gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Optimizing XOR-Based Codes for Fault-Tolerant Storage Applications (2007)

For fault-tolerant storage applications, computation complexity is the key concern in choosing XOR-based codes. We observe that there is great benefit in computing common operations first (COF). Based on the COF rule, we describe a generic problem of optimizing XOR-based codes and make a conjecture about its NP-completeness. Two effective greedy algorithms are proposed. Against long odds, we show that XOR-based Reed-Solomon codes with such optimization can in fact be as efficient and sometimes even more efficient than the best known specifically designed XOR-based codes.
A Collaborative Framework for In-network Video Caching in Mobile Networks (2014)

Due to explosive growth of online video content in mobile wireless networks, in-network caching is becoming increasingly important to improve the end-user experience and reduce the Internet access cost for mobile network operators. However, caching is a difficult problem due to the very large number of online videos and video requests,limited capacity of caching nodes, and limited bandwidth of in-network links. Existing solutions that rely on static configurations and average request arrival rates are insufficient to handle dynamic request patterns effectively. In this paper, we propose a dynamic collaborative video caching framework to be deployed in mobile networks. We decompose the caching problem into a content placement subproblem and a source-selection subproblem. We then develop SRS (System capacity Reservation Strategy) to solve the content placement subproblem, and LinkShare, an adaptive traffic-aware algorithm to solve the source selection subproblem. Our framework supports congestion avoidance and allows merging multiple requests for the same video into one request. We carry extensive simulations to validate the proposed schemes. Simulation results show that our SRS algorithm achieves performance within 1-3% of the optimal values and LinkShare significantly outperforms existing solutions.
A digital-to-analog converter based on differential-quad switching (2002)

A high-conversion-rate high-resolution oversampling digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for direct digital modulation is addressed in this paper. A new type of switching scheme, called differential-quad switching, is presented. To verify the feasibility of this scheme, essential parts with some auxiliary circuitry for interfacing were fabricated in a 0.8-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Measured results show that the switching scheme provides 11-b resolution at 100 MSamples/s and 6-b at 1 GSamples/s. The degradation in signal-to-noise ratio is not observed for the variation of the supply voltage down to 1.5 V, which means the proposed scheme is suitable for low-voltage applications.
Characteristics and physical-mechanical properties of fired kaolinitic materials (2002)

This work presents the results of a study on the suitability of the clayey materials from Campos-RJ (Brazil) region for application in structural ceramic. The clayey materials, i.e. red clays available in this region, were selected so that their characteristics regarding chemical composition, rational analysis, X-ray diffraction, particle size analysis, thermal behavior, plasticity and as dried and fired properties could be studied. The results revealed that the studied samples are typically kaolinite based materials. In addition, it was found that almost all properties of these materials are led to the manufacture of structural ceramic. Mechanical strength test data resulted in Weibull distributions.
Molecular Mimicry in HLA-B27-Related Arthritis (1989)

A unique feature of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis is that almost all share the HLA type B27. The primary structures of the HLA-B27 antigens have been determined. At least six variants exist. However, disease predisposition does not appear to be restricted to a particular variant. One hypothesis about the pathogenesis of arthritis is that the bacteria that cause the arthritis carry components that are cross-reactive with HLA-B27 antigens. Several reactive bacterial components have indeed been identified using monoclonal anti-HLA-B27 antibodies. Even more striking is the identification, through a computerized search, of a Klebsiella protein. This protein carries a stretch of six amino acids identical to residues 72 to 77 of two of the HLA-B27 variants. A synthetic peptide carrying these six amino acids of HLA-B27 protein is reactive with serum antibodies in some patients with arthritis. With this knowledge, investigators will be able to formulate new approaches for examining the pathogenesis of HLA-B27-associated arthritis.
Cross-Linked Polymer Coatings for Capillary Electrophoresis and Application to Analysis of Basic Proteins, Acidic Proteins, and Inorganic Ions (1997)

A coating process for covalent coupling of fully formed polymers to silane-treated capillaries is described. The coupling process occurs through free-radical sites created on both the silane and polymer during the polymer cross-linking process. Coupling and cross-linking take place simultaneously, resulting in a densely cross-linked layer on the capillary surface. By using this coating procedure, several polymers, such as polyacrylamide (PA), poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), and poly(ethylene oxide), were successfully anchored on capillaries treated with silanes such as (methacryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (MET), chlorodimethyloctylsilane (OCT), and trimethoxyallylsilane. High-resolution separations of basic proteins with average efficiencies of 500 000 plates/50 cm were achieved using polymer-coated capillaries such as MET−PVP, MET−PA, and OCT−PVP. Similarly, high-resolution separations of milk proteins and hemoglobin variants were achieved by a MET−PVP-coated capillary. In addition to neutral polymers, the above coupling process was also suitable for attaching cationic polymers. Fast and efficient separations of acidic proteins and small inorganic anions were achieved using an acrylamide-based cationic polymer-coated capillary. The coating process described here is easy to implement and results in reproducible, stable capillary coatings for capillary electrophoresis.
Correlation Between Oxygen Vacancy, Microstrain, and Cation Distribution in Lithium-Excess Layered Oxides During the First Electrochemical Cycle (2013)

