gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparison of satellite MCSST with ship measured SST in the North Indian Ocean (1997)

Abstract The evaluation of Multichannel Sea Surface Temperature (MCSST) weekly charts on a global scale produced by NOAA‐NESDIS has been carried out for the North Indian Ocean. It is believed that the atmospheric conditions over the North Indian Ocean affect the estimation of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from remotely sensed data. Hence, an attempt has been made to validate the MCSSTs with the ship observations over the North Indian Ocean. The ship observations (Total 5,350) reported in the Indian Daily Weather Reports (IDWRs) were used for comparison with the MCSSTs with an assumption that the SST will not vary much during a week (< 0.5°C) in the North Indian Ocean. The total data set has been divided into seasonal (premonsoon, monsoon and post monsoon), time of the day (0000 0600 1200 and 1800 GMT) and regions (Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Lower, Middle and Upper latitudes) to study the accuracies in estimation of MCSSTs over the North Indian Ocean. This division of the data set is made since the atmospheric water vapour content is highly variable over seasons, time of day and also different geographical regions. The results revealed that the accuracies of MCSSTs are better than 1°C (RMS deviation is ± 0.7) over the North Indian Ocean. It is concluded that the split window technique provides a good estimation of SSTs even in the regions where the atmospheric water vapour content is highly variable.
Characterization of cytochrome c as marker for retinal cell degeneration by uv/vis spectroscopic imaging (2011)

Retinal diseases like age-related macular degeneration have become an important cause of visual loss depending on increasing life expectancy and lifestyle habits. Due to the fact that no satisfying treatment exists, early diagnosis and prevention are the only possibilities to stop the degeneration. The protein cytochrome c (cyt c) is a suitable marker for degeneration processes and apoptosis because it is a part of the respiratory chain and involved in the apoptotic pathway. The determination of the local distribution and oxidative state of cyt c in living cells allows the characterization of cell degeneration processes. Since cyt c exhibits characteristic absorption bands between 400 and 650 nm wavelength, uv/vis in situ spectroscopic imaging was used for its characterization in retinal ganglion cells. The large amount of data, consisting of spatial and spectral information, was processed by multivariate data analysis. The challenge consists in the identification of the molecular information of cyt c. Baseline correction, principle component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were performed in order to identify cyt c within the spectral dataset. The combination of PCA and CA reveals cyt c and its oxidative state. The results demonstrate that uv/vis spectroscopic imaging in conjunction with sophisticated multivariate methods is a suitable tool to characterize cyt c under in situ conditions.
Learning the Latent “Look”: Unsupervised Discovery of a Style-Coherent Embedding from Fashion Images (2017)

What defines a visual style? Fashion styles emerge organically from how people assemble outfits of clothing, making them difficult to pin down with a computational model. Low-level visual similarity can be too specific to detect stylistically similar images, while manually crafted style categories can be too abstract to capture subtle style differences. We propose an unsupervised approach to learn a style-coherent representation. Our method leverages probabilistic polylingual topic models based on visual attributes to discover a set of latent style factors. Given a collection of unlabeled fashion images, our approach mines for the latent styles, then summarizes outfits by how they mix those styles. Our approach can organize galleries of outfits by style without requiring any style labels. Experiments on over 100K images demonstrate its promise for retrieving, mixing, and summarizing fashion images by their style.
Anwendung von Übergangsmetallkomplexen zum Bleichen von Textilien und Holzpulpe (2005)

