gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective production of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in canine femoral veins (1991)

In arteries, analogues of L-arginine inhibit the synthesis of nitric oxide and thereby reduce endothelium-dependent relaxations. Experiments were designed to determine whether analogues of L-arginine affect endothelium-dependent responses in a systemic vein. Rings cut from canine femoral arteries and veins were suspended for the measurement of isometric force in organ chambers. In some rings, the endothelium was deliberately removed. All experiments were conducted in the presence of indomethacin (10(-5) M). NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 10(-4) M) reduced significantly endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine, ADP, and thrombin in arteries but not in veins. In the veins, the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist BHT-920 caused contractions which were reduced in rings with endothelium. L-NMMA eliminated the difference in contraction between rings with and without endothelium in the veins. This effect was reversed by L- but not D-arginine (3 x 10(-4) M). N omega-nitro-L-arginine (10(-4) M) reduced endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine, thrombin, and the calcium ionophore A23187 in venous rings. However, it did not alter the contractions to BHT-920 in rings with or without endothelium. L-Canavanine did not alter endothelium-dependent relaxations in the veins. These results suggest that synthesis of nitric oxide is associated with stimulation of alpha 2-adrenergic, muscarinic, and thrombin receptors on venous endothelial cells. Furthermore, the analogues of L-arginine affect endothelium-dependent relaxations in canine veins differentially.
Antitumor Agents. 148. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 4.beta.-Amino Derivatives of Etoposide with Better Pharmacological Profiles (1994)

A series of novel 4 beta-amino derivatives of etoposide (1), which can form water-soluble salts and demonstrate excellent activity against mdr- and topo II-resistant cell lines, have been synthesized. Compared with etoposide, compounds 5-6, 8, and 10-16 show comparable or greater inhibition of human DNA topo II. In a cellular protein-DNA complex formation assay, compounds 5-6, 8, 10-14, and 16 are more potent than 1. A dose-response study of 8 shows that it is 20 times more active in formation of protein-linked DNA breaks than etoposide. Furthermore, both 8 and its free base 7 were found to be highly active toward etoposide-resistant KB cell lines. All compounds were also evaluated in vitro against a total of 56 human tumor cell lines derived from seven cancer types. Comparison of the log10 GI50 mean graph midpoints of 5-19 (-4.89 to -7.30) with that of 1 (-4.08) shows these new analogs to be 6-1659-fold more active than 1.
On-chip debug architecture for MCU-DSP Core based system-on-chip (2011)

The migration from system on printed circuit boards (PCBs) to system-on-chips (SoCs) has moved more and more components onto SoCs. An unintended side effect of this higher integration level is the decreasing system observability and controllability, and consequently resulting in novel debug challenges for embedded system development [1]. This paper presents an on-chip debug architecture that can help conquer the challenges. The on-chip debug architecture is integrated into the 32-bit static superscalar MCU-DSP Core based SoC and includes three main components: the JTAG Controller, the On-chip Debug Module and the Core Debug Module. This modular architecture can support the following typical debug features with low hardware overhead: real-time run control, access internal registers and local memory on the fly, complex hardware breakpoints and single-stepping.
Characterization of Synthetic Chikungunya Viruses Based on the Consensus Sequence of Recent E1-226V Isolates (2013)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that re-emerged in 2004 and has caused massive outbreaks in recent years. The lack of a licensed vaccine or treatment options emphasize the need to obtain more insight into the viral life cycle and CHIKV-host interactions. Infectious cDNA clones are important tools for such studies, and for mechanism of action studies on antiviral compounds. Existing CHIKV cDNA clones are based on a single genome from an individual clinical isolate, which is expected to have evolved specific characteristics in response to the host environment, and possibly also during subsequent cell culture passaging. To obtain a virus expected to have the general characteristics of the recent E1-226V CHIKV isolates, we have constructed a new CHIKV full-length cDNA clone, CHIKV LS3, based on the consensus sequence of their aligned genomes. Here we report the characterization of this synthetic virus and a green fluorescent protein-expressing variant (CHIKV LS3-GFP). Their characteristics were compared to those of natural strain ITA07-RA1, which was isolated during the 2007 outbreak in Italy. In cell culture the synthetic viruses displayed phenotypes comparable to the natural isolate, and in a mouse model they caused lethal infections that were indistinguishable from infections with a natural strain. Compared to ITA07-RA1 and clinical isolate NL10/152, the synthetic viruses displayed similar sensitivities to several antiviral compounds. 3-deaza-adenosine was identified as a new inhibitor of CHIKV replication. Cyclosporin A had no effect on CHIKV replication, suggesting that cyclophilins -opposite to what was found for other +RNA viruses- do not play an essential role in CHIKV replication. The characterization of the consensus sequence-based synthetic viruses and their comparison to natural isolates demonstrated that CHIKV LS3 and LS3-GFP are suitable and representative tools to study CHIKV-host interactions, screen for antiviral compounds and unravel their mode of action.
Frequency and nature of the variant syndromes of autoimmune liver disease (1998)

