gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Pattern of Bone Erosion in the Hand and Wrist in Rheumatoid Arthritis (1965)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic disease of connective tissue affecting many organs and structures in addition to the bones and joints. Its outstanding clinical manifestation is a chronic deforming arthritis, particularly of the hands and wrists. The chief lesion is a proliferative synovitis, of both joints and tendon sheaths, with synovial inflammation and hyperplasia often developing into large nodular masses. Although much has been written about the general radiographic features of this disease (1–4), apparently little is known concerning the pathogenesis of the bone erosions. Vague references to “malignant synovitis” and “invasion by synovium” contribute little toward recognizing the factors involved in this process. The bone lesions in rheumatoid arthritis do not develop in a haphazard manner. Their pattern is in fact characteristic and predictable (5). In this study x-ray films of the hands and wrists of patients with rheumatoid arthritis were analyzed to define this pattern more precisely in terms of anatomic and functional factors. Method One hundred consecutive clinic patients with rheumatoid arthritis were selected, and routine films of the hands and wrists, with non-screen technic, were obtained. A number were recalled for special projections. The medical records were reviewed in all cases and the diagnoses confirmed. The majority of patients had been followed for years, and prior films were often available for comparison. The radiographic characteristics and sites of predilection of the bone erosions were studied. The hands and wrists of two cadavers and one necropsied patient with rheumatoid arthritis were examined in an effort to correlate the radiographic findings with the anatomy. At times the earliest films showed such advanced disease as to preclude the evaluation of certain features which may have been present earlier. In some patients the hands and wrists were little or not at all affected. Therefore, the quantitative features of this study are not to be taken as absolute measures. Obviously such values depend on the severity of the disease in the selected patients, the follow-up period, and the frequency of radiologic examination. Certain pitfalls in a study of this type deserve emphasis. Routine views of the hands and wrists present many blind spots. Not only are there irregular bone surfaces which are difficult to project advantageously, but there is much super-imposition in oblique and lateral projections. Furthermore, in patients with advanced arthritic deformities various bones show rotational changes which make evaluation difficult. Needless to say, recognition of these drawbacks prompted great caution in interpretation. Clinical Aspects Of the 100 patients studied, 69 were females.
Patient Perceptions of Factors That Affect Adherence to Dietary Regimens for Diabetes Mellitus (1997)

The purpose of this study was to identify how selected factors influence patient use of diet regimens for diabetes and to determine the effect of demographic characteristics. A survey was conducted using a 75-item questionnaire designed to collect responses from people with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Frequency distributions and chi-square analyses were performed on the survey data. Five significant relationships were identified: (1) age and emotions, (2) age and schedule, (3) gender and emotions, (4) use of a diet plan and being told why to control diet, and (5) use of a diet plan and return for follow-up education. Dietitians need to consider demographic characteristics to tailor education sessions and to focus on improving communication with patients to increase their understanding of diabetes. This study showed that increased education promoted increased adherence to dietary recommendations.
Hybrid Statistical Link Simulation Technique (2011)

Accurate analysis of link performance including deterministic and random effects as well as advanced signal conditioning schemes is crucial in modern high-speed I/O design. In recent years, statistical link performance tools such as LinkLab and StatEye are introduced to efficiently analyze the overall link performance with both deterministic and random noise. The statistical-domain analysis has limitations in terms of its capability of accurately simulating system nonlinearity, jitter, as well as coding. In this paper, we present a new hybrid approach that combines statistical and time-domain techniques to efficiently overcome these limitations. The proposed method has several key contributions: 1) capture system nonlinearity; 2) separately simulate short-term deterministic jitter in the time domain and long-term deterministic and random jitter in the statistical domain; 3) co-simulate clock and data channels to capture jitter tracking; and 4) co-simulate signal and power integrity to include simultaneous switching output noise. We demonstrate this hybrid approach by studying the jitter tracking capability of a clock forwarding scheme and the effectiveness of coding in terms of system bit error rate.
Recombinant collagen polypeptide as a versatile bone graft biomaterial (2020)

