gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capillary column supercritical fluid chromatography mass spectrometry (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCapillary column supercritical fluid chromatography mass spectrometryRichard D. Smith, W. D. Felix, John C. Fjeldsted, and Milton L. LeeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 11, 1883–1885Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00248a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00248a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanism of Enhancement of IAA Oxidation by 2,4-Dichlorophenol (1968)

WVe recenitly proposed a series of reaction's to accouint for the observed formlaition of peroxidase comp)ound's I and II during the aerobic oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (3): 02 + HRP HRP-O. (i) HRP-O2 + IAA Per I (ii) Per I + e Per II +HO-IAA (iii) P,er II + IAA HRP + IAA (iv) (HRP-O.,: a complex betw een ferriperoxidase anid the biradical form of oxygeii; Per I anid Per II: intermefdiate peroxidas,e compoundis I and II; HO-IAA: hydroxyindolenineacebic acid; IAA*: an JAA free radical.) T'he interaction between IAA and HRP led to enzyme inactivaition or destruotion, and iit was postulated tfhiat this inactivation resulted from reactions between IAA free radical's and the enzyme (3). We subsequently repoxited a reaction time course 'in which 2 linear p'hases of IAA disappearance were observed (2). The first phase represented the enzyme caltalyzed oxidaltion of IAA, whiile the second was interpreted as t'he oxidation of IAA by a free radical ch'a'in mecihanism. Other datia have been interpreted as suggesting the presence of free radicals (5,9,12), anid the peroxidase caitalyzed production of s'ub9tralte free iradicals is consistent with dalta obtained from o1ther oxidative and peroxidative sysitem's (6, 7, 10,11). 2,4-Dichlo,rophenoll (DCP) i's widefly employed as a promoter of 'the peroxidase ca'talyzed oxid,ation of IAA; however, the mechani,sm o'f 'promotion has niot been elucidated. We now propose a mechanism of DCP action which is consistent wiith that shown a'bove for the IAA-HRP interaction and wilth other mechanism's suggesting the formation of substrate free redicais in peroxidase catalyzed oxida-tion's. IAA anid DCP were obtained from K and K La,boratories (New York) and analytical reagent grade HRP from Mann Rese,a,r;ch Laboratories (New York). HRP concentration was calculated by methods described previouAly (2, 3). IAA oxidaition was assayed in 2 ways. For the spectrophotometric assay, a Beckman DK-2A. ratio rec,ording spectrophotometer with a w,avelength scani attachment was used. Scans were made from 340 to 230 nm. The Salkowski assay employed the Giordon-Weber modified reagent (4). At vardiolls timeis, 2 ml aliquots of the reaction mixture were added to 4 mil modified Salkowski reagent. Color was allllowed to develop in the dark for 30 mnintutes, anid the optica,l density at 530 nm was measuired wi;th a Beckman DB spectrophotometer. Absorbance ohanges during the co-urse of 1AA oxidation are sh-own in fiiigu1re 1. A,fter 75 m,inutes the spectrum showed maxima at 254 and 248 nim. This suggesited the presence of methyleneoxindole, the likely final produet of peroxidase cata'lyzed IAA oxidation in vitro (5). The conversion of IAA to methyleneoxindole w,as niot a 1-step reaction, since specitral changes con'tinued to occur after all TAA
Diffusion tensor model based smoothing (2003)

We provide a unified framework for smoothing noisy brain image data along attributes of choice derived from diffusion tensor imaging. The framework is based on a variational segmentation functional approach that outputs smoothed regions within the white matter that are relatively homogeneous with respect to specific diffusion tensor image properties. The smoothed tensor fields and the associated edge fields are recovered in a number of ways, thus illustrating the applicability of the proposed unified framework for smoothing and feature extraction in support of the anatomic identification of white matter fiber systems in the human brain.
In vivo demonstration of reflection artifact reduction in photoacoustic imaging using synthetic aperture photoacoustic-guided focused ultrasound (PAFUSion) (2016)

Reflection artifacts caused by acoustic inhomogeneities are a critical problem in epi-mode biomedical photoacoustic imaging. High light fluence beneath the probe results in photoacoustic transients, which propagate into the tissue and reflect back from echogenic structures. These reflection artifacts cause problems in image interpretation and significantly impact the contrast and imaging depth. We recently proposed a method called PAFUSion (Photoacoustic-guided focused ultrasound) to identify such reflection artifacts in photoacoustic imaging. In its initial version, PAFUSion mimics the inward-travelling wavefield from small blood vessel-like PA sources by applying ultrasound pulses focused towards these sources, and thus provides a way to identify the resulting reflection artifacts. In this work, we demonstrate reduction of reflection artifacts in phantoms and in vivo measurements on human volunteers. In view of the spatially distributed PA sources that are found in clinical applications, we implemented an improved version of PAFUSion where photoacoustic signals are backpropagated to imitate the inward travelling wavefield and thus the reflection artifacts. The backpropagation is performed in a synthetic way based on the pulse-echo acquisitions after transmission on each single element of the transducer array. The results provide a direct confirmation that reflection artifacts are prominent in clinical epi-photoacoustic imaging, and that PAFUSion can strongly reduce these artifacts to improve deep-tissue photoacoustic imaging.
A GF(p) elliptic curve group operator resistant against side channel attacks (2008)

