gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CONTROL OF FIELD DENSITY OF BITUMINOUS CONCRETE WITH A GYRATORY COMPACTOR (WITH DISCUSSION AND CLOSURE) (1961)

Recent developments in the compaction of bituminous concrete pavement courses have made it desirable to study the effect on standard mixes of securing the density at time of construction that has been normally produced by several years of traffic use. Lab investigation into the density-stability characteristics of bituminous concrete mixtures requires a method of preparation that will produce specimens approaching the density, aggregate gradation, and particle arrangement occurring in the mixture when it is placed in a pavement. This paper discusses the gyratory compactor, developed as a means of producing such specimens through manipulation of the mixture in a manner similar to the action of construction equipment and traffic loads. Through the use of the gyratory compactor, presently used mixtures may be investigated over the entire range of realistic densities, and variables within the mixture may be studied over a wider range than that permitted by actual road testing.
Biocalcification by the Marine Alga <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> (Lohmann) Kamptner (1979)

Emiliania huxleyi (Lohmann) Kamptner, belonging to a group of marine unicellular algae, the Coccolithophoridae, possesses a cell wall containing calcified structures called coccoliths. These coccoliths contain a water‐soluble acid polysaccharide. The polysaccharide contains ester sulphate and uronic acid groups and binds Ca 2+ preferentially from a medium also containing Na + and Mg 2+ . It is thought to perform a regulatory function in the calcification process. In the present paper we describe a series of studies in vivo intended to give a preliminary characterization of a number of metabolic steps leading to coccolith formation. In view of the putative role of the acid polysaccharide in coccolith synthesis, we have concentrated on the incorporation of polysaccharide precursors by calcifying cells. As a second approach we investigated the differences between calcifying cells and cells of the same species that have lost the capability to produce coccoliths (non‐calcifying cells). Calcifying cells were offered radioactive calcium, bicarbonate, galactose and sulphate in the light. Most of the calcium label and a small part of the label of galactose and bicarbonate was incorporated into extracellular coccoliths. The label of galactose was detected in at least seven of the constituent monosaccharides of the coccolith‐associated polysaccharide. Radioactive sulphate was also incorporated into the extracellular coccolith polysaccharide. In contrast to the label of bicarbonate and galactose that of calcium reached a steady‐state concentration intracellularly within 2 h. A technique was developed for the isolation of intracellular CaCO 3 , presumably coccoliths in statu nascendi . About 10% of the label of bicarbonate and galactose was incorporated into an intracellular acid polysaccharide, resembling the coccolith‐associated macromolecule. Non‐calcifying cells fail to take up Ca 2+ and galactose. We demonstrated that non‐calcifying cells produce an acid polysaccharide, resembling the coccolith‐associated macromolecule. The former polysaccharide is shed into the surrounding medium and can be labelled by offering the non‐calcifying cells radioactive bicarbonate.
Samuel Malins (1807–43) M.D., M.R.C.S., B-és-L (Paris) (1977)

Journal Article Samuel Malins (1807–43) M.D., M.R.C.S., B-és-L (Paris) Get access EDWARD, EDWARD St. Peter's College, Oxford University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JOHN MALINS JOHN MALINS The General HospitalBirmingham, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Volume XXXII, Issue 1, January 1977, Pages 3–32, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/XXXII.1.3 Published: 01 January 1977
Synthesis of capuramycin (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of capuramycinSpencer Knapp and Santosh R. NandanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 2, 281–283Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00081a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00081a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views664Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
WinXAS: a Program for X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Data Analysis under MS-Windows (1998)

WinXAS is a new X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data-analysis program. It runs under the operating system MS-Windows 95/NT and offers several unique features. It has a user-friendly graphical environment and is capable of reading a variety of data formats. It contains a number of useful numerical algorithms beyond those used in conventional XAS analysis and offers a simple interface to the ab-initio theoretical code FEFF. The availability of fast macros in WinXAS makes it particularly useful for on-line data examination at synchrotron radiation facilities during XAS experiments as well as for the analysis of multiple-scan data such as those from time-resolved experiments.
Supercritical fluid chromatography with small particle diameter packed columns (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSupercritical fluid chromatography with small particle diameter packed columnsDennis R. Gere, Robert. Board, and Douglass. McManigillCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 4, 736–740Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00241a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00241a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views568Altmetric-Citations168LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oligomeric structure of p21 ras proteins as determined by radiation inactivation. (1988)

