gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA injection during bacteriophage T4 infection of Escherichia coli (1983)

The process of phage T4 DNA injection into the host cell was studied under a fluorescent microscope, using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole as a DNA-specific fluorochrome. The phage DNA injection was observed when spheroplasts were infected with the artificially contracted phage particles having a protruding core. The DNA injection was mediated by the interaction of the core tip with the cytoplasmic membrane of the spheroplast. A membrane potential was not required for the process of DNA injection. On the other hand, DNA injection upon infection by intact noncontracted phage of the intact host cell was inhibited by an energy poison. Based on these observations, together with results from previous work, a model for the T4 infection process is presented, and the role of the membrane potential in the infection process is discussed.
The polarity of the plasma membrane protein RET-PE2 in retinal pigment epithelium is developmentally regulated (1996)

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) differs from other epithelia in that the apical surface is not free; instead, it interacts with both photoreceptors and a specialized extracellular material, the interphotoreceptor matrix. Biochemical characterization of the apical and basolateral surfaces of RPE in adult rat eye cups, using a novel in situ biotinylation assay, revealed very different protein compositions and identified a major surface antigen, RET-PE2, with a predominantly apical distribution (approximately 74%). The apical polarity of RET-PE2 was confirmed by immunofluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy. In striking contrast, RET-PE2 antigen was preferentially basolateral in primary cultures derived from adult rat RPE and in an immortalized RPE cell line (RPE-J). Under all conditions, RET-PE2 was highly soluble in Triton X-100 (> 81% at 4 degrees C), suggesting that its redistribution was not dependent on changes in cytoskeletal interactions. Analysis of the localization of RET-PE2 in normal rats at postnatal (PN) days 1, 7, and 14 indicated that RET-PE2 redistributes from predominantly basolateral to predominantly apical during that time. Since photoreceptors develop during the first two weeks after birth in the rat, our results suggest that the apical redistribution of RET-PE2 is dependent on the establishment of adult interactions between the RPE and the neural retina and/or the interphotoreceptor matrix, either via direct contacts or through alterations in the intracellular sorting patterns of RPE cells.
Ultrathin Polymer Membranes with Patterned, Micrometric Pores for Organs-on-Chips (2016)

The basal lamina or basement membrane (BM) is a key physiological system that participates in physicochemical signaling between tissue types. Its formation and function are essential in tissue maintenance, growth, angiogenesis, disease progression, and immunology. In vitro models of the BM (e.g., Boyden and transwell chambers) are common in cell biology and lab-on-a-chip devices where cells require apical and basolateral polarization. Extravasation, intravasation, membrane transport of chemokines, cytokines, chemotaxis of cells, and other key functions are routinely studied in these models. The goal of the present study was to integrate a semipermeable ultrathin polymer membrane with precisely positioned pores of 2 μm diameter in a microfluidic device with apical and basolateral chambers. We selected poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), a transparent biocompatible polymer, to prepare the semipermeable ultrathin membranes. The pores were generated by pattern transfer using a three-step method coupling femtosecond laser machining, polymer replication, and spin coating. Each step of the fabrication process was characterized by scanning electron microscopy to investigate reliability of the process and fidelity of pattern transfer. In order to evaluate the compatibility of the fabrication method with organs-on-a-chip technology, porous PLLA membranes were embedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic devices and used to grow human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECS) on top of the membrane with perfusion through the basolateral chamber. Viability of cells, optical transparency of membranes and strong adhesion of PLLA to PDMS were observed, thus confirming the suitability of the prepared membranes for use in organs-on-a-chip devices.
Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds: engineering soft tissues (2008)

