gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling User Activity Preference by Leveraging User Spatial Temporal Characteristics in LBSNs (2014)

With the recent surge of location based social networks (LBSNs), activity data of millions of users has become attainable. This data contains not only spatial and temporal stamps of user activity, but also its semantic information. LBSNs can help to understand mobile users' spatial temporal activity preference (STAP), which can enable a wide range of ubiquitous applications, such as personalized context-aware location recommendation and group-oriented advertisement. However, modeling such user-specific STAP needs to tackle high-dimensional data, i.e., user-location-time-activity quadruples, which is complicated and usually suffers from a data sparsity problem. In order to address this problem, we propose a STAP model. It first models the spatial and temporal activity preference separately, and then uses a principle way to combine them for preference inference. In order to characterize the impact of spatial features on user activity preference, we propose the notion of personal functional region and related parameters to model and infer user spatial activity preference. In order to model the user temporal activity preference with sparse user activity data in LBSNs, we propose to exploit the temporal activity similarity among different users and apply nonnegative tensor factorization to collaboratively infer temporal activity preference. Finally, we put forward a context-aware fusion framework to combine the spatial and temporal activity preference models for preference inference. We evaluate our proposed approach on three real-world datasets collected from New York and Tokyo, and show that our STAP model consistently outperforms the baseline approaches in various settings.
Bacterial adherence as a virulence factor in urinary tract infection (1990)

Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes greater than 90% of urinary tract infections, UTI, in childhood. The capacity to adhere to urinary tract epithelial cells characterizes E. coli strains that cause acute pyelonephritis. Adherence of uropathogenic E. coli is the result of a specific interaction between bacterial adhesins and glycolipid receptors on the host cells, especially the globoseries of glycolipids which share the Galactose alpha 1-greater than 4Galactose beta disaccharide (Gal alpha 1-greater than 4Gal beta). In childhood UTI, Gal alpha 1-greater than 4Gal beta-binding bacteria caused significantly higher body temperature, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and pyuria, and lower renal concentrating capacity, than E. coli lacking this specificity. The Gal alpha 1-greater than 4Gal beta-binding bacteria thus appeared to be more potent inducers of inflammation than other strains. Since inflammation may lead to tissue damage we examined the relationship of infection with Gal alpha 1-greater than 4Gal beta-positive bacteria to renal scarring. The frequency of renal scarring was 5% in boys with Gal alpha 1-greater than 4Gal beta-positive and 40% in boys with Gal alpha 1-greater than 4Gal beta-negative E. coli. Bacterial binding to Gal alpha 1-greater than 4Gal beta can be detected with a commercially available test reagent. This reagent can thus be used as an effective predictor of risk for renal scarring. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pyrogen and inducer of the acute phase reactants. It was shown to be produced locally in the urinary tract, in response to UTI, and to spread systemically. Mucosal challenge with dead bacteria was sufficient to induce the IL-6 response. Circulating IL-6, and/or IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor could explain the fever, as well as increased ESR and CRP found in association with acute symptomatic UTI.
Increased Activated Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV‐I) Tax11‐19–Specific Memory and Effector CD8<sup>+</sup>Cells in Patients with HTLV‐I–Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: Correlation with HTLV‐I Provirus Load (2001)

To discern the T cell subtype associated with T cell differentiation, the expression of CD45RA and CD27 was measured from total CD8(high) cells and from human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) Tax11-19 peptide-specific CD8(+) cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Phenotypically defined memory and/or effector cells (CD45RA(-)CD27(+), CD45RA(+)CD27(-), and CD45RA(-)CD27(-)) were increased in HAM/TSP CD8(+) cells, compared with those of HTLV-I-seronegative healthy control subjects. The percentage of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR-positive cells was also increased in CD8(+) cells of HAM/TSP, compared with those in HLA-DR(+)CD8(+) cells of healthy control subjects. HTLV-I provirus load correlated with the frequency of Tax11-19-specific CD8(+) cells. The high frequency of memory and/or effector type HTLV-I Tax11-19-specific CD8(+) cells suggests that continuous restimulation driven by HTLV-I antigens in vivo may be associated with the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP.
Spatially Modulating Interfacial Properties of Transparent Conductive Oxides: Patterning Work Function with Phosphonic Acid Self‐Assembled Monolayers (2011)

The interface between an organic semiconductor and a transparent conducting oxide is crucial to the performance of organic optoelectronics. We use microcontact printing to pattern pentafluorobenzyl phosphonic acid self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on indium tin oxide (ITO). We obtain high-fidelity patterns with sharply defined edges and with large work function contrast (comparable to that obtained from phosphonic acid SAMs deposited from solution).
Induction of cystine/glutamate transporter in bacterial lipopolysaccharide induced endotoxemia in mice (2007)

xCT is induced in some specific tissues by the administration of LPS. The results suggest that cystine/glutamate transporter plays an important role under the inflammatory conditions.
The tone capture properties of CMA-based interference suppressors (1985)

