gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of a Bacteriophage with Meningococcal Disease in Young Adults (2008)

Despite being the agent of life-threatening meningitis, Neisseria meningitidis is usually carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx of humans and only occasionally causes disease. The genetic bases for virulence have not been entirely elucidated and the search for new virulence factors in this species is hampered by the lack of an animal model representative of the human disease. As an alternative strategy we employ a molecular epidemiological approach to establish a statistical association of a candidate virulence gene with disease in the human population. We examine the distribution of a previously-identified genetic element, a temperate bacteriophage, in 1288 meningococci isolated from cases of disease and asymptomatic carriage. The phage was over-represented in disease isolates from young adults indicating that it may contribute to invasive disease in this age group. Further statistical analysis indicated that between 20% and 45% of the pathogenic potential of the five most common disease-causing meningococcal groups was linked to the presence of the phage. In the absence of an animal model of human disease, this molecular epidemiological approach permitted the estimation of the influence of the candidate virulence factor. Such an approach is particularly valuable in the investigation of exclusively human diseases.
Transcriptional and post‐transcriptional effects of glucose on liver phospho<i>enol</i>pyruvate‐carboxykinase gene expression (1991)

The present study investigates the effect of glucose on the gene expression of the hepatic glucoregulatory enzyme, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PPrvck). By use of hepatocytes in culture and FAO hepatoma cells it could be demonstrated that glucose suppressed the effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Bt2cAMP), glucocorticoids or both, to increase PPrvck mRNA and consequently PPrvck enzyme activity. Glucose had a dual effect; it reduced PPrvck gene transcription and it accelerated the rate of PPrvck mRNA degradation. The effect was specific for glucose, as glucose-related carbohydrates such as mannose, galactose and sorbitol were without effect on PPrvck mRNA. The repressive effect of glucose was limited to certain proteins; glucose had no effect on Bt2cAMP and glucocorticoid provoked induction of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT). Also the pattern of mRNA in vitro translation products was virtually unaffected when FAO hepatoma cells were incubated either in the presence or absence of glucose, demonstrating the specificity of the effect of glucose on gene expression of selected proteins. In FAO hepatoma cells and in hepatocytes in culture, insulin, like glucose, also decreased PPrvck mRNA. While the effect of glucose and insulin was additive in FAO hepatoma cells, in primary hepatocytes in culture an effect of glucose by itself on PPrvck mRNA could only be demonstrated in the absence of insulin. Correspondingly also in vivo, the effect of glucose was demonstrated in the absence of insulin (provoked by streptozotocin diabetes); glucose application reduced the amount of hepatic PPrvck mRNA. To summarize, glucose is capable of suppressing the effect of glucocorticoids and Bt2cAMP on increasing the PPrvck mRNA level. The carbohydrate reduces the rate of PPrvck gene transcription and accelerates the rate of PPrvck mRNA degradation. While in FAO hepatoma cells the effect is evident in the presence of insulin, in hepatocytes in culture the effect of glucose cannot be demonstrated in the presence of insulin, questioning its role under physiological conditions.
(±)-cis-2-Methylspiro[1,3-oxathiolane-5,3-quinuclidine] Hydrochloride, Hemihydrate (SNI-2011, Cevimeline Hydrochloride) Induces Saliva and Tear Secretions in Rats and Mice: The Role of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors (1998)

