gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytoskeleton-mediated Death Receptor and Ligand Concentration in Lipid Rafts Forms Apoptosis-promoting Clusters in Cancer Chemotherapy (2005)

While investigating the mechanism of action of the novel antitumor drug Aplidin, we have discovered a potent and novel cell-killing mechanism that involves the formation of Fas/CD95-driven scaffolds in membrane raft clusters housing death receptors and apoptosis-related molecules. Fas, tumor necrosis factor-receptor 1, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 2/death receptor 5 were clustered into lipid rafts in leukemic Jurkat cells following Aplidin treatment, the presence of Fas being essential for apoptosis. Preformed membrane-bound Fas ligand (FasL) as well as downstream signaling molecules, including Fas-associated death domain-containing protein, procaspase-8, procaspase-10, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase, and Bid, were also translocated into lipid rafts, connecting death receptor extrinsic and mitochondrial intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Blocking Fas/FasL interaction partially inhibited Aplidin-induced apoptosis. Aplidin was rapidly incorporated into membrane rafts, and drug uptake was inhibited by lipid raft disruption. Actin-linking proteins ezrin, moesin, RhoA, and RhoGDI were conveyed into Fas-enriched rafts in drug-treated leukemic cells. Disruption of lipid rafts and interference with actin cytoskeleton prevented Fas clustering and apoptosis. Thus, Aplidin-induced apoptosis involves Fas activation in both a FasL-independent way and, following Fas/FasL interaction, an autocrine way through the concentration of Fas, membrane-bound FasL, and signaling molecules in membrane rafts. These data indicate a major role of actin cytoskeleton in the formation of Fas caps and highlight the crucial role of the clusters of apoptotic signaling molecule-enriched rafts in apoptosis, acting as concentrators of death receptors and downstream signaling molecules and as the linchpin from which a potent death signal is launched.
Glow Discharge Plasmas in Analytical Spectroscopy (2002)

Preface. List of Contributors. Introduction (R. K. Marcus and J. A. C. Broekaert). Optical Emission Spectrometry with Glow Discharges (J. A. C. Broekaert). Mass Spectrometry of Glow Discharges (W. W. Harrison, C. Yang and E. Oxley). Radio Frequency Glow Dicharges (R. K. Marcus). Depth Profile Analysis (A. Bengston). Numerical Modeling of Analytical Glow Discharges (A. Bogaerts and R. Gijbels). Application of Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry in the Steel Industry (K. Kakita). Surfaces, Thin Films and Coatings (R. Payling, et al.). Comparison of Glow Discharge Atomic Spectrometry to Other Surface Analysis Methods (K. Wagatsuma). Analysis of Samples of Nuclear Concern with Glow Discharge Atomic Spectrometry (M. Betti). Analysis of Nonconducting Materials by dc Glow Discharge Spectrometry (A. Bogaerts, et al.). Standards and Reference Materials for Glow Discharge Spectroscopies (M. Winchester). Analysis of Liquid Samples Using Glow Discharge Spectroscopies (R. K. Marcus). GC Speciation with GDMS Detect ion (J. A. Caruso and L. Milstien). Glow Discharge Atomic Emission Spectrometry for the Analysis of Gases and as an Alternative Gas Chromatographic Detector (R. Pereiro, et al.). Low pressure Inductively Coupled Plasmas (H. Evans). Multidimensional Ionization Sources for Plasma source Mass Spectrometry (J. P. Guzowski and G. M. Hieftje). Index.
Hand modeling, analysis and recognition (2001)

Analyzing hand gestures is a comprehensive task involving motion modeling, motion analysis, pattern recognition, machine learning and even psycholinguistic studies. A comprehensive review of various techniques in hand modeling, analysis, and recognition is needed. Due to the multidisciplinary nature of this research topic, we cannot include all the works in the literature. Rather than function as a thorough review paper, this article serves as a tutorial to this research topic. We study 3-D hand models, various articulated motion analysis methods, and gesture recognition techniques employed in current research. We conclude with some thoughts about future research directions. We also include some of our own research results, some of which are shown as examples.
A quantitative test for superoxide radicals produced in biological systems (1982)

