gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly-p-xylylene derivatives as non-solution processible gate dielectric materials for organic field effect transistor (2003)

A flexible insulator film would be one of the most important elements of flexible organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). It should be produced from a soft organic material rather than a stiff inorganic material. Many polymeric materials were spin-coated from the solution and the resulted films have to be baked or cured to obtain a good insulator. Since those procedures impose a restriction on the OFETs, a fabrication process without using a solvent has been desired. Poly-p-xylylene derivatives have been made into an insulator film by a non-solvent procedure, chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The insulator film has additional advantages, pinhole-free, resistance to many solvents and no thermal stress to a material beneath. We have fabricated and characterized OFETs with the inverted staggered geometry, substrate/ gate electrode/ poly-p-xylylene derivatives/ organic semiconductor/ source-drain electrodes. And the CVD enables to form an insulator film even above the organic semiconductor. So we fabricated the staggered type configuration, substrate/ source-drain electrodes/ organic semiconductor/ poly-chloro-p-xylylene/ gate electrode. The device performance of a staggered type transistor indicated that the molecular arrangement of organic semiconductor at the insulator interface is more dominant than the damage or chemical deterioration due to the attack of the radicals during the CVD procedure.
Design techniques for two-dimensional digital filters (1972)

The theory for designing finite-duration impulse response (FIR) digital filters can readily be extended to two or more dimensions. Using linear programming techniques, both frequency sampling and optimal (in the sense of Chebyshev approximation over closed compact sets) two-dimensional filters have been successfully designed. Computational considerations have limited the filter impulse response durations (in samples) to 25 by 25 in the frequency sampling case, and to 9 by 9 in the optimal design case. However, within these restrictions, a large number of filters have been investigated. Several of the issues involved in designing two-dimensional digital filters are discussed.
Mechanisms that control <i>knox</i> gene expression in the <i>Arabidopsis</i> shoot (2000)

Knotted1-like homeobox (knox) genes are expressed in specific patterns within shoot meristems and play an important role in meristem maintenance. Misexpression of the knox genes, KNAT1 or KNAT2, in Arabidopsis produces a variety of phenotypes, including lobed leaves and ectopic stipules and meristems in the sinus, the region between lobes. We sought to determine the mechanisms that control knox gene expression in the shoot by examining recessive mutants that share phenotypic characteristics with 35S::KNAT1 plants. Double mutants of serrate (se) with either asymmetric1 (as1) or asymmetric2 (as2) showed lobed leaves, ectopic stipules in the sinuses and defects in the timely elongation of sepals, petals and stamens, similar to 35S::KNAT1 plants. Ectopic stipules and in rare cases, ectopic meristems, were detected in the sinuses on plants that were mutant for pickle and either as1 or as2. KNAT1 and KNAT2 were misexpressed in the leaves and flowers of single as1 and as2 mutants and in the sinuses of leaves of the different double mutants, but not in se or pickle single mutants. These results suggest that AS1 and AS2 promote leaf differentiation through repression of knox expression in leaves, and that SE and PKL globally restrict the competence to respond to genes that promote morphogenesis.
The microneme protein MIC3 of Toxoplasma gondii is a secretory adhesin that binds to both the surface of the host cells and the surface of the parasite (2000)

Assay of the adhesion of cultured cells on Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite protein Western blots identified a major adhesive protein, that migrated at 90 kDa in non-reducing gels. This band comigrated with the previously described microneme protein MIC3. Cellular binding on Western blots was abolished by MIC3-specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. The MIC3 protein affinity purified from tachyzoite lysates bound to the surface of putative host cells. In addition, T. gondii tachyzoites also bound to immobilized MIC3. Immunofluorescence analysis of T. gondii tachyzoite invasion showed that MIC3 was exocytosed and relocalized to the surface of the parasite during invasion. The cDNA encoding MIC3 and the corresponding gene have been cloned, allowing the determination of the complete coding sequence. The MIC3 sequence has been confirmed by affinity purification of the native protein and N-terminal sequencing. The deduced protein sequence contains five partially overlapping EGF-like domains and a chitin binding-like domain, which can be involved in protein-protein or protein-carbohydrate interactions. Taken together, these results suggest that MIC3 is a new microneme adhesin of T. gondii.
Structural Analysis on the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Non-structural Protein 13 Mutants Revealed Altered Bonding Network With TANK Binding Kinase 1 to Evade Host Immune System (2021)