To determine the frequency and nature of variant syndromes in autoimmune liver disease, 162 patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis, 37 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, and 26 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis were assessed in a uniform fashion, and the strength of the original diagnosis was evaluated by use of a scoring system. Variant forms, including syndromes with autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis (7%) or primary sclerosing cholangitis (6%) and autoimmune cholangitis (11%), were common in the 225 patients (18%). Individuals with autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis entered remission during corticosteroid therapy as commonly as individuals with definite autoimmune hepatitis (75% vs. 64%, P = .5), and they responded better than patients with autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (75% vs. 22%, P = .03) or autoimmune cholangitis (75% vs. 0%, P = .009). Patients with autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis had a higher frequency of a poor result than other variants (78% vs. 17%, P = .04), and they died of liver failure or required liver transplantation more often than patients with definite autoimmune hepatitis (33% vs. 8%, P = .05). None of the patients entering remission had serum alkaline phosphatase levels greater than twofold the reference value. In conclusion, variants of autoimmune liver disease are common. Corticosteroid therapy can be effective in patients with features of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. A serum alkaline phosphatase level of less than twofold the reference value characterizes corticosteroid-responsive individuals.
Palmprint Recognition in Uncontrolled and Uncooperative Environment (2019)

Online palmprint recognition and latent palmprint identification are two branches of palmprint studies. The former uses middle-resolution images collected by a digital camera in a well-controlled or contact-based environment with user cooperation for commercial applications and the latter uses high-resolution latent palmprints collected in crime scenes for forensic investigation. However, these two branches do not cover some palmprint images which have the potential for forensic investigation. Due to the prevalence of smartphone and consumer camera, more evidence is in the form of digital images taken in uncontrolled and uncooperative environment, e.g., child pornographic images and terrorist images, where the criminals commonly hide or cover their face. However, their palms can be observable. To study palmprint identification on images collected in uncontrolled and uncooperative environment, a new palmprint database is established and an end-to-end deep learning algorithm is proposed. The new database named NTU Palmprints from the Internet (NTU-PI-v1) contains 7881 images from 2035 palms collected from the Internet. The proposed algorithm consists of an alignment network and a feature extraction network and is end-to-end trainable. The proposed algorithm is compared with the state-of-the-art online palmprint recognition methods and evaluated on three public contactless palmprint databases, IITD, CASIA, and PolyU and two new databases, NTU-PI-v1 and NTU contactless palmprint database. The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing palmprint recognition methods.
Conduction Mechanism of Leakage Current in Ta2 O 5 Films on Si Prepared by LPCVD (1990)

Electrical properties and conduction mechanisms of leakage current of tantalum pentoxide films have been studied. films were deposited by cold wall‐type, low‐pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD), and then annealed at temperatures ranging from 600° to 900°C in . The leakage current flowing through films decreases drastically following the annealing. The conduction mechanism in the films annealed below 800°C is dominated by hopping conduction, at room temperature. On the other hand, Fowler‐Nordheim tunneling conduction becomes predominant for films annealed above 850°C. The decrease in leakage current with increasing annealing temperature can be mainly explained by a reduction in the carrier density, originating from defects in the films, such as dangling bonds.
Evaluation of the input current quality by three different modulation strategies for SVM controlled matrix converters with input voltage unbalance (2002)

A new input current modulation strategy for a matrix power converter is presented. The performance of the new strategy during input voltage unbalance is compared to two other strategies. The difference of the three modulations only concerns the detection of the reference angle for the input current vector. The input current quality is evaluated using four different criteria. It is concluded that depending upon the modulation strategy, the distortion of the input current may appear either as a series of positive sequence harmonics or a negative sequence fundamental component or a positive and a negative series of harmonic components with reduced amplitudes. Good accordance is found between the analytical solutions and numerical simulations.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 as a potential specific molecular target in NK-cell leukemia/lymphoma (2018)

