gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glutamate clearance mechanisms in resected cortical dysplasia (2010)

There is a differential GLT expression in dysplastic and balloon cells. The presence of glial GLTs and GS in balloon cell cortical dysplasia suggests a possible antiepileptic role for BCs and is consistent with the reported increased epileptogenicity in GLT1-deficient animals.
Physical and functional properties of adenylate cyclase from mature rat testis (1978)

The mature rat testis contains two forms of adenylate cyclase. One is membrane-bound and hormone-responsive; the other is water-soluble and not activated by hormones (Braun, T., and Dods, R. F. (1976) Pnoc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 1097-1101). The water-soluble adenylate cyclase is a globular protein which is much smaller than the enzyme which is solubilized from membranes of mature rat testis by Triton X-100. Its physical properties are: sedimentation coefficient, 3.8 S; Stokes radius, 34 A; molecular weight, 56,000; frictional ratio, 1.2. Inclusion of protease inhibitors during enzyme extraction did not affect the fraction of total enzyme activity which was water-soluble, nor did autolysis for 1 h at 25 degrees C. The physical properties of the membrane-bound adenylate cyclase were determined after solubilization with Triton X-100. In detergent, the values are: sedimentation coefficient, 6.7 S; Stokes radius, 68 A; partial specific volume, 0.73 ml/g; molecular weight, 191,000; frictional ratio, 1.6. The fact that the partial specific volume of the enzyme in detergent is the same as that of a typical water-soluble protein shows that the Triton X-100-solubilized enzyme does not bind a large quantity of detergent. This indicates that it does not have extensive hydrophobic regions on its surface. The detergent-solubilized adenylate cyclase of the mature rat testis is similar in this respect to adenylate cyclase solubilized from the rat renal medulla (Neer, E. J. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 6527-6531).
High Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells by Synergistic Effects of Fine-Tuned Crystallinity and Solvent Annealing (2016)

Growing interests have been devoted to the design of polymer acceptors as potential replacement for fullerene derivatives for high-performance all polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). One key factor that is limiting the efficiency of all-PSCs is the low fill factor (FF) (normally <0.65), which is strongly correlated with the mobility and film morphology of polymer:polymer blends. In this work, we find a facile method to modulate the crystallinity of the well-known naphthalene diimide (NDI) based polymer N2200, by replacing a certain amount of bithiophene (2T) units in the N2200 backbone by single thiophene (T) units and synthesizing a series of random polymers PNDI-Tx, where x is the percentage of the single T. The acceptor PNDI-T10 is properly miscible with the low band gap donor polymer PTB7-Th, and the nanostructured blend promotes efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport. Solvent annealing (SA) enables higher hole and electron mobilities, and further suppresses the bimolecular recombination. As expected, the PTB7-Th:PNDI-T10 solar cells attain a high PCE of 7.6%, which is a 2-fold increase compared to that of PTB7-Th:N2200 solar cells. The FF of 0.71 reaches the highest value among all-PSCs to date. Our work demonstrates a rational design for fine-tuned crystallinity of polymer acceptors, and reveals the high potential of all-PSCs through structure and morphology engineering of semicrystalline polymer:polymer blends.
Implementation of real-time operating system for integrated switching system (2003)

A real-time operating system (OS) has been developed which can be used for different switching systems and can work with existing information processing service programs. The authors described the functionality of this OS in connection with distributed resource management, interprocessor communication management and switching-system-oriented database management. The performance of this OS, evaluated from its application to commercial switching systems, seems to be satisfactory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Green Approach to the Synthesis of Graphene Nanosheets (2009)

Graphene can be viewed as an individual atomic plane extracted from graphite, as unrolled single-walled carbon nanotube or as an extended flat fullerene molecule. In this paper, a facile approach to the synthesis of high quality graphene nanosheets in large scale through electrochemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide precursor at cathodic potentials (completely reduced potential: -1.5 V) is reported. This method is green and fast, and will not result in contamination of the reduced material. The electrochemically reduced graphene nanosheets have been carefully characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques in comparison to the chemically reduced graphene-based product. Particularly, FTIR spectra indicate that a variety of the oxygen-containing functional groups have been thoroughly removed from the graphite oxide plane via electrochemical reduction. The chemically converted materials are not expected to exhibit graphene's electronic properties because of residual defects. Indeed, the high quality graphene accelerates the electron transfer rate in dopamine electrochemistry (DeltaE(p) is as small as 44 mV which is much smaller than that on a glassy carbon electrode). This approach opens up the possibility for assembling graphene biocomposites for electrocatalysis and the construction of biosensors.
High-Level Expression of G Protein-Coupled Receptors with the Aid of the Semliki Forest Virus Expression System (1995)

