gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation on energy efficiency in HetNet CoMP architecture (2014)

The increasing energy consumption driven by striking growths in the number of users and data usage turns out the focal point for mobile operators in fulfilling requirements on cost reduction and environmental impact targets. As a step towards incorporating more energy friendly mobile platforms in future networks, 3GPP LTE-Advanced has adopted coordinated multipoint (CoMP) transmission/reception due to its ability to mitigate and/or coordinate inter-cell interference (ICI). The major CoMP techniques which already existed are joint transmission (JT) and coordinated scheduling/ beamforming (CS/CB). In this paper we propose a novel energy-efficient design (NEED) for heterogeneous network (HetNet) CoMP architecture composing both JT and CS/CB which provides a realistic trade-off for green wireless networks. A feedback based ICI coordination scheme is investigated in terms of different performance metrics (throughput; cell average and cell-edge energy efficiency; radio signaling and backhaul overhead comparison; and power consumption ratio) which eventually helps to reach a decision in favor of the proposed architecture in terms of performance trade-off.
SOA Middleware Support for Service Process Reconfiguration with End-to-End QoS Constraints (2009)

In SOA, services may become volatile and fail to deliver the quality of service as requested by users. In this paper, we present an approach for repairing failed services by replacing them with new services and ensuring the new service process still meets the user specified end-to-end QoS constraints. An iterative structural inspection algorithm is designed to produce reconfiguration regions that include one or more failed service. By reconfiguring only services in the selected regions, the business process will not be affected significantly. The algorithm may also utilize those available QoS constraints to relax the original constraints of a reconfiguration region and to provide more effective reconfiguration solutions. We also present the middleware components to support the service reconfiguration in the LLAMA framework.
Layout Extraction of 3D Models for Interconnect and Substrate Parasitics (1995)

In modern VLSI design it is of vital importance to know the influence of parasitics on the behaviour of the circuit. The most important parasitics are the interconnect resistances, the interconnect (ground and coupling) capacitances and substrate cross-talk. In this paper we present new methods to model these parasitics directly from the layout of a circuit. All methods are implemented in a layout-to-circuit extractor, Space. Space scans the IC layout and during this process a netlist of the circuit is produced. This netlist can be simulated with a circuit simulator, after appropriate stimuli have been added. Thus it can be decided whether the design specifications are met or not. The layout-to-circuit extractor, Space, is suitable for MOS, bipolar and BiCMOS processes. It is capable of recognizing all common active and passive devices. Furthermore it encorporates several methods to model parasitic effects, including substrate cross-talk, both in a heuristic and a fundamental approach. In this paper we only discuss the fundamental, physics-based methods to obtain 3D models of the interconnect parasitics and the substrate cross-talk. Basically we use principles from numerical methods and network theory to obtain a reduced, accurate electrical network describing the parasitics. After the introduction of the methods, we illustrate the use of the proposed methods on practical examples for device characterization and detailed circuit verification. We show that a good agreement with measurements is obtained. 1
Elimination of dead time effects in three phase inverters (2002)

In the design of inverters it is necessary to include a "dead time" in switching signals in order to avoid the simultaneous conduction of the devices on the same electrical trajectory or leg. Incorporation of this dead time produces a modification on commutation real angles with respect to the theoreticals. In this paper, an analysis and compensation of the dead time effects in three phase inverters is presented. It is shown that the dead time generates a decrease in the magnitude voltage of the harmonic fundamental and an increase in the low order harmonics. The paper also includes the implementation of a technique to compensate the dead time effect through the sensing current; this technique is applicable to sinusoidal and programmed PWM techniques. The analysis and compensation of the dead time are validated by means of experimental results in a three phase inverter for an induction motor drive, and a three phase inverter for UPS.
Region Growing Segmentation of Chromatin Clumps of Ovarian Cells Using Adaptive Gradients (2004)

An iterative region growing algorithm for segmentation within the chromatin of ovarian cells is presented. The growing procedure starts with small seed regions that are relatively easier to segment accurately by an intensity thresholding process. In each of the iterations, the growth decision is made based on whether a given test is passed. The growth test is set to pass more easily in the first iterations when the intensities are low and the gradients are high. As the region grows, the test gradually becomes more difficult to pass. The growth stops when it reaches the boundaries where the pixel intensities are high and the gradients decrease to zero. To reduce the noise effects that may interrupt the region growth, a preprocessing median filter is applied to smooth the original image and suppress the image noise. Results are demonstrated on ovarian cells.
Maximally flat bandwidth allocation for variable bit rate video (2002)

