gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protomonas, a New Genus of Facultatively Methylotrophic Bacteria (1984)

A new genus and species of facultatively methylotrophic bacteria are described. These bacteria are polarly flagellated, gram-negative, nonsporeforming, rod-shaped organisms that occur singly and in pairs. Carotenoid pigment and bacteriochlorophyll are formed in the cells. The deoxyribonucleic acid base composition is 65 to 67 mol% guanine plus cytosine. The cellular fatty acids consist of a large amount of straight-chain unsaturated C18:1 acid and small amounts of straight-chain saturated C16:1 acid, C19:0 cyclopropane acid, and 3-OH-C14:0 hydroxy acid. The major ubiquinone is Q-10. Ubiquinones Q-8, Q-9, and Q-11 are present as minor components. A new genus, Protomonas, is proposed to include this group of methylotropic bacteria. The type species of the genus Protomonas is Protomonas extorquens comb. nov., with type strain TK 0001 (=DSM 1337 = NCIB 9399).
The effect of human growth hormone therapy on GH binding protein in GH-deficient children (1991)

Previous studies have described the close similarity of the GH binding protein to the liver membrane GH receptor. Since GH regulates its own liver receptors, we examined the effects of short- and long-term hGH therapy on GH binding protein in children with GH deficiency. Six GH-deficient children received their first hGH dose ever, and the pharmacodynamics of serum GH was followed for 12 h, along with measurements of GH binding protein activity. Over the first 6 h, serum GH and GH binding protein activity exhibited a parallel increase, followed by gradual decrease. At 8 h, some of the patients exhibited an apparent second peak in GH binding protein, despite the continuous decrease in serum hGH. During the period of hGH treatment, serum GH binding protein increased progressively over a period of 6 months. In a second uncontrolled group of 7 GH-deficient patients who had been treated with hGH for 30-36 months, GH binding protein activity was also significantly higher than pretreatment values. We suggest that the short-term pharmacodynamic changes probably represent the endogenous turnover of the GH receptor, whereas the elevated GH binding protein activity on hGH treatment may reflect up-regulation of the GH receptor.
Handling a trillion (unfixable) flaws on a billion devices (2015)

The Internet-of-Things (IoT) has quickly moved from the realm of hype to reality with estimates of over 25 billion devices deployed by 2020. While IoT has huge potential for societal impact, it comes with a number of key security challenges---IoT devices can become the entry points into critical infrastructures and can be exploited to leak sensitive information. Traditional host-centric security solutions in today's IT ecosystems (e.g., antivirus, software patches) are fundamentally at odds with the realities of IoT (e.g., poor vendor security practices and constrained hardware). We argue that the network will have to play a critical role in securing IoT deployments. However, the scale, diversity, cyberphysical coupling, and cross-device use cases inherent to IoT require us to rethink network security along three key dimensions: (1) abstractions for security policies; (2) mechanisms to learn attack and normal profiles; and (3) dynamic and context-aware enforcement capabilities. Our goal in this paper is to highlight these challenges and sketch a roadmap to avoid this impending security disaster.
Multifunctional Rare Earth Vanadate Nanoparticles: Luminescent Labels, Oxidant Sensors and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agents (2012)

Multimodal imaging techniques are of great interest due to the wealth of information they provide. This thesis is devoted to the development and characterization of nanoparticles which can be applied as luminescent probes, for oxidant detection and as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging. The work is based on previous studies on Y0.6Eu0.4VO4 nanoparticles which show strong, non-blinking and stable luminescence. Time and space resolved optical oxidant detection is feasible after reversible photoreduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ by e. g. H2O2. This oxidation is detectable by a modification of the luminescence properties. The incorporation of paramagnetic Gd3+ confers proton relaxation enhancing properties to the system. We synthesized nanoparticles of either 10 nm or 40 nm diameter and of the compositions GdVO4 and Gd0.6Eu0.4VO4 as well as core-shell systems containing a Y0.6Eu0.4VO4 core and a GdVO4 shell with 40 nm total diameter. X-ray microstructural analysis in combination with dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy enabled us to propose a model for the relationship between the shape of the nanoparticles and the crystallites contained in them. Complexometric titration indicated that rare earth leaching is negligible making this type of nanoparticles well suited for in vivo applications. We demonstrated that even after substitution of Y3+ by Gd3+, the nanoparticles retain the ability of H2O2 detection by luminescence modulation. Temperature and magnetic field dependent measurements of the magnetization of Gd0.6Eu0.4VO4 nanoparticles confirmed the paramagnetic behavior according to a Curie-Weiss law in the temperature range from 290 K down to 5 K. We found that the proton relaxivity of GdVO4 and Gd0.6Eu0.4VO4 nanoparticles of 10 nm diameter as well as of the core-shell nanoparticles is higher than that of the commercial chelate compound Dotarem®. Nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion spectroscopy showed higher proton relaxivities for nanoparticles made up from Gd0.6Eu0.4VO4 than from pure GdVO4. The present data suggest that rare earth vanadate nanoparticles containing simultaneously Gd and Eu are very promising candidates for applications as in vivo multifunctional probe. This system might also be useful as a target in gadolinium neutron capture therapy or for positron emission tomography.
Design considerations for a wearable monitor to measure finger posture (2005)