The preparation and properties of a partially succinoylated cytochrome c, suited for the detection of superoxide anion radicals in liver microsomes, is reported. By succinoylation of 45% of the primary amino groups of horse heart cytochrome c the activity towards solubilized NADPH--cytochrome P-450 reductase was diminished by 99% compared with native cytochrome c. The capacities of cytochrome b5 and cytochrome c oxidase to reduce the succinoylated ferricytochrome c and oxidize succinoylated ferrocytochrome c respectively were decreased to a similar extent. However, the bimolecular rate constant for the reduction of the partially succinoylated ferricytochrome c by O2-. was estimated to be one-tenth of the value for the reaction of O2-. with native ferricytochrome c a pH 7.7. On this basis the quantification of O2-. generated by NADPH-supplemented liver microsomes became possible. The initial rates of succinoylated ferricytochrome c reduction determined at various finite concentrations of the cytochrome c derivative can be extrapolated to obtain true rates of O2-. generation in a homogeneous system. The problems encountered in the quantitative determination of O2-. produced in biological membranes, e.g. microsomes, are discussed.
Inducible pH homeostasis and the acid tolerance response of Salmonella typhimurium (1991)

The acid tolerance response (ATR) is an adaptive system triggered at external pH (pHo) values of 5.5 to 6.0 that will protect cells from more severe acid stress (J. Foster and H. Hall, J. Bacteriol. 172:771-778, 1990). Correlations between the internal pH (pHi) of adapted versus unadapted cells at pHo of 3.3 indicate that the ATR system produces an inducible pH-homeostatic function. This function serves to maintain the pHi above 5 to 5.5. Below this range, cells rapidly lose viability. Development of this pH homeostasis mechanism was sensitive to protein synthesis inhibitors and operated only to augment the pHi at pHo values below 4. In contrast, classical constitutive pH homeostasis was insensitive to protein synthesis inhibitors and was efficient only at pHo values above 4. Physiological studies indicated an important role for the Mg(2+)-dependent proton-translocating ATPase in affording ATR-associated survival during exposure to severe acid challenges. Along with being acid intolerant, cells deficient in this ATPase did not exhibit inducible pH homeostasis. We speculate that adaptive acid tolerance is important to Salmonella species in surviving acid encounters in both the environment and the infected host.
Sol-Gel Derived Nafion/Silica Hybrid Electrolyte Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs) (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Synthesis of Polysubstituted <i>N</i>-H Pyrroles from Vinyl Azides and 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds (2007)

Two synthetic methods for tetra- and trisubstituted N-H pyrroles are presented: (i) the thermal pyrrole formation by the reaction of vinyl azides with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds via the 1,2-addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to 2H-azirine intermediates generated in situ from vinyl azides; (ii) the Cu(II)-catalyzed synthesis of pyrroles from alpha-ethoxycarbonyl vinyl azides and ethyl acetoacetate through the 1,4-addition reaction of the acetoacetate to the vinyl azides. By applying these two methods, regioisomeric pyrroles can be prepared selectively starting from the same vinyl azides.
Change in optical properties of sapphire substrates by co-implantation of high-energy Zn and O ions (2003)

Ion implantation technique is a convenient way to form nano-particles into host materials. Moreover, there is a possibility to form oxide compound nano-particles by way of co-implantation of metal and oxygen ions. However, there are few reports on the formation of metal oxide nano-particles by way of co-implantation. On the other hand, ZnO is a semiconductor materials with wide and direct band gap, and their nano-crystals have attracted much attention because they could be applicable for optical devices showing blue luminescence. Moreover, it is known that ZnO films can be grown epitaxially on sapphire substrates. By analogy, it is presumably considered that ZnO nano-particles are also grown with orientation relation of sapphire substrates. The aim of this study is to form ZnO nano-particles by way of coimplantation of Zn and O ions into host materials. In this experiments, for the first attempt, Zn and O ions were co-implanted into sapphire substrates, and the change in their optical properties were examined.
Deposition of a-C:H films in a dc glow discharge with a magnetron plasma localized near the anode (2002)

