gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Child Maltreatment Effects and Prevention: The Advocacy Role for Professionals (1992)

Abstract The effects of maltreatment of children and of the interventions which follow official reports are inevitably difficult to separate. The literature is briefly reviewed and findings from a follow up study of South Australian reports are presented. Professionals have a variety of roles in preventing the abuse and neglect of children, and in facilitating optimal conditions for their development. Improved conditions for Australian children are likely to arise through communication and collaboration between professionals from several child-related areas.
Cognitive impairment and DM : original article (2015)

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing dramatically worldwide and is predicted to reach 552 million by the year 2030. The majority of this increase will be patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM), most commonly caused by obesity and insulin resistance. In addition, due to advances in medical care, countries around the world have ageing populations. This includes patients with DM who also have an increased life expectancy due to better medical treatment. The prevalence of cognitive impairment increases in ageing populations, so these two disease processes are increasing in parallel as people age. It is now well established that to achieve HbA1c targets proposed by Diabetes Associations globally, increasingly more complex pharmacological regimens are being used, requiring intact higher mental functioning for adherence and safety. It is also well known that the majority of patients on adequate treatment for T2 DM do not reach their specified targets. This could be due to patient and doctor factors. Perhaps, however, an overlooked possibility amongst many clinicians looking after patients with T2 DM is that their patients may not have the capacity to understand and remember all the instructions given by a doctor or diabetes educator. For many years, debate has centred on whether DM can cause cognitive impairment or whether cognitive impairment causes DM.
Attachment of Cells to Islands Presenting Gradients of Adhesion Ligands (2007)

This paper reports a strategy that uses microfluidic networks to pattern self-assembled monolayers with gradient microislands for the attachment of individual cells. A microfluidic network is first used to pattern a monolayer into square regions that present maleimide groups and then used to flow a solution having a gradient of the cell adhesion peptide Arg-Gly-Asp over the substrate. In this way, the surface is patterned with microislands approximately 33 × 33 micrometers in size and each having a defined gradient of immobilized cell adhesion ligand. B16F10 cells were allowed to attach to the patterned islands and were found to display a nonuniform distribution of cytoskeletal structures in response to the gradient of adhesion ligand. This work is significant because it permits studies of the influence of a nonuniform microenvironment on the polarization, differentiation, and signaling of adherent cells.
Introduction: writing cures (2004)

Yet things have not changed fundamentally: writing has been known to be psychologically beneficial since Apollo was the god of both poetry and healing. The ancient Egyptians, one of the first peoples to write, knew that writing had tremendous power: they thought a god could be contacted directly through the written word, that a person could be damned forever, or their memory erased through writing or deletion of writing.
Transcriptomic and proteomic responses of human renal HEK293 cells to uranium toxicity (2004)

The industrial use of uranium, in particular depleted uranium, has pin-pointed the need to review its chemical impact on human health. Global methodologies, applied to the field of toxicology, have demonstrated their applicability to investigation of fine molecular mechanisms. This report illustrate the power of toxicogenomics to evaluate the involvement of certain genes or proteins in response to uranium. We particularly show that 25% of modulated genes concern signal transduction and trafficking, that the calcium pathway is heavily disturbed and that nephroblastomas-related genes are involved (WIT-1, STMN1, and STMN2). A set of 18 genes was deregulated whatever the concentration of toxicant, which could constitute a signature of uranium exposure. Moreover, a group of downregulated genes, with corresponding disappearing proteins (HSP90, 14-3-3 protein, HMGB1) in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE), are good candidates for use as biomarkers of uranium effects. These results reveal a cross-checking between transcriptomic and proteomic technologies. Moreover, our temporal gene expression profiles suggest the existence of a concentration threshold between adaptive response and severe cell deregulation. Our results confirm the involvement of genes already described and also provide new highlights on cellular response to uranium.
Human osteoblast response to silicon‐substituted hydroxyapatite (2006)

