gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Occupant movement tracking in high-rise building evacuation planning using RFID technology and SMS gateway (2012)

Efficient evacuation of high-rise buildings is important. In the case of a fire accident all occupants must move to the assembly point as fast as possible. Since a large number of occupants are involved crowd movement must be quick and accurate at every movement. Experiences from previous buildings accident show that many people died because they were trapped inside the building and the rescuer had no information to track the occupant. This study presents a proposed model for occupant tracking in high-rise buildings for evacuation planning. Using long range RFID tags embedded on each occupant, their movement inside the building can be tracked. The dynamic position of each occupant during the movement will be monitored using an evacuation central system. A role based system was developed to detect a specific ID from an RFID tag using several long range readers. Once the position of an occupant is detected by a reader, the evacuation central system will be able to determine the position and status of evacuation. Our proposed evacuation central system is integrated with a notification system, which uses SMS (short message service). At predetermined times the evacuation central system will generate the status of each occupant and notify the building management or rescue team through SMS. Our proposed tracking and notification system has enhanced the performance of evacuation and provided early identification of trapped occupants in a high-rise building.
A Nephelometer for the Measurement of Volume Scattering Function (1957)

*r ~'.r- y Visibility Laboratory ','.'. University of California Scripps Institution of Oceanography ' :; : ...Sjan Diego 52* California : v- •„ ; . . ' .' •V,*' ,, . . Tyler, and William H*. Richardson •'••'. > . .'• it 7 October 195T 'v. ; ;; v ^ v • Index Number NS:714-ri00.^ : ; '.V SIO REFERENCE' :!ft-i&\^f' •-:> sy Bureau of Ships ' Contract. NQbsr72092:' : Approved: •*• • «.,Approved for Distribution: JV,, :^W<gL Director J Seibert Q. Duntley, Visibility Laboratory '.. • ,'i..;y i. tf^Jk . Roger Revelle, Director Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes (2010)

Nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes (NMRGs) detect rotation as a shift in the Larmor precession frequency of nuclear spins. A review of the open literature on NMRGs is presented, which includes an introduction to the spectroscopic techniques that enable NMRGs and a discussion of the design details for several specific NMRGs that have been built.
Layer-wise domain correction for unsupervised domain adaptation (2018)

Deep neural networks have been successfully applied to numerous machine learning tasks because of their impressive feature abstraction capabilities. However, conventional deep networks assume that the training and test data are sampled from the same distribution, and this assumption is often violated in real-world scenarios. To address the domain shift or data bias problems, we introduce layer-wise domain correction (LDC), a new unsupervised domain adaptation algorithm which adapts an existing deep network through additive correction layers spaced throughout the network. Through the additive layers, the representations of source and target domains can be perfectly aligned. The corrections that are trained via maximum mean discrepancy, adapt to the target domain while increasing the representational capacity of the network. LDC requires no target labels, achieves state-of-the-art performance across several adaptation benchmarks, and requires significantly less training time than existing adaptation methods.
Hydrogen Oxidation and Production Using Nickel-Based Molecular Catalysts with Positioned Proton Relays (2005)

