gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated search for arthritic patterns in infrared spectra of synovial fluid using adaptive wavelets and fuzzy C-Means analysis (2006)

Analysis of synovial fluid by infrared (IR) clinical chemistry requires expert interpretation and is susceptible to subjective error. The application of automated pattern recognition (APR) may enhance the utility of IR analysis. Here, we describe an APR method based on the fuzzy C-means cluster adaptive wavelet (FCMC-AW) algorithm, which consists of two parts: one is a FCMC using the features from an M-band feature extractor adopting the adaptive wavelet algorithm and the second is a Bayesian classifier using the membership matrix generated by the FCMC. A FCMC-cross-validated quadratic probability measure (FCMC-CVQPM) criterion is used under the assumption that the class probability density is equal to the value of the membership matrix. Therefore, both values of posterior probabilities and selection criterion MFQ can be obtained through the membership matrix. The distinctive advantage of this method is that it provides not only the 'hard' classification of a new pattern, but also the confidence of this classification, which is reflected by the membership matrix.
The properties of sub-20-micron Permalloy fiber formed by melt extraction (1992)

Fibers of Permalloy of different compositions have been manufactured in diameters from 5-20 mu using a technique of melt-extraction. The molten material is raised on to the edge of a sharpened rotating molybdenum wheel whose tangential velocity is typically about 60 ms/sup -1/. The surface of fibers is free formed and is almost without defects. The radial cooling and high quenching rates result in a unique crystalline and magnetic microstructure. The fibers show outstanding soft magnetic properties and require no annealing to optimize performance. They also exhibit strong resistance to degradation under mechanical stress and are especially attractive for sensor applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Connectivity properties of two‐dimensional fracture networks with stochastic fractal correlation (2003)

We present a theoretical and numerical study of the connectivity of fracture networks with fractal correlations. In addition to length distribution, this spatial property observed on most fracture networks conveys long‐range correlation that may be crucial on network connectivity. We especially focus on the model that comes out relevant to natural fracture network: a fractal density distribution for the fracture centers (dimension D ) and a power law distribution for the fracture lengths (exponent a , n ( l ) ∼ l − a ). Three different regimes of connectivity are identified depending on D and on a . For a < D + 1 the length distribution prevails against fractal correlation on network connectivity. In this case, global connectivity is mostly ruled by the largest fractures whose length is of the order of the system size, and thus the connectivity increases with scale. For a > D + 1 the connectivity is ruled by fractures much smaller than the system size with a strong control of spatial correlation; the connectivity now decreases with system scale. Finally, for the self‐similar case ( a = D + 1), which corresponds to the transition between the two previous regimes, connectivity properties are scale invariant: percolation threshold corresponds to a critical fractal density and the average number of intersections per fracture at threshold is a scale invariant as well.
NUMVEC FORTRAN library manual : chapter: simultaneous linear equations, update #1 (1987)

This document describes two NUMVEC FORTRAN Library routines, INVGJ and GJPCF.INVGJ calculates the approximate inverse of a real square matrix by Gaul3-Jordan elimination with partial pivoting using column interchanges.GJPCF calculates the approximate solution of a set of real linear equations with multiple right hand sides, AX = B, by GauB-Jordan elimination with partial pivoting using column interchanges.GJPCF replaces rou- tine GAUJOR, documented in Report NM-R8614, May 1986.
A dynamic user authentication scheme for wireless sensor networks (2006)

In this paper, we consider user authentication (UA) for wireless sensor networks. UA is a fundamental issue in designing dependable and secure systems. Imagine that a wireless sensor network is deployed in an intelligent building, a hospital, or even a university campus, to allow legitimate users to send queries and retrieve the respective result at any of the sensor nodes. Importantly, the system needs to provide a means of user authentication to verify if the user is valid. We propose a dynamic strong-password based solution to this access control problem and adapt it into a wireless sensor network environment. The proposed strong-password authentication approach imposes very light computational load and requires simple operations, such as one-way hash function and exclusive-OR operations. We present the design of the proposed scheme and discuss how to make use of the security features on MAC sublayer (medium access control) based on the IEEE 802.15.4 specification. Analysis on security and communication costs is presented to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Strong Antimicrobial Coatings: Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Armored with Biopolymers (2008)

Large scale biomimetic single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) coatings with significant antimicrobial activity, high Young's Modulus, and controlled morphology were fabricated using layer-by-layer assembly. Thickness was controlled within 1.6 nm and SWNT orientation was controlled using a directed air stream. This unique blend of multifunctionality and vertical and lateral control of a bottom-up assembly process is a significant advancement in developing macroscale assemblies with the combined attributes of SWNTs and natural materials.
A comparison of isocaloric high carbohydrate and high fat test meals in diabetics (1984)

