gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Issue of Legalizing Illicit Drugs (1990)

Biodiversity-friendly coffee certifications offer a viable way to protect wildlife habitat while providing a financial incentive to farmers. Most studies related to these certifications focus on avian habitat requirements and it is not known whether these standards also apply to other wildlife, such as mammals, that inhabit the coffee landscapes. We assessed the non-volant mammalian fauna and their associated habitat requirements in 23 sites representing forest, Bird Friendly® shade, conventional shade, and sun coffee habitats. We used Sherman trap-grids to measure small mammal abundance and richness, while camera traps were set for medium-sized and large mammals. We detected 17 species of mammals, representing 11 families. This preliminary study indicates that coffee farms in this region provide an important refuge for mammalian wildlife. Mammal species density ranked significantly higher in Bird Friendly® coffee sites than other coffee habitats, although there was no significant difference for species richness (using Chao2 estimator) among the habitat types. No significant difference was found in small mammal abundance among the habitat types. We found a higher species density of medium and large mammals in sites with larger, more mature shade trees associated with, but not required by Bird Friendly® certification standards. However, lower strata vegetation (5 cm to 1 m tall), the only vegetation parameter found to increase abundance and density for small mammals, is not specified in the Bird Friendly® standards. Our findings suggest that although the standards devised for avian habitat do benefit mammals, further study is needed on the requirements specific for mammals that could be included to enhance the coffee habitat for mammals that inhabit these coffee landscapes.
Computed tomography of the body with magnetic resonance imaging (1992)

Critically acclaimed reference on CT scanning techniques of the thorax and neck. Completely updated and expanded to include magnetic resonance imaging. Coverage includes basic anatomy, specific imaging techniques, descriptions and illustrations of the CT and MRI features of all pertinent disease entities, and a comparison of the relative merits of CT and MRI for diagnostic imaging of each organ and body part.
Nanoelectrospray ion generation for high-throughput mass spectrometry using a micromachined ultrasonic ejector array (2005)

Ultrasonic electrospray ionization (ESI) for high-throughput mass spectrometry is demonstrated using a silicon micromachined microarray. The device uses a micromachined ultrasonic atomizer operating in the 900kHz–2.5MHz range for droplet generation and a metal electrode in the fluid cavity for ionization. Since the atomization and ionization processes are separated, the ultrasonic ESI source shows the potential for operation at low voltages with a wide range of solvents in contrast with conventional capillary ESI technology. This is demonstrated using the ultrasonic ESI microarray to obtain the mass spectrum of a 10μM reserpine sample on a time of flight mass spectrometer with 197:1 signal-to-noise ratio at an ionization potential of 200V.
Solid-state supercapacitors for electronic device applications (2005)

We report an all-solid-state supercapacitor with device fabrication by a simple vacuum thermal evaporation method, which allows not only a multilayer stacking structure to further enhance the capacitance, but also permits the supercapacitor to be easily incorporated with other electronic devices, showing interesting characteristics for both fundamental study and practical applications. Discussions about the mechanism of the supercapacitor is given.
Infection Prevention and Control (Fact Sheet) (2012)

Health care workers are potentially at risk from exposure to infections in the workplace. Employers have a responsibility to control hazards in the workplace.
Convergence Statements for Projection Type Linear Iterative Methods with Relaxations (1990)

To determine solutions or generalized solutions of the linear operator equation Ax = b linear iterative methods of the form x_{n+1} = (I – D_n) x_n + D_n b are considered for which the operators T_n = I – D_nA are norm-reducing outside their fixed point set. Conditions are given which guarantee the convergence of the methods and certain properties of the limit elements.
Heteropoly Acids and Related Compounds as Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis (1995)

Abstract Catalysis by heteropoly acids (HPAs) and related compounds is a field of growing importance, attracting increasing attention worldwide, in which many new and exciting developments are taking place in both research and technology [1–111, HPAs are polyoxometalates incorporating anions (heteropolyanions) having metal-oxygen octahedra as the basic structural units [ll-141. Among a wide variety of HPAs those belonging to the so-called Keggin series are the most importance for catalysis. They include heteropolyanions (HPANs)
Growth and characterization of chromium oxide thin films prepared by reactive ac magnetron sputtering (2006)