A multielectrode CVD system having a region of crossed magnetic and electric fields is used for the deposition of a-C:H films in a dc glow-discharge plasma. The I-V characteristics of the discharge are taken in the pressure range from 0.004 to 0.1 Pa. The effect of magnetic field on the I-V characteristics is investigated. The film deposition rate as a function of discharge power, hydrocarbon vapor pressure, conductivity and potential of the substrate, and inert gas is studied. The results obtained are discussed in terms of the adsorption mechanism of film condensation in a plasma. The effect of deposition rate on the film properties is analyzed.
Phase Splitting of Wet Steam in Annular Flow Through a Horizontal Impacting Tee (1992)

Summary Phase splitting occurs during gas/liquid two-phase flow through pipe junctions and causes a gas/liquid mass ratio in the outlet legs of the junction that is different from that at the inlet. In steamflood distribution networks, this results in different steam qualities at the outlets of a junction than at the inlet. This, in turn, results in a heat distribution not in accordance with the mass distribution in the outlets of the tee. Because heat management of a steamflood project is important for both economic incentives and ultimate recovery, phase splitting must be understood and controlled. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation conducted on phase splitting of wet steam during annular flow through a horizontal 2-in. impacting tee. The experimental operating range included inlet pressures of 400 and 600 psig, inlet mass fluxes from 1, 180 to 10, 150 lbm/(in.2-hr), inlet steam qualities from 0.2 to 0.8, and outlet vapor extraction ratios for one outlet leg from 0.2 to 0.5. From these experimental data, the relative importance of these variables on phase splitting was determined and correlations to predict the outlet steam qualities were established. These correlations predicted the experimental results of the present investigation and of Azzopardi et al. to within acceptable limits.
ChemInform Abstract: Functions Containing a Carbonyl Group and Two Heteroatoms Other Than a Halogen or Chalcogen (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Thermal Neutron-Capture Cross Section and Resonance-Capture Integral of Ru<sup>106</sup> (1965)

The thermal neutron-capture cross section of 1.0-year Ru106 has been determined from the yield of 22-min Rh107 formed in reactor irradiations. The average of four measurements is 0.146 barns. The experimental error is about ±7% but when systematic errors are included, largely in gamma-ray abundances from Ru106 and Rh107 decay, the uncertainty is about 30%. Cadmium-ratio measurements were made and the resonance-capture integral, including the 1/υ part, was found to be 2.0 ± 0.6 barns for an effective cadmium cutoff of 0.54 eV. These results are relative to a cobalt thermal neutron-capture cross section of 37.5 barns and total resonance integral of 72.7 barns. It has been assumed that neutron capture by Rh106, Ru107 and Rh107 is negligible, that the cross section of Ru106 in the thermal region has a 1/υ dependence and that the neutron spectrum is 1/E in the resonance region.
Group-Based Optimization of Potent and Cell-Active Inhibitors of the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) E3 Ubiquitin Ligase: Structure–Activity Relationships Leading to the Chemical Probe (2<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>)-1-((<i>S</i>)-2-(1-Cyanocyclopropanecarboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-4-hydroxy-<i>N</i>-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)benzyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (VH298) (2017)