Electrospinning has emerged to be a simple, elegant and scalable technique to fabricate polymeric nanofibers. Pure polymers as well as blends and composites of both natural and synthetics have been successfully electrospun into nanofiber matrices. Physiochemical properties of nanofiber matrices can be controlled by manipulating electrospinning parameters to meet the requirements of a specific application. Such efforts include the fabrication of fiber matrices containing nanofibers, microfibers, combination of nano-microfibers and also different fiber orientation/alignments. Polymeric nanofiber matrices have been extensively investigated for diversified uses such as filtration, barrier fabrics, wipes, personal care, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Recently electrospun nanofiber matrices have gained a lot of attention, and are being explored as scaffolds in tissue engineering due to their properties that can modulate cellular behavior. Electrospun nanofiber matrices show morphological similarities to the natural extra-cellular matrix (ECM), characterized by ultrafine continuous fibers, high surface-to-volume ratio, high porosity and variable pore-size distribution. Efforts have been made to modify nanofiber surfaces with several bioactive molecules to provide cells with the necessary chemical cues and a more in vivo like environment. The current paper provides an overlook on such efforts in designing nanofiber matrices as scaffolds in the regeneration of various soft tissues including skin, blood vessel, tendon/ligament, cardiac patch, nerve and skeletal muscle.
Delivery of dsRNA for RNAi in insects: an overview and future directions (2012)

RNA interference (RNAi) refers to the process of exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) silencing the complementary endogenous messenger RNA. RNAi has been widely used in entomological research for functional genomics in a variety of insects and its potential for RNAi-based pest control has been increasingly emphasized mainly because of its high specificity. This review focuses on the approaches of introducing dsRNA into insect cells or insect bodies to induce effective RNAi. The three most common delivery methods, namely, microinjection, ingestion, and soaking, are illustrated in details and their advantages and limitations are summarized for purpose of feasible RNAi research. In this review, we also briefly introduce the two possible dsRNA uptake machineries, other dsRNA delivery methods and the history of RNAi in entomology. Factors that influence the specificity and efficiency of RNAi such as transfection reagents, selection of dsRNA region, length, and stability of dsRNA in RNAi research are discussed for further studies.
Wideband Circularly Polarized Patch Antennas on Reactive Impedance Substrates (2011)

A reduced-size wideband single-feed circularly polarized patch antenna is introduced for telemetry applications in <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> -band around 2300 MHz. The proposed structure consists of a slot-loaded patch antenna printed over an optimized metamaterial-inspired reactive impedance substrate (RIS). We demonstrate, step by step, the main role of each antenna element by comparing numerically and experimentally the performance of various antenna configurations: antenna over a single- or dual-layer substrate, standard patch or slot-loaded patch, antenna with or without RIS. The final optimized structure exhibits an axial-ratio bandwidth of about 15% and an impedance bandwidth better than 11%, which is much wider than the conventional printed antenna on the same materials.
Selective electrochemical determination of dopamine in serum in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid by using a CuO nanoleaf electrode (2014)

A simple, selective, and sensitive electrochemical sensor for detecting dopamine (DA) using a copper oxide (CuO) nanoleaf electrode as an active platform was developed in this work. The CuO nanoleaf electrode was fabricated via one-step chemical oxidation of copper foil immersed in an alkaline solution with a strong oxidant. The electrode exhibits selective and sensitive DA detection in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid in phosphate buffered saline (pH 8.0). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were conducted to test the electrochemical behaviour of DA in the CuO nanoleaf electrode. DPV anodic peak currents at approximately 0.20 V were enhanced by increasing DA concentrations. The developed electrochemical sensor presents two linear ranges of 1 μM to 7.5 μM and 7.5 μM to 140 μM, respectively. And the detection limit of the proposed method is 0.5 μM for DA. Applying the CuO nanoleaf electrode in actual determination of DA injection yields accurate results. Furthermore, the analytical results of DA in serum show that the developed method is a promising alternative approach for complex systems.
Thermal Rearrangement of Phosphine−B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> Adducts (2008)

A series of tertiary and secondary phosphine-B(C6F5)3 adducts are shown to undergo facile, thermal-induced rearrangement to give zwitterionic species of the form R3P(C6F4)BF(C6F5)2 and R2PH(C6F4)BF(C6F 5)2, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: L‐O‐CARBORANYLALANINE, A BORON ANALOG OF PHENYLALANINE (1976)