Using radiation inactivation we determined that p21 ras proteins exhibit an oligomeric target size when assayed both structurally and functionally. Similar target sizes of p21 in ras-transformed cells and in purified preparations of the protein suggested that its structure is homo-oligomeric. p21 monomers were destroyed by radiation with the same target size as the GTP binding activity, indicating the occurrence of a tight association allowing energy transfer between the monomers. Irradiation in the presence of GTP, dithiothreitol, or EDTA did not change the target size. Normal (Gly12) and transforming (Lys12) forms of the protein exhibited similar target sizes. The homo-oligomeric structure suggests that p21 ras proteins do not conform to the structure of monomeric alpha subunits in classical G proteins (alpha beta gamma heterotrimers) and establishes similarities with other homo-oligomeric proteins (such as Escherichia coli CRP) which acquire the active conformation through subunit reorientation upon nucleotide binding.
Bandwidth enhancement and size reduction of microstrip slot antennas (2005)

Reduced size microstrip monopole slot antennas with different slot shapes-straight, L and inverted T, and placed on a small ground plane, are investigated. The ground plane size is 50 mm/spl times/80 mm, which is about the size of a typical PC Wireless card. Detailed simulation and experimental investigations are conducted to understand their behavior and optimize for broadband operation. It is shown that, the variation in the slot shape, from straight to L and T shapes, helps in generating additional resonances, which when coupled to the original resonances of the slot, further increases impedance bandwidths. The bent shapes of the L and T slots reduce their height and provide more space on the ground plane for electronics. A mirror image dual L-slot antenna, placed at two adjacent corners of the ground plane, is also investigated and optimized for the polarization diversity. They provide an impedance bandwidth of 87%, with near orthogonal radiation characteristics. The measured impedance bandwidths (S/sub 11/=-10 dB) of up to 60%, 84%, and 80% are achieved for these straight, L and inverted T slots respectively, by suitably selecting their design parameters. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data considering several practical issues.
Design of SDN based large multi-tenant data center networks (2015)

In this paper, we propose a cost effective hybrid SDN-Ethernet network to realize a large data center network. The network can support hundreds of thousands of physical machines (PM). More than 64K tenants can share in a data center and each tenant can individually own 4K VLANs. In addition, each tenant user fully owns the right to assign IP addresses and VLAN IDs to their Virtual Machines (VMs). The network can support VM live migration and fast failure recovery. To enhance survivability, dual SDN controllers are used to manage the network through in-band control. We apply MPTCP to provide multiple concurrent sub-flows to enhance throughput of TCP connections between VMs. A novel congestion aware routing is proposed for network load balancing. We have conducted experiments and simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed network. The experimental results show that the system can resume connections between VMs in a short time after VM migrations. As a network failure occurs, the proposed failure recovery scheme can restore network connection fast even if the failure disrupting both control and data channels. Our experimental results also reveal that the proposed light weight congestion aware MPTCP routing outperforms the existing ECMP-based and VLB-based routing in two well-known data center topologies.
A new designed trench structure to reduce the wafer warpage in wafer level packaging process (2014)

Wafer warpage in wafer level packaging process poses threats to wafer handling, process qualities, and can also lead to unacceptable reliability problems. With larger diameter wafer adopted, this issue becomes more serious. In the paper, a new designed trench structure was introduced in WLP process to reduce the final wafer warpage. Both experiment and simulation methods are used to investigated the effect of the trenches on the wafer warpage. The result indicates that, by forming deep trenches, the stress of individual dies is decoupled and the total the wafer warpage will be decreased. The effect of the geometry of these trenches on the mechanical behavior of the wafer was further studied by simulation.
Improving primary school education in India : an impact assessment of DPEP - phase one (2013)

