gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoxenic culture of the slug parasite Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Nematoda : Rhabditidae) with different bacteria in liquid and solid phase (1995)

Summary- Sixteen bacterial isolates representing thineen species were tested for their ability to support growth of Phasmarhabditis hermaphroditain monoxenic cultures in Petri dishes of agar medium. Thirteen isolates were associated with the nematode in living or dead slugs (DeroGeras reticulaLUm) or in xenic culture. Growth of P. he17naphrodila was obtained on ail isolates but its reproductive capacity differed considerably when cultured with different bacteria. Five species of bacteria which supported vigorous growth of P. hermaphrodita on kidney agar were used to grow it in liquid cultures. Ali supported growth and reproduction but there were significant differences in fmal numbers of nematodes and numbers of dauer larvae forrned. The differences in total numbers were not consistent with differences seen in Petri dish cultures. Providencia rettgeri was found to give the best yields of dauer larvae in liquid culture. ln both liquid and solid phase, monoxenic growth of P. hermaphroditawas bener on media based on pig kidney than on wholly soluble media. Resume - Elevage du parasite de limace Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Nernatoda: Rhabditidae) en milieu liquide et solide avec differentes bacteries- Seize isolats bacteriens, representant treize especes, ont ete testes pour leur capacite a maintenir la croissance de Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita en culture monoxenique sur agar, en boite de Petri. Tous les isolats permenent la croissance de P. hermaphrodita, mais la capacite de reproduction varie considerablement suivant les differentes bacteries. Cinq especes de bacteries ayant permis une croissance vigoureuse de P. hermaphroditaont ete utilisees pour son elevage en milieu liquide. Toutes permenent la croissance et la reproduction du nematode mais des differences significatives se produisent en ce qui concerne le nombre total de nematodes et celui des dauer larvae formees. Les differences entre les chiffres totaux ne sont pas significativement differentes de celles observees dans le cas de culture en boites de Petri. En milieu liquide, Providencia rettgen' parait produire les meilleurs rendements en dauer larvae. Tant en milieu solide que liquide, la croissance monoxenique de P. hermaphrodita est meilleure sur des milieux a base de rognon de porc que sur des milieux ne comportant que des elements entierement solubles.
Amino Ketones. III.<sup>*</sup> β-Tetrahydroisoquinolino Ketones and Derivatives. Reaction with Grignard Reagents<sup>1</sup> (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmino Ketones. III.* β-Tetrahydroisoquinolino Ketones and Derivatives. Reaction with Grignard Reagents1Norman H. Cromwell and John S. BurchCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 6, 872–873Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01234a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01234a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulatory regions of growth-related genes can activate an exogenous gene of the alpha-fetoprotein promoter to a comparable degree in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (2003)

We examined the transcriptional activation by the regulatory regions of the midkine (MK), survivin (SUR), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Luciferase assays showed that the SUR regulatory region exhibited the greatest activity and that the MK regulatory region activated the reporter gene better than the enhancer-linked AFP promoter even in high-AFP-producing cells. The COX-2 and TERT regulatory regions also activated the reporter gene better than the AFP enhancer/promoter in intermediate-AFP-producing cells. Combination of the regulatory regions arranged in tandem modulated their transcriptional activities, depending on the arrangement of the promoters and cells examined. These data suggested that the regulatory regions of the growth-related genes could be useful to activate a therapeutic gene in hepatocellular carcinoma cells irrespective of the amounts of AFP production but combinatory use of the promoter regions could not always contribute to enhanced activity.
Metal-oxide-oxide-metal granular tunnel diodes fabricated by anodization (2011)

A metal-oxide-oxide-metal (MO-OM) junction was fabricated based on anodized Al and Ta granular metal-oxide tunnel junctions. Electrical transport properties of the MO-OM junction were investigated at various temperatures. A strong asymmetric nonlinear current-voltage curve at room temperature indicated a diode-like behavior with a threshold voltage of 0.19 V under forward bias. The nonlinear current-voltage curves under forward and reverse biases were well fitted separately by the Simmons equation (J. G. Simmons, J. Appl. Phys. 34, 1793 (1963)) with barrier thickness, height, and tunneling area treated as variables.
Aromatase expression is increased in BRCA1mutation carriers (2009)

Understanding the link between BRCA1 and aromatase is significant in terms of understanding why carcinogenesis is restricted to estrogen-producing tissues in BRCA1 mutation carriers.
Effects of magnesium and N-ethylmaleimide on the binding of 3H-hydroxybenzylisoproterenol to beta-adrenergic receptors. (1982)

