gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Regression Test for Exponentiality: Censored and Complete Samples (1983)

Two new tests for the two-parameter exponential distribution are presented. The test statistics can be used with doubly censored samples, are easy to compute, need no special constants, and have high power compared with several competing tests. The first test statistic is sensitive to monotone hazard functions, and its percentage points can be closely approximated by the standard normal distribution. The second test statistic is sensitive to nonmonotone hazard functions. The chi-squared (2 degrees of freedom) distribution can be used as an approximation to the distribution of this statistic for moderate and large sample sizes. Monte Carlo power estimates and an example are given.
Infliximab trough levels may predict sustained response to infliximab in patients with Crohn's disease (2012)

During a median follow up of 2 years sustained response to infliximab was observed in slightly more than half of CD patients. Infliximab TL>3μg/ml at the start of maintenance regime were predicative of sustained response to infliximab.
An<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-Hiding Revocable Group Signature Scheme: Group Signatures with the Property of Hiding the Number of Revoked Users (2014)

If there are many displaced workers in a company, then a person who goes for job hunting might not select this company. That is, the number of members who quit is quite negative information. Similarly, in revocable group signature schemes, if one knows (or guesses) the number of revoked users (say<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>), then one may guess the reason behind such circumstances, and it may lead to harmful rumors. However, no previous revocation procedure can achieve hiding<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>. In this paper, we propose the first revocable group signature scheme, where<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>is kept hidden, which we call<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-hiding revocable group signature. To handle this property, we newly define the security notion called anonymity with respect to the revocation which guarantees the unlinkability of revoked users.
Web article extraction for web printing (2009)

This work studies the problem of extracting articles from Web pages for better printing. Different from existing approaches of article extraction, Web printing poses several unique requirements: 1) Identifying just the boundary surrounding the text-body is not the ideal solution for article extraction. It is highly desirable to filter out some uninformative links and advertisements within this boundary. 2) It is necessary to identify paragraphs, which may not be readily separated as DOM nodes, for the purpose of better layout of the article. 3) Its performance should be independent of content domains, written languages, and Web page templates. Toward these goals we propose a novel method of article extraction using both DOM (Document Object Model) and visual features. The main components of our method include: 1) a text segment/paragraph identification algorithm based on line-breaking features, 2) a global optimization method, Maximum Scoring Subsequence, based on text segments for identifying the boundary of the article body, 3) an outlier elimination step based on left or right alignment of text segments with the article body. Our experiments showed the proposed method is effective in terms of precision and recall at the level of text segments.
Mechanical Fastener Selection (2001)

Abstract This article focuses on the factors to be considered for selecting fasteners for joining carbon fiber composites. These considerations include corrosion compatibility, fastener materials, strength, stiffness, head configurations, importance of clamp-up, hole fit, and lightning protection.
Amplifying side channels through performance degradation (2016)

Interference between processes executing on shared hardware can be used to mount performance-degradation attacks. However, in most cases, such attacks offer little benefit for the adversary. In this paper, we demonstrate that software-based performancedegradation attacks can be used to amplify side-channel leaks, enabling the adversary to increase both the amount and the quality of information captured.
On factorization of a subclass of 2-D digital FIR lossless matrices for 2-D QMF bank applications (1990)

The role of one-dimensional (1-D) digital finite impulse response (FIR) lossless matrices in the design of FIR perfect reconstruction quadrature mirror filter (QMF) banks has been explored previously. Structures which can realize the complete family of FIR lossless transfer matrices, have also been developed, with QMF application in mind. For the case of 2-D QMF banks, the same concept of lossless polyphase matrix has been used to obtain perfect reconstruction. However, the problem of finding a structure to cover all 2-D FIR lossless matrices of a given degree has not been solved. Progress in this direction is reported. A structure which completely covers a well-defined subclass of 2-D digital FIR lossless matrices is obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhancement-mode AlGaN/GaN FinFETs with high on/off performance in 100 nm gate length (2016)

This paper reports on the design and fabrication of enhancement-mode high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) in AlGaN/GaN FinFET technology with 100 nm of gate length (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> = 100 nm). Provided by the lateral as well as the vertical modulation of the fin-shaped channels, the threshold voltages of the designed transistors are made possible to be shifted toward the positive direction, enabling the enhancement-mode (E-mode) of operation. The fabricated FinFETs also exhibit highly-improved off-state performance with minimised short-channel effects (SCE) as a result of the enhanced gate control. A very high on/off current ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> and a sub-threshold swing of 75 mV/decade are recorded by the E-mode devices with a threshold voltage of +0.2 V, showing substantial potential for high speed logic, mixed-signal and power electronics applications.
The Secretion of Fluid by Renal Cysts from Patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (1993)