This paper deals with FPGA and ASIC implementations of side-channel attack resistant elliptic curve cryptosystems defined over GF(p). The elegance of the design lies in the fact that all operations are performed in binary number system, thus reducing conversion overheads of existing architectures. In our implementation, point addition and point doubling operations are performed in affine coordinates. They are performed using same amount of computation, which provides a secure design against timing and power analysis attacks. Implementation and side-channel analysis results are compared with related existing designs.
Multicellular spheroids: a three‐dimensional<i>in vitro</i>culture system to study tumour biology (1998)

The growth of tumour cells as three-dimensional multicellular spheroids in vitro has led to important insights in tumour biology, since properties of the in vivo-tumour such as proliferation or nutrient gradients, can be studied under controlled conditions. While this review starts with an update of recent data on spheroid monocultures, especially concerning tumour microenvironment and therapeutic modalities, the main emphasis is put on the spectrum of heterologous cultures which have evolved in previous years. This type of culture includes tumour cell interaction with endothelial, fibroblast or immunocompetent cells. The relation of the spheroid culture model to other types of three-dimensional culture and our critical evaluation and presentation of the technical aspects of growing and analysing spheroids are included in the text. These topics are chosen to help the experimental pathologist design experiments with tumour spheroids and to stimulate discussion.
Performance of isolated word recognition system for degraded speech (2005)

The performance of an isolated word speech recognition (IWSR) system is known to drop rapidly with increase in the degradation of the input speech. In this paper we propose a recognition scheme which adapts itself to mild degradations in speech. The scheme does not need apriori information regarding the nature and extent of noise. We suggest techniques which adaptively discriminate between noisy and noise-free parameters by using a selective weighting procedure in the final distance calculations. A suitable index is used to study the performance of the recognition system for small data sets. Our scheme lends itself to greater flexibility in handling degradations in speech input than do the existing recognition schemes. We illustrate our scheme by simulating an adaptive differential pulse code modulated (ADPCM) speech, where the main distortion is contributed by the quatization noise.
An Architectural Design of a Job Management System Leveraging Software Defined Network (2013)

Whether to be able to efficiently utilize the interconnect in a cluster system is a key factor in deciding the computational performance especially for a class of jobs that require intensive communications between processes. However, most of Job Management Systems (JMSs), which are deployed on cluster systems for load-balancing, do not have any mechanism that takes the pattern and requirements of communication occurred in a job into consideration, regardless of potential large impact on its performance. In this research, we explore a novel JMS that can assign computing resources to jobs submitted to the JMS from a standpoint of efficient use of both network and processor resource. More technically, in this paper, a JMS that integrates the network programming functionality of OpenFlow as Software Defined Network is proposed and discussed towards better and more efficient allocation of computing and network resources.
Multimedia Messaging Service: System Description and Performance Analysis (2006)

Following the success of short messaging service (SMS), multimedia messaging service (MMS) is emerging as a natural but revolutionary successor to short messaging. MMS allows personalized multimedia messages containing content such as images, audio, text and video to be created and transferred between MMS-capable phones and other devices. By using IP and its associated protocols, MMS is able to interwork with other messaging systems such as Internet messaging services. An important feature of MMS is the guaranteed delivery of messages via a store-and-forward mechanism which temporarily stores messages in the network until successfully delivered. Unlike SMS, multimedia messaging service does not mandate any maximum size for a multimedia message. This enhanced flexibility of MMS requires a careful design of the network in order to avoid excessive message delays and losses. This paper develops a mathematical model for evaluating the performance of an MMS system. Using the model, closed-form expressions for major performance parameters such as message loss, message delay and expiry probability have been derived. Furthermore, a simple algorithm is presented to find the optimal temporary storage size for a given set of system parameters. The accuracy of the presented analysis is evaluated through simulations which shows a close agreement between analytic and simulation results.
Semantic integration in text: from ambiguous names to identifiable entities (2005)

