gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular mechanisms and functions of pyroptosis, inflammatory caspases and inflammasomes in infectious diseases (2017)

Cell death is a fundamental biological phenomenon that is essential for the survival and development of an organism. Emerging evidence also indicates that cell death contributes to immune defense against infectious diseases. Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory programmed cell death pathway activated by human and mouse caspase-1, human caspase-4 and caspase-5, or mouse caspase-11. These inflammatory caspases are used by the host to control bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoan pathogens. Pyroptosis requires cleavage and activation of the pore-forming effector protein gasdermin D by inflammatory caspases. Physical rupture of the cell causes release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, alarmins and endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns, signifying the inflammatory potential of pyroptosis. Here, we describe the central role of inflammatory caspases and pyroptosis in mediating immunity to infection and clearance of pathogens.
Generalized sliding window algorithm with applications to frame synchronization (2002)

All frame synchronization systems have a part that detects out-of-frame condition. This paper proposes a generalized sliding window algorithm for out-of-frame detection. This algorithm includes a large number of new schemes not previously considered. The essential statistical properties of the algorithm are given for a range of cases. The algorithm and the associated statistical analysis can be extended to sliding correlator techniques.
A Hilbert transform product theorem (1986)

The usual product theorem for Hilbert transforms states that under certain conditions x(t)y(t), the Hilbert transform of a product of two signals x(t) and y(t), is equal to x(t)y <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">^</sup> (t), a result having repeated use in simplifying calculations involving modulated waveforms. Several sufficient conditions for the theorem to hold are well-known and appear in the literature. Here, using a time-domain approach, we derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the validity of the theorem and show as an example two signals which have the desired property but which do not satisfy any of the earlier sufficient conditions.
Boosting the Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalytic Performance of Nonprecious Metal Nanocarbons via Triple Boundary Engineering Using Protic Ionic Liquids (2019)

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in aqueous media plays a critical role in sustainable and clean energy technologies such as polymer electrolyte membrane and alkaline fuel cells. In this work, we present a new concept to improve the ORR performance by engineering the interface reaction at the electrocatalyst/electrolyte/oxygen triple-phase boundary using a protic and hydrophobic ionic liquid and demonstrate the wide and general applicability of this concept to several Pt-free catalysts. Two catalysts, Fe-N codoped and metal-free N-doped carbon electrocatalysts, are used as a proof of concept. The ionic liquid layer grafted at the nanocarbon surface creates a water-equilibrated secondary reaction medium with a higher O<sub>2</sub> affinity toward oxygen adsorption, promoting the diffusion toward the catalytic active site, while its protic character provides sufficient H<sup>+</sup>/H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> conductivity, and the hydrophobic nature prevents the resulting reaction product water from accumulating and blocking the interface. Our strategy brings obvious improvements in the ORR performance in both acid and alkaline electrolytes, while the catalytic activity of FeNC-nanocarbon outperforms commercial Pt-C in alkaline electrolytes. We believe that this research will pave new routes toward the development of high-performance ORR catalysts free of noble metals via careful interface engineering at the triple point.
Motion doodles : a sketch-based interface for character animation (2009)

This thesis presents a novel sketch-based interface for animating an articulated human character quickly and with a, limited amount of training. The character is animated by sketching a sequence of simple arcs, loops and lines which are interpreted as an appropriate sequence of steps, jump, flips and other motions. The motion synthesis extracts key feature's from the sketch such as height, distance and timing information allowing a user to create a variety of styles of motion. The details of the sketch interpretation process are discussed for both a 2D and 3D version of the system.
Indentification of the center of friction from pushing an object by a mobile robot (2002)

When mobile robots convey objects on a floor by pushing them, the motion of the pushed object is closely related to the distribution of the frictional force between the object and the floor. When the pushing force vector applied to an object passes through the center of friction which is the centroid of the friction distribution, the motion of the object is a pure translation. The authors describe a method for estimating the friction distribution of an object and the position of the center of friction by pushing the object several times using a manipulator mounted on a mobile robot, which also has a visual sensor. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Contrastive Explanation for Machine Learning (2018)