Abstract Aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht gehört das Bleichen von Textilien und Papier zu den wichtigsten Oxidationsprozessen. Das Entfernen unerwünschter Chromophore, sei es in Flecken auf Textilien oder bei Ligninrückständen in Holzpulpe, verbraucht mehr als 60 % der weltweiten Produktion an Wasserstoffperoxid. Die bestehenden Technologien stoßen jedoch an Grenzen: Bei Raumtemperatur hat Wasserstoffperoxid nur eine geringe Bleichwirkung auf Flecken und wird zudem nur ineffizient genutzt. Die hohe Dosierung und die hohe Temperatur, die daher für eine gute Fleckbleiche erforderlich sind, schränken den Gebrauch von Wasserstoffperoxid ein. Bei der Papierherstellung entstehen beim Gebrauch chlorbasierter Bleichmittel chlorierte Abfallprodukte, die nur sehr schwer biologisch abbaubar sind. Wasserstoffperoxid wiederum erfordert höhere Temperaturen, längere Reaktionszeiten und ist zudem teurer. Hier bieten Übergangsmetallkomplexe eine Alternative. Dieser Aufsatz diskutiert die Hauptklassen bekannter Bleichkatalysatoren und ihre möglichen Wirkungsweisen.
Angiotensinogen M235T and T174M Gene Polymorphisms in Combination Doubles the Risk of Mortality in Heart Failure (2006)

Angiotensinogen M235T and T174M polymorphisms have individually been associated with elevated levels of plasma angiotensinogen, hypertension, and left ventricular hypertrophy. In this study, heart failure patients (n=451) were genotyped for the angiotensinogen M235T and T174M polymorphisms to investigate association with survival (recorded over 4 years of follow-up) and prognostic hormone markers. Patients carrying the 235TT genotype (n=86) were 3 years younger at admission (P=0.011), and, in those with hypertension, diagnosis was made approximately 10 years earlier than other patients. Patients carrying >or=1 174M allele (n=94) were more likely to have a previous history of heart failure (P=0.044) and increased mortality during follow-up (risk ratio: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.79; P=0.038) compared with 174TT homozygotes (n=355), despite having a higher left ventricular ejection fraction (P=0.009). "High-risk" genotype combinations (defined a priori as 235TT and/or >or=1 174M allele; n=144; 32%) were independently predictive of mortality, conferring a 2-fold greater risk of dying during the follow-up period (odds ratio: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.3 to 3.0; P=0.001). This study suggested that angiotensinogen gene variants M235T and T174M may provide prognostic information for long-term survival in heart failure patients.
Touch Well Before Use (2019)

Internet of Things (IoT) are densely deployed in smart environments, such as homes, factories and laboratories, where many people have physical access to IoT devices. How to authenticate users operating on these devices is thus an important problem. IoT devices usually lack conventional user interfaces, such as keyboards and mice, which makes traditional authentication methods inapplicable. We present a virtual sensing technique that allows IoT devices to virtually sense user 'petting' (in the form of some very simple touches for about 2 seconds) on the devices. Based on this technique, we build a secure and intuitive authentication method that authenticates device users by comparing the petting operations sensed by devices and those captured by the user wristband. The authentication method is highly secure as physical operations are required, rather than based on proximity. It is also intuitive, adopting very simple authentication operations, e.g., clicking buttons, twisting rotary knobs, and swiping touchscreens. Unlike the state-of-the-art methods, our method does not require any hardware modifications of devices, and thus can be applied to commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices. We build prototypes and evaluate them comprehensively, demonstrating their high effectiveness, security, usability, and efficiency.
Characteristics of a Mode-Locked TEA CO2 Laser (1971)

The pulse width of a mode-locked TEA CO2 laser has been accurately measured for the first time. The dependence of the pulse width on cavity modulation frequency and cavity loss has been determined. The results are evaluated in light of existing theory.
The therapeutic potential of novel cardiotonic agents (2003)

During the course of treatment of heart failure patients, cardiotonic agents are inevitable for improvement of myocardial dysfunction. Clinically available agents, such as beta-adrenoceptor agonists and selective phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitors, act mainly via cyclic AMP/protein kinase A-mediated facilitation of Ca(2+) mobilisation (upstream mechanism). These agents are associated with the risk of Ca(2+) overload leading to arrhythmias, myocardial cell injury and premature cell death. In addition, they are energetically disadvantageous because of an increase in activation energy and metabolic effects. Cardiac glycosides act also via an upstream mechanism and readily elicit Ca(2+) overload with a narrow safety margin. No currently available agents act primarily via an increase in the myofilament sensitivity to Ca(2+) ions (central and/or downstream mechanisms). Novel Ca(2+) sensitisers under basic research may deserve clinical trials to examine the therapeutic potential to replace currently employed agents in acute and chronic heart failure patients. Molecular mechanisms of action of Ca(2+) sensitisers are divergent. In addition, they show a wide range of discrete pharmacological profiles due to additional actions associated with individual compounds. Therefore, the outcome of clinical trials has to be explained carefully based on these mechanisms of actions.
Model Assertions for Monitoring and Improving ML Models (2020)

