gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer‐Generated Graphite Pencil Rendering of 3D Polygonal Models (1999)

Researchers in non‐photorealistic rendering have investigated the display of three‐dimensional worlds using various display models. In particular, recent work has focused on the modeling of traditional artistic media and styles such as pen‐and‐ink illustration and watercolor painting. By providing 3D rendering systems that use these alternative display models users can generate traditional illustration renderings of their three‐dimensional worlds. In this paper we present our graphite pencil 3D renderer. We have broken the problem of simulating pencil drawing down into four fundamental parts: (1) simulating the drawing materials (graphite pencil and drawing paper, blenders and kneaded eraser), (2) modeling the drawing primitives (individual pencil strokes and mark‐making to create tones and textures), (3) simulating the basic rendering techniques used by artists and illustrators familiar with pencil rendering, and (4) modeling the control of the drawing composition. Each part builds upon the others and is essential to developing the framework for higher‐level rendering methods and tools. In this paper we present parts 2, 3, and 4 of our research. We present non‐photorealistic graphite pencil rendering methods for outlining and shading. We also present the control of drawing steps from preparatory sketches to finished rendering results. We demonstrate the capabilities of our approach with a variety of images generated from 3D models.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Microemulsion-Mediated Nanophase TiO2 Particles (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Microemulsion-Mediated Nanophase TiO2 ParticlesV. Chhabra, V. Pillai, B. K. Mishra, A. Morrone, and D. O. ShahCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 9, 3307–3311Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00009a007https://doi.org/10.1021/la00009a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1594Altmetric-Citations173LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-throughput functional testing of ENCODE segmentation predictions (2014)

The histone modification state of genomic regions is hypothesized to reflect the regulatory activity of the underlying genomic DNA. Based on this hypothesis, the ENCODE Project Consortium measured the status of multiple histone modifications across the genome in several cell types and used these data to segment the genome into regions with different predicted regulatory activities. We measured the cis-regulatory activity of more than 2000 of these predictions in the K562 leukemia cell line. We tested genomic segments predicted to be Enhancers, Weak Enhancers, or Repressed elements in K562 cells, along with other sequences predicted to be Enhancers specific to the H1 human embryonic stem cell line (H1-hESC). Both Enhancer and Weak Enhancer sequences in K562 cells were more active than negative controls, although surprisingly, Weak Enhancer segmentations drove expression higher than did Enhancer segmentations. Lower levels of the covalent histone modifications H3K36me3 and H3K27ac, thought to mark active enhancers and transcribed gene bodies, associate with higher expression and partly explain the higher activity of Weak Enhancers over Enhancer predictions. While DNase I hypersensitivity (HS) is a good predictor of active sequences in our assay, transcription factor (TF) binding models need to be included in order to accurately identify highly expressed sequences. Overall, our results show that a significant fraction (-26%) of the ENCODE enhancer predictions have regulatory activity, suggesting that histone modification states can reflect the cis-regulatory activity of sequences in the genome, but that specific sequence preferences, such as TF-binding sites, are the causal determinants of cis-regulatory activity.
A wireless public access infrastructure for supporting mobile context-aware IPv6 applications (2001)

This paper presents a novel wireless access point architecture designed to support the development of next generation mobile context-aware applications over metropolitan scale areas. In addition, once deployed, this network will allow ordinary citizens secure, accountable and convenient access to the Internet from their local city and campus environments.
Contribution of Enzyme−Phosphoribosyl Contacts to Catalysis by Orotidine 5‘-Phosphate Decarboxylase (2000)

The crystal structure of the complex formed between recombinant yeast orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase and the competitive inhibitor 6-hydroxyuridine 5'-phosphate reveals the presence of four hydrogen bonds between active site residues Tyr-217 and Arg-235 and the phosphoryl group of this inhibitor. When Tyr-217 and Arg-235 are individually mutated to alanine, values of k(cat)/K(m) are reduced by factors of 3000- and 7300-fold, respectively. In the Y217A/R235A double mutant, activity is reduced more than 10(7)-fold. Experiments with highly enriched [(14)C]orotic acid show that when ribose 5'-phosphate is deleted from substrate orotidine 5'-phosphate, k(cat)/K(m) is reduced by more than 12 orders of magnitude, from 6.3 x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1) for OMP to less than 2.5 x 10(-5) M(-1) s(-1) for orotic acid. Activity toward orotate is not "rescued" by 1 M inorganic phosphate. The K(i) value of ribose 5'-phosphate, representing the part of the natural substrate that is absent in orotic acid, is 8.1 x 10(-5) M. Thus, the effective concentration of the 5'-phosphoribosyl group, in stabilizing the transition state for enzymatic decarboxylation of OMP, is estimated to be >2 x 10(8) M, representing one of the largest connectivity effects that has been reported for an enzyme reaction.
Introduction (2004)