The expression of two G protein-coupled receptors was studied in several cell lines using the Semliki Forest virus expression system. Human neurokinin-2 and dopamine D3 receptor cDNAs were introduced into the pSFV1 vector. In vitro transcribed RNAs were coelectroporated with pSFV-Helper RNA into BHK cells resulting in in vivo packaging of high titer SFV-NK-2 and SFV-D3 virus stocks, respectively. Infection of BHK, HOS and CHO cells with the recombinant NK-2 virus resulted in high levels of receptor expression as detected by metabolic labelling with [35S]-methionine. The expression of the NK-2 receptors in the cell membrane was demonstrated by Flow cytometry experiments on infected BHK and CHO cells with fluoresceinyl-NKA as the ligand. Saturation binding assays on membranes prepared from SFV-NK-2 infected CHO cells with [3H] GR100679 showed maximum receptor densities of 6.5 pmol receptor/mg protein. Additionally, the expressed NK-2 receptors were able to stimulate Ca2+ mobilization in CHO cells indicating functional coupling to G proteins. CHO cells infected with SFV-D3 also produced high levels of receptor as evidenced by both [35S]methionine labelling and [3H]spiperone binding.
Design and simulation of ultralong Raman laser links for optical signal transmission (2009)

Ultra-long Raman fiber lasers (URFL) have shown great potential in applications including supercontinuum generation, multiwavelength signal processing and quasi-lossless transmission. In this manuscript we focus our attention on the latter, briefly reviewing some of the available tools for the study and numerical optimization of ultra-long laser cavity transmission links reliant upon standard single-mode optical fiber. A typical URFL makes efficient second-order distributed Raman amplification possible from single-wavelength pumps, through the generation of a Stokes wave that is trapped in the transmission link itself by fibre grating reflectors. By adjusting the pump power injected into the active link, it is possible to precisely compensate for attenuation locally all across the transmission length, achieving close-toideal gain distribution and virtual transparency in the fiber. The efficiency with which signal excursion (and ASE noise generation) can be minimised depends on factors such as link length, pump depletion, gratings reflectivity and pumping symmetry. As we will show, numerical simulation can be used to find the optimal cavity design parametres that maximize transmission performance in a variety of circumstances.
Parallel scalar multiplication for elliptic curve cryptosystems (2005)

A parallel elliptic curve scalar multiplication algorithm is proposed. The algorithm works at its highest efficiency when a dual-processor hardware system is utilized. The new method has an average computation time of n/3 times of that of one elliptic curve addition (ECADD) on an n-bit scalar. The saving is n elliptic curve doublings (ECDBLs) compared to standard (single processor) methods. When the ratio of the execution time of a point addition to that of a point doubling is 3, the proposed method is 90% faster than the standard method.
Wissenstransformationsprozesse bei der Projekt- und Teamarbeit — Fallstudie (2001)

Ziel der Fallstudie ist es, die Kernprozesse des Wissensmanagements und die notwendigen Rahmenbedingungen zur Förderung dieser Prozesse im Verlauf der Projekt- und Teamarbeit zu untersuchen. Um die Ergebnisse der Fallstudie und die daraus abgeleiteten Implikationen transparent und nachvollziehbar zu machen, wird im vorliegenden Kapitel zunächst der konzeptionelle Rahmen der Fallstudie aufgespannt. Es werden die Struktur bzw. der Verlauf des der Fallstudie zugrunde liegenden Projekts sowie die Durchführung der Fallstudie vorgestellt.
RECOMBINATION AND MIGRATION RATES IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF<i>BACILLUS SUBTILIS</i>AND<i>BACILLUS MOJAVENSIS</i> (1995)

We have investigated the rates of recombination and migration in native populations of two closely related, naturally competent Bacillus species. Native soil isolates of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mojavensis were obtained from three continents and, within North America, from populations at a range of geographical distances from one another. The rate of recombination within populations of each species was estimated from restriction-site data for three genes. Recombination was shown to occur within each species at about the same rate as neutral mutation, whatever the geographical scale or phylogenetic scale over which strains were sampled. The rate of migration between populations was estimated by a cladistic analysis and was shown to be high (i.e., Nm > 1), even among populations on different continents. The level of migration within each species is sufficient to prevent neutral geographical divergence within species.
Clinical pharmacology of loop diuretics in health and disease (1992)