Semantic integration focuses on discovering, representing, and manipulating correspondences between entities in disparate data sources. The topic has been widely studied in the context of structured data, with problems being considered including ontology and schema matching, matching relational tuples, and reconciling inconsistent data values. In recent years, however, semantic integration over text has also received increasing attention. This article studies a key challenge in semantic integration over text: identifying whether different mentions of real-world entities, such as JFK and John Kennedy, within and across natural language text documents, actually represent the same concept.We present a machine-learning study of this problem. The first approach is a discriminative approach--a pairwise local classifier is trained in a supervised way to determine whether two given mentions represent the same real-world entity. This is followed, potentially, by a global clustering algorithm that uses the classifier as its similarity metric. Our second approach is a global generative model, at the heart of which is a view on how documents are generated and how names (of different entity types) are sprinkled into them. In its most general form, our model assumes (1) a joint distribution over entities (for example, a document that mentions President Kennedy is more likely to mention Oswald or White House than Roger Clemens), and (2) an author model that assumes that at least one mention of an entity in a document is easily identifiable and then generates other mentions via (3) an appearance model that governs how mentions are transformed from the representative mention. We show that both approaches perform very accurately, in the range of 90-95 percent. F1 measure for different entity types, much better than previous approaches to some aspects of this problem. Finally, we discuss how our solution for mention matching in text can be potentially applied to matching relational tuples, as well as to linking entities across databases and text.
A comparison of interference rejection and multiuser detection (1999)

We investigate the use of an antenna array at the receiver in FDMA/TDMA systems, to let several users share one communication channel within a cell. A decision feedback equalizer which simultaneously detects all incoming signals (multiuser detection) is compared to a set of decision feedback equalizers, each detecting one signal and rejecting the remaining as interference. We also introduce the existence of a zero-forcing solution to the equalization problem as an indicator of near-far resistance of different detector structures. Simulations indicate that multiuser detection in general provides better performance than interference rejection. 1 Introduction In a cellular communication system, multi-element antennas, also known as antenna arrays, can be used at the receiver to increase the capacity. It may even be possible to employ reuse within a cell, i.e. to let several users share each channel in one cell. In this paper, we illustrate, compare and explore two ways of using an antenn...
Differential Roles of Cardiac Myosin-Binding Protein C and Cardiac Troponin I in the Myofibrillar Force Responses to Protein Kinase A Phosphorylation (2007)

The heart is remarkably adaptable in its ability to vary its function to meet the changing demands of the circulatory system. During times of physiological stress, cardiac output increases in response to increased sympathetic activity, which results in protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylations of the myofilament proteins cardiac troponin (cTn)I and cardiac myosin-binding protein (cMyBP)-C. Despite the importance of this mechanism, little is known about the relative contributions of cTnI and cMyBP-C phosphorylation to increased cardiac contractility. Using engineered mouse lines either lacking cMyBP-C (cMyBP-C(-/-)) or expressing a non-PKA phosphorylatable cTnI (cTnI(ala2)), or both (cMyBP-C(-/-)/cTnI(ala2)), we investigated the roles of cTnI and cMyBP-C phosphorylation in the regulation of the stretch-activation response. PKA treatment of wild-type and cTnI(ala2) skinned ventricular myocardium accelerated stretch activation such that the response was indistinguishable from stretch activation of cMyBP-C(-/-) or cMyBP-C(-/-)/cTnI(ala2) myocardium; however, PKA had no effect on stretch activation in cMyBP-C(-/-) or cMyBP-C(-/-)/cTnI(ala2) myocardium. These results indicate that the acceleration of stretch activation in wild-type and cTnI(ala2) myocardium is caused by phosphorylation of cMyBP-C and not cTnI. We conclude that the primary effect of PKA phosphorylation of cTnI is reduced Ca(2+) sensitivity of force, whereas phosphorylation of cMyBP-C accelerates the kinetics of force development. These results predict that PKA phosphorylation of myofibrillar proteins in living myocardium contributes to accelerated relaxation in diastole and increased rates of force development in systole.
Synthesis and hypocholesterolemic activities of eritadenine derivatives (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and hypocholesterolemic activities of eritadenine derivativesKentaro Okumura, Kazuo Matsumoto, Masaharu Fukamizu, Harunori Yasuo, Yoshihiko Taguchi, Yukio Sugihara, Ichizo Inoue, Masahiko Seto, Yasuhiko Sato, and Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 8, 846–855Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00254a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00254a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regionalentwicklung durch Agrarkolonisation? (2006)