The effects of M&+ and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) on the binding of the tritiated agonist 'H-hydroxybenzylisoproterenol ('H-HBI) to ,%-adrenergic receptors in rat lung membranes were characterized.M&+ increased the apparent density (B,=) of the high affinity component of 'H-HBI binding with a maximal effect observed at 0.1 mM.N o effects on the binding of the antagonist '261-iodohydroxybenzylpindolol ('"I-rWp) were observed at concentrations of M&+ below 10 m ~.At concentrations of M 8 ' over 0.1 m ~, the apparent B,, for the high affinity component of 'H-HBI binding reached a maximal level of 300 to 350 fmol/mg of protein.This value was only 50 to 60% of the total density of receptors determined in studies of the binding of '261-IHYP.The binding of 'H-HBI reached equilibrium within 60 min at 20 "C either in the absence or presence of M&+.In the absence of M&+, the dissociation of 'H-HBI (3 m) was biphasic.Approximately 40% of the binding dissociated with a t 1 / 2 of about 2 min and the remainder dissociated with a t112 of about 40 min.In the presence of M&+, at least 90% of the binding dissociated with a t l / z of over 4 h.Simultaneous incubation of rat lung membranes with NEM and 'H-HBI, followed by washing in the presence of a guanine nucleotidr, resulted in a decrease in the apparent density of '261-IHYP binding sites.When membranes were pretreated with NEM or 'H-HBI alone, there was no effect on the binding of 'zsI-IHYP.Direct determination of 'H-HBI binding to the membranes after co-incubation with NEM revealed significant increases in the apparent B,, for the high affinity component of 'H-HBI binding.The B,, observed in the presence of a maximally effective concentration of NEM (in the absence of M&+) approached that determined in the presence of M&'.However, binding observed in the presence of M 8 + was rapidly reversed by guanyl-5'-ylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) whereas the binding of 'H-HBI observed after co-incubation with NEM (in the presence or absence of M&') was not reversed by guanine nucleotides.The results suggest that Mg2+ promotes formation of a complex consisting of the agonist,
Capillary isotachophoresis/mass spectrometry (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCapillary isotachophoresis/mass spectrometryHarold R. Udseth, Joseph A. Loo, and Richard D. SmithCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 3, 228–232Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00178a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00178a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views337Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cholesterol-Peptide Hybrids to Form Liposome-Like Vesicles for Gene Delivery (2013)

In this paper, four amphiphilic cholesterol-peptide conjugates (Ch-R5H5, Ch-R3H3, Ch-R5 and Ch-R5) were designed and synthesized, and their properties in gene delivery were evaluated in vitro with an aim of developing more efficient gene delivery carriers. These amphiphilic cholesterol-peptide conjugates are composed of hydrophobic cholesterol and positively charged peptides. They were able to self-assemble into micelles at low concentrations and their critical micelle concentrations in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) are ≤85 µg/mL. Amphiphilic cholesterol-peptide conjugates condensed DNA more efficiently than a hydrophilic cationic oligoarginine (R10) peptide with no hydrophobic segment. Their transfection efficiencies were at least two orders of magnitude greater than that of R10 peptide in HEK-293 cells. Moreover, the introduction of histidine residues in cholesterol-peptide conjugates led to higher gene expression efficiency compared with cholesterol-peptides without histidine (Ch-R5 and Ch-R3), and the luciferase expression level was comparable or even higher than that induced by PEI at its optimal N/P ratio. In particular, Ch-R5H5 condensed DNA into smaller nanoparticles than Ch-R3H3 at higher N/P ratios, and the minimum size of Ch-R5H5/DNA complexes was 180 nm with zeta potential of 23 mV, achieved at the N/P ratio of 30. This liposome-like vesicle may be a promising gene delivery carrier for intravenous therapy.
New method of detection and wiping of sensitive information (2011)

One of the biggest problems in sensitive data wiping is to determine if a file is sensitive or not. Data wiping applications have improved a lot, but they cannot determine by themselves if a file is sensitive. The method we propose tries to determine if a file is sensitive by using a pre-defined set of rules initially specified by the user. These rules can update themselves in time, by “learning” from data patterns in previous sensitive files. The hard drive is monitored continuously to detect new sensitive data. Also, our method replaces the standard delete function from Windows with a secure wiping algorithm (overwriting data several times with pre-defined passes), but only for files that are determined to be sensitive.
Using FPGAs to perform embedded image registration (2009)

