gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of fish oil for health care (2009)

Fish oil is a commercial source of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and it plays important roles in human health and wellness. Nippon Suisan Kaisha has been researching on the use of fish oil for human health since 1979. For medical use, we have developed industrial method to concentrate EPA from fish oil by using distillation and urea adduct separation. Purified EPA is now used in the treatment of arteriosclerosis and hyperlipemia in Japan. For food use, we have developed "IMARK" which is a liquid FOSHU (Food for Specified Health Uses) containing 600 mg of EPA and 260 mg of DHA per one serving (100 ml). Numbers of 53 volunteers were participated in randomized, double-blind controlled study of IMARK and received a daily amount of 100 ml for 12 weeks. The average blood triglyceride level of participants was 170 mg/dl before treatment, and it decreased significantly to 145, 132, and 134 mg/dl after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment, respectively. We have also examined the clinical effect of a liquid supplement containing 1260 mg of EPA and 540 mg of DHA on atopic dermatitis. The liquid supplement was taken by 21 patients, once per day for 12 weeks. Following this treatment for the remained 18 patients, led to significant clinical improvement on the skin symptoms of 13 patients. These results suggested that the liquid supplement containing dietary EPA and DHA might have a beneficial impact on health maintenance and as an alimentary therapy for hyperlipemia and atopic dermatitis.
Effect of porous morphology on phase transition in vanadium dioxide thin films (2015)

Vanadium oxide (VO2) thin films were prepared on Si (100) substrates by direct current magnetron sputtering at room temperature, and then, postannealing was conducted at 450 °C for 2 h in vacuum. Structural characterizations demonstrated that the thin films exhibited porous morphology upon thermal annealing and the porosity and pore size depended on the oxygen flow rate in the process of film fabrication. Raman spectra were measured in the temperature range of 303–343 K, and resistance measurement was conducted in the temperature range of 293–363 K, to study the influence of porous morphology on the phase transition in VO2 thin films. It was illustrated that the porous morphology could provide a free space to release the stress induced in the monoclinic-to-tetragonal phase transition of VO2, and lower the transition temperature to a certain degree.
ACAT inhibitors decrease secretion of cholesteryl esters and apolipoprotein B by perfused livers of African green monkeys (1995)

To test the hypothesis that newly synthesized cholesteryl esters are required for hepatic lipoprotein assembly and secretion, isolated livers of African green monkeys were perfused with medium containing an ACAT inhibitor. Three ACAT inhibitors with different structural and chemical properties were used: CI-976 (Parke-Davis), CP-113818 (Pfizer), or PD-138142-15 (Parke-Davis). Each compound produced variable effects on secretion of lipids and apolipoproteins. A significant decrease in the secretion rates of cholesteryl ester and apoB was common to all three inhibitors, indicating that fewer lipoprotein particles were secreted during ACAT inhibition. Triacylglycerol secretion was decreased in the presence of CP-113818 and PD-138142-15 but no decrease in triacylglycerol secretion was observed with CI-976. Particles secreted in the presence of CI-976 were enriched in triacylglycerol relative to apoB. Effects on secretion of other apolipoproteins (apoA-I, apoA-II, and apoE) were variable. When all data were combined, the percent inhibition of cholesteryl ester secretion and apoB secretion in the presence of ACAT inhibitors was positively correlated (r = 0.84), whereas a similar relationship was not observed between triacylglycerol and apoB. While the results demonstrate some lack of specificity for these ACAT inhibitors, the complimentary results using the three different ACAT inhibitors suggest that secretion of cholesteryl ester and apoB are coordinately regulated. The data suggest that newly synthesized cholesteryl esters may participate in and promote the assembly and secretion of hepatic apoB-containing lipoproteins. The availability of triacylglycerol during lipoprotein assembly, while also important, would appear to serve a role separate from that of cholesteryl ester.
Antibiotics from gliding bacteria. No. 68. The Ripostatins, Novel Inhibitors of Eubacterial RNA Polymerase Isolated from Myxobacteria. (1995)

A new antibiotic, ripostatin, was isolated from the culture supernatant of the myxobacterium, sorangium cellulosum strain So ce377. It is a macrocyclic lactone carbonic acid containing an unsubstituted phenyl ring in a side chain. The antibiotic acts especially on Staphylococcus aureus, but seems not to penetrate most bacteria. The MIC values are in the range of 1 microgram/ml. Ripostatin is an inhibitor of eubacterial RNA polymerase. It interferes with the initiation of RNA synthesis.
Gene expression profiling in polycythaemia vera: overexpression of transcription factor NF‐E2 (2005)