Renal cysts from patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease can secrete fluid, and net fluid secretion can be increased by unidentified secretagogues in the cyst fluid. These results suggest that the process of cyst enlargement may be susceptible to pharmacologic intervention.
Improvement of Silicon Nanotweezers Sensitivity for Mechanical Characterization of Biomolecules Using Closed-Loop Control (2014)

In this paper, we show that closed-loop control can be advantageously used for the characterization of mechanical properties of biomolecules using silicon nanotweezers (SNT). SNT have already been used in open-loop mode for the characterization of mechanical properties of DNA molecules. Up to now, such an approach allows the detection of stiffness variations equivalent to about 15 DNA molecules. Here, it is shown that this resolution is inversely proportional to the resonance frequency of the whole system and that real-time feedback control with state observer can drastically improve the performances of the tweezers used as biosensors. Such improvement is experimentally validated in the case of the manipulation of fibronectin molecules. The results are promising for the accurate characterization of biopolymers such as DNA molecules.
Metastatic Recurrence in a Pancreatic Cancer Patient Derived Orthotopic Xenograft (PDOX) Nude Mouse Model Is Inhibited by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Combination with Fluorescence-Guided Surgery with an Anti-CA 19-9-Conjugated Fluorophore (2014)

The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with gemcitabine (GEM) in combination with fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) on a pancreatic cancer patient derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model. A PDOX model was established from a CA19-9-positive, CEA-negative tumor from a patient who had undergone a pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Mice were randomized to 4 groups: bright light surgery (BLS) only; BLS+NAC; FGS only; and FGS+NAC. An anti-CA19-9 or anti-CEA antibody conjugated to DyLight 650 was administered intravenously via the tail vein of mice with the pancreatic cancer PDOX 24 hours before surgery. The PDOX was brightly labeled with fluorophore-conjugated anti-CA19-9, but not with a fluorophore-conjugated anti-CEA antibody. FGS was performed using the fluorophore-conjugated anti-CA19-9 antibody. FGS had no benefit over BLS to prevent metastatic recurrence. NAC in combination with BLS did not convey an advantage over BLS to prevent metastatic recurrence. However, FGS+NAC significantly reduced the metastatic recurrence frequency to one of 8 mice, compared to FGS only after which metastasis recurred in 6 out of 8 mice, and BLS+NAC with metastatic recurrence in 7 out of 8 mice (p = 0.041). Thus NAC in combination with FGS can reduce or even eliminate metastatic recurrence of pancreatic cancer sensitive to NAC. The present study further emphasizes the power of the PDOX model which enables metastasis to occur and thereby identify the efficacy of NAC in combination with FGS on metastatic recurrence.
Reference Values for Dynamic Calibration of PMUs (2008)

This paper discusses measurements of the dynamic performance of electric power phaser measurement units, PMUs, and their relation to the requirements of the IEEE synchrophasor standard C37.118-2005. In particular, it proposes a new method for monitoring the dynamic power signals that change in amplitude and frequency during the testing of PMUs. The new method estimates the reference values for dynamic power signals so they can be compared with the PMU values to determine the PMU's errors. This requires estimating the "true" timestamped values of dynamic power signals with low uncertainty. The paper also discusses the issue of aliasing of sampled dynamic signals, and the relationship between the requirement in the standard to reject an out of band or interharmonic signal and dynamic signal performance.
Functional role of BK virus tumor antigens in transformation (1988)

We have examined the role of the human papovavirus BK virus (BKV) tumor (T) antigen(s) in the maintenance of transformation and have identified the domain of T antigen essential for transformation. BKV-transformed BHK 21 and NIH 3T3 cells expressing antisense T-antigen RNA lose their ability to grow in soft agar, indicating the need for the continued expression of T antigen for the maintenance of the transformed phenotype. Experiments using translation termination linker insertion and deletion mutagenesis of BKV T antigen demonstrate that amino acids 356 to 384 are essential for transformation. Although BKV T antigen shares 100, 95, and 82% amino acid homology with that of simian virus 40 (SV40) for the nuclear localization signal, p53-binding domain, and DNA-binding domain, respectively, the transformation domains of BKV and SV40 T antigens share only 54% homology. Also, BKV T antigen lacks a substantial portion of the ATPase domain of SV40, and our results indicate the dispensability of the remaining portion for transformation by this protein. We suggest that the differences in the amino acids in the identified transformation domains together with the differences in the ATPase domains may account for the differences in the transformation potentials of the two proteins.
Femtosecond carrier dynamics and modelocking in monolithic CPM lasers (1996)

Femtosecond pump-probe measurements of the dynamics in both forward- and reverse-biased semiconductor optical waveguides are presented. Slow (nanosecond) as well as ultrafast (femtosecond) dynamics are observed in both kinds of structures. These measurements imply that the "slow saturable absorber" theory of modelocking in monolithic CPM devices is incomplete.
Insulin receptors internalize by a rapid, saturable pathway requiring receptor autophosphorylation and an intact juxtamembrane region. (1991)