Dynamic structural changes during the first electrochemical charge and discharge cycle in the Li-excess layered oxide compound, Li[Li1/5Ni1/5Mn3/5]O2, are studied with synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD), aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (a-S/TEM), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). At different states of charge, we carefully examined the crystal structures and electronic structures within the bulk and have found that increased microstrain is accompanied with the cation migration and a second phase formation which occurs during the first cycle voltage plateau as well as into the beginning of the discharge cycle. The evidence indicates that the oxygen vacancy formation and activation may facilitate cation migration and results in the formation of a second phase. The EELS results reveal a Mn valence change from 4+ to 3+ upon oxygen vacancy formation and recovers back to 4+ at the discharge. The oxygen vacancy formation and activation at the partially delithiated state leads to the generation of several crystal defects which are observed in TEM. Identification of the correlation between microstrain and oxygen vacancy formation during the first electrochemical cycle clarifies the complex intercalation mechanisms that accounts for the anomalous capacities exceeding 200 mAh/g in the Li-excess layered oxide compounds.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in smooth muscle cells (2001)

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) has been typically considered to be an endothelial-specific growth factor. However, it was recently demonstrated that VEGF can interact with non endothelial cells. In this study, we tested whether vascular smooth muscles cells (VSMCs) can express VEGF receptors, such as flk-1, flt-1, and neuropilin (NP)-1, and respond to VEGF in vitro. In cultured VSMCs, flk-1 and flt-1 expression was inversely related to cell density. The expression of flk-1 was down-regulated with increasing passage numbers. However, NP-1 levels were not affected by cell density or passage numbers. Flk-1, Flt-1, and NP-1 protein levels were confirmed by Western Blotting. Although the functional mature form of Flk-1 protein is expressed at low levels in VSMCs, phosphorylation of Flk-1 following VEGF(165) stimulation was still observed. SMCs migrated significantly in response to VEGF(165) and VEGF-E, whereas Placenta Growth Factor (PlGF) induced migration only at higher concentrations. Since VEGF-E is a specific activator of flk-1 while PlGF specifically activates only flt-1, SMC migration induced by VEGF(165) is likely to be mediated primarily through the flk-1 receptor. VSMCs did not significantly proliferate in response to VEGF(165), PlGF, and VEGF-E. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate the presence of VEGF receptors on VSMCs that are functional. These studies also indicate that in vivo, VEGF may play a role in modulating the response of VSMCs.
Isolated Carbon Nanotubes as High-Impedance Transmission Lines for Microwave Through Terahertz Frequencies (2005)

A hybrid approach, combining quantum theory with classical distributed-element transmission-line models, is taken to study the transport of high-frequency energy in isolated metallic carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The characteristic impedance for these transmission lines would be approximately 40 k/spl Omega/, which is unusually high because of the kinetic inductance of the CNTs and the lack of capacitive shunting to a conducting ground plane or other objects. The propagation is by TM surface waves, instead of the TEM waves for propagation in nanotubes that are parallel to a planar conducting surface so the phase velocity is much less than the velocity of light in vacuum. The phase velocity would be approximately 3 /spl times/ 10/sup 6/ m/s, and both the characteristic impedance and phase velocity are essentially independent of the radius of the CNT. However, the numerical results must be regarded as being provisional because corrections have not been made for the effects of transport in multiple channels that are caused by the band structure and spin degeneracy. One application is considered for a new type of device that would generate radiation at microwave through terahertz frequencies by photomixing in laser-assisted field emission.
Efficient Algorithms for Pairing-Based Cryptosystems. (2002)

Abstract. We describe fast new algorithms to implement recent cryptosystems based on the Tate pairing. In particular, our techniques improve pairing evaluation speed by a factor of about 55 compared to previously known methods in characteristic 3, and attain performance comparable to that of RSA in larger characteristics. We also propose faster algorithms for scalar multiplication in characteristic 3 and square root extraction over Fpm, the latter technique being also useful in contexts other than that of pairing-based cryptography. 1
Diversity Gains Across Line of Sight and Rich Scattering Environments from Space-Polarization-Time Codes (2007)