Summary The molecular aetiology of polycythaemia vera (PV) remains unknown and the differential diagnosis between PV and secondary erythrocytosis (SE) can be challenging. Gene expression profiling can identify candidates involved in the pathophysiology of PV and generate a molecular signature to aid in diagnosis. We thus performed cDNA microarray analysis on 40 PV and 12 SE patients. Two independent data sets were obtained: using a two-step training/validation design, a set of 64 genes (class predictors) was determined, which correctly discriminated PV from SE patients. Separately 253 genes were identified to be upregulated and 391 downregulated more than 1.5-fold in PV compared with healthy controls (P < 0.01). Of the genes overexpressed in PV, 27 contained Sp1 sites: we therefore propose that altered activity of Sp1-like transcription factors may contribute to the molecular aetiology of PV. One Sp1 target, the transcription factor NF-E2 [nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)], is overexpressed 2- to 40-fold in PV patients. In PV bone marrow, NF-E2 is overexpressed in megakaryocytes, erythroid and granulocytic precursors. It has been shown that overexpression of NF-E2 leads to the development of erythropoietin-independent erythroid colonies and that ectopic NF-E2 expression can reprogram monocytic cells towards erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation. Transcription factor concentration may thus control lineage commitment. We therefore propose that elevated concentrations of NF-E2 in PV patients lead to an overproduction of erythroid and, in some patients, megakaryocytic cells/platelets. In this model, the level of NF-E2 overexpression determines both the severity of erythrocytosis and the concurrent presence or absence of thrombocytosis.
Effect of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy on Myocardial Fibrosis and Relevant Cytokines in a Canine Model With Experimental Heart Failure (2017)

By means of coordinating LV dyssynchrony, cellular and molecular reverse remodeling relevant to fibrosis inhibition could also be invoked by CRT.
Analysis of unintegrated avian RNA tumor virus double-stranded DNA intermediates (1978)

Previous studies by Guntaka et al. have shown that the unintegrated DNA intermediates of avian RNA tumor virus replication can be readily isolated from cultures of the quail tumor line QT-6 at 1 day after infection. The intermediates include double-stranded linear and covalently closed circular DNA species. Using the analysis procedure of Southern together with previously obtained information regarding the sites of action of certain restriction endonucleases on avian sarcoma virus DNA, we have further characterized the viral DNA intermediates. Evidence is presented that, relative to the RNA genome, most of the linear species possess a direct terminal sequence redundancy equivalent to 0.5 X 10(6) +/- 0.3 X 10(6) daltons of double-stranded DNA. Some of the circular forms also possess a sequence redundancy of 0.21 X 10(6) +/- 0.03 X 10(6) daltons.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP0 regulates expression of immediate-early, early, and late genes in productively infected cells (1992)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 protein, ICP0, can activate expression of all kinetic classes of viral promoters in transient expression assays. To examine the role of ICP0 in the regulation of viral gene expression during productive infection, we characterized the wild-type virus, an ICP0 null mutant (7134), and several ICP0 nonsense mutant viruses with regard to virus replication and protein synthesis in Vero cells. Relative to wild-type virus, 7134 was severely deficient in viral growth and protein synthesis at low multiplicities of infection but exhibited a nearly wild-type phenotype at high multiplicities. The phenotypes of the ICP0 nonsense mutants were intermediate between those of the wild-type virus and 7134 in that the more ICP0-coding sequence expressed by a given nonsense mutant, the more wild type-like was its phenotype. The location of the ICP0 domain responsible for transactivation during productive infection was confirmed to be within the N-terminal portion of the protein, as previously shown in transient expression assays. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence tests were used to detect low-level expression of selected immediate-early (IE), early (E), and late (L) proteins by mutant and wild-type viruses following low-multiplicity infection. The 7134 deletion mutant and several nonsense mutants expressed markedly reduced levels of E and L proteins but wild-type levels of the IE protein, ICP4. Because the latency-associated transcripts (LATs) are specified by the strand opposite that which encodes ICP0, the ICP0 deletion and nonsense mutants are by definition ICP0-LAT double mutants. The ability of a LAT- ICP0+ mutant to replicate as efficiently as wild-type virus at low multiplicities and the ability of ICP0-expressing 0-28 cells to complement the defects of the mutants in E and L protein synthesis indicates that the phenotypes of the mutants are caused by mutations in ICP0 and not the LATs. Thus, we conclude that ICP0 up-regulates E and L but not necessarily IE gene expression during productive infection. The activation of IE gene expression by ICP0 during productive infection is likely overshadowed by the activity of the virion-associated protein, VP16. This hypothesis was tested by transfection of Vero cells with infectious mutant and wild-type viral DNAs. In such tests, no VP16 is present at early times posttransfection. Significantly fewer cells transfected with infectious 7134 DNA expressed ICP4 than cells transfected with KOS DNA. This reduction was fully reversed by cotransfection with an ICP0-expressing plasmid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Plasma-desorption mass spectrometry as an aid in protein sequence determination. Application of the method on a cuticular protein from the migratory locust (<i>Locusta migratoria</i>) (1989)