Human osteoblasts were cultured on hydroxyapatite (HA), 0.8 wt % silicon substituted hydroxyapatite (Si-HA) and 1.5 wt % Si-HA discs. The influence of these substrates on cell behaviour in vitro was assessed by measuring total protein in the cell lysate and the production of several phenotypic markers: collagen type I (COL I), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), and the formation of bone mineral. After 7 days, beta-glycerophosphate and physiological levels of hydrocortisone were added to the culture medium to stimulate cell differentiation and mineral production. There was a significantly higher production of ALP on 1.5 wt % Si-HA at day 7 following which, the addition of hydrocortisone promoted the differentiation of cells on the other two substrates. Hydrocortisone addition also decreased the production of OC. During the period, when hydrocortisone was present, no significant difference in behavior was seen between cells on Si-HA and HA; however, following removal of hydrocortisone, cells responded to 0.8 wt % Si-HA with a significant increase in protein production. Using fluorescence microscopy, nodular structures labeled with tetracycline were observed on the surface of all substrates after 21 days. These structures were deposited on areas of high cell density but were not related to the presence or level of silicon in the substrate. These results indicate that human osteoblasts are affected by the presence of silicon in the HA substrate and that the timing of these effects may be dependent upon the level of silicon substitution.
A no-carrier-added<sup>72</sup>Se/<sup>72</sup>As radionuclide generator based on solid phase extraction (2005)

Summary 72 As-labelled radiopharmaceuticals could be a valuable resource for Positron Emission Tomography (PET). In particular, the long half-life of 72 As ( T 1/2 = 26 h) facilitates the observation of long-term physiological or metabolic processes, such as the enrichment and distribution of antibodies in tumor tissue. This work describes the primary radiochemical separation of no-carrier-added (nca) 72 Se from cyclotron irradiated germanium targets and the development of a polystyrene type solid-phase extraction based 72 Se/ 72 As radionuclide generator, avoiding the addition of any selenium carrier. The irradiated germanium target is dissolved in HF conc and selenium is reduced with hydrazine dihydrochloride. The nca 72 Se (0) is adsorbed on a solid-phase extraction cartridge, representing the generator column. The 72 As is eluted using various aqueous solvents with 40–60% yield and < 0.1% 72 Se content. To be able to study the radiopharmaceutical arsenic chemistry, subsequent chemical modification of the nca 72 As eluates to nca [ 72 As]AsI 3 provides a versatile radioarsenic labelling synthon.
Tightly-coupled GPS / INS system design for autonomous urban navigation (2008)

This paper analyzes the design decisions made in building the tightly-coupled position, velocity, and attitude estimator used as a position feedback signal for autonomous navigation in Cornell University's 2007 DARPA urban challenge robot, 'Skynet.' A statistical sensitivity analysis is conducted on Skynet's estimator by examining the changes in its output as critical design decisions are reversed. The effects of five design decisions are considered: map aiding via computer vision algorithms, inclusion of differential corrections, filter integrity monitoring, WAAS augmentation, and inclusion of carrier phases. The effects of extensive signal blackouts are also considered. All estimator variants are scrutinized both in a statistical sense and in a practical sense, by comparing each variant's performance on logged data recorded at the 2007 DARPA urban challenge.
Characterization of Cytoplasmic Inclusions Formed during Influenza/WSN Virus Infection of Chick Embryo Fibroblast Cells (1977)

Cytoplasmic crystalline inclusions could be isolated and partially purified from infiuenza/WSN-infected chick fibroblasts by extraction of the cytoplasmic homogenate with fluorocarbon, followed by sedimentation to equilibrium in potassium tartrate gradients. Repeated analyses of the crystal-enriched fraction by PAGE showed it to be predominantly protein (mol. wt. 23,000 daltons) with a minor contamination of 2–10% by a protein of mol. wt. 60,000 daltons, which comigrated with the NP protein. The latter is believed to exist within characteristic cytoplasmic and nuclear helices, also described in this study. The molecular weight data suggest that the crystals are composed of the so-called nonstructural protein.
Analysis of MicroRNA Niches: Techniques to Measure Extracellular MicroRNA and Intracellular MicroRNA In Situ (2013)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression and control a wide range of cellular processes. Extracellular forms of miRNA circulating in the bloodstream (circulating miRNA, c-miRNA) are of increasing interest for their potential as biomarkers and long-range physiological signaling molecules. Precise measurement of intracellular miRNA expression is possible but can be challenging, especially in the context of specialized tissue niches in vivo. The accurate measurement of extracellular miRNA presents other obstacles stemming from their low concentrations and confounding sources of intracellular miRNA that contaminate RNA extraction protocols. Here, we describe multiple methods to isolate extracellular miRNA from cell culture media, serum, and plasma in order to accurately measure their variable expression under different conditions. We additionally describe an in situ staining protocol designed to not only quantify but also localize miRNA in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue that may prove useful in describing the action of c-miRNA before they leave their tissue of origin and after they potentially arrive at their target destination.
Continuous Output Beam Steering in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers with Two p-Type Electrodes by Controlling Injection Current Profile (1999)