When a variable bit rate (VBR) video bitstream is transmitted into a network, the channel utilization is dependent on the maximum peak value of the traffic pattern and improved by reducing the peak rate. A lower bound on the transmission rate is derived from the given traffic cells. Based on the transmission rate constraint, the optimal bandwidth that is needed to meet the delay requirement during an allocation interval is also derived. From the delay bound and the constraints, we demonstrate that the traffic has been made as flat as possible.
A 640*480 pixel computer display using pin diodes with device redundancy (2003)

A report is presented of the successful development of a (640*480)-pixel computer monitor display with a 6 in.*8 in. viewing area using pin diode switches with complete device redundancy. This active matrix liquid-crystal display has an area contrast ratio greater than 20:1 near normal viewing, and greater than 3:1 for horizontal viewing angles of +or-70 degrees . The display can be configured as reflective, transmissive, or transflective. Because of the device redundancy, the absence of crossing lines, the simple diode structure, and the use of a large area projection stepper in processing, the displays show very high yield despite the large size. This high yield makes it ideal for high-volume production as a laptop-computer display.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evolutionary conservation of key structures and binding functions of neural cell adhesion molecules. (1984)

The neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM is a sialic acid-rich, cell surface glycoprotein that mediates cell adhesion by a homophilic mechanism. Its binding function has been implicated in both morphogenesis and histogenesis; during development it changes in amount at the cell surface and perinatally it undergoes a decrease in sialic acid content (embryonic--adult conversion) with an increase in binding efficacy. In the present study, salient aspects of the structure and the mutual binding specificities of N-CAMs from a variety of vertebrate species were examined to determine whether (N-CAM)-mediated adhesion mechanisms have been conserved during evolution. N-CAM immunoreactivity was detected in a series of polypeptides of characteristic molecular weight extracted from brain tissues of all vertebrate species tested, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibia, and bony and cartilaginous fish. Adhesion mediated by N-CAM occurred across species lines as indicated by the co-aggregation of chicken and mouse neural cells. By using a quantitative membrane vesicle aggregation assay, the efficacy of cross-species brain membrane vesicle adhesion in various pairings (chicken-mouse, chicken-frog, mouse-frog) was found to be similar to the efficacy of intra-species adhesion. Effective cross-species aggregation of brain membrane vesicles also occurred in embryonic-embryonic, adult-adult, and embryonic-adult pairings. In a control experiment, embryonic chicken liver membrane vesicles (which do not contain N-CAM) did not co-aggregate with embryonic chicken brain membrane vesicles. Cross-species co-aggregation could be inhibited by Fab' fragments of antibodies of N-CAM and was most effectively inhibited in the presence of mixtures made from the Fab' fragments of specific antibodies prepared against the N-CAMs from each of the animal species constituting a co-aggregating pair. These results suggest that, in accord with the proposed role of N-CAM as a regulator of morphogenesis, both the specificity of the binding region of the molecule and its basic chemical structure have been highly conserved during evolution.
New Examination Syllabus for a New Millennium (1997)

This paper includes a description of the brief given by the Australian Music Examinations Board to create a new 'cello syllabus and Technical Work Book; Topics covered are: The appraisal processes of the Reactor and the Specialist State String Panels; The role of the writer; Criteria and objectives; The format and rationale of the Technical Work Book; Choosing the new repertoire; Comparisons with the previous syllabus; Overview of repertoire choices with special reference to Australian composition; Evalluation by syllabus users; and Effects of the new syllabus on examination candidates.
Eosinophil Inversely Associates with Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance in Chinese Adults (2013)

Higher peripheral eosinophil percentage was associated with decreased risk of T2D. The inverse relation to insulin resistance was detected in NGT participants.
Phenotypic expression in von Hippel-Lindau disease: correlations with germline VHL gene mutations. (1996)

Von Hippel-Lindau disease is an autosomal dominantly inherited familial cancer syndrome predisposing to retinal and central nervous system haemangioblastomas, renal cell carcinoma, and phaeochromocytoma. VHL disease shows variable expression and interfamilial differences in predisposition to phaeochromocytoma. In a previous study of 65 VHL kindreds with defined VHL mutations we detected significant differences between VHL families with and without phaeochromocytoma such that missense mutations were more common and large deletions or protein truncating mutations less frequent in phaeochromocytoma positive families. To investigate the significance and cause of this association further, we studied 138 VHL kindreds for germline mutations and calculated the age related tumour risks for different classes of VHL gene mutations. Using SSCP, heteroduplex and Southern analysis we identified a germline VHL gene mutation in 101 families (73%). Direct sequencing of the VHL coding region further increased the mutation detection rate to 81%. In addition to precise presymptomatic diagnosis, identification of a VHL gene mutation can provide an indication of the likely phenotype. We found that large deletions and mutations predicted to cause a truncated protein were associated with a lower risk of phaeochromocytoma (6% and 9% at 30 and 50 years, respectively) than missense mutations (40% and 59%, respectively) and that missense mutations at codon 167 were associated with a high risk of phaeochromocytoma (53% and 82% at ages 30 and 50 years). Cumulative probabilities of renal cell carcinoma did not differ between the two groups (deletion/ truncation mutations: 8% and 60%, and missense mutations: 10% and 64% at ages 30 and 50 years, respectively). Age related risks for haemangioblastoma were similar in the two mutation groups, with the age related risks of cerebellar haemangioblastoma slightly less (35% and 64% v 38% and 75% at ages 30 and 50 years) and retinal haemangioblastoma slightly higher (45% and 72% v 37% and 64% at ages 30 and 50 years) in the missense mutation group than in the deletion/protein truncation group. These results provide valuable data for counselling VHL families and indicate that specific VHL mutations may be associated with different tumour susceptibility risks. There was no evidence of a generalised increase in age related tumour risks for missense mutations, suggesting that missense mutations predisposing to phaeochromocytoma have tissue specific effects, possibly because the VHL protein has several functions, the importance of which varies from tissue to tissue, or because the proteins which interact with VHL differ between different tissues.
Applications of Pseudo-Polar FFT in Synthetic Aperture Radiometer Imaging (2007)

