gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon fibres from precursors produced by dry-jet wet-spinning of kraft lignin blended with kraft pulps (2017)

Abstract A part of kraft lignin (KL) can be used as a value-added product without detracting the chemical recovery and the energy balance of the kraft mill. The focus of this study is the production of light-weight carbon fibres (CFs) from KL obtained by the LignoBoost process. For this purpose, crude KL and various cellulose products from kraft pulping of hardwood (HW) and softwood (SW) were dissolved in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIm][OAc]) and submitted to dry-jet wet-spun to obtain precursor fibres containing 70% KL and 30% cellulose, which were thermally stabilised and further converted by thermal treatments into CF. The initial and final products were characterised with respect to, e.g. mole mass distribution, thermal properties, tensile strength and tensile modulus determination. The optimised precursor fibres are smooth and flexible with similar mechanical properties as commercial textile fibres. The best CFs made had a tensile strength of 780 MPa and a tensile modulus of 68 GPa and are thus stronger and stiffer than those produced by melt-spinning of SW-based lignins alone. The new CFs based on dry-jet wet-spun precursors still have a high potential for further improvements.
Absolute Calibration of Radar Altimeters: Consistency with Electromagnetic Modeling (2005)

Abstract Empirical Ku-band altimeter model functions of near-nadir normalized radar cross-sectional σ° are compared to electromagnetic two-scale quasi-specular theory in the context of a standard sea wave spectral model. Three empirical model functions are tested: (i) the modified Chelton and Wentz model (WCM) using data from Geosat, (ii) the Callahan et al. model using data from TOPEX, and (iii) the Freilich and Vanhoff model using data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR). These three models are basically very similar, except that they differ in terms of the level of absolute calibration. The difference between the absolute calibrations of the two extreme models (MCW and Freilich and Vanhoff) is as high as 1.9 dB. Assuming a sea wave spectrum similar to that used by Elfouhaily et al., the two-scale quasi-specular electromagnetic model is run, with a wave separation wavenumber kd adjusted so as to minimize the rms difference between the theoretical σ°(θ) function and the empirical near-nadir model function. The quality of the best-fit solution is not perfect, however, because the shape and absolute level of the function σ°(θ) cannot usually be adjusted simultaneously by the electromagnetic model. Taking the model function used by Freilich and Vanhoff as a reference, an offset is then introduced to the empirical model function, and the residual error is computed as a function of the offset. The overall quality of the fit is shown to be best when a −1.1 dB offset is introduced into the Freilich and Vanhoff model function. To within 0.1 dB, this corresponds to the offset that would be required to match Callahan et al.’s model function. This result is obtained in a context where the effect of the peakedness of the sea surface was assumed negligible. When this effect is introduced, with a peakedness parameter Δ assumed to be independent of wind speed and taken tentatively as Δ = 0.23, as suggested by Chapron et al., the optimal offset is then found to be −0.2 dB, thus indicating that for this example the best consistency with electromagnetic modeling is closer to Freilich and Vanhoff’s calibration. A more refined assessment would require accurate measurements of the parameter Δ involving both magnitude and variability with wind speed. Such accurate measurements are, unfortunately, not available at this time.
A systematic investigation of the thermoelectric stability of Pt–Rh thermocouples between 1300 °C and 1500 °C (2018)

By using a simple model to relate the electromotive force drift rate of Pt–Rh thermoelements to dS/dc, i.e. the sensitivity of the Seebeck coefficient, S, to rhodium mass fraction, c, the composition of the optimal pair of Pt–Rh wires that minimizes thermoelectric drift can be determined. The model has been applied to four multi-wire thermocouples each comprising 5 or 7 Pt–Rh wires of different composition. Two thermocouples were exposed to a temperature of around 1324 °C, one thermocouple to around 1492 °C, i.e. the melting points of the Co–C and Pd–C high temperature fixed points, respectively, and one thermocouple to a series of temperatures between 1315 °C and 1450 °C. The duration of exposure at each temperature was several thousand hours. By performing repeated calibrations in situ with the appropriate fixed point during the high temperature exposure, the drift performance has been quantified with high accuracy, entirely free from errors associated with thermoelectric homogeneity. By combining these results it is concluded that the Pt-40%Rh versus Pt-6%Rh is the most stable at the temperatures investigated. A preliminary reference function was determined and is presented.
Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) integration for low-power and high-speed signal generation (2015)

Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) integration combines silicon photonic devices with electro-optic organic cladding materials. We demonstrate that SOH modulators can be used to generate advanced modulation formats with high symbol rates at low operating voltages and low energy consumption. Moreover, we show that the SOH approach can be extended to plasmonic waveguide structures, leading to the plasmonic-organic hybrid (POH) concept.
Hierarchies of perovskite-like crystals (Review) (1997)