The effect of receptor occupancy on insulin receptor endocytosis was examined in CHO cells expressing normal human insulin receptors (CHO/IR), autophosphorylation- and internalization-deficient receptors (CHO/IRA1018), and receptors which undergo autophosphorylation but lack a sequence required for internalization (CHO/IR delta 960). The rate of [125I]insulin internalization in CHO/IR cells at 37 degrees C was rapid at physiological concentrations, but decreased markedly in the presence of increasing unlabeled insulin (ED50 = 1-3 nM insulin, or 75,000 occupied receptors/cell). In contrast, [125I]insulin internalization by CHO/IRA1018 and CHO/IR delta 960 cells was slow and was not inhibited by unlabeled insulin. At saturating insulin concentrations, the rate of internalization by wild-type and mutant receptors was similar. Moreover, depletion of intracellular potassium, which has been shown to disrupt coated pit formation, inhibited the rapid internalization of [125I]insulin at physiological insulin concentrations by CHO/IR cells, but had little or no effect on [125I]insulin uptake by CHO/IR delta 960 and CHO/IRA1018 cells or wild-type cells at high insulin concentrations. These data suggest that the insulin-stimulated entry of the insulin receptor into a rapid, coated pit-mediated internalization pathway is saturable and requires receptor autophosphorylation and an intact juxtamembrane region. Furthermore, CHO cells also contain a constitutive nonsaturable pathway which does not require receptor autophosphorylation or an intact juxtamembrane region; this second pathway is unaffected by depletion of intracellular potassium, and therefore may be independent of coated pits. Our data suggest that the ligand-stimulated internalization of the insulin receptor may require specific saturable interactions between the receptor and components of the endocytic system.
Graphical displays for assessing covariate balance in matching studies (2014)

Given the limitations of numerical diagnostics, we advocate using graphical displays for assessing covariate balance and encourage investigators to provide such graphs when reporting balance statistics in their matching studies.
Identification of a Series of 3-(Benzyloxy)-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane Human NK1 Antagonists (1995)

The synthesis and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a series of 3-(benzyloxy)-1-azabicyclo-[2.2.2]octane NK1 antagonists are described. While a number of 3,5-disubstituted benzyl ethers afford high affinity, the 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl was found to combine high in vitro affinity with good oral activity. Detailed structure-activity relationship studies in conjunction with data from molecular modeling and mutagenesis work have allowed the construction of a model of the pharmacophore. Specific interactions that have been identified include an interaction between His-197 and one of the rings of the benzhydryl, a lipophilic pocket containing His-265 that the benzyl ether occupies, and a possible hydrogen bond between Gln-165 and the oxygen of the benzyl ether.
Improvement of a flexible sensor with pressure sensitive rubber - In respect of the conformation to the occlusal surface of the teeth. (1995)

咬合面に形態的に適合し, 咬合力を分布として測定可能な咬合圧センサを作製した.感圧素子としての感圧導電ゴムは物性として柔軟であり, 複雑な形態に適合可能であるという利点を有する.そこで, この利点を活かすためにセンサを構成する電極に改良を加えた.すなわち, コイル状の伸縮可能な導線を電極として用い, 感圧導電ゴムのもつ形態的な自由度を規制しないようにした.ついで, 本センサを用い基礎的検討及び臨床応用を行った.基礎的検討としては, 剛体である金属球をセンサ表面に押し込んだ際のセンサの変形表面形状と金属球の既知表面形状との比較試験を行った.また, 各測定点から出力される値が隣接する測定点における圧力の影響を受けることがないかどうか, すなわち, 出力値の独立性について調べた.その結果, センサの表面は金属球の表面形状にほぼ近似した変形を示し, 形態適合性は良好であった.また, 各測定点からの出力値の独立性も良好であった.また, 臨床応用として大臼歯部の咬合力を測定したところ, 時間の経過に伴う咬合力の推移を分布荷重をして捉えることができた.
Updator-shared adaptive parallel equalization (U-SHAPE) using set-membership identification (2002)

Earlier research has shown that the use of set-membership identification (SMI) in adaptive equalization of multipath fading channels results in bit error rate performance comparable to that obtained using the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm while not requiring to update the equalizer parameters at every instant of time. The discerning update strategy of the SMI methodology is exploited in this paper to develop a scheme, referred to here as U-SHAPE, which shares the processors that update equalizer tap coefficients, resulting in a significant reduction in the hardware requirements of a multiaccess channel equalizer.
Flow rates of polymer solutions through porous disks as a function of solute. II. Thickness and structure of adsorbed polymer films (1966)

