gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AREAL FLOOD-FREQUENCY ANALYSIS IN A HUMID REGION (1960)

Abstract This study was made to define the relation between floods in a humid region and the causative factors that account for their variability. The study covered the basic relationships between peak discharges and hydrologic factors as well as the practical working methods for generalizing the results on a regional basis. Statistical multiple-correlation techniques were applied to hydrologic data in New England. A field and library investigation of historical flood data extended the period of flood knowledge to as much as 300 years. The relation of many topographic and climatic factors to flood peaks was tested. Flood peaks with recurrence intervals at 9 levels, from 1.2 to 300 years, were related to 6 independent variables, 3 of which are topographic, 2 climatic, and 1 orographic.
Formation of Carbon Monoxide during Mouse Hepatic Microsomal Oxidative Metabolism of Cannabidiol; Identification and Determination. (1995)

Carbon monoxide (CO) was generated in the process of hepatic microsomal oxidative metabolism of cannabidiol (CBD). After the generated CO was reduced to methane (CH4) with a methanizer, CH4 formed was determined by gas chromatography (GC) with a flame ionization detector. After oxidation with hopcalite, CO was also identified as CO2 by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The reaction was NADPH-dependent and required molecular oxygen. It was inhibited by addition of some inhibitors of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase. When CBD (191 microM) was incubated with hepatic microsomes of mice in the presence of an NADPH-generating system and oxygen, concentration of CO determined by GC was 4.7 +/- 0.5 ppm/nmol P450 in the incubation atmosphere. Pretreatment with phenobarbital (100 mg/kg, i.p. for 3d) but not 3-methylcholanthrene (80 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the CO formation 78%, while pretreatment with cobaltous chloride (40 mg/kg, i.p. for 3 d) decreased the formation 56%. When CBD was incubated under oxygen-18 gas, molecular oxygen was not incorporated into the CO molecule. 8,9-Dihydro- and 1,2,8,9-tetrahydro-CBDs also produced CO to some extent, whereas CBD monomethyl- and dimethylethers reduced the ability to produce CO. In addition, cannabidivarin and olivetol produced CO, although none of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and d-limonene did. Thus, the resorcinol moiety of CBD is important for CO formation.
TYK2 Kinase Activity Is Required for Functional Type I Interferon Responses In Vivo (2012)

Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family and is involved in cytokine signalling. In vitro analyses suggest that TYK2 also has kinase-independent, i.e., non-canonical, functions. We have generated gene-targeted mice harbouring a mutation in the ATP-binding pocket of the kinase domain. The Tyk2 kinase-inactive (Tyk2(K923E)) mice are viable and show no gross abnormalities. We show that kinase-active TYK2 is required for full-fledged type I interferon- (IFN) induced activation of the transcription factors STAT1-4 and for the in vivo antiviral defence against viruses primarily controlled through type I IFN actions. In addition, TYK2 kinase activity was found to be required for the protein's stability. An inhibitory function was only observed upon over-expression of TYK2(K923E)in vitro. Tyk2(K923E) mice represent the first model for studying the kinase-independent function of a JAK in vivo and for assessing the consequences of side effects of JAK inhibitors.
MAPI: a software framework for distributed biomedical applications (2013)

The framework has been tested in the biomedical application domain where it has been a base for developing several clients that are able to integrate different web resources. The MAPI binaries and documentation are freely available at http://www.bitlab-es.com/mapi under the Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivative Works 2.5 Spain License. The MAPI source code is available by request (GPL v3 license).
Ubiquitin-mediated Proteolysis of a Short-lived Regulatory Protein Depends on Its Cellular Localization (2000)

In this study we demonstrate that the Deg1 degradation signal of the transcriptional repressor Matalpha2 confers compartment-specific turnover to a reporter protein. Rapid degradation of a Deg1-containing fusion protein is observed only when the reporter is efficiently imported into the nucleus. In contrast, a reporter that is constantly exported from the nucleus exhibits an extended half-life. Furthermore, nuclear import functions are crucial for both Deg1-induced degradation as well as for the turnover of the endogenous Matalpha2 protein. The conjugation of ubiquitin to a Deg1-containing reporter protein is abrogated in mutants affected in nuclear import. Obviously, the Deg1 signal initiates rapid proteolysis within the nucleoplasm, whereas in the cytosol it mediates turnover via a slower pathway. In both pathways the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes Ubc6p/Ubc7p play a pivotal role. These observations imply that both the cellular targeting of a substrate and the compartment-specific activity of components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system define the half-life of naturally short-lived proteins.
GASTRIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST Cl‐988 INHIBITS GROWTH OF HUMAN COLON CANCER <i>IN VIVO</i> AND <i>IN VITRO</i> (1996)