Abstract Die Titelverbindung (IIIb), die anstelle eines Benzolringes in Phenylalanin einen 1,2‐Carborankäfig enthält, wird ausgehend vom Acetonitrildekaboran‐Komplex (I) ‐ erhalten durch Erhitzen von Dekaboran in Acetonitril ‐ dargestellt.
Effect of azoxymethane and curcumin on transcriptional levels of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 during initiation of colon carcinogenesis (2006)

Our study suggests that during initiation, AOM inhibits colonic COX-1 expression without affecting COX-2 and dietary curcumin may increase COX-2 expression to compensate AOM-induced reduction of COX-1 expression.
Predicting customers' behavioral intentions toward ATM services (2013)

Purpose – The present study aims at developing an integrated model designed to predict and explain the various factors that influence customers' behavioral intentions to use or not to use one particular SST, i.e. ATM services. Design/methodology/approach – A list of households in a particular Indian city was obtained from the municipal corporation. 268 respondents were contacted using systematic sampling technique. Structural equation modeling was used to demonstrate the stability of the proposed model and to test the hypotheses. Findings – The study finds that bank customers are less innovative and less optimistic to try out new technologies. Usefulness of the technology helps in developing positive attitude towards the technology. Customers' intentions to use technology are significantly affected by their attitude towards the technology. Research limitations/implications – The present study confines to only two banks and that too limited to the branches of these banks operating in one city only. Practical implications – Despite extensive use of ATMs, the absence of direct interaction with bank staff has increased customers' apprehensions about the perceived risk. To reduce the customers concern about perceived risk because of security and privacy concerns, the bank should improve the quality of interaction with the customers to alleviate these apprehensions. Originality/value – Lack of personal interaction generates doubts and queries in the minds of the people, especially those unaware or less aware of these technology-based services. Such a situation is quite prevalent in the developing nations (like India), where still a large number of people are apprehensive about using the latest technologies.
Expression of a 26S proteasome ATPase subunit, MS73, in muscles that undergo developmentally programmed cell death, and its control by ecdysteroid hormones in the insect <i>Manduca sexta</i> (1997)

MS73, an ATPase regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome in the moth Manduca sexta, is shown to be expressed at a high level only in muscles that are undergoing developmentally programmed cell death, or which are destined to do so. The amount of MS73 is increased by more than two-fold just before death in each of three different muscles that die at different times, under different developmental controls. An ecdysteroid (moulting hormone) agonist, RH-5849, that prevents the occurrence of programmed cell death in two of these muscles also prevents the normally occurring rise in level of MS73 in these muscles. This evidence is consistent with a role for MS73 in programmed cell death.
An Outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Colitis Associated with Consumption of Precooked Meat Patties (1991)

An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 hemorrhagic colitis at a Minnesota junior high school in October 1988 comprised 32 cases among 1562 students (attack rate, 2.0%). Four children were hospitalized; none developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Case children were more likely than controls to have eaten heat-processed meat patties (odds ratio, 6.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-20.1; P less than .001) in the school cafeteria on a specific day. The minimum estimated attack rate among students who ate these patties was 8%. The patties should have been sufficiently cooked by the manufacturer to destroy enteric pathogens before they were frozen and distributed. E. coli were cultured from frozen patties that were manufactured at the same plant on the same dates as the implicated patties, but serotype O157:H7 was not isolated. Heat-processed meat patties may serve as vehicles for E. coli O157:H7 infection, and currently there are no federal or state regulatory standards to ensure the safety of these products.
Performance analysis of a system of communicating processes (1997)

