gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sharpening Out of Focus Images using High‐Frequency Transfer (2013)

Abstract Focus misses are common in image capture, such as when the camera or the subject moves rapidly in sports and macro photography. One option to sharpen focus‐missed photographs is through single image deconvolution, but high‐frequency data cannot be fully recovered; therefore, artifacts such as ringing and amplified noise become apparent. We propose a new method that uses assisting, similar but different, sharp image(s) provided by the user (such as multiple images of the same subject in different positions captured using a burst of photographs). Our first contribution is to theoretically analyze the errors in three sources of data—a slightly sharpened original input image that we call the target , single image deconvolution with an aggressive inverse filter, and warped assisting image(s) registered using optical flow. We show that these three sources have different error characteristics, depending on image location and frequency band (for example, aggressive deconvolution is more accurate in high‐frequency regions like edges). Next, we describe a practical method to compute these errors, given we have no ground truth and cannot easily work in the Fourier domain. Finally, we select the best source of data for a given pixel and scale in the Laplacian pyramid. We accurately transfer high‐frequency data to the input, while minimizing artifacts. We demonstrate sharpened results on out‐of‐focus images in macro, sports, portrait and wildlife photography.
Combining B-mode ultrasound with pulsed wave Doppler for the assessment of tubal patency (1997)

This study was conducted to determine whether the additional use of pulsed wave Doppler improves the diagnostic capacity in assessing tubal patency by hysterosalpingo contrast sonography (HyCoSy). A total of 210 women with a history of infertility were included in this study. HyCoSy was performed after intrauterine injection of Echovist 200. For the assessment of tubal patency B-mode scanning and pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound were performed in the proximal and distal tubal segments. With the combined sonographic procedure 297 tubes (74%) were rated patent, 35 (8%) incompletely obstructed and 70 (18%) completely obstructed. A total of 252 tubes were additionally examined by laparoscopy for reference purposes. Concordant results for both methods were found in 92% of tubes, nine had been rated false negative and 10 tubes appeared to have been rated false positive. The combined sonographic specificity was found to be 85% with a sensitivity of 95%. Peritubal adhesions detected by laparoscopy were found to be the reason for false positive sonographic results in 60% of cases. In conclusion, the combined B-mode and pulsed wave Doppler examination appears to be a non-invasive and low-cost test for the assessment of tubal patency, which should be performed during diagnostic work-up for infertility.
New High-Precision Photoelectric Universal Polarimeter and Birefringence Compensator* (1964)

A null-type photoelectric universal polarimeter (or ellipsometer) utilizing Faraday cells and a quarter-wave plate is described and its precision evaluated. For elliptically polarized light of small circularity (i.e., almost linearly polarized), the azimuth could be determined with a precision of 10 sec and the circularity to within 20 sec of arc. For light of large circularity (on the order of 35 deg), the corresponding precisions were 7 min (0.12 deg) for azimuth and 14 min (0.24 deg) for circularity. Errors due to a nonexact quarter-wave plate and nonperfect alignment of the compensator with respect to the elliptically polarized light are discussed. The use of this instrument as a high-precision Sénarmont compensator for the measurement of birefringence is also described.
Patient Perspectives on the Learning Health System: The Importance of Trust and Shared Decision Making (2015)

We conducted focus groups to assess patient attitudes toward research on medical practices in the context of usual care. We found that patients focus on the implications of this research for their relationship with and trust in their physicians. Patients view research on medical practices as separate from usual care, demanding dissemination of information and in most cases, individual consent. Patients expect information about this research to come through their physician, whom they rely on to identify and filter associated risks. In general, patients support this research, but worry that participation in research involving randomization may undermine individualized care that acknowledges their unique medical histories. These findings suggest the need for public education on variation in practice among physicians and the need for a collaborative approach to the governance of research on medical practices that addresses core values of trust, transparency, and partnership.
Scheduling a job mix in a partitionable parallel system (2003)