The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein is the substrate binding subunit of the VHL E3 ubiquitin ligase, which targets hydroxylated α subunit of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. VHL is a potential target for treating anemia and ischemic diseases, motivating the development of inhibitors of the VHL:HIF-α protein-protein interaction. Additionally, bifunctional proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) containing a VHL ligand can hijack the E3 ligase activity to induce degradation of target proteins. We report the structure-guided design and group-based optimization of a series of VHL inhibitors with low nanomolar potencies and improved cellular permeability. Structure-activity relationships led to the discovery of potent inhibitors 10 and chemical probe VH298, with dissociation constants <100 nM, which induced marked HIF-1α intracellular stabilization. Our study provides new chemical tools to probe the VHL-HIF pathways and new VHL ligands for next-generation PROTACs.
Azaindolizines. 4. Synthesis and formylation of 8-azaindolizines (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAzaindolizines. 4. Synthesis and formylation of 8-azaindolizinesRobert Buchan, Martin Fraser, and Charles ShandCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 14, 2448–2454Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00434a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00434a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views886Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solving large processor configuration problems with the guided genetic algorithm (2002)

The Processor Configuration Problem (PCP) is an NP hard real life problem. The goal involves designing a network of a finite set of processors, such that the maximum distance between any two processors that a parcel of data needs to travel is kept to a minimum. Since each processor has a limited number of communication channels, a carefully designed layout would assist in reducing the overhead for message switching in the entire network. The Guided Genetic Algorithm (GGA) is a hybrid of genetic algorithm and meta heuristic search algorithm: Guided Local Search. As the search progresses, GGA modifies both the fitness function and fitness templates of the candidate solutions based on feedback from the constraints. We are interested in generating processor configurations between eight and 128 processors. GGA is used as a tool to generate these configurations, and is shown to have considerable advantages over published results.
In vitro Demonstration of Cancer Inhibiting Properties from Stratified Self-Organized Micro-Discharge Plasma-Liquid Interface (2017)

Experiments have revealed a nontrivial cancer-inhibiting capability of liquid media treated by the plasma jet capable of forming thinly stratified self-organized patterns at a plasma-liquid interface. A pronounced cancer depressing activity towards at least two kinds of human cancer cells, namely breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and human glioblastoma U87 cancer lines, was demonstrated. After a short treatment at the thinly stratified self-organized plasma-liquid interface pattern, the cancer inhibiting media demonstrate well pronounced depression and apoptosis activities towards tumor cells, not achievable without interfacial stratification of plasma jet to thin (of several um) current filaments, which therefore play a pivotal (yet still not completely clear) role in building up the cancer inhibition properties. Moreover, thinly stratified, self-organized interfacial discharge is capable to efficiently control the ROS and RNS concentrations in the cancer-inhibiting media, and in particular, abnormal ROS/RNS ratios not achievable in discharges which do not form stratified thin-filament patterns could be obtained. These results were explained in terms of interaction of thin plasma filaments of the self-organized pattern with gas and liquid, where the unusual interaction conditions (i.e., high surface-to-volume ratios etc.) cause accumulation of ROS, RNS and other species in unusual ratios and concentrations, thus forming potentially efficient anti-cancer cocktail. Our funding could be extremely important for handling the cancer proliferation problem, and hence, it should be brought to light to attract due attention of the researchers and explore the possible potential of this approach in tackling the challenging problem of high cancer-induced mortality and rising morbidity trends.
Exergy and Irreversible Entropy Production Thermodynamic Concepts for Control Design: Nonlinear Systems (2006)

This paper develops a novel control system design methodology that uniquely combines: concepts from thermodynamic exergy and entropy; Hamiltonian systems; Lyapunov's direct method and Lyapunov optimal analysis; electric AC power concepts; and power flow analysis. Relationships are derived between exergy/entropy and Lyapunov optimal functions for Hamiltonian systems. The methodology is demonstrated with two fundamental numerical simulation examples: 1) a Duffing oscillator/Coulomb friction nonlinear model that employs PID regulator control and 2) a van der Pol nonlinear oscillator system. The control system performances and/or appropriately identified terms are partitioned and evaluated based on exergy generation and exergy dissipation terms. This novel nonlinear control methodology results in both necessary and sufficient conditions for stability of nonlinear systems
Morphine tolerance in rats: Congruence with a Pavlovian paradigm. (1981)