Highly efficient electrocatalysts for both hydrogen evolution and hydrogen oxidation have been designed, synthesized, and characterized. The catalysts in their resting states are air-stable, mononuclear nickel(II) complexes containing cyclic diphosphine ligands with nitrogen bases incorporated into the ligand backbone. X-ray diffraction studies have established that the cation of [Ni(P(Ph)(2)N(Ph)(2))(2)(CH(3)CN)](BF(4))(2), 6a, (where P(Ph)(2)N(Ph)(2) is 1,3,5,7-tetraphenyl-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane) is a trigonal bipyramid with bonds to four phosphorus atoms of the two bidentate diphosphine ligands and the nitrogen atom of an acetonitrile molecule. Two of the six-membered rings formed by the diphosphine ligands and Ni have boat conformations with an average Ni- - -N distance to the two pendant bases of 3.4 A. The cation of [Ni(P(Cy)(2)N(Bz)(2))(2)](BF(4))(2), 6b, (where Cy = cyclohexyl and Bz = benzyl) is a distorted square planar complex. For 6b, all four six-membered rings formed upon coordination of the diphosphine ligands to the metal are in the boat form. In this case, the average Ni- - -N distance to the pendant base is 3.3 A. Complex 6a is an electrocatalyst for hydrogen production in acidic acetonitrile solutions, and compound 6b is an electrocatalyst for hydrogen oxidation in basic acetonitrile solutions. It is demonstrated that the high catalytic rates observed with these complexes are a result of the positioning of the nitrogen base so that it plays an important role in the formation and cleavage of the H-H bond.
Review of Thermodynamic Diesel Engine Simulations under Transient Operating Conditions (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Study and modeling of transient operation is an important scientific objective. This is due to the fact that the majority of daily vehicle driving conditions involve transient operation, with non-linear situations experienced during engine transients. Thus, proper interconnection is needed between engine, governor, fuel pump, turbocharger and load. This paper surveys the publications available in the open literature concerning diesel engine simulations under transient operating conditions. Only those models that include both full engine thermodynamic calculations and dynamic powertrain modeling are taken into account, excluding those that focus on control design and optimization. Most of the attention is concentrated to the simulations that follow the filling and emptying modeling approach. A historical overview is given covering, in more detail, research groups with continuous and consistent study of transient operation. One of the main purposes of this paper is to summarize basic equations and modeling aspects concerning in-cylinder calculations, friction, turbocharger, engine dynamics, governor, fuel pump operation, and exhaust emissions during transients. The various limitations of the models are discussed together with the main aspects of transient operation (e.g. turbocharger lag, combustion and friction deterioration), which diversify it from the steady-state. Some of the most important findings in the field during the last 30 years are presented and discussed. The survey extends to special cases of transient diesel engine simulation, such as second-law analysis, response when the turbocharger compressor experiences surge, and whole vehicle performance. Several methods of improving transient response are also mentioned, based on the various simulations. An easy-to-read tabulation of all research groups dealing with the subject, that includes details about each model developed and engines/parameters studied, is also provided at the end of the paper.</div>
A comparison of chemiluminescent acridinium dimethylphenyl ester labels with different conjugation sites (2015)

Chemiluminescent acridinium dimethylphenyl esters are highly sensitive labels that are used in automated assays for clinical diagnosis. Light emission from these labels and their conjugates is triggered by treatment with alkaline peroxide. Conjugation of acridinium ester labels is normally done at the phenol. During the chemiluminescent reaction of these acridinium esters, the phenolic ester is cleaved and the light emitting acridone moiety is liberated from its conjugate partner. In the current study, we report the synthesis of three new acridinium esters with conjugation sites at the acridinium nitrogen and compare their properties with that of a conventional acridinium ester with a conjugation site at the phenol. Our study is the first that provides a direct comparison of the emissive properties of acridinium dimethylphenyl esters (free labels and protein conjugates) with different conjugation sites, one where the light emitting acridone remains attached to its conjugate partner versus conventional labeling which results in cleavage of the acridone from the conjugate. Our results indicate that the conjugation at the acridinium nitrogen, which also alters how the acridinium ring and phenol are oriented with respect to the protein surface, has a minimal impact on emission kinetics and emission spectra. However, this mode of conjugation to three different proteins led to a significant increase in light yield which should be useful for improving the assay sensitivity.
Neuroprotective properties of calcium-channel blockers. (1996)

Increases in intraneuronal Ca2+ concentration, which accompany cerebral ischemia and traumatic brain injury, initiate a cascade of biochemical events that can eventually result in cell lysis and death. Calcium-channel blockers, in certain experimental models of focal and global ischemia, attenuate the increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and thereby ameliorate neurologic damage. Clinical efficacy varies among disease states. After nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, nimodipine has become a standard of care. Calcium-channel blockers improve outcome, whether given before or after onset of vasospasm. Although the precise mechanism of their beneficial effect remains unclear (vasodilation vs. attenuation of increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations), numerous studies have demonstrated decreased neurologic morbidity. Although there also is suggestive evidence of benefit in human stroke, these results have not been sufficiently impressive to result in the widespread use of these drugs as neuroprotectants. In clinical trials after cardiac arrest, calcium-channel blockers have been ineffective. In clinical traumatic brain injury, data suggest moderate efficacy in younger patients and those with post-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, although overall outcome is not changed. The future role of calcium-channel blockers as neuroprotectants appears bright. Newer classes of compounds, with greater specificity and fewer side effects, may provide greater clinical benefit.
Expression of EGF, TGF-alpha and EGFR in squamous cell lung carcinomas. (1992)