Efficient scheduling of jobs on parallel processors is essential for good performance. However, design of such schedulers is challenging because of the complex interaction between system and workload parameters. This paper studies the performance of a partitionable parallel system in which job scheduling depends on job characteristics. Jobs consist of a different number of tasks and are characterized as sequential or parallel depending on whether the tasks are processed sequentially on the same processor or at different processors. Jobs that consist of parallel tasks are called gangs, that is, they have to be scheduled to execute concurrently on processor partitions, where each task starts at the same time and computes at the same pace. The goal is to achieve good performance of sequential and parallel jobs. The performance of different scheduling schemes is compared over various workloads. Simulated results indicate that sequential jobs should not arbitrary overtake the execution of parallel jobs.
Contributors, Nov. 1975 (1975)

Presents a biographical entry for each author and co-author included in this issue of the publication.
Non-Linear Precoding Performance in Spatio-Temporally Correlated Mu-Mimo Channels (2018)

Among various precoding techniques proposed in the standardization phase for 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 5G New Radio (NR), Non-Linear Precoding (NLP) schemes gained quite an interest. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of existing non-linear precoding schemes in correlated Multi-User Multiple-Input- Multiple-Output (MU-MIMO) channels, and to validate their advantages compared to linear techniques. Although NLP schemes show better performance, their complexity is high. Alternatively, hybrid schemes can be used to reduce complexity, however their performance is conditioned by an accurate channel estimation.
Matching two-dimensional chemical graphs using genetic algorithms (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMatching two-dimensional chemical graphs using genetic algorithmsRobert D. Brown, Gareth Jones, Peter Willett, and Robert C. GlenCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1994, 34, 1, 63–70Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00017a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (993 KB) Get e-Alerts
Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin on Pregnancy Rate in Dairy Cattle (1990)

This study was to determine if gonadotropin-releasing hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin, or their interaction would affect pregnancy rate or milk progesterone profiles in dairy cattle. Cows and heifers eligible for first, second, and third services were assigned to four treatments: 1) saline i.m. within 5 min after AI (d 0) and saline 15 d after AI (n = 222 AI); 2) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (100 micrograms) i.m. within 5 min after AI and saline on d 15 (n = 223); 3) saline after AI and human chorionic gonadotropin (3500 IU) i.m. on d 15 (n = 196); 4) gonadotropin-releasing hormone at AI and human chorionic gonadotropin on d 15 (n = 195). Progesterone was quantified in milk samples collected twice weekly for 5 wk from all cows. Neither gonadotropin-releasing hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone x human chorionic gonadotropin interaction, age, nor service number affected pregnancy rate, which averaged 46.2%. Pregnancy and human chorionic gonadotropin affected milk progesterone profiles. Pregnancy maintained progesterone concentrations and human chorionic gonadotropin on d 15 increased them. This study does not support the general use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone at AI or human chorionic gonadotropin 15 d after AI as methods for enhancing pregnancy rates of dairy cattle.
Allopurinol modification of the toxicity and antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil. (1980)

Abstract Allopurinol (HPP) reduced the mortality of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) to mice and rats by almost 2-fold. Toxic manifestations of FUra treatment, including weight loss, histological changes in the gastrointestinal mucosa, and reduction of bone marrow cell survival, were lessened by prior and concomitant administration of HPP. In mice given a 7-day schedule of FUra (30 mg/kg/day), marrow cellularity was reduced and only 1% of the stem cells per femur survived compared to controls; this same schedule of FUra given with HPP (50 mg/kg/day), starting 1 day prior to and thereafter 1 hr before each FUra dose, caused less of a reduction in marrow cellularity, and 17% of the stem cells in the femur survived compared to controls. The toxicity of FUra on mouse bone marrow cells was also demonstrated in vitro as a reduction of the incorporation of [6-3H]deoxyuridine into the acid-insoluble fraction. Oxypurinol, the xanthine oxidase catabolite of HPP, but not HPP was capable of antagonizing this effect of FUra, suggesting that bone marrow cells are spared from FUra toxicity in vivo, possibly because HPP is rapidly metabolized by other tissues and distributed as oxypurinol. A reduction in the lethal toxicity of high doses of FUra by HPP was also observed in mice bearing ascites P388 tumor or solid Colon Tumor 38. Increasing the dose schedule of FUra in combination with HPP did not increase the life span of P388-bearing mice beyond that seen with optimal schedules of FUra alone. In Colon Tumor 38-bearing mice, however, schedules of FUra given with HPP resulted in 100% greater delay in tumor growth than optimal schedules of FUra alone. The increase in the therapeutic index of FUra with HPP seen in this tumor is being examined in the treatment of human disease.
Real-time PCR of single bacterial cells on an array of adhering droplets (2011)