An earlier paper introduced the constant modulus algorithm (CMA), an adaptive filtering technique for correcting multipath and interference-induced degradations in constant envelope waveforms such as FM and QPSK signals. This algorithm exploits the fact that both multipath propagation and additive interference disrupt the constant envelope property of the received signal. By sensing the received envelope variations, the adaptive algorithm can reset the coefficients of an FIR digital filter so as to remove the variations and, in the process, suppress the various interference components from the desired signal. This paper examines a problem that arises when using CMA to suppress narrow-band interference. If both the interferer and the signal have constant envelope and are spectrally nonoverlapping, then it is possible to find two different filter solutions, one which suppresses the interferer and another which "captures" the interferer and suppresses the desired signal. This paper examines how "capture, can occur and how it may be prevented. This problem is studied by characterizing the algorithm's behavior to an input consisting of only two sinusoids. Assuming slow adaptation, the N-dimensional adaptive weight recursion is shown to compress into a two-by-two recursion in the tone output amplitudes. This simplified recursion is then analyzed to determine what combinations of input amplitudes (signal-to-interference ratios) and filter initial conditions lead to "lock" and which lead to the capture of the interferer. The results are then broadened to include multiple input tones and signals with nonzero bandwidth.
Décret annulant la nomination du citoyen Boursier aux fonctions d'exécuteur des jugements criminels pour le département de Seine-et-Oise, et confirmant celle du citoyen Dupuis, lors de la séance du 6 brumaire an III (27 octobre 1794) (2000)

Bar Jean-Etienne. Décret annulant la nomination du citoyen Boursier aux fonctions d'exécuteur des jugements criminels pour le département de Seine-et-Oise, et confirmant celle du citoyen Dupuis, lors de la séance du 6 brumaire an III (27 octobre 1794). In: Tome C - Du 3 au 18 brumaire an III (24 octobre au 8 novembre 1794) pp. 125-126.
SFS based view synthesis for robust face recognition (2002)

Sensitivity to variations in pose is a challenging problem in face recognition using appearance-based methods. More specifically, the appearance of a face changes dramatically when viewing and/or lighting directions change. Various approaches have been proposed to solve this difficult problem. They can be broadly divided into three classes: (1) multiple image-based methods where multiple images of various poses per person are available; (2) hybrid methods where multiple example images are available during learning but only one database image per person is available during recognition; and (3) single image-based methods where no example-based learning is carried out. We present a method that comes under class 3. This method, based on shape-from-shading (SFS), improves the performance of a face recognition system in handling variations due to pose and illumination via image synthesis.
Anti-human immunodeficiency virus synergism by zidovudine (3'-azidothymidine) and didanosine (dideoxyinosine) contrasts with their additive inhibition of normal human marrow progenitor cells (1991)

The anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity and hemopoietic toxicity of zidovudine (AZT) and didanosine (dideoxyinosine;ddI), alone and in combination, were assessed in a variety of cell types. AZT was more potent than ddI as an inhibitor of HIV in vitro. Synergistic inhibition of HIV by the combination of these agents was observed in MT4 cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and macrophages. Toxicity assessment in vitro by using progenitor (erythroid and granulocyte-macrophage) colony-forming assays with normal human bone marrow showed ddI to be less toxic than AZT. Addition of inhibitory concentrations of ddI to AZT resulted in additive inhibition of progenitor CFUs. These in vitro findings suggest that combinations of ddI and AZT at appropriately modified doses may provide an enhanced degree of selectivity in anti-HIV chemotherapy.
How much anonymity does network latency leak? (2010)

Low-latency anonymity systems such as Tor, AN.ON, Crowds, and Anonymizer.com aim to provide anonymous connections that are both untraceable by “local” adversaries who control only a few machines and have low enough delay to support anonymous use of network services like Web browsing and remote login. One consequence of these goals is that these services leak some information about the network latency between the sender and one or more nodes in the system. We present two attacks on low-latency anonymity schemes using this information. The first attack allows a pair of colluding Web sites to predict, based on local timing information and with no additional resources, whether two connections from the same Tor exit node are using the same circuit with high confidence. The second attack requires more resources but allows a malicious Web site to gain several bits of information about a client each time he visits the site. We evaluate both attacks against two low-latency anonymity protocols—the Tor network and the MultiProxy proxy aggregator service—and conclude that both are highly vulnerable to these attacks.
Determination of friction and feedforward tuning for a DC servomotor-driven slide table (2002)