Mutations in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have made this virus more infectious. Previous studies have confirmed that non-structural protein 13 (NSP13) plays an important role in immune evasion by physically interacting with TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) to inhibit IFNβ production. Mutations have been reported in NSP13; hence, in the current study, biophysical and structural modeling methodologies were adapted to dissect the influence of major mutations in NSP13, i.e., P77L, Q88H, D260Y, E341D, and M429I, on its binding to the TBK1 and to escape the human immune system. The results revealed that these mutations significantly affected the binding of NSP13 and TBK1 by altering the hydrogen bonding network and dynamic structural features. The stability, flexibility, and compactness of these mutants displayed different dynamic features, which are the basis for immune evasion. Moreover, the binding was further validated using the MM/GBSA approach, revealing that these mutations have higher binding energies than the wild-type (WT) NSP13 protein. These findings thus justify the basis of stronger interactions and evasion for these NSP13 mutants. In conclusion, the current findings explored the key features of the NSP13 WT and its mutant complexes, which can be used to design structure-based inhibitors against the SARS-CoV-2 new variants to rescue the host immune system.
Naturally occurring nanoparticles from English ivy: an alternative to metal-based nanoparticles for UV protection (2010)

With the data collected from this study, we have demonstrated the great potential of ivy nanoparticles as a sunscreen protective agent, and their increased safety over commonly used metal oxide nanoparticles.
Extracranial blood flow, pain and tenderness in migraine. Clinical and experimental studies. (1993)

Migraine pain has traditionally been ascribed to dilatation of primarily extracranial arteries. Such dilatation has, however, not been demonstrated so far. Studies of microcirculation reveal no major hyperperfusion or ischemia in the temporal muscle or the subcutaneous tissue in the temporal region during attacks of migraine. However, a reduction in the orthostatic reactivity of the subcutaneous arterioles was observed on the side of the headache. Increased tenderness of the pericranial myofascial tissues is observed during migraine attacks, particularly on the side of the headache. Increased tension of pericranial muscles on the other hand is not a constant finding and migraine attacks are not induced by experimentally increased tension of the temporal and masseter muscles. Extracranial pain and tenderness may, however, be induced experimentally by intramuscular injections of hypertonic saline and potassium chloride as well as of endogenous substances like bradykinin with 5-hydroxytryptamine and bradykinin with substance P. The extracranial arteries and myofascial structures are both supplied by unmyelinated trigeminal sensory nerve fibers containing a variety of neuropeptides which are released during migraine attacks. Axonal reflexes between extracranial arteries and neighbouring myofascial tissues as well as referred pain mechanisms may account for the observed tenderness during migraine attacks.
Metagenomic Predictions: From Microbiome to Complex Health and Environmental Phenotypes in Humans and Cattle (2013)

Mammals have a large cohort of endo- and ecto- symbiotic microorganisms (the microbiome) that potentially influence host phenotypes. There have been numerous exploratory studies of these symbiotic organisms in humans and other animals, often with the aim of relating the microbiome to a complex phenotype such as body mass index (BMI) or disease state. Here, we describe an efficient methodology for predicting complex traits from quantitative microbiome profiles. The method was demonstrated by predicting inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) status and BMI from human microbiome data, and enteric greenhouse gas production from dairy cattle rumen microbiome profiles. The method uses unassembled massively parallel sequencing (MPS) data to form metagenomic relationship matrices (analogous to genomic relationship matrices used in genomic predictions) to predict IBD, BMI and methane production phenotypes with useful accuracies (r = 0.423, 0.422 and 0.466 respectively). Our results show that microbiome profiles derived from MPS can be used to predict complex phenotypes of the host. Although the number of biological replicates used here limits the accuracy that can be achieved, preliminary results suggest this approach may surpass current prediction accuracies that are based on the host genome. This is especially likely for traits that are largely influenced by the gut microbiota, for example digestive tract disorders or metabolic functions such as enteric methane production in cattle.
Solving the Direct and Inverse Geodetic Problems on the Ellipsoid by Numerical Integration (2012)

Taking advantage of numerical integration, we solve the direct and inverse geodetic problems on the ellipsoid. In general, the solutions are composed of a strict solution for the sphere plus a correction to the ellipsoid determined by numerical integration. Primarily the solutions are integrals along the geodesic with respect to the reduced latitude or azimuth, but these techniques either have problems when the integral passes a vertex (i.e., point with maximum/minimum latitude of the arc) or a singularity at the equator. These problems are eliminated when using Bessel’s idea of integration along the geocentric angle of the great circle of an auxiliary sphere. Hence, this is the preferred method. The solutions are validated by some numerical comparisons to Vincenty’s iterative formulas, showing agreements to within 2×10-10 of geodesic length (or 3.1 mm) and 4×10-5 as seconds of azimuth and position for baselines in the range of 19,000 km.
Delay-Aware Coding in Multi-Hop Line Networks (2019)

