gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Philosophical and Ethical Foundations of Systems Thinking (1970)

Drawing on more than a decade of research on the social implications of systems thinking, as well as practical experience in integrative, community-based approaches to education, this paper is an inquiry into philosophical and ethical considerations growing out of recent developments in systems thinking. In his foundational work on general system theory, Ludwig von Bertalanffy distinguishes between three general developments in the systems field: systems technology, systems science, and systems philosophy. These three dimensions of systems thinking each nurture distinct and often widely divergent theoretical and practical orientations. In his abstract for this session, Gary Metcalf asks whether the systems approach really has anything to offer. Science is a form of social feedback; it has created an enormous body of knowledge about the world and shaped humanity’s understanding of the nature of our collective reality. Knowledge then informs action. Assumptions built into scientific frameworks condition certain kinds of actions, as Bertalanffy has noted. Systems thinking as science nurtures a way of thinking that engenders a different kind of practice; systems as philosophy cultivates an ethic of integration and collaboration that has the potential to transform the nature of social organization. Although humanity still has a lot to learn about living more harmoniously and sustainably, systems thinking has made significant contributions in this direction in many fields, both theoretical and practical. The challenge is to integrate what we have learned, to communicate these insights to a larger audience, and to nurture institutional practices that honor the ethical principles inherent in the systems view.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Quinolines Catalyzed by Iridium with Chiral Ferrocenyloxazoline Derived N,P Ligands (2004)

Abstract Chiral ferrocenyloxazoline derived N,P ligands are used in the iridium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of quinolines, and up to 92% ee was obtained. The role of the planar chirality is also studied.
Bifurcations from steady sliding to stick slip in boundary lubrication (1998)

We explore the nature of the transitions between stick slip and steady sliding in models for boundary lubrication introduced in J. M. Carlson and A. A. Batista, Phys. Rev. E 53, 4153 (1996). The models are based on the rate and state approach which has been very successful in characterizing the behavior of dry interfaces [A. Ruina, J. Geophys. Res. 88, 10 359 (1983)]. Our models capture the key distinguishing features associated with surfaces separated by a few molecular layers of lubricant. Here we find that the transition from steady sliding to stick slip is typically discontinuous and sometimes hysteretic. When hysteresis is observed it is associated with a subcritical Hopf bifurcation. In either case, we observe a sudden and discontinuous onset in the amplitude of oscillations at the bifurcation point.
Increases in p53 expression induce CTGF synthesis by mouse and human hepatocytes and result in liver fibrosis in mice (2011)

The tumor suppressor p53 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of non-cancer-related conditions such as insulin resistance, cardiac failure, and early aging. In addition, accumulation of p53 has been observed in the hepatocytes of individuals with fibrotic liver diseases, but the significance of this is not known. Herein, we have mechanistically linked p53 activation in hepatocytes to liver fibrosis. Hepatocyte-specific deletion in mice of the gene encoding Mdm2, a protein that promotes p53 degradation, led to hepatocyte synthesis of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF; the hepatic fibrogenic master switch), increased hepatocyte apoptosis, and spontaneous liver fibrosis; concurrent removal of p53 completely abolished this phenotype. Compared with wild-type controls, mice with hepatocyte-specific p53 deletion exhibited similar levels of hepatocyte apoptosis but decreased liver fibrosis and hepatic CTGF expression in two models of liver fibrosis. The clinical significance of these data was highlighted by two observations. First, p53 upregulated CTGF in a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line by repressing miR-17-92. Second, human liver samples showed a correlation between CTGF and p53-regulated gene expression, which were both increased in fibrotic livers. This study reveals that p53 induces CTGF expression and promotes liver fibrosis, suggesting that the p53/CTGF pathway may be a therapeutic target in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Temperature dependence of dc drift of Ti:LiNbO3 optical modulators with sputter deposited SiO2 buffer layer (1993)

The temperature dependence of the dc drift of Mach–Zehnder external modulators is evaluated based on Ti diffused LiNbO3 with a sputter deposited SiO2 buffer layer. From Arrhenius’ plots of the results, activation energies of the drift rate between 25 and 80 °C were found to be about 1 eV. The activation energy seems to depend on the structural parameters of the SiO2 layer.
Automated software engineering using concurrent class machines (2005)

Concurrent Class Machines are a novel state-machine model that directly captures a variety of object-oriented concepts, including classes and inheritance, objects and object creation, methods, method invocation and exceptions, multithreading and abstract collection types. The model can be understood as a precise definition of UML activity diagrams which, at the same time, offers an executable, object-oriented alternative to event-based statecharts. It can also be understood as a visual, combined control and data flow model for multithreaded object-oriented programs. We first introduce a visual notation and tool for Concurrent Class Machines and discuss their benefits in enhancing system design. We then equip this notation with a precise semantics that allows us to define refinement and modular refinement rules. Finally, we summarize our work on generation of optimized code, implementation and experiments, and compare with related work.
Classification of electrical properties of porous silicon (2000)

The classification of electrical properties of porous silicon is performed on the basis of differences in the structure of this material and in the processes of formation of the regions depleted of charge carriers. It is shown that porous silicon as a class can be subclassified into four groups, each of which has a specific set of characteristic features. For each group, the most probable properties of metal/(porous silicon) and (porous silicon)/(single-crystalline silicon) junctions are described. It is shown that the diversity of electrical properties of porous silicon and its contacts with metallic electrode and silicon substrate brings about the experimentally observed wide set of characteristics of multilayer structures with porous silicon layers.
Changes in bradykinin by membrane plasmapheresis (1994)

血漿交換療法 (PP) の副作用の中でよく起こる低血圧・ショック様症状の原因の一つにブラディキニン (BK) の関与が示唆されている. われわれはRA3例・SLE2例についてPPを行い, ポリエチレン (OP) とポリスルフォン (PS・FS) 膜によるBKの変化とともに, 抗凝固剤としてヘパリン (HP) とメシル酸ナファモスタット (NM) の影響を調べた. その結果, HP使用で15分間血液だけ循環させた時には, BKはPS・FSでは著明に増加したが, OPでは軽度であった. さらに血漿分離600ml時ではOP・PS・FSともにBKの増加は軽度であった. また, 分離血漿中のBKの変化はPS・FSで増加, OPで軽度増加であった. NM使用時のBKは15分後, 600ml血漿分離後とも増加はみとめられなかった. 膜分離法によるPPはHP使用時では, 一次膜だけでもBKの増加が認められるが, NMでは増加を認めなかった.
Steiner triple systems as multiple erasure correcting codes in large disk arrays (2002)

Desirable RAID architectures provide fast performance with minimal overhead costs and short reconstruction times. Increasing the size of a disk array decreases its reliability. Developing new architectures that guarantee no information is lost in the presence of multiple disk failures, therefore, becomes important as disk arrays grow large. One class of 3-erasure correcting codes which have minimal check disk overhead and update penalty arise from a class of well studied combinatorial designs, the Steiner triple systems. They provide data recovery for a large number of 4-erasures as well. A preliminary performance analysis using Steiner triple systems of order 15 as mappings for RAID is performed. The ordering of triples within a system appears to have the greatest impact on system performance.
A taxonomic study of bacteria isolated from grasses: a proposed new species Pseudomonas graminis sp. nov. (1999)

The taxonomic position of a yellow-pigmented group of bacteria, isolated from the phyllosphere of grasses was investigated. Results obtained from restriction analysis of amplified 16S rDNA with seven endonucleases (CfoI, HaeIII, AluI, HinfI, MspI, Sau3A and ScrFI) showed identical restriction patterns for each enzyme of all isolates studied, which suggests that all strains belong to the same species. The grass isolates displayed the characteristics of the genus Pseudomonas. They were Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped with polar flagella. Isolates were catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, and unable to oxidize or ferment glucose with the production of acid. The isolates did not reduce nitrate to nitrite but were able to utilize a wide range of compounds individually as a sole carbon source, with preference being given to the utilization of monosaccharides. The disaccharides tested were not utilized as substrates. The DNA base compositions of the tested strains ranged from 60 to 61 mol% G+C. The major isoprenoid quinone of each was ubiquinone Q-9 and hydroxy fatty acids were represented by 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid and 2-hydroxydodecanoic acid. Comparison of 16S rDNA sequences showed that the bacteria were members of the genus Pseudomonas, with similarity values between 91.5 and 97.7%. DNA-DNA hybridization studies with closely related neighbours revealed a low level of homology (< 27%), indicating that the isolates represent an individual species. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses a new species, Pseudomonas graminis sp. nov. (type strain DSM 11363T), is proposed.
An implicit time-stepping scheme for rigid body dynamics with Coulomb friction (2002)

In this paper a new time-stepping method for simulating systems of rigid bodies is given. Unlike methods which take an instantaneous point of view, our method is based on impulse-momentum equations, and so does not need to explicitly resolve impulsive forces. On the other hand, our method is distinct from previous impulsive methods in that it does not require explicit collision checking and it can handle simultaneous impacts. Numerical results are given for one planar and one three dimensional example, which demonstrate the practicality of the method, and its convergence as the step size becomes small.
Abscisic acid signal transduction in the barley aleurone is mediated by phospholipase D activity (1998)

The plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) are important regulators of the dormancy and germination of seeds. In cereals, GA enhances the synthesis and secretion of enzymes (principally alpha-amylases) in the aleurone cells of the endosperm, which then mobilize the storage reserves that fuel germination. ABA inhibits this enhanced secretory activity and delays germination. Despite the central role of ABA in regulating germination, the signal transduction events leading to altered gene expression and cellular activity are essentially unknown. We report that the application of ABA to aleurone protoplasts increased the activity of the enzyme phospholipase D (PLD) 10 min after treatment. The product of PLD activity, phosphatidic acid (PPA), also increased transiently at this time. The application of PPA to aleurone protoplasts led to an ABA-like inhibition of alpha-amylase production, and induction of the ABA up-regulated proteins ASI (amylase subtilisin inhibitor) and RAB (responsive to ABA). Inhibition of PLD activity by 0.1% 1-butanol during the initial 20 min of ABA treatment resulted in inhibition of ABA-regulated processes. This inhibition coincided with the timing of PLD activation by ABA and was overcome by simultaneous addition of PPA. These results suggest that ABA activates the enzyme PLD to produce PPA that is involved in triggering the subsequent ABA responses of the aleurone cell.
Link Between Chronic Bacterial Inflammation and Alzheimer Disease (2014)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of brain that is associated with dementia, brain atrophy, accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and amyloid-beta peptide in hippocampus and cortex region of the brain. The development of AD is a multifactorial process that may also involve infection with bacterial pathogens. Recent studies suggest that bacteria including spirochetes have the potential to initiate cascade of events, leading to inflammatory condition of the central nervous system. Bacteria and spirochetes are activators of proinflammatory cytokines, generate free radicals, nitric oxide and further induction of apoptosis. Infection with these microbes may be considered as a risk factor for pathophysiology of AD or to cognitive changes. Recent studies have revealed that exposure to these microorganisms induces Aβ accumulation and tau protein phosphorylation, and chronic infections with these pathogenic bacteria can possibly contribute to progression of AD. In this article, we update and review the role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of AD resulting from initiation of cascade events in chronic inflammations and amyloidogenesis. Controlling these chronic infections with antibacterial or anti-inflammatory drugs will allow preventing inflammation, a risk factor for AD.
Early Onset Scoliosis: Future Directions (2007)

Thompson, George H. MD; Lenke, Lawrence G. MD; Akbarnia, Behrooz A. MD; McCarthy, Richard E. MD; Campbell, Robert M. Jr. MD Author Information
Sensory perception of patients on selected antineoplastic chemotherapy protocols (1994)

Antineoplastic chemotherapy (ANCT) is a primary and adjuvant treatment modality for cancer. Although researchers have found that patients who are given preparatory sensory information before various health-care procedures experience less discomfort, literature describing subject's sensory experience before, during, and after ANCT is lacking. The purpose of this study was to elicit sensory responses from subjects before, during, and after one of six cycles of their initial course of treatment on one of two emetogenic ANCT protocols. These descriptions will be used to develop a preparatory sensory nursing intervention that may promote self-care and help cancer patients cope with the distress of chemotherapy. The Sensory Information Questionnaire was administered to a sample of 44 subjects who had just completed a cycle of ANCT. Subjects provided descriptors of all senses. The senses for which subjects most frequently provided descriptors were taste, touch, and smell. Descriptors varied for some sensations according to the chemotherapy drug protocols.
Detailed investigation of high-resolution reflection gratings through angular-selectivity measurements (2007)

We performed an investigation on Bragg reflection gratings recorded in blue-sensitive holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals. The use of a position-sensitive detector allows selective measurements of the reflected light, never before reported in these materials, to our knowledge. We can show that by using this experimental technique it is possible to detect the formation of multiple gratings, even when the transmission spectrum does not show multiple peaks. The results are discussed in the frame of existing coupled-wave theory for anisotropic materials, allowing us to obtain the optical characterization of the gratings.
Operating system for a dedicated common memory multimicroprocessor system (1982)

By using multiple processors it is possible to increase the computing power and hence the complexity of the task that can be managed by a microprocessor-based system. To be useful, such a system must consist of (a) hardware, (b) development software, which provides program development support, and (c) operating-system software which executes on the multiprocessor and provides run-time support for applications programs. In this paper, we present the design of an operating system intended for dedicated real-time multiprocessor applications. The problems encountered in designing such a system are discussed, together with the solutions which we have adopted. The use of our system for parallel processing is illustrated by two example applications.
TOXOCARIASIS: SEROLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS BY INDIRECT ANTIBODY COMPETITION ELISA (1999)

Toxocariasis is caused by infection of man by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati larvae, the common roundworm of dogs and cats. Because larvae are difficult to detect in tissues, diagnosis is mostly based on serology. Non specific reactions are observed mainly due to cross-reactivity with Ascaris sp antigens. This investigation aimed at developing and evaluating an indirect antibody competition ELISA (IACE) employing a specific rabbit IgG anti-Toxocara canis excretory-secretory antigens as the competition antibody, in order to improve indirect ELISA specificity performed for toxocariasis diagnosis. For that, the rabbit IgG was previously absorbed by Ascaris suum adult antigens. Sensitivity and specificity of IACE were first evaluated in 28 serum samples of mice experimentally infected with T. canis embryonated eggs. Adopting cut-off value established in this population before infection, sensitivity and specificity were 100% after 20 days post-inoculation. For human population IACE was evaluated using sera from 440 patients with clinical signs of toxocariasis and the cut-off value was established with 60 serum samples from apparently healthy individuals. Using as reference test the indirect ELISA performed by Adolfo Lutz Institute, sensitivity was 60.2%, specificity was 98% and concordance was 77.3%. Repeatability of IACE was evaluated by the inter-reactions variation coefficient (2.4%).
X-Ray Wafer Probe for Total Dose Testing (1982)

An x-ray source has been developed for total-dose irradiation testing of semiconductor electronic devices at the wafer stage of fabrication. This Semiconductor X-ray Test Source, as it is designated, was designed to provide an intense, uniform exposure to the device under test. The dose-rate range of 50 to 2×105 rad(Si) per minute allows test flexibility, high throughput, and facilitates standardization with fixed dose-rate sources. Bias to the die being irradiated is applied by the wafer prober; and a collimator mounted on the probe card permits the irradiation of discrete areas of the wafer or individual die. An electronic shutter system permits manual or automatic operation. A silicon detector provides a direct measurement of the dose-rate delivered to the device under test. Good correlation between doses administered by a cobalt-60 source and the test source has been demonstrated. Routine probe testing sequences can be accomplished automatically through a computer interface. Safety features include an enclosure that is both radiation-safe and light-tight; a vital shutter system; interlocks; and a warning light.
A novel, fast, high sensitivity biosensor for supporting therapeutic decisions and onset actions for chest pain cases (2019)

In this work, a novel and promising organic nano linker (NL) was prepared <i>via</i> refluxing 5-aminoisophthalic acid and 1,2-phenylenediamine at 80 °C for 48 h. After that, this linker was reacted with manganese chloride to afford a novel manganese metal-organic framework (Mn-MOF). The produced materials were characterized using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, UV, IR, FE-SEM, EDX, TEM, and thermal study. In addition to X-ray diffraction, XPS, magnetic properties and photoluminescence investigation for Mn-MOF. The study was extended to apply Mn-MOF as electroactive material for the preparation of a novel cardiac troponin I (cTn) potentiometric membrane biosensor. The biosensor, based on Mn-MOF with an optimized membrane composition, exhibits a fast, stable and linear-Nernstian response to cTn in the concentration range between 0.01 and 30.0 ng mL<sup>-1</sup> with a pH range between 5.6 and 10.1 and a fast response time of 20 ± 5 s. The detection and quantification limits are 0.055 and, 0.168 ng mL<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The lifetime of the electrode is between 3-12 week without a significant change in the membrane compositions and the performance characteristics based on the storage conditions. The electrode shows high selectivity towards cTn with respect to common interfering analytes. This approach of Mn-MOF-electrode could be addressed, facilitated and helped an emergency departments (EDs) decision-making in patients with chest pain and early myocardial infarction diagnosis. The future vision is converting the present approach to a small device with satisfactory results which will be used in term of point-of-care testing (POCT) for measuring the most important cardiac blood biomarkers.
Dolls Are For the Young At Heart (1957)

Dolls are for little girls to love, but grownup women can play with dolls too. Mrs. W. Paul Jones, wife of an Iowa State English professor, has combined her love of dolls and sewing into a hobby that is also a history of her family wardrobe.
Effects of low‐level laser therapy after Corticision on tooth movement and paradental remodeling (2009)

Abstract Background and Objective Both Corticision and low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) are known to affect the rate of tooth movement. Our objective was to investigate the combined effects of Corticision and LLLT on the tooth movement rate and paradental remodeling in beagles. Study Design/Materials and Methods The maxillary second premolars ( n = 24) of 12 beagles were randomly divided into four groups ( n = 6 per group) based on the treatment modality: group A, only orthodontic force (control); group B, orthodontic force plus Corticision; group C, orthodontic force plus LLLT; group D, orthodontic force plus Corticision and LLLT. Results Ratios of second premolar‐to‐canine movement were greater by 2.23‐fold in group B and 2.08‐fold in group C, but 0.52‐fold lesser in group D than in group A. The peak velocity was observed at an earlier stage of tooth movement in group B but at a later stage in group C during the 8‐week treatment period. At week 8, both tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive osteoclasts on the compression side and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)‐positive osteoblasts on the tension side increased significantly ( P <.05) in group C but decreased in group D. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that the mean apposition length of newly formed mineralized bone during the 8 weeks of treatment significantly increased in both group B (2.8‐fold) and group C (2.2‐fold). In group D, the labeling lines on lamina dura were thin and discontinuous, but intratrabecular remodeling and lamellation were found to be active. Conclusion Periodic LLLT after Corticision around a moving tooth decreased the tooth movement rate and alveolar remodeling activity. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:524–533, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.