gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A source coding and modulation method for power saving and interference reduction in DS-CDMA sensor network systems (2002)

A source coding and modulation technique for reducing multiple access interference (MAI) as well as for reducing power consumption in DS-CDMA wireless sensor network systems is presented. Source symbols are represented by a special coding, termed minimum energy coding (ME coding), which exploits redundant bits for saving power when transmitted via RF links with on-off-keying. Since energy is consumed mostly when high bits are transmitted, the ME coding represents source symbols with the least number of high bits, given an extended word length. When each channel uses the ME coding combined with a spreading code and OOK, fewer high bits are transmitted. It is shown that signal-to-noise ratio is significantly increased and that the error probability is lowered as well. First, the communication system architecture of this low MAI DS-CDMA is described, followed by the principle of interference reduction. Second, a signal model is obtained for the new source coding and transmission process. Third, guidelines for designing the length of codeword, the number of communication channels, and power efficiency are obtained. A RF sensor network system is designed.
Phosphorus- and Arsenic-Bridged Complexes of Metal Carbonyls. III.<sup>1</sup> Cobalt and Manganese Complexes<sup>2</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorus- and Arsenic-Bridged Complexes of Metal Carbonyls. III.1 Cobalt and Manganese Complexes2R. G. HayterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 5, 823–828Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01059a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (745 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Improving the Atom Efficiency of the Wittig Reaction by a “Waste as Catalyst/Co‐catalyst” Strategy (2010)

Waste not want not: Reported is a strategy to improve the atom economy of the Wittig reaction by using it in tandem reactions that directly employ the waste Ph3PO as an in-situ-generated Lewis base catalyst/co-catalyst in the next step (see scheme).
Oxidations With Lead-Tetraacetate. VI. Oxidations of Benzimidazoles, Benzoxazoles and Benzothiazoles (1986)

Benzimidazole is slowly oxidized in the imidazole ring by lead tetraacetate to benzimidazol-2(3H)-one, 1-acetylbenzimidazol-2(3H)-one and N,N'-(o- phenylene ) bisacetamide . With excess oxidant, oxidation also occurs in the benzene ring at C5. Benzoxazole is much more reactive and gives a variety of products formed by oxidation of both rings. Benzothiazole is the least reactive system and suffers only minimal oxidation at C2 of the thiazole ring.
Sciscionella marina gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine actinomycete isolated from a sediment in the northern South China Sea (2009)

The taxonomic position of an actinomycete, designated SCSIO 00231(T), isolated from a sediment sample collected from the northern South China Sea, was determined by using a polyphasic approach. The organism formed fragmented substrate hyphae and sparse aerial mycelium on modified ISP 2 medium. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain SCSIO 00231(T) fell into the family Pseudonocardiaceae, in which it formed a distinct lineage and was loosely associated with Thermocrispum municipale DSM 44069(T), with 93 % similarity. The other closest phylogenetic neighbours were Saccharopolyspora erythraea NRRL 2338(T) (92.6 % similarity) and Amycolatopsis sacchari DSM 44468(T) (93.1 % similarity). The isolate had cell-wall type IV (meso-diaminopimelic acid and whole-cell sugars arabinose, galactose and glucose) and phospholipid type III. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H(4)). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69 mol%. Based on these data, strain SCSIO 00231(T) can be readily distinguished from previously described organisms and represents a new genus within the family Pseudonocardiaceae. The name Sciscionella gen. nov. is proposed, with the novel species Sciscionella marina sp. nov. The type strain of Sciscionella marina is SCSIO 00231(T) (=KCTC 19433(T) =CCTCC AA208009(T)).
Wood Quality of Populus nigra × maxmowiczii. (I) - Variation of Bulk Density, Wood Fiber Dimension, Microfibril Angle, and Number of Leaf Knot within Stem - (1990)

To study the wood quality factors of Populus nigra maxmowiczii known a rapidly growing species, the variations of green moisture contents, bulk density, wood fibre dimensions, microfibril angles, and number of leaf knot in stem wood were investigated. The heartwood contained a higher moisture content than the corresponding sapwood. Bulk density in radial patterns variations decrease outward from the pith, then increase toward the bark. The wood-fiber length and diameters had somewhat smaller values than on Populus alba glandulosa or Populus euramericana. The microfibril angles decreased rapidly toward the outside, and their mean values were about 16 degree. The grain angles run nearly parallel to the cell axies. Number of leaf knot showed a fluctural change above ground level to a point near the base of the crown and then increased rapidly to the top of tree and average number of leaf knot varied exclusively from tree to tree.
Evaluation of SSYA10-001 as a Replication Inhibitor of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Mouse Hepatitis, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses (2014)