A system of mutual relationships (a hierarchy) is constructed between various perovskite-like crystal structures based on available structural data. All the perovskite-like structures are characterized by a common indicator of their relationship—the presence of layers, stacks, or frameworks made up of BX6 octahedra linked at their vertices (where B is a cation, X is an anion) or fragments of octahedra in the form of BX5 pyramids or BX4 squares in aniondeficient compounds. In layered structures, these stacks are joined to each other by various intermediate blocks. It is well known that one homological series of compounds is constructed by increasing the number of layers in a stack while preserving the same kind of connecting block. Crystals of various series that contain identical stacks (but different blocks of one or two types) can also be related to one another via this feature. The hierarchical system includes compounds with small distortions in their structures for various reasons.
Usage of Putative Chicken U6 Promoters for Vector-Based RNA Interference (2005)

Gene silencing with short interfering RNA (siRNA) expression vectors is a powerful method for the analysis of gene functions. For the expression of siRNA in mammalian cells, mammalian U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) promoters are widely used. However, the mammalian U6 promoter might not function well in other species. In this study, we cloned four putative chicken U6 promoters by PCR and analyzed their functions. First, we screened the chicken genomic database using the human U6 snRNA gene and identified four candidate sequences. The sequences contained some control elements in their promoter regions, but as we could not rule out that they were pseudogenes, we amplified these sequences and used them as promoters for short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression. Using the firefly luciferase (Luc) gene as a target, transient expression assays were performed with chicken ovary-derived cells. All four putative chicken U6 promoters exhibited suppressive activity toward Luc, and so could act as a promoter for expression of the snRNA gene in the chicken genome. The promoter activity was not as strong as that of a commercially available siRNA expression vector. This probably reflects artificial sequences between the promoters and synthetic DNA encoding shRNA.
An advanced MOS-IC process technology using local oxidation ot oxygen-doped polysilicon films (1978)

An O-POS (oxygen-doped polysilicon) film, deposited directly on silicon, is oxidized locally to create an active gate area. The electrical properties for the active gate area are the same as conventional p- and n-channel MOS devices, but the field area has an extremely high threshold voltage for both p- and n-type silicon substrates. The electrical properties in metal/oxidized O-POS/silicon and metal/oxide/O-POS/silicon structures have been investigated while varying the O-POS film thickness, oxygen concentration, local oxidation time, and silicon substrate resistivity. According to these basic studies, it is proposed that the high density of trapping centers existing in O-POS film is responsible for the high field threshold voltage. A applications of this process technology, a silicon-gate CMOS integrated circuit, and a high voltage n-channel MOS device are discussed.
Nutritional support for wound healing. (2003)

Healing of wounds, whether from accidental injury or surgical intervention, involves the activity of an intricate network of blood cells, tissue types, cytokines, and growth factors. This results in increased cellular activity, which causes an intensified metabolic demand for nutrients. Nutritional deficiencies can impede wound healing, and several nutritional factors required for wound repair may improve healing time and wound outcome. Vitamin A is required for epithelial and bone formation, cellular differentiation, and immune function. Vitamin C is necessary for collagen formation, proper immune function, and as a tissue antioxidant. Vitamin E is the major lipid-soluble antioxidant in the skin; however, the effect of vitamin E on surgical wounds is inconclusive. Bromelain reduces edema, bruising, pain, and healing time following trauma and surgical procedures. Glucosamine appears to be the rate-limiting substrate for hyaluronic acid production in the wound. Adequate dietary protein is absolutely essential for proper wound healing, and tissue levels of the amino acids arginine and glutamine may influence wound repair and immune function. The botanical medicines Centella asiatica and Aloe vera have been used for decades, both topically and internally, to enhance wound repair, and scientific studies are now beginning to validate efficacy and explore mechanisms of action for these botanicals. To promote wound healing in the shortest time possible, with minimal pain, discomfort, and scarring to the patient, it is important to explore nutritional and botanical influences on wound outcome.
On-Line Monitoring of Solutes in Dialysate Using Absorption of Ultraviolet Radiation: Technique Description (2002)

A technique for on-line monitoring of solutes in the spent dialysate utilising the UV-absorbance was developed. On-line monitoring during a single hemodialysis session exploiting UV-absorbance represents a possibility to follow a single hemodialysis session continuously and monitor deviations in dialysis efficiency (e.g. changes in blood flow and clearance). The UV-absorbance correlates well to the concentration of several solutes known to accumulate in dialysis patients indicating that the technique can be used to estimate the removal of retained substances.
Industrial Torque Measurement Using Magneto-Strictive Torquemeters (1967)