ML models are increasingly deployed in settings with real world interactions such as vehicles, but unfortunately, these models can fail in systematic ways. To prevent errors, ML engineering teams monitor and continuously improve these models. We propose a new abstraction, model assertions, that adapts the classical use of program assertions as a way to monitor and improve ML models. Model assertions are arbitrary functions over a model's input and output that indicate when errors may be occurring, e.g., a function that triggers if an object rapidly changes its class in a video. We propose methods of using model assertions at all stages of ML system deployment, including runtime monitoring, validating labels, and continuously improving ML models. For runtime monitoring, we show that model assertions can find high confidence errors, where a model returns the wrong output with high confidence, which uncertainty-based monitoring techniques would not detect. For training, we propose two methods of using model assertions. First, we propose a bandit-based active learning algorithm that can sample from data flagged by assertions and show that it can reduce labeling costs by up to 40% over traditional uncertainty-based methods. Second, we propose an API for generating "consistency assertions" (e.g., the class change example) and weak labels for inputs where the consistency assertions fail, and show that these weak labels can improve relative model quality by up to 46%. We evaluate model assertions on four real-world tasks with video, LIDAR, and ECG data.
<title>Signal analysis applications of nonlinear dynamics and higher-order statistics</title> (1994)

The use of higher-order statistics (HOS) in acoustic, and financial signal analysis applications is outlined in theory and followed with specific data examples. HOS analysis is used to identify data regions of interest, and nonlinear dynamics (ND) analysis is used in a 4D embedded space to show structural density changes resulting from the HOS regions. A second-order statistical comparison is made with the same data processed to have random Fourier phase, since the HOS information is contained in this nonrandom phase. These empirical results indicate that HOS data regions are structural distortions to a second-order planar disk in the 4D ND analysis space.
Evaluation of the Secondary Structure of Vaccinia‐Virus Thymidine Kinase by Circular‐Dichroism Spectroscopy of Overlapping Synthetic Peptides (1996)

A new approach is reported that includes multiple-peptide synthesis and CD spectroscopy of overlapping peptides to evaluate the secondary structure of the vaccinia-virus thymidine kinase (TK). We divided the sequence of the vaccinia-virus TK into 82 peptides of 15 residues that overlapped by 13 residues and covered the complete sequence of vaccinia-virus TK. All peptides were synthesized by solid-phase multiple-peptide synthesis by means of the Fmoc/tert-butyl strategy. Subsequently, the secondary structure of each peptide was studied by means of CD spectroscopy in a mixture of 30% trifluoroethanol and sodium phosphate, pH 7. Secondary-structure evaluation led to determination of a vaccinia-virus-TK secondary-structure pattern. Consecutive peptides with alpha-helical content mainly showed CD spectra with increasing and decreasing Cotton effects typical of alpha-helices. This phenomenon was used to localize the helices on the sequence. In contrast, only single CD spectra with clear beta-sheet conformation, or CD spectra of mixed secondary-structure content were observed for beta-sheets. Therefore, the exact localization of beta-sheet-containing residues was deduced by comparison with isofunctional sequence-dissimilar proteins. We identified seven alpha-helices and six beta-sheet-containing regions, which we used for a secondary-structure model of the vaccinia-virus TK protein.
The Acid Hydrolysis of Egg Albumin. I. Kinetic Studies (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Acid Hydrolysis of Egg Albumin. I. Kinetic StudiesHenry B. Bull and J. Wilfrid HahnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 6, 2128–2131Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01186a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01186a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Potential of immune biomarkers for predicting survival in glioblastoma patients receiving dendritic cell cancer immunotherapy (VAC12P.1012) (2014)

