gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interface Hardening with Deuterium Implantation (2002)

Incorporation of deuterium to passivate silicon-dangling bonds at the interface through ion implantation before the growth of the gate oxide is the focus of this work. Polycrystalline silicon gate n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor diodes with 4 nm gate oxide grown on deuterium-implanted p-type silicon substrate were investigated. Deuterium implanted at a light dose of at 25 keV reduced oxide leakage current due to reduction in oxide charge and interface traps. Out-diffusion of deuterium during oxidation was observed for lower energy implant. Higher energy implant, on the other hand, causes enhanced substrate damage and prevents deuterium from reaching the interface. Formation of bonds at the interface as well as in bulk oxide seems to reduce bulk electron traps as noticed in constant current stress measurements. Interface state density as obtained from the conductance measurements suggests that implanted deuterium passivates the silicon dangling bonds, thereby reducing the interface charge. The distribution in silicon bandgap shows that there is significant reduction in for deuterium-implanted samples at an energy position about 0.2 eV above midgap, which corresponds well with center transition level of eV. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Enhancement of ribosomal frameshifting by oligonucleotides targeted to the HIV<i>gag-pol</i>region (1992)

The pol gene of all retroviruses is expressed as a gag-pol fusion protein which is proteolytically processed to produce all viral enzymes. In the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the gag and pol genes overlap by 241 nucleotides with pol in the -1 phase with respect to gag. The gag-pol fusion is produced via a -1 ribosomal frameshifting event that brings the overlapping, out-of-phase gag and pol genes into translational phase. Frameshifting occurs at a so called 'shift site' 8-10 nucleotides upstream of a hairpin loop which may play a role in the regulation of frameshifting. We have fused this region of HIV-1 to the 5' end of the firefly luciferase reporter gene in order to quantitatively measure ribosomal frameshifting both in cells and by in vitro translation. A series of 2'-O-methyl oligonucleotides was designed to specifically bind the sequences which flank the gag-pol hairpin. Ribosomal frameshifting is enhanced up to 6 fold by those oligonucleotides which bind the area just 3 to the stem. Oligonucleotides which bind 5' to the stem have no effect on frameshift efficiency. In addition, we have constructed a series of fusion genes which mimic the effect of the bound oligonucleotides with intramolecular hairpins. The results suggest that increasing RNA secondary structure downstream of the shift site increases the frequency of ribosomal frameshifting, and that this effect can be mimicked by antisense oligonucleotides.
The INTEGRAL IBIS/ISGRI System Point Spread Function \n and Source Location Accuracy (2003)

\n The imager on board INTEGRAL (IBIS) presently provides\nthe most detailed sky images ever obtained at energies above 30 keV. \nThe telescope is based on a coded aperture imaging system\nwhich allows to obtain sky images in a large field of view \n(29° $\\times$ 29°) with an angular resolution of\n12'. The System Point Spread Function of the telescope\nand its detailed characteristics are here described along with the\nspecific analysis algorithms used to derive the accurate\npoint-like source locations. The derived location accuracy\nis studied using the first in-flight calibration data on strong\nsources for the IBIS/ISGRI system.\nThe dependence of the calibrated location accuracy with\nthe signal to noise ratio of the sources is presented. \nThese preliminary studies demonstrate that the IBIS/ISGRI telescope \nand the standard scientific analysis software allow source\nlocalizations with accuracy at 90% confidence level better than 1' for sources\nwith signal to noise ratios >30 over the whole field of view, in agreement\nwith the expected performances of the instrument.\n\n\n
New method for local drug delivery using resorbable base material in periodontal therapy. (1984)