Efficient exploration of the system design space necessitates fast and accurate performance estimation as opposed to the computationally prohibitive alternative of exhaustive simulation. The paper addresses the issue of worst case performance analysis of a system described as a set of concurrent communicating processes. We show that the synchronization overhead associated with inter process communication can contribute significantly to the overall system performance. Application of existing performance analysis techniques, which target single process descriptions, lead to inaccurate performance estimates as the synchronization overhead is not accounted for. We present PERC, a fast and accurate worst case performance analysis technique which analyzes inter process communication, and accounts for synchronization overhead while computing the worst case performance estimate of a given system implementation. Application of PERC to example systems described as multiple communicating processes shows the ability of the proposed method to accurately estimate the worst case performance of the system implementation.
TEMPORAL-SP A T IAL P A TTERN OF TRUE BUG ASSEMBLIES (HETEROPTERA: GERROMORPHA, NEPOMORPHA) IN LAKE BALA T ON (2003)

The present study was carried out at lake Balaton during 1999 and 2000, collecting Heteroptera species from 44 sampling sites. The different basins and the surrounding streams were compared based on temporal-spatial patterns of bug assemblies. The dominance and constancy values of the present species were used in the analysis. The Szemes Basin shows the least values of diversity and the streams have the greatest values.
Portfolio selection with fuzzy MCDM using genetic algorithm: application of financial engineering (2006)

The emphasis of portfolio decision-making is placed on how to obtain the optimal solution of portfolio allocation in recent years. The objective for most of programming models, so called either the return model or the risk model, is to maximize the profit or to minimize the cost for portfolio selection based on mean-variance (MV) theorem proposed by Markowitz. However, both two objectives must be taken into consideration at the same time instead of trade-off between risk and return in the real situations. In general, these two objectives are not crisp under uncertainty environment from the point of view of the investors. In this paper, a method of portfolio selection is proposed to arrive at dealing with optimizing risk-return structure of a portfolio simultaneously in fuzzy terms, named fuzzy multi-goal portfolio (FMGP) decision-making model. The FMGP decision making model here is applied to analyze the weighting for the underlying of a portfolio with the aspiration-level using fuzzy membership functions (FMFs) to obtain feasible solutions. Genetic algorithm (GA) is also employed here to tackle the curse of computation for a large-scale portfolio. The evidence from Morgan Stanley country indices (MSCI) portfolios shows the viability and effectiveness for the investment decision-making under uncertainty environment.
A Floating Self-Assembly Route to Colloidal Crystal Templates for 3D Cell Scaffolds (2005)

Preparation of well-ordered three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds is of great importance for various aspects of tissue engineering and fundamental research in cell biology. A versatile technique, floating self-assembly, is reported here for the first time to prepare 3D colloidal crystals from polystyrene particles of various diameters (10−240 μm). Ethylene glycol was used as the solvent in the self-assembly process of colloidal crystals. Polymer colloidal particles float on the surface of ethylene glycol and self-assemble into a hexagonal crystal lattice structure. The slow evaporation of ethylene glycol left solvent-free 3D colloidal crystals. Na2SiO3 sol−gel solution was infiltrated into the interstitial space of the prepared colloidal crystals, taking advantage of the capillary effect, and an inverse opal with a highly ordered system of spherical cavities interconnected by channels was obtained by calcining the colloidal particles at high temperature. As-prepared inverse opals were used as 3D cell scaffolds which possess a high degree of order compared to existing foamlike and fibrous cell scaffolds and afford tight control over the scaffolds' porosity and tissue organization. Their preparation by this technique is much simpler than that by free-form fabrication techniques. The biocompatibility of the prepared cell scaffolds is demonstrated through human hepatocellular carcinoma HEP G2 and human bone marrow HS-5 cell cultures.
7,8-Dichloro-1-oxo-β-carbolines as a Versatile Scaffold for the Development of Potent and Selective Kinase Inhibitors with Unusual Binding Modes (2011)

