gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microfabrication and characterization of liquid core waveguide glass channels coated with teflon af (2003)

We report on the microfabrication and testing of liquid core waveguides (LCW) using Teflon AF for integration in microfabricated microanalysis systems. Teflon AF has an index of refraction less than that of water allowing it to function as a waveguide when used as a cladding layer surrounding an aqueous core. Straight microchannels (400-μm width, 60-μm depth) etched into Pyrex and soda-lime glass wafers were coated with Teflon AF and sealed with a Teflon AF coated capping wafer. Aqueous fluorescein solutions with varying concentrations were injected into the channels and were illuminated transversely using an ultraviolet light emitting diode. For studying the waveguide attenuation performance, light was focused to a point on the channel. Fluorescence generated in the channel was used to quantify the light collection and waveguide characteristics. The Teflon coating produces a significant enhancement in the amount of light collected in the channel, allowing light to be collected from the 16-mm length tested. This is compared to a control microchannel in glass (no coating), for which the fluorescence drops to the background level in an illumination-detection separation of <4 mm. For sensitivity performance, the entire channel was illuminated. The lower detection limit for spectroscopically resolved fluorescence was ∼10 nMolar.
The Miniaturized Microstrip Antenna with `L' type Plates (2005)

In this paper, the miniaturized linear and circular polarization microstrip antennas are designed and fabricated at the resonant frequency of 1.575GHz. To miniaturize the microstrip patch antenna (MPA), the `L' type plates are attached under the rectangular microstrip patch. In case of the linear polarization, the size of the microstrip antenna attached the 14 plates is reduced to 67.9% (47mm × 47mm) compared with general MPA (83mm × 83mm). The return loss, -10dB bandwidth and gain are -34.4dB, 49MHz (3.1%) and 1.19dBd. And the radiation pattern is broad through the size reduction of the patch. Also in case of the circular polarization, the size of the microstrip antenna with 13 plates is reduced to 54.6% (53mm × 54mm) compared with the general MPA (76mm × 83mm). The gain and axial ratio are 1.36dBd and 1.37dB at 1.575GHz, the 2dB axial ratio bandwidth is 14MHz (0.8%).
Patterning of Rare-Earth Manganate Thin Layer Using Self-Assembled Organic Thin-Film Templates (1999)

The application of these manganates requires preparationof the thin films with particular physico-chemical properties.Cheap and versatile alternatives to physical methods basedon evaporation would be the solution techniques which areparticularly suitable for large-scale production and coatings.Some methods based on the chelating ligands have beenreported but a drawback of deposition processes is that therheology of the solutions requires repeated coatings andintermediate calcinations to obtain films with a relativelythick films of 100 nm. Therefore, we here describe a newsolution method to deposition of thicker films by spin-coat-ing. We have investigated the transport property of theLa
How the misincorporation of ribonucleotides into genomic DNA can be both harmful and helpful to cells (2014)

Ribonucleotides are misincorporated into replicating DNA due to the similarity of deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides, the high concentration of ribonucleotides in the nucleus and the imperfect accuracy of replicative DNA polymerases in choosing the base with the correct sugar. Embedded ribonucleotides change certain properties of the DNA and can interfere with normal DNA transactions. Therefore, misincorporated ribonucleotides are targeted by the cell for removal. Failure to remove ribonucleotides from DNA results in an increase in genome instability, a phenomenon that has been characterized in various systems using multiple assays. Recently, however, another side to ribonucleotide misincorporation has emerged, where there is evidence for a functional role of misinserted ribonucleotides in DNA, leading to beneficial consequences for the cell. This review examines examples of both positive and negative effects of genomic ribonucleotide misincorporation in various organisms, aiming to highlight the diversity and the utility of this common replication variation.
Towards a modular approach for heparin synthesis (2001)