BAY 1143572 is a highly selective inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 9/positive transcription elongation factor b. It has entered phase I clinical studies. Here, we have assessed the utility of BAY 1143572 for treating natural killer (NK) cell leukemias/lymphomas that have a poor prognosis, namely extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type and aggressive NK-cell leukemia, in a preclinical mouse model in vivo as well as in tissue culture models in vitro. Seven NK-cell leukemia/lymphoma lines and primary aggressive NK-cell leukemia cells from two individual patients were treated with BAY 1143572 in vitro. Primary tumor cells from an aggressive NK-cell leukemia patient were used to establish a xenogeneic murine model for testing BAY 1143572 therapy. Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 inhibition by BAY 1143572 resulted in prevention of phosphorylation at the serine 2 site of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. This resulted in lower c-Myc and Mcl-1 levels in the cell lines, causing growth inhibition and apoptosis. In aggressive NK-cell leukemia primary tumor cells, exposure to BAY 1143572 in vitro resulted in decreased Mcl-1 protein levels resulting from inhibition of RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain phosphorylation at the serine 2 site. Orally administering BAY 1143572 once per day to aggressive NK-cell leukemia-bearing mice resulted in lower tumor cell infiltration into the bone marrow, liver, and spleen, with less export to the periphery relative to control mice. The treated mice also had a survival advantage over the untreated controls. The specific small molecule targeting agent BAY1143572 has potential for treating NK-cell leukemia/lymphoma.
Toward Large Scale Roll‐to‐Roll Production of Fully Printed Perovskite Solar Cells (2015)

Fully printed perovskite solar cells are demonstrated with slot-die coating, a scalable printing method. A sequential slot-die coating process is developed to produce efficient perovskite solar cells and to be used in a large-scale roll-to-roll printing process. All layers excluding the electrodes are printed and devices demonstrate up to 11.96% power conversion efficiency. It is also demonstrated that the new process can be used in roll-to-roll production.
Using NLP for machine learning of user profiles (1998)

As more information becomes available electronically, tools for finding information of interest to users becomes increasingly important. The goal of the research described here is to build a system for generating comprehensible user profiles that accurately capture user interest with minimum user interaction. The research focuses on the importance of a suitable generalization hierarchy and representation for learning profiles which are predictively accurate and comprehensible. In our experiments we evaluated both traditional features based on weighted term vectors as well as subject features corresponding to categories which could be drawn from a thesaurus. Our experiments, conducted in the context of a content-based profiling system for on-line newspapers on the World Wide Web (the IDD News Browser), demonstrate the importance of a generalization hierarchy and the promise of combining natural language processing techniques with machine learning (ML) to address an information retrieval (IR) problem.
Peripheral venous pressure is an alternative to central venous pressure in paediatric surgery patients (2004)

In children undergoing major surgery, PVP showed good agreement with CVP in the perioperative period. As changes in PVP parallel, in direction, changes in CVP, PVP monitoring may offer an alternative to direct CVP measurement for perioperative estimation of volume status and guiding fluid therapy.
Bidirectional Hybrid OFDM-WDM-PON System for 40-Gb/s Downlink and 10-Gb/s Uplink Transmission Using RSOA Remodulation (2012)

We experimentally demonstrate a bidirectional hybrid orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (OFDM-WDM-PON) system. The proposed scheme uses OFDM signals occupying different portions of the available signal spectrum for uplink and downlink signal transmissions to reduce the effects of Rayleigh backscattering, chromatic dispersion, and power fading. A 40-Gb/s downlink signal transmission based on a single sideband modulated OFDM signal, and a 10-Gb/s uplink signal transmission using remodulation of a reflective semiconductor-optical-amplifier are realized.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection Reduces Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Frequency (2017)

Broad-spectrum antibiotics for recurrent multidrug-resistant urinary tract infections (UTIs) disrupt the gut microbiome and promote antibiotic resistance. Fecal microbiota transplantation led to resolution of recurrent Clostridium difficile, significantly decreased recurrent UTI frequency, and improved antibiotic susceptibility profile of UTI-causing organisms.
Plant Extracellular Vesicles and Nanovesicles: Focus on Secondary Metabolites, Proteins and Lipids with Perspectives on Their Potential and Sources (2021)

While human extracellular vesicles (EVs) have attracted a big deal of interest and have been extensively characterized over the last years, plant-derived EVs and nanovesicles have earned less attention and have remained poorly investigated. Although a series of investigations already revealed promising beneficial health effects and drug delivery properties, adequate (pre)clinical studies are rare. This fact might be caused by a lack of sources with appropriate qualities. Our study introduces plant cell suspension culture as a new and well controllable source for plant EVs. Plant cells, cultured in vitro, release EVs into the growth medium which could be harvested for pharmaceutical applications. In this investigation we characterized EVs and nanovesicles from distinct sources. Our findings regarding secondary metabolites indicate that these might not be packaged into EVs in an active manner but enriched in the membrane when lipophilic enough, since apparently lipophilic compounds were associated with nanovesicles while more hydrophilic structures were not consistently found. In addition, protein identification revealed a possible explanation for the mechanism of EV cell wall passage in plants, since cell wall hydrolases like 1,3-<i>β</i>-glucosidases, pectinesterases, polygalacturonases, <i>β</i>-galactosidases and <i>β</i>-xylosidase/<i>α</i>-L-arabinofuranosidase 2-like are present in plant EVs and nanovesicles which might facilitate cell wall transition. Further on, the identified proteins indicate that plant cells secrete EVs using similar mechanisms as animal cells to release exosomes and microvesicles.
Novel receiver space-time processing for interference cancellation and equalization in narrowband TDMA communication (2002)