The complete amino acid sequence of a structural protein, protein 8, isolated from the pharate cuticle of the locust Locusta migratoria was determined. Protein 8 contains 148 amino acid residues and has an Mr of 15,224. By the extensive use of information obtained by plasma-desorption mass spectrometry (p.d.m.s.) it was possible to reduce the need for conventional sequence determination and to improve the reliability of the results. On the basis of the determined Mr of the intact protein all the peptides that constitute the complete sequence could be isolated from a time-course enzymic digestion. The isolated peptides were sequenced by using a combination of Edman degradation and carboxypeptidase digestion monitored by p.d.m.s. The alignment of the peptides was established from the time-course digestion and further verified by a second enzymic digestion. The primary structure of the protein consists of two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic regions. The hydrophobic regions are enriched in alanine, valine and proline and dominated by a repetitive sequence Ala-Ala-Pro-(Ala/Val). The sequence strengthens the view that the cuticle proteins belong to a unique family of structural proteins.
Heteroepitaxial Cu2O thin film solar cell on metallic substrates (2015)

Heteroepitaxial, single-crystal-like Cu2O films on inexpensive, flexible, metallic substrates can potentially be used as absorber layers for fabrication of low-cost, high-performance, non-toxic, earth-abundant solar cells. Here, we report epitaxial growth of Cu2O films on low cost, flexible, textured metallic substrates. Cu2O films were deposited on the metallic templates via pulsed laser deposition under various processing conditions to study the influence of processing parameters on the structural and electronic properties of the films. It is found that pure, epitaxial Cu2O phase without any trace of CuO phase is only formed in a limited deposition window of P(O2) - temperature. The (00l) single-oriented, highly textured, Cu2O films deposited under optimum P(O2) - temperature conditions exhibit excellent electronic properties with carrier mobility in the range of 40-60 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and carrier concentration over 10(16) cm(-3). The power conversion efficiency of 1.65% is demonstrated from a proof-of-concept Cu2O solar cell based on epitaxial Cu2O film prepared on the textured metal substrate.
The future battlefield: a blast of gigawatts? [microwave-based weapons] (1988)

The growing interest in the military potential of high-power microwaves is discussed. The effect of such radiation on hardware is examined. Limits on beam intensity are identified, and methods for generating the beam are described. Biological effects of microwaves and the potential use against troops are discussed. The practicality of microwave-based weapons is assessed with regard to cost and military effectiveness.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sexual Transmission of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-I) (1989)

We conclude that HTLV-I is transmitted from infected men to women during sexual intercourse. Our data are consistent with the lower efficiency of female-to-male sexual transmission of HTLV-I, but penile ulcers or concurrent syphilis may increase a man's risk of infection.
Pulmonary Blood Flow Heterogeneity during Hypoxia and High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (2004)

Uneven hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction has been proposed to expose parts of the pulmonary capillary bed to high pressure and vascular injury in high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). We hypothesized that subjects with a history of HAPE would demonstrate increased heterogeneity of pulmonary blood flow during hypoxia. A functional magnetic resonance imaging technique (arterial spin labeling) was used to quantify spatial pulmonary blood flow heterogeneity in three subject groups: (1) HAPE-susceptible (n = 5), individuals with a history of physician-documented HAPE; (2) HAPE-resistant (n = 6), individuals with repeated high-altitude exposure without illness; and (3) unselected (n = 6), individuals with a minimal history of altitude exposure. Data were collected in normoxia and after 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes of normobaric hypoxia FI(O(2)) = 0.125. Relative dispersion (SD/mean) of the signal intensity was used as an index of perfusion heterogeneity. Oxygen saturation was not different between groups during hypoxia. Relative dispersion was not different between groups (HAPE-susceptible 0.94 +/- 0.05, HAPE-resistant 0.94 +/- 0.05, unselected 0.87 +/- 0.06; means +/- SEM) during normoxia, but it was increased by hypoxia in HAPE-susceptible (to 1.10 +/- 0.05 after 30 minutes, p < 0.0001) but not in HAPE-resistant (0.91 +/- 0.05) or unselected subjects (0.87 +/- 0.05). HAPE-susceptible individuals have increased pulmonary blood flow heterogeneity in acute hypoxia, consistent with uneven hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction.
Reactive-ion-etched graphene nanoribbons on a hexagonal boron nitride substrate (2012)