Trisaccharide 23 and sulfated disaccharide 28 have been prepared by a strategy whereby the glucuronic acid moieties were introduced at a late stage of a synthetic sequence by selective oxidation of primary hydroxy groups with TEMPO and NaOCl. During the oxidation step, the primary hydroxy groups of glucosamine moieties were efficiently protected as TBDPS ethers. The oxidation procedure and removal of the TBDPS groups proved to be compatible with the presence of sulfate esters.
Optimizing the Gains of the Baro-Inertial Vertical Channel (1980)

The selection of the three gains in the baro-inertial vertical channel has been formulated as a stochastic optimal control problem, where the objective is to minimize the mean-square error of the indicated vertical velocity. The optimal set of gains is surprisingly different from a conventional set of gains, and it provides a significant performance improvement. Sensitivity of the results to the statistical assumptions is explored. Approximate analytical formulas are presented giving the optimal gains and pole locations as a function of the assumed statistics of the sources of error. A time domain simulation also exhibits the performance improvement.
Fabrication of Pentacene Thin-Film Transistors with Patterned Polyimide Photoresist as Gate Dielectrics and Research of Their Degradation (2004)

Pentacene organic thin-film transistors using commercial photoresist as gate dielectrics were fabricated. The photoresist was spin-coated and directly patterned by photolithography. As a result, the fabrication processes were greatly reduced. With the characteristics of the transistors measured, the degradation of the transistors was investigated. In the search for the factors causing degradation, a transistor using poly(methyl methacrylate) as the gate dielectric was also fabricated. It is regarded that the degradation is caused by the changes at the interface between photoresist and pentacene film.
Mutations in 12 genes for inherited ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal carcinoma identified by massively parallel sequencing (2011)

Inherited loss-of-function mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 and other tumor suppressor genes predispose to ovarian carcinomas, but the overall burden of disease due to inherited mutations is not known. Using targeted capture and massively parallel genomic sequencing, we screened for germ-line mutations in 21 tumor suppressor genes in genomic DNA from women with primary ovarian, peritoneal, or fallopian tube carcinoma. Subjects were consecutively enrolled at diagnosis and not selected for age or family history. All classes of mutations, including point mutations and large genomic deletions and insertions, were detected. Of 360 subjects, 24% carried germ-line loss-of-function mutations: 18% in BRCA1 or BRCA2 and 6% in BARD1, BRIP1, CHEK2, MRE11A, MSH6, NBN, PALB2, RAD50, RAD51C, or TP53. Six of these genes were not previously implicated in inherited ovarian carcinoma. Primary carcinomas were generally characterized by genomic loss of normal alleles of the mutant genes. Of women with inherited mutations, >30% had no family history of breast or ovarian carcinoma, and >35% were 60 y or older at diagnosis. More patients with ovarian carcinoma carry cancer-predisposing mutations and in more genes than previously appreciated. Comprehensive genetic testing for inherited carcinoma is warranted for all women with ovarian, peritoneal, or fallopian tube carcinoma, regardless of age or family history. Clinical genetic testing is currently done gene by gene, with each test costing thousands of dollars. In contrast, massively parallel sequencing allows such testing for many genes simultaneously at low cost.
Thin film transfer process for low cost MCM-D fabrication (1995)

This paper describes a unique, highly flexible cost competitive method to fabricate microelectronic packages that require thin film interconnections. The method involves fabricating thin film metal/polymer structures multi-up on a reusable temporary glass carrier; the thin film stack is transferred later onto product substrates of choice. The final product substrate can be silicon, co-fired alumina or glass-ceramic, aluminum nitride, diamond, or a printed wiring board. Optionally, one can also use the released thin film decal as a flexible high wireability interconnect by itself, as an interposer, or in applications like wafer level testing for known good die (KGD). The thin film wiring structure can be fabricated multi-up on a standardized form factor carrier (independent of the characteristics of the final product substrate) in a thin film interconnect foundry, thus significantly reducing cost both from the economies of scale and full utilization of the thin film factory for a variety of customer needs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synergism of TNF and IL-1 in the Induction of Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 in Trabecular Meshwork (2007)