Cr O x thin films were prepared on single crystal silicon (111 orientation) and glass substrates by midfrequency (41kHz) ac sputtering technique in an Isoflux ICM-10 sputter deposition system consisting of two hollow cylindrical targets of Cr in an argon-oxygen plasma at a discharge power of 5kW and without any deliberate substrate heating. X-ray diffraction studies showed that the coatings were of hcp rhombohedral α-phase chromium oxide. CrOx coating samples were found to grow preferentially towards the (110) crystal orientation of α-Cr2O3. Texturing was found to depend on the orientation of the substrates relative to the targets and also on the nature of substrates. One coating sample grown on Si substrate was annealed in air up to 1173K. Whereas heat treatment increased the crystallite size, CrOx coating was thermally stable and did not show any structural transformations. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed differences in the surface morphology of the coatings grown on glass and silicon substrates. Dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements performed on one CrOx coating deposited on silicon showed that the O∕Cr ratio in the films was 1.38. Ar and H impurity concentrations were also measured in this coating as a function of film thickness. Alumina coatings were prepared on Si substrates by reactive sputtering technique using CrOx coating as template layers. X-ray diffraction studies showed that CrOx template layers improved the crystallinity of alumina coatings grown on top of it and also facilitated the formation of the thermodynamically stable α-alumina phase.
Electroosmotically Enhanced Sludge Pressure Filtration (1999)

Wastewater sludge is routinely dewatered to lower the cost of transportation and disposal. Dewatering is achieved via vacuum filtration, centrifugation, sand beds, and belt filter presses. Electroosmosis, the movement of water in the influence of a direct‐current (dc) electric field, has been used since the 1930s to dewater soil for construction purposes. This study examines dewatering anaerobically and aerobically digested municipal wastewater solids with applied direct pressure and constant voltage direct current. A pressure filtration apparatus, consisting of a piston and drain plate made of conductive material encased in a body of nonconductive material, was used to apply constant pressure and constant voltage (variable current) during the experiments. Three experimental series were conducted evaluating the effect of polymer dosage and voltage on the final cake total solids; the relationship among pressure, voltage, time, and final cake total solids; and the relationship among initial feed solids and final cake total solids after electroosmotic filtration. Results show that final cake solids were increased to as much as 50% with 60 V dc applied. Final cake solids may be enhanced by increasing pressure, voltage, or time, and additional water may be removed from a conventionally dewatered cake by further application of dc voltage.
Tunable Multicolor Emission in Oligo(4-hydroxyquinoline) (2012)

The results on the chemical oxidative polymerization of 4-hydroxyquinoline (HQ) are reported. The treatment of HQ with ammonium peroxydisulphate in an acidic aqueous medium afforded a conjugated quinoline oligomer (OHQ). The spectral analysis results suggested that the polymerization of HQ occurred mainly at C3 and C8 positions. The obtained oligomer exhibited an uncommon multicolor emission behavior. Although a wide range of emission colors by using various conjugated oligomer/polymers has been reported in literature many times, quinoline oligomer reported here emitted multicolor when irradiated at different wavelengths. Moreover, a linear relationship was observed between the excitation energy and emission maxima obtained (λEm = −108.82EEx = +819.07, R2 = 0.986). This allows us to effectively tune the photoluminescence colors between blue and orange-red.
Evidence of a Pressure-Induced Metallization Process in Monoclinic<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>VO</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2007)

Raman and combined infrared transmission and reflectivity measurements were carried out at room temperature (RT) on monoclinic VO2 over the 0-19 GPa and 0-14 GPa pressure ranges. Both lattice dynamics and optical gap show a remarkable stability up to P* approximately 10 GPa whereas subtle modifications of V ion arrangements within the monoclinic lattice, together with the onset of a metallization process via band gap filling, are observed for P >P*. Differently from P=0, where the VO2 metallic phase is found only in conjunction with the rutile structure above 340 K, a new RT metallic phase within a monoclinic structure appears accessible in the high pressure regime.
Illumination Processing in Face Recognition (2010)

Driven by the demanding of public security, face recognition has emerged as a viable solution and achieved comparable accuracies to fingerprint system under controlled lightning environment. In recent years, with wide installing of camera in open area, the automatic face recognition in watch-list application is facing a serious problem. Under the open environment, lightning changes is unpredictable, and the performance of face recognition degrades seriously. Illumination processing is a necessary step for face recognition to be useful in the uncontrolled environment. NIST has started a test called FRGC to boost the research in improving the performance under changing illumination. In this chapter, we will focus on the research effort made in this direction and the influence on face recognition caused by illumination. First of all, we will discuss the quest on the image formation mechanism under various illumination situations, and the corresponding mathematical modelling. The Lambertian lighting model, bilinear illuminating model and some recent model are reviewed. Secondly, under different state of face, like various head pose and different facial expression, how illumination influences the recognition result, where the different pose and illuminating will be examined carefully. Thirdly, the current methods researcher employ to counter the change of illumination to maintain good performance on face recognition are assessed briefly. The processing technique in video and how it will improve face recognition on video, where And finally, the current state-of-art of illumination processing and its future trends will be discussed.
Synthesized CAD Methods for Combat Vehicle Survivability Analysis (1990)