This brief summarizes the results of a gender impact evaluation study, entitled Improving primary school education in India : an impact assessment of District Primary Education Program (DPEP) - phase one, conducted in 1994 in India. The study observed the impact of DPEP launched by the Government of India (GOI) in providing primary school access for all children, reducing overall dropout rates and gaps in enrollments, dropouts, and learning achievements across gender and social groups on the district level. There is a small positive impact of DPED on primary school attendance, stock of completed primary school education, and progression into higher levels of education beyond primary school. The impact on attendance rates is at best 1 percent. However, the impacts are greater for male students and children living in the State of Madhya Pradesh. The program had a small, but positive impact on outcome indicators for lower-caste groups, but none for secluded tribes and there is almost no impact on female children. Funding for the study derived from the Bank Netherlands Partnership Program.
Nature and Constitution of Shellac (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNature and Constitution of ShellacWm. Howlett GardnerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1933, 25, 5, 550–554Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50281a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50281a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Heat Sink Measurement of Liquid Fuel for High Speed Aircraft Cooling (2014)

극초음속 비행체는 속도가 증가할수록 공기와의 마찰열과 엔진열이 증가한다. 이러한 열적부하는 비행체 구조물의 변형을 야기하고 오작동을 유발할 수 있다. 흡열연료는 액체 탄화수소 연료로써 열분해 반응, 촉매분해 반응과 같은 흡열반응을 통해 열을 흡수할 수 있는 연료이다. 본 연구에서는 methylcyclohexane을 모델연료로써 선정하여 흡열특성을 측정하는 연구를 수행하였다. 반응열을 향상시키기 위해 제올라이트를 적용하였고 HZSM-5가 흡열량 향상에 가장 효과적인 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 흡열량 향상에 미치는 촉매의 영향을 연구하는 것이다. 이 촉매는 케로신연료를 흡열연료로써 사용하는 시스템에 적용될 수 있을 것이다. For hypersonic aircraft, increase of flight speeds causes heat loads that are from aerodynamic heat and engine heat. The heat loads could lead structural change of aircraft's component and malfunctioning. Endothermic fuels are liquid hydrocarbon fuels which are able to absorb the heat loads by undergoing endothermic reactions, such as thermal and catalytic cracking. In this study, methylcyclohexane was selected as a model endothermic fuel and experiments on endothermic properties were implemented. To improve heat of endothermic reaction, we applied zeolites and confirmed that HZSM-5 was the best catalyst for the catalytic performance. The objective is to investigate catalytic effects for heat sink improvement. The catalyst could be applied to system that use kerosene fuel as endothermic fuel.
Programming stress‐induced altruistic death in engineered bacteria (2012)

Programmed death is often associated with a bacterial stress response. This behavior appears paradoxical, as it offers no benefit to the individual. This paradox can be explained if the death is 'altruistic': the killing of some cells can benefit the survivors through release of 'public goods'. However, the conditions where bacterial programmed death becomes advantageous have not been unambiguously demonstrated experimentally. Here, we determined such conditions by engineering tunable, stress-induced altruistic death in the bacterium Escherichia coli. Using a mathematical model, we predicted the existence of an optimal programmed death rate that maximizes population growth under stress. We further predicted that altruistic death could generate the 'Eagle effect', a counter-intuitive phenomenon where bacteria appear to grow better when treated with higher antibiotic concentrations. In support of these modeling insights, we experimentally demonstrated both the optimality in programmed death rate and the Eagle effect using our engineered system. Our findings fill a critical conceptual gap in the analysis of the evolution of bacterial programmed death, and have implications for a design of antibiotic treatment.
Evidence-based treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and related symptoms (2017)

Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, postprandial hypotension and exercise-induced hypotension are common features of cardiovascular autonomic failure. Despite the serious impact on patient's quality of life, evidence-based guidelines for non-pharmacological and pharmacological management are lacking at present. Here, we provide a systematic review of the literature on therapeutic options for neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and related symptoms with evidence-based recommendations according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Patient's education and non-pharmacological measures remain essential, with strong recommendation for use of abdominal binders. Based on quality of evidence and safety issues, midodrine and droxidopa reach a strong recommendation level for pharmacological treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. In selected cases, a range of alternative agents can be considered (fludrocortisone, pyridostigmine, yohimbine, atomoxetine, fluoxetine, ergot alkaloids, ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, octreotide, indomethacin, ibuprofen, caffeine, methylphenidate and desmopressin), though recommendation strength is weak and quality of evidence is low (atomoxetine, octreotide) or very low (fludrocortisone, pyridostigmine, yohimbine, fluoxetine, ergot alkaloids, ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, indomethacin, ibuprofen, caffeine, methylphenidate and desmopressin). In case of severe postprandial hypotension, acarbose and octreotide are recommended (strong recommendation, moderate level of evidence). Alternatively, voglibose or caffeine, for which a weak recommendation is available, may be useful.
An integrally thin skinned asymmetric architecture design for advanced anion exchange membranes for vanadium flow batteries (2015)