TNF-alpha, in combination with IL-1alpha or IL-1beta, produced intense synergistic increases in MMP-3 and MMP-12 but not in MMP-9. Induction of IL-1 RI by TNF-alpha partially explains the synergism. Responses of novel JNK and p38 MAP kinase delta and gamma isoforms also partially account for the synergism. Understanding this strong synergistic effect may provide useful insight into optimizing therapeutic regulation of intraocular pressure in glaucoma.
Stem Cell Transplantation in Children with Infantile Osteopetrosis Is Associated with a High Incidence of VOD, Which Could Be Prevented with Defibrotide. (2006)

Abstract Background: Malignant infantile osteopetrosis (MIOP) is a rare hereditary disorder of osteoclast function, which can be reversed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). In recent studies defibrotide (DF) demonstrated superior efficacy in the treatment of hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD). Methods: Twenty children with MIOP were consecutively transplanted in our centre between 1996 and 2005. Eleven of these patients were transplanted between 1996 and 2001 without any VOD prophylaxis. Thereafter nine patients were transplanted between 2001 and 2005 with prophylactic DF from the first day of conditioning until 30 days after SCT because we observed a high incidence of VOD in transplanted patients and explored the prevention of this complication by using DF as a prophylaxis. Results: Patients without DF experienced an overall incidence of VOD of 63.6% (7/11). VOD was severe in three patients and one patient succumbed to VOD related multiorgan failure (MOF). In nine patients consecutively transplanted between 2001 and 2005 only one patient (11.1%) was diagnosed with moderate VOD. Conclusion: SCT in patients with MIOP is associated with a very high risk to develop VOD. Prophylactic DF was implemented in our current transplant protocol and reduced the VOD rate dramatically in this high risk population.
Field-induced color switching in liquid crystal displays (1979)

A new electro-optical guest–host effect is described which changes its color upon the application of a voltage. It is shown that the color change depends on the voltage-induced change of the polarized absorption of dichroic dyes (guests) whose transition moments are primarily parallel (longitudinal) and perpendicular (transverse) to their respective molecular axis. The new effect does not require polarizers and can be operated at low voltages like twisted nematic displays. Its excellent brightness and contrast are much less dependent on large order parameters as compared with other guest–host effects. Analytical expressions describing the dependence of the transmission and color of the effect on dye order parameter and direction of transition moment, elastic and dielectric properties of the liquid crystal (host) matrix, viewing angle and display voltage are derived and compared with experimental results.
Seeing cells in a new light: a renaissance of Brillouin spectroscopy (2016)

Over the years, light scattering from acoustic waves has grown to be increasingly important in the fields of biology and medicine. This type of scattering, known as Brillouin scattering, has already seen a plethora of applications in fields such as physics. However, the potential for Brillouin scattering for medical imaging and diagnostics has only recently been considered. In this work, we summarize most of the applications of Brillouin scattering in biology to date, and some current work in our lab showing how Brillouin scattering is a worthy prospect for many emerging problems in biology and medical diagnostics.
Silicon substrate integrated high Q-factor parallel-plate ferroelectric varactors for microwave/millimeterwave applications (2003)

Parallel-plate Ba0.25Sr0.75TiO3 (BST) varactors with a record high Q factor are fabricated on Si substrate. At 45 GHz the Q factor is about 40, and the tuneability at 25 V is more than 40% in the measured frequency range 0.045–45 GHz. The improvement in the Q factor is achieved by using a thick bottom electrode consisting of Pt (50 nm)/Au (0.5 μm) allowing us to reduce the microwave losses associated with metal layers. The BST films exhibit relatively high permittivity (150) at zero bias and high resistivity (1010 Ω cm) at fields up to 700 kV/cm.
Alternative Complement Pathway Deregulation Is Correlated with Dengue Severity (2009)

The data suggest that an imbalance in the levels of regulatory factors D and H is associated with an abnormal regulation of complement activity in DHF patients.
Generation of libraries by print technologies (1999)

