gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring the analytical processes of intelligence analysts (2009)

We present an observational case study in which we investigate and analyze the analytical processes of intelligence analysts. Participating analysts in the study carry out two scenarios where they organize and triage information, conduct intelligence analysis, report results, and collaborate with one another. Through a combination of scenario-based analysis, artifact analysis, role-playing, interviews, and participant observations, we explore the space and boundaries in which intelligence analysts work and operate. We also assess the implications of our findings on the use and application of key information technologies.
[Research on the change of PSG parameters of OSAHS patients before and after UPPP operation]. (2006)

So we treat oxygen saturation as a more sensitive marker than apnea time in predicting severity degree of OSAHS. After UPPP operation, the change of sleep stage mainly S2 replaced S1 stage.
Lignin Ethers and Esters - Preparation from Lead and Other Metallic Derivatives of Lignin (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLignin Ethers and Esters - Preparation from Lead and Other Metallic Derivatives of LigninF. E. Brauns, H. F. Lewis, and E. B. BrookbankCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1945, 37, 1, 70–73Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1945https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50421a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (521 KB) Get e-Alerts
Real-Time Drilling Fluid Monitoring and Analysis - Adding to Integrated Drilling Operations (2012)

Abstract Health and safety concerns and technically challenging wells in the North Sea have created a clear and present requirement for robust systems for automated, real-time measurement of key drilling fluid parameters. This paper discusses a suite of discrete sensor packages that has been developed, successfully yard-tested, and deployed in different configurations on three critical wells in the Norwegian sector. They replace manual measurements that have been in use of over 60 years. Specific parameters addressed by this suite include density, temperature, electrical stability and water content in oil-based fluids, elemental analyses, solid content, particle-size distribution, and multi-temperature rheological properties. Industry has long recognized the value of automated drilling fluid measurements for reducing personnel on board and isolating remaining personnel from potentially hazardous areas, mitigating non-productive time, rapidly diagnosing problems, providing necessary input to various drilling automation processes, optimizing fluid performance, and sharing real-time data with remote operating centers. Successful implementation had been plagued by the lack of suitable sensors and efficient means to transfer and interpret the data. Business issues also had been of concern, but fortunately most of these are steadily being defused. This paper describes each of the sensor packages, including the design, method of operation, accuracy, reliability, interpretation, and means of data transmission. Two sensors in the suite that have been previously available are included for completeness. The authors present sample yard and/or field data, demonstrating typical results as well as suggesting how these results could be leveraged for maximum benefit.
Automotive “Smart” Battery with State of Health Conductance Testing and Monitoring Technology (onGUARD®) (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper will detail the development and validation of the world's first integrated smart automotive lead-acid battery tester. As today's automobiles add more electronic and electrical systems to the vehicle the need for reliable battery power is more important than ever. The need to determine the battery's functional life span has demanded a product to reliably test the battery's state of health (SOH).</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">After two years of development backed up by over 17 years experience in testing lead acid batteries, onGUARD™ delivers the ability to accurately test and predict the batteries life expectancy.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper details the elements behind the smart tester technology and its ability to measure the battery's voltage, temperature and conductance to accurately diagnose the health of the battery. A background of conductance testing technology and its approach to measuring the health of a battery by measuring the internal resistance of the battery is included. The benefits of conductance as a safe and accurate alternative to load testing in determining the Cold Cranking Amps of a battery are included.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The mechanical configuration of onGUARD will be described, as it presently is available in two platforms. One platform is fully integrated into the battery, designed for a specific manufacturer's battery. A second is an external sensor module, which can be, applied to any lead acid battery in the 300 to 1500 CCA range. The integrated onGUARD model is designed to fit inside a battery lid connected internally to the battery's posts. The onGUARD unit can be programmed to specifically test a particular battery after a battery characterization has been established, and this process will be explained. The aftermarket onGUARD unit is a universal model to be attached to the outside case of the battery. The customer interface process of pushing and holding a pushbutton on the onGUARD unit perform measurements, and a display of test results as shown by a simple series of LEDs (A pattern of green, yellow and red LEDs indicate the batteries state of health) will be included.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A full-production lead-acid SLI automotive battery will launch in October 2002 in Japan featuring an integrated onGUARD conductance test module with SOH and voltage state of charge (SOC) diagnostics. This paper provides some technical details of that platform, and as onGUARD has application in automotive, marine and battery backup power systems, a brief mention of potential benefits from the integration of additional technologies is also presented.</div>
Probing Phonon Dispersion Relations of Graphite by Double Resonance Raman Scattering (2001)