BACKGROUND: Objective measures of hand function as individuals participate in home and community activities are needed in order to better plan and evaluate rehabilitation treatments. Traditional measures collected in the clinical setting are often not reflective of actual functional performance. Recent advances in technology, however, enable the development of a lightweight, comfortable data collection monitor to measure hand kinematics. METHODS: This paper presents the design analysis of a wearable sensor glove with a specific focus on the sensors selected to measure bend. The most important requirement for the glove is easy donning and removal for individuals with significantly reduced range of motion in the hands and fingers. Additional requirements include comfort and durability, cost effectiveness, and measurement repeatability. These requirements eliminate existing measurement gloves from consideration. Glove construction is introduced, and the sensor selection and glove evaluation process are presented. RESULTS: Evaluation of commercial bend sensors shows that although most are not appropriate for repeatable measurements of finger flexion, one has been successfully identified. A case study for sensor glove repeatability using the final glove configuration and sensors does show a high degree of repeatability in both the gripped and flat hand positions (average coefficient of variability = 2.96% and 0.10%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Measuring functional outcomes in a portable manner can provide a wealth of information important to clinicians for the evaluation and treatment of movement disorders in the hand and fingers. This device is an important step in that direction as both a research and an evaluation method.
From Waste to Wealth: Mineral Extraction from Geothermal Brines (2015)

The composition and volume of geothermal fluids in New Zealand offers considerable potential for the extraction of various metals and minerals, as well as being a source of heat energy, steam and gases, and for use in generating electricity. While extracting products from geothermal fluids is technically feasible, positive economics is the key driver for commercial success. However there is no assessment of this opportunity which identifies simple, cost-effective processing technologies, and provides a greater understanding of the economic viability and barriers for implementing such technologies. The methodology that will be used to evaluate the commercial opportunities for New Zealand will be discussed. A suite of crossdisciplinary studies will integrate a range of information on the opportunities and barriers to the commercial recovery of a selection of products from geothermal fluids. These will include a technological, market and New Zealand regulatory review. The outcome will be the best technical options and economic models to assist in guiding future investment.
Antimicrobial Activity of NCR Plant Peptides Strongly Depends on the Test Assays (2018)

The symbiosis specific NCR247 and NCR335 cationic plant peptides of <i>Medicago truncatula</i> have been shown to exert antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microbes. However, their antimicrobial efficiency is clearly limited by divalent cations. Here, the antibacterial and antifungal activities of NCR247 and NCR335 peptides were compared to those of the well-characterized peptide antibiotics polymyxin B and the aminoglycoside streptomycin on three model microbes, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> as representatives of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as eukaryotic fungi. The aim of the study was to assess how the killing efficiency of these peptides depends on various, widely used antimicrobial susceptibility assays. Validated resazurin microdilution assay was used to determine minimal growth inhibitory concentrations in three general test media (MHB, MHBII and low-salt medium LSM). Bactericidal/fungicidal activities were determined by the commonly used drop plate assay. The natural plant peptides showed distinct characteristics, NCR247 had a generally high sensitivity for Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> in the medium, while NCR335 proved to be a robust and strong antimicrobial agent with comparable efficiency values to polymyxin B. Activity data were confirmed visually, both NCR247 and NCR335 treatments at minimal bactericidal concentrations induced complete disruption of the membranes and provoked cell lysis on all tested microorganisms as observed by scanning electron microscopy.
Marker‐free site‐specific gene integration in rice based on the use of two recombination systems (2012)

Summary Transgene integration mediated by heterologous site‐specific recombination (SSR) systems into the dedicated genomic sites has been demonstrated in a few different plant species. This approach of plant transformation generates a precise site‐specific integration (SSI) structure consisting of a single copy of the transgene construct. As a result, stable transgene expression correlated with promoter strength and gene copy number is observed among independent transgenic lines and faithfully transmitted through subsequent generations. Site‐specific integration approaches use selectable marker genes, removal of which is necessary for the implementation of this approach as a biotechnology application. As SSR systems are also excellent tools for excising marker genes from transgene locus, a molecular strategy involving gene integration followed by marker excision, each mediated by a distinct recombination system, was earlier proposed. Experimental validation of this approach is the focus of this work. Using FLPe‐ FRT system for site‐specific gene integration and heat‐inducible Cre‐ lox for marker gene excision, marker‐free SSI lines were developed in the first generation itself. More importantly, progeny derived from these lines inherited the marker‐free locus, indicating efficient germinal transmission. Finally, as the transgene expression from SSI locus was not altered upon marker excision, this method is suitable for streamlining the production of marker‐free SSI lines.
An Efficient Search Method Based on Dynamic Attention Map by Ising Model (2005)