Real-time PCR at the single bacterial cell level is an indispensable tool to quantitatively reveal the heterogeneity of isogenetic cells. Conventional PCR platforms that utilize microtiter plates or PCR tubes have been widely used, but their large reaction volumes are not suited for sensitive single-cell analysis. Microfluidic devices provide high density, low volume PCR chambers, but they are usually expensive and require dedicated equipment to manipulate liquid and perform detection. To address these limitations, we developed an inexpensive chip-level device that is compatible with a commercial real-time PCR thermal cycler to perform quantitative PCR for single bacterial cells. The chip contains twelve surface-adhering droplets, defined by hydrophilic patterning, that serve as real-time PCR reaction chambers when they are immersed in oil. A one-step process that premixed reagents with cell medium before loading was applied, so no on-chip liquid manipulation and DNA purification were needed. To validate its application for genetic analysis, Synechocystis PCC 6803 cells were loaded on the chip from 1000 cells to one cell per droplet, and their 16S rRNA gene (two copies per cell) was analyzed on a commercially available ABI StepOne real-time PCR thermal cycler. The result showed that the device is capable of genetic analysis at single bacterial cell level with Cq standard deviation less than 1.05 cycles. The successful rate of this chip-based operation is more than 85% at the single bacterial cell level.
Radar Signals: An Introduction to Theory and Application (1967)

Basic elements of matched filtering and pulse compression optimum pre-detection processing matched-filter waveform considerations the measurement accuracies of matched-filter radar signals the design of dispersive delay functions ultrasonic delay lines microwave and optical matched-filter techniques.
水稲における無代掻き作溝直播栽培法に関する研究 第2報カルパー・倒伏軽減剤の処理が生育収量に及ぼす影響 (1995)

本試験はこれまでの直播栽培法の一層の省力化,安定性,多収性および低コスト化を目的として1992年に引き続き無代掻き作溝直播栽培法の実証試験を行った。岡山大学農学部附属農場の水田において品種日本晴を用い,1993年5月18日に乾田状態の水田に溝幅30cmと20cmで作溝を行い,10a当り4.5kgの種子を動力散粒機で播種し,播種後湛水を行った。作溝幅30,20cmそれぞれの区についてカルパーを粉衣した区と無処理区を設けた。また,参考区として慣行移植区を設けた。倒伏防止を目的として出穂前17日に倒伏軽減剤を直播区と移植区の一部に処理した。得られた試験結果の概要は以下のとおりである。(1)湛水後の溝の深さは,溝幅30cm区および20cm区ともに,播種翌日に約1/2となり,湛水直後の溝の崩壊に伴って種子が覆土されることが確認された。(2)出芽・苗立ち率はいずれの区でも高く,特に溝幅30cm区で,さらにカルパー粉衣区で高くなった。また,種子深度は溝幅30cm区が溝幅20cm区より深く,覆土効果は溝幅30cm区で高かった。さらにカルパーを粉衣した区で覆土効果が高くなる傾向があった。(3)穂数は移植区に比べ直播区で,溝幅20cm区に比べ30cm区で多くなったが,カルパー粉衣による影響は小さかった。一穂穎花数は直播区に比べ移植区で多かったが,m2当り穎花数は各区ともに24～28×103の範囲にあった。精玄米収量は溝幅30cm・カルパー粉衣区で582g・m-2と最も高く,移植区よりも多収を示した。(4)9月上旬に接近した台風の影響で各区ともに倒伏がみられたが,倒伏軽減剤の処理により上位節間,葉身長,穂長が短縮し,処理区では全く倒伏が認められなかった。しかし,倒伏軽減剤処理により移植区では増収が認められたが,直播区では収量に及ぼす影響は小さかった。
Air Stable p-Doping of WSe<sub>2</sub> by Covalent Functionalization (2014)