We have previously shown that SSYA10-001 blocks severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) replication by inhibiting SARS-CoV helicase (nsp13). Here, we show that SSYA10-001 also inhibits replication of two other coronaviruses, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). A putative binding pocket for SSYA10-001 was identified and shown to be similar in SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and MHV helicases. These studies show that it is possible to target multiple coronaviruses through broad-spectrum inhibitors.
TCP congestion control in shared satellite environments (2003)

This paper describes the use of a transparent TCP gateway to improve the performance of applications operating in a shared secure satellite environment. Typically, a satellite gateway is installed at each end of the satellite link, and the gateways process all traffic traversing the link. With the proliferation of virtual private network (VPN) technologies, multiple encrypted tunnels can be established over a satellite link. If transparent TCP gateways are used to optimize application performance, a pair of gateways are required at the egress points of each tunnel. Many TCP gateways perform poorly in this situation because they do not implement congestion control on their 'satellite' sides, resulting in network congestion between the sending gateways and the satellite uplink. Our approach is to use Space Communications Protocol Standards (SCPS) transparent transport layer gateways, which are capable of implementing a variety of congestion control schemes on their terrestrial and satellite sides. By using a variant of the TCP Vegas congestion control algorithm, the gateways can communicate indirectly (by detecting changes in packet round-trip times) to efficiently share the satellite bandwidth. Results show that this improves performance over end-to-end TCP without congesting the network between the gateways and the uplink as would pure rate-control.
Passive and active constant force-displacement characteristics and optimization of a long-stroke linear actuator (2008)

In applications such as vibration isolation, gravity compensation, pick and place machines, etc., the applicability of commercial low force passive devices is limited and hence would benefit from an improved and preferably variable force level. This paper presents and investigates such a long stroke constant-force versus displacement actuator topology, where analytical and equivalent circuit models are detailed and compared with comprehensive three dimensional (3D) finite element analyses. Furthermore, the optimization of such an actuator by means of aggressive output space mapping is considered. This technique employs a combination of a single analytical equation and a 3D finite element model. Specifically, the optimization is applied to obtain a passive and active force level of 200 N and 300 N, respectively, where the force- displacement response is constant over 60% to 90% of the total stroke.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-C and C-C Chemokine Receptor 7 in Tumor Cell–Lymphatic Cross-talk Promote Invasive Phenotype (2008)

Most carcinomas spread to distant sites through lymphatic vessels. Several preclinical and clinical studies have shown a positive correlation between the incidence of lymph node metastasis and secretion of the lymphatic growth factor vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) by tumor cells, suggesting tumor lymphangiogenesis as an escape mechanism. However, recent evidence has shown VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) expression on tumor cells and autocrine signaling, which increase metastatic potential. Furthermore, there is growing evidence implicating lymphatic-homing chemokine receptors, particularly C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), in lymph node metastasis. We report here that expressions of VEGF-C and CCR7 by tumor cells act synergistically to promote their invasion toward lymphatics. First, VEGF-C acts to increase lymphatic secretion of CCL21, which in turn drives CCR7-dependent tumor chemoinvasion toward lymphatics. Second, VEGF-C acts in an autocrine fashion to increase tumor invasiveness by increasing the proteolytic activity and motility of tumor cells in a three-dimensional matrix. Both of these effects are VEGFR-3 dependent and evident only in three-dimensional environments. We further verified that VEGF-C induces lymphatic CCL21 up-regulation in vivo by direct injection of VEGF-C protein intradermally in the mouse. Taken together, these results bridge the prometastatic functions of CCR7 and VEGF-C in tumors and show that, beyond lymphangiogenesis, VEGF-C promotes tumor invasion toward lymphatics by both autocrine and CCR7-dependent paracrine signaling mechanisms, which may be a significant cause of lymph node metastasis.
Substances interfering with direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens by PCR: effects of bovine serum albumin (1996)

Interfering substances have been reported to inhibit PCR assays for the direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens. Using an internal control, we determined that 52% of respiratory specimens interfered with our PCR assay. On the basis of these findings, we tried to circumvent the problem by simply diluting prepared sediments. With sediment from a routinely processed sputum known to be inhibitory to PCR, one aliquot was prepared in a routine manner for PCR. Remaining sediment was diluted in phosphate-buffered saline, Middlebrook 7H10 broth, or BACTEC 12B broth; an internal control was added to all reaction mixtures and controls. Internal control was detected only in the sample diluted with BACTEC 12B medium. Components of the BACTEC 12B medium including PANTA reagent (polymyxin B, amphotericin B, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim, and azlocillin), reconstituting fluid, 0.2% glycerol, 0.05% Tween 80, and 0.05% bovine serum albumin (BSA) were tested in a similar manner. Only 0.05% BSA resulted in amplification of the internal control DNA. Varying concentrations of BSA were added to 11 aliquots of a respiratory sediment known to be inhibitory to the PCR. Internal control was detected in all reaction mixtures containing 0.00038 to 0.1% BSA. To determine the ability of BSA to override inhibition, respiratory specimens were run in triplicate: undiluted, diluted 1:2 with BACTEC 12B medium, or diluted with 0.026% BSA. For 21 of 22 inhibitory specimens, BSA was able to override the presence of interfering substances. These data suggest that the presence of BSA in a PCR assay is critical for the direct detection of M. tuberculosis in respiratory specimens.
GDF11 Improves Angiogenic Function of EPCs in Diabetic Limb Ischemia (2018)

Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) has been shown to promote stem cell activity and rejuvenate the function of multiple organs in old mice, but little is known about the functions of GDF11 in the diabetic rat model of hindlimb ischemia. In this study, we found that systematic replenishment of GDF11 rescues angiogenic function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and subsequently improves vascularization and increases blood flow in diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia. Conversely, anti-GDF11 monoclonal antibody treatment caused impairment of vascularization and thus, decreased blood flow. In vitro treatment of EPCs with recombinant GDF11 attenuated EPC dysfunction and apoptosis. Mechanistically, the GDF11-mediated positive effects could be attributed to the activation of the transforming growth factor-β/Smad2/3 and protein kinase B/hypoxia-inducible factor 1α pathways. These findings suggest that GDF11 repletion may enhance EPC resistance to diabetes-induced damage, improve angiogenesis, and thus, increase blood flow. This benefit of GDF11 may lead to a new therapeutic approach for diabetic hindlimb ischemia.
Experimental study of a smart foam sound absorber (2011)

This article presents the experimental implementation and results of a hybrid passive/active absorber (smart foam) made up from the combination of a passive absorbent (foam) and a curved polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film actuator bonded to the rear surface of the foam. Various smart foam prototypes were built and tested in active absorption experiments conducted in an impedance tube under plane wave propagation condition at frequencies between 100 and 1500 Hz. Three control cases were tested. The first case used a fixed controller derived in the frequency domain from estimations of the primary disturbance at a directive microphone position in the tube and the transfer function between the control PVDF and the directive microphone. The two other cases used an adaptive time-domain feedforward controller to absorb either a single-frequency incident wave or a broadband incident wave. The non-linearity of the smart foams and the causality constraint were identified to be important factors influencing active control performance. The effectiveness of the various smart foam prototypes is discussed in terms of the active and passive absorption coefficients as well as the control voltage of the PVDF actuator normalized by the incident sound pressure.
Inhibition of Virus Growth by Ouabain: Effect of Ouabain on the Growth of HVJ in Chick Embryo Cells (1972)

The effect of ouabain (g-strophanthin), a cardiac glycoside, on the growth of several enveloped viruses was examined. It was found that the growth of HVJ (Sendai virus) in chick embryo cells was markedly inhibited by the drug at a concentration as low as 5 x 10(-5)m. A virus-inhibitory concentration of ouabain did not cause morphological changes in uninfected cells, nor did it have the capacity to inactivate virus infectivity. Ouabain interfered with the intracellular synthesis of viral macromolecules. Although viral ribonucleic acid and viral antigens were synthesized by the ouabain-treated cells, the rate of synthesis was slower, and the total amounts of these macromolecules were smaller than those in the untreated control cells. It is suggested that ouabain inhibits the function of membrane-bound Na, K-adenosine triphosphatase of the chick embryo cells and thus prevents accumulation of K ion in them. Accumulation of intracellular K ion to a certain level would be needed for events of exponential growth of virus to proceed, and ouabain might inhibit this step by preventing such accumulation of K ion. This view was supported by the finding that the concentration of K ion in the HVJ-infected cells was rapidly reduced by the treatment with ouabain, and that, when the ouabain-treated culture was shifted to a medium containing a higher concentration of K ion than normal medium, virus production started in parallel with the increase of intracellular K ion. The fact that the concentration of K ion in BHK-21 cells, which support virus growth in the presence of ouabain, is not reduced by the treatment with the drug also suggested this possibility.
Evaluating patent portfolios by means of multicriteria analysis (2011)