Evidence for associational and nonassociational mechanisms of tolerance development was found in four experiments using an automated flinch/jump assessment of morphine's analgesic effects. Rats receiving morphine in a distinctive environment displayed greater tolerance when tested in that environment than animals receiving equal but unpaired exposure to the drug and environment. This context effect occurred at low (5 mg/kg) and moderate (20 mg/kg) doses and was attenuated by predrug exposure to the tolerance-test environment. This attenuation was found to be due to latent inhibition rather than to stress induction or novelty reduction. In general, results of this series of experiments support a Pavlovian model of contextually mediated tolerance and are inconsistent with other explanations.
Interval methods for fault-tree analysis in robotics (2001)

This paper describes a novel technique, based on interval methods, for estimating reliability using fault trees. The approach encodes inherent uncertainty in the input data by modeling these data in terms of intervals. Appropriate interval arithmetic is then used to propagate the data through standard fault trees to generate output distributions which reflect the uncertainty in the input data. Through a canonical example of reliability estimation for a robot manipulator system, we show how the use of this novel interval method appreciably improves the accuracy of reliability estimates over existing approaches to the problem of uncertain input data. This method avoids the key problem of loss of uncertainty inherent in some approaches when applied to noncoherent systems. It is further shown that the method has advantages over approaches based on partial simulation of the input-data space because it can provide guaranteed bounds for the estimates in reasonable times.
Comparative evaluation of Myolaxin and EM LA cream for attenuation of venous cannulation pain: A prospective, randomised, double blind study (2007)

We evaluated the efficacy of topical Myolaxin (capsaican ointment, Geno, Mumbai) ointment over EMLA (eutectic mixture of lignocaine, prilocaine; Neon, Goa) cream for attenuating venous cannulation pain in this prospective, randomised, double blind study. Sixty adult patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly assigned into two equal groups. Group I (EMLA) received EMLA cream, whereas Group II (Myolaxin) received Myolaxin ointment. For both groups the cream was applied at the venous cannulation site (dorsum of the non-dominant hand) one hour prior to venous cannulation and was covered with an occlusive dressing. Following venous cannulation patients were asked if they felt pain during venous cannulation. If the answer was yes, they were asked to rate the severity of venous cannulation pain using a VisualAnalogue Scale (VAS) of 0-10. The incidence of venous cannulation pain was similar between groups: in the EMLA group 65% (18/28) compared to 67% (20/30) in the Myolaxin group (P=0.19). The severity of pain (median VAS with inter quartile range) was also similar between the groups: in the EMLA group 1.5 (3) compared to 1.5 (2) in the Myolaxin group (P=0.46). As the topical application of Myolaxin ointment is cheaper than EMLA and has similar efficacy, it may be a suitable alternative for reducing the incidence and severity of venous cannulation pain.
Morphological and behavioural development of halibut, <i>Hippoglossus hippoglossus</i> (L.) larvae (1990)

Live yolk‐sac halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus (L.) larvae from rearing experiments at Austevoll Aquaculture Station, Norway, were examined from hatching to past first feeding for developmental morphology and behaviour. The findings include development of the respiratory and circulatory organs, eye pigmentation, mouth formation, organs of the digestive system and the process of yolk absorption, as well as swimming speed and activity levels. A stomodeum is not present at hatching although drinking is possible through a pair of branchial pits which gradually develop into the operculum and gill basket. The mouth normally opens slowly, the gape being restricted by a transverse septum until bones are formed. The amount of time spent swimming varies from less than 15% of the observation period during the first 2 weeks after hatching to between 70 and 100% around the seventh week after hatching, when individual differences become more apparent. Larvae generally react with a burst of swimming when two come into contact. Speed and duration of swimming seems to be correlated with development of eye pigment, heart size and fin formation. The yolk‐sac period is divided into four stages.
Reconstruction of the Soft Tissue of a Deep Diabetic Foot Wound with Artificial Dermis and Recombinant Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (2005)

Ito, Kazuo M.D.; Ito, Shigemi M.D.; Sekine, Masatoshi M.D.; Abe, Masataka M.D. Author Information