The phonon dispersion relations of graphite can be probed over a wide range of the Brillouin zone by double resonance Raman spectroscopy. The double resonance Raman process provides us with new assignments for the dispersive and nondispersive features observed in the Raman spectra of disordered graphite and carbon nanotubes, some features having been incorrectly assigned previously, or not assigned at all.
Second order nonlinear mixing of two modes in a planar photonic crystal microcavity (2006)

Sum frequency data are reported from the nonlinear interaction of two coherently excited resonant modes of a two-dimensional planar photonic crystal microcavity patterned in a free-standing InP slab.
The inhibition of antithrombin by peptidylarginine deiminase 4 may contribute to pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (2004)

The results indicate that PADI4 could inactivate antithrombin through citrullination. The abnormal expression or activation of PADI4 in RA synovium is suggested to be responsible for the high level of citrullinated antithrombin in RA plasma. Local inhibition of antithrombin activity in RA synovium might lead to the excessive angiogenesis, fibrin deposition and inflammation of the tissue.
Transmission enhancement through deep subwavelength apertures using connected split ring resonators (2010)

We report astonishingly high transmission enhancement factors through a subwavelength aperture at microwave frequencies by placing connected split ring resonators in the vicinity of the aperture. We carried out numerical simulations that are consistent with our experimental conclusions. We experimentally show higher than 70,000-fold extraordinary transmission through a deep subwavelength aperture with an electrical size of lambda/31 x lambda/12 (width x length), in terms of the operational wavelength. We discuss the physical origins of the phenomenon. Our numerical results predict that even more improvements of the enhancement factors are attainable. Theoretically, the approach opens up the possibility for achieving very large enhancement factors by overcoming the physical limitations and thereby minimizes the dependence on the aperture geometries.
The Future of Regenerative Medicine: Urinary System (2011)

Regeneration of tissues and organs is now within the technological reach of modern medicine. With such advancements, substantial improvements to existing standards-of-care are very real possibilities. This review will focus on regenerative medicine approaches to treating specific maladies of the bladder and kidney, including the biological basis of regeneration and the history of regenerative medicine in the urinary system. Current clinical management approaches will be presented within the context of future directions including cell-based regenerative therapies.
Cholesterol and Violence: Is There a Connection? (1998)

A significant association between low or lowered cholesterol levels and violence is found across many types of studies. Data on this association conform to Hill's criteria for a causal association. Concerns about increased risk for violent outcomes should figure in risk-benefit analyses for cholesterol screening and treatment.
Evaluation of the effect of the specific CCR1 antagonist CP‐481715 on the clinical and cellular responses observed following epicutaneous nickel challenge in human subjects (2008)

Blocking of CCR1 only partly inhibited clinical manifestations of ACD. Several chemokine receptors are likely relevant for the cellular influx observed in ACD lesions.
Router Designs for an Asynchronous Time-Division-Multiplexed Network-on-Chip (2013)

In this paper we explore the design of an asynchronous router for a time-division-multiplexed (TDM) network-on-chip (NOC) that is being developed for a multi-processor platform for hard real-time systems. TDM inherently requires a common time reference, and existing TDM-based NOC designs are either synchronous or mesochronous, but both approaches have their limitations: a globally synchronous NOC is no longer feasible in today's sub micron technologies and a mesochronous NOC requires special FIFO-based synchronizers in all input ports of all routers in order to accommodate for clock phase differences. This adds hardware complexity and increases area and power consumption. We propose to use asynchronous routers in order to achieve a simpler, more robust and globally-asynchronous NOC, and this represents an unexplored point in the design space. The paper presents a range of alternative router designs. All routers have been synthesized for a 65nm CMOS technology, and the paper reports post-layout figures for area, speed and energy and compares the asynchronous designs with an existing mesochronous clocked router. The results show that an asynchronous router is 2 times smaller, marginally slower and with roughly the same energy consumption, while offering a robust solution to the clock distribution problem. The paper further explores "clock-gating" of the individual pipeline stages in the asynchronous routers, and shows that this can lead to significant power savings.
Development and Application of a Self-Referencing Glucose Microsensor for the Measurement of Glucose Consumption by Pancreatic β-Cells (2001)