A magneto-strictive torque transducer comprises a length, of the order of 6 inches, of solid or hollow shaft of ferro-magnetic material equipped with magnetization and signal pickup windings. A variety of stationary and rotating coil systems can be employed, but all are characterized by a mutually perpendicular arrangement of the magnetization and pickup coils so that no voltage is induced in the latter by the alternating magnetizing current at no load. Torque diverts some of the flux to the pickup coils, the EMF thereby produced being a measure of the torque.
Room-Temperature Magnetic and Magneto-Optical Properties of Sr<sub>2</sub>FeMoO<sub>6</sub> Thin Films (2001)

Epitaxial thin films of a half-metallic ferromagnet Sr 2 FeMoO 6 have been grown on (001) SrTiO 3 , and MgO substrates by magnetron sputtering in Ar+H 2 mixture gas. Their structural, magnetic, magneto-optical and transport properties at room temperature were investigated and compared. Large difference has been observed especially in the magnetic and magneto-optical properties between thin films on SrTiO 3 and MgO. The films on SrTiO 3 exhibited stronger out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy and larger complex polar Kerr effect with a rotation θ k up to -0.32° at 1.6 eV and RT. The observed difference in the properties of the films on the two substrates can be interpreted in terms of the structural disorder.
Characteristics of a mesh-bias-controlled electron cyclotron resonance plasma for the growth of gallium nitride epitaxial films (1998)

Characteristics of mesh-bias-controlled electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma for the growth of gallium nitride (GaN) were investigated. Dependence on the mesh electrode bias of the plasma parameters such as electron temperature, electron density, and plasma space potential in the ECR plasma chamber and in the growth chamber was investigated using a Langmuir probe. The ion energy distribution function incident on the substrate surface was also investigated using a Faraday cup. Variation in the plasma parameters as a function of the position in the growth chamber was investigated. From the probe characteristics, the deactivation process of electrons in the growth chamber was clearly observed. From the crystal growth with the mesh electrode bias and substrate bias, it also became clear that the growth of zinc-blende GaN films was enhanced at the bias condition at which the number of electrons to the substrate surface was increased and the impinging ions were suppressed.
Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase Activity in <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> (2000)

Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain 110spc4 was capable of chemolithoautotrophic growth with carbon monoxide (CO) as a sole energy and carbon source under aerobic conditions. The enzyme carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH; EC 1.2.99.2) has been purified 21-fold, with a yield of 16% and a specific activity of 58 nmol of CO oxidized/min/mg of protein, by a procedure that involved differential ultracentrifugation, anion-exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and gel filtration. The purified enzyme gave a single protein and activity band on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and had a molecular mass of 230,000 Da. The 230-kDa enzyme was composed of large (L; 75-kDa), medium (M; 28.4-kDa), and small (S; 17.2-kDa) subunits occurring in heterohexameric (LMS)(2) subunit composition. The 75-kDa polypeptide exhibited immunological cross-reactivity with the large subunit of the CODH of Oligotropha carboxidovorans. The B. japonicum enzyme contained, per mole, 2.29 atoms of Mo, 7.96 atoms of Fe, 7.60 atoms of labile S, and 1.99 mol of flavin. Treatment of the enzyme with iodoacetamide yielded di(carboxamidomethyl)molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide, identifying molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide as the organic portion of the B. japonicum CODH molybdenum cofactor. The absorption spectrum of the purified enzyme was characteristic of a molybdenum-containing iron-sulfur flavoprotein.
FLEX decoder architecture,design and implementation (2001)

The principle,structure and implementation of such a FLEX Decoder are discussed from the viewpoint of ASIC design It has been succesfully tested and verified by a FPGA implementation
Expression of mRNAs for DNA methyltransferases and methyl‐CpG‐binding proteins in the human female germ line, preimplantation embryos, and embryonic stem cells (2004)

Recent evidence indicates that mammalian gametogenesis and preimplantation development may be adversely affected by both assisted reproductive and stem cell technologies. Thus, a better understanding of the developmental regulation of the underlying epigenetic processes that include DNA methylation is required. We have, therefore, monitored the expression, by PCR, of the mRNAs of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), methyl-CpG-binding domain proteins (MBDs), and CpG binding protein (CGBP) in a developmental series of amplified cDNA samples derived from staged human ovarian follicles, oocytes, preimplantation embryos, human embryonic stem (hES) cells and in similar murine cDNA samples. Transcripts of these genes were detected in human ovarian follicles (DNMT3A, DNMT3b1, DNMT3b4, DNMT1, MDBs1-4, MeCP2, CGBP), germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes (DNMT3A, DNMT3b1, DNMT1, MDBs1-4, MeCP2, CGBP), mature oocytes (DNMT3A, DNMT3b1, DNMT1, CGBP), and preimplantation embryos (DNMT3A, DNMT3b1, DNMT1, DNMT3L, MBD2, MDB4, CGBP). Differential expression of DNMT3B gene transcripts in undifferentiated (DNMT3b1) and in vitro differentiated human ES cells (DNMT3b3) further demonstrated an association of the DNMT3b1 transcript variant with totipotent and pluripotent human cells. Significantly, whilst the murine Dnmt3L gene is both expressed and essential for imprint establishment during murine oogenesis, transcripts of the human DNMT3L gene were only detected after fertilisation. Therefore, the mechanisms and/or the timing of imprint establishment may differ in humans.
Strain-promoted sydnone bicyclo-[6.1.0]-nonyne cycloaddition (2014)

