gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Charge pump phase-locked loop with phase-frequency detector: closed form mathematical model (2019)

Charge pump phase-locked loop with phase-frequency detector (CP-PLL) is an electrical circuit, widely used in digital systems for frequency synthesis and synchronization of the clock signals. In this paper a non-linear second-order model of CP-PLL is rigorously derived. The obtained model obviates the shortcomings of previously known second-order models of CP-PLL. Pull-in time is estimated for the obtained second-order CP-PLL.
Using temporal logic for modular specification of telephone services. (1994)

. We outline a methodology for the modular specification of telephone services within first-order linear-time temporal logic. Typically, the services offered by a telephone system consist of a basic service and several optional additional services, such as automatic callback, redirection, etc. We argue informally that temporal logic provides a flexible formalism for the specification of individual services, and for the composition of different services. We present a style of specification, in which the expected behavior of each additional service can be specified independently of other services. In this style, it is straight-forward to compose noninteracting services. We outline, by means of examples, how certain interactions between services that prescribe conflicting behavior can manifest themselves as inconsistencies when the services are composed. We then outline how the resolution of such interactions can be described in the formalism. 1 Introduction The difficulty of designing ...
Tilt angular anisoplanatism and a full-aperture tilt-measurement technique with a laser guide star (2000)

A method is presented for sensing atmospheric wave-front tilt from a laser guide star (LGS) by observing a laser beacon with auxiliary telescopes. The analysis is performed with a LGS scatter model and Zernike polynomial expansion of wave-front distortions. It is shown that integration of the LGS image over its angular extent and the position of the auxiliary telescope in an array reduce the tilt sensing error associated with the contribution from the downward path. This allows us to single out only the wave-front tilt of the transmitted beam on the uplink path that corresponds to the tilt for the scientific object. The tilt angular correlation is analyzed in the atmosphere with a finite turbulence outer scale. The tilt correlation angle depends on the angular size of the telescope and the outer scale of turbulence. The tilt sensing error increases with the auxiliary telescope diameter, suggesting that an auxiliary telescope must be small. The Strehl ratio associated with the contribution from the downward path is in the range from 0.1 to 0.9 when the relative telescope diameter D/r(0) varies from 4 to 93 and the turbulence outer scale is in the 10-150-m range. Tilt correction increases the Strehl ratio compared with the uncorrected image for all the system parameters and seeing conditions considered. The method discussed gives a higher performance than the conventional technique, which uses an off-axis natural guide star. A scheme for measuring tilt with a beam projected from a small aperture is described. This scheme allows us to avoid phosphorescence of the main optical train for a sodium LGS.
Electrostatically Scanned Reflectors for Interferometer and Laser Applications (1972)

The paper describes the design and performance of an electrostatically scanned film reflector. A drive scan sensitivity of better than a wavelength per volt at 6328 A can be achieved with the use of appropriate polarization voltages. The power requirements for both polarization and drive may be made extremely low. In addition the device is capable of good optical properties together with large linear displacements. It should find wide application in interferometer and laser systems, particularly in the infrared region of the spectrum.
Characterization of human erythrocyte membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase inhibition by cisplatin at reversible phase. (1997)

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a perfect hydrolyzing enzyme, and it has been recently reported [Al-Jafari et al 1995; Kamal and Al-Jafari, 1996] that cisplatin, which is cytotoxic, has the ability to inhibit the AChE activity in vitro. I therefore studied the characterization of this inhibition with respect to establishment of kinetic parameters at the reversible stage only. Conventional kinetic methods have been used in the present study. Some secondary replots, equilibrium schemes and some equations for this type of inhibition are novel for precise kinetic analysis in this inhibition system. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) for the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide (ASCh) was found to be 0.0994 mM and the Vmax was 1.179 mumol/minute/mg protein. The Kmapp and Vmaxapp were both decreased by increasing cisplatin concentrations. Dixon as well as Lineweaver-Burk plots and their secondary replots indicated that the nature of the inhibition was of the pure uncompetitive type. The value of Ki was estimated as 3.593 mM by the primary and secondary replots of the Lineweaver-Burk plot and Dixon plot. The Kiapp decreased while Vmaxiapp increased with increases in the ASCh concentration. This opens the possibilities for explaining the mechanism of AChE interaction with cisplatin as well as approaches towards understanding the causes of the neuro-type side effects of this drug.
Abnormal Collagen I to III Distribution in the Skin of Patients with Incisional Hernia (2000)