Development of both potent and selective kinase inhibitors is a challenging task in modern drug discovery. The innate promiscuity of kinase inhibitors largely results from ATP-mimetic binding to the kinase hinge region. We present a novel class of substituted 7,8-dichloro-1-oxo-β-carbolines based on the distinct structural features of the alkaloid bauerine C whose kinase inhibitory activity does not rely on canonical ATP-mimetic hinge interactions. Intriguingly, cocrystal structures revealed an unexpected inverted binding mode and the presence of halogen bonds with kinase backbone residues. The compounds exhibit excellent selectivity over a comprehensive panel of human protein kinases while inhibiting selected kinases such as the oncogenic PIM1 at low nanomolar concentrations. Together, our biochemical and structural data suggest that this scaffold may serve as a valuable template for the design and development of specific inhibitors of various kinases including the PIM family of kinases, CLKs, DAPK3 (ZIPK), BMP2K (BIKE), and others.
Riboflavin and cancer: a review. (1973)

Summary The relationship of riboflavin to cancer is intriguing but many gaps remain in our knowledge. Several studies indicate that riboflavin deficiency inhibits tumor growth in experimental animals and possibly in man, but the precise mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. Azo dye carcinogenesis in liver appears to be a special case in that riboflavin deficiency increases the potency of these drugs in tumor causation, probably in large measure because flavin cofactors are involved in their metabolic degradation. Riboflavin influences uptake of chemotherapeutic drugs in at least one instance (methotrexate) into neoplastic cells. The fact that folic acid metabolism depends upon flavin cofactors may have implications for the use of folate antagonists in cancer chemotherapy. Neoplastic liver appears to lack certain mechanisms that regulate riboflavin metabolism in normal tissues. In addition, it is more resistant than normal liver to riboflavin deficiency, as reflected in the relatively higher concentrations of flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide measured in samples of tumor than in the host rat liver. By contrast, the concentration of free riboflavin is greatly depressed in Novikoff hepatoma grown in riboflavin-deficient animals. The loss of this relatively dispensable flavin fraction may be one of the mechanisms that enable tumor to retain the more critical flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide fractions when dietary riboflavin is diminished. The provocative observation that certain patients with cancer excrete less riboflavin than do normal individuals requires further confirmation. Much remains to be learned about the uptake, turnover, binding, and removal of riboflavin and its derivatives from neoplastic tissue.
DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF RFID BASED DISTRIBUTION CENTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (2009)

Because of the technical limitations,the traditional Warehouse Management System(WMS) could not meet the distribution centers' requirement—the real-time information collection and automation management.The RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) technology can solve this problem with its particular characteristics.Based on a practical case,a new RFID-based distribution center management system is designed.The basic workflow of warehouse is briefly explained,including inflow,outflow,inventory check and replenishment.Then,the development of the practical system,the technical difficulties encountered in the course of implementation and the related solutions are introduced.Finally,the result of the system implementation is presented to prove the effectiveness of the solution.
Building a radial spoke: Flagellar radial spoke protein 3 (RSP3) is a dimer (2007)

Radial spokes are critical multisubunit structures required for normal ciliary and eukaryotic flagellar motility. Experimental evidence indicates the radial spokes are mechanochemical transducers that transmit signals from the central pair apparatus to the outer doublet microtubules for local control of dynein activity. Recently, progress has been made in identifying individual components of the radial spoke, yet little is known about how the radial spoke is assembled or how it performs in signal transduction. Here we focus on radial spoke protein 3 (RSP3), a highly conserved AKAP located at the base of the radial spoke stalk and required for radial spoke assembly on the doublet microtubules. Biochemical approaches were taken to further explore the functional role of RSP3 within the radial spoke structure and for control of motility. Chemical crosslinking, native gel electrophoresis, and epitope-tagged RSP3 proteins established that RSP3 forms a dimer. Analysis of truncated RSP3 proteins indicates the dimerization domain coincides with the previously characterized axoneme binding domain in the N-terminus. We propose a model in which each radial spoke structure is built on an RSP3 dimer, and indicating that each radial spoke can potentially localize multiple PKAs or AKAP-binding proteins in position to control dynein activity and flagellar motility.