Ten diabetic patients were given test meals at breakfast and lunch on successive days to compare the acute glycaemic responses to meals either high (65%) (HC) or extremely low (12%) in carbohydrate; the latter was very high (71%) in fat (HF). The meals were isocaloric and fibre content, though higher in HC, was within the range of the average British intake for both diets. The mean fasting blood glucose levels were similar on the 2 days (9.8 mmol/l; 9.6 mmol/l) but mean peak post-prandial levels were significantly greater after the HC meals (17.7 mmol/l after breakfast and 14.1 mmol/l after lunch) than after the HF meals (11.7 mmol/litre after breakfast; P less than 0.02; 8.1 mmol/l after lunch; P less than 0.02). Mean blood glucose value for the 6-hr study period was significantly higher after the HC meals (14.0 mmol/l) than after the HF meals (9.2 mmol/l; P less than 0.001). There was no significant difference in mean fasting, peak or total mean triglyceride level. In the short term, therefore, meals very low in carbohydrate and high in fat are followed by a lower glycaemic response than meals high in carbohydrate but with only a usual (22 g/day) fibre content. Delayed gastric emptying after HF meals may well contribute to the results but long-term use of such HF meals is not advised in view of the extremely high fat content.
Gaseous Ion Recombination Rates (1964)

The rate at which gaseous ions neutralize each other has been measured in a variety of gases over a relatively wide pressure range. The results indicate that neutralization occurs by parallel bimolecular and termolecular processes. The rate of the termolecular process is sensitive to the nature of the inert gas in which recombination occurs. Two mechanisms for the termolecular process are discussed.
STUDIES OF THE SINTERING AND HOMOGENIZATION OF NICKEL-COPPER COMPACTS (1962)

Studies are described of the progress of sintering and alloying in compacts of similar compositions made from nickel-coated copper, copper-coated nickel, and mixed nickel and copper powders. Density losses observed in the early stages of sintering were lower in magnitude and were more quickly recovered in the case of the composite powder compacts. Alloying by diffusion at both 1900 and 2200°F (1040 and 1205°C) progressed most rapidly in compacts prepared from nickel-coated copper powders, and the probable reasons for this observation are discussed in detail. Electrical resistivity was used to follow homogenization of the compacts, and samples were rendered nearly 100% dense by cold working and annealing before making resistivity measurements. Resistivity / sintering-time curves for dense specimens showed no maxima of the type reported by earlier investigators for porous compacts, which were attributed to alloying effects.
A short new azulene synthesis (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA short new azulene synthesisLawrence T. Scott, Mark A. Minton, and Mark A. KirmsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 20, 6311–6314Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00540a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00540a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1878Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Subcellular localization and endocytic function of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein in human glioblastoma cells. (1994)

The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) is a multifunctional cell surface receptor that binds and endocytoses several structurally and functionally distinct ligands. Several of the ligands for LRP participate in both normal physiology and pathophysiology of the central nervous system. To begin to gain insights into the role of LRP in the central nervous system, we have analyzed the expression, subcellular distribution, and endocytic function of LRP in human glioblastoma U87 cells. These cells express an abundance of LRP at both the mRNA and protein levels. A 39-kDa protein, which copurifies with LRP and regulates its ligand binding activity, is also highly expressed in U87 cells. The subcellular localization of LRP and the 39-kDa protein was analyzed using scanning laser confocal and electron microscopy combined with immunolabeled U87 cells. At the plasma membrane, LRP was largely confined to clathrin-coated pits. Within cells, LRP and the 39-kDa protein partially colocalized within rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex, suggesting a potential intracellular interaction between the two proteins. Little 39-kDa protein was found in endosomes in which LRP occurred abundantly. In examining the functional role of LRP in U87 cells, we found that LRP at the cell surface and along the cellular processes was functional in the binding and endocytosis of its ligands, and its activity therein was regulated by the 39-kDa protein. Using truncated recombinant 39-kDa protein constructs, we also demonstrated that distinct regions of the 39-kDa protein were responsible for inhibiting the binding of different LRP ligands on U87 cells. Our results thus strongly suggest several potential roles for LRP in brain protein and lipoprotein metabolism, as well as control of extracellular protease activity.
Triton X-114 based cloud point extraction: a thermoreversible approach for separation/concentration and dispersion of nanomaterials in the aqueous phase (2009)

Capable of preserving the sizes and shapes of nanomaterials during the phase transferring, Triton X-114 based cloud point extraction provides a general, simple, and cost-effective route for reversible concentration/separation or dispersion of various nanomaterials in the aqueous phase.
Hyperosmotic Infiltration: Factors Influencing Uptake of Bovine Serum Albumin by Rainbow Trout (<i>Salmo gairdneri</i>) (1978)

