gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune pancreatic disease: Preparation of pancreatic juice for proteome analysis (2001)

The identification of pancreatic proteins is generally hampered by the high content and activity of proteases produced by this organ. The aim of this work was the development of a protocol for the analysis of pancreatic juice by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis allowing consistent and reproducible protein analysis encompassed by high-resolution protein 2-D maps and subtle protein spot recognition without substantial losses due to proteases. Immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips were used for the first dimension, the second dimension was performed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). However, the key step was the sample preparation technique. Improvements were achieved by using several protease inhibitors (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, aprotinin, L-1-chloro-3-[4-tosyl-amido]-7-amino-2-heptanine (TLCK)-HCI, Complete) to prevent degradation of the proteins. The application of different pH-ranges was a valuable step for getting an overview of the expressed protein pattern. These investigations resulted in well-resolved 2-D maps with a high reproducibility.
Synthesis and Characterization of PZN-PT Materials (1986)

Compositions near the morphotropic boundary in the Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)03-PbTiO3 system were synthesized from the melt and analyzed. Up to four mol% variation in the PbTi03 component was found in meltsynthesized crystals, and both rhombohedral and tetragonal phases coexist in the region n ear the morphotropic boundary defined by earlier researchers. Powders made from the melt-synthesized crystals were used to make ceramics. Compositions of individual grains in the ceramics are the same as those of the starting powders, and up to 85% of the perovskite phase remains after firing. Individual grains of ZnO appear at grain boundaries, w ith or without a lead-rich phase, depending on the synthesis conditions. A pyrochlore phase forms that is not generally a ssociated with PbO or ZnO phases and is more concentrated n ear the outer surfaces of the ceramic pellets. Electrical properties are presented and possible approaches to increasing the amount of perovskite are discussed. INTRODUCT ION
Spectral Envelopes and Inverse FFT Synthesis (1992)

This preprint has been reproduced from the author&apos;s advance manuscript, without editing, corrections or consideration by the Review Board. The AES takes no responsibility for the contents, Additional preprints may be obtained by sending request and remittance to the Audio Engineering Society, 60 East 42nd St.,
Identification of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from swine with diarrhea in Thailand by colony hybridization, using three enterotoxin gene probes (1983)

The DNA colony hybridization assay was used to identify enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli among E. coli isolated from 803 swine with diarrhea at 10 farms in Thailand. Between 5 September and 8 December 1981, enterotoxigenic E. coli were identified in 40% of 58 litters of piglets under 10 days old and 17% of 29 litters between 10 and 21 days old with diarrhea at farms at four different locations in Thailand. All E. coli that hybridized with one or more of the three enterotoxin gene probes produced heat-labile or heat-stable toxin or both, as determined by testing culture supernatants in the Y1 adrenal and suckling mouse assays. The DNA colony hybridization technique is a specific method of identifying enterotoxigenic E. coli from swine and can be used to further characterize these enteric pathogens.
The Curious Legal Career of Homer L. Collyer (2007)

Robert Jarvis, The Curious Legal Career of Homer L. Collyer, 38 Journal of Maritime Law & Commerce 571 (2007). In 1947, Homer and Langley Collyer were found dead inside their New York City mansion, buried under more than 100 tons of junk. As a result, the term "Collyer Brothers" is now widely used to denote compulsive hoarding. This essay investigates the oft-made claim that Homer Collyer was a maritime lawyer and discovers he actually was a property lawyer.
Allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor-modified cells for adoptive cell therapy of cancer (2014)

CAR-modified allogeneic cells have the potential to act as universal effector cells, which can be administered to any patient regardless of MHC type. Such universal effector cells could be used as an 'off-the-shelf' cell-mediated treatment for cancer.
Study of an Inductive Sensor for Measuring High Frequency Current Pulses (2010)

The objective of this paper is to present a simple sensor based on Faraday's Law together with an integration and amplifying stage and used this for measuring fast current pulses. Its behavior in time and frequency is tested by measuring Partial Discharges (PD) in electric insulation systems following the guidelines given in the standard IEC 60270. The measurements are also taken with two other sensors, a commercial high frequency current transformer and a resistive transducer, with the aim of comparing the results obtained with the proposed probe and obtaining an estimation of its sensitivity. An estimation of the uncertainty of the measurements is also calculated obtaining an error similar to other commercial devices.
KCNE1 enhances phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP <sub>2</sub> ) sensitivity of I <sub> <i>Ks</i> </sub> to modulate channel activity (2011)

