correlates with the predicted differences for these individuals, and deployment stress produces glucocorticoid-regulated expression changes that include downregulation of both ZNF140 and SNRNP35. SNRNP35 knockdown in cells validates its functional role in U12-intron splicing. Finally, exogenous glucocorticoids in mice downregulate prefrontal Snrnp35 expression.
Melanomagenesis: Overcoming the barrier of melanocyte senescence (2008)

Although melanoma ultimately progresses to a highly aggressive and metastatic disease that is typically resistant to currently available therapy, it often begins as a benign nevus consisting of a clonal population of hyperplastic melanocytes that cannot progress because they are locked in a state of cellular senescence. Once senescence is overcome, the nevus can exhibit dysplastic features and readily progress to more lethal stages. Recent advances have convincingly demonstrated that senescence represents a true barrier to the progression of many types of cancer, including melanoma. Thus, understanding the mechanism(s) by which melanoma evades senescence has become a priority in the melanoma research community. Senescence in most cells is regulated through some combination of activities within the RB and p53 pathways. However, differences discovered among various tumor types, some subtle and others quite profound, have revealed that senescence frequently operates in a context-dependent manner. Here we review what is known about melanocyte senescence, and how such knowledge may provide a much-needed edge in our struggles to contain or perhaps vanquish this often-fatal malignancy.
The Characteristics of PCBs Deposition on Plants (2001)

PCBs(Polychlorinated biphenyls) in air and plants were measured every two weeks at Hankyong University located in Ansung, Kyoung ki province from July to November in 1999. The percentage of tri-CBs(PCB 28) and tetra-CBs(PCB 52) is 49% of the total PCBs in air, which shows these two components are the major congeners. A correlation coefficient(r) of PCB congeners detected in two plants is 0.83 (p
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF NANOPOROUS CYCLODEXTRIN POLYMERS (2008)

The presence of organic contaminants in water has caused great concern over their potential adverse health impact on humans and animals. Organic contaminants found in water are both naturally occurring and synthetic. Various chemical and physical water treatment processes are being used to remove organic contaminants. Conventional water treatment methods include the utilization of activated carbon for the removal of organic contaminants. It is generally conceded that activated carbon owes its adsorptive properties primarily to its large surface area, as well as to its pore size. Although activated carbon is nonselective against most of the water contaminants, it does not remove the concentration of organic contaminants to acceptable levels i.e. ppb. Moreover, activated carbon also absorbs moisture from the air and as a result loses its absorptive effectiveness. For this reason attention has been being given to alternative methods for water treatment especially for the removal of organic pollutants. In this study, cyclodextrin polymers that were water insoluble were synthesized and tested for their ability to remove organic species in water. Cyclodextrins (CDs) and their corresponding derivatives have been used in a wide range of applications including pharmaceutical and pesticide removal and catalysis. Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides derived from enzyme degradation of starch. They are known as molecular hosts capable of including of forming inclusion complexes, with a degree of selectivity, with a range of guest molecules via a noncovalent interaction in their hydrophobic cavities. Although the interaction between cyclodextrin and an organic molecule is the basis for absorption or separation of various organic agents, the solubility of cyclodextrin in water and organic solvents impose limitations to the application of cyclodextrins in water treatment. Therefore, polymerizing a cyclodextrin monomer with an excess of a bifunctional linker produces an insoluble polymer which can form inclusion complexes with guest molecules. In this project, the synthesis of a number of cyclodextrin polymers was performed by reacting cyclodextrin with bifunctional linkers.%%%%Dr. B. B. Mamba Dr. R. W. M. Krause Dr. T. J. Malefetse
A Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Approach with an Endonasal Septal Pushover Technique by Using a Modified Nasal Speculum (2006)

Whereas the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach has been applied in patients with pituitary lesions as a potentially efficacious and less invasive surgical technique, the sinonasal step of a series of the surgical procedures is generally not well known to neurosurgeons. This is one of the reasons why the endoscopic technique has not been fully been adopted as a routine surgical procedure approaching towards the sella. The present paper describes the technical details of a purely endoscopic approach using an endonasal septal pushover technique. We also present a newly designed nasal speculum specialized for this endoscopic endonasal technique. As compared to the endoscopic endonasal approach previously reported, the surgical procedure required for sphenoidotomy with the aid of the modified speculum was simplified and thereby less time-consuming. This technique has been performed in 40 patients with several types of pituitary lesions. All patients recovered rapidly without significant rhinological complications. Despite a limited number of cases, our experience suggests that this simplified endoscopic technique could encourage a more routine use of endoscopes in the endonasal approach for pituitary lesions.
<title>Holographic Optical Element (HOE) For Demultiplexing In Fiber Optic Systems</title> (1980)