Immunohistochemical study of epidermal growth factor (EGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) expression was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue specimens of 70 squamous cell lung carcinomas. The carcinomas were placed to one of the following eight groups, according to the results of EGF, TGF-alpha and EGFR expression: group 1: none, group 2: only EGFR, group 3: EGFR and TGF-alpha, group 4: EGFR and EGF, group 5: TGF-alpha and EGF, group 6: all three, group 7: only TGF-alpha and finally group 8: only EGF. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that the ratio of squamous cell lung carcinomas with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in groups 4, 5 and 6 (P less than 0.01). We also examined whether EGF receptors were truncated with the use of two monoclonal antibodies directed against different portions of the receptor (EGFR1 and F4). No truncated EGF receptors were detected. These results suggest that lung carcinomas expressing the molecules EGF/EGFR, TFG-alpha/EGFR or TGF/alpha/EGF/EGFR display pathologic features of more aggressive disease.
Metals and the Liver in Alzheimer's Disease An Investigation of Hepatic Zinc, Copper, Cadmium, and Metallothionein (1990)

Significant alterations of tissue metal levels have been reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because the liver is intimately involved in metabolism and storage of metals, it may provide a useful site for study of these metals in AD. This study compares livers in AD and controls in their concentrations of zinc, copper, cadmium, and metallothionein, a metal-binding protein important in regulation of metal metabolism. Liver tissue was obtained from 17 patients with AD and 17 age- and sex-matched controls within 12 hours of death and stored at -70 degrees C. Neuropathologic confirmation of diagnosis was available in all cases. Liver homogenates (20%) were used for metal analysis by atomic absorption spectroscopy after wet digestion. Cytosolic metallothionein levels were quantitated by the cadmium or silver saturation method. A significant decline in body and liver weight was found in patients with AD, with no significant change in liver protein or DNA concentration. Total hepatic cadmium (P less than .001) and zinc (P less than .030) concentrations were significantly elevated in AD. The Sephadex G75 chromatographic profile was altered in AD with reduction in zinc bound to metallothionein fractions and increased binding to high molecular weight fractions. These data suggest that the metabolism of cadmium and zinc is altered in AD.
Regulatory elements <i>in vivo</i> in the promoter of the abscisic acid responsive gene <i>rab17</i> from maize (1997)

The rab17 gene from maize is transcribed in late embryonic development and is responsive to abscisic acid and water stress in embryo and vegetative tissues. In vivo footprinting and transient transformation of rab17 were performed in embryos and vegetative tissues to characterize the cis-elements involved in regulation of the gene. By in vivo footprinting, protein binding was observed to nine elements in the promoter, which correspond to five putative ABREs (abscisic acid responsive elements) and four other sequences. The footprints indicated that distinct proteins interact with these elements in the two developmental stages. In transient transformation, six of the elements were important for high level expression of the rab17 promoter in embryos, whereas only three elements were important in leaves. The cis-acting sequences can be divided in embryo-specific, ABA-specific and leaf-specific elements on the basis of protein binding and the ability to confer expression of rab17. We found one positive, new element, called GRA, with the sequence CACTGGCCGCCC. This element was important for transcription in leaves but not in embryos. Two other non-ABRE elements that stimulated transcription from the rab17 promoter resemble previously described abscisic acid and drought-inducible elements. There were differences in protein binding and function of the five ABREs in the rab17 promoter. The possible reasons for these differences are discussed. The in vivo data obtained suggest that an embryo-specific pathway regulates transcription of the rab genes during development, whereas another pathway is responsible for induction in response to ABA and drought in vegetative tissues.
Confucius: A Tool Supporting Collaborative Scientific Workflow Composition (2012)

Modern scientific data management and analysis usually rely on multiple scientists with diverse expertise. In recent years, such a collaborative effort is often structured and automated by a data flow-oriented process called scientific workflow. However, such workflows may have to be designed and revised among multiple scientists over a long time period. Existing workbenches are single user-oriented and do not support scientific workflow application development in a "collaborative fashion". In this paper, we report our research on the enabling techniques in the aspects of collaboration provenance management and reproduciability. Based on a scientific collaboration ontology, we propose a service-oriented collaboration model supported by a set of composable collaboration primitives and patterns. The collaboration protocols are then applied to support effective concurrency control in the process of collaborative workflow composition. We also report the design and development of Confucius, a service-oriented collaborative scientific workflow composition tool that extends an open-source, single-user development environment.
Optimal temperature control for batch beer fermentation (1988)