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) is necessary for the function of various ion channels. The potassium channel, I(Ks), is important for cardiac repolarization and requires PIP(2) to activate. Here we show that the auxiliary subunit of I(Ks), KCNE1, increases PIP(2) sensitivity 100-fold over channels formed by the pore-forming KCNQ1 subunits alone, which effectively amplifies current because native PIP(2) levels in the membrane are insufficient to activate all KCNQ1 channels. A juxtamembranous site in the KCNE1 C terminus is a key structural determinant of PIP(2) sensitivity. Long QT syndrome associated mutations of this site lower PIP(2) affinity, resulting in reduced current. Application of exogenous PIP(2) to these mutants restores wild-type channel activity. These results reveal a vital role of PIP(2) for KCNE1 modulation of I(Ks) channels that may represent a common mechanism of auxiliary subunit modulation of many ion channels.
Microvoids as Pigments. A Review (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrovoids as Pigments. A ReviewJerome A. SeinerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1978, 17, 4, 302–317Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360068a005https://doi.org/10.1021/i360068a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Effects of temperature on cell membranes. (1988)

The plasma membrane and cytoplasmic membranes of plants, like those of animal cells, are composed of lipids and proteins that are often glycosylated. Likewise, the composition from one membrane type to another is highly heterogeneous. There is some evidence to suggest that the composition, particularly of the lipid component, may change in response to environmental conditions such as temperature, water stress, etc. as well as during growth, development and ultimately senescence of the cell. It is believed that these changes are required to adjust the physical characteristics of membrane structures so that they may perform their necessary physiological tasks when environmental factors change. If the environmental conditions are altered beyond the normal limits within which the plant survives, the cell membranes are often found to undergo gross structural changes. These structural perturbations include phase separation of the membrane constituents and are associated with characteristic disturbances of function such as loss of selective permeability and transport processes. In most instances, the observed phase separations appear to be driven by phase changes in the membrane lipids. Some lipids extracted from algae and plant membranes are known to exist in a bilayer gel phase when dispersed in aqueous systems at the growth temperature while other lipid fractions are in a liquid-crystalline state. Nearly all membranes contain varying proportions of their lipid complement that do not form bilayer structures under such conditions and most commonly adopt an hexagonal-II arrangement. In this review the importance of lipid phase behaviour is discussed in the context of membrane stability at different temperatures.
Nosocomial infections in the intensive care unit: Incidence, risk factors, outcome and associated pathogens in a public tertiary teaching hospital of Eastern India (2015)

Nosocomial infections increase morbidity of hospitalized patients. These findings can be utilized for planning nosocomial infection surveillance program in our setting.
Pitfalls in the design and manufacture of infant formulae (1994)

The composition of modern infant formulae is basically oriented on the "golden standard" human milk and influenced by several official regulations and recommendations (EC, ESPGAN, etc.). This article will focus on two recent improvements in the field of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPs) and protein hydrolysates. The addition of LCPs for preterm formulae was recommended recently by ESPGAN (the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition). Our research has focused on this problem for many years and we have found a good source of LCPs using specially prepared egg-yolk lipids. Others have used fish oils and run into the problem of growth retardation. Therefore, the possible sources of LCPs have to be discussed very critically and the alternatives will be shown. Also, new developments like the use of single-cell oils will be discussed. Second, the use of protein hydrolysates have been introduced for the so-called hypoantigenic or hypoallergenic formulae. Hypoantigenic formulae for preventive use have to be differentiated clearly from hypoallergenic formulae for treatment of proved cows' milk protein allergy. The problems of designing suitable hydrolysates that are low in antigenicity and good in taste will be outlined. The determination of the molecular weight distribution by gel chromatography will be compared critically with the newer techniques. The ELISA technique for testing the antigenicity is recommended before any in vivo evaluation. So far, the anaphylactic guinea-pig model is the most sensitive in vivo testing method. Summing up, modern infant formulae manufacture is much more dependent on modern laboratory techniques, which have to be chosen critically and must be adapted to the newest state of the art.
Homodyne crosstalk performance of reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (2002)