In this study we analyzed the potential use of Pseudo-Polar FFT algorithm for image reconstruction of synthetic aperture radiometer, and developed an effective method to improve the image reconstruction accuracy and computational efficiency simultaneously. The advantage of the new algorithm is that it takes pseudo-polar grid instead of Cartesian grid to perform the inverse Fourier transform, and it involves only 1-D interpolation, which leading to a more fast.and accurate performance. As a critical stage, the interpolation algorithms that perform the changing from polar grid to pseudo-polar grid are present. At last, the superiority of the new algorithm is validated by numerical simulation. It is believed that the new approach may have wide-spread application in science and practice for synthetic aperture radiometer system.
Human breast cancer cell-mediated bone collagen degradation requires plasminogen activation and matrix metalloproteinase activity. (2005)

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer cells frequently metastasize to the skeleton and induce extensive bone destruction. Cancer cells produce proteinases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the plasminogen activator system (PAS) which promote invasion of extracellular matrices, but whether these proteinases degrade bone matrix is unclear. To characterize the role that breast cancer cell proteinases play in bone degradation we compared the effects of three human breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231, ZR-75-1 and MCF-7 with those of a normal breast epithelial cell line, HME. The cell lines were cultured atop radiolabelled matrices of either mineralized or non-mineralized bone or type I collagen, the principal organic constituent of bone. RESULTS: The 3 breast cancer cell lines all produced significant degradation of the 3 collagenous extracellular matrices (ECMs) whilst the normal breast cell line was without effect. Breast cancer cells displayed an absolute requirement for serum to dissolve collagen. Degradation of collagen was abolished in plasminogen-depleted serum and could be restored by the addition of exogenous plasminogen. Localization of plasmin activity to the cell surface was critical for the degradation process as aprotinin, but not alpha2 antiplasmin, prevented collagen dissolution. During ECM degradation breast cancer cell lines expressed urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and uPA receptor, and MMPs-1, -3, -9,-13, and -14. The normal breast epithelial cell line expressed low levels of MMPs-1, and -3, uPA and uPA receptor. Inhibitors of both the PAS (aprotinin and PA inhibitor-1) and MMPs (CT1166 and tisue inhibitor of metalloproteinase) blocked collagen degradation, demonstrating the requirement of both plasminogen activation and MMP activity for degradation. The activation of MMP-13 in human breast cancer cells was prevented by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 but not by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, suggesting that plasmin activates MMP-13 directly. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that breast cancer cells dissolve type I collagen and that there is an absolute requirement for plasminogen activation and MMP activity in the degradation process.
Effects of continuous compression on the expression of c - fos mRNA in cultured rat osteoblasts (2004)

Objective:To investigate effects of continuous compression on the expression of c - fos mRNA in cultured rat osteoblasts in vitro. Method :Primary rat osteoblasts were obtained from parietal bones of 1 - 2 days old SD rats. The second generation cells were subjected to continuous compression of 3 × 105Pa by compressed air in a sealed container. Total RNA were extracted before application of compression(Oh) and 1/2 h,1 h,2 h after application of compression. The expression of c - fos mRNA were evaluated by reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction( RT - PCR). Result: The expression of c- fos mRNA were increased transiently after application of compression in rat osteoblasts. The expression of c - fos was increased at 1/2 h after application of compression, peaked at Ih and recovered to the level of Oh at 2 h. Conclusion;c- fos maybe participate in the transduction of mechanical signal to biological signal when rat osteoblasts are subjected to continuous compression.
Formation of Tricalcium Silicate Prepared by Electric and Microwave Sintering (2010)