Optimal control theory was applied to the process of batch beer fermentation. The performance functional considered was a weighted sum of maximum ethanol production and minimum time. Calculations were based on the model of Engasser et al. modified to include temperature effects. Model parameters were determined from isothermal batch fermentations. The fermentor cooling duty was the single available control. Temperature state variable constraints as well as control variable constraints were considered. The optimal control law is shown to be bang-bang control with the existence of a singular arc corresponding to isothermal operation at the maximum temperature constraint. An iterative algorithm is presented for computing appropriate switching times using a penalty-function-augmented performance functional.
Cellular and Molecular Pathways of Ischemic Neuronal Death (2002)

Three routes have been identified triggering neuronal death under physiological and pathological conditions. Excess activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors cause influx and accumulation of Ca2+ and Na+ that result in rapid swelling and subsequent neuronal death within a few hours. The second route is caused by oxidative stress due to accumulation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Apoptosis or programmed cell death that often occurs during developmental process has been coined as additional route to pathological neuronal death in the mature nervous system. Evidence is being accumulated that excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis propagate through distinctive and mutually exclusive signal transduction pathway and contribute to neuronal loss following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Thus, the therapeutic intervention of hypoxic-ischemic neuronal injury should be aimed to prevent excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in a concerted way.
Prophylactic effect of liposomal N-acetylcysteine against LPS-induced liver injuries (2007)

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and liposomally-encapsulated NAC (L-NAC) in ameliorating the hepatotoxic effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS, a major cell wall molecule of Gram-negative bacteria and the principal initiator of septic shock, causes liver injury in vivo that is dependent on neutrophils, platelets, and several inflammatory mediators, including tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated intravenously with saline, plain liposomes (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine [DPPC]), NAC (25 mg/kg body weight), or L-NAC (25 mg/kg NAC body weight) and 4 h later were challenged intravenously with LPS (Escherichia coli O111:B4, 1.0 mg/kg body weight); animals were killed 20 h post-LPS challenge. Hepatic cell injury was evaluated by measuring the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in plasma. LPS-induced activation of the inflammatory response was evaluated by measuring the levels of myeloperoxidase activity and chloramine concentration in liver homogenates as well as TNF-alpha levels in plasma. The hepatic levels of lipid peroxidation products and non-protein thiols (NPSH) were used to assess the extent of involvement of oxidative stress mechanisms. In general, challenge of animals with LPS resulted in hepatic injuries, activation of the inflammatory response, decreases in NPSH levels and increases in the levels of lipid peroxidation products (malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenals). Pretreatment of animals with NAC or empty liposomes did not have any significant protective effect against LPS-induced hepatotoxicity. On the other hand, pretreatment of animals with an equivalent dose of L-NAC conferred protection against the liver injuries induced following LPS challenge. These data suggest that NAC when delivered as a liposomal formulation is a potentially more effective prophylactic pharmacological agent in alleviating LPS-induced liver injuries.
Consolidation Hits Fertilizer Firms (2015)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTConsolidation Hits Fertilizer FirmsView Author Information C&EN New York CityCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2015, 93, 39, 20–21Publication Date (Print):October 5, 2015Publication History Published online30 March 2016Published inissue 5 October 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-09339-bus2https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09339-bus2newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Nitrogen Get e-Alerts
Impact of routing and link layers on TCP performance in mobile ad hoc networks (2003)

Mobile ad hoc networks have attracted attention lately as a means of providing continuous network connectivity to mobile computing devices, regardless of physical location. To date, a large amount of research has focused on the routing protocols needed in such an environment. In this paper, we investigate the effects that the routing and link layers have on TCP performance. In particular, we show how the route cache management strategy in an on-demand ad hoc routing protocol can significantly affect TCP performance. We also take a brief look at the impact of link layer retransmissions on TCP throughput in a fixed, wireless multihop network.
New azo dyes as colored isoelectric point markers for isoelectric focusing in acidic pH region (2004)

Newly prepared azo compounds and several commercially available indicators were investigated for their applicability as colored isoelectric point (pI) markers for isoelectric focusing (IEF) in the acidic range below pH 5. The majority of compounds described here can serve as primary standards since their pI values were determined by UV-VIS spectrophotometry independently IEF and direct measurement with a pH electrode. Subjected to gel IEF they show narrow and well-observable zones of different colors. Finally, our work resulted in suggestion of a color ladder composed of pI markers covering the pH range from 1.5 to 4.7.