We compare the homodyne crosstalk performance of three reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers. We find different statistical distributions of power penalty for each structure. These distributions depend on network size and capacity, indicating that different structures are more appropriate for different network applications.
Using satellite hyperspectral imagery to map soil organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus (2008)

Up-to-date and accurate information on soil properties is important for precision farming and environmental management. The spatial information of soil properties allows adjustments of fertilizer applications to be made based on knowledge of local field conditions, thereby maximizing agricultural productivity and minimizing the risk of environmental pollution. While conventional soil sampling procedures are labor-intensive, time-consuming and expensive, remote sensing techniques provide a rapid and efficient tool for mapping soil properties. This study aimed at examining the capacity of hyperspectral reflectance data for mapping soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (N) and total phosphorus (P). Soil samples collected from Eagle Creek Watershed, Cicero Creek Watershed, and Fall Creek Watershed were analyzed for organic matter content, total N and total P; their corresponding spectral reflectance was measured in the laboratory before and after oven drying and in the field using Analytical Spectral Devices spectrometer. Hyperion images for each of the watersheds were acquired, calibrated and corrected and Hyperion image spectra for individual sampled sites were extracted. These hyperspectral reflectance data were related to SOM, total N and total P concentration through partial least squares (PLS) regressions. The samples were split into two datasets: one for calibration, and the other for validation. High PLS performance was observed during the calibration for SOM and total N regardless of the type of the reflectance spectra, and for total P with Hyperion image spectra. The validation of PLS models was carried out with each type of reflectance to assess their predictive power. For laboratory reflectance spectra, PLS models of SOM and total N resulted in higher R2 values and lower RMSEP with oven-dried than those with field-moist soils. The results demonstrate that soil moisture degrades the performance of PLS in estimating soil constituents with spectral reflectance. For in-situ field spectra, PLS estimated SOM with an R2 of 0.74, N with an R2 of 0.79, and P with an R2 of 0.60. For Hyperion image spectra, PLS predictive models yielded an R2 of 0.74 between measured and predicted SOM, an R2 of 0.72 between measured and predicted total N, and an R2 of 0.67 between measured and predicted total P. These results reveal slightly decreased model performance when shifting from laboratory-measured spectra to satellite image spectra. Regardless of the spectral data, the models for estimating SOM and total N consistently outperformed those for estimating total P. These results also indicate that PLS is an effective tool for remotely estimating SOM, total N and P in agricultural soils, but more research is needed to improve the predictive power of the model when applied to satellite hyperspectral imagery.
<title>All-dry resist processes for 193-nm lithography</title> (1995)

We report on two different all-dry resist schemes for 193-nm lithography, one negative tone and one positive tone. Our negative tone resist is an extension of our initial work on all-dry photoresists. This scheme employs a bilayer in which the imaging layer is formed by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) from tetramethylsilane (TMS) and deposited onto PECVD carbon-based planarizing layers. Figure 1 shows SEMs of dark field and light field octagons patterned in projection on Lincoln Laboratory's 0.5-NA 193-nm Micrascan system. These 0.225-micrometers and 0.200-micrometers line and space features were obtained at a dose of approximately 58 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Dry development of the exposed resist was accomplished using Cl<SUB>2</SUB> chemistry in a helicon high-ion-density etching tool. Pattern transfer was performed in the helicon tool with oxygen-based chemistries. Recently, we have also developed an all-dry positive-tone silylation photoresist. This photoresist is a PECVD carbon-based polymer which is crosslinked by 193-nm exposure, enabling selective silylation similar to that initially reported by Hartney et al., with spin-applied polymers. In those polymers, for example polyvinylphenol, the silylation site concentration is fixed by the hydroxyl groups on the polymer precursors, thus limiting the silicon uptake per unit volume. With PECVD polymers, the total concentration of silylation sites and their depth can be tailored by varying plasma species as a function of time during the deposition. This affords the possibility of greater silicon uptake per unit volume and better depth control of the silylation profile. Figure 2 shows a SEM of 0.5-micrometers features patterned in plasma deposited silylation resist.
VoiceMask: Anonymize and Sanitize Voice Input on Mobile Devices (2017)