An efficient production of nucleic acid arrays on chips and their applications will open a great potential for biological key indications, such as early diagnostics, diagnostics and therapy monitoring of infections diseases or cancer, diagnostics of genetic diseases, predisposition diagnostics, monitoring of therapeutical principles (gene therapy), etc. However, for a production of thousands of such arrays, appropriate means of oligonucleotide synthesis on various solid supports will be required. Unfortunately, only a few successful ways have been described so far.
Syk Activation Initiates Downstream Signaling Events During Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Phagocytosis (1999)

We investigated the requirement for Syk activation to initiate downstream signaling events during polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) phagocytosis of Ab-coated erythrocytes (EIgG). When PMN were challenged with EIgG, Syk phosphorylation increased in a time-dependent manner, paralleling the response of PMN phagocytosis. Pretreatment of PMN with piceatannol, a Syk-selective inhibitor, blocked EIgG phagocytosis and Syk phosphorylation. We found that piceatannol inhibited protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) and Raf-1 translocation from cytosol to plasma membrane by >90%. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1 and -2 (ERK1 and ERK2) phosphorylation was similarly blocked. We also investigated phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activity and Syk phosphorylation using piceatannol, wortmannin, and LY294002, inhibitors of PI 3-kinase. The phosphorylation of Syk preceded the activation of PI 3-kinase. Both wortmannin and piceatannol inhibited PI 3-kinase, but only piceatannol inhibited Syk. In contrast to piceatannol, wortmannin did not inhibit PKCdelta and Raf-1 translocation. To elucidate signaling downstream of Syk activation, we assessed whether the cell-permeable diacylglycerol analogue didecanoylglycerol could normalize PMN phagocytosis, PKCdelta and Raf-1 translocation, and ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation inhibited by piceatannol. The addition of didecanoylglycerol to the Syk-inhibited phagocytosing PMN normalized all three without a concomitant effect on PI 3-kinase activity and Syk phosphorylation. We conclude that Syk activation following Fcgamma receptor engagement initiates downstream signaling events leading to mitogen-activated protein kinase activation independent of PI 3-kinase activation.
On-Line Diagnosis of Turbine-Generators using Artificial Intelligence (1986)

An Artificial Intelligence (AI) based, on-line Turbine Generator diagnostic expert system which is is presently under development is described. Utilizing the inputs from a number of sensors, the diagnostic system evaluates the condition of the equipment and communicates appropriate action. This is an improvement over present monitoring systems which simply apply alarm limits to the value of each sensed variable. In comparison to a monitoring system, a diagnostic system identifies equipment and instrument problems earlier with a higher degree of accuracy.
Ferric Chloride–Induced Arterial Thrombosis in Mice (2014)

Because of its high sensitivity and reproducibility, the FeCl3 -induced arterial thrombosis mouse model is widely used to study molecular mechanisms as well as the efficacy of antithrombotic agents. The model also carries the additional advantages of being relatively easy to establish and requiring minimal instrumentation. However, the various parameters that influence the outcome must be optimized to the experimental requirements and the individual laboratory conditions. Here, we describe a standard protocol for FeCl3 -induced common carotid artery thrombosis, parameters that influence thrombus growth, ways to optimize the experiment, and interpretation of the data.
Ultrabroadband photodetection based on graphene ink (2010)

We report photodetection in a very large spectral bandwidth, which encompasses ultraviolet, visible and near infrared, using graphene inks or graphene inks functionalized with either gold or silver nanoparticles, or gold nanoparticles further encapsulated with bovine serum albumin deposited on interdigitated electrodes fabricated on a silicon dioxide/silicon substrate. In contrast to gold-functionalized graphene inks, which have responsivities better than 1 mA W(-1) at a 0.1 V bias over the huge bandwidth extending from 215 to 2500 nm, Ag-functionalized inks show at least a four-fold increased responsivity, with a record value of 13.7 mA W(-1) in near infrared.
Overview of simultaneous Vibroseis acquisition methods (2006)

Many methods have been developed in the past 25 years to speed up Vibroseis acquisition. I give an overview of the most promising ones and propose a classification of them in three categories: simultaneous shooting, cascaded sweeps, and slip sweeps. The main features of these methods are summarized and some criteria for the selection of the most suitable are introduced.
BNSF EXPERIENCE: TRACK GEOMETRY INSPECTION TAKING INTO ACCOUNT VEHICLE PERFORMANCE (2005)