This is a book about language planning and language policy, and naturally deals with the core issues of the discipline. There is, of course, much on the legal process of making a language official (status planning). There is also discussion of the linguistic changes planned in language institutes or among elite model givers (corpus planning). There is inevitably consideration of the policy measures and management, which ensure that the chosen and planned language is taught and learnt in school (acquisition planning). However, there is also more. There is reflection on political events and social processes, that are not always seen as within the scope of the subject. My argument is that, although formal language policy making and language planning is a relatively recent development in terms of human history, as an informal activity it is as old as language itself, plays a crucial role in the distribution of power and resources in all societies, is integral to much political activity and deserves to be studied explicitly from this political perspective.KeywordsLanguage PolicyLanguage PlanningNation BuildingLanguage ShiftSupranational LevelThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Transient Technique for Identification of True Reaction Intermediates:  Hydroperoxide Species in Propylene Epoxidation on Gold/Titanosilicate Catalysts by X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (2008)

In situ ultraviolet−visible (UV−vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was used in combination with in situ Ti K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) to study the formation of Ti-hydroperoxo species during the gas-phase epoxidation of propylene with H2 and O2 at reaction conditions over a Au−Ba/Ti−SiO2 (Ti−TUD) catalyst. The in situ UV−vis measurements showed growth of a signal due to Ti-hydroperoxo species when the catalyst was put in contact with H2/O2/Ar (1/1/8) and C3H6/H2/O2/Ar (1/1/1/7) gas mixtures at 423 K and 0.1 MPa. Changes in the area of the pre-edge peak centered at 4968.9 eV present in the Ti K-edge XANES spectra of the catalyst were used to estimate the Ti-hydroperoxo species coverages (θ) under operating conditions. Transient Ti K-edge XANES experiments with H2/O2/Ar (1/1/8) and C3H6/H2/O2/Ar (1/1/1/7) gas mixtures allowed the estimation of the net epoxidation rate by a novel method involving the determination of dθ/dt. It is shown that the Ti-hydroperoxo species are true intermediates because their initial rate of reaction measured from the in situ transient XANES data (3.4 × 10-4 s-1) has the same order of magnitude as the steady-state turnover frequency for propylene epoxidation based on the total Ti (2.5 × 10-4 s-1) measured in a catalytic flow reactor. This is the first use of XANES to measure the turnover rate of a catalyzed reaction.
Feasibility of using W/TiN as metal gate for conventional 0.13 μm CMOS technology and beyond (2002)

We demonstrate the feasibility of using W/TiN as metal-gate on thin gate dielectrics (/spl les/33 /spl Aring/) and with high temperature (>950/spl deg/C) S/D annealing for 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS applications. Close to ideal C-V characteristics are obtained indicating good Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface quality and free from gate depletion. The gate sheet resistance is about 2 ohm//spl square/, nearly constant down to 0.05 /spl mu/m. Under fixed effective fields, the electron and hole mobility are comparable to or slightly better than those of poly gate devices. Compared to poly gate devices, the W/TiN on 33 /spl Aring/ pure oxide has inferior charge-to-breakdown (Q/sub bd/) distribution under substrate (+V/sub G/) injection. However, a remote-plasma nitrided oxide (RPNO) can greatly improve the +V/sub G/ Q/sub bd/ distribution for the W/TiN case. Short-channel W/TiN pMOS transistors are fabricated with excellent characteristics down to L/sub gate//spl ap/0.07 /spl mu/m. For nMOS under +V/sub G/ direct tunneling (DT) or Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) tunneling injection with S/D grounded, the W/TiN device has a higher substrate hole current density (J/sub p/) than n/sup +/ poly-gate device (by about an order magnitude larger). This higher J/sub p/ is believed due to the tunneling of valence-band electron and thus has no impact on the thin (t/sub ox//spl les/33 /spl Aring/) gate oxide reliability.
Utilization of microgravity bioreactors for differentiation of mammalian skeletal tissue (1993)

Bioreactor cell and tissue culture vessels can be used to study bone development in a simulated microgravity environment. These vessels will also provide an advantageous, low maintenance culture system on space station Freedom. Although many types of cells and tissues can potentially utilize this system, our particular interest is in developing bone tissue. We have characterized an organ culture system utilizing embryonic mouse pre-metatarsal mesenchyme, documenting morphogenesis and differentiation as cartilage rods are formed, with subsequent terminal chondrocyte differentiation to hypertrophied cells. Further development to form bone tissue is achieved by supplementation of the culture medium. Research using pre-metatarsal tissue, combined with the bioreactor culture hardware, could give insight into the advantages and/or disadvantages of conditions experienced in microgravity. Studies such as these have the potential to enhance understanding of bone development and adult bone physiology, and may help define the processes of bone demineralization experienced in space and in pathological conditions here on earth.
Silylated Cellulose Materials in Design of Supramolecular Structures of Ultrathin Cellulose Films (1995)