We report on the fabrication and electrical characterization of both single layer graphene micron-sized devices and nanoribbons on a hexagonal boron nitride substrate. We show that the micron-sized devices have significantly higher mobility and lower disorder density compared to devices fabricated on silicon dioxide substrate in agreement with previous findings. The transport characteristics of the reactive-ion-etched graphene nanoribbons on hexagonal boron nitride, however, appear to be very similar to those of ribbons on a silicon dioxide substrate. We perform a detailed study in order to highlight both similarities as well as differences. Our findings suggest that the edges have an important influence on transport in reactive-ion-etched graphene nanodevices.
Development of Low Density Flexible Carbon Phenolic Ablators (2012)

Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA) was the enabling TPS material for the Stardust mission where it was used as a single piece heatshield. PICA has the advantages of low density (approximately 0.27 grams per cubic centimeter) coupled with efficient ablative capability at high heat fluxes. Due to its brittle nature and low strain to failure recent efforts at NASA ARC have focused on alternative architectures to yield flexible and more conformal carbon phenolic materials with comparable densities to PICA. This presentation will discuss flexible alternatives to PICA and include preliminary mechanical and thermal properties as well as recent arc jet and LHMEL screening test results.
Pharmacological characterization of endothelin-stimulated phosphoinositide breakdown and cytosolic free Ca2+ rise in rat C6 glioma cells (1992)

Because increasing evidence indicates that glial cells are a target of endothelin, we have characterized endothelin-induced phosphoinositide (PI) turnover and Ca2+ homeostasis in C6 glioma cells. Endothelin-1 (ET) increased formation of 3H-inositol phosphate (IP) from PI and elicited an increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in rat C6 glioma. In the presence of Li+, the increase in 3H-inositol trisphosphate formation was rapid, reaching its peak at 5 min after stimulation. ET also elicited a rapid and sustained increase in [Ca2+]i in a dose-dependent manner (1-100 nM). The rank orders of efficacy for ET-related peptides in increasing [Ca2+]i were ET = ET-2 greater than sarafotoxin greater than ET-3. Both ET-mediated stimulation of IP formation and [Ca2+]i increase were largely inhibited in the absence of external Ca2+ but unaffected by the depletion of external Na+ and the presence of dihydropyridine derivatives or verapamil. Inorganic Ca2+ channel blockers Cd2+, La3+, and Mn2+ at 1 mM inhibited both responses induced by ET. Cross-desensitization and nonadditivity were observed for both events among ET-related peptides tested, but not between ET and ATP. Pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin (PTX) attenuated the PI response to ET, but had no effect on ET-elicited [Ca2+]i increase. ET-induced Ca2+ mobilization (measured in Ca(2+)-free medium) was only transient and was inhibited by 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate. Moreover, the intracellular Ca2+ pools mobilized by ET and ATP appeared to overlap, as indicated by their partial heterologous desensitization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Low-Complexity User Scheduling with Switched Tilting for 3D Cellular Systems (2015)

We propose a low-complexity user scheduling scheme to enhance the sum rate performance for a multicell downlink system, in which the base station (BS) is equipped with a large-scale active antenna array. First, we divide each cell into<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>regions according to the vertical beamwidth of the BS antennas. Next, candidate user equipment (UE) items are assigned to corresponding groups to their locations. Each scheduling slot is also divided into<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>equal-time subslots. Then, at each subslot, we focus on one UE group, select the optimal number,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>*</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>, of UEs for simultaneous data transmission in the manner of round-robin scheduling, and adjust the BS antenna tilting to the optimal angle<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>θ</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>i</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>l</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>*</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math>. In particular,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>*</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>θ</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>i</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>l</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>*</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math>for each UE group are both obtained by means of large-system asymptotic analysis. Benefiting from the random matrix theory tools, the asymptotic analytical results are independent of instantaneous channel state information of UE, which make it possible to solve<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>*</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>θ</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>i</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>l</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>t</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>*</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math>offline, therefore saving the online computational resources significantly. Numerical results verify that the proposed scheme achieves good sum rate performance with extremely low computational complexity.
Measurements and simulation of multipath interference for 1.7-Gbit/s lightwave systems utilizing single and multifrequency lasers (1989)

Multipath interference (MPI) degradation occurs when two interfering fields combine creating noise in the detected signal.1-3 The total electric field due to light passing between two reflective fiber joints can be written as the sum of a direct and delayed component (higher-order multiple reflections can be ignored for practical connector reflections) to yield
Photonic switched true time delay beam forming network integrated on silica waveguide circuits (2002)

This paper proposes an integrated variable true time delay (TTD) beam forming network (BFN) on the silica-based optical waveguide circuits. This BFN has thermooptic switches and variable time delay lines. The variable TTD unit test was carried out under the 2.5 GHz microwave frequency range. The experimental results show that the phase error, that is the difference from the designed value, is less than or equal to 0.6 degrees and the amplitude error is less than or equal to 0.5 dB. These results also show adequate performance for a variable delay line. This silica-based beam former will be one of the excellent alternatives for the phased array antennas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>