Using vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with two p-type electrodes, continuous output beam steering was achieved for the first time by controlling the injection current profile. The far-field peak position can be shifted linearly by varying the ratio between injection currents into the two p-type electrodes. The deflection angle measured from the surface normal direction ranges from -1.3° to +1.0°. Also, we investigated operating characteristics that are important for optical processing such as optical fuzzy inference.
PLC Forensics Based on Control Program Logic Change Detection (2015)

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is an industrial control automated system. It is built with multiple Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). PLC is a special form of microprocessor-based controller with proprietary operating system. Due to the unique architecture of PLC, traditional digital forensic tools are difficult to be applied. In this paper, we propose a program called Control Program Logic Change Detector (CPLCD), it works with a set of Detection Rules (DRs) to detect and record undesired incidents on interfering normal operations of PLC. In order to prove the feasibility of our solution, we set up two experiments for detecting two common PLC attacks. Moreover, we illustrate how CPLCD and network analyzer Wireshark could work together for performing digital forensic investigation on PLC.
Channel capacity and error exponents of variable rate adaptive channel coding for Rayleigh fading channels (1999)

We have evaluated the information theoretical performance of variable rate adaptive channel coding for Rayleigh fading channels. The channel states are detected at the receiver and fed back to the transmitter by means of a noiseless feedback link. Based on the channel state informations, the transmitter can adjust the channel coding scheme accordingly. Coherent channel and arbitrary channel symbols with a fixed average transmitted power constraint are assumed. The channel capacity and the error exponent are evaluated and the optimal rate control rules are found for Rayleigh fading channels with feedback of channel states. It is shown that the variable rate scheme can only increase the channel error exponent. The effects of additional practical constraints and finite feedback delays are also considered. Finally, we compare the performance of the variable rate adaptive channel coding in high bandwidth-expansion systems (CDMA) and high bandwidth-efficiency systems (TDMA).
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy - Vibrational Spectroscopy of Adsorbates at the Metal-Electrolyte Interface (1982)

Abstract Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy has been used to study the adsorption of pyridine and cyanide on Cu, Ag, and Au electrodes. The Raman spectra for pyridine on these three substrates closely resembled each other, and the Raman peaks exhibited small shifts from the corresponding peaks in an aqueous pyridine solution. The low frequency vibrational modes in the region 200–250 cm−1 are attributed to the metal-pyridine stretches, namely, v[Cu-N(pyridine)] = 241 cm−1, v[Ag-N(pyridine)] = 237 cm−1, and v[Au-N(pyridine)] = 232 cm−1. The energies of the metal-pyridine stretches were quite insensitive to the kind of substrate the molecule was on. We report also the surface enhanced Raman scattering from cyanide adsorbed on Au. The CN stretching frequency was at 2109 cm−1, which was attributed to that of the adsorbed Au(CN)− 2 complex. In addition, three low frequency modes were observed at 88, 228, and 325 cm−1. Cyanide adsorption on Cu and Ag electrodes was also investigated. For the Cu/cyanide system, Raman shifts at 175, 312, 434, and 2089 cm−1 were observed. They are due to the presence of the complex ions, Cu(CN)2- 3 and Cu(CN)3- 4. For the Ag/cyanide system, Raman shifts at 143, 218, 303, and 2104 cm−1 were observed. They are due to the presence of Ag(CN)2- 3 complex.
Sleep and Memory: The Ongoing Debate (2005)

The last 10 years have produced a wealth of scientific studies reporting a role for sleep in offline memory processing. Despite this evidence, debate continues to rage over the very existence of sleep-dependent learning and memory processing. We briefly review here the evidence in support of sleep's role in memory consolidation.
Substrate cycles in Penicillium chrysogenum quantified by isotopic non-stationary flux analysis (2012)

The fast enrichment of several extracellular carbohydrates and a concentration ratio higher than the ratio expected from cell lysis (2%) indicate active (e.g. ATP consuming) transport cycles over the cellular membrane. The flux estimation indicates, that substrate cycles account for about 52% of the gap in the ATP balance based on metabolic flux analysis.
Deconstructing epidemiology (2015)

Epidemiology is defined as the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease) in specified populations and the application of this study to control health problems. This article gives an overview and an introduction to epidemiology and explains the main study designs. The article also discusses the key ethical issues in epidemiological studies and its applications to modern day medicine.
Metal Amides and Imides (2006)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Induced gain and modified absorption of a weak probe beam in a strongly driven sodium vapor (1988)