Abstract Autografts and allografts are currently considered the gold standard for grafting surgery; however, to meet the growing demand in fast-aging societies, synthetic biomaterials will play an increasingly important role. Here we report a biodegradable scaffold material composed of recombinant polypeptide based on the human type I collagen alpha 1 chain (RCPhC1) as a source of hydrogel-based graft materials. The flexibility to engineer ideal characteristics for bone grafts was demonstrated. The critical internal isotropic pore structure was generated through a designed thin-layer freeze casting process. The optimized biodegradation rate was controlled by dehydrothermal crosslinking by adjusting the amino acid composition of RCPhC1. As a result, RCPhC1 bone grafts manufactured by a highly scalable streamlined production protocol induced robust regeneration of mature bone tissue while being completely resorbed in pre-clinical animal models.
LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio in subjects with cardiovascular disease and a low HDL‐C: results of the RADAR (Rosuvastatin and Atorvastatin in different Dosages And Reverse cholesterol transport) study (2005)

Rosuvastatin 10, 20 and 40 mg is significantly more effective than atorvastatin 20, 40 and 80 mg, respectively, in improving the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio in patients with cardiovascular disease and low HDL-C. Further studies are required to clarify the benefits of rosuvastatin for reduction of cardiovascular risk.
[Method of determining the molar concentration of proteinase inhibitors and their affinity for the enzymes]. (1983)

This paper describes a graphic method for measuring the affinity and molar concentration of proteinase inhibitors from different sources, using data on the titration of the inhibitor by the enzyme of a known molar concentration. Linearization of experimental data in the (formula; see text) coordinates makes it possible to measure the value Ki with respect to the slope of the curve and to determine the inhibitor concentration with respect to the curve intercept with the ordinate axis. The method can be used to characterize proteinase inhibitors during microbial screening and at certain purification stages.
A Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Evaluation of Intranasal Metoclopramide in the Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (1996)

Nausea and vomiting are common complaints in the postoperative period and contribute to patient distress and delay of discharge for outpatient surgical procedures. Laparoscopic procedures are associated with a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) episodes. Parenteral use of metoclopramide prevents and treats PONV. The intranasal route provides rapid and complete absorption of metoclopramide without many of the adverse effects observed with parenteral administration of the drug. We performed a prospective, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of metoclopramide 20 mg administered intranasally for emetic prophylaxis in laparoscopic surgery patients. The results from 109 patients enrolled in the study showed that this intranasal dose of metoclopramide may be ineffective in preventing the occurrence of PONV. The poor performance of the intranasal metoclopramide formulation in this study cannot be attributed to patient-specific and perioperative factors. It may be due to an inadequate dose or slow absorption of the drug. The small sample size, however, may also have been a factor.
[Mucocele of the appendix. Sonographic, computed tomographic and radiologic characteristics]. (1990)

The knowledge of the diagnostic imaging methods features of the mucocele of the appendix is important for a correct preoperative diagnosis, especially to avoid the formation of pseudomyxoma peritonei. A case of a mucocele of the appendix with a special sonographic appearance by a patient with an additional carcinoma of the left kidney is reported. The computer-tomographic and radiological features of the mucocele (plain abdominal film, i.v. urography, barium enema) are presented and discussed with a review of the literature. A sonographically-guided fine-needle puncture of the mucocele was performed. Its importance for the diagnosis is discussed.
Inhibition of the Protease Activity of the Light Chain of Type A Botulinum Neurotoxin by Aqueous Extract from Stinging Nettle (<i>Urtica dioica</i>) Leaf (2004)