Infiltration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) into the blood of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) by hyperosmotic infiltration (HI) was studied by varying the osmotic pressure, immersion time, pH, temperature, stress, vacuum, and fish size. Compared with uptake of BSA from water solutions, about 1400 mosM (4.51%) NaCl was required to increase the plasma level of BSA during a 3-min immersion. Higher osmotic pressures resulted in higher plasma-BSA levels, but the uptake of BSA was limited by the length of time that fish could tolerate the high NaCl concentration. Comparison of immersion time in the solutions of the two-step HI method showed that maximum infiltration occurred after a 2–3-min bath in the 5.32% NaCl solution and only 30 s in the 2% BSA solution. Alkaline solution (pH 9) enhanced BSA uptake in the one-step method, but the two-step method was most effective if the NaCl solution was pH 9 and the BSA solution pH 5. BSA uptake was directly proportional to water temperature from 4 to 20 °C. Preimmersion stress, and injection of 10 μg epinephrine, reduced BSA uptake; vacuum and fish weight (2–8 g) had no effect on uptake of BSA. Hyperosmotic infiltration may be useful for mass delivery of vaccines, pharmaceuticals, and other materials. Key words: hyperosmotic infiltration, bovine serum albumin, osmotic pressure, vaccines, immersion, rocket immunoelectrophoresis
Real-time measurements of spontaneous breathers and rogue wave events in optical fibre modulation instability (2016)

Modulation instability is a fundamental process of nonlinear science, leading to the unstable breakup of a constant amplitude solution of a physical system. There has been particular interest in studying modulation instability in the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation, a generic model for a host of nonlinear systems including superfluids, fibre optics, plasmas and Bose-Einstein condensates. Modulation instability is also a significant area of study in the context of understanding the emergence of high amplitude events that satisfy rogue wave statistical criteria. Here, exploiting advances in ultrafast optical metrology, we perform real-time measurements in an optical fibre system of the unstable breakup of a continuous wave field, simultaneously characterizing emergent modulation instability breather pulses and their associated statistics. Our results allow quantitative comparison between experiment, modelling and theory, and are expected to open new perspectives on studies of instability dynamics in physics.
A synopsis of the nearctic species of Antic/meta Haliday with one new species. (Diptera: Sciomyzidae.) (1971)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Cloning and mapping the mouse Crygs gene and non-lens expression of [gamma]S-crystallin. (1998)

These results suggest that [gamma]-crystallins have a non-crystallin role outside the lens, one which may predate the lens in evolutionary terms. Non-lens expression seems to increase with age in young mice, hinting that [gamma]S may have a role similar to that of a stress protein in tissues of the eye, perhaps related to accumulating insults resulting from light exposure.
Apple, Test of Insecticides, 1978 (1979)

Abstract Experimental sprays were applied to runoff to single-tree plots in a randomized block design consisting of 4 replicates of Golden Delicious. Treated single trees were separated by others not sprayed with insecticides. Experimental sprays were applied with a John Bean sprayer, 35-gpm pump, equipped with a spray mast carrying 7 spray guns arranged to wet the uniformly trimmed trees. Approximately 8.0 gallons of spray was applied per replicate tree. Spray dates for the test insecticides were: May 30, Jun 15, 29, Jul 12, 26, Aug 9, 23, and Sep 6. During May, general sprays involving Cyprex, Polyram, sulfur, and calcium chloride were applide with an airblast sprayer at 50 gallons of water/acre to the whole experimental block. From June through July, the general sprays involved captan, sulfur, and calcium chloride. Late season general sprays were of captan and zineb. Average temperatures were: May 58.6°F, Jun 68.5°F, Jul 70.4°F, Aug 74.1°F, and Sep 64.8°F. Rainfall in inches averaged: May 5.67, Jun 3.24, Jul 7.98, Aug 2.46, and Sep 1.5. Effectiveness on the apple aphid was evaluated by counting the number of infested terminals/10 top terminals/tree, the number of aphid infested leaves/terminal, and the number of aphids/most infested leaf/infested terminal. The effect of the sprays on the white apple leafhopper was evaluated by counting the number of nymphs/25 leaves/tree. The effectiveness of the test materials on the the Japanese beetle was assessed by counting the number of damaged terminals/20 top terminals/tree and the number of damaged leaves/terminal. Effectiveness of the test chemicals on the European red mite, the two-spotted spider mite, and predatory mites was evaluated by counting the mites several times during the season on samples of 15 leaves/tree, 60 leaves/treatment. The effect of sprays of the predator S.punctum was evaluated by 3-min. counts of adults and larvae around the periphery of the test trees. Effectiveness of chemicals on fruit feeders was assessed by scoring for injury all drops after Jun 27 and 2 picked samples on Aug 2] and Sep 20. Apple samples averaged 220 fruits/replicate and 880/treatment. Pest pressure was moderate throughout the season.
Purines. <b>XIV</b>. Synthesis and properties of 8‐nitroxanthine and its <i>N</i>‐methyl derivatives (1993)