We proposed an integrally thin skinned asymmetric anion exchange membrane with sufficiently low ion exchange capacity for vanadium flow batteries (VFBs), and this work provides new insights into the design, fabrication and commercialization of ion exchange membranes for VFBs.
Regulation of APP Processing by First Messengers (1994)

Brain amyloid deposits are invariant neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Down’s syndrome, and are sometimes also found in lesser amounts in brains of non-demented aged human subjects. Alzheimer disease-type brain amyloid consists of aggregated amyloid ß- (Aß) peptides which are self-aggregating molecules of 39–43 residues in length. Aß is derived, by proteolytic processing, from a larger amyloid ß-protein precursor (APP). The hydrophobic C-terminal region of the amyloidogenic Aß domain is located within the single transmembrane domain of APP, and its N-terminus extends 28 residues into the ectodomain (for review, see Selkoe, 1994). The APP gene is expressed at remarkably high levels in brain but is also expressed in many peripheral tissues. The biological function of APP is unclear and it is possible that individual proteolytic derivatives of APP have distinct biological consequences. For instance, accumulating evidence suggests that the full-length protein and its secreted N-terminal derivatives can promote cell adhesion (Schubert et al., 1989), stimulate neunte outgrowth (Milward et al., 1992), and protect cultured neurons from excitotoxic damage (Mattson et al., 1993). In contrast, Aß and its aggregates can be cytotoxic and induce cell death in cultured neurons (Yankner et al., 1990; Loo et al., 1993). Moreover, Aß inhibits the normal function of a potassium channel which appears to be impaired in fibroblasts obtained from AD patients (Etcheberrigaray et al., 1994). These initial data support the concept that large portions of the N-terminal ectodomain have trophic functions whereas the Aß domain can be cytotoxic. The biochemical mechanisms involved in the regulation of local brain tissue concentrations of particular proteolytic APP derivatives may thus play an important role in determining the actual functions of APP.
Experimental investigation of the acoustic black hole effect for vibration damping in elliptical plates (2008)

It is well known that flexural waves in beams or plates slow down if their thickness decreases. A beam or a plate with a decreasing thickness in the vicinity of one of their boundaries can be designed so that the travel time needed for a wave to reach the edge becomes infinite. Thus, the reflection coefficient associated with the corresponding region is zero. This effect is referred to as the acoustic black hole effect. The use of 'acoustic black holes' in combination with thin damping layers for wedges of power-law profile has been theoretically and experimentally studied by V.V. Krylov and R.E.T.B. Winward (JSV 300 (2007) 43-49). The aim of this paper is to show experimentally the acoustic black hole effect in a two-dimensional configuration comprising an elliptical plate with a pit of power-law profile placed in one of its focuses. The elliptical shape of the plate induces a focalization of waves towards the black hole, which is observed by means of scanning laser vibrometry. Comparison of input mobility measurements for plates with and without black hole shows the reduction in vibrational level induced by the black hole effect.
Antifreeze proteins from the shorthorn sculpin, <i>Myoxocephalus scorpius</i>: isolation and characterization (1980)

The antifreeze proteins (AFP) of the shorthorn sculpin, Myoxocephalus scorpius, were isolated and compared with the AFP of the winter flounder. The shorthorn sculpin was found to contain one major and one minor antifreeze protein with an approximate molecular weight of 10 000--11 000 in the winter. The major AFP was isolated and characterized. It had many characteristics in common with the flounder AFP studied in our laboratories. These characteristics included its seasonal appearance, size, amino acid composition, the abundance of alanine in the composition, the extent of antifreeze activity, and the nature of the secondary structure. It is suggested that both the sculpin and flounder AFP are structurally homologous and belong to the same type of polypeptide antifreeze.