We investigated the inhibitory effect of stinging nettle leaf extract on the protease activity of botulinum neurotoxin type A and B light chains. The nettle leaf infusion was fractionated and HPLC-based enzymatic assays were performed to determine the capacity of each fraction to inhibit the protease activity of botulinum neurotoxin type A and B light chains. Assay results demonstrated that a water-soluble fraction obtained from the nettle leaf infusion inhibited type A, but did not inhibit type B light chain protease activity. The inhibition mode of water soluble fraction against protease activity of type A light chain was analyzed and found to be a non-competitive.
Field oriented control development for brushless doubly-fed machines (2002)

The brushless doubly-fed machine (BDFM) is robust and economic for variable speed applications due to its structure and reduced converter size requirement. Although scalar controls are appropriate for low performance operation, novel control strategies are needed for improved dynamic response. A rotor flux oriented control method is formulated in this paper utilizing BDFM synchronous angle information. Experimental results on a proof-of-concept system show the method's effectiveness. The method is simple and its complexity is comparable to vector controllers for conventional induction machines.
Synthesis of an <sup>18</sup>F‐labelled high affinity <i>β</i><sub>1</sub>‐adrenoceptor PET radioligand based on ICI 89,406 (2006)

Abstract To date, some non‐selective β ‐adrenoceptor ( β ‐AR) positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands are in clinical use, but no PET radioligand for the selective imaging of cardiac β 1 ‐ARs is clinically available. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a potential high‐affinity PET radioligand for the β 1 ‐subtype of ARs. Here, the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of ( S )‐ and ( R )‐ N ‐[2‐[3‐(2‐cyano‐phenoxy)‐2‐hydroxy‐propylamino]‐ethyl]‐ N ′‐[4‐(2‐fluoro‐ethoxy)‐phenyl]‐urea ( 8a–b ), derivatives of the well‐characterized β 1 ‐AR selective antagonist, ICI 89,406, are described. The ( S )‐isomer 8a shows both higher β 1 ‐AR selectivity and β 1 ‐AR affinity than the ( R )‐enantiomer 8b (selectivity: 40 800 vs 1580; affinity: K I1 =0.049 nM vs K I1 =0.297 nM). Therefore, the 18 F‐labelled analogue 8e of compound 8a was synthesized. While the direct nucleophilic 18 F‐fluorination of the tosylate precursor 8d produced 8e in low radiochemical yields (⩽2.9% decay‐corrected) and specific activities (⩽3.5 GBq/µmol at the end of synthesis (EOS), n =9) the alternative two‐step synthesis of 8e from ethylene glycol di ‐ p ‐tosylate 9 , [ 18 F]fluoride ion and phenol precursor 8f gave satisfying results (16.4±3.2% radiochemical yield (decay‐corrected), 99.7±0.5% radiochemical purity, 40±8 GBq/µmol specific activity at the EOS within 174±3 min from the end of bombardment (EOB) ( n =5)). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and Characterization of a Sac Domain-containing Phosphoinositide 5-Phosphatase (2001)

We have characterized a novel Sac domain-containing inositol phosphatase, hSac2. It was ubiquitously expressed but especially abundant in the brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and kidney. Unlike other Sac domain-containing proteins, hSac2 protein exhibited 5-phosphatase activity specific for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. This is the first time that the Sac domain has been reported to possess 5-phosphatase activity. Its 5-phosphatase activity for phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (K(m) = 14.3 microm) was comparable with those of Type II 5-phosphatases. These results imply that hSac2 functions as an inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase.
Guiding goal modeling using scenarios (1998)

Even though goal modeling is an effective approach to requirements engineering, it is known to present a number of difficulties in practice. The paper discusses these difficulties and proposes to couple goal modeling and scenario authoring to overcome them. Whereas existing techniques use scenarios to concretize goals, we use them to discover goals. Our proposal is to define enactable rules which form the basis of a software environment called L'Ecritoire to guide the requirements elicitation process through interleaved goal modeling and scenario authoring. The focus of the paper is on the discovery of goals from scenarios. The discovery process is centered around the notion of a requirement chunk (RC) which is a pair <Goal, Scenario>. The paper presents the notion of RC, the rules to support the discovery of RCs and illustrates the application of the approach within L'Ecritoire using the ATM example. It also evaluates the potential practical benefits expected from the use of the approach.
Peptidomics-Based Discovery of Novel Neuropeptides (2003)