This was the first study in cancer with this potent gastrin receptor antagonist, CI-988. The results suggest that CI-988 may be of use in inhibiting the growth of colorectal cancer.
Self-aligned carbon nanotube transistors with novel chemical doping (2005)

We report an unconventional chemical p- and n- doping scheme utilizing novel materials and a charge transfer mechanism to obtain air-stable, self-aligned, unipolar carbon nanotube transistors. This scheme in addition to introducing the tunability of the threshold voltage V/sub th/, increases the drive current 2-3 orders of magnitude, transforms CNFET from ambipolar to unipolar, suppresses minority carrier injection and yields an excellent I/sub on//I/sub off/ ratio of 10/sup 6/.
Analysis of digital circuits through symbolic reduction (1991)

The authors describe a semi-algorithmic method to extract finite-state models from an analog circuit-level model by means of homomorphic (behavior preserving) transformations. Properties to be verified are defined by omega -automata. Efficient algorithms for testing language containment of automata can then be applied to verify properties of the finite-state models. Proof of the property in the finite-state model guarantees the property in the analog circuit-level model over a continuous range of input waveforms and circuit parameters. While in practice this method applies directly only to smaller circuit components, it can be used to analyze larger circuits as well by deriving a hierarchy of increasingly abstract models, through repeated applications of homomorphic transformations. Examples of extraction, homomorphism, and verification are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Peer Reviewed: Characterizing Aquatic Dissolved Organic Matter (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVFeaturesNEXTPeer Reviewed: Characterizing Aquatic Dissolved Organic MatterUnderstanding the unknown structures is key to better treatment of drinking water.Jerry A. Leenheer and Jean-Philippe CrouéCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 1, 18A–26APublication Date (Web):January 1, 2003Publication History Published online1 January 2003Published inissue 1 January 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es032333chttps://doi.org/10.1021/es032333cnewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views18775Altmetric-Citations1026LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (373 KB) Get e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Dissolved organic matter Get e-Alerts
Cost-effectiveness of anti-tumor necrosis factor agents. (2005)

Rheumatoid arthritis can lead to substantial morbidity, disability and mortality. The development of anti-tumor necrosis factor antibodies from the bench to the bedside over the past 15 years has ushered in the new era of biologic therapies for rheumatic diseases. Etanercept, infliximab and adalimumab have all been approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis on the basis of improved clinical outcomes. Because these treatments, however, are expensive and not uniformly effective, concerns have arisen regarding their cost-effectiveness. This paper reviews the disease burden of rheumatoid arthritis, costs of drug therapy, costs of rheumatoid arthritis and the economics and cost-effectiveness of anti-tumor necrosis factor antibody agents.
Fragment-Based Drug Design and Drug Repositioning Using Multiple Ligand Simultaneous Docking (MLSD): Identifying Celecoxib and Template Compounds as Novel Inhibitors of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) (2011)

We describe a novel method of drug discovery using MLSD and drug repositioning, with cancer target STAT3 being used as a test case. Multiple drug scaffolds were simultaneously docked into hot spots of STAT3 by MLSD, followed by tethering to generate virtual template compounds. Similarity search of virtual hits on drug database identified celecoxib as a novel inhibitor of STAT3. Furthermore, we designed two novel lead inhibitors based on one of the lead templates and celecoxib.
Bach1 deficiency reduces severity of osteoarthritis through upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (2015)

Bach1 deficiency reduces the severity of OA-like changes. This may be due to maintenance of cartilage homeostasis and joint health by antioxidant effects through HO-1 and downregulation of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes. These results suggest that inactivation of Bach1 is a novel target and signaling pathway in OA prevention.
Semi-materialization: a performance analysis (2002)

The performance of queries on relational views can be greatly improved by keeping a stored copy of the materialized view. However, the cost of maintaining materialized views during updates on base relations is often high. This is especially so in the case of view definitions with universal quantifiers. An alternative approach called semi-materialization has been proposed, whereby carefully chosen redundant subsets of data of individual relations are stored. These subsets represent an intermediate state of view evaluation rather than a complete evaluation. The authors compare the performance of queries over views using query modification, semi-materialization and full materialization. The view definition expressions considered are: select-project-join, and a general form of calculus expressions. The results show comparable performance of full-materialization and semi-materialization for select-project-join expressions, and superior performance of semi-materialization for general expressions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Surface acoustic wave hydrogen gas sensor based on layered structure of palladium/metal-free phthalocyanine (2008)