We investigated effects of (+/-)-cis-2-methylspiro[1,3-oxathiolane-5,3'-quinuclidine] hydrochloride, hemihydrate (SNI-2011, cevimeline hydrochloride), a rigid analogue of acetylcholine, on saliva and tear secretions in rats and mice to evaluate its therapeutical efficacy for xerostomia and xerophthalmia in patients with Sjogren's syndrome and X-ray exposure in the head and neck. Intraduodenal administrations of SNI-2011 increased saliva secretion in a dose-dependent manner at doses ranging from 3 to 30 mg/kg in normal rats and mice, two strains of autoimmune disease mice and X-irradiated saliva secretion defective rats. The salivation elicited by SNI-2011 was completely inhibited by atropine. A similar atropine-sensitive response was observed in tear secretion. In rat submandibular/sublingual gland membranes, [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) binding was saturable, and Scatchard plot analysis revealed a single population of binding sites with a Kd of 22 pM and a maximal binding capacity of 60 fmol/mg protein. The competitive inhibition curve of the [3H]QNB binding by SNI-2011 was obtained, and its dissociation constant value calculated from IC50 was 1-2 microM. These results suggest that SNI-2011 increases saliva and tear secretions through a direct stimulation to muscarinic receptors in salivary and lacrimal glands, and they suggest that SNI-2011 should be beneficial to patients with Sjögren's syndrome and X-ray exposure in the head and neck.
Characterization of Lubricating Oils by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (1980)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The oxidative stability of formulated lubricating oils, and virgin and re-refined lubricating base stocks, have been determined by high pressure differential scanning calorimetry. At pressures of 0.7 - 3.4 MPa (100-500) psig) air or O<sub>2</sub> and temperatures near 200°C, degradation occurs with an appreciable generation of heat. Experiments have been conducted in both temperature programmed and isothermal modes. These data have been compared with multicylinder engine sequence test (III-C) results. Sensitivity to effects caused by a NOX environment, traces of olefinic materials added in the oil and the nature of metal surfaces have been demonstrated. Data on the response of re-refined and virgin base stocks to fixed quantities of an additive have been obtained. They are indicative of the wide diversity of the substances in question. The results of these studied indicate that the induction period measurements yield important information on the response of base stocks to additive treatment which could be used in quality control for formulating lubricating oils. Further studies are, however, needed to obtain more definite conclusions.</div>
Review of Pharmaceutical Applications of N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (2010)

N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or Pharmasolve is very strong solubilizing agent and it has important applications in different fields of industry. This review presents NMP physicochemical characteristics, application especially in pharmaceutical sciences, pharmacokinetic and toxicity. Characteristics of NMP such as physicochemical properties, solubilization efficacy, toxicity and adverse effects were compared with other common solvents used in the pharmaceutical industries. This review reveals that NMP is an acceptable pharmaceutical solvent and its efficacy, toxicity, and side effects are comparable with other common solvent.
Hispanic Employees in the Workplace (2010)

This article reviews the higher fatality and injury rates among the Hispanic population in the United States, whether legal immigrants, citizens, or illegal immigrants; reviews the current government and private industry regulations and safety programs; proposes additional legislation or programs; and describes the role of the occupational and environmental health nurse in reducing injuries and fatalities in this population.
Magnetic Properties of an Iron—Nickel Single Crystal Ordered by Neutron Bombardment (1964)

It has been shown that a new ordered structure can be obtained in an Fe-Ni (50%–50%) alloy, by irradiating it with neutrons below 320°C. This ordered structure is tetragonal (AuCu type) and leads to a very high magnetic anisotropy. We have studied the magnetic properties of a single-crystal disk irradiated with neutrons at 295°C, with an applied magnetic field along the [100] direction. The x-ray superlattice lines show that after irradiation the sample is made of small ordered crystallites with their tetragonal axes distributed along a [100], [010], or [001] direction. The study of the anisotropy energy in the sample plane [011], and the magnetization curves drawn for different directions, show that this sample presents the characteristics of a uniaxial substance. But if we express, in a classical way, the anisotropy energy by K1 sin2θ+K2 sin4θ, we find experimentally K1=3.2·106 ergs/cm3 and K2=2.3·106 ergs/cm3. This high value of K2 is not in agreement with the conception of independent crystallites. One of us (L.N.) has made a theory taking into account the exchange interaction between the crystallites which are in fact smaller than the magnetic domains. The formulas obtained in this way give a good agreement with the experimental results.
Evaluation of tolerance to Pierce's disease and <i>Botrytis</i> in transgenic plants of <i>Vitis vinifera</i> L. expressing the pear PGIP gene (2005)