We propose an adaptive coding technique for delay constrained simple wireless multi-hop line networks. We study the joint optimization of coding and scheduling with one sender and one receiver, with delay sensitive flows consisting of packets. We analyze the trade-off between delay and throughput for single path multi-hop wireless erasure links for different encoding and feedback acknowledgment schemes. To do so, we devise an ` <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p-</sub> norm delay cost metric where p models the sensitivity of the receiver. We show that with adaptively adjusting the coding bucket size based on p and the feedback delay, recoded multi-hop transmissions can increase the throughput of the end-to-end coded transmissions by 30%.
Reconstruction of 3-D seismic signals irregularly sampled along two spatial coordinates (1999)

Abstract Seismic signals are often irregularly sampled along spatial coordinates, leading to suboptimal processing and imaging results. Least-squares estimation of Fourier components is used for the reconstruction of band-limited seismic signals that are irregularly sampled along two spatial coordinates. A simple and efficient diagonal weighting scheme, based on the areas surrounding the spatial samples, takes the properties of the noise (signal outside the bandwidth) into account in an approximate sense. Diagonal stabilization based on the energies of the signal and the noise ensures robust estimation. Reconstruction by temporal frequency component allows the specification of varying bandwidth in two dimensions, depending on the minimum apparent velocity. This parameterization improves the reconstruction capability for lower temporal frequencies. The shape of the spatial aperture affects the method of sampling the Fourier domain. Taking into account this property, a larger bandwidth can be recovered. The properties of the least-squares estimator allow a very efficient implementation which, when using a conjugate gradient algorithm, requires a modest number of 2-D fast Fourier transforms per temporal frequency. The method shows signicant improvement over the conventionally used binning and stacking method on both synthetic and real data. The method can be applied to any subset of seismic data with two varying spatial coordinates.
Re‐evaluation of silicon dioxide (E 551) as a food additive (2018)

The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of silicon dioxide (E 551) when used as a food additive. The forms of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) used as E 551 include fumed silica and hydrated silica (precipitated silica, silica gel and hydrous silica). The Scientific Committee on Food (SCF) established a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) 'not specified' for silicon dioxide and silicates. SAS materials used in the available biological and toxicological studies were different in their physicochemical properties; their characteristics were not always described in sufficient detail. Silicon dioxide appears to be poorly absorbed. However, silicon-containing material (in some cases presumed to be silicon dioxide) was found in some tissues. Despite the limitations in the subchronic, reproductive and developmental toxicological studies, including studies with nano silicon dioxide, there was no indication of adverse effects. E 551 does not raise a concern with respect to genotoxicity. In the absence of a long-term study with nano silicon dioxide, the Panel could not extrapolate the results from the available chronic study with a material, which does not cover the full-size range of the nanoparticles that could be present in the food additive E 551, to a material complying with the current specifications for E 551. These specifications do not exclude the presence of nanoparticles. The highest exposure estimates were at least one order of magnitude lower than the no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) identified (the highest doses tested). The Panel concluded that the EU specifications are insufficient to adequately characterise the food additive E 551. Clear characterisation of particle size distribution is required. Based on the available database, there was no indication for toxicity of E 551 at the reported uses and use levels. Because of the limitations in the available database, the Panel was unable to confirm the current ADI 'not specified'. The Panel recommended some modifications of the EU specifications for E 551.
Radioprotective potential of ginseng (2005)

A majority of potential radioprotective synthetic compounds have demonstrated limited clinical application owing to their inherent toxicity, and thus, the seeking of naturally occurring herbal products, such as ginseng, for their radioprotective capability has become an attractive alternative. In general, ginseng refers to the roots of the species of the genus Panax. As a medicinal herb, ginseng has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for its wide spectrum of medicinal effects, such as tonic, immunomodulatory, antimutagenic, adaptogenic and antiaging activities. Many of its medicinal effects are attributed to the triterpene glycosides known as ginsenosides (saponins). This review addresses the issue of the radioprotective effects of ginseng on mammalian cells both in vitro and in vivo. Results indicate that the water-soluble extract of whole ginseng appears to give a better protection against radiation-induced DNA damage than does the isolated ginsenoside fractions. Since free radicals play an important role in radiation-induced damage, the underlying radioprotective mechanism of ginseng could be linked, either directly or indirectly, to its antioxidative capability by the scavenging free radicals responsible for DNA damage. In addition, ginseng's radioprotective potential may also be related to its immunomodulating capabilities. Ginseng is a natural product with worldwide distribution, and in addition to its antitumor properties, ginseng appears to be a promising radioprotector for therapeutic or preventive protocols capable of attenuating the deleterious effects of radiation on human normal tissue, especially for cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.
Tree encoding of speech (1975)