Modern proteomic methodologies have significantly improved the possibilities of large-scale identification of proteins. However, these methodologies are limited by their inability to reliably detect endogenously expressed peptides. We describe a novel approach of combining sample preparation, comprising focused microwave irradiation and mass spectrometric peptide profiling that has enabled us to simultaneously detect more than 550 endogenous neuropeptides in 1 mg of hypothalamic extracts. Automatic switching tandem mass spectrometry and amino acid sequence determination of the peptides showed that they consist of both novel and previously described neuropeptides. The methodology includes virtual visualization of the peptides as two- and three-dimensional image maps. In addition, several novel and known post-translational modifications of the neuropeptides were identified. The peptidomic approach proved to be a powerful method for investigating endogenous peptides and their post-translational modifications in complex tissues such as the brain. It is anticipated that this approach will complement proteomic methods in the future.
Building a visual ontology for video retrieval (2005)

To ensure access to growing video collections, annotation is becoming more and more important using background knowledge in the form of ontologies or thesauri is a way to facilitate annotation in a broad domain. Current ontologies are not suitable for (semi-) automatic annotation of visual resources as they contain little visual information about the concepts they describe. We investigate how an ontology that does contain visual information can facilitate annotation in a broad domain and identify requirements that a visual ontology has to meet. Based on these requirements, we create a visual ontology out of two existing knowledge corpora (WordNet and MPEG-7) by creating links between visual and general concepts. We test performance of the ontology on 40 shots of news video, and discuss the added value of each visual property.
Real-time concurrent collection on stock multiprocessors (1988)

We've designed and implemented a copying garbage-collection algorithm that is efficient, real-time, concurrent, runs on commercial uniprocessors and shared-memory multiprocessors, and requires no change to compilers. The algorithm uses standard virtual-memory hardware to detect references to “from space” objects and to synchronize the collector and mutator threads. We've implemented and measured a prototype running on SRC's 5-processor Firefly. It will be straightforward to merge our techniques with generational collection. An incremental, non-concurrent version could be implemented easily on many versions of Unix.
STAGGERED LINE ARRAYS IN PUSHBROOM CAMERAS: THEORY AND APPLICATION (2000)

Using pushbroom sensors onboard aircrafts or satellites one needs - especially for photogrammetric applications - broad image swaths and high geometrical resolution together. To accomplish both demands staggered line arrays can be used. A staggered line array consists of two identical CCD lines with one shifted half a pixel with respect to the other. Today such sensors are available in the VIS/NIR spectral region with 2 x 12000 pixels (staggered CCD line arrays) and in the mid and thermal infrared with 2 x 512 pixels (staggered MCT line arrays). These sensors will be applied in spaceborne remote sensing missions (small satellite BIRD and International Space Station project FOCUS, both for hot spot detection and evaluation), in experimental airborne systems (with the Infrared Airborne Camera HSRS of the Institute of Space Sensor Technology and Planetary Exploration) and, most important, in the first commercial Airborne Digital Camera (ADC, new name: ADS40) of LH Systems. The paper presents the theory, some results of the simulation, examples with real imaging systems in the laboratory and on aircrafts.
Alkali Burn to the Eye (2014)

This study shows that alkali corneal burns can induce significant retinal damage within 24 hours. A single dose of anti-TNF-α antibody, administered 15 minutes after inflicting the burn, provides significant retinal and corneal protection. This could lead to the discovery of novel therapies for patients with alkali injuries.
GENERATION OF VECTOR PATTERNS THROUGH RESEEDING OF MULTIPLE-POLYNOMIAL LINEAR FEEDBACK SHIFT REGISTERS (1992)