A layered sensor structure of metal-free phthalocyanine H2Pc (∼160 nm) with a very thin film of palladium (Pd∼20 nm) on the top, has been studied for hydrogen gas-sensing application at relatively low temperatures of about 30◦C and about 40◦C. The layered structure was obtained by vacuum deposition (first the phthalocyanine Pc and than the Pd film) onto a LiNbO3Ycut Z-propagating substrate, making use of the Surface Acoustic Wave method, and additionally (in this same technological processes) onto a glass substrate with a planar microelectrode array for simultaneous monitoring of the planar resistance of the layered structure. In such a layered structure we can detect hydrogen in a medium concentration range (from 0.5 to 3% in air) even at about 30◦C. At elevated temperature up to about 40◦C the differential frequency increases proportionally (almost linearly) to the hydrogen concentration and the response reaches its steady state very quickly. The response times are about 18 s at the lowest 0.5% hydrogen concentration to about 42 s at 4% (defined as reaching 100% of the steady state). In the case of the investigated layered structure a very good correlation has been observed between the two utilized methods – the frequency changes in the SAW method correlate quite well with the decreases of the layered structure
A de novo 1p34.2 microdeletion identifies the synaptic vesicle gene <i>RIMS3</i> as a novel candidate for autism (2009)

This case report and mutation screening data suggest that RIMS3 is an autism causative or contributory gene. Functional studies of RIMS3 variants such as p.E177A should provide additional insight into the role of synaptic proteins in the pathophysiology of autism.
THERMOCHEMISTRY AND KINETICS OF AMMONIUM DITHIOCARBAMATE HYDROLYSIS (1963)

Abstract not available
A 2-in. mosaic wafer made of a single-crystal diamond (2014)

We synthesized a mosaic diamond wafer 2 in. in size (40 × 60 mm2), which consisted of 24 single-crystal diamond (SCD) plates 10 × 10 mm2 in area, by using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. Even by using a cloning technique, cracking frequently occurred and the non-uniformity was remarkable for wafers that were larger than 1 in. in size. This has not been observed in smaller samples before. Appropriate crystallographic directions could avoid the cracking and is one of the predominant factors in fabricating large area SCD wafers. Comparison with numerical simulations highlighted the importance of uniformity of the substrate temperature distribution on the uniformity of the growth.
Sequential recognition of the pre-mRNA branch point by U2AF65 and a novel spliceosome-associated 28-kDa protein. (1995)

Splicing of pre-mRNAs occurs via a lariat intermediate in which an intronic adenosine, embedded within a branch point sequence, forms a 2',5'-phosphodiester bond (RNA branch) with the 5' end of the intron. How the branch point is recognized and activated remains largely unknown. Using site-specific photochemical cross-linking, we have identified two proteins that specifically interact with the branch point during the splicing reaction. U2AF65, an essential splicing factor that binds to the adjacent polypyrimidine tract, crosslinks to the branch point at the earliest stage of spliceosome formation in an ATP-independent manner. A novel 28-kDa protein, which is a constituent of the mature spliceosome, contacts the branch point after the first catalytic step. Our results indicate that the branch point is sequentially recognized by distinct splicing factors in the course of the splicing reaction.
Design of Special Projector Illuminating Systems (1962)

Classical principles of condenser design are cited as a point of departure for discussing Luneburg's criterion for assessing uniformity of illumination on the basis of calculations made from lens data. Attention is called to pitfalls, in the form of physical impossibilities, which can be avoided early in a design effort. A discussion of those features of an illuminating system that distinguish between an easy and a difficult design is included, along with some techniques for relieving the difficulties. Also included is a discussion of the influence of various types of light sources on the design.
Knock‐out of the <i>cyaY</i> gene in <i>Escherichia coli</i> does not affect cellular iron content and sensitivity to oxidants (1999)

Friedreich ataxia is a recessively inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by deficiency of a highly conserved mitochondrial protein, frataxin. Frataxin deficiency results in mitochondrial iron accumulation and oxidative stress. Frataxin shows homology with the CyaY proteins of gamma-purple bacteria, whose function is unknown. We knocked out the CyaY gene in Escherichia coli MM383 by homologous recombination and we generated an E. coli MM383 strain overexpressing CyaY. Bacterial growth, iron content and survival after exposure to H2O2 did not differ among these strains, suggesting that, despite structural similarities, cyaY proteins in bacteria may have a different function from frataxin homologues in mitochondria.
Control of a turbocharged Diesel engine fitted with high pressure and low pressure exhaust gas recirculation systems (2009)

Exhaust gas recirculation is an effective way for reducing nitric oxides emissions in Diesel engine achieving low temperature combustion (LTC). Two strategies can be applied to recirculate burnt gas in a turbocharged Diesel engine using the high pressure loop or the low pressure loop. This paper describes a generic model based control structure for Diesel engines with dual-loop exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and variable geometry turbocharger. An observer is designed to estimate the exhaust gas flow coming from the high pressure loop or from the low pressure loop. These estimates are used for the intake burnt gas fraction control. This approach avoids direct measurement or implementation of additional sensors. In addition, a generic model based control based on motion planning is adapted to the low pressure EGR system. The main advantage of the approach is that turbocharger and exhaust gas recirculation systems controllers have a limited number of calibration parameters. The observer and controller results are presented and validated on a LTC-Diesel engine with a dual-loop EGR system.
Novel spherical Ziegler–Natta catalyst for polymerization and copolymerization. I. Spherical MgCl<sub>2</sub> support (2002)