Space-time codes built out of Alamouti components have been adopted in wireless standards such as UMTS, IEEE 802.1 In and IEEE 802.16 where they facilitate higher data rates through multiplexing of parallel data streams and the addition of two or more antennas at the receiver that perform interference cancellation. This paper provides new theoretical insight into an algorithm for interference cancellation through a Bayesian analysis that expresses performance as a function of SNR in terms of the ''angles" between different space-time coded data streams. Our approach provides insights into the coupling of channel coding to spatial and polarization degrees of freedom.
Anti-aliased three-dimensional cone-beam reconstruction of low-contrast objects with algebraic methods (1999)

This paper examines the use of the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) and related techniques to reconstruct 3-D objects from a relatively sparse set of cone-beam projections. Although ART has been widely used for cone-beam reconstruction of high-contrast objects, e.g., in computed angiography, the work presented here explores the more challenging low-contrast case which represents a little-investigated scenario for ART. Preliminary experiments indicate that for cone angles greater than 20 degrees, traditional ART produces reconstructions with strong aliasing artifacts. These artifacts are in addition to the usual off-midplane inaccuracies of cone-beam tomography with planar orbits. We find that the source of these artifacts is the nonuniform reconstruction grid sampling and correction by the cone-beam rays during the ART projection-backprojection procedure. A new method to compute the weights of the reconstruction matrix is devised, which replaces the usual constant-size interpolation filter by one whose size and amplitude is dependent on the source-voxel distance. This enables the generation of reconstructions free of cone-beam aliasing artifacts, at only little extra cost. An alternative analysis reveals that simultaneous ART (SART) also produces reconstructions without aliasing artifacts, however, at greater computational cost. Finally, we thoroughly investigate the influence of various ART parameters, such as volume initialization, relaxation coefficient lambda, correction scheme, number of iterations, and noise in the projection data on reconstruction quality. We find that ART typically requires only three iterations to render satisfactory reconstruction results.
Identification of the physiologically active state of the mycobacterial glycolipid trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate and the role of fibrinogen in the biologic activities of trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate monolayers. (1982)

Abstract When administered in the oil phase of an emulsion, the mycobacterial glycolipid trehalose 6,6’-dimycolate (TDM) acts as an adjuvant, elicits acute inflammation and granuloma formation, and is a pathogen inducing massive pulmonary hemorrhages. TDM forms cylindrical micelles in aqueous media and stable monolayers on hydrophobic surfaces. TDM monolayers bind proteins avidly whereas TDM micelles do not. We report that all of the biologic effects of TDM can be reproduced by monomolecular films of the glycolipid on the surface of 5.7 ± 1.5 µm diameter hydrophobic beads. In contrast, TDM micelles are biologically inert. The magnitude of the inflammatory response to TDM-coated beads depends on the total surface area covered with a monolayer of the glycolipid and on the surface concentration of TDM. For a given surface area, the infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages is greatest when beads are coated with TDM near the equilibrium spreading density, which is 2.5 × 10−3 molecule/Å2. The biologic effects of TDM are intimately associated with the ability of the monolayer to bind fibrinogen as evidenced by the following: 1) TDM micelles do not bind proteins and are biologically inert. 2) TDM monolayers exposed to plasma—but not TDM monolayers exposed to serum—elicit maximal biologic activity. 3) Plasma fibrinogen adsorbs to the TDM monolayer to the exclusion of other plasma proteins. 4) If the adsorption of fibrinogen is blocked in vivo by preincubation of TDM monolayers with an extraneous protein such as ovalbumin or bovine serum albumin, the biologic activities of the monolayer are temporarily mitigated. Hydrolysis in situ of fibrinogen into fibrin might be a necessary event for expressing the activities of the TDM monolayer because preincubation with thrombin or with peritoneal exudate cell supernatants containing thrombin-like activity decreases the activity of TDM monolayers coated with fibrinogen. Additional support is provided by the observations that i.p. injections of TDM-coated beads generate procoagulant activity in peritoneal exudates, as well as massive pulmonary hemorrhages. We suggest that the active principle of adjuvant preparations containing TDM is a TDM monolayer to which fibrinogen has been adsorbed.
Structural Studies on the Type-specific Antigens and Lipids of the (1978)

The characteristic lipids and specific surface (Schae- fer) antigens which typify serotypes of the Mycobacte- rium avium dfycobacterium intmcellulare~ Mycobac- t&urn scrofdaceum (MAIS) serogroup have been ex- amined. In serotype 9, the characteristic lipids were recognized as acetylated peptidoglycolipids composed of both polar and apolar familial groups. The apolar variety, which may be shared by all serotypes, consist of six members. The majority of these apparently have the common structure
Multiple Sclerosis (1997)