Abstract Activartis is developing AV0113, an autologous dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccine for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). AV0113 is characterized by high release of IL-12, Th1 polarization and a potent anti-tumor immune response. A total of 78 GBM patients have been recruited into a randomized Phase II clinical trial. All patients received first line standard therapy for GBM and patients in the treatment group received AV0113 as an add-on treatment. A recent evaluation revealed a clear trend towards survival benefit for patients receiving AV0113 compared to the control group. In the treatment group 3 of 19 patients had died (16%), whereas in the control group 9 of 20 patients had died (45%). Patients’ chances to survive the first year are close to 3 times greater if they receive AV0113. Based on the hypothesis that there are immune parameters that could predict response to cancer immunotherapy (CIT), we investigated a total of 90 variables in the peripheral blood of GBM patients before, during and after CIT. We detected pre-existing anti-tumor immune responses and found that these responses were higher in patients that survived longer after CIT. Furthermore, a high increase in the anti-tumor responses after CIT was observed in long-term survivor patients and was associated with high percentage of CD3, CD8, NK and Th1 phenotypes as well as lower T regulatory cells in the peripheral blood. These Immune Parameters might be used as prognostic biomarkers and guidance for CIT.
CDKL5/STK9 is mutated in Rett syndrome variant with infantile spasms (2005)

Our results show that CDKL5 is responsible for a rare variant of Rett syndrome characterised by early development of convulsions, usually of the spasm type.
Growth and characterization of <i>P</i>-on-<i>n</i> HgCdTe liquid-phase epitaxy heterojunction material for 11–18 μm applications (1991)

The capability of growing long-wavelength infrared HgCdTe liquid-phase epitaxy P-on-n heterojunction films with state-of-the-art photodiode performance, with excellent thickness uniformity (±10%), and with excellent cutoff wavelength uniformity (e.g., 10.5±0.1 μm) across 2.5 cm×4.0 cm wafers has been demonstrated. In addition, we have extended the region of HgCdTe photodiode operation to wavelengths of 18–19 μm at 80 K. Both measured carrier lifetime and photodiode data show that the n-type HgCdTe base layers are of excellent quality, with 77 K carrier lifetimes at the calculated Auger-1 limit for film carrier concentrations above 4×1014 cm−3. The R0A products for large-area diodes (10−3 cm2 ) with cutoff wavelengths of 11–19 μm are consistent with n-side diffusion current calculated using the film Auger-1 lifetime. Smaller diodes of area 1×10−5 cm2 have typical R0A values of 12 Ω cm2 at 80 K for a 12.2 μm cutoff wavelength. Large area diodes with an 80 K cutoff wavelength of 18–19 μm have R0A products of 0.14 Ω cm2 at 80 K and 0.4 Ω cm2 at 70 K. Quantum efficiency values of 60% are observed with no antireflection coating (corresponding to 75% internal quantum efficiency) and the spectral response data are classical.
Interferon-α Produces Significant Decreases in HIV Load (2010)

A randomized, controlled clinical trial was started in the pre-HAART era to compare the efficacy of zidovudine (AZT) and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) either alone or in combination to reduce HIV viremia, maintain CD4(+) cell count, and decrease time to AIDS progression and death. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of AZT and IFN on HIV load using modern technology. One hundred and eighty patients with CD4(+) counts above 500 cells/mm(3) were randomized to receive AZT alone, IFN-alpha alone, or AZT and IFN-alpha in combination. CD4(+) cell count and HIV load at baseline and at the last follow-up visit were compared, and time to AIDS or death was calculated by treatment group. At a mean follow-up of 45 weeks, the mean change in log HIV RNA was -0.06 for the AZT alone group, -0.47 for the AZT plus IFN-alpha group (P = 0.01 versus AZT group), and -0.35 for the IFN-alpha alone group (P = 0.02 versus AZT group). There was no significant difference among groups in change in total CD4(+) count or in time to AIDS or death. Since treatment with IFN-alpha produces significant decreases in HIV load, additional studies of IFN-alpha as part of a combination regimen are warranted.
Liaison: an intelligent rule driven interface for software engineering environments (2003)