Abstract To use the structure-forming potential and the biodegradability of cellulose and nonionic cellulose ethers, we developed synthesis pathways for soluble and regenerable silyl celluloses suitable for the design of advanced materials. A 6-0-silylation of cellulose takes place in a heterogeneous phase reaction in the presence of ammonia-saturated polar aprotic solvents at −15°C with thexyldimethylchlorosilane. After 2,3-di-O-methylation, this type of regioselectively-substituted cellulose derivatives yields sensor matrices for the detection of halohydrocarbons in air. On the other hand, thexyldimethylsilyl celluloses and trimethylsilyl celluloses with degrees of substitution in the 2.6 to 3.0 range form mono-and multilayered supramolecular structures by applying the Langmuir–Blodgett technique and, after desilylation, oriented ultrathin cellulose films.
Severe, diffuse coronary artery spasm after drug-eluting stent placement. (2006)

We describe coronary spasm after stent placement, particularly after drug-eluting stents. Outcomes associated with diffuse severe spasm after stenting are poor, and the pathophysiology remains poorly understood.
Monitoring tissue blood oxygen saturation in the internal jugular venous area using near infrared spectroscopy (2015)

Central venous blood oxygen saturation (ScvO2) is an important monitoring index of fluid resuscitation. However, monitoring of ScvO2 is not continuous and invasive. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an optical technology for the noninvasive detection of hemodynamic changes, with advantages of being real-time, continuous, low-cost, and portable. The present study aimed to determine whether a correlation exists between the tissue blood oxygen saturation in the internal jugular venous area (StO2) data obtained with NIRS and the ScvO2 and whether these two quantities are equivalent. Data were collected from 13 patients. We used ultrasound to locate the placement site for the NIRS light source outside the internal jugular vein. Meanwhile, a sample for blood gas analysis was obtained through the central venous catheter. A correlation analysis between the StO2 and ScvO2 of 13 samples was performed (Pearson correlation coefficient), suggesting a high correlation between them (r = 0.906, StO2 =1.0018 ScvO2 +2.8524). Bland-Altman analysis was also performed between the StO2 and ScvO2. Results were as follows: 100% of monitored points fell within the range of the mean ± 1.96 SD of the difference between the StO2 and ScvO2; range of the mean ± 1.96 SD of the difference between the StO2 and ScvO2 was 3 ± 10.2; confidence interval of the difference between the StO2 and ScvO2 was -7.2 to 13.2%. The StO2 monitored with NIRS correlated highly with the ScvO2 measured in the internal jugular vein. Therefore, the StO2 can be used for directing clinical treatment with further research.
A self-learning diagnosis system for grinding vibration. (1991)

The diagnostic procedure for grinding vibration may be carried out by using the symptoms found on the ground surface, the observations made during grinding, and the results of previous diagnostic experiments. Research has been. conducted for the purpose of obtaining a systematic procedure for grinding vibration diagnosis in which a computer-based methodology featuring knowledge engineering is used. The system consists of the production rule type inference engine whereby diagnostic censors are used to rule out the impossible causes in parallel with the separate identification of alternative causes by diagnostic rules. For the cases when no cause can be induced by the rules, the system includes another method of inferring alternative causes by making comparison with prior successful diagnoses. It also includes a self-learning function which generalizes from positive examples and negative examples. This self-learning process can produce new rules and censors, and in addition the old rules can be maintained by the production of the new censors resulting in system autonomously improving its own performance. A case study and a series of simulated diagnoses have demonstrated the effectiveness of these functions.
29Si solid-state NMR study of mesoporous M41S materials (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT29Si solid-state NMR study of mesoporous M41S materialsAllan Steel, Stuart W. Carr, and Michael W. AndersonCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 10, 1829–1832Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00058a012https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00058a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views643Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cleaning of ultra-fines in heavy liquid cyclones (1987)

Judging by the recent development in the properties of ROM hardcoal, increasing proportions of smalls and ultra-fines are expected to be fed to the coal preparation plants. At this juncture has been examined whether and, if so, to what extent high-ash ultra-fines - e.g. air separation dust - can be cleaned by means of heavy liquids to give a final product low in ash. Experiments to find out about the cleaning behaviour of ultra-fines smaller than 0.8 mm have been run in a laboratory cyclone of 50 mm diameter. These tests were carried out with varying cyclone geometries.
DNA sequence recognition by under-methylated analogues of triostin A (1986)