SUMMARY Polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) are plant cell-wall proteins that specifically inhibit fungal endo-polygalacturonases (PGs) that contribute to the aggressive decomposition of susceptible plant tissues. The inhibition of fungal PGs by PGIPs suggests that PGIPs have a role in plant tolerance to fungal infections and this has been observed in transgenic plants expressing PGIPs. Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of Pierce's disease (PD) in grapevines, has genes that encode cell-wall-degrading enzymes, including a putative PG. Therefore, we hypothesized that PGIP expression could confer tolerance against this bacterium as well as against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. To test this hypothesis, Vitis vinifera cvs. 'Thompson Seedless' and 'Chardonnay' were transformed to express pear fruit PGIP-encoding gene (pPGIP) under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Substantial pear PGIP (pPGIP) activity was found in crude extracts from leaves and in xylem exudate of transgenic lines obtained from independent transformation events, but not in untransformed controls. pPGIP activity was detected in xylem exudate of untransformed scions grafted on to transgenic rootstocks expressing pPGIP. Leaves of transgenic plants infected with B. cinerea had reduced rates of lesion expansion. The development of PD was delayed in some transgenic lines with increased pPGIP activity. PD-tolerant transgenic lines had reduced leaf scorching, lower Xylella titres and better re-growth after pruning than the untransformed controls.
Role of TPS in 125I brachytherapy for orbital tumors (2012)

Objective To investigate the role of TPS in 125I brachytherapy for orbital tumors.Methods Sixty-six patients with orbital tumor treated with 125I seeds from 2005 to 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Forty-three patients were treated using TPS guided brachytherapy and the prescribed dose was 140 Gy.Other 23 patients were treated without TPS but simply implanted with 125I seeds at 1 cm intervals in parallelwith each other intraoperatively.CT and TPS quality verification were performed postoperatively in all patients.Also,CT and (or) MRI examination were performed at 3,6,12 and 24 months after brachytherapy for follow-up.x2 test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with log-rank significance test were used with SPSS 17.0.Results A total of 1070 125 I seeds were implanted in 66 cases,on average,( 16.2 ± 7.3) seeds for each patient.The satisfaction rates of postoperative quality verification in patients with and without TPS preplans were 79.07％ (34/43) and 43.48％ (10/23) respectively (x2 =8.542,P =0.003 ).Ten patients were lost in follow-up.Local recurrence rates in patients with favorable postoperative quality verification were 0(0/37) in 3 months,6.25％ (2/32) in 6 months,13.64％ (3/22) in 12 months and 3/9 in 24 months respectively,which were significantly different from those (5.26％ (1/19),16.67％ (3/18),30.77％ (4/13),6/6 )in the patients with inferior postoperative quality verification (x2 =9.017,P =0.0003).Conclusions TPS plays an important role in 125I brachytherapy for orbital tumors.Also,postoperative quality verification by TPS may help predict the local recurrence after brachytherapy.

Key words: 
Orbital neoplasms;  Brachytherapy;  Iodine radioisotopes;  Radiotherapy planning,computer-assissted
Naval Total Asset Visibility (NTAV) Precision Asset Location (PAL) - System Tests on the SS Curtiss (2004)

Two precision asset location (PAL) systems were tested on the SS Curtiss in Port Hueneme, California. The two systems were a commercial-off-the-shelf direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) system from WhereNet, Inc., and a prototype ultra-wideband (UWB) system from Multi-Spectral Solutions, Inc. (MSSI). The objective was to evaluate the two technologies for operation in high multipath shipboard environments. Testing was performed in open cargo spaces (worst-case multipath) and partially loaded cargo spaces (blockage). A reference laser surveying system was installed for comparison and accuracy tests were conducted over a cargo space. Both systems operated in the open-space shipboard environment and to each vendor's specified accuracy. Each system's accuracy decreased during blockage experiments. The University of Southern California's UltRa Lab characterized the SS Curtiss shipboard environment and found it had delay spreads on the order of 3 microsec, far exceeding the 10 to 300 ns delay spreads of office and industrial environments. Multipath nulls were also measured, with some as deep as 30 to 40 dB.
Low-cost efficient Interactive Whiteboard (2012)

In this paper we present a low-cost efficient Interactive Whiteboard that, by fusing depth and video information provided by a low-cost depth camera, is able to detect and track user movements.
First observation of double-twisted helical structure in a banana-shaped achiral molecule (1999)