Covalent functionalization of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is investigated for air-stable chemical doping. Specifically, p-doping of WSe(2) via NOx chemisorption at 150 °C is explored, with the hole concentration tuned by reaction time. Synchrotron based soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depict the formation of various WSe(2-x-y)O(x)N(y) species both on the surface and interface between layers upon chemisorption reaction. Ab initio simulations corroborate our spectroscopy results in identifying the energetically favorable complexes, and predicting WSe(2):NO at the Se vacancy sites as the predominant dopant species. A maximum hole concentration of ∼ 10(19) cm(-3) is obtained from XPS and electrical measurements, which is found to be independent of WSe(2) thickness. This degenerate doping level facilitates 5 orders of magnitude reduction in contact resistance between Pd, a common p-type contact metal, and WSe(2). More generally, the work presents a platform for manipulating the electrical properties and band structure of TMDCs using covalent functionalization.
Gd(<scp>iii</scp>) and Mn(<scp>ii</scp>) complexes for dynamic nuclear polarization: small molecular chelate polarizing agents and applications with site-directed spin labeling of proteins (2016)

We investigate complexes of two paramagnetic metal ions Gd<sup>3+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup> to serve as polarizing agents for solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) of <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, and <sup>15</sup>N at magnetic fields of 5, 9.4, and 14.1 T. Both ions are half-integer high-spin systems with a zero-field splitting and therefore exhibit a broadening of the m<sub>S</sub> = -1/2 ↔ +1/2 central transition which scales inversely with the external field strength. We investigate experimentally the influence of the chelator molecule, strong hyperfine coupling to the metal nucleus, and deuteration of the bulk matrix on DNP properties. At small Gd-DOTA concentrations the narrow central transition allows us to polarize nuclei with small gyromagnetic ratio such as <sup>13</sup>C and even <sup>15</sup>N via the solid effect. We demonstrate that enhancements observed are limited by the available microwave power and that large enhancement factors of >100 (for <sup>1</sup>H) and on the order of 1000 (for <sup>13</sup>C) can be achieved in the saturation limit even at 80 K. At larger Gd(iii) concentrations (≥10 mM) where dipolar couplings between two neighboring Gd<sup>3+</sup> complexes become substantial a transition towards cross effect as dominating DNP mechanism is observed. Furthermore, the slow spin-diffusion between <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N, respectively, allows for temporally resolved observation of enhanced polarization spreading from nuclei close to the paramagnetic ion towards nuclei further removed. Subsequently, we present preliminary DNP experiments on ubiquitin by site-directed spin-labeling with Gd<sup>3+</sup> chelator tags. The results hold promise towards applications of such paramagnetically labeled proteins for DNP applications in biophysical chemistry and/or structural biology.
The Poor (1969)

"England, bad as she is, is yet a Reforming Nation."1 Defoe's statement is confirmed more in the efforts of reformers than in the social legislation obtained. The historian is immediately struck by the prodigious amount of pamphlets, brochures, and books devoted to this and that particular social problem. The roster of English single-causers begins with such dedicated men as Child, Davenant, Burn, Gee, the two Fieldings, Gilbert, Hanway, Howard, and Eden, ably seconded by a regiment of more neutral fact finders led by Gregory King, John Massie, John Aikin, and Patrick Colquhoun. There seems little doubt that these individuals made a major contribution to social "improvement" by widely publicizing the precise measure of human suffering. Their empirical approach, conveyed by an already advanced free press, awakened a social conscience that precedes the Victorians by a full century. As Henry Fielding put it in 1753: "But if we were to make a Progress through the Outskirts of this Town, and look into the Habitations of the Poor, we should there behold such Pictures of human Misery as must move the Compassion of every Heart that deserves the Name of Human."2 KeywordsEighteenth CenturySocial ConscienceHuman MiseryPicking CottonPoor ReliefThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Plasmonic-Based Imaging of Local Square Wave Voltammetry (2011)