A spatiotemporal processing scheme is presented that effects both equalization and interference cancellation for mobile narrowband digital communications in an urban cellular environment. The proposed scheme holds the greatest promise in terms of the trade-off amongst convergence rate, computational complexity, robustness to model mismatch, and symbol error performance for TDMA systems where the multipath time delay spread is less than the null-to-null mainlobe of the pulse symbol waveform, as is the case with the IS-136 standard. High sampling rates and multiple beam channels are assumed so that equalization may be effected with sample-spaced taps at each beam encompassing a time duration roughly equal to the multipath time delay spread. This enables the scheme proposed to better track time-varying multipath channels than conventional equalization schemes employing symbol-spaced taps encompassing the effective time duration of the convolution of the pulse symbol waveform with the RF multipath channel.
Matching Methods for Causal Inference: A Review and a Look Forward (2010)

When estimating causal effects using observational data, it is desirable to replicate a randomized experiment as closely as possible by obtaining treated and control groups with similar covariate distributions. This goal can often be achieved by choosing well-matched samples of the original treated and control groups, thereby reducing bias due to the covariates. Since the 1970's, work on matching methods has examined how to best choose treated and control subjects for comparison. Matching methods are gaining popularity in fields such as economics, epidemiology, medicine, and political science. However, until now the literature and related advice has been scattered across disciplines. Researchers who are interested in using matching methods-or developing methods related to matching-do not have a single place to turn to learn about past and current research. This paper provides a structure for thinking about matching methods and guidance on their use, coalescing the existing research (both old and new) and providing a summary of where the literature on matching methods is now and where it should be headed.
The effect of hemoglobin and its metabolites on energy metabolism in cultured cerebrovascular smooth-muscle cells (1995)

Cerebral arteries in spasm have been found to contain low levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and it has been postulated that this change in levels results from hypoxia produced by arterial encasement in clotted material. This study was undertaken to determine whether any of four blood-derived agents, ferrous hemoglobin, methemoglobin, hemin, or bilirubin, is capable of reducing energy levels in cerebral artery smooth-muscle cells. Twenty-four-hour exposure of cultured canine basilar artery cells to ferrous hemoglobin and bilirubin led to a significant decline in ATP levels (to 8.9 nmol/mg protein and 2.8 nmol/mg protein, respectively) versus control (16.6 nmol/mg protein); methemoglobin and hemin showed no effect. Bilirubin but not hemoglobin was found to interfere with electron transport and with creatine phosphokinase activity in intact cells; however, bilirubin showed no inhibitory effect on this enzyme in cell-free conditions. The findings indicate that hemoglobin and bilirubin may be responsible for diminished energy levels in cerebral arteries. These observations also suggest that bilirubin may exert its effect on ATP by impairing mitochondrial function.
Drug resistance in Schistosomiasis: a review (1987)

Drug resistance associated with the treatment of human schistosomiasis appears to be an emerging problem requiring more attention from the scientific community than the subject currently receives. Drug-resistant strains of Schistosoma mansoni have been isolated by various investigators as a result of laboratory experimentation or from a combination of field and laboratory studies. Review of this data appears to indicate that the lack of susceptibility observed for some of the isolated strains cannot be ascribed solely to previous administration of antischistosome drugs and thus further studies are required to elucidate this phenomena. Strains of S. mansoni have now been identified from Brazil which are resistant to oxamniquine, hycanthone and niridazole; from Puerto Rico which are resistant to hycanthone and oxamniquine; and from Kenya which are resistant to niridazole and probably oxamniquine. Strains derived by in vitro selection and resistant to oxamniquine and possibly to oltipraz are also available. All of these strains are currently maintained in the laboratory in snails and mice, thus providing for the first time an opportunity for indepth comparative studies. Preliminary data indicates that S. haematobium strains resistant to metrifonate may be occurring in Kenya. This problem could poise great difficulty in the eventual development of antischistosomal agents. Biomphalaria glabrata from Puerto Rico and Brazil were found to be susceptible to drug-resistant S. mansoni from each country.
An approach to synchronization for parallel computing (1988)

This paper proposes an approach to minimally constrained synchronization for the parallel execution of imperative programs in a shared-memory environment. Anti-dependencies and output-dependencies arising from array references within loops are completely removed, using run-time analysis if necessary. A parallel reference-pattern generation scheme based on one proposed in [13] is used in conjunction with dynamic allocation and binding of storage, to completely remove non-intrinsic data dependencies during execution.
Einige Grundbegriffe (1972)

ZusammenfassungJedes makroskopische Gebilde, das wir betrachten, bezeichnen wir als System. Der das System umgebende Teil der makroskopischen Welt heißt Umgebung.