A simple, single-element, holographic ally formed device for use as a multiplexer/demultiplexer in wave-length division multiplexing in optical fiber systems is described. The single holographic element performs all the required functions of collection, separation, and focusing. Experimental results for a thick dichromated gelatin HOE are described. Efficiencies of 70% over a bandwidth of 30% have been measured in the visible. Methods of extending the operation to the near IR are discussed.
Inhibition of Gastric H<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase and Acid Secretion by Ellagic Acid (1991)

The effects of ellagic acid on gastric H+, K(+)-ATPase, acid secretion, and the occurrence of gastric ulcers were studied. Ellagic acid inhibited hog gastric H+, K(+)-ATPase activity with a 50% inhibition at 2.1 x 10(-6)M; kinetic studies showed that the inhibition of H+, K(+)-ATPase by ellagic acid is competitive with respect to ATP and is noncompetitive with respect to K+. The effect on gastric ulcers was investigated by using a stress ulcer model. Intraperitoneal administration of ellagic acid at above 5 mg/kg markedly reduced the occurrence of gastric lesion. Ellagic acid significantly reduced acid secretion at the same doses. These results suggest that ellagic acid has a marked inhibitory effect on acid secretion and the occurrence of stress-induced gastric lesions, and these effects may be attributed to the inhibition of H+, K(+)-ATPase activity.
Rho-dependent transcription termination in the tryptophanase operon leader region of Escherichia coli K-12 (1986)

Recent studies have suggested that expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon of Escherichia coli is subject to transcription termination-antitermination control (V. Stewart and C. Yanofsky, J. Bacteriol. 164:731-740, 1985). In vivo studies have indicated that the transcribed leader region, tnaL, contains a site or sites of rho-dependent transcription termination (rho is the polypeptide product of the gene rho). We now report direct in vitro evidence that tnaL contains rho-dependent termination sites. In vivo termination appeared to occur at the rho-dependent termination sites identified in vitro. Transcription pausing analyses correlated sites of pausing in tnaL with sites of rho-dependent termination.
Unique characteristics of histone deacetylase inhibitors in reactivation of latent HIV-1 in Bcl-2-transduced primary resting CD4+ T cells (2013)

We identified unique features of HDAC inhibitor-induced reactivation of latent HIV-1 in primary CD4+ T cells. Our findings may be useful for the design of eradication trials.
Embedded DRAM architectural trade-offs (1998)

In this paper we discuss system-related aspects in embedded DRAM/logic designs. We focus on large embedded memories which have to be implemented as DRAMs.
Self-Sorting in Polymers (2005)

Random and block copolymers containing two different classes of hydrogen-bonding side-chains have been prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The resulting copolymers can be viewed as “universal polymer backbones” based solely on two competitive hydrogen-bonding pairs. The hydrogen-bonding side chains containing thymine and cyanuric acid-based recognition motifs are shown to self-assemble with their complementary diamido pyridine and isophthalic wedge moieties, respectively, even in the presence of competitive recognition sites, i.e., selective functionalization of the copolymers can be accomplished via a one-step orthogonal self-assembly approach displaying self-sorting in a competitive environment. These results clearly demonstrate the concept of self-sorting in synthetic polymers and suggest the design of complex polymeric materials containing competitive noncovalent interactions.
Inhibition of Neutrophil Elastase by Alpha-1-Proteinase Inhibitor Oxidized by Activated Neutrophils (1989)

The present study was aimed at testing whether neutrophil-oxidized alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1PI) is a slow-binding inhibitor of neutrophil elastase like N-chlorosuccinimide-oxidized alpha 1PI or whether it does not inhibit this enzyme at all as currently thought. alpha 1PI was reacted with phorbol-myristate-acetate-activated neutrophils and isolated from the oxidation medium by fast protein liquid chromatography on an anion exchange column. When sufficient time was allowed for oxidized alpha 1PI to react with neutrophil elastase (2 h), enzyme-inhibitor complex formation could be demonstrated by three means: (1) inhibition of elastase activity, (2) detection of the complex using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for the native alpha 1PI-elastase complex, and (3) SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which evidenced a complex with a molecular weight of 80,000. Porcine pancreatic elastase was not inhibited. Neutrophil-oxidized alpha 1PI behaved as an irreversible inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, as revealed by the kinetic analysis of the inhibition reaction. The rate constant for the inhibition of neutrophil elastase by neutrophil-oxidized alpha 1PI (0.76 +/- 0.22 x 10(4) M-1 s-1) was close to that for the inhibition of the enzyme by N-chlorosuccinimide-oxidized alpha 1PI (0.96 +/- 0.24 x 10(4) M-1 s-1), but it was more than three orders of magnitude lower than that for the reaction of native alpha 1PI with neutrophil elastase. Both native and oxidized alpha 1PI were temporary elastase inhibitors: the enzyme slowly and spontaneously escaped the complex with formation of an inactive alpha 1PI derivative with a molecular weight of 49,000.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)