There are differences in metabolism and excretion of the loop diuretics which extrapolate to differences in pharmacokinetic behaviour in different disease states. For example, furosemide is eliminated in equal portions by renal and non-renal routes; the non-renal route involves primarily glucuronidation. Both renal and non-renal pathways are impaired during renal insufficiency, such that the elimination half-life is prolonged considerably in this disease state. In contrast, there seems to be little change in disposition in patients with liver disease. Bumetanide and torasemide have non-renal elimination pathways via the hepatic cytochrome system. In patients with renal insufficiency these non-renal pathways of elimination are left intact so that there is little prolongation of half-life in such patients. In contrast, in patients with liver disease or with congestive hepatopathy, there is impairment in non-renal elimination so that relatively more drug appears in the urine. With all loop diuretics, response is governed by the amount of drug appearing in the urine. By assessing the relationship between urinary excretion rates of the diuretic and sodium excretion rate, a maximal response which amounts to a fractional excretion of sodium of approximately 20% can be defined. Thus it is possible to define a maximal dose as the amount of drug necessary to attain a fractional excretion of sodium of 20%. Studies in different disease states using escalating doses can thereby use this relationship to define a dose above which little is to be gained in terms of therapeutic efficacy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Extracting of compact tunable BPF from LPF using single T-DGS-resonator and 0.25PF/0.5PF Chip Monolithic Ceramic Capacitors (2015)

A novel compact defected ground structure (DGS) lowpass filter (LPF) and tunable bandpass filter (BPF) are proposed in this paper. The designed filter consists of one TDGS resonator, which is excited by 50 ohm microstrip line, placed on top layer between the input and output this structure. The addition of compensated patch capacitor improves the low insertion loss and ultra-wide stopband with 15 dB attenuation from 2.2 GHz to 3.6 GHz. The size of the proposed filter is very small (0.023 λg ç 0.044 λg, with λg = 0.263 m). The tunable BPF is extracted from LPF topology using variable Chip Monolithic Ceramic Capacitors and J-inverter technique. The measured and the EM simulated results are presented and discussed.
Observation of an Anomalous Density Minimum in Vitreous Silica (2004)

Vitreous silica is known to have several anomalous variations in its physical properties including a temperature dependent density maximum. We report the results of high-resolution density relaxation experiments that conclusively show for the first time the existence of a density minimum for silica below its glass-transition temperature at approximately 950 degrees C. This unusual density-temperature relationship is shown to be consistent with the existence of a polyamorphic phase transition in silica with a negative Clapeyron slope.
Turbidimetric studies of aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) solutions (1975)

Abstract A freezing‐thawing process of aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol), (PVA) solutions was undertaken to study the supermolecular PVA structures produced. Aqueous solutions of 2,5 to 15 wt.‐% PVA were frozen at −20°C for 45 to 120min and were subsequently thawed for long periods of time (up to 12h) at 23 ± 1°C. The transmittance of visible light was recorded as a function of thawing time. Determination of the parameters of the supermolecular particles in the PVA solutions was done by application of Klenin's theory. The average radii of the particles were in the order of 1,6–2,3 μm.
Fulvestrant: pharmacokinetics and pharmacology (2004)

Fulvestrant is a new type of oestrogen receptor (ER) antagonist with no agonist activity and a novel pharmacological profile. Fulvestrant has been shown to significantly reduce cellular levels of the ER and progesterone receptor in both preclinical studies and in clinical trials of postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. This paper reviews the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of fulvestrant, which support the rationale for drug delivery as a single, once-monthly intramuscular injection, and show that this agent has minimal potential to be the subject, or cause, of significant cytochrome p450-mediated drug interactions.
Tuning of microstrip antenna on ferrite substrate (1993)

The permeability variation of a ferrite substrate with an axial DC magnetic bias field along with the RF excitation of a microstrip antenna leads to multiresonant behavior. A study of tuning the patch antenna on a ferrite substrate to exploit this feature is reported, along with the associated theoretical analysis and experimental findings.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optical heterodyne image-rejection receiver for high-density optical frequency division multiplexing system (1990)

An optical heterodyne image-rejection receiver (IRR) for high-density optical frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is described. The IRR was realized using balanced receivers, which showed more than 18-dB suppression over the 1.5-3.0-GHz IF region. Measured crosstalk penalties in a two-channel 560 Mb/s differential phase-shift keyed (DPSK) heterodyne optical communication system were realized for the first time. The crosstalk penalties in an OFDM system are estimated theoretically with and without the IRR. The required channel spacing and number of channels that can be accommodated in the 10-nm tuning range of the local laser are presented. A particular configuration of the IRR, its operation, and its performance limitations are discussed. The experimental results for image-rejection reception in a two-channel 560-Mb/s DPSK system are also given. Crosstalk penalties are estimated experimentally and compared to the theoretical calculation. Since the conventional configurations of the IRR are very sensitive to the polarization fluctuation of the transmitted signals, polarization-insensitive IRRs are proposed and their features are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On breaking SAML: be whoever you want to be (2012)

The Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is a widely adopted language for making security statements about subjects. It is a critical component for the development of federated identity deployments and Single Sign-On scenarios. In order to protect integrity and authenticity of the exchanged SAML assertions, the XML Signature standard is applied. However, the signature verification algorithm is much more complex than in traditional signature formats like PKCS#7. The integrity protection can thus be successfully circumvented by application of different XML Signature specific attacks, under a weak adversarial model. In this paper we describe an in-depth analysis of 14 major SAML frameworks and show that 11 of them, including Salesforce, Shibboleth, and IBM XS40, have critical XML Signature wrapping (XSW) vulnerabilities. Based on our analysis, we developed an automated penetration testing tool for XSW in SAML frameworks. Its feasibility was proven by additional discovery of a new XSW variant. We propose the first framework to analyze such attacks, which is based on the information flow between two components of the Relying Party. Surprisingly, this analysis also yields efficient and practical countermeasures. 1
The Effects of Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation With and Without D-Pinitol on Resistance Training Adaptations (2009)

Coingestion of D-pinitol with creatine (CR) has been reported to enhance creatine uptake. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether adding D-pinitol to CR affects training adaptations, body composition, whole-body creatine retention, and/or blood safety markers when compared to CR ingestion alone after 4 weeks of resistance training. Twenty-four resistance trained males were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to creatine + pinitol (CRP) or creatine monohydrate (CR) prior to beginning a supervised 4-week resistance training program. Subjects ingested a typical loading phase (i.e., 20 g/d-1 for 5 days) before ingesting 5 g/d-1 the remaining 23 days. Performance measures were assessed at baseline (T0), week 1 (T1), and week 4 (T2) and included 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press (BP), 1RM leg press (LP), isokinetic knee extension, and a 30-second Wingate anaerobic capacity test. Fasting blood and body composition using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were determined at T1 and T3. Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Creatine retention increased (p < 0.001) in both groups as a result of supplementation but was not different between groups (p > 0.05). Significant improvements in upper- and lower-body strength and body composition occurred in both groups. However, significantly greater increases in lean mass and fat-free mass occurred in the CR group when compared to CRP (p <0.05). Adding D-pinitol to creatine monohydrate does not appear to facilitate further physiological adaptations while resistance training. Creatine monohydrate supplementation helps to improve strength and body composition while resistance training. Data from this study assist in determining the potential role the addition of D-pinitol to creatine may aid in facilitating training adaptations to exercise.
Differential HELLO Technique for Multihop Wireless Network Routing Protocols in Dense Environments (2005)

The Multi-Point Relay (MPR) of the Optimized Link State Routing protocol reduces the flooding overhead compared with classic flooding. To select MPR nodes, HELLO messages are used. In dense population environments, the overhead of HELLO messages is critical because the HELLO messages carry all adjacent node IDs in the classical manner. Consequently, wireless bandwidth is consumed for data communications. One solution for this problem is to compress HELLO messages using a differential technique. However, few, if any, studies have applied a differential technique to HELLO messages. We introduce the novel Differential HELLO technique to reduce the overhead of the HELLO messages. The Differential HELLO technique consists of two kinds of compression methods: Chronological Compression and Topological Compression. In addition, the inconsistency problems of the 1-hop node information in adjacent nodes caused by packet loss are discussed. As solutions to the inconsistency problems, No Compression Acknowledgement (NC-ACK) and HELLO Information Forecast (HIF) have been examined. Our simulation has taken the efficiency of the Differential HELLO technique into consideration. The HELLO message overhead was reduced to 29.1 IDs from 75.8 IDs using the Differential HELLO technique at a packet loss rate of 10 -4 under random node arrangement. This result reveals that the Differential HELLO technique reduces the classic HELLO overhead by 38%. In environments with lower packet-loss rates, the Differential HELLO technique promises to offer even better performance.
Burn injury from products in the home: prevention and counseling. (2001)

Each year in the United States, fire and burn injury is responsible for a high degree of morbidity and mortality. In 1996-1998, Wisconsin's mortality rate from unintentional fire and burn injury (1.22 deaths/100,000 population) was similar to the average United States mortality rate for such injuries (1.40), and significant morbidity leads to hospitalization, invasive procedures, and psychological trauma. This article describes the common types of product-related burn hazards in the home, the injuries associated with these hazards, prevention measures, and the health professional's important role in burn injury prevention.
Rapid Method for Paper Chromatography of Organic Acids (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapid Method for Paper Chromatography of Organic AcidsF. W. Denison, Jr. and E. F. PharesCite this: Anal. Chem. 1952, 24, 10, 1628–1630Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60070a035RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (261 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Die britischen Filmstudios (1999)

Beim Blick auf den Werdegang vieler britischer Filmstudios — angefangen vom ersten Atelier, das 1897 von der Mutoscope & Biograph Company an der Rückseite des Londoner Tivoli Theatre errichtet wurde, bis zum aktuellen Produktionsbetrieb in Pinewood oder Shepperton — werden zahlreiche Gemeinsamkeiten in der Entstehungs- und Entwicklungsgeschichte erkennbar.