A new method for local drug delivery to the subgingival plaque was developed using hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) as a base material. Using this material prepared in the form of strips containing antimicrobial drugs, the clinical and microbiological effects by this method on the human periodontal disease were studied. Before the clinical trials, the rate of the drug release from the strips was studied. Both drugs used in this study (CH: chlorhexidine and TC: tetracycline) were released almost within 2 hours from the strips in vitro. In the gingival crevicular fluid, however, it was found that the TC was maintained for 24 hours after the local delivery. Five patients who had deep pockets contralaterally were selected. The CH-containing HPC strips (5%) were applied in one pocket of each patient and the placebo strips were applied in other pocket on day 0, 2 and 4. Plaque Index, Gingival Index, probing depth and the presence or absence of bleeding on probing were recorded on day 0, 2, 4 and 6. Marked reduction of bleeding on probing was found in the pockets applied the CH-containing HPC strips. There was a significant reduction in the proportion of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus in these pockets (p less than 0.01).
Ultrasound tagged light imaging in turbid media in a reflectance geometry (2000)

A combination of light and focused ultrasound waves provides a unique way to obtain directly three-dimensional absorption data in a turbid medium. We present the combination of an ultrasound wave and light in which both the input and the output optodes are on the same side of the sample (reflectance geometry). This technique permits local detection in depth of the presence of a purely absorbing object, without further mathematical processing. It is a promising technique for medical imaging and monitoring of tissues.
Packet Drop Avoidance for High-speed Network Transmission Protocol (2016)

As network bandwidth continues to grow and longer paths are used to exchange large scientific data between storage systems and GRID computation, it has become increasingly obvious that there is a need to deploy a packet drop avoidance mechanism into network transmission protocols. Current end-to-end congestion avoidance mechanisms used in Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) have worked well on low bandwidth delay product networks, but with newer high-bandwidth delay networks they have shown to be inefficient and prone to unstable. This is largely due to increased network bandwidth coupled with changes in internet traffic patterns. These changes come from a variety of new network applications that are being developed to take advantage of the increased network bandwidth. This paper will examine the end-to-end congestion avoidance mechanism and perform a step-by-step analysis of its theory. In addition we will propose an alternative approach developed as part of a new network transmission protocol. Our alternative protocol uses a packet drop avoidance (PDA) mechanism built on top of the maximum burst size (MBS) theory combined with a real-time available bandwidth algorithm. Copyright Information: All rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. Contact the author or original publisher for any necessary permissions. eScholarship is not the copyright owner for deposited works. Learn more at http://www.escholarship.org/help_copyright.html#reuse Packet Drop Avoidance for High-speed Network Transmission Protocol
New 4-Bit Transient-to-Digital Converter for System-Level ESD Protection in Display Panels (2011)

A new on-chip 4-bit transient-to-digital converter for system-level electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection design is proposed. The proposed converter is designed to detect ESD-induced transient disturbances and transfer different ESD voltages into digital codes under system-level ESD tests. The experimental results in a 0.13- μm CMOS integrated circuit with 1.8-V devices have confirmed the detection function and digital output codes. The proposed on-chip transient-to-digital converter can be codesigned with firmware operations to effectively enhance immunity of display systems against system-level ESD stresses.
A high resolution, high frame-rate spatial light modulator (2002)

We describe a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) spatial light modulator (SLM) which is electronically addressed via a VLSI CMOS silicon backplane. Designed specifically for use in a miniature colour display system, the device nevertheless exhibits a specification which is suitable for many non-display applications.
Ethacridine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by inactivating viral particles in cellular models (2020)

SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus that causes the respiratory disease COVID-19, which is now the third-leading cause of death in the United States. The FDA has recently approved remdesivir, an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 replication, to treat COVID-19, though recent data from the WHO shows little to no benefit with use of this anti-viral agent. Here we report the discovery of ethacridine, a safe antiseptic use in humans, as a potent drug for use against SARS-CoV-2 (EC<sub>50</sub> ~ 0.08 <i>μ</i>M). Ethacridine was identified via high-throughput screening of an FDA-approved drug library in living cells using a fluorescent assay. Interestingly, the main mode of action of ethacridine is through inactivation of viral particles, preventing their binding to the host cells. Indeed, ethacridine is effective in various cell types, including primary human nasal epithelial cells. Taken together, these data identify a promising, potent, and new use of the old drug possessing a distinct mode of action for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Metallacycles of Rhenium(VII) Oxides: Migration of a Me3Si Group to Form the cis‐Dioxo Cyclometallaphosphoranimino Phosphane Cyclic NPPh2CH2PPh2Re(O)2(OSiMe3)2 and Arsane Cyclic NPPh2(CH2)2AsPh2Re(O)2(OSiMe3)2. (1989)