Glucose gradients generated by an artificial source and beta-cells were measured using an enzyme-based glucose microsensor, 8-microm tip diameter, as a self-referencing electrode. The technique is based on a difference measurement between two locations in a gradient and thus allows us to obtain real-time flux values with minimal impact of sensor drift or noise. Flux values were derived by incorporation of the measured differential current into Fick's first equation. In an artificial glucose gradient, a flux detection limit of 8.2 +/- 0.4 pmol.cm(-2).s(-1) (mean +/- SEM, n = 7) with a sensor sensitivity of 7.0 +/- 0.4 pA/ mM (mean +/- SEM, n = 16) was demonstrated. Under biological conditions, the glucose sensor showed no oxygen dependence with 5 mM glucose in the bulk medium. The addition of catalase to the bulk medium was shown to ameliorate surface-dependent flux distortion close to specimens, suggesting an underlying local accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. Glucose flux from beta-cell clusters, measured in the presence of 5 mM glucose, was 61.7 +/- 9.5 fmol.nL(-1).s(-1) (mean +/- SEM, n = 9) and could be pharmacologically modulated. Glucose consumption in response to FCCP (1 microM) transiently increased, subsequently decreasing to below basal by 93 +/- 16 and 56 +/- 6%, respectively (mean +/- SEM, n = 5). Consumption was decreased after the application of 10 microM rotenone by 74 +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM, n = 4). These results demonstrate that an enzyme-based amperometric microsensor can be applied in the self-referencing mode. Further, in obtaining glucose flux measurements from small clusters of cells, these are the first recordings of the real-time dynamic of glucose movements in a biological microenvironment.
State-space estimation with uncertain data: finite and infinite-horizon results (2002)

Develops a robust estimation procedure for state-space models with parametric uncertainties. Compared with existing robust filters, the proposed filter performs data regularization rather than de-regularization. It is shown that, under certain stabilizability and detectability conditions, the steady-state filter is stable and that, for quadratically-stable models, it guarantees a bounded error variance.
Malignant Hyperthermia in the Dog (1973)

Professor of Veterinary Anesthesiology, Veterinary Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201 (Short)Assistant Professor, Veterinary Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201 (Paddleford)
Developing an Operational, Surface-Based, GPS, Water Vapor Observing System for NOAA: Network Design and Results (2000)

The need for a reliable, low-cost observing system to measure water vapor in the atmosphere is incontrovertible. Experiments have shown the potential for using Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers to measure total precipitable water vapor accurately at different locations and times of year and under all weather conditions. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations’s (NOAA) Forecast Systems Laboratory (FSL) and Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL), in collaboration with the University NAVSTAR Consortium, University of Hawaii, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and NOAA’s National Geodetic Survey (NGS) Laboratory, are addressing this need by developing a ground-based water vapor observing system based on the measurement of GPS signal delays caused by water vapor in the atmosphere. The NOAA GPS Integrated Precipitable Water Vapor (NOAA GPS–IPW) network currently has 35 continuously operating stations and is expected to expand into a 200-station demonstration network by 2004. This paper describes the major accomplishments of the project since its inception in 1994. Results from the analysis of the effect of satellite orbit accuracies on IPW accuracy are discussed. Several comparisons with collocated remote and in situ measurements, including radiosondes and ground- and space-based radiometers are shown. Results from preliminary model runs using the FSL Forecast Research Division’s Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System (MAPS) model are presented. This work shows the feasibility of an operational system using GPS to continuously monitor atmospheric water vapor in near–real time with accuracies (<1.5 cm) comparable to radiosondes and water vapor radiometers.
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells attenuate the progression of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in rat models (2018)

BMSC transplantation can attenuate FSGS progression in a rat model of FSGS, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the application of autologous BMSCs in clinical FSGS therapy.
Reduction of forward scattering from cylindrical objects using hard surfaces (1996)