The surgical mesh-free repair of incisional hernias has to face recurrence rates of up to 50%. Apart from technical faults this is probably due to collagen metabolic disorders, known to play an important role in the development of inguinal hernia. In particular an altered ratio of collagen types I and III with an increase in collagen type III has been claimed to reduce the mechanical strength of connective tissues. Therefore, we investigated the content of collagen types I and III in the skin of patients with incisional hernia (n = 7) and recurrent incisional hernia (n = 5) in comparison to controls with healthy skin (n = 7) and normal skin scar (n = 7) both by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Both immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis revealed a decrease in the ratio of collagen I/III due to a concomitant increase in collagen III. The patients with incisional hernias and with recurrent incisional hernias showed a ratio of 1.0 +/- 0.1 and 0.8 +/- 0.1, respectively, whereas the controls exhibit a ratio of 2.1 +/- 0.2 in healthy skin and of 1.2 +/- 0.2 in normal skin scar, respectively. The decrease was highly significant (p < 0.01) between the patients with either primary or recurrent hernia and the controls or the normal scar, as well as between controls and normal scar, whereas there was not any significant difference between primary and recurrent hernia (p > 0.05). Our data for the first time confirmed that the presence of incisional hernia is accompanied by impaired collagen synthesis in the skin. The decreased tensile strength of collagen type III may play a key role in the development of incisional hernias. Furthermore, it might explain the high recurrence rates of hernia repair by simple closure, as a repetition of the primarily failing technique, and the improvement by the additional use of alloplastic material.
Welding characteristics of aluminum, copper, nickel and aluminum alloy with alumina coating using ultrasonic complex vibration welding equipments (2009)

Welding of aluminum-copper, aluminum nickel plate specimens and aluminum alloy is essential for fuel cell, battery or EDLC electrodes for electric or hybrid automobile and other various industry fields. Welding characteristics and welded structures are studied on same and different metal specimens using various complex vibration welding systems.
Polyacrylonitrile/polybenzoxazine-based Fe3O4@carbon nanofibers: hierarchical porous structure and magnetic adsorption property (2012)

Hierarchical porous, magnetic Fe3O4@carbon nanofibers (Fe3O4@CNFs) comprising graphitic nanofibers and embedded Fe3O4 nanocrystals were prepared by using electrospun polyacrylonitrile/polybenzoxazine (PBZ) nanofibers as composite carbon precursor. By the combination of precursor design and activation process, a series of Fe3O4@CNFs with a tunable porous structure including the surface area, pore volume and micro/mesopore ratio were obtained, and could achieve an extremely high surface area of 1623 m2 g−1 and a pore volume of 1.635 cm3 g−1. Quantitative pore size distribution and fractal analysis were employed to investigate the hierarchical porous structure using N2 adsorption methods and synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering measurements. The role of the precursor structure and activation treatment for the tuning of the porous structure and surface fractal dimension is discussed, and the relative fraction of closed and open pores in CNFs is confirmed. Furthermore, the as-prepared Fe3O4@CNFs exhibit efficient adsorption for organic dyes in water and excellent magnetic separation performance, which would make them a promising adsorbent for water treatment, and a new insight was also provided into the design and development of functional carbon nanomaterials based on PBZ precursor.
MiR-124 inhibits spinal neuronal apoptosis through binding to GCH1. (2019)

MiR-124 inhibits neuronal apoptosis in SCI by binding to GCH1. The results in the present study may provide a new mechanism for the therapeutic effect of miR-124, and miR-124 may have a potential therapeutic value in the treatment of SCI in the future.
Review: New Directions in the Optimization of Ocular Drug Delivery (1990)

The main effort in ocular drug delivery during the past two decades has been on the design of systems to prolong the residence time of topically applied drugs in the conjunctival sac. Four recent developments promise to chart a new course in ocular drug delivery research: collagen shield as a topical ocular drug delivery system, in-situ activated gel-forming systems, noncorneal route of ocular drug penetration, and need for minimizing the systemic absorption of topically applied drugs.
Learning to Predict Consequences as a Method of Knowledge Transfer in Reinforcement Learning (2017)

The reinforcement learning (RL) paradigm allows agents to solve tasks through trial-and-error learning. To be capable of efficient, long-term learning, RL agents should be able to apply knowledge gained in the past to new tasks they may encounter in the future. The ability to predict actions' consequences may facilitate such knowledge transfer. We consider here domains where an RL agent has access to two kinds of information: agent-centric information with constant semantics across tasks, and environment-centric information, which is necessary to solve the task, but with semantics that differ between tasks. For example, in robot navigation, environment-centric information may include the robot's geographic location, while agent-centric information may include sensor readings of various nearby obstacles. We propose that these situations provide an opportunity for a very natural style of knowledge transfer, in which the agent learns to predict actions' environmental consequences using agent-centric information. These predictions contain important information about the affordances and dangers present in a novel environment, and can effectively transfer knowledge from agent-centric to environment-centric learning systems. Using several example problems including spatial navigation and network routing, we show that our knowledge transfer approach can allow faster and lower cost learning than existing alternatives.
Biological Properties of the Naturally Occurring Plasma Inhibitor to Activated Factor X (1971)