Abstract The title compounds (III) are synthesized according to the scheme and characterized spectroscopically (MS, IR, 1 H, 31 P, 29 Si NMR).
Raman Scattering Enhancement by Optical Confinement in a Semiconductor Planar Microcavity (1995)

We report optical-phonon Raman scattering enhancements of over 4 orders of magnitude in a $\frac{\ensuremath{\lambda}}{2}$ semiconductor planar microcavity. By varying the incidence angle both excitation and Stokes photons can simultaneously resonate with the cavity mode, their fields being strongly amplified. We demonstrate the cavity geometry as a promising tool to study solid state excitations in reduced dimensions with highly increased sensitivity.
Shape‐Persistent Macrocycles: From Molecules to Materials (2004)

Shape-persistent macrocycles with an interior in the nanometer regime allow the attachment of (functional) side groups at defined positions at the ring. These side groups can have either a fixed orientation relative to the molecular backbone or they can adapt their orientation according to an external stimulus. The properties and applications of the compounds depend strongly on the orientation of these side groups. Macrocycles with intraannular or adaptable long alkyl groups display a new design principle for discotic liquid crystals. Macrocycles with extraannular (oligo)alkyl groups can be used for surface patterning in the nanometer regime and rings with extraannular oligostyryl groups are able to aggregate to supramolecular hollow polymer brushes.
Emerging Treatment Strategies for Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A New Hope (2006)

Despite the current grim outlook, the recent applications of emerging technology to the study of ACC and the development of newer, "targeted" therapies for cancer suggest the possibility of a new hope for patients with this disease, although these therapies will need to be evaluated by rigorous clinical trials to verify their effectiveness.
Impact of Packet Sampling on Portscan Detection (2006)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Packet sampling is commonly deployed in high-speed backbone routers to minimize resources used for network monitoring. It is known that packet sampling distorts traffic statistics and its impact has been extensively studied for traffic engineering metrics such as flow size and mean rate. However, it is unclear how packet sampling impacts anomaly detection, which has become increasingly critical to network providers. This paper is the first attempt to address this question by focusing on one common class of nonvolume-based anomalies, <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">portscans</emphasis>, which are associated with worm/virus propagation. Existing portscan detection algorithms fall into two general approaches: target-specific and traffic profiling. We evaluated representative algorithms for each class, namely: 1) <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">TRWSYN</emphasis> that performs stateful traffic analysis; 2) <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">TAPS</emphasis> that tracks connection pattern of scanners; and 3) <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">entropy-based</emphasis> traffic profiling. We applied these algorithms to detect portscans in both the original and sampled packet traces from a Tier-1 provider's backbone network. Our results demonstrate that sampling introduces fundamental bias that degrades the effectiveness of these detection algorithms and dramatically increases false positives. Through both experiments and analysis, we identify the traffic features critical for anomaly detection that are affected by sampling. Finally, using insight gained from this study, we show how portscan algorithms can be enhanced to be more robust to sampling. </para>
Differential Immunogenicity and Clinical Relevance of Kidney Compartment Specific Antigens after Renal Transplantation (2010)