This paper presents Dynamic Attention Map by Ising model for detection. In general, a detector can not know where faces there are and how many faces there are in advance. Therefore, the detector must search the whole regions on the image and requires much computational time. To speed the search, the information obtained at previous search points should be used effectively. In order to use the likelihood of obtained at previous search points effectively, Ising model is adopted to detection. Ising model has the two-state spins; up and down. The state of a spin is updated by depending on the neighboring spins and an external magnetic field. Ising spins are assigned to face and non-face states of detection. In addition, the measured likelihood of is integrated into the energy function of Ising model as the external magnetic field. It is confirmed that candidates would be reduced effectively by spin flip dynamics. To improve the search performance further, the single level Ising search method is extended to the multilevel Ising search. The interactions between two layers which are characterized by the renormalization group method is used to reduce the candidates. The effectiveness of the multilevel Ising search method is also confirmed by the comparison with the single level Ising search method.
Comparison of the two classes of binding sites (A and B) of type I and type II cyclic‐AMP‐dependent protein kinases by using cyclic nucleotide analogs (1989)

cAMP analogs, all 96 of which were modified in the adenine moiety, were examined quantitatively for their ability to inhibit the binding of [3H]cAMP to each of the two classes (A and B) of cAMP-binding sites of type I (rabbit skeletal muscle) and type II (bovine heart) cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The study showed that analogs can be constructed that have a higher affinity than cAMP for a binding site. N6-phenyl-cAMP had 18-fold increased affinity for site A of RI (AI) and 40-fold increased affinity for site AII. 2-chloro-8-methylamino-cAMP had a 7-fold increased affinity for BI, and 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP had 17-fold increased affinity for BII. Analogs could discriminate between the two classes of binding sites by more than two orders of magnitude in binding affinity: 2-chloro-8-methylamino-cAMP had 170-fold higher affinity for BI than for AI, and 2-n-butyl-8-thiobenzyl-cAMP had 700-fold higher affinity for BII than for AII. Analogs could also discriminate between the homologous binding sites of the isozymes: 2-n-butyl-8-bromo-cAMP had 260-fold higher affinity for AI than for AII (22-fold higher for BII than BI), and 8-piperidino-cAMP had 50-fold higher affinity for BII than for BI (and 50-fold higher for AI than for AII). The data suggest the following conclusions. (a) Stacking interactions are important for the binding of cAMP to all the binding sites. (b) Subtle differences exist between the sites as to the optimal electron distribution in the adenine ring since modifications that withdraw electrons at C2 and donate at C8 favour binding to BI, and disfavour binding to AI and AII. (c) There are no hydrogen bonds between the adenine ring of cAMP and any of the binding sites. (d) All sites bind cAMP in the syn conformation. (e) The subsites adjacent to the N6 and C8 positions may have nonpolar neighbouring regions since hydrophobic substituents at N6 could increase the affinity for AI and AII and similar substituents at C8 could increase the affinity for BII. Finally, (f) the sites differed in their ability to accomodate bulky substituents at C2 and C8. For all compounds tested, their potency as activators of protein kinases I and II was found to correlate, in a predictable fashion, to their mean affinity for the two classes of binding sites, rather than to the affinity for only one of the sites.
In favour of an oncofoetal concept of bronchogenic carcinoma development. (1994)

Our recent studies in a heterotopic model of non-small cell lung cancer in dogs (subcutaneous bronchial autografts treated with 3-methylcholanthrene) have provided evidence that alveolar type II cells may newly arise during initial phases of bronchial carcino-genesis. In the light of these novel findings, which are in agreement with our observations in human non-small cell lung cancer, and in view of present insights into embryonic lung differentiation, we discuss evidence that favours a new, oncofoetal concept of bronchogenic carcinoma development. According to this concept, the primary cells of origin for these tumors are undifferentiated primordial-like cells that derive from bronchial epithelial cells present in major bronchi or their divisions by retrodifferentiation. Such primordial-like cells of origin undergo novel differentiation into the potential (alveolar, bronchial or primordial) tumor stem cells, which occupy the dividing cellular layers of the (pre)neoplastic lesions and constitute the actively dividing and invading part of the neoplasm. Examples of tumors that may originate from alveolar tumor stem cells are carcinomas of the bronchiolo-alveolar, papillary, acinar, and adenoid-cystic types. Squamous cell carcinomas could possibly belong to this group as well, but much more evidence is required to reach conclusions regarding this type of cancer. We suggest that epithelial retrodifferentiation followed by novel differentiation (oncofoetal mechanism) is fundamental in bronchial carcinogenesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselectivity in Nucleophilic Additions to the Carbonyl Group of Methyl 1,4,5‐Tris(trimethylsilyl)‐3‐dehydroquinate. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
VEGFA is necessary for chondrocyte survival during bone development (2004)