Voice input has been tremendously improving the user experience of mobile devices by freeing our hands from typing on the small screen. Speech recognition is the key technology that powers voice input, and it is usually outsourced to the cloud for the best performance. However, the cloud might compromise users' privacy by identifying their identities by voice, learning their sensitive input content via speech recognition, and then profiling the mobile users based on the content. In this paper, we design an intermediate between users and the cloud, named VoiceMask, to sanitize users' voice data before sending it to the cloud for speech recognition. We analyze the potential privacy risks and aim to protect users' identities and sensitive input content from being disclosed to the cloud. VoiceMask adopts a carefully designed voice conversion mechanism that is resistant to several attacks. Meanwhile, it utilizes an evolution-based keyword substitution technique to sanitize the voice input content. The two sanitization phases are all performed in the resource-limited mobile device while still maintaining the usability and accuracy of the cloud-supported speech recognition service. We implement the voice sanitizer on Android systems and present extensive experimental results that validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our app. It is demonstrated that we are able to reduce the chance of a user's voice being identified from 50 people by 84% while keeping the drop of speech recognition accuracy within 14.2%.
Cobaltocenium Fluoride: A Novel Source of "Naked" Fluoride Formed by Carbon-Fluorine Bond Activation in a Saturated Perfluorocarbon (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCobaltocenium Fluoride: A Novel Source of "Naked" Fluoride Formed by Carbon-Fluorine Bond Activation in a Saturated PerfluorocarbonBrian K. Bennett, Roger G. Harrison, and Thomas G. RichmondCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 24, 11165–11166Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00103a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00103a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1187Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Remaining-Oil Determination Using Nuclear Magnetism Logging (1989)

Summary The determination of the volume of remaining oil in a reservoir is a key ingredient in planning future oil recovery operations. Nuclear Magnetism Logging (NML™) is an openhole wireline logging method that can provide accurate estimates of remaining-oil volumes. The signal processing required to extract these estimates from the logging data and the NML logging procedures used in this application are the subjects of this paper. The physics of the NML method and the wellsite log-inject-log procedures used for remaining-oil determination is reviewed. The latter procedures include the doping of the mud with magnetite to kill the borehole signal and the injection of paramagnetic ions into regions sensed by the NML measurement to kill the formation-water signal. A new NML signal-processing algorithm for determining remaining oil is developed. The algorithm is an improvement over conventional envelope processing in low SNR environments. The algorithm explicitly accounts for the statistical properties of bandwidth-limited Gaussian thermal noise in extracting signal parameters from signal-plus-noise measurements. This is especially important for remaining oil determinations for which accurate estimates of both the fractional bulk volume of remaining oil, Vbro, and the uncertainties in these estimates are required. The method is applied to residual-oil data from a Shell well. The data consist of repeat waveforms at 44 stations. The FFFs are mostly in the range from 1.0 to 4.0 porosity units (p.u.) and the signal decay times are less than 50 msec. Thus, the data represent an abnormally difficult signal-processing problem as a result of the low SNR's. The results of processing these data are compared with results obtained independently by Shell with their own processing methods, which are widely regarded in the industry as standards. The volumes of residual oil and standard deviations estimated with the new signal-processing method developed in this paper are in excellent agreement with the results of Shell's processing methods.
The extensive polymorphism of KIR genes (2009)

The functions of human natural killer (NK) cells are controlled by diverse families of antigen receptors. Prominent among these are the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), a family of genes clustered in one of the most variable regions of the human genome. Within this review we discuss the vast polymorphism of the KIR gene complex which rivals that of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) complex. There are several aspects to this polymorphism. Initially there is presence/absence of individual KIR genes, with four of these genes, termed framework genes, being present in all individuals tested to date, except on those very occasional instances when the gene has been deleted. Within each gene, alleles are present at different frequencies. We provide details of a new website that enables convenient searching for data on KIR gene, allele and genotype frequencies in different populations and show how these frequencies vary in different worldwide populations and the high probability of individuals differing in their KIR repertoire when both gene and allele polymorphism is considered. The KIR genes present in an individual may be classified into A and/or B haplotypes, which respectively have a more inhibitory role or a more activating role on the function of the NK cell. Family studies have been used to ascertain the make-up of these haplotypes, inclusion of allele typing enabling determination of whether one or two copies of a particular gene is present. In addition to genetic diversification the KIR gene complex shows differences at the functional level with different alleles having different protein expression levels and different avidity with their HLA ligand.