Abstract Xanthine ( 1 ) and its N ‐methyl derivatives 2–16 have been nitrated to the corresponding 8‐nitro derivatives 17–32 under different reaction conditions. Nitration in glacial acetic acid with nitric acid works well with the N‐7 unsubstituted and some of the 9‐methylxanthines, respectively, whereas the 7‐methylxanthine derivatives react best with nitronium tetrafluoroborate in sulfolane or glacial acetic acid. The 8‐nitro group can be displaced nucleophilically to form 8‐chloro‐, 33, 34 , 8‐ethoxy‐, 35,36 , and uric acid derivatives 37–40 , respectively. The newly synthesized 8‐nitroxanthines have been characterized by elemental analyses, p K ‐determinations and uv and 1 H‐nmr spectra.
Se-Methylselenocysteine: A New Compound for Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer (2001)

Selenium compounds have attracted renewed interest as chemopreventive agents for human cancer on the basis of the pioneering intervention study by Clark and coworkers. The rodent mammary gland has been used extensively as a model for examining the chemopreventive activities of inorganic and organic selenium compounds. This review summarizes the rationale and results for use of a new organic selenium compound, Se-methylselenocysteine, which exhibits greater efficacy as a chemopreventive agent than several previously used selenium compounds in experimental models of breast cancer and has potential for use in human populations.
Fan-beam filtered-backprojection reconstruction without backprojection weight (2007)

In this paper, we address the problem of two-dimensional image reconstruction from fan-beam data acquired along a full 2pi scan. Conventional approaches that follow the filtered-backprojection (FBP) structure require a weighted backprojection with the weight depending on the point to be reconstructed and also on the source position; this weight appears only in the case of divergent beam geometries. Compared to reconstruction from parallel-beam data, the backprojection weight implies an increase in computational effort and is also thought to have some negative impacts on noise properties of the reconstructed images. We demonstrate here that direct FBP reconstruction from full-scan fan-beam data is possible with no backprojection weight. Using computer-simulated, realistic fan-beam data, we compared our novel FBP formula with no backprojection weight to the use of an FBP formula based on equal weighting of all data. Comparisons in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, spatial resolution and computational efficiency are presented. These studies show that the formula we suggest yields images with a reduced noise level, at almost identical spatial resolution. This effect increases quickly with the distance from the center of the field of view, from 0% at the center to 20% less noise at 20 cm, and to 40% less noise at 25 cm. Furthermore, the suggested method is computationally less demanding and reduces computation time with a gain that was found to vary between 12% and 43% on the computers used for evaluation.
High Performance InAlN/GaN/Si High Electron Mobility Transistor Using Microwave Ohmic Annealing Technique (2018)

In this study, a high-performance InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) was fabricated using low-temperature microwave annealing (MWA) as the ohmic metal alloy process for the first time. Ni–Al alloy aggregation is significant for InAlN devices because of the high Al fraction in InAlN layer. Furthermore, the indium segregation and out-diffusion of the InAlN barrier layer resulted in lower drain current and the formation of extra trap centers. Compared with traditional rapid thermal annealing with a high-temperature process window, MWA results in simultaneously superior ohmic contact and wafer sheet resistances because of the superior surface morphology of the ohmic metal alloy in the MWA device. Moreover, the heterostructure interfacial quality of two-dimensional electron gas density can be maintained through low-temperature MWA, as indicated by reciprocal space map measurements. Furthermore, Baliga's figure-of-merit calculation indicated that the MWA-InAlN HEMT had superior DC characteristics, providing improved device radiofrequency bandwidth and output power density performance.
A Primate Model for Studying Focal Dystonia and Repetitive Strain Injury: Effects on the Primary Somatosensory Cortex (1997)

Attended, highly articulated, repetitive finger squeezing degrades the hand representation and interferes with motor control. A proximal, more variable repetitive strategy minimized the sensory degradation and preserved motor control. Restoring the hand representation may be a critical part of treatment for patients with chronic RSI and focal hand dystonia.
Impact of timing error on the performance of multiuser detection in multirate CDMA systems (2003)

This paper presents the impact of timing error on the performance of multirate direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems based on variable spreading factor (VSF) using multiuser detection techniques such as the parallel interference cancellation (PIC) detector. The performance is evaluated for a single-rate and a three-rate system using Monte-Carlo simulation in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel without multipath fading. The bit error probability (BEP) of the matched filter (MF) and the PIC detector with and without timing errors are compared.