Abstract Highly purified fractions of the plasma inhibitor of activated Factor X were found to inhibit purified thrombin, but had no effect on activated Factors XI and XII or on nonactivated Factor X. The inhibitor was greater than 30 times more effective towards activated Factor X than thrombin, on a weight basis. The inhibition of the biological activity of both enzymes by activated Factor X inhibitor was progressive and irreversible. Irreversible inhibition of activated Factor X by its inhibitor was also demonstrated by employing a purified fraction of goat antibody developed against the inhibitor. Both the coagulant and esterase activities of activated Factor X and thrombin were neutralized by activated Factor X inhibitor. In the presence of optimal amounts of heparin and activated Factor X inhibitor, the destruction of the coagulant activity of activated Factor X and the blockade of the thrombin coagulant activity occurred. The esterase activity of activated Factor X was similarly affected in the presence of heparin, but that of thrombin was unaffected. In the presence of heparin, the complete and irreversible inactivation of the biological activity of activated Factor X by its inhibitor remained unchanged when the heparin was subsequently neutralized with protamine sulfate. In contrast, the thrombin clotting activity blocked by activated Factor X inhibitor in the presence of heparin was quantitatively recovered when the heparin was neutralized by protamine sulfate. The complete recovery of biologically active thrombin was dependent upon the pH of the test system and the ratio of activated Factor X inhibitor to heparin. These data indicate that the efficiency of activated Factor X inhibitor as an anticoagulant during normal blood coagulation (an action profoundly enhanced by heparin) may depend more on its preventing any generated activated Factor X from activating prothrombin than it may on preventing thrombin from attacking fibrinogen.
NSAIDs Modulate CDKN2A, TP53, and DNA Content Risk for Progression to Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (2007)

A combination of 17p LOH, 9p LOH, and DNA content abnormalities provided better EA risk prediction than any single TP53, CDKN2A, or DNA content lesion alone. NSAIDs are associated with reduced EA risk, especially in patients with multiple high-risk molecular abnormalities.
Relationship between Speed of Lamb Wave and Measurement Error on Distance (1994)

It is possible to calculate a distance from the propagating time and the speed of sound, and the distance measurement accuracy depends on how accurately the speed of sound can be determined. When using Lamb waves with different phase velocity V p and group velocity V g , this becomes especially important since the speed of sound depends on the frequency as well as the thickness of the plate. Therefore, an algorithm to calculate the distance using approximated speeds of sound without decreasing the distance measurement accuracy is established through an experimental and theoretical study on the nature of anti-symmetric 0-order-mode Lamb waves.
Rearrangement procedures in regenerative multibeammobile communications satellites with frequency reuse (1988)

After a short overview on the European tendencies about a Land Mobile Satellite Service, this paper describes an advanced system architecture, based on multiple spot-beams and on-board processing, capable of providing message and voice services over a wide European coverage, including some North-Africa and Middle-East countries. A remarkable problem associated with spot-beam configurations is the requirement for flexibility in the capacity offer to the various coverage areas. This means incorporating procedures for changing the on-board modulator-to-spot associations, respecting the constraints imposed by frequency reuse. After discussing the requirements of the rearrangement procedure, an on-purpose algorithm is presented. This paper is derived from work performed on contract to the European Space Agency (ESA).
Phedra (1998)

Orphaned at the age of four in 1643, Racine was brought up by various relatives who were adherents of the strict Jansenist movement within the Catholic church. For Racine, this was a mixed blessing. It gave him access to a sound education at the outstanding school of Port-Royal, run by committed Jansenist teachers, and enabled him to make contact there with children from aristocratic families who were to prove useful in his later life. But it also confronted him, at a formative period in his development, with a dark and pessimistic view of existence which was to haunt him for the remainder of his life. Jansenists saw the world as utterly fallen and human beings as depraved victims of their own wayward desires, from which they could be saved only by God’s grace. But God’s grace could never be merited. Some were chosen by God to be recipients of His grace, but others were damned in all eternity. This belief in predestination (which brought the Jansenists paradoxically very close to extreme Protestant Calvinists) left precious little scope for free will, even if believers were expected to lead a life of blameless virtue. As a young man, Racine initially rebelled against this pessimistic view of existence, but he never entirely escaped from its grip.
Linear programing formulations and algorithms for radiotherapy treatment planning (2005)