Two new analogues of TANDEM (des-N-tetramethyl triostin A) have been synthesised in an effort to elucidate the molecular basis of DNA nucleotide sequence recognition in this series of compounds. Their binding preferences have been investigated by DNAase I footprinting and differential inhibition of restriction nuclease attack. The presence of a single N-methyl group on only one valine residue (in [N-MeVal4] TANDEM) abolishes the ability to recognise DNA, presumably because this antibiotic analogue has suffered an unfavourable conformational change in the depsipeptide ring. A bis-methylated analogue, [N-MeCys3, N-MeCys7]TANDEM, was found to interact quite strongly with DNA and afforded binding sites, rich in AT residues, identical to those of TANDEM. Footprinting with various DNA fragments of known sequence showed that this analogue recognises sequences containing the dinucleotide TpA, although we cannot exclude the possibility that it binds to ApT as well. [N-MeCys3, N-MeCys7]TANDEM inhibits cutting by RsaI, a restriction enzyme that recognises GTAC but not by Sau3AI which recognises GATC. This provides further supportive evidence that the ligand (and, by extension, TANDEM itself) prefers binding to sequences containing the dinucleotide step TpA.
65.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Amorphous Silicon TFT's with 100‐Year Lifetimes in a Clear Plastic Compatible Process for AMOLEDs (2009)

Abstract We demonstrate critical elements of a‐Si technology on clear plastic for flexible AMOLED applications. First, we show that a‐Si TFT's with gate voltages under 5 V provide sufficient current for OLED pixel brightness of over 1000 cd/m 2 , with minimum geometries (W/L = 1)for 100 μm × 100 μm pixels. Critical to this result is a clear plastic with the combined properties of high transparency, glass transition temperature in excess of 300 °C, and low coefficient of thermal expansion. Second, we show that by engineering the a‐Si TFT stack, under the bias conditions for pixel operation, the “half‐life” of the TFT (defined as the time for the current to fall by 50% in DC operation) is 10 years for a 280 °C process on clear plastic, and at least 100 years for 300 °C. This is several orders of magnitude higher than that of common a‐Si TFT processes and in general larger than the lifetimes for the 50% decay of the luminescence of the OLED's themselves. Finally, we provide a framework demonstrating the tradeoff between drive current and TFT stability.
Development of an in vitro model of<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>cyst formation (1993)

Toxoplasma gondii tissue cyst reactivation is a major pathogenic mechanism in ocular toxoplasmosis, disease associated with AIDS and organ transplantation. The mechanisms associated with cyst formation and reactivation have not been elucidated. The complexity of studying these issues in animal models has led to the development of in vitro tissue culture strategies for cyst formation. In the present study we have adopted the human embryonic lung fibroblast (HEL) as the host cell and have compared the cyst forming abilities of eight clinical isolates. We describe by transmission electron microscopy and quantitative light microscopy the development of cysts in vitro. The numbers of in vitro cysts increased with time for all isolates. Cyst cultures were stabilised by manipulation of the free parasite load, an observation not previously recorded. Thus, in this paper we describe a viable model for the analysis of the mechanisms of Toxoplasma cyst development.
Syntheses of Carpyrinic Acid and of Related Pyridines with Long Aliphatik Chains (1972)

Four different syntheses of carpyrinic acid, i.e. 8-(5-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyridyl)octanoic acid, are reviewed in this paper and the synthetic value of individual steps is compared and discussed. The synthesis of another type of a long-chain pyridine derivative is presented, namely that of dehydroprosopine [5-hydroxy-2-(11-hydroxydodecyl)-6-hydroxymethylpyridine] which is a key intermediate in the total synthesis of the alkaloids prosopine and prosopinine. Finally, the syntheses of the ant venoms of related structures via the corresponding pyridines are reviewed. The long-chain pyridines are potential intermediates for a large group of piperidine derivatives of considerable and manyfold biological interest. 1. Syntheses of Carpyrinic Acid 1.1 Rapoport's Synthesis 1.2 Govindachari's Synthesis 1.3 Gruber's Synthesis 1.4 A Novel Synthesis 2. Synthesis of (±) 5-Hydroxy-2-(11-hydroxydodecyl)-6-hydroxymethylpyridine (Dehydroprosopine) 3. Synthesis of Ant Venoms (2-Methyl-6-alkyl- and -6-alkenyl-pyridines, their Derivatives and Homologs).