We discuss how forward scattering can he characterized in terms of an equivalent blockage width, and a relation between this and the bistatic scattering width is derived. Then, we show how cylinders such as struts and masts can be constructed to reduce their blockage widths. Thereby, when the cylinders are mounted in front of an antenna, the sidelobes and losses caused by the blockage will be reduced. For thin metal cylinders the blockage width reduction is obtained by giving its cross section an oblong shape and, in addition (for the TM case), by coating the outer metal surface with dielectric material to obtain a hard boundary condition. For thick cylinders, the reduced scattering is obtained by designing them as dielectric-filled parallel plate waveguides with the outer surfaces of the plates coated in the same way as for the thin struts. Dual-polarized performance is obtained in both cases by strip loading the outer surfaces. The performance of both the thin and the thick struts have limited frequency bandwidth. Both computed and measured results are presented; the computations being done with the moment method. The designs are based on the concept of soft and hard surfaces in electromagnetics, and the results can be regarded as a proof of the existence of hard surfaces for electromagnetic waves. The study considers reduction of forward scattering which also will give a reduction of the total integrated power of the scattered field over all directions-even backward.
Onset of airflow limitation in a collapsible tube model: impact of surrounding pressure, longitudinal strain, and wall folding geometry (2010)

We studied the impact of wall strain and surrounding pressure on the onset of airflow limitation in a thin-walled "floppy" tube model. A vacuum source-generated steady-state (baseline) airflow (0-350 ml/s) through a thin-walled latex tube (length 80 mm, wall thickness 0.23 mm) enclosed within a rigid, sealed, air-filled, cylindrical chamber while upstream minus downstream pressure, chamber pressure (Pc), and lumen geometry [in-line digital camera; segmentation (Amira 5.2.2) and analysis (Rhinoceros 4) software] were monitored. Longitudinal strain (S; 0-62.5%) and Pc (0-20 cmH(2)O) combinations were imposed, and Pc associated with onset of 1) reduced airflow and 2) fully developed airflow limitation recorded. At any strain, increasing Pc resulted in a decrease in airflow. Across all baseline airflow, threshold pressure was 1-7 cmH(2)O for S < 25%, 6-8 cmH(2)O at S = 25% and 37.5%, and 5-7 cmH(2)O at S = 50% and 62.5%. Pc associated with fully developed airflow limitation was 4-6 cmH(2)O for S < 25%, >20 cmH(2)O at S = 25% (i.e., no flow limitation), 18 cmH(2)O at S = 37.5%, and 8-12 cmH(2)O at S = 50% and 62.5%. Lumen area decreased with increasing Pc but was 1) larger at S = 25% and 2) characterized by bifold narrowing at S < 25% and trifold narrowing at S ≥ 25%. In conclusion, tube function was modulated by Pc vs. S interactions, with S = 25% producing trifold lumen narrowing, maximal patency, and no airflow limitation. Findings may have implications for understanding peripharyngeal tissue pressure and pharyngeal wall strain effects on passive pharyngeal airway function in humans.
Roscovitine Reduces Neuronal Loss, Glial Activation, and Neurologic Deficits after Brain Trauma (2008)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes both direct and delayed tissue damage. The latter is associated with secondary biochemical changes such as cell cycle activation, which leads to neuronal death, inflammation, and glial scarring. Flavopiridol--a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor that is neither specific nor selective--is neuroprotective. To examine the role of more specific CDK inhibitors as potential neuroprotective agents, we studied the effects of roscovitine in TBI. Central administration of roscovitine 30 mins after injury resulted in significantly decreased lesion volume, as well as improved motor and cognitive recovery. Roscovitine attenuated neuronal death and inhibited activation of cell cycle pathways in neurons after TBI, as indicated by attenuated cyclin G1 accumulation and phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein. Treatment also decreased microglial activation after TBI, as reflected by reductions in ED1, galectin-3, p22(PHOX), and Iba-1 levels, and attenuated astrogliosis, as shown by decreased accumulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein. In primary cortical microglia and neuronal cultures, roscovitine and other selective CDK inhibitors attenuated neuronal cell death, as well as decreasing microglial activation and microglial-dependent neurotoxicity. These data support a multifactorial neuroprotective effect of cell cycle inhibition after TBI--likely related to inhibition of neuronal apoptosis, microglial-induced inflammation, and gliosis--and suggest that multiple CDKs are potentially involved in this process.
ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS ASSOCIATED WITH ENTEROVIRAL INFECTION (2004)

A case of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in 13-year-old boy associated with enterovirus is described. The patient had symptoms of severe headache and photophobia for 2 days. Diagnosis was made on the basis of diffuse high intensity white matter lesions in the left frontoparietal region seen on magnetic resonance imaging, and positive enterovirus polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid. His symptoms improved substantially without specific therapy, and he recovered without neurologic sequelae.