The discovery and exploration of bioorthogonal chemical reactions and the biosynthetic incorporation of their components into biomolecules for specific labelling is an important challenge. Here we describe the reaction of a phenyl sydnone 1,3-dipole with a bicyclononyne dipolarophile. This strain-promoted reaction proceeds without transition metal catalysis in aqueous buffer, at physiological temperature, and pressure with a rate comparable to that of other bioorthogonal reactions. We demonstrate the quantitative and specific labelling of a genetically encoded bicyclononyne with a sydnone fluorophore conjugate, demonstrating the utility of this approach for bioorthogonal protein labelling.
Construction of a biological rhythm assessment scale for children (2018)

Introduction Biological rhythm is associated with the level of alertness, cognitive performance and mood of the individuals. Its regularity is essential to preserve good health and quality of life. Objective To present the steps for the construction of the scale entitled Biological Rhythm Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry - Kids (BRIAN-K), designed to measure biological rhythm disruptions in Brazilian children and adolescents. Methods Items were developed following the adult version of the scale. Analysis of the psychometric characteristics of the scale was based on the responses of 373 parents/caregivers of school age children (7 and 8 years old). Results A theoretical model of 17 items with the purpose of evaluating four domains (sleep, activities, social rhythm and eating pattern) was determined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and via identification of a general factor. The psychometric properties of the BRIAN-K showed favorable properties. Conclusion Only two items needed to be rewritten. Further studies are needed to investigate the instrument's adequacy to different age groups and additional evidence of validity and reliability.
IDENTIFICATION OF MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR THE MAJOR MILDEW RESISTANCE GENE Pl2 IN APPLE (1998)

This report describes the identification of PCR-based molecular markers linked to the Pl2 gene for resistance to mildew. The apple progeny 'Fiesta' x SA572/2, which segregates for mildew resistance, was used for phenotypic evaluation and mapping. Mildew scores taken in 1995 and 1996 at East Malling on mature trees in the field were in good agreement and 25 resistant and 36 susceptible individuals were selected for linkage analysis. With a combination of a conventional genome mapping approach and a bulked segregant analysis, six RAPD markers linked to Pl2 were identified and arranged in a common linkage group covering about 50 cM. The most promising markers for the marker-assisted selection of mildew resistant apple genotypes carrying the Pl2 gene from Matus zumi, are OP AT20-900 and UBC 227-850. A putative linkage between Pl2 and the Pl1 resistance from M. robusta is suggested, because two primers which produced markers linked to the Pl1 gene also generated markers linked to the Pl2 gene.
Polarization and optical logic (1986)

The design of an optical logic parallel processor is described. The central component is a Fabry-Perot cavity, filled with a nonlinear layer and a linear anisotropic layer, such as a sheet of mica. The two logic states are represented by two orthogonal states of the polarization of the light beam. Polarization logic, compared with on/off logic (bright or dark), requires less power, generates less heat, and is better suited for cascading.
DEUTERIUM ISOTOPE EFFECTS ON DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS AND FORMATION CONSTANTS<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDEUTERIUM ISOTOPE EFFECTS ON DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS AND FORMATION CONSTANTS1Norman C. Li, Philomena Tang, and Raj MathurCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1961, 65, 6, 1074–1076Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100824a521https://doi.org/10.1021/j100824a521research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Topical anesthesia (2015)

Topical anesthetics are being widely used in numerous medical and surgical sub-specialties such as anesthesia, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, dentistry, urology, and aesthetic surgery. They cause superficial loss of pain sensation after direct application. Their delivery and effectiveness can be enhanced by using free bases; by increasing the drug concentration, lowering the melting point; by using physical and chemical permeation enhancers and lipid delivery vesicles. Various topical anesthetic agents available for use are eutectic mixture of local anesthetics, ELA-max, lidocaine, epinephrine, tetracaine, bupivanor, 4% tetracaine, benzocaine, proparacaine, Betacaine-LA, topicaine, lidoderm, S-caine patch™ and local anesthetic peel. While using them, careful attention must be paid to their pharmacology, area and duration of application, age and weight of the patients and possible side-effects.