In computer vision, image registration is a technique used to find the relationship between two images of the same planar region in the world taken from different viewpoints due to the motion of a camera over time. Without a relationship of the coordinate space of one image to another, temporal information will not be fully exploitable, which generally reduces the applicable techniques to those that require only a single
Price Levels: Inflation and Deflation (2015)

Regardless of whether we buy household appliances or daily necessities, we all want low costs and high quality. Prices not only have a major impact on individual purchasing decisions, but also affect each and every person's life. Price levels have a major impact on individuals, enterprises, and the entire economy. As such, when price levels are unstable, governments will typically implement policy measures to manage the prices. Price fluctuations are not only a research topic of macroeconomics, but also closely related to money and finance.
Interpretation of the optical absorption spectrum and of the paramagnetic susceptibility of neodymium trifluoride (1981)

The absorption spectrum of single crystal NdF3 of tysonite structure was recorded at liquid helium temperature up to 33 800 cm−1. 127 Stark levels were obtained and fitted to a mean square deviation of 24 cm−1 with a Hamiltonian involving 12 free atom parameters and four D3h crystal field parameters. The fit was improved to a mean square deviation of 14 cm−1 by adding five supplementary crystal field parameters to approach the real C2 symmetry of the site. The paramagnetic susceptibilities parallel and perpendicular to the trigonal axis in the structure were measured from 4.2 to 1100 K and compared with the values derived from the wave vectors of the 18 lowest Kramers doublets through the application of the Van Vleck formula. An overall good agreement was found. The material is anisotropic, χ∥ being larger than χ⊥.
Changes in allograft bone irradiated at different temperatures (1999)

Secondary sterilisation of allograft bone by gamma irradiation is common, but the conditions under which it is performed vary between tissue banks. Some do so at room temperature, others while the bone is frozen. Bone is made brittle by irradiation because of the destruction of collagen alpha chains, probably mediated by free radicals generated from water molecules. Freezing reduces the mobility of water molecules and may therefore decrease the production of free radicals. We found that bone irradiated at -78 degrees C was less brittle and had less collagen damage than when irradiated at room temperature. These findings may have implications for bone-banking.
Real-time calibration of laser absorption spectrometer using spectral correlation performed with an in-line gas cell (2013)

A real-time drift correction and calibration method using spectral correlation based on a revolving in-line gas cell for laser-based spectroscopic trace-gas measurements has been developed and evaluated experimentally. This technique is relatively simple to implement in laser spectroscopy systems and assures long-term stability of trace-gas measurements by minimizing the effects of external sources of drift in real-time. Spectroscopic sensitivity sufficient for environmental monitoring and effective drift suppression has been achieved for long-term measurements of CO₂ with a quantum cascade laser based spectrometer.
Comparison of circulating MMP-9, TIMP-1 and CA19-9 in the detection of pancreatic cancer. (2010)

Circulating MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were inferior to CA19-9 as markers for detecting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and did not improve the diagnostic accuracy when combined with CA19-9.
Phytoplankton Diversity as Indicator of Water Quality for Fish Cultivation (2008)

Waste water fed fisheries are a common feature in different parts of the world. Yet not all work as efficiently as those operating at East Calcutta Wetland for more than 70 years now. The objective of this study is to unravel the reason for the markedly greater efficiency of the Bheris in fish production compared to other water bodies like rain water ponds or sewage fed fish ponds elsewhere. The study indicates that plankton growth could be an important factor responsible for greater fish production in the Bheris. The architecture of the Bheri itself acts as a facilitator in the process. It is proposed that planktons can act as biomarker for water quality assessment in fish production.
Spectroscopic imaging of tissues using micro-endoscopy (2002)

Recent advances in optics and CCD imaging technology have made possible the advent of small, position sensitive, articulating endoscopes allowing visual access to small cavities within the human body. We present our results for the design, construction and evaluation of a spectrometer capable of measuring molecular fluorescence phenomena as a function of wavelength, position and intensity in small cavities. State-of-the-art micro-endoscope technology is combined with wavelength sorting and CCD imaging to accomplish remote imaging. Presently, images can be magnified by 50x with visual resolution of about 50 LP/mm by direct observation of a USAF resolution target. We detail our biological cell imaging results where a special class of fluorescent molecules (chelate complexes of lathinide (III) polyazamacrocyclic acetates containing pyridine) are introduced into osteosarcoma tissue (a bone cancer tissue). It is shown that the unique molecular site selectivity of the Tb-+3 compound combined with the microendoscopic spectrometer is a useful tool for osteosarcoma rat host investigations in-vivo. We demonstrate that direct observation of the probe molecules in the tissue can yield physiological information regarding interstitial fluid flow in the osteosarcoma tumors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
How bugs are born: a model to identify how bugs are introduced in software components (2020)