Introduction. Recent advances in Interpretable Machine Learning (iML) and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) have shown promising approaches that are able to provide human-understandable explanations. However, these approaches have also been criticized for disregarding human behavior in explanation. When humans ask for an explanation they generally contrast the given output against an output of interest. We propose to use this human tendency to ask questions like `Why this output (the fact) instead of the other (the foil)?' as a natural way of limiting an explanation to its key causes.\n\nMethod. In this study we present an end-to-end approach for extracting contrastive explanations for machine learning (ML). First, we define how to apply contrastive explanation to ML. Next, we extensively study 84 iML methods in a systematic literature review to overview approaches for enhancing interpretability in machine learning, and finding method parts most suitable for contrastive explanations. We develop Foil Trees: a model-agnostic approach to extracting explanations for finding the set of rules that causes the explanation to be predicted the actual outcome (fact) instead of the other (foil). \n\nResults. Quantitative validation showed that Foil Trees are able to accurately mimic the decision boundaries of the model it aims to explain (94% fidelity), generalizes well on unseen data (88% accuracy), provides 78% shorter explanations than their non-contrastive counterparts (mean length of 1.19 over 5.37) and does this all in real-time (60ms on average per explanation). Moreover, we conducted a user experiment on 121 participants to establish how contrastive and non-contrastive explanations are perceived in terms of general preference, transparency and trust. We found that contrastive explanations are preferred over non-contrastive explanations in terms of understandability, informativeness of contents and alignment with their own decision-making. This preference lead to an increased general preference and willingness to act upon the decision.\n\nDiscussion. These results suggest that it is feasible to extract generalizable, objectively transparent contrastive explanations for ML, and that contrastive explanations provide an intuitive means to create informative minimal-length human-understandable explanations that are preferable and more persuasive.
Achieving Fairness in Wireless LANs by Enhanced IEEE 802.11 DCF (2006)

Over the past few years, wireless local area networks (WLANs) have gained an increased attention and a large number of WLANs are being deployed in universities, companies, airports etc. Majority of the IEEE 802.11 based WLANs employ distributed coordination function (DCF) in wireless access points (AP) to arbitrate the wireless channel among Wireless Stations (STAs). However, DCF poses serious unfairness problem between uplink and downlink flows. To overcome this unfairness problem, we propose a simple enhancement to the IEEE 802.11 DCF which provides priority to the AP and thus enables it to acquire a larger share of the channel when required. We have demonstrated the unfairness problem through systematic measurements in an experimental test bed of WLAN using the legacy 802.11 DCF. We also developed analytical models to calculate the throughput of AP and the STAs and verify these results through thorough simulations in ns-2. We observe that our simulation results find in good agreement with our analytical models. Results show that our proposed enhancement achieves a fair distribution of bandwidth and improves the throughput (by nearly 300%) for the downlink flows as compared to the DCF, without severely affecting the performance of uplink flows
Kallikrein 8 Is Involved in Skin Desquamation in Cooperation with Other Kallikreins (2006)

Kallikrein type serine proteases, KLK8/neuropsin, KLK6, and KLK7, have been implicated in the proliferation and differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes and in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, their mechanistic roles in these processes remain largely unknown. We applied 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on the wild type (WT) and the Klk8 gene-disrupted (Klk8(-/-)) mouse skin, inducing keratinocyte proliferation similar to the human psoriatic lesion. Klk8 mRNA as well as Klk6 and Klk7 mRNA were up-regulated after 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate application in the WT mice. In contrast, Klk8(-/-) mice showed minimum increases of Klk6 and Klk7 transcripts, the proteins, and enzymatic activities. Relative to the WT, the Klk8(-/-) skin showed less proliferation and an increase in the number of cell layers in the stratum corneum. However, overexpression of Klk8 by adenovirus vector in knock-out keratinocytes did not result in an increase in Klk6 or Klk7 mRNA. The inefficient cleavage of adhesion molecules DSG1 and CDSN in Klk8(-/-) skin contributes to a delay in corneocyte shedding, resulting in the hyperkeratosis phenotype. We propose that in psoriatic lesion, KLK8 modulates hyperproliferation and prevents excessive hyperkeratosis by shedding the corneocytes.
An AlGaAs/GaAs Mach-Zehnder modulator using slow-wave coplanar electrodes (2002)

A wide-band, electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator, using slow-wave coplanar waveguide, travelling-wave electrodes, has been fabricated on an AlGaAs/GaAs substrate. The microwave loss, the microwave index, and the characteristic impedance of the electrodes were measured up to 40 GHz. The loss and the microwave index were 0.5 Np/cm and 3.6 at 40 GHz, respectively. Optical measurements were done up to 20 GHz and exhibited no significant drop in modulation.
Ethylene Polymerization Using (Imino)vanadium(V) Dichloride Complexes Containing (Anilido)methyl-pyridine, -quinoline Ligands–Halogenated Al Alkyls Catalyst Systems (2013)

The effect of ligand and Al cocatalysts in ethylene polymerization, using V(N-1-adamantyl)Cl2(L) [L = 2-(2,6-Me2C6H3)NCH2(C9H6N), 8-(2,6-Me2C6H3)NCH2(C9H6N)] and V(N-2-MeC6H3)Cl2[2-(2,6-R'2C6H3)NCH2(C5H4N)] (R' = Me, iPr), has been explored. The reaction products in the presence of Et2AlCl or Me2AlCl cocatalyst were polyethylene whereas the reaction product of the 2-methylphenylimido analogues in the presence of MAO cocatalyst was 1-butene with high selectivity, suggesting that the catalyst/cocatalyst nuclearity effect plays a role in this catalysis.
Caractère non récupérable de la prime de départ à la retraite du gardien (2008)