. In this paper we perform a comparative analysis of the encoding efficiency of BIST schemes based on reseeding of single polynomial LFSR&apos;s as well as LFSR&apos;s with fully programmable polynomials. Full programmability gives much better encoding efficiency. For a testcube with s carebits we need only s+4 bits in contrast to s+19 bits for reseeding of single polynomials, but since it involves solving systems of nonlinear equations it is not applicable to realistic cases. We propose a new BIST scheme where the generator can operate according to a number of primitive polynomials. The testcubes are encoded as the polynomial identifier and a seed. We present models of the encoding efficiency of this scheme and demonstrate, both theoretically and through extensive simulations, that such a scheme with 16 polynomials approaches the efficiency of the scheme based on full polynomial programmability, essentially preserving the computational simplicity of single reseeding. 1. Introduction One of the...
Antidiabetic Effect of Oleanolic Acid: A Promising Use of a Traditional Pharmacological Agent (2011)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Although the clear mechanisms of DM and insulin resistance are still to be cleared, it has been well documented that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in DM and multiple types of insulin resistance. For the past few years, natural substances have been shown to have the potential to treatment DM. Attention has been especially focused on plants rich in triterpenoids, which generally show antioxidant and antiglycation effect. In our previous studies, it was shown that oleanolic acid (OA), a natural triterpenoid and an aglycone of many saponins, is a potent antioxidant acting as not only a free radical-scavenger through direct chemical reactions but also as a biological molecule, which may enhance the antioxidant defenses. The present study aimed to investigate the potential antidiabetic effect of OA. Oleanolic acid showed a significant blood glucose-lowering and weight-losing effect in diabetic animals induced by streptozotocin (STZ). In the insulin resistant model, it was also shown that OA may promote insulin signal transduction and inhibit oxidative stress-induced hepatic insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis, in which process the phosphorylation of ERK and the protective effect on mitochondrial function may be involved. These findings may significantly better the understanding of the pharmacological actions of OA and advance therapeutic approaches to DM.
Growth hormone-releasing factor enhances sleep in rats and rabbits (1988)

Previously, it was suggested that a hypothalamic mechanism links somatotropin [growth hormone (GH)] secretion to sleep regulation, and this may explain the temporal correlation between GH release and nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) on sleep onset. The purpose of these experiments was to study whether growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF), a hypothalamic peptide responsible for stimulation of GH secretion, also has the capacity to promote sleep in rats and rabbits. Artificial cerebrospinal fluid or GRF (human GRF-[1-40], 0.01, 0.1, and 1 nmol/kg) was intracerebroventricularly injected to rats at dark onset, and the electroencephalogram (EEG), brain temperature (Tbr), and motor activity were recorded for 24 h. Rabbits received the same doses of GRF during the light period, and sleep-wake activity was monitored for 6 h. GRF promoted NREMS and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and increased EEG slow-wave activity in both rats and rabbits. NREMS increased in postinjection hour 1 after low doses of GRF, whereas the effect was more prolonged after higher doses. REMS increased in response to the low and middle doses of GRF in postinjection hour 1 in rats and in hour 2 after each dose in rabbits. The diurnal rhythms of sleep-wake activity, motor activity, and Tbr were not affected in rats. Because GRF promotes sleep and also stimulates GH secretion, it is a likely candidate for linking GH secretion and sleep regulation.
Controlling the Interaction between Light and Gold Nanoparticles: Selective Suppression of Extinction (2001)

The interaction of visible light with the particle-plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles can be controlled by geometrical arrangement of nanoparticle arrays. These arrays are placed on a substrate that supports guided modes in the wavelength range of the particle plasmon. Coupling of this particle-plasmon resonance to the directly incident light and to the waveguide modes results in almost complete suppression of light extinction within narrow spectral bands due to destructive interference. Variation of the structure parameters allows continuous tuning of these high-transmission bands across the particle-plasmon resonance.