Valuation of intangible assets is a complex topic where traditional methodologies are not always successful. Nevertheless, intangible assets, like patents, have become of great importance to companies, as their value is considered to be relevant economic and strategic information, so it is necessary to evaluate firms’ patent portfolios. The present research introduces an extended goal programming model to calculate the relative importance of the patents of companies in a patent pool. This information may be useful for patent valuation as well as for management purposes. The proposed multicriteria methodology has been applied to the 19 companies in the MPEG2 patent pool, with a total of 770 valid patents, using 7 criteria to obtain a composite measure of the relative position of the firms in the patent pool. La valoración de activos intangibles constituye un área compleja donde los métodos tradicionales no siempre obtienen buenos resultados. Sin embargo, los activos intangibles, entre ellos las patentes, han ganado importancia en las empresas, de forma que el cálculo de su valor se ha convertido en una cuestión estratégica en muchos casos. Este hecho requiere que las empresas valoren la cartera de patentes en su conjunto. La presente investigación presenta un modelo extendido de programación por metas y su aplicación para el cálculo de la importancia relativa de las patentes. Este modelo puede resultar importante tanto para la valoración de las patentes como para la gestión empresarial. La metodología multicriterio propuesta ha sido aplicado a 19 empresas en el sector de las patentes del formato MPEG2, con un total de 770 patentes válidas, y utilizando 7 criterios con el objetivo de obtener una medida compuesta de la posición relativa de las empresas en el conjunto de patentes.
At least four viral genes contribute to the leukemogenicity of murine retrovirus MCF 247 in AKR mice (1985)

Nucleotide sequences encoding gp70, Prp15E, and the U3 region of the long terminal repeat (LTR) distinguish mink cell focus-forming (MCF) retroviruses that can induce leukemia in AKR mice from closely related MCF and ecotropic murine retroviruses that are nonleukemogenic in all inbred mouse strains tested (Lung et al., Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 44:1269-1274, 1979; Lung et al., J. Virol. 45:275-290, 1983). We used a set of recombinants constructed in vitro from molecular clones of leukemogenic MCF 247 and nonleukemogenic ecotropic Akv to separate and thereby directly test the role of these genetic elements in disease induction. Leukemogenicity tests of recombinants in AKR mice show that introduction of fragments containing either an MCF LTR or MCF gp70 coding sequences can confer only a very low incidence of disease induction on Akv virus, whereas an MCF type Prp15E alone is completely ineffective. Recombinants with an MCF 247 LTR in combination with MCF Prp15E are moderately oncogenic, whereas those with an MCF 247 LTR plus MCF gp70 coding segment are quite highly leukemogenic. Mice infected with the latter virus show a substantial increase in latent period of disease induction relative to MCF 247; this delay can be reduced when Prp15E, and hence the entire 3' half of the genome, is from MCF 247. Surprisingly, sequences in the 5' half of the genome can also contribute to disease induction. We found a good correlation between oncogenicity and recovery of MCF viruses from thymocytes of injected mice, with early recovery and high titers of MCF in the thymus being correlated with high oncogenicity. This correlation held for recombinants with either an MCF or ecotropic type gp70. Together, these results (i) demonstrate that at least four genes contribute to the oncogenicity of MCF viruses in AKR mice and (ii) suggest that recombinants with only some of the necessary MCF type genes induce leukemia because they recombine to generate complete MCF genomes. Although neither Akv nor MCF 247 is leukemogenic in NFS mice, recombinant viruses whose gp70 gene was derived from Akv but whose LTRs were derived from MCF 247 induced a low incidence of leukemia in this mouse strain.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ordered, Very Large Pore MSU-H Silicas Assembled from Water-Soluble Silicates (2001)

Two-dimensional, hexagonally ordered silicas with large uniform mesopores (7.6−11.9 nm) have been assembled through a nonionic supramolecular assembly pathway using sodium silicate as a silica source and the triblock copolymer Pluronic P123 (EO20PO70EO20) as a structure-directing agent. An increase in the synthesis temperature from 308 to 333 K in a one-step procedure led to a systematic increase in the unit-cell size, pore diameter, specific surface area, and pore volume, and to a decrease in the pore wall thickness. The resulting materials exhibited adsorption properties highly similar to those of SBA-15 silica assembled through an electrostatic pathway under strongly acidic conditions, indicating that the framework structure of MSU-H is analogous to that of SBA-15 and consists of ordered large pores connected by micropores in the pore walls. When the one-step synthesis procedure was followed by a post-assembly hydrothermal treatment at 373 K, the resultant MSU-H silicas exhibited framework pores enlarged by 1.7−2.8 nm and substantially increased secondary (textural) porosity, a feature that is not characteristic of SBA-15. These results demonstrated a wide range of possibilities in tailoring the structures of silicas synthesized using low-cost and convenient reagents. In addition, gas adsorption data for the MSU-H silicas allowed us to examine the accuracy of a recently proposed procedure for calculation of the pore size distributions, calibrated using MCM-41 silicas and extrapolated over larger pore sizes. It was found that this procedure overestimates pore diameters for MSU-H silicas, which might be related to the inaccuracy of the aforementioned extrapolation, or to deviations of the MSU-H pore shape from uniform cylindrical pores with the length much larger than the pore diameter.