Feedforward techniques can improve performance of tracking devices which use proportional-integral-differential (PID) controllers. The commercially available controller software used for this project provides an iterative method for determining feedforward gains. This work presents a deterministic method for computing the feedforward gains required to improve performance. The deterministic method can effectively replace the iterative method to save the user time and effort. The deterministic method developed in this paper uses a simple move that consists of a constant acceleration with velocity reversal. With this move, analysis of the controller output with respect to velocity shows the effects of inertia and friction. This information can be directly converted to feedforward gains with knowledge of controller parameters. For a current mode amplifier this information can be converted to physical units for friction and inertia with knowledge of the physical system constants external to the controller. Tests on a slide table driven by DC servomotors show these methods to be effective.
IFN-α produced by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells enhances T cell-dependent naïve B cell differentiation (2011)

The development and quality of a humoral immune response are largely influenced by the environment that supports the activation of naïve B cells. Human PDCs, through their unique capacity to produce high levels of IFN-α, have been shown earlier to enhance B cell responses stimulated by selected TLR ligands. In this study, we investigated whether PDCs also promote B cell activation induced by Th cell interactions and BCR ligation. Sorted human naive CD19(+) CD27(-) B cells were activated in vitro with anti-Ig and irradiated CD4(+) T cells. Under these conditions, the presence of supernatants from TLR-stimulated PDCs increased B cell proliferation, the frequency of B cells that differentiated to CD27(high) CD38(high) cells, and secretion of IgM. Similar results were observed when the B cells were activated in the presence of purified IFN-α. In contrast, supernatants from stimulated MDCs did not augment these functions. Also, IFN-α treatment of B cells up-regulated the expression of costimulatory molecule CD86 but not CD40, CD80, MHC class II, or CD25. Although direct IFN-α exposure of T cells suppressed their proliferative capacity, IFN-α treatment of B cells led to a small increase in their capacity to induce superantigen-driven activation of autologous CD4(+) T cells. In summary, PDCs, via their production of IFN-α, may render B cells more responsive to T cell contact, which in turn, facilitates B cell proliferation and differentiation to antibody-producing cells.
Electronic structures and surface states of the topological insulator<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Bi</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Sb</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2009)

We investigate the electronic structures of the alloyed ${\text{Bi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Sb}}_{x}$ compounds based on first-principles calculations including spin-orbit coupling (SOC), and calculate the surface states of semi-infinite systems using maximally localized Wannier function. From the calculated results, we analyze the topological nature of ${\text{Bi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Sb}}_{x}$, and found the followings: (1) pure Bi crystal is topologically trivial. (2) Topologically nontrivial phase can be realized by reducing the strength of SOC via Sb doping. (3) The indirect bulk band gap, which is crucial to realize the true bulk insulating phase, can be enhanced by uniaxial pressure along $c$ axis. (4) The calculated surface states can be compared with experimental results, which confirms the topological nature. (5) We predict the spin-resolved Fermi surfaces and showed the vortex structures, which should be examined by future experiments.
57. Experiments on the synthesis of potential cortical hormone substitutes. Hydroxy-carbonyl derivatives of diphenyl ether and related compounds (1942)

J. Walker, J. Chem. Soc., 1942, 347 DOI: 10.1039/JR9420000347
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF CABLES FOR SENSOR SYSTEMS (1973)

In the design of cables for use in undersea sensor systems, the majority of cables in present use are heavy, subject to corrosion, and are subjected to some degree of torque generation under tension and resultant kinking upon the sudden release of tension. This article studies the area of cable development with specific interest on materials selection. A supplementaty article will study cable design and associated criteria. The various materials for an undersea cable are given, with characteristics of each material enumerated. An overall evaluation of each material is included, with its advantages and disadvantages discussed.
Effect of the predecomposition of SiF4 on the properties of silicon dioxide deposited at low temperatures using SiF4/SiH4/N2O in a double-plasma process (1995)

A low-temperature (250 °C) plasma deposition process has been developed to prepare silicon dioxide films using SiF4/SiH4/N2O discharge mixtures, decomposing in a separate glow discharge the SiF4 gas just before being fed into the reaction chamber. The deposition rate for these oxides can be higher than 500 Å/min. According to infrared transmittance measurements, the effect of the SiF4 predecomposition is to reduce the amount of hydrogen in the silicon dioxide films. Ellipsometric and chemical etch rate measurements show that films prepared by this approach have better structural properties than those deposited without predecomposing the SiF4 gas. These results suggest that, the silicon–fluorine radicals generated by the predecomposition of the SiF4 gas, change the deposition chemistry in such a way that hinders the incorporation of O–H groups in the films.
Displaced signed distance fields for additive manufacturing (2021)