Vor mehr als fünfzig Jahren beschloss die kurz zuvor an die Macht gelangte MNR-Regierung, mit einer umfassenden Agrarreform eine Umverteilung des landwirtschaftlichen Eigentums in Bolivien zu initiieren. Unproduktive Latifundien sollten ebenso enteignet und an Bedarfsgruppen vergeben werden wie extensiv genutzte Areale. Tausende Familien sollten in der Folgezeit vom andinen Hochland ins tropische Tiefland (Oriente) geholt und in Plandörfern angesiedelt werden. Dieser als Agrarkolonisation bezeichnete Vorgang beinhaltet die Erschließung und Besiedlung von nur teilweise oder nicht genutzten Flächen zur Ausweitung der Agrarproduktion und zur Existenzsicherung der ländlichen Bevölkerung. Während die letzten staatlichen Umsiedlungsprogramme aufgrund von Finanzmangel, ihres begrenzten Erfolges und der öffentlichen Kritik an ihrer Umsetzung vor rund zwanzig Jahren eingestellt wurden, sind ihre Folgewirkungen in den Kolonisationsgebieten noch immer zu spüren. Flächenmangel und Grenzkonflikte führen ebenso zu Unmut und Protest bei betroffenen Siedlern wie die ärmlichen Lebensbedingungen und die räumliche Desintegration vieler Siedlungen. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert wesentliche Ziele und Probleme der Agrarkolonisation und fragt nach ihren regionalen Effekten für das ostbolivianische Tiefland.
Recent Advances in Reactions of Azides (2017)

Abstract Azides are important intermediates in organic synthesis. They can function as precursors to form amines, amides, quinolones, pyridines, triazoles, amidines, indoles, and so on. Although there are some reviews about the applications of azides, few are concerned about their fundamental mechanisms. This review will focus on recent advances of azides based on three reactivity patterns, which may enlighten the further research. magnified image
Continuously phase-matched terahertz difference frequency generation in an embedded-waveguide structure supporting only fundamental modes (2008)

We demonstrate an all-single mode structure which enables continuous phase matching of difference frequency generated THz light from the near-IR. This structure provides a long interaction length by way of well-confined collinear propagation of pumps and product without diffraction, resulting in high conversion efficiency. A LiNbO(3) version of this structure achieved a power-normalized conversion efficiency of 1.3 x 10(-7) W(-1)--some 23 times larger than the largest previously reported results.
Validating the Adidas miCoach and Nike+ Sport Kit for estimating pace, distance, and energy expenditure during over-ground exercise (2013)

There is currently no known published research validating the Adidas miCoach or Nike+ Sport Kit personal training systems for outdoor, over-ground walking and running. To validate these devices for estimating pace (min.km-1), distance (km) and energy expenditure (EE) (kcal·min-1) during outdoor over-ground walking and running for two different sensor configurations, 6 male and 8 female participants with moderate endurance training (Mean ± SE Age: 28.21 ± 2.27 y; Body Mass: 60.93 ± 2.97 kg; Height: 167.43 ± 2.09 cm; Percent Body Fat: 14.93 ± 1.94% (N=16); and VO2max: 54.44 ± 1.47 mL·kg-1·min -1) completed this study. The protocol consisted of walking at 53.6, 80.4 and 107.2 m·min-1 and running at 134.0, 160.8, 187.6 and 214.0 m·min-1 on an outdoor, 400 meter track, while wearing a portable metabolic measurement unit (COSMED K4b2). Each sensor was attached on the right (miCoach) and left (Nike+) shoelaces (LC), as well as the midsole (MC) of the shoe. Estimated pace, distance and EE were compared to values determined by criterion methods (AC). Data were analyzed using a MANOVA (pace, distance) or MANCOVA with repeated measures (energy expenditure) to evaluate significant differences. For the miCoach, each subsequent stage elicited a significant change in estimated pace for both the LC and MC (p≤0.001) except between 53.6 and 80.4 m·min -1, and 107.2 and 134.0 m·min-1 at the MC. The miCoach LC and MC also demonstrated a significant change for distance (p=0.019) and EE (p=0.032) with each subsequent speed. For the Nike+, each subsequent stage elicited a significant change in estimated values for pace (p=0.001), distance (p< 0.001), and EE (p<0.001). The miCoach LC and MC pace were significantly different from each other at 80.4 m·min-1> (p=0.021). There were no other significant differences seen between miCoach LC and MC, or between Nike+ LC and MC for pace; likewise, there were no significant differences between the miCoach LC and MC or Nike+ LC and MC for distance. The miCoach LC and MC EE were significantly different from each other at walking speeds of 53.6 and 80.4 m·min-1> (p≤0.012). There were no other significant differences seen between the miCoach LC and MC, or between the Nike+ LC and MC for EE. For practical purposes, miCoach seems to be useful; however, the Nike+ seems to fall short of the manufacturers' claims. The inability of both the miCoach and Nike+ to correctly estimate pace, distance and EE across the entire range of speeds indicates that these do not appear to be valid assessment instruments for outdoor research purposes.