Optimization has become an important tool in treatment planning for cancer radiation therapy. It may be used to determine beam weights, beam directions, and appropriate use of beam modifiers such as wedges and blocks, with the aim of delivering a required dose to the tumor, while sparing nearby critical structures and normal tissue. Linear programing formulations are a core computation in many approaches to treatment planning, because of the abundance of highly developed linear programing software. However, these formulations of treatment planning often require a surprisingly large amount of time to solve—more than might be anticipated given the dimensions of the problems. Moreover, the choices of formulation, algorithm, and pivot rule that perform best from a computational viewpoint are sometimes not obvious, and the software's default choices are sometimes poor. This article considers several linear programing formulations of treatment planning problem and tests several variants of simplex and interior-point methods for solving them. Conclusions are drawn about the most effective formulations and variants.
A quality of service architecture (1994)

For applications relying on the transfer of multimedia, and in particular continuous media, it is essential that quality of service (QoS) is guaranteed system-wide, including end-systems, communications systems and networks. Although researchers have addressed many isolated areas of QoS provision, little attention has so far been paid to the definition of an integrated and coherent framework that incorporates QoS interfaces, management and mechanisms across all architectural layers. To address this deficiency, we are developing a Quality of Service Architecture (QoS-A) which offers a framework to specify and implement the required performance properties of multimedia applications over high-performance ATM-based networks. The QoS-A incorporates the notions of flow, service contract and flow management. Flows characterise the production, transmission and eventual consumption of single media streams, service contracts are binding agreements between users and providers and flow management provides for the monitoring and maintenance of the contracted QoS levels. This paper provides an overview of the QoS-A and focuses particularly on the role of the transport service and protocol in the architecture. We describe a multimedia enhanced transport service (METS), flow management and transport layer service contract. We show how QoS levels contracted at the transport service interface can be assured in the context of our local ATM environment.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF ACETYLACETONATO‐, TRIFLUOROACETYLACETONATO‐, AND HEXAFLUOROACETYLACETONATODICARBONYLRHODIUM AND ‐IRIDIUM COMPLEXES IN FROZEN GAS MATRIXES AT 12 K. INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC EVIDENCE FOR CARBON MONOXIDE DISSOCIATION AND CHELATE RING‐OPENING PROCESSES (1982)

Abstract Die Photoreaktion der Rh‐Titelkomplexe wurde in großer Verdünnung in CH 4 ‐, Ar‐, CO‐ und N 2 ‐Matrizen und die der Ir‐Komplexe in CH 4 bei 12 K untersucht.
A Channel Allocation Algorithm for Reducing the Channel Sensing/Reserving Asymmetry in 802.11ac Networks (2014)

The major goal of IEEE 802.11ac is to provide very high throughput (VHT) performance while at the same time guaranteeing backward compatibility. To achieve this goal, 802.11ac adopts the channel bonding technique that makes use of multiple 20 MHz channels in 5 GHz band. Due to the heterogeneity of bandwidth that each device exploits, and the fixed total transmission power in the standards, a problem called `Hidden Channel' arises. In this paper, we first analyze the problem and show how the contention parameters and transmission time affect collision probability and fairness in some deployment scenarios. Then, we propose a heuristic channel allocation algorithm that aims to avoid such problematic situations effectively. Through simulations, we demonstrate that our proposed channel allocation algorithm lowers the packet error rate (PER) compared to uncoordinated and received signal strength indicator(RSSI) based allocation schemes and increases the network-wide throughput as well as the throughput of a station that experiences poor performance. This implies improved fairness performance among transmission pairs with various channel bandwidths.
Heritability of Determinants of the Metabolic Syndrome among Healthy Arabs of the Oman Family Study (2007)

The metabolic syndrome, as defined by the International Diabetes Federation, was investigated in five large, extended, highly consanguineous, healthy Omani Arab families of a total of 1277 individuals. Heritability (h2) of the phenotypic abnormalities that make up the syndrome and other related traits was estimated by variance decomposition method using SOLAR software. The overall prevalence of the syndrome was 23%. The prevalence of abnormalities making the syndrome in a descending order were: obligatory waist circumference, hypertension, raised fasting blood glucose, low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and raised serum triglycerides (TGs). Highly significant, but widely spread, h2 values were obtained for: height (0.68), weight (0.68), BMI (0.68), serum HDL (0.63), serum leptin (0.55), percentage body fat (0.53), total serum cholesterol (0.53), fasting serum insulin (0.51), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (0.48), serum TG (0.43), waist circumference (0.40), diastolic blood pressure (0.38), and 2-hour glucose level (0.17), whereas for the metabolic syndrome itself, h2 was 0.38. The wide spread of h2 results (0.07 to 0.68) indicates that some determinants, such as weight, BMI, and HDL level, are under significant genetic influence among the Omani Arabs. Other determinants such as insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, diastolic blood pressure, and TG levels seem to be more environmentally driven.