International audience
Controlling line tension in thruster assisted mooring systems (2003)

Addresses the potential for energy reduction obtained by using dynamic line tensioning in thruster assisted position mooring systems. Traditionally, mooring systems have been designed in such a way that thruster assistance has not been necessary under normal environmental conditions. However, as oil production moves into deeper waters, such over-dimensioned mooring systems are no longer feasible. Thus, new "hybrid" solutions must be developed, in which increased thruster action compensates for fewer, and lighter, anchor lines. In the paper, controlling the line tensions dynamically is suggested as an additional means of station keeping, and a control law is derived based on passivity. A model consisting of a rigid-body submodel for the vessel, and a finite element submodel for the mooring system is presented and used for simulations. The simulations show the performance of the proposed control system.
Function and morphology of platelets produced for transfusion by intermittent‐flow centrifugation plateletpheresis or combined platelet‐ leukapheresis (1981)

The effects on platelet function of intermittent-flow centrifugation pheresis were measured employing platelets collected from ten donors by combined platelet-leukapheresis with hydroxyethyl starch (LP) and from ten by plateletpheresis (PP) by similar techniques except without starch. Greater numbers of platelets were produced by LP than by PP. Aggregation of platelets collected by both LP and PP was normal (did not differ from prepheresis baseline) to collagen and to 10(-5)M adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Slight impairment to aggregation with 2 X 10(-6)M ADP and 5.5 X 10(-5)M epinephrine occurred with both techniques. These abnormalities, however, were significantly less severe in platelets collected by LP. Platelet morphology by electron microscopy was nearly normal, although glycogen granules were absent in LP platelets. Thus, hydroxyethyl starch, at doses currently used during a single LP, does not enhance abnormalities of platelet aggregation over those expected to result from PP alone. Actually, LP platelets function better in vitro than those collected by PP. Large numbers of platelets can be harvested by LP, and their use as a component that is comparable to PP platelets may mean improved efficiency and reduced costs for pheresis centers.
120-GBaud 32QAM Signal Generation Using Ultra-Broadband Electrical Bandwidth Doubler (2019)

We propose an electrical spectrum synthesis technique using digital pre-processing with an interband crosstalk compensation and newly developed ultra-broadband electrical bandwidth doublers. A 120-GBaud PDM-32QAM signal (net rate: 954.2 Gb/s) has been successfully generated.
Genetic basis for the β‐haemolytic/cytolytic activity of group B <i>Streptococcus</i> (2001)

Group B streptococci (GBS) express a beta-haemolysin/cytolysin that contributes to disease pathogenesis. We report an independent discovery and extension of a genetic locus encoding the GBS beta-haemolysin/cytolysin activity. A plasmid library of GBS chromosomal DNA was cloned into Escherichia coli, and a transformant was identified as beta-haemolytic on blood agar. The purified plasmid contained a 4046 bp insert of GBS DNA encoding two complete open reading frames (ORFs). A partial upstream ORF (cylB) and the first complete ORF (cylE) represent the 3' end of a newly reported genetic locus (cyl) required for GBS haemolysin/cytolysin activity. ORF cylE is predicted to encode a 78.3 kDa protein without GenBank homologies. The GBS DNA fragment also includes a previously unreported ORF, cylF, with homology to bacterial aminomethyltransferases, and the 5' end of cylH, with homology to 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthases. Southern analysis demonstrated that the cyl locus was conserved among GBS of all common serotypes. Targeted plasmid integrational mutagenesis was used to disrupt cylB, cylE, cylF and cylH in three wild-type GBS strains representing serotypes Ia, III and V. Targeted integrations in cylB, cylF and cylH retaining wild-type haemolytic activity were identified in all strains. In contrast, targeted integrations in cylE were invariably non-haemolytic and non-cytolytic, a finding confirmed by in frame allelic exchange of the cylE gene. The haemolytic/cytolytic activity of the cylE allelic exchange mutants could be restored by reintroduction of cylE on a plasmid vector. Inducible expression of cylE, cylF and cylEF demonstrated that it is CylE that confers haemolytic activity in E. coli. We conclude that cylE probably represents the structural gene for the GBS haemolysin/cytolysin, a novel bacterial toxin.
Inside Back Cover: <i>N</i>‐Substituted Phenothiazine Derivatives: How the Stability of the Neutral and Radical Cation Forms Affects Overcharge Performance in Lithium‐Ion Batteries (ChemPhysChem 6/2015) (2015)