The double-twisted helical structure was confirmed for the first time for the smectic phase of a banana-shaped molecular system from observation of the microscopic pattern. Optically polarized microscopic textures and phase transitions of 1,3-phenylene bis\[4-(3-chloro-4- n-octyloxyphenyliminomethyl) benzoate (PBCOB) and related compounds are described. The chloro-substituent introduced into the 3-position of the Schiff's base moiety of the banana-shaped molecule destabilized the smectic phase and enhanced new mesomorphic properties. The mesophases exhibited by the octyloxy homologue of the chloro-substituted compound were of the smectic phases, SmX1 and SmX2. The mixing behaviour between chloro-substituted and non-chloro-substituted compounds resulted in the appearance of a wide miscibility gap and enlargement of the SmX1 phase which can be seen in a lateral chloro-substituted compound.
Changes in lymphoid cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate metabolism during murine leukemogenesis. (1975)

Cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels were slightly increased in preleukemic AKR mouse thymus cells, compared with nonleukemic thymus cells, but were markedly reduced in leukemic cells. Adenylate cyclase activity rose during the preleukemic and leukemic phases of leukemogenesis. Although the drop of epinephrine-induced stimulation of thymus adenylate cyclase in the preleukemic phase was probably age related, there was an additional decrease of adenylate cyclase activation by epinephrine in leukemic cells. Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity was slightly higher in preleukemic cells and more than fourfold AKR thymus. These observations suggest that cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase is largely responsible for the low levels of cyclic AMP in leukemic cells. Significant changes in cyclic AMP metabolism are already detectable before neoplastic cells may be found in the thymus.
Achieving enhanced cell penetration of short conformationally constrained peptides through amphiphilicity tuning (2017)

Due to their enhanced stability and cell permeability, cyclic cell-penetrating peptides have been widely used as delivery vectors for transporting cell-impermeable cargos into cells. In this study, we synthesized a panel of conformationally constrained peptides with either α-helix or β-hairpin conformations. We tuned the amphiphilicity of these constrained peptides with different distributions of charged or hydrophobic residues and compared their cellular uptake efficiencies in different cell lines. We found that the amphipathicity of these conformationally constrained peptides correlates well with their cellular uptake efficiency. We proposed that peptides with larger hydrophobic moments (HMs) have stronger binding affinities with the cell membrane which further accelerates the endocytosis process. This finding should provide an approach towards the design of more potent conformationally constrained cell-penetrating peptides for biomedical applications.
Arrow Diagrams—II (1970)

An arrow diagram is usually the result of several successive drafts, as many as five or six for a big project. Various procedures are used, and so far in this book the emphasis has been on only one, that is, drawing up a list of individual jobs beforehand. This method happens to be convenient for teaching, but is sometimes too rigid for the practical development of a network:
MIMO Interference Alignment Over Correlated Channels With Imperfect CSI (2011)

Interference alignment (IA), given uncorrelated channel components and perfect channel state information, obtains the maximum degrees of freedom in an interference channel. Little is known, however, about how the sum rate of IA behaves at finite transmit power, with imperfect channel state information, or antenna correlation. This paper provides an approximate closed-form signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) expression for IA over multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels with imperfect channel state information and transmit antenna correlation. Assuming linear processing at the transmitters and zero-forcing receivers, random matrix theory tools are utilized to derive an approximation for the postprocessing SINR distribution of each stream for each user. Perfect channel knowledge and i.i.d. channel coefficients constitute special cases. This SINR distribution not only allows easy calculation of useful performance metrics like sum rate and symbol error rate, but also permits a realistic comparison of IA with other transmission techniques. More specifically, IA is compared with spatial multiplexing and beamforming and it is shown that IA may not be optimal for some performance criteria.
Ultrafast time-gated imaging in thick tissues: a step toward optical mammography (1993)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text B. B. Das, K. M. Yoo, and R. R. Alfano, "Ultrafast time-gated imaging in thick tissues: a step toward optical mammography," Opt. Lett. 18, 1092-1094 (1993) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Stearoyl CoA desaturase‐1 mediates the pro‐lipogenic effects of dietary saturated fat (2007)