Abstract The thickness of films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), and polystyrene (PS) adsorbed on Pyrex glass was studied by measuring the flow rates of polymer solutions and the corresponding pure solvents through sintered filter disks. Adsorption isotherms were in agreement with those reported by other workers and showed saturation adsorption equivalent to 2–8 condensed monolayers of monomer units. Film thicknesses were of the order of magnitude of the free coil diameters in solution and were directly proportional to the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer, except for PS in benzene where the thicknesses leveled off as molecular weight increased. It was concluded that polymers adsorb from solution in monolayers of compressed or interpenetrating coils; that below some critical molecular weight which varies with polymer and solvent, a much larger fraction of the segments lies directly in the interface; that adsorbed films may consist of a dense layer immediately adjacent to the surface and a deep layer of loops extending into the solvent; and that it is the segment—solvent interaction rather than the segment—surface interaction which dominates the conformation of the adsorbed chain.
Androgen receptor agonists increase lean mass, improve cardiopulmonary functions and extend survival in preclinical models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2017)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease that predominantly affects boys as a result of mutation(s) in the dystrophin gene. DMD is characterized by musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary complications, resulting in shorter life-span. Boys afflicted by DMD typically exhibit symptoms within 3-5 years of age and declining physical functions before attaining puberty. We hypothesized that rapidly deteriorating health of pre-pubertal boys with DMD could be due to diminished anabolic actions of androgens in muscle, and that intervention with an androgen receptor (AR) agonist will reverse musculoskeletal complications and extend survival. While castration of dystrophin and utrophin double mutant (mdx-dm) mice to mimic pre-pubertal nadir androgen condition resulted in premature death, maintenance of androgen levels extended the survival. Non-steroidal selective-AR modulator, GTx-026, which selectively builds muscle and bone was tested in X-linked muscular dystrophy mice (mdx). GTx-026 significantly increased body weight, lean mass and grip strength by 60-80% over vehicle-treated mdx mice. While vehicle-treated castrated mdx mice exhibited cardiopulmonary impairment and fibrosis of heart and lungs, GTx-026 returned cardiopulmonary function and intensity of fibrosis to healthy control levels. GTx-026 elicits its musculoskeletal effects through pathways that are distinct from dystrophin-regulated pathways, making AR agonists ideal candidates for combination approaches. While castration of mdx-dm mice resulted in weaker muscle and shorter survival, GTx-026 treatment increased the muscle mass, function and survival, indicating that androgens are important for extended survival. These preclinical results support the importance of androgens and the need for intervention with AR agonists to treat DMD-affected boys.
Effect of cerulenin on Streptococcus faecalis macromolecular synthesis and cell division (1978)

The antibiotic cerulenin has been used to study macromolecular synthesis and cell division in Streptococcus faecalis. The data suggest that lipid and lipoteichoic acid synthesis as well as cell number increase are affected prior to any observable effects on overall mass increase or DNA, RNA, protein, or peptidoglycan synthesis. Treatment with cerulenin of cultures growing at various rates and analysis of the subsequent cell divisions indicate that the antibiotic may block a cell cycle event that precedes the completion of chromosome replication by about 10 min.
Immolation of <i>p</i>-Aminobenzyl Ether Linker and Payload Potency and Stability Determine the Cell-Killing Activity of Antibody–Drug Conjugates with Phenol-Containing Payloads (2018)

The valine-citrulline (Val-Cit) dipeptide and p-aminobenzyl (PAB) spacer have been commonly used as a cleavable self-immolating linker in ADC design including in the clinically approved ADC, brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris). When the same linker was used to connect to the phenol of the cyclopropabenzindolone (CBI) (P1), the resulting ADC1 showed loss of potency in CD22 target-expressing cancer cell lines (e.g., BJAB, WSU-DLCL2). In comparison, the conjugate (ADC2) of a cyclopropapyrroloindolone (CPI) (P2) was potent despite the two corresponding free drugs having similar picomolar cell-killing activity. Although the corresponding spirocyclization products of P1 and P2, responsible for DNA alkylation, are a prominent component in buffer, the linker immolation was slow when the PAB was connected as an ether (PABE) to the phenol in P1 compared to that in P2. Additional immolation studies with two other PABE-linked substituted phenol compounds showed that electron-withdrawing groups accelerated the immolation to release an acidic phenol-containing payload (to delocalize the negative charge on the anticipated anionic phenol oxygen during immolation). In contrast, efficient immolation of LD4 did not result in an active ADC4 because the payload (P4) had a low potency to kill cells. In addition, nonimmolation of LD5 did not affect the cell-killing potency of its ADC5 since immolation is not required for DNA alkylation by the center-linked pyrrolobenzodiazepine. Therefore, careful evaluation needs to be conducted when the Val-Cit-PAB linker is used to connect antibodies to a phenol-containing drug as the linker immolation, as well as payload potency and stability, affects the cell-killing activity of an ADC.