A microwave sintering method was used to prepare C3S from Ca(OH)2, SiO2 and MexOy. f-CaO assay, X-ray diffraction and SEM were used to characterize the sintered samples.The results indicated that ion oxides played a very important role in C3S formation in conventional sintering, the use of MexOy as an additive was so effective in promoting C3S formation. The experimental results showed that samples were heated at an electric heating temperature(1500°C) and then further sintered with microwave for 30~60 min, tricalcium silicate could be formed with kilogram step. The new burning technique can greatly increase the forming speed of tricalcium silicate, MnO2, CuO and Ni2O3 could enhance the microwave sintering.
Particle Swarm Optimization for next generation Smart Grid outage analyses (2012)

Smart Grid realization has been an ultimate goal for the power research community. The goal makes it necessary to incorporate the advanced algorithm and new technologies to make the power system more robust and secure. In order to reduce system-wide blackouts, high order contingency has to be analyzed and extensive work has been performed on N-k contingency studies. This paper proposes to use the Artificial Intelligence algorithm Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in solving cascading power outage failure problems, identifying potential risk, quantifying fitness results, and providing important guidance for system operators and business owners to make informed decisions.
Pulsewidth Modulated Inverter Motor Drives with Improved Modulation (1975)

The performance of inverter drives, which use the pulsewidth modulated (PWM) technique to control motor applied voltage and frequency, are critically influenced by the choice of the modulation policy used in the control circuits. This paper deals with practical inverter drives for squirrel cage induction motors and presents some basic considerations on modulation requirements. The advantages and limitations of popular modulation methods are discussed, and an improved modulation scheme, which allows us to extend the practical speed range of PWM ac drives, is presented.
Motion planning in virtual prototyping: practical considerations (2002)

Electronic or virtual prototyping has been advocated to having benefits ranging from earlier product introduction to higher product quality with a lower cost. Its capability has evolved from enabling concept/assembly evaluation to functional and serviceability related studies by employing motion planning techniques. Such applications have surfaced some practical issues in robotic motion planning. We use our experience in applying opportunistic motion planning techniques to virtual prototyping to highlight those issues.
Detection of tumor-associated circulating mRNA in serum, plasma and blood cells from patients with disseminated malignant melanoma. (2001)

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-based detection of tyrosinase mRNA is a frequently used method for the identification of circulating tumor cells in melanoma patients. The significance and practical value of this procedure for the diagnosis of tumor dissemination in melanoma patients are unclear. The conflicting results may at least partially be related to very low amounts of circulating tumor cells and to our observation that melanoma cells only transiently persist in the peripheral blood. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relevance of detection of extracellular melanoma-specific mRNA in serum and plasma samples in comparison to blood cell samples from patients with disseminated disease (stage IV). We therefore compared the presence of specific mRNA for tyrosinase, gp100, and MART-1 by RT-PCR amplification of specific cDNA from serum, plasma, and whole blood samples of 10 melanoma patients. Melanoma-specific mRNA was detectable in whole blood samples of all ten patients tested indicating the presence of circulating melanoma cells. In addition, tyrosinase mRNA could be detected in the serum and/or plasma of 6 of 10 melanoma patients whereas gp100 and MART-1 specific transcripts were not detectable in any of the samples tested. The presence and integrity of amplifiable RNA was shown in all serum and plasma samples of patients and controls by RT-PCR-specific amplification of porphobilinogen deaminase (PBDG) mRNA. We conclude that tyrosinase mRNA but not gp100 and MART-1 mRNA can be amplified from serum and/or plasma in a subset of melanoma patients showing circulating melanoma cells. Therefore, extracellular-directed assays appear to be less sensitive and efficacious in detecting melanoma-specific transcripts compared to cellular-based assays.
Microelectrode recording revealing a somatotopic body map in the subthalamic nucleus in humans with Parkinson disease (2004)

Evidence of somatotopic organization in the STN in patients with PD supports the current theory of highly segregated loops integrating cortex-basal ganglia connections. These loops are preserved in chronic degenerative diseases such as PD, but may subserve a distorted body map. This finding also supports the relevance of microelectrode mapping in the optimal placement of DBS electrodes along the subthalamic homunculus.
Sensitivity enhancement of OD- and OD-CNT-based humidity sensors by high gravity thin film deposition technique (2015)

The humidity sensing properties of the thin films of an organic semiconductor material orange dye (OD) and its composite with CNTs deposited at high gravity conditions have been reported. Impedance, phase angle, capacitance and dissipation of the samples were measured at 1 kHz and room temperature conditions. The impedance decreases and capacitance increases with an increase in the humidity level. It was found that the sensitivity of the OD-based thin film samples deposited at high gravity condition is higher than the samples deposited at low gravity condition. The impedances and capacitance sensitivities of the of the samples deposited under high gravity condition are 6.1 times and 1.6 times higher than the films deposited under low gravity condition.