To directly examine the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) in cartilage development, we conditionally knocked out Vegfa in chondrocytes, using the Col2a1 promoter to drive expression of Cre recombinase. Our study of Vegfa conditional knockout (CKO) mice provides new in-vivo evidence for two important functions of VEGFA in bone formation. First, VEGFA plays a significant role in both early and late stages of cartilage vascularization, since Vegfa CKO mice showed delayed invasion of blood vessels into primary ossification centers and delayed removal of terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes. Second, VEGFA is crucial for chondrocyte survival, since massive cell death was seen in joint and epiphyseal regions of Vegfa CKO endochondral bones. Chondrocytes in these regions were found to upregulate expression of Vegfa in wild-type mice at the time when massive cell death occurred in the Vegfa CKO mice. The expression of the VEGFA receptors Npr1 and Npr2 in epiphyseal chondrocytes and lack of blood vessel reduction in the vicinity of the cartilaginous elements in the Vegfa CKO mice raise the possibility that the observed cell death is the result of a direct involvement of VEGFA in chondrocyte survival. Interestingly, the extensive cell death seen in Vegfa CKO null bones had a striking similarity to the cell death phenotype observed when hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (Hif1a) expression was abolished in developing cartilage. This similarity of cell death phenotypes and the deficient VEGFA production in Hif1a null epiphyseal chondrocytes demonstrate that HIF1 alpha and VEGFA are components of a key pathway to support chondrocyte survival during embryonic bone development.
Augmenting a Statistical Translation System with a Translation Memory (2005)

In this paper, we present a translation memory (TM) based system to augment a statistical translation (SMT) system. It is used for translating sentences which have close matches in the training corpus. Given a test sentence, we first extract sentence pairs from the training corpus, whose source side is similar to the test sentence. Then, the TM system modifies the translation of the sentences by a sequence of substitution, deletion and insertion operations, to obtain the desired result. Statistical phrase alignment model of the SMT system is used for this purpose. The system was evaluated using a corpus of Chinese-English conversational data. For close matching sentences, the translations produced by the translation memory approach were compared with the translations of the statistical decoder.
Effects of tubeimoside-1 on HIV core protein p24 and cytopathogenesis in vitro. (1994)

Tubeimoside-1 (Tub) is a triterpenoid saponin first isolated in China from Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim) Franquet, Cucurbitaceae. To find out whether Tub has any anti-infective activity on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we tested its effects on HIV core protein p24 (with an ELISA) and HIV-mediated cytopathogenesis (using a colorimetric assay). The results showed that Tub inhibited both p24 production and cytopathogenesis mediated by HTLV-IIIB, and the median effective concentrations (EC50) were 24.1 and 22.9 micrograms.ml-1, respectively. Tub also effectively neutralized the infection of 2 other isolates, HTLV-IIIRF and HTLV-IIIMN. It is concluded that Tub had an inhibitory action on the infection of HIV-1 isolates and would be a promising candidate for treatment of AIDS.
D-TRYPTOPHAN AS IAA SOURCE DURING WHEAT GERMINATION (1999)

Summary. To study the hormonal control of germination, the contents of Trp, MTrp and IAA were determined in coleoptiles, scutellum and roots of wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) on the 3 and 5 days of growth in the darkness. The concentration of Trp high at the 3rd day increased 1.15 and 2.5 times to the 5th day of germination for root and scutellum and coleoptile respectively. The MTrp and IAA contents decreased with seedling growth from the 3rd to the 5th day. The highest concentration of MTrp was in the upper 3 mm of coleoptile apex. The IAA concentration was high in the apex and in the elongation zone of coleoptile on the 3rd day of germination. The ratio MTrp/IAA was several times lower than the Trp/IAA ratio in almost all parts of seedlings, indicating that Trp is not a limiting factor for IAA biosynthesis. The activity of tryptophan racemase (EC 5.1.1.10) in etioplasts fraction was higher in the direction LTrp→DTrp on the 3rd day of germination. Both cytosol and etioplasts tryptophan racemase diminished with time and in the coleoptile at the 7th day the activity was less than a tenth. The activities of both L-TAT (EC 2.6.1.27) and D-TAT (EC 2.6.1.21) were also present in etioplasts fractions from upper part and roots of etiolated seedlings. Both activities were sensitive to the addition of cofactors Na pyruvate and NAD +. Thus it was suggested that DTrp and MTrp participated in IAA biosynthesis during wheat germination and growth of seedlings and the direction LTrp→DTrp of tryptophan racemase played a key role during first days of heterotrophic growth.