Abstract : To support its Army role in Vulnerability/Lethality analysis, the Ballistic Research Laboratory (BRL) has developed a suite of computer tools called (BRL-CAD) to assist in the generation, validation and interrogation of military geometry. Originally targeted to the support of vulnerability and nuclear survivability codes, these methods now also support many signature models, including some developed at TACOM/Keweenaw Research Center, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM), Georgia Tech Research Institute, Northrop, and others. In this paper, the use of these tools is demonstrated. An Armored Fighting Vehicle (AFV) of the class being considered in the Armored Systems Modernization (ASM) program is used to show (1) how the input geometry is generated and (2) how various analysis codes are utilized in order to understand some of the performance issues affecting survivability. A candidate AFV is molded geometrically and various images are generated to check the design. An estimate of system weight is performed. Next a series of ballistic vulnerability and signature computations are applied to the design, demonstrating the kinds of metrics which can be derived in an analysis cycle.
Mannitol production in fungi during glucose catabolism (1976)

The levels of phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) and mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.17) have been determined in a number of Mucor and Penicillium species. Mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase was found in only one species of mucor, Mucor rouxii, and this with a specific activity much lower than that found in Penicillium species. All of the fungi tested in the Ascomycetes class exhibited mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Interference from both mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADH oxidase (EC 1.6.99.5) caused some difficulty initially in detecting phosphofructokinase in Penicillium species; the Penicillium phosphofructokinase is very unstable. Penicillium notatum accumulates mannitol intracellularly; detection of mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase and mannitol-1-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.22) activity in cell-free extracts indicates that the mannitol is formed from glucose via fructose-6-phosphate and mannitol-1-phosphate; no direct reduction of fructose to mannitol could be detected. The mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase was specific for mannitol-1-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate; NADP+(H) could not replace NAD+(H). The phosphatase (EC3.1.3.22) exhibited a distinct preference for mannitol-1-phosphate as substrate; all other substrates tested exhibited less than 25% of the activity observed with mannitol-1-phosphate.
Morphology of TiO2 Aerogels. 2. Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMorphology of TiO2 Aerogels. 2. Small-Angle Neutron ScatteringZhu Zhu, Min Lin, Geula Dagan, and Micha TomkiewiczCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 43, 15950–15954Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100043a038https://doi.org/10.1021/j100043a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Enhanced BGP Capabilities for Exchanging Second-Best Paths (2008)

This Internet Draft describes an enhanced format for encoding prefix
information, to permit multiple copies of a prefix with different
paths to be announced and withdrawn. Prefix instances using the new
format include both unique identifiers, and ordinals to control path
selection. Withdrawal of prefixes requires a slight modification to
disambiguate prefix instances.
High density recording FeTaN laminated hard disk heads (1993)

Laminated hard disk heads with FeTaN films, which have high saturation magnetic flux density of 16 kG, have been developed for high density magnetic recording. Here, read/write characteristics for FeTaN heads are evaluated and compared with the value for Sendust laminated heads. The FeTaN heads have better overwrite characteristics by 10 dB than Sendust heads. Even for 2400 Oe high coercivity media, the overwrite value is -32 dB. Output voltage for the FeTaN head is at least 1.2 times higher than that for a Sendust head. Popcorn noise and wiggle noise are low enough for practical use. FeTaN heads are shown to have a great potential to achieve high areal density recording.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Target selection by similarity preserve hash in distributed system for geographical origin identification of vegetables (2006)

Recently, camouflaging geographical origin of agricultural products is a major problem in Japan. Now we are developing a distributed system which identifies geographical origin of vegetables by analyzing, accumulating and comparing trace element compositions of vegetables. This system stores compositions of trace, or very small quantities of elements into database which located on farming districts, and compares them to trace element compositions of vegetables which gathered from distribution channel such as markets, food factories. Objective of this system is verifying geographical origin information by food traceability system and deter camouflaging geographical origin. However, in this system, all sites in farming districts must be searched to identify geographical origin. In this paper, we describe a method to reduce the number of targets to identify geographical origin using similarity preserve hash (SPH).
A 3-Transistor DRAM Cell with Gated Diode for Enhanced Speed and Retention Time (2006)

3T1D is a non-destructive read DRAM cell with three transistors (T) and a gated diode (D). The gated diode acts as a storage device and an amplifier, leading to low voltage, high speed and high tolerance to variability, and comparing favorably to conventional 3T gain cell and 6T SRAM cell. Hardware measurements in 90 nm SOI showed the 3T1D achieved longer retention than the 3T. Retention, speed and scaling perspectives for future technology are presented
Effect of Heat Treatments on Mechanical Properties and Fatigue Resistance of Ti-35Nb Alloy Used as Biomaterial (2010)