A phenothiazine derivative cycles between two electrodes in a lithium-ion battery in its neutral and oxidized states, as reported on p. 1179 by C. Risko, S. A. Odom, and co-workers. In the cover picture, the superimposed butterfly represents the geometries of the two oxidation states: the neutral version is bent and the radical cation is planar.
Biometric template update under facial aging (2014)

Being biological tissues in nature, all biometric traits undergo aging. Aging has profound effects on facial biometrics as it causes change in shape and texture. However aging remain an under-studied problem in comparison to facial variations due to pose, illumination and expression changes. A commonly adopted solution in the state-of-the-art is the virtual template synthesis for aging and de-aging transformations involving complex 3D modelling techniques. These methods are also prone to estimation errors in the synthesis. Another viable solution is to continuously adapt the template to the temporal variation (aging) of the query data. Though efficacy of template update procedures has been proven for expression, lightning and pose variations, the use of template update for facial aging has not received much attention so far. This paper investigates the use of template update procedures for temporal variance due to the facial aging process. Experimental evaluations on FGNET and MORPH aging database using commercial VeriLook face recognition engine demonstrate that continuous template updating is an effective and simple way to adapt to variations due to the aging process.
Tooth-derived bone graft material (2013)

With successful extraction of growth factors and bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) from mammalian teeth, many researchers have supported development of a bone substitute using tooth-derived substances. Some studies have also expanded the potential use of teeth as a carrier for growth factors and stem cells. A broad overview of the published findings with regard to tooth-derived regenerative tissue engineering technique is outlined. Considering more than 100 published papers, our team has developed the protocols and techniques for processing of bone graft material using extracted teeth. Based on current studies and studies that will be needed in the future, we can anticipate development of scaffolds, homogenous and xenogenous tooth bone grafts, and dental restorative materials using extracted teeth.
Maximizing minimum Euclidean distance of spectrally constrained partial response CPM (2002)

Optimized phase pulses, which maximizes the minimum Euclidean distance of spectrally constrained partial response CPM with different pulse lengths and different alphabet sizes, are numerically found. The channel is specified by a narrow spectrum mask, which puts hard requirements on both the width of the spectral main lobe and the size of the spectral side lobes, and AWGN. The phase pulse is parameterized by equidistant sample points, which are connected by cubic spline interpolation and the modulation index is also treated as a parameter. A gain of up to 0.9 dB is obtained compared to GMSK. In addition, some of the new phase pulses provide an advantage for reduced state sequence detection.
Adhesives for the Reattachment of Loose Plaster (1980)

Use of acrylic emulsions to consolidate plaster detaching from ceilings or walls. Thixotropic additives. Fillers and expansion agents. Pre-wetting before injection. Use of caulking gun and kitchen syringe.
Server side round-trip delay measurements in WAP environments (2002)

Wireless Internet access is one of highest increasing service segments in telecom area. It offers the freedom of mobility and mass information backbone to the user. Providing general service quality framework around the system is necessary for a lot of reasons. Measurements and continuous monitoring of network performance is one of the key element of such framework. The methods developed for performance measurements in normal Internet environment cannot be directly applied due to the different properties of the wireless client terminals, used protocol stack and the server content. However, the methodology is usable and with the appropriate modifications the required procedures can be defined. The paper deals with the definition and implementation of the measurements and monitoring of the round trip delay in a WAP based wireless access environment.
A Highly Efficient and Enantioselective Intramolecular Cannizzaro Reaction under TOX/Cu(II) Catalysis (2013)

An asymmetric intramolecular Cannizzaro reaction of aryl and alkyl glyoxals with alcohols has been realized with an unprecedented high level of enantioselectivity, on the basis of a newly developed congested TOX ligand and a gradual liberation protocol of active glyoxals from glyoxal monohydrates. Preliminary results suggested a mechanism of enantioselective addition of alcohols to glyoxals contributing most to the stereoselectivity, other than by the dynamic kinetic resolution of hemiacetal intermediates.
Pattern-based sensing of sulfated glycosaminoglycans with a dynamic mixture of iron complexes (2010)

A dynamic mixture of iron complexes was used as a colorimetric sensor for sulfated glycosaminoglycans. The sensing ensemble was prepared by mixing [FeCl(2)(H(2)O)(4)] with dipicolylamine, the functionalized bipyridyl ligand N-(6-aminohexyl)-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine-4-carboxamide, and the dye Evans Blue. Upon addition of the analytes, characteristic changes in the UV-Vis spectrum of the solutions were observed. The spectral changes allowed identifying different sulfated glucosaminoglycans (unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin, dextran sulfate, chondroitin sulfate A, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate) with the help of a linear discriminant analysis. Furthermore, it was possible to distinguish mixtures of unfractionated heparin and heparan sulfate with good resolution.