We present the results of an experimental and theoretical study of the gain (or absorption) experienced by a weak probe beam propagating through a sodium vapor in the presence of an intense pump field that is nearly resonant with the 3s → 3p atomic transition. The probe-transmission spectrum includes three distinct features that result from the modification of the atomic-level structure by the ac-Stark effect. Two of these features can lead to amplification of the probe wave. We measured the dependence of the probe spectrum on the detuning of the pump beam from resonance and on the pressure of a helium buffer gas. The experimentally obtained spectra are in good agreement with the predictions of a theoretical model based on the solution of the density-matrix equations of motion for a two-level atom and including the effects of Doppler broadening. The maximum gain measured in these experiments occurs at one of the Rabi sidebands and leads to a 38-fold increase in the intensity of the probe wave. Under some experimental conditions, we also observed two additional resonances, which are due to stimulated Raman scattering involving the sodium ground-state hyperfine levels.
Muscle Strain Injuries (1996)

One of the most common injuries seen in the office of the practicing physician is the muscle strain. Until recently, little data were available on the basic science and clinical application of this basic science for the treatment and prevention of muscle strains. Studies in the last 10 years represent action taken on the direction of investigation into muscle strain injuries from the laboratory and clinical fronts. Findings from the laboratory indicate that certain muscles are susceptible to strain injury (muscles that cross multiple joints or have complex architecture). These muscles have a strain threshold for both passive and active injury. Strain injury is not the result of muscle contraction alone, rather, strains are the result of excessive stretch or stretch while the muscle is being activated. When the muscle tears, the damage is localized very near the muscle-tendon junction. After injury, the muscle is weaker and at risk for further injury. The force output of the muscle returns over the following days as the muscle undertakes a predictable progression toward tissue healing. Current imaging studies have been used clinically to document the site of injury to the muscle-tendon junction. The commonly injured muscles have been described and include the hamstring, the rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, and adductor longus muscles. Injuries inconsistent with involvement of a single muscle-tendon junction proved to be at tendinous origins rather than within the muscle belly. Important information has also been provided regarding injuries with poor prognosis, which are potentially repairable surgically, including injuries to the rectus femoris muscle, the hamstring origin, and the abdominal wall. Data important to the management of common muscle injuries have been published. The risks of reinjury have been documented. The early efficacy and potential for long-term risks of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents have been shown. New data can also be applied to the field with respect to the beneficial effects of warm-up, temperature, and stretching on the mechanical properties of muscle. These benefits potentially reduce the risks of strain injury to the muscle. Fortunately, many of the factors protecting muscle, such as strength, endurance, and flexibility, are also essential for maximum performance. Future studies should delineate the repair and recovery process emphasizing not only the recovery of function, but also the susceptibility to reinjury during the recovery phase.
The Properties of a tRNA-Specific Adenosine Deaminase from <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Support an Evolutionary Link between Pre-mRNA Editing and tRNA Modification (2000)

Pre-mRNA editing involving the conversion of adenosine to inosine is mediated by adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADAR1 and ADAR2). ADARs contain multiple double-stranded RNA(dsRNA)-binding domains in addition to an adenosine deaminase domain. An adenosine deaminase acting on tRNAs, scTad1p (also known as scADAT1), cloned from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a deaminase domain related to the ADARs but lacks dsRNA-binding domains. We have identified a gene homologous to scADAT1 in the region of Drosophila melanogaster Adh chromosome II. Recombinant Drosophila ADAT1 (dADAT1) has been expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris and purified. The enzyme has no activity on dsRNA substrates but is a tRNA deaminase with specificity for adenosine 37 of insect alanine tRNA. dADAT1 shows greater similarity to vertebrate ADARs than to yeast Tad1p, supporting the hypothesis of a common evolutionary origin for ADARs and ADATs. dAdat1 transcripts are maternally supplied in the egg. Zygotic expression is widespread initially and later concentrates in the central nervous system.
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSodium CarboxymethylcelluloseC. V. FrancisCite this: Anal. Chem. 1953, 25, 6, 941–943Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60078a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60078a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views598Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An optimum pH for the demonstration of chitin in Periplanata americana using Lugol's iodine. (1975)

Modification of chitosan test of Campbell is suggested with a controlled procedure involving heating with saturated potassium hydroxide at 160 degrees C for a period of 45 min and subsequent washing of the deacetylated chitin in running water and application of Lugol's iodine solution (1:2:300, w/w/v) at a pH range of 1.4 to 4.0, thus replacing the use of dilute sulphuric acid. Consistent results were obtained not only with the cuticle of Periplanata americana but also with the cuticle of Emerita asiatica (crustacea).