Recent studies have implicated heat shock proteins (HSP) in the pathogenesis of the multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion. Expression of the 73 kDa constitutive HSP (HSC70), the 72 kDa stress-inducible HSP (HSP70), and the 27 kDa small HSP (HSP27) was analyzed in white matter and myelin from central nervous system (CNS) tissue of MS and normal subjects using a combination of immunocytochemistry and quantitative immunoblotting. Plaques of all types were sharply defined by reduced immunostaining for HSC70, and shown by immunoblotting to contain 30 to 50% less HSC70 than surrounding white matter or normal tissue. In contrast, HSP27 was markedly enhanced 2.5- to 4-fold in plaque regions, especially in fibrous astrocytes and in hyperplastic interfascicular oligodendrocytes at the lesion edge. HSP70 was less abundant than HSC70, and no significant differences in HSP70 levels were noted between MS and normal white matter. Myelin isolated from active plaques contained 3- to 4-fold more HSC70 than normal myelin. Pronounced expression of HSP70 and HSP27 was also found in MS myelin, although neither protein was detected in normal myelin. Thus, white matter undergoing immune-mediated destruction in MS was associated with altered distribution and expression of HSC70 and HSP27. These changes may initially serve to protect myelin from further destruction and facilitate repair; however, enhanced expression of HSC70, HSP70, and HSP27 in myelin may subsequently present as additional immune targets involved in the progression of disease.
A direct access technique for sequential files with variable length records (1987)

Abstract A technique is presented, based on the method of tries, which allows direct access to variable‐length records in a sequential file. No reorganization of the original file is involved.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Procedures for the Laboratory Preparation of Borazine. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Functional expression of CLIFAHDD and IHPRF pathogenic variants of the NALCN channel in neuronal cells reveals both gain- and loss-of-function properties (2019)

The excitability of neurons is tightly dependent on their ion channel repertoire. Among these channels, the leak sodium channel NALCN plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the resting membrane potential. Importantly, NALCN mutations lead to complex neurodevelopmental syndromes, including infantile hypotonia with psychomotor retardation and characteristic facies (IHPRF) and congenital contractures of limbs and face, hypotonia and developmental delay (CLIFAHDD), which are recessively and dominantly inherited, respectively. Unfortunately, the biophysical properties of NALCN are still largely unknown to date, as well as the functional consequences of both IHPRF and CLIFAHDD mutations on NALCN current. Here we have set-up the heterologous expression of NALCN in the neuronal cell line NG108-15 to investigate the electrophysiological properties of NALCN carrying representative IHPRF and CLIFAHDD mutations. Several original properties of the wild-type (wt) NALCN current were retrieved: mainly carried by external Na<sup>+</sup>, blocked by Gd<sup>3+</sup>, insensitive to TTX and potentiated by low external Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration. However, we found that this current displays a time-dependent inactivation in the -80/-40 mV range of membrane potential, and a non linear current-voltage relationship indicative of voltage sensitivity. Importantly, no detectable current was recorded with the IHPRF missense mutation p.Trp1287Leu (W1287L), while the CLIFAHDD mutants, p.Leu509Ser (L509S) and p.Tyr578Ser (Y578S), showed higher current densities and slower inactivation, compared to wt NALCN current. This study reveals that heterologous expression of NALCN channel can be achieved in the neuronal cell line NG108-15 to study the electrophysiological properties of wt and mutants. From our results, we conclude that IHPRF and CLIFAHDD missense mutations are loss- and gain-of-function variants, respectively.
Assignment of Ketoxime Stereochemistry by a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAssignment of Ketoxime Stereochemistry by a Nuclear Magnetic Resonance MethodB Fox, James Reboulet, Roger Rondeau, and Herbert RosenbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 12, 4234–4236Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1970Publication History Published online12 August 2003Published inissue 1 December 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00837a623https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00837a623research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comprehensive metrology-detection strategies for sub-0.5 μm lithography reticles (1995)

The 'edge detection' is a known problem in optical linewidth metrology. New illumination capabilities like Real Time Broad Band Confocal Scanning, the combination of conventional transmitted illumination with real time confocal scanning, and near UV transmitted illumination, used for metrology of finite transmissive/reflective masks, require a reevaluation of the traditional edge detection approach. For the masks with finite reflectivities or transmission on both sides of an edge the traditional 50% threshold does not describe at all the true edge location. Edge response function and Edge response width were reviewed for confocal scanning illumination and for typical finite transmissive (binary) masks. The proposed edge detection strategy deals with edge position shift with detection threshold in different illumination conditions and the relationship between the detection threshold and 'best' focal plane selected for measurement. 'Edge roughness', another known problem was reviewed from different prospectives and measurements of the edge roughness were performed at various edge detection thresholds. Mapping of mask feature 'aerial intensity' was used to view the edge roughness, edge slope and to locate edge position. Aerial intensity simulations with SOLID-C simulation tool were in very good agreement with the experimental data.