This article describes research concerning the partnering between Burlington Northern Santa Fe (BNSF) Railway and the Transportation Technology Center, Inc. that resulted in an implementation of performance-based track geometry (PBTG) inspection technologies. This new technology interfaces with existing track geometry inspection systems, but takes into account the total condition of track geometry, namely curvature, spiral, surface, cross level, alignment, and gauge. The system also takes into account real-time data acquired by the system to perform analyses of L/V ratio, lateral wheel force, and vertical wheel force as derived from track geometry and the operating speed. Finally, PBTG determines the track segments that need repair or maintenance and provides recommendations for how this should be implemented. Researchers concluded after tests of the system that, although there is still work to be done to map instrumented wheelset (IWS) information accurately onto the PBTG, the system catches track defects early, which is the most decisive factor in preventing derailment.
Securing Digital Signature Algorithm against Side Channel Attacks (2020)

Many software implementations for the schemes used for public key cryptosystems, of which elliptic curve cryptography is the most powerful, has been concerned with performance and efficiency. However, the advent of side channel attacks with their diverse categories, such as timing, fault and power analysis attacks, impose us to reconsider new strategies in implementing more secured elliptic curve algorithms to thwart any information leakage that leads to break the security of these algorithms. In this paper, we propose a new optimization on the algorithmic level for computing the arithmetic of elliptic curve point over prime fields to countermeasure side channel attacks that threaten elliptic curve cryptosystems. Indeed, these attacks present nowadays a realistic threat to cryptographic applications and have been proved to be very effective against most cryptosystems. To develop a digital signature algorithm that targets performance and security against side channel attacks, we built a library for the underlying prime fields arithmetic for the common fields specialized by NIST and SECG. Our work can be employed in numerous applications such as, E-health, E-banking, E-commerce and E-governance.
Efficient Implementation of Genetic Algorithms on GP-GPU with Scheduled Persistent CUDA Threads (2015)

In this paper we present a heavily exploration oriented implementation of genetic algorithms to be executed on graphic processor units (GPUs) that is optimized with our novel mechanism for scheduling GPU-side synchronized jobs that takes inspiration from the concept of persistent threads. Persistent Threads allow an efficient distribution of work loads throughout the GPU so to fully exploit the CUDA (NVIDIA's proprietary Compute Unified Device Architecture) architecture. Our approach (named Scheduled Light Kernel, SLK) uses a specifically designed data structure for issuing sequences of commands from the CPU to the GPU able to minimize CPUGPU communications, exploit streams of concurrent execution of different device side functions within different Streaming Multiprocessors and minimize kernels launch overhead. Results obtained on two completely different experimental settings show that our approach is able to dramatically increase the performance of the tested genetic algorithms compared to the baseline implementation that (while still running on a GPU) does not exploit our proposed approach. Our proposed SLK approach does not require substantial code rewriting and is also compared to newly introduced features in the last CUDA development toolkit, such as nested kernel invocations for dynamic parallelism.
Photon routing in cavity QED: Beyond the fundamental limit of photon blockade (2011)

The most simple and seemingly straightforward application of the photon blockade effect, in which the transport of one photon prevents the transport of others, would be to separate two incoming indistinguishable photons to different output ports. We show that time-energy uncertainty relations inherently prevent this ideal situation when the blockade is implemented by a two-level system. The fundamental nature of this limit is revealed in the fact that photon blockade in the strong coupling regime of cavity QED, resulting from the nonlinearity of the Jaynes-Cummings energy level structure, exhibits efficiency and temporal behavior identical to those of photon blockade in the bad cavity regime, where the underlying nonlinearity is that of the atom itself. We demonstrate that this limit can be exceeded, yet not avoided, by exploiting time-energy entanglement between the incident photons. Finally, we show how this limit can be circumvented completely by using a three-level atom coupled to a single-sided cavity, enabling an ideal and robust photon routing mechanism.