Considers the intelligence and customization aspects of user interfaces for software-engineering environments. Attention is given to the Liaison interface, which uses a flexible control technique, based on rules, to allow it to adapt more readily to different project policies and different user needs. The interface is able to work with a definition of a software-engineering environment. It uses its knowledge to help users through the great diversity of policies and tools and permits them to work effectively in a complex software-development environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of the 2B4 molecule as a counter-receptor for CD48. (1998)

The CD48 molecule belongs to a subfamily of the Ig superfamily that also includes the CD2, CD58, 2B4, Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM), and Ly-9 molecules. Receptor-ligand interactions are known to occur between several members of this family, and these interactions can strengthen cell to cell adhesion. In mice, the CD48 molecule can bind to CD2. To search for additional ligands of murine CD48, we have generated a chimeric fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of murine CD48 and the C region of human IgG1. The results of immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation experiments in which this reagent was used identify the 2B4 molecule as a novel counter-receptor of CD48.
The Black Fly Simulium venustum Attracted To The Turtle Chelydra serpentina (1969)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Direct Growth of<i>m</i>-plane GaN with Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth from<i>c</i>-plane Sidewall of<i>a</i>-plane Sapphire (2008)

The direct growth of m-plane GaN via metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy has been demonstrated using a deep-groove-patterned a-plane sapphire substrate with a c-plane sidewall and terrace covered with a SiO2 mask. The GaN layer was laterally grown from the etched c-plane sidewall in the a-plane sapphire substrate, which means c-direction growth of GaN. According to the epitaxial relationship which m-axis of GaN layer corresponds to a-axis of c-plane sapphire when using a low-temperature buffer layer, m-plane GaN was grown with an epitaxial lateral overgrowth from the c-plane sidewall of the a-plane sapphire.
Synthesis of Heterocycles: Synthesis of Naphtho[4,5-b]thiazolo[2,3-a][1,2,4]triazepines (1981)

Saoe new fluorinated naphtho(4,Sb)thiazolo(2,3-c]-Cl,2,4] trieeepines have been synthesized by condensation of 2-hydrazinonaphtho(2,Ld)thlazoles w i t h 1,3-diketoneb
Enhanced exposure of phosphatidylserine in human gastric carcinoma cells overexpressing the half-size ABC transporter BCRP (ABCG2) (2003)

Members of the ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporter super-family are emerging to be involved in lipid transport. In the present study, we studied the organization of phospholipids in the plasma membrane of EPG85-257 human gastric carcinoma cells overexpressing BCRP (breast cancer resistance protein, ABCG-2), a half-size transporter belonging to the ABCG subfamily. A significantly increased plasma membrane association of the PS (phosphatidylserine)-binding probe FITC–Annexin V in comparison with control cells was observed. Treatment of BCRP-overexpressing cells with the inhibitor Tryprostatin A decreased FITC–Annexin V binding almost to the control level. This suggests an enhanced exposure of PS in BCRP-overexpressing cells, which is dependent on functional BCRP. A role of BCRP in the transverse distribution of lipids in the plasma membrane is supported by the increased outward transport of the lipid analogue C6-N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)-PS in BCRP-overexpressing EPG85-257 cells and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. As shown for BCRP-overexpressing EPG85-257 cells, enhanced outward redistribution of the lipid analogue is inhibited by Tryprostatin A as well as by reduction of BCRP expression on transfection with an anti-BCRP-ribozyme. We also observed an enhanced outward transport of C6-N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)-phosphatidylcholine in BCRP-overexpressing EPG85-257 cells, suggesting that the influence of BCRP on transverse lipid organization is not highly specific.