Recently developed methods of tree source coding with a fidelity criterion are applied to speech coding. We first demonstrate that tree codes are inherent in A-D speech convertors of the waveform following type and point to ordinary and adaptive delta modulation and differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) as examples. Insights of coding theory improve these trees at low rates; we offer two new code classes, one obtained by smoothing the DPCM tree and one using the rate-distortion theory of autoregressive sources. Using these codes, we study the performance of a simple synchronous tree searching algorithm called the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> -algorithm that maintains a small fixed number of paths in contention. 1 and 2 bit/sample code trees, used to encode actual speech at 8, 10, and 16 kbits/s, yield improved dynamic range and channel error resistance, and 4-8 dB improvement in mean-square error (mse) over ordinary single-path searched DPCM. These improvements in excess of analytical estimates suggest that tree coding methods perform better with real-life sources than previously thought.
Learners’ perceptions of instructional delivery systems: Conventional and television (1992)

(1992). Learners’ perceptions of instructional delivery systems: Conventional and television. American Journal of Distance Education: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 47-55.
Systems Engineering for Industrial Cyber–Physical Systems Using Aspects (2016)

One of the biggest challenges in cyber-physical system (CPS) design is their intrinsic complexity, heterogeneity, and multidisciplinary nature. Emerging distributed CPSs integrate a wide range of heterogeneous aspects such as physical dynamics, control, machine learning, and error handling. Furthermore, system components are often distributed over multiple physical locations, hardware platforms, and communication networks. While model-based design (MBD) has tremendously improved the design process, CPS design remains a difficult task. Models are meant to improve understanding of a system, yet this quality is often lost when models become too complicated. In this paper, we show how to use aspect-oriented (AO) modeling techniques in MBD as a systematic way to segregate domains of expertise and cross-cutting concerns within the model. We demonstrate these concepts on actor-oriented models of an industrial robotic swarm application and illustrate the use of AO modeling techniques to manage the complexity. We also show how to use AO modeling for design-space exploration.
Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide After Long-Term Treatment for Heart Failure in General Practice (2002)

These findings support the view that BNP can be restored to normal levels in well-compensated patients despite persisting significant systolic dysfunction and suggest that BNP assays may be helpful for monitoring adequacy of therapy. BNP assays will have limited utility in the diagnosis of cardiac impairment once anti-failure therapy is well established and symptoms have been abolished.
Paired 3D Model Generation with Conditional Generative Adversarial\n Networks (2018)

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are shown to be successful at\ngenerating new and realistic samples including 3D object models. Conditional\nGAN, a variant of GANs, allows generating samples in given conditions. However,\nobjects generated for each condition are different and it does not allow\ngeneration of the same object in different conditions. In this paper, we first\nadapt conditional GAN, which is originally designed for 2D image generation, to\nthe problem of generating 3D models in different rotations. We then propose a\nnew approach to guide the network to generate the same 3D sample in different\nand controllable rotation angles (sample pairs). Unlike previous studies, the\nproposed method does not require modification of the standard conditional GAN\narchitecture and it can be integrated into the training step of any conditional\nGAN. Experimental results and visual comparison of 3D models show that the\nproposed method is successful at generating model pairs in different\nconditions.\n
Microwave Variable-Gain Amplifier with Dual-Gate GaAs FET (1974)

An encapsulated dual-gate GaAs Schottky barrier gate FET has been characterized with an equivalent circuit representation. The second gate bias dependence of the transconductance has suggested that the FET can be used as a variable-gain smplifying device at microwave frequencies. The experiments on the variable-gain amplifiers with the dual-gate GaAs FET's have exhibited the following. 1) Broad-band amplification can be achieved by adopting a stagger tuning technique, although the Q's of the input and output of the GaAs FET are much higher than those of the Si bipolar transistor. 2) The gain can be controlled only by the second gate bias voltage without degradation of bandpass performance. The results have shown the feasibility of the dual-gate GaAs FET for a microwave variable-gain amplifier.
Thrombospondin in essential thrombocythemia (1986)

Essential thrombocythemia is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by frequent bleeding and thrombotic complications. On a molecular level, two abnormalities of platelet thrombospondin have been identified: abnormal glycosylation of the intact 185,000-dalton chain has been detected and a shortened form of the thrombospondin chain is present. We have used two monoclonal antibodies and Lens culinaris lectin to probe the structure of thrombospondin in the platelets from three patients with essential thrombocythemia; one patient with polycythemia vera and two patients with secondary thrombocytosis. The presence of abnormal thrombospondin fragments with molecular weights of 160,000 and 30,000 was detected in the intact platelets and in the supernatant from thrombin-treated platelets, in all of the individuals except one of the secondary thrombocytosis patients. Monoclonal antibody binding studies indicate that both fragments are produced by proteolysis at a single site, which results in the removal of a 30,000-dalton fragment from the NH2-terminal. Lens culinaris lectin-binding studies revealed that some of the carbohydrate moieties of thrombospondin are near this cleavage site. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the abnormal thrombospondin fragments observed under conditions of increased platelet production are due to increased susceptibility to proteolysis which, in turn, may be due to defective glycosylation.