Square wave voltammetry (SWV) is widely used in electrochemical analysis and sensors because of its high sensitivity and efficient rejection of background current, but SWV by the conventional electrochemical detection method does not provide spatial resolution. We report here a plasmonic method to image local SWV, which opens the door for analyzing heterogeneous electrochemical reactions and for high-throughput detections of microarrays. We describe the basic principle, validate the principle by comparing the plasmonic-based SWV with those obtained with the conventional method, and demonstrate imaging capability for local electrochemical analysis.
Mineral Oil: The Best Xylene Substitute for Tissue Processing Yet? (2000)

A simple and effective method for the substitution of mineral oil for xylene in tissue processing is described. After a short dehydration with ethanol, tissue fragments are immersed in a mixture of ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and mineral oil at 45°C and 50°C, with vacuum / pressure /agitation in order to complete the dehydration and initiate the infiltration that is finalized with mineral oil and melted paraffin wax in separate and consecutive steps.Using random samples from 38 different types of tissue, 92 pairs of slides were prepared, half from specimens processed with xylene and the other half with the new procedure. Each of the 92 pairs of slides, that included 12 different conventional histochemical stains and 21 different immunohistocliemical stains, was evaluated 9 times in a blind test by as many reviewers. The evaluation of the results with the X2 test showed that processing tissue with mineral oil is equivalent to processing tissue with xylene. Furthermore, mineral oil poses no health or environmental risks and has microtomy advantages as well. Since June199 this new procedure Ilas been the standard method for tissue processing at Mount Sinai Meclical Center of Greater Miami. (The J Histotechnol 23:143, 2000)
Passive circulating cell sorting by deformability using a microfluidic gradual filter (2012)

The deformability of circulating leukocytes plays an important role in the physiopathology of several diseases like sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We present here a microfluidic method for the passive testing, sorting and separating of non-adherent cell populations by deformability. It consists of microfluidic sieves in series with pore sizes decreasing from the upstream to the downstream. The method capabilities are demonstrated with monocytic cell lines (THP-1) treated by Jasplakinolide (a stabilizer of polymerized actin), LatrunculinA (an inhibitor of actin polymerization), and with the plasma of patients suffering from ARDS. Simple sample injection with standard syringes and pumps makes the method readily adapted for experimentation in hospitals.
Constraint Satisfaction in Discrete Optimisation (1998)

Inspired by constraint satisfaction as well as operations research, Guided Local Search (GLS) and Fast Local Search (FLS) are novel stochastic constraint satisfaction and optimisation methods. They have been applied to a number of problems and achieved remarkable result. For example, they achieve results as good as, if not better than the stateof -the-art algorithms in the travelling salesman problem. In this paper, we shall outline these algorithms and describe some of their discrete optimisation applications. 1. Introduction Constraint satisfaction [Tsang 1993, Freuder &amp; Mackworth 1994, Marriott &amp; Stuckey 1998] is a very general problem that is required in many real life problems. Due to its generality, much research effort has been spent in this area in recent years. This has led to technological break-through as well as commercial exploitation. Sound commercially-available systems have been built, e.g. see ILOG Solver [Puget 1995], CHIP [Simonis 1995], ECLiPSe [Lever el. al. 1995] ...
Multiple neural networks and weighted voting (2003)

Proposes to train a number of neural networks independently, either with different learning algorithms or with the same algorithm but with different sets of parameters and then take a vote over them in the form of a weighted majority. All the nets learn essentially the same task but converge to different solutions due to different learning parameter values, e.g. net structure. The voting schemes investigated are static vs. dynamic, where in dynamic voting scheme, the network complexity is also taken into account. The system assigns a weight of 'confidence' to each participating net proportional to the net's success and complexity. An empirical work shows that having multiple nets significantly improves generalization, i.e., higher success is achieved in classifying previously unseen data. This framework is not limited to neural nets but can be applied to learning systems in general.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>