Titanium alloys form the most versatile class of metallic materials used as biomaterials. Among them it is foreseen that the  type titanium alloy will be a prominent one for orthopedic applications. Aim of the present work was to prepare and characterize a  type titanium alloy containing 35 wt.% Nb. Samples were cooled from the  phase temperatures at different rates. This work includes the effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness, tensile and fatigue properties in air at room temperature. The results showed that microstructure of slow cooled samples are formed by precipitates of  and  phases in a  matrix. After rapid cooling, the microstructure consists of  phase and ” martensite. Mechanical testing showed that the elastic modulus and Vickers hardness of slow cooled samples were significantly higher than that obtained by rapid cooling. On the other hand, it was observed that slow cooled samples showed higher tensile strength and lower ductility. The rapid cooled sample showed fatigue resistance higher than that of slow cooled samples.
Diversity and roles of (t)RNA ligases (2012)

The discovery of discontiguous tRNA genes triggered studies dissecting the process of tRNA splicing. As a result, we have gained detailed mechanistic knowledge on enzymatic removal of tRNA introns catalyzed by endonuclease and ligase proteins. In addition to the elucidation of tRNA processing, these studies facilitated the discovery of additional functions of RNA ligases such as RNA repair and non-conventional mRNA splicing events. Recently, the identification of a new type of RNA ligases in bacteria, archaea, and humans closed a long-standing gap in the field of tRNA processing. This review summarizes past and recent findings in the field of tRNA splicing with a focus on RNA ligation as it preferentially occurs in archaea and humans. In addition to providing an integrated view of the types and phyletic distribution of RNA ligase proteins known to date, this survey also aims at highlighting known and potential accessory biological functions of RNA ligases.
The Control of Blood Pressure in the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit (1993)

Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94122
Using Fluorescent Sphingolipid Analogs to Study Intracellular Lipid Trafficking (2007)

Abstract Sphingolipids (SLs), including glycosphingolipids, are found on the plasma membrane where they play important roles in a wide variety of cell functions, including cell‐cell communication, cell growth and differentiation, host‐pathogen interactions, and cell‐signaling events. This unit illustrates the use of fluorescent SL analogs to identify the mechanisms underlying SL endocytosis and subsequent intracellular trafficking. Techniques used to study SL domain formation at the plasma membrane, endocytic mechanisms and intracellular transport steps are highlighted. The use of biochemical treatments and dominant‐negative protein expression to block specific steps in lipid trafficking are also discussed.
A double-blind, randomized study to compare recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH; Gonal-F®) with highly purified urinary FSH (Metrodin® HP) in women undergoing assisted reproductive techniques including intracytoplasmic sperm injection (2000)

This prospective, double-blind, randomized, multicentre study compared the efficacy and safety of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone (r-hFSH; Gonal-F((R))) versus highly purified urinary FSH (u-hFSH HP; Metrodin((R)) HP) in women undergoing ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization, including intracytoplasmic sperm injection. A total of 278 patients began a long gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist protocol, then 139 received r-hFSH and 139 u-hFSH HP, 150 IU/day administered s.c., for the first 6 days of treatment. On day 7, the dose was adjusted, if necessary, according to ovarian response. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG, 10 000 IU, s.c.) was administered once there was more than one follicle 18 mm in diameter and two others >/=16 mm. Oocyte retrieval was performed 36-38 h after HCG injection: 128 patients (92%) receiving r-hFSH and 113 (81%) receiving u-hFSH HP had at least one oocyte retrieved. Among patients receiving r-hFSH, there was a significantly higher mean (+/- SD) number of oocytes retrieved (11.0 +/- 5.9 versus 8.8 +/- 4.8 with u-hFSH HP; P = 0. 002) and mean number of embryos obtained (5.1 +/- 3.7 versus 3.5 +/- 2.9 with u-hFSH HP; P = 0.0001). With r-hFSH, significantly fewer FSH treatment days (11.7 +/- 1.9 versus 14.5 +/- 3.3) and 75 IU ampoules (27.6 +/- 10.2 versus 40.7 +/- 13.6) were required than with u-hFSH HP (P = 0.0001). Embryo replacement on day 2-3 after oocyte retrieval resulted in 36 liveborn children in the Gonal-F((R)) group and 33 in the Metrodin HP((R)) group (not significant). There were seven cases (5.0%) of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in the r-hFSH group and three (2.2%), in the u-hFSH HP group (not significant). It is concluded that r-hFSH is more effective than u-hFSH in inducing multiple follicular development.
Optimization of Inversion Time for Postmortem Short-tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) MR Imaging (2014)

The T1 value of subcutaneous fat in PMMR correlates linearly with body temperature. Using this correlation to determine TI, fat suppression with PMMR STIR imaging can be easily improved.