To evaluate the pathogenic role of non-HLA antibodies after organ transplantation, 81 unique serum samples from renal transplant patients were analyzed by protein array technology on integrative genomics approach (Li, L.; et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 106 (11), 4148-53; Higgins, J. P.; et al. Mol. Biol. Cell 2004, 15 (2), 649-56), validated by ELISA, and the results correlated with clinical relevance with time post-transplantation or post-transplant graft function. There was a significant association of de novo non-HLA antibodies with time post-transplantation (n = 1,785) and decline in graft function over the subsequent year (n = 105). There was an enrichment of immunogenic antigens in the renal cortex (p = 0.01) with post-transplant time, and for glomerular specific targets (p = 0.02) with decline in graft function. Two targets with very strong correlation in each category (AGT and SPDYA) were validated by customized ELISA assays in independent patient sera and their localization confirmed by immunohistochemistry. In conclusion, defined profiles of these non-HLA antibodies to renal cortical proteins develop with increasing length of engraftment, and may reflect the increasing recognition of altered localization or exposure of renal tubular and interstitial proteins, affected by advancing chronic nonimmune graft injury. The panel of non-HLA antibodies to glomerular targets is most interesting, as these corresponding antigenic targets may be important pathways in functional graft injury and could provide novel targets for drug design.
EID1, an F-box protein involved in phytochrome A-specific light signaling (2001)

To perceive red and far-red light, plants have evolved specific photoreceptors called phytochromes. Even though the spectral properties of all phytochromes are very similar, they show a distinct mode of action. Here we describe EID1, a negatively acting component of the signaling cascade that shifts the responsiveness of the phytochrome A (phyA) signaling system associated with hypocotyl elongation from red to far-red wavelengths. EID1 is a novel nuclear F-box protein that contains a leucine zipper whose integrity is necessary for its biological function. EID1 most probably acts by targeting activated components of the phyA signaling pathway to ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis.
Identification of New Compounds That Trigger Apoptosome-Independent Caspase Activation and Apoptosis (2006)

Identification of alternative pathways of caspase activation is an important step to develop new antitumor treatments. We report here the result of a screening with a small chemical library, the Developmental Therapeutics Program-National Cancer Institute "challenge set," on cells expressing mutated caspase-9. We have identified two molecules capable of activating an apoptosome-independent apoptotic pathway. These compounds, named F6 and G5, target the ubiquitin-proteasome system by inhibiting the ubiquitin isopeptidases. We have shown that F6 and G5 induce a rather unique apoptotic pathway, which includes a Bcl-2-dependent but apoptosome-independent mitochondrial pathway with up-regulation of the BH3-only protein Noxa, stabilization of the inhibitor of apoptosis antagonist Smac, but also the involvement of the death receptor pathway. Noxa plays an important role in the induction of mitochondrial fragmentation and caspase activation, whereas the death receptor pathway becomes critical in the absence of a functional apoptosome. This study suggests that screening of chemical libraries on cancer cells with defined mutations in apoptotic key elements can lead to the identification of compounds that are useful to characterize alternative pathways of caspase activation.
Recongnition by guinea-pig peritoneal exudate cells of conformationally different states of the collagen molecule. (1976)

Guinea-pig peritoneal exudate cells were tested in vitro in the presence or absence of specific antiserum to native collagen for their capacity to discriminate between native and denatured collagens of various species. Adherent exudate cells bound denatured collagens, regardless of the origin of the collagen or the presence of serum. The binding was reduced if the cells were pretreated with trypsin. Recovery of binding was mediated by a normal serum component resembling an IgM antibody to denatured collagen. In the presence of normal serum, native collagen was only marginally bound, apparently in a non-specific manner. Uptake of native heterologous collagens was greatly increased in the presence of specific antiserum to native collagen with specificity of binding reflecting the type of collagen. Binding of denatured and native collagen occur via independent mechanisms.
The Reactions of Dmso with Arylaldehydes in the Presence of Sodium Hydride (2002)

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) reacted with arylaldehydes under basic conditions to afford sulfide 1, β-(benzyloxy)styrene 2 and dialkyl sulfoxide 3, while the reaction of benzophenone with DMSO gave 1,1-diphenylethylene 4, 1,1-diphenyl-2-methylthioethylene 5 and sulfoxide 6 at the same time under the same conditions.
ADON: Application-Driven Overlay Network-as-a-Service for Data-Intensive Science (2015)