Dietary saturated fats have often been implicated in the promotion of obesity. However, mice lacking the stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) gene cannot desaturate saturated fatty acids and are protected from diet‐induced obesity. Therefore, to determine the precise molecular roles of saturated and monounsaturated fats, we placed 8‐week old WT (n=6) and SCD1−/− (n=6) mice on high‐fat diets enriched in either tristearin (TS) or triolein (TO) for 1 week. While TS‐fed mice were hyperphagic, TO‐fed WT and SCD1−/− animals accumulated 1.6‐ and 10‐fold more white adipose tissue, and 1.8‐ and 3.9‐fold greater hepatic triglycerides, respectively, than TS‐fed counterparts. Saturated fats have been shown to induce lipogenic genes through the transcription factor, sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c) and its co‐activator, PPAR‐gamma coactivator ‐1β (PGC‐1β). In WT mice, TS‐feeding induces hepatic lipogenic genes, as measured by RT‐PCR, with the induction of SCD1 preceding that of other genes. However, SCD1−/− mice are protected from this effect, and SREBP‐1c and PGC‐1β levels are markedly reduced in TS‐fed SCD1−/− mice. Instead, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation is increased 2.4‐fold and, activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase, a potent sensor of cellular energy status, is induced 2‐fold in TS‐fed SCD1−/− mice, which are protected from saturated‐fat induced obesity. These results indicate that the lipogenic effect of saturated fats requires their endogenous desaturation by SCD. SCD could thus serve as a molecular switch in the promotion or prevention of lipid‐induced disorders brought on by consumption of excess saturated fat. This work has been supported by NIH Grant NIDDK‐R0162388 (JMN) and American Heart Association Predoctoral fellowship 0415001Z (HS).
A new biphenyl from Clusia melchiorii and a new tocotrienol from C. obdeltifolia (2006)

Chromatographic purification of the dichloromethane extract of Clusia melchiorii trunk leading to the isolation of a new biphenyl, 2,2-dimethyl-5-hydroxi-7-phenylchromene, along with the known compounds 2,2-dimethyl-5,10-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]chromene-5,10-dione (xyloidone), betulinic acid, friedelin, friedelinol, euphol, sitostenone, stigmastenone and a mixture of beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol. The hexane extract of Clusia obdeltifolia trunk yielded, after chromatographic fractionation, a new delta-tocotrienilic alcohol 2Z, 6E, 10E-13-(6-hydroxy-2,8-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H,2-chromenyl)-2,6,10-trimethyl-2,6, 10-tridecatrien-1-ol, along with 2Z and 2E-delta-tocotrienoloic acids, betulinic acid, betulonic acid, betunilic aldehyde, glutinol, friedelin, sitostenone and a mixture of beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol. Their structures were determined from spectral data and comparison with data from previously reported compounds.
The secretory proprotein convertases furin, PC5, and PC7 activate VEGF-C to induce tumorigenesis (2003)

The secretory factor VEGF-C has been directly implicated in various physiological processes during embryogenesis and human cancers. However, the importance of the conversion of its precursor proVEGF-C to mature VEGF-C in tumorigenesis, and vessel formation and the identity of the protease(s) that regulate these processes is/are not known. The intracellular processing of proVEGF-C that occurs within the dibasic motif HSIIRR(227)SL suggests the involvement of the proprotein convertases (PCs) in this process. In addition, furin and VEGF-C were found to be coordinately expressed in adult mouse tissues. Cotransfection of the furin-deficient colon carcinoma cell line LoVo with proVEGF-C and different PC members revealed that furin, PC5, and PC7 are candidate VEGF-C convertases. This finding is consistent with the in vitro digestions of an internally quenched synthetic fluorogenic peptide mimicking the cleavage site of proVEGF-C ((220)Q-VHSIIRR↓SLP(230)). The processing of proVEGF-C is blocked by the inhibitory prosegments of furin, PC5, and PACE4, as well as by furin-motif variants of α2-macroglobulin and α1-antitrypsin. Subcutaneous injection of CHO cells stably expressing VEGF-C into nude mice enhanced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, but not tumor growth. In contrast, expression of proVEGF-C obtained following mutation of the cleavage site (HSIIRR(227)SL to HSIISS(227)SL) inhibits angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis as well as tumor growth. Our findings demonstrate the processing of proVEGF-C by PCs and highlight the potential use of PC inhibitors as agents for inhibiting malignancies induced by VEGF-C.