Abstract Spherical MgCl 2 adducts used as supports for a Ziegler–Natta catalyst for olefin polymerization were prepared by the general precipitation method. The influence of MgCl 2 /EtOH (mol/mol) and the dispersion speeds on the particle size (PS) and particle size distribution (PSD) were investigated. It was found that the former played a trivial role in controlling the PS and PSD, and the latter was the key factor. In particular, the influence of ethanol on the crystal structure was further examined, with consideration given to the performance of the supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst. It was believed that the reactions between MgCl 2 and ethanol had a controlling effect on the destruction of the original anhydrous MgCl 2 , which was the key point in the preparation of suitable supports for the latest generation Ziegler–Natta catalyst. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 3112–3119, 2002
Decisive Heuristics to Differentiate Legitimate from Phishing Sites (2011)

Phishing attacks are a major concern for preserving Internet users privacy, especially when most of them lead to financial data theft by combining both social engineering and spoofing techniques. As blacklists are not the most effective in detecting phishing sites because of their short lifetime, heuristics appears as a privileged way at time 0. Several previous studies discussed the different types of phishing characteristics that can help defining heuristics tests, as well as comparing them to blacklists. In our paper, we studied heuristics using a different approach. Based on the characteristics of phishing URLs and webpages, we defined 20 heuristics tests and implemented them in our own active anti-phishing toolbar (Phishark). Then, we tested the heuristics effectiveness and determined which heuristics are decisive to differentiate legitimate from phishing sites.
Fast C 2 Interpolating Subdivision Surfaces using Iterative Inversion of Stationary Subdivision Rules (2003)

Abstract. This paper presents a simple iterative algorithm for computing an initial mesh which interpolates the vertices of a target base-mesh in the limit under Catmull-Clark subdivision rules. It uses only local 1-neighborhood information at each vertex of the target mesh, and runs in O(nm) time where n is the number of vertices in the base mesh and m is the number of iterations. Since m typically small gives interpolation to within acceptable tolerances, the algorithm is effectively O(n), requiring only constant work for each base vertex to achieve an almost-everywhere C 2 interpolating surface. This algorithm is effective for interpolation of closed, two sided meshes and assumes non-singularity of the underlying global splitting matrix. While the argument presented is for Catmull-Clark subdivision, it may be trivially extended to include Loop subdivision of tri-meshes as well. This method may be modified in a quick-and-dirty fashion to interpolate boundary normals as well as positions at the desired mesh points; unlike more sophisticated methods, however, no smoothing is done—the surface will thus have “ripples”, fine-scale surface perturbations not implied by a coarse medial sampling.
Structure-activity studies of bradykinin and related peptides. B2-receptor antagonists. (1991)

Thirty-seven compounds were tested as antagonists of kinin B2- and B1-receptors to identify the chemical changes required to obtain antagonism, improve antagonist affinity, and eliminate residual agonistic activities. Apparent affinity of antagonists was evaluated in terms of pA2 on the rabbit jugular vein, the dog carotid and renal arteries, the hamster urinary bladder, the guinea pig ileum, the rat vas deferens, the guinea pig trachea, and the rabbit aorta, using bradykinin and desArg9-bradykinin as B2- and B1-receptor activators. Replacement of Pro7 of bradykinin with D-Phe leads to antagonism; substitution of Pro3 by Hyp and extension of the peptide chain at the N-terminal with a D-Arg residue improves the affinity of antagonists; acetylation of N-terminal amine function reduces residual agonistic activity; these changes, combined with the replacement of Phe8 by Leu as in Ac-D-Arg[Hyp3,D-Phe7,Leu8]-bradykinin, led to potent full B2-receptor antagonists. Affinity of antagonists differs markedly between highly sensitive (rabbit jugular vein, dog carotid and renal artery), moderately sensitive (hamster urinary bladder, guinea pig ileum, and rat vas deferens), and insensitive preparations (the guinea pig trachea) in which antagonists act as potent stimulants. High concentrations of antagonists block bradykinin completely in the rabbit jugular vein but not in the guinea pig ileum, suggesting that kinins stimulate the moderately sensitive tissues by two mechanisms, of which only one is blocked by antagonists. It thus appears that kinins act on various B2-receptor subtypes or by different action mechanisms.