We propose displaced signed distance fields, an implicit shape representation to accurately, efficiently and robustly 3D-print finely detailed and smoothly curved surfaces at native device resolution. As the resolution and accuracy of 3D printers increase, accurate reproduction of such surfaces becomes increasingly realizable from a hardware perspective. However, representing such surfaces with polygonal meshes requires high polygon counts, resulting in excessive storage, transmission and processing costs. These costs increase with print size, and can become exorbitant for large prints. Our implicit formulation simultaneously allows the augmentation of low-polygon meshes with compact meso-scale topographic information, such as displacement maps, and the realization of curved polygons, while leveraging efficient, streaming-compatible, discrete voxel-wise algorithms. Critical for this is careful treatment of the input primitives, their voxel approximation and the displacement to the true surface. We further propose a robust sign estimation to allow for incomplete, non-manifold input, whether human-made for onscreen rendering or directly out of a scanning pipeline. Our framework is efficient both in terms of time and space. The running time is independent of the number of input polygons, the amount of displacement, and is constant per voxel. The storage costs grow sub-linearly with the number of voxels, making our approach suitable for large prints. We evaluate our approach for efficiency and robustness, and show its advantages over standard techniques.
Characterization of sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable Bacteroides gingivalis proteases by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1989)

Profiles of the proteolytic activities found in Bacteroides gingivalis culture supernatants, outer membranes, vesicles, and cell extracts were analyzed in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels containing covalently bound bovine serum albumin. A total of eight distinct bands of proteolytic activity could be detected. Four of these were found in the culture supernatant (P1, P2, P3, and P4). The outer membranes, vesicles, and the cell extract each contained seven major proteolytic bands (P1, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, and P8). No activity was found in the membrane-free extract, suggesting that the proteases were associated with the cell envelope. With the exception of P7 and P8, all the proteolytic bands were dependent on reducing agents for activity. The eight proteolytic bands were distributed in an identical manner in all four strains of B. gingivalis studied. The effects of protease inhibitors, pH, and heat were determined. Sulfhydryl group reagents and N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone reduced proteolytic activity. The optimum pH was found to be between 7 and 8. A 30-min preincubation at 50 degrees C inactivated the P6, P7, and P8 proteolytic bands. All proteolytic activity was lost after the samples were heated at 75 degrees C for 30 min.
The physics of attosecond light pulses (2004)

The word 'attosecond' (1 as = 10−18 s) officially entered the vocabulary of physics when sub-femtosecond pulses of UV/XUV light produced either by nonlinear frequency conversion of a ultra-short infrared pump pulse or Fourier synthesis of broad bandwidth radiation were established. The physics of these pulses is based on nonlinear, nonperturbative laser–atom interaction: stimulated Raman scattering or high harmonic generation (HHG) is used to generate the necessary bandwidth, which naturally encompasses the visible and UV/XUV spectral range. However, the crucial element for attosecond pulse generation is the control of the spectral phase. New methods of temporal characterization at frequencies lying in the UV/XUV had to be elaborated. These methods rely on the energy/momentum analysis of photoelectrons produced by XUV attosecond flashes in the presence of an intense infrared field whose optical cycle itself becomes the basic clock. Single 650 as pulses have been produced and applied to trace the dynamics of electrons inside atoms following the creation of an inner-shell hole. Periodic combs of 250 as pulses have been synthesized by superposing just four harmonics and applying to the attosecond timing of the electron motion in HHG. Although it is easy to increase the bandwidth by coupling more harmonics, a fundamental limit to the duration of the light bursts produced has been discovered. It is imposed by the lack of synchronization of the different harmonic orders. The current limit is estimated to be 130 as. The latest advances include a direct autocorrelation of an attosecond pulse train and the production of a single 250 as soft x-ray pulse. This paper offers a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in the production and characterization of attosecond light pulses, with a glimpse at the first steps in attophysics.
Study on Preparing Ti6Al4V alloys from V‐Ti bearing Beach Placers (2016)

The traditional Ti6Al4V alloys were obtained by the smelting reduction of V-Ti bearing beach placer by rotary hearth furnace and aluminothermic reaction in laboratory. First, it gets help from combined rotary hearth furnace and grinding magnetic separation process to prepare titanium slag containing vanadium. In this study, a neural network model was used. The comparisons between experiment results and neural network simulation results show that genetic algorithm (GA)-based on back propagation (BP) method can predict the degree of reduction and separation of iron and slag with higher prediction accuracy. Then by aluminothermic reaction process, the optimized process parameters for Ti-V-Al alloys were searched. Al can deoxidize metal V and Ti from the metal oxides of artificial rutile containing vanadium. Finally, traditional Ti6Al4V alloy can be obtained by remelt and adjust the constituents.