Abstract When identifying the origin of software bugs, many studies assume that “a bug was introduced by the lines of code that were modified to fix it”. However, this assumption does not always hold and at least in some cases, these modified lines are not responsible for introducing the bug. For example, when the bug was caused by a change in an external API. The lack of empirical evidence makes it impossible to assess how important these cases are and therefore, to which extent the assumption is valid. To advance in this direction, and better understand how bugs “are born”, we propose a model for defining criteria to identify the first snapshot of an evolving software system that exhibits a bug. This model, based on the perfect test idea, decides whether a bug is observed after a change to the software. Furthermore, we studied the model’s criteria by carefully analyzing how 116 bugs were introduced in two different open source software projects. The manual analysis helped classify the root cause of those bugs and created manually curated datasets with bug-introducing changes and with bugs that were not introduced by any change in the source code. Finally, we used these datasets to evaluate the performance of four existing SZZ-based algorithms for detecting bug-introducing changes. We found that SZZ-based algorithms are not very accurate, especially when multiple commits are found; the F-Score varies from 0.44 to 0.77, while the percentage of true positives does not exceed 63%. Our results show empirical evidence that the prevalent assumption, “a bug was introduced by the lines of code that were modified to fix it”, is just one case of how bugs are introduced in a software system. Finding what introduced a bug is not trivial: bugs can be introduced by the developers and be in the code, or be created irrespective of the code. Thus, further research towards a better understanding of the origin of bugs in software projects could help to improve design integration tests and to design other procedures to make software development more robust.
Growth-promoting Effects of<i>N</i>-Acetylneuraminic Acid-containing Substances on Bifidobacteria (1994)

The use of N-acetylneuraminic acid, sialyl-lactose, and glyco-macropeptide by bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, and their growth-promoting effects on B. longum, B. breve, B. bifidum, and B. infantis were investigated. The data presented here suggest that fortification with N-acetylneuraminic acid-containing substances of infant formula may provide formula-fed infants with a function that human milk possesses.
Gain and noise properties of small-signal erbium-doped fiber amplifiers pumped in the 980-nm band (1992)

The authors have experimentally and theoretically investigated the effects of detuning the pump wavelength on the gain and noise properties of small-signal, erbium-doped fiber amplifiers codirectionally pumped in the 980-nm band. While the pump wavelength can be varied over a wide range with little impact on the gain, a noise penalty is incurred. For amplifiers saturated by amplified spontaneous emission, it is possible to increase the gain by detuning the pump wavelength.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Specific susceptibility to mucormycosis in murine diabetes and bronchoalveolar macrophage defense against Rhizopus. (1984)

To assess the influence of diabetes mellitus in predisposing to pulmonary mucormycosis, a murine model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes was used. Intranasal inoculation of Rhizopus oryzae into diabetic mice resulted in mucormycotic infection with histopathology resembling pulmonary mucormycosis observed in humans. There was no mortality nor infection in inoculated normal mice. Diabetic mice had fatal infections caused by R. oryzae but significantly reduced mortality following inoculation with Aspergillus fumigatus. These findings reflect the specific enhanced susceptibility to mucormycosis observed in human diabetics. Normal bronchoalveolar macrophages formed part of an efficient defense against R. oryzae by inhibiting germination, the critical step in the conversion of R. oryzae to its tissue invasive phase. Bronchoalveolar macrophages inhibited spore germination in vitro and appeared to help prevent germination in vivo. In contrast, spore germination occurred in diabetic mice following intranasal inoculation. Diabetic bronchoalveolar macrophages had a decreased ability to attach to hyphae. In diabetic mice, bronchoalveolar macrophages could damage spores or hyphae of R. oryzae, but serum factors appeared to both promote spore germination and impair attachment of macrophages to spores. This murine model of diabetes mellitus provides an opportunity for evaluation of the relative importance of cell and serum-mediated host factors in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis.