gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metastatic head and neck malignancy treated using MRI guided interstitial laser phototherapy: An initial case report (1992)

Interstitial laser phototherapy (ILP) guided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may become an attractive adjunctive modality for the treatment of deep and surgically inaccessible tumors of the head and neck when accurate methods of laser dosimetry and "real-time" monitoring techniques with the MRI are introduced. We recently demonstrated in ex vivo and in vivo models, a linear relationship between levels of laser energies, thermal profiles, MR signal intensity changes, and histopathological tissue damage. Results of treatment in a patient with an unresectable large right jugulodigastric metastatic squamous carcinoma using new approach of MRI guided ILP are now reported. The patient complained of significant right-sided neck pain and headaches secondary to a rapidly growing metastatic lymphadenopathy which recurred after previous surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Two treatment sessions were used at an interval of 2 weeks. Each treatment was performed in the MRI suite under heavy sedation. Using a 600-microns bare fiber of the Nd:YAG laser implanted interstitially under MR guidance, the metastatic node was treated at three sites. T1- and T2-weighted images were performed prior to, immediately after, 24 and 48 hours, and 4, 5, 7, 9, 16, and 25 days post-treatment. Successful relief of pain and growth arrest of this node was observed after the second treatment and at the 3-month follow-up. These results demonstrate that this technique of ILP guided by MRI may be feasible in humans, and will become clinically practical when appropriate methods of dosimetry and instrumentation are developed.
Pixel unmixing for hyperspectral measurement of foliar chemistry in Pacific Northwest coastal forests (2003)

Studies for the detection and mapping of variation in foliar chemistry have concentrated on the correlation of wavelength specific reflection and concentrations of foliar pigments and nutrients either through ground-based radiometric measurements or airborne data. The advantage of the former is that the scene components can be effectively controlled so that a relatively simple reflectance model can be constructed and end members extracted. In the case of using airborne data, however, the influence of scene components that mask, or subdue, the reflectance-chemical signal, may dominate. This has led to the development of methodologies for which the various scene components can readily be isolated and accounted. Pixel unmixing to isolate canopy reflectance from other scene components has long been used in the assessment of foliar characteristics and processes. Unfortunately the traditional methods of unmixing rely on distinct spectral signatures from the various scene components. This paper details a method developed to isolate the scene components when they are not spectrally dissimilar.
A hydrophilic polymer‐coated antimicrobial urethral catheter (1971)

Abstract An antibiotic eluting catheter has been designed to suppress bacteriuria associated with indwelling catheter drainage of the bladder. A coating of hydrophilicgel plastic, Hydron, is used as the vehicle from which the antimicrobial agent is locally released. In 15 dogs, indwelling Hydron‐cephalothin catheters provided a high degree of protection against bacteriuria up to 96 hr. After 48 hr, all 12 control animals became infected. In preliminary clinical trials involving 60 definitive cases Hydron‐cephalothin (Group II) and plain Hydron (Group III)‐coated indwelling catheters prevented the development of bacteriuria to a significant degree compared with uncoated latex controls (Group I). At the end of 5 days, the cumulative per cent infected for Groups I, II, and III was 75, 33, and 4.7%, respectively. Increased lubricity and reduced urethral mocosal reaction at the catheter interface promote drainage and prevent accumulation of detritus at the meatus. An indwelling antibiotic eluting catheter appears to interdict bacterial invasion of the bladder by, through, and around the catheter.
Retroviral/Lentiviral Transduction and Transformation Assay (2009)

Non-random chromosomal translocations can be found in about half of acute leukaemia patients and mostly lead to either over-expression of proto-oncogenes or creation of novel fusion genes. To assess the oncogenic potential and characterize the underlying mechanisms mediated by these candidate oncoproteins, a retroviral transduction/transformation assay (RTTA) has been successfully employed to study the biological impacts of a number of proto-oncoproteins and novel fusion proteins in primary hematopoietic cells both in vitro and in vivo. To further widen the application of the RTTA, a lentiviral transduction/transformation assay (LTTA) has also been developed to target the most quiescent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). This chapter will cover both the RTTA and LTTA for studying candidate oncogenes involved in human leukaemia.
Ultra-wideband Vivaldi arrays for see-through-wall imaging radar applications (2009)

Two Vivaldi antenna arrays have been presented. First is an 8-element tapered slot array covering 1.2 to 4 GHz band for STW applications for brick/concrete wall imaging. Second is a 16-element antipodal array operating at 8 to 10.6 GHz for high resolution imaging when penetrating through dry wall. Based on the two designs, and utilizing a smooth wide band slot to microstrip transition to feed the Vivaldi antenna array, a 1–10 GHz frequency band can be covered. Alternatively, the design can be used in a reconfigurable structure to cover either a 1–3 GHz or 8–10 GHz band. Experimental and measured results have been completed and will be discussed in detail. The designs will significantly impact the development of compact reconfigurable and portable systems.
Crystalline Fraction I Protein: Preparation in Large Yield (1972)

Abolut 1 milligram of twice-recrystallized fraction I protein of constant specific ribulose diphosphate carboxylase activity per gram of leaves (fresh weight) has been obtained from each of seven different species of Nicotiana and 14 reciprocal, interspecific F(1) hybrids. Crystals are produced from honmogenates that have only been centrifuged to remove particulate matter.
Programmed cell death in the progression of heart failure (1998)

A characteristic feature of heart failure is the progressive deterioration of left ventricular function that occurs in the absence of clinically apparent intercurrent adverse events. The mechanism or mechanisms responsible for this haemodynamic deterioration are not known but may be related to progressive intrinsic contractile dysfunction of cardiomyocytes and/or to ongoing degeneration and loss of viable cardiomyocytes. In this review we examine the concept of ongoing cardiac myocyte loss as a potential factor responsible for the progression of left ventricular dysfunction in heart failure. The discussion focuses on apoptosis or 'programmed cell death' as a potential mediator of cardiomyocyte loss. While available data support the existence of myocyte apoptosis in the failing heart, studies addressing possible physiological and molecular triggers of this process of cell death in the failing heart are lacking. As a part of the discussion, we construct a case in support of the concept that the failing myocardium is subject to regional hypoxia, an abnormality that can potentially trigger cardiomyocyte apoptosis. If loss of cardiomyocytes through apoptosis can be shown to be an important contributor to the progression of heart failure, and if the trigger of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the failing heart can be identified, the foundation would be strengthened for the development of novel, target-specific therapeutic modalities aimed at preventing, or at the very least retarding, the process of progressive ventricular dysfunction and the transition toward intractable heart failure.
UNDERWATER LOCATOR BEACON DETECTION RANGES FOR FUSELAGE ENCAPSULATED RECORDERS. (1968)

An acoustic locator beacon was developed and tested in an underwater environment simulating the conditions that might exist when an aircraft crashed into water. The beacons were self-contained, battery powered, and produced a 10 to 20 millisecond pulse of 35-40 kilohertz at a rate of 1 to 4 pulses per second. The locator beacons were designed to be attached to airborne flight data recorders to assist in investigations following a crash. The trash environmental tests were conducted using a section of an aircraft fuselage that still contained the cabin pressure bulkhead. The beacons tested were placed in two different representative locations; (1) inside the cabin pressure area and (2) aft of the pressure bulkhead in the unpressurized area. The fuselage section was lowered into sea water at depths of 50, 100, and 200 feet, off the coast of the Florida Keys. Search runs were made using a motor powered craft equipped with an acoustic locator receiver. The results indicate that the signals of a fuselage encapsulated locator beacon can be detected at reasonable surface distances (up to 3000 yards) and at depths as low as 200 feet.
Treatment of Crohn's disease patients with infliximab is detrimental for the survival of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis within macrophages and shows a remarkable decrease in the immunogenicity of mycobacterial proteins (2012)

Dear Sir,

The association between Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and Crohn's disease (CD) although debatable, is supported by several studies1 which have reported the detection or isolation of MAP from human tissues2 including serum,3 body fluids (breast milk),4 and high levels of TNF-α was found secreted by the gut mucosa in MAP-associated CD patients.5 Infliximab is a monoclonal antibody that specifically inhibits TNF-α and is used as a current therapy for CD.

Recently, Nakase et al.6 demonstrated that THP-1 cells infected with MAP induced the production of a higher amount of TNF-α when compared to macrophages infected with either Mycobacterium avium or Mycobacterium smegmatis , suggesting that MAP is directly involved in the upregulation of this cytokine.

Previously, we have reported that MAP is able to infect, reside, and multiply intracellularly in human macrophages,7,8 suggesting that the pathogen is able to subvert the host's immune response to avoid its own demise even at the earliest stage of the infection. Moreover, we have reported that CD patients,8 but not …
Compact proton accelerator utilizing an intense laser (2000)

The V p × B acceleration scheme or surfatron has an advantage for protons and/or ions acceleration in case of the phase matching between the electromagnetic wave and these particles. A new proton accelerator utilizing the transverse electric field of the laser wakefield is proposed. In the proton acceleration employing the transverse laser wakefield, we have performed the simulation. The results show that the energy gain per one stage is not large enough but the acceleration gradient is several hundred times larger than the conventional proton acceleration scheme. The proton acceleration by the transverse wakefield is more effective in lower proton energy. It will be possible to make the compact proton accelerator with these principles.
Properties and distribution of ionic conductances generating electroresponsiveness of mammalian inferior olivary neurones in vitro. (1981)

The electrophysiological properties of the high- and low-threshold Ca spikes described in inferior olivary neurones were analysed in detail. 1. During hyperpolarization the low- and high-threshold Ca action potentials can coexist as two distinct spikes, demonstrating non-mutual exclusion. 2. The high-threshold Ca spike shows a lack of refractoriness, is generated remotely from the site of recording and is composed of several all-or-none components, the last two properties suggesting a dendritic origin. 3. Hyperpolarization of the neurones allows the activation of the low-threshold Ca spike, which has activation properties resembling those of the early K conductance described in invertebrates. This low-threshold Ca spike shows refractoriness. 4. The relation between membrane polarization and low-threshold Ca spike is S-shaped. Low-threshold Ca spikes become apparent at -70 mV and have a maximum rate of rise (saturation) at polarization levels more negative than -85 mV. Thus, hyperpolarization removes a voltage-dependent Ca inactivation which is present at normal resting membrane potential (-65 mV). 5. Replacement of extracellular Ca by Ba or addition of tetraethylammonium to the bath corroborates the lack of fast inactivation for the high-threshold Ca spike and the inactivation properties of the low-threshold Ca conductance. It also demonstrates that the duration of the after-depolarization is determined by an interplay between inward Ca current and both voltage-dependent and Ca-dependent K currents. 6. Extracellular recordings from single cells indicate that the Na-dependent spike and the low-threshold Ca action potential are somatic in origin, while the high-threshold Ca spike (after-depolarization) and the hyperpolarization that follows are apparently located in the dendrites. 7. The ionic conductances comprise the main components of the oscillatory behaviour of these cells. The sequence of events leading to oscillation entails initially a low-threshold Ca spike or Na spike, followed by an after-depolarization/after-hyperpolarization sequence and then a post-anodal exaltation product by a rebound low-threshold Ca spike.
The tnpA and tnpD gene products of the Spm element are required for transposition in tobacco. (1991)

The maize Suppressor-mutator (Spm) element encodes four alternatively spliced transcripts designated tnpA, tnpB, tnpC, and tnpD. tnpA and tnpB are monocistronic, whereas tnpC and tnpD are dicistronic, and the protein-coding sequences of each transcript overlap extensively with those of one or more of the other transcripts. We have analyzed the role of the Spm-encoded gene products in element transposition by using cDNAs with a single open reading frame to (1) complement Spm elements with frameshift mutations and (2) complement each other in a tobacco transposition assay. We report that whereas the tnpA and tnpD gene products are essential for transposition, the tnpB and tnpC gene products are not. We have analyzed the structure of empty donor sites, new insertion sites, and potential transposition intermediates. We discuss the implications of our findings for the mechanism of Spm transposition.
Adaptive resonance associative map: a hierarchical ART system for fast stable associative learning (2003)

The author introduces a new class of predictive ART architectures, called the adaptive resonance associative map (ARAM), which performs rapid, yet stable heteroassociative learning in a real-time environment. ARAM can be visualized as two ART modules sharing a single recognition code layer. The unit for recruiting a recognition code is a pattern pair. Code stabilization is ensured by restricting coding to states where resonances are reached in both modules. Simulation results have shown that ARAM is capable of self-stabilizing association of arbitrary pattern pairs of arbitrary complexity appearing in arbitrary sequence by fast learning in a real-time environment. Due to the symmetrical network structure, associative recall can be performed in both directions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enzyme therapy in Fabry disease: severe adverse events associated with anti‐agalsidase cross‐reactive IgG antibodies (2009)

The negativity of immunological tests (specific anti-agalsidase IgE antibodies and skin tests) does not rule out the risk of repeated anaphylactoid shock following agalsidase infusion.
The biological activity of citrus oils (2002)

Citrus oils are largely employed as aromatizers in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In particular, lemon and bergamot essential oils are used in the cosmetic industry,
for the production of perfumes, detergents and body-care products, mostly thanks to
their fragrance and solvent properties. Besides, they are present in various pharmaceutical
preparations for gynaecological, ophthalmic and surgical use, as also in dentistry,
because of their well-known antiseptic properties. Apart from being used as disinfectants, thanks to just these antimicrobial properties, recent studies point out the possibility of employing citrus essential oils and/or their active principles in clinical fields
(also due to their wide range of activity and their reduced resistance phenomena), but
also as preservatives in the food industry and as alternative pesticides in integrated
programmes.
Hydrogels that mimic developmentally relevant matrix and N-cadherin interactions enhance MSC chondrogenesis (2013)

Methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels provide a backbone polymer with which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can interact through several cell surface receptors that are expressed by MSCs, including CD44 and CD168. Previous studies showed that this 3D hydrogel environment supports the chondrogenesis of MSCs, and here we demonstrate through functional blockade that these specific cell-material interactions play a role in this process. Beyond matrix interactions, cadherin molecules, a family of transmembrane glycoproteins, play a critical role in tissue development during embryogenesis, and N-cadherin is a key factor in mediating cell-cell interactions during mesenchymal condensation and chondrogenesis. In this study, we functionalized HA hydrogels with N-cadherin mimetic peptides and evaluated their role in regulating chondrogenesis and cartilage matrix deposition by encapsulated MSCs. Our results show that conjugation of cadherin peptides onto HA hydrogels promotes both early chondrogenesis of MSCs and cartilage-specific matrix production with culture, compared with unmodified controls or those with inclusion of a scrambled peptide domain. This enhanced chondrogenesis was abolished via treatment with N-cadherin-specific antibodies, confirming the contribution of these N-cadherin peptides to chondrogenesis. Subcutaneous implantation of MSC-seeded constructs also showed superior neocartilage formation in implants functionalized with N-cadherin mimetic peptides compared with controls. This study demonstrates the inherent biologic activity of HA-based hydrogels, as well as the promise of biofunctionalizing HA hydrogels to emulate the complexity of the natural cell microenvironment during embryogenesis, particularly in stem cell-based cartilage regeneration.
Predicting User Engagement on Twitter with Real-World Events (2021)

People invest time, attention, and emotion while engaging in various activities in the real-world, for either purposes of awareness or participation. Social media platforms such as Twitter offer tremendous opportunities for people to become engaged in such real-world events through information sharing and communicating about these events. However, little is understood about the factors that affect people's Twitter engagement in such real-world events. In this paper, we address this question by first operationalizing a person's Twitter engagement in real-world events such as posting, retweeting, or replying to tweets about such events. Next, we construct statistical models that examine multiple predictive factors associated with four different perspectives of users' Twitter engagement, and quantify their potential influence on predicting the (i) presence; and (ii) degree — of the user's engagement with 643 real-world events. We also consider the effect of these factors with respect to a finer granularization of the different categories of events. We find that the measures of people's prior Twitter activities, topical interests, geolocation, and social network structures are all variously correlated to their engagement with real-world events.
Nitrogen Fixation Revisited on Iron(0) Dinitrogen Phosphine Complexes (2015)

A reinvestigation of the treatment of [Fe(N2)(PP)2] (PP = depe, dmpe) with acid revealed no ammonium formation. Instead, rapid protonation at the metal center to give hydride complexes was observed. Treatment of [Fe(N2)(dmpe)2] with methylating agents such as methyl triflate or methyl tosylate resulted in methylation of the metal center to afford [FeMe(N2)(dmpe)2](+). Treatment of [Fe(N2)(dmpe)2] with trimethylsilyl triflate, however, resulted in reaction at dinitrogen affording NH4(+) on subsequent treatment with acid. The side-on bound hydrazine complex [Fe(N2H4)(dmpe)2](2+) and bis(ammonia) complex [Fe(NH3)2(dmpe)2](2+) were identified by (15)N NMR spectroscopy as other species formed in the reaction mixture.
Electrical and Plasma Parameters of ICP with High Coupling Efficiency (2010)

A novel design of ICP with high coupling efficiency is presented. The efficiency augmentation is achieved using a thin window and an antenna coil enhanced by a ferromagnetic core. Considerable improvement of ICP electrical and plasma characteristics is demonstrated through experiments in ICP operated at 2MHz in a wide range of argon gas pressures between 1mTorr and 1Torr, and discharge power between 15W and 0.5KW. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Regeneration and bioengineering of transplantable abdominal organs: current status and future challenges (2012)

The success of RM to generate transplantable abdominal organs relies heavily on progress in (stem) cell therapies, developmental and ECM biology, and in the thorough understanding of the intricate relationship and interplay between cells and the ECM. This will require enormous investments in financial and medical resources, which ideally should be embarked upon by governments, the private sector and academia.
Nutrient content claims, promotional characters and premium offers: The effects of marketing on food preferences and food choices of children and adolescents (2014)

Scientific evidence from Australia and internationally has shown that children and adolescents are exposed to high levels of food marketing. This is concerning as the large majority of promoted products are high in fat, added sugar and/or salt. This means that the 'advertised diet' is usually the opposite of dietary recommendations, which advise that these types of foods should only be eaten sometimes and in small amounts. Specifically, the most commonly promoted foods and drinks are sugary breakfast cereals, high-fat savoury snacks (e.g. chips and crackers), fast food restaurants, confectionery and sugary drinks, such as soft drink.