Campuses are increasingly adopting hybrid cloud architectures for supporting data-intensive science applications that require “on-demand” resources, which are not always available locally on-site. Policies at the campus edge for handling multiple such applications competing for remote resources can cause bottlenecks across applications. These bottlenecks can be proactively avoided with pertinent profiling, monitoring and control of application flows using software-defined networking and pertinent selection of local or remote compute resources. In this paper, we present an “application-driven overlay network-as-a-service” (ADON) that manages the hybrid cloud requirements of multiple applications in a scalable and extensible manner by allowing users to specify requirements of the application that are translated into the underlying network and compute provisioning requirements. Our solution involves scheduling transit selection, a cost optimized selection of site(s) for computation and traffic engineering at the campus-edge based upon real-time policy control that ensures prioritized application performance delivery for multi-tenant traffic profiles. We validate our ADON approach through an emulation study and through a wide-area overlay network testbed implementation across two campuses. Our workflow orchestration results show the ADON effectiveness in handling temporal behavior of multi-tenant traffic burst arrivals using profiles from a diverse set of actual data-intensive applications.
Solving the Incertitude of Vertical Handovers in Heterogeneous Mobile Wireless Network Using MDP (2008)

In this paper we introduce and examine via simulations, a Markov decision process (MDP) based approach for vertical handover decision-making. We consider here the case of a heterogeneous network environment where both the legacy WLAN and the novel line-of-sight (LOS)- dependent 60 GHz radio systems are deployed to support indoor high quality multi-media applications. The MDP decision approach takes into account multiple factors such as user preference, network situation, device capability and effects of environment. We show its ability to effectively make handover decision in uncertain situations. The method and results herein are applicable, in general, to any other situation where such a decision is to be made.
Effect of liver fat on insulin clearance (2007)

A fatty liver is associated with fasting hyperinsulinemia, which could reflect either impaired insulin clearance or hepatic insulin action. We determined the effect of liver fat on insulin clearance and hepatic insulin sensitivity in 80 nondiabetic subjects [age 43 +/- 1 yr, body mass index (BMI) 26.3 +/- 0.5 kg/m(2)]. Insulin clearance and hepatic insulin resistance were measured by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (insulin infusion rate 0.3 mU.kg(-1).min(-1) for 240 min) clamp technique combined with the infusion of [3-(3)H]glucose and liver fat by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. During hyperinsulinemia, both serum insulin concentrations and increments above basal remained approximately 40% higher (P < 0.0001) in the high (15.0 +/- 1.5%) compared with the low (1.8 +/- 0.2%) liver fat group, independent of age, sex, and BMI. Insulin clearance (ml.kg fat free mass(-1).min(-1)) was inversely related to liver fat content (r = -0.52, P < 0.0001), independent of age, sex, and BMI (r = -0.37, P = 0.001). The variation in insulin clearance due to that in liver fat (range 0-41%) explained on the average 27% of the variation in fasting serum (fS)-insulin concentrations. The contribution of impaired insulin clearance to fS-insulin concentrations increased as a function of liver fat. This implies that indirect indexes of insulin sensitivity, such as homeostatic model assessment, overestimate insulin resistance in subjects with high liver fat content. Liver fat content correlated significantly with fS-insulin concentrations adjusted for insulin clearance (r = 0.43, P < 0.0001) and with directly measured hepatic insulin sensitivity (r = -0.40, P = 0.0002). We conclude that increased liver fat is associated with both impaired insulin clearance and hepatic insulin resistance. Hepatic insulin sensitivity associates with liver fat content, independent of insulin clearance.
OUTSTANDING <i>L&O</i> REVIEWERS (2012)

He focuses on the mechanical factors underlying the designs of organisms, in particular at their fluid dynamic devices. He has, for instance, considered the aerodynamics of especially small insects, convective cooling of broad leaves in near-still air and drag minimization of the same leaves in storm-level winds, ways in which organisms from sponges to burrowing rodents use velocity gradients to induce flows through themselves or their domiciles, and ways in which organisms such as squid and whales use flow-induced pressures to reexpand their mantle and oral cavities. He has written and continues to write both academic and nonacademic books on matters biomechanical. The most recently two are an undergraduate textbook and a collection of essays on comparative biomechanics.