gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control aspects of brushless drives using switched reluctance motors (1990)

Brushless variable speed drives using switched reluctance motors (SRMs) have become popular relative to other drives and represent an economical alternative to PM brushless motors in many applications. The authors discuss these control aspects of the SRM power electronic converter drive. General control and converter considerations are first briefly reviewed. A prototype 3 kW SRM is used as the focus for the investigations, but the conclusions apply more generally. A mixture of theory, full nonlinear simulation and experiment was used and a selection of results is presented. During design a full simulation representation of the converter and the switching operations of its devices during may be needed but a simplified representation is shown to be adequate for control purposes. >
Knowledge based engineering system for structural optical design (2012)

This paper describes a knowledge based engineering web application to the problem of starting point selection in optical design. The system architecture is shortly discussed. A formalization of the optical system representation based on formal syntax is given. Examples of rules in natural language and Drools Rule Language syntax illustrate the work of the solution. Development of a knowledge base using decision table is shown.
Fc (IgG) receptors on rat basophilic leukemia cells. (1981)

Receptors for IgG and IgE on rat basophilic leukemia cells (the 2H3 subline of RBL-IV) were detected by their ability bind IgE and IgG in fluorescence or radioactive assays. The 2H3 cells have approximately two-thirds as many receptors for IgG as for IgE. The IgE receptors bind monomeric IgE with high affinity and IgE binding is uninhibited by high concentrations of monomeric or oligomeric IgG. In contrast, the IgG receptors bind both (rabbit and rat) IgG and (rat) IgE. The affinity of IgG receptors for monomeric IgG and IgE is much lower than that of the IgE receptor for its ligand; binding of radiolabeled IgG or IgE to IgG receptors can be detected only with cross-linked oligomers. Although both receptors are sensitive to tryptic digestion than IgE receptors. Dual laser flow microfluorometric studies revealed that the numbers of IgG and IgE receptors per cell varied considerably among 2H3 cells and that the distributions of the 2 types of receptors were independent of each other. 2H3 cells released histamine through an IgE-mediated system, but cross-linked IgG, even in saturating amounts, did not elicit histamine release, nor have any effect upon IgE-induced release. Moreover, 2H3 cells would not mediate ADCC of IgG-coated chicken red blood cells.
Drug development in oncology: classical cytotoxics and molecularly targeted agents (2006)

There is an apparent need to improve the speed and efficiency of oncological drug development. Furthermore, strategies traditionally applied to the development of standard cytotoxic chemotherapy may not be appropriate for molecularly targeted agents. This is particularly the case for exploratory Phase 1 and 2 trials. Conventional approaches to determine dose based on maximum tolerability and efficacy based on objective tumour response may not be suitable for targeted agents, since many of them have a wide therapeutic index and inhibit tumour growth without demonstrable cytotoxicity. Instead, exploratory trials of targeted agents may have to focus on other end-points such as pharmacological effects and disease stabilization. Thus, there is an increasing interest in making the best possible use of biomarkers and pharmacogenomics in early phases of drug development.
Real-time Photorealistic Visualisation of Large-scaleMultiresolution Terrain Models (2007)

Height field terrain rendering is an important aspect of GIS, outdoor virtual reality applicationssuch as flight simulation, 3-D games, etc. A polygonal model of very large terrain data requiresa large number of triangles. So, even most high-performance graphics workstations have greatdifficulty to display even moderately sized height fields at interactive frame rates. To bringphotorealism in visualisation, it is required to drape corresponding high-resolution satellite oraerial phototexture over 3-D digital terrain and also to place multiple collections of point-location-based static objects such as buildings, trees, etc and to overlay polyline vector objects suchas roads on top of the terrain surface. It further complicates the requirement of interactive framerates while navigation over the terrain. This paper describes a novel approach for objects andterrain visualisation by combination of two algorithms, one for terrain data and the other forobjects. The terrain rendering is accomplished by an efficient dynamic multiresolution view-dependent level-of-detail mesh simplification algorithm. It is augmented with out-of-corevisualisation of large-height geometry and phototexture terrain data populated with 3-D/2-Dstatic objects as well as vector overlays without extensive memory load. The proposedmethodology provides interactive frame rates on a general-purpose desktop PC with OpenGL-enabled graphics hardware. The software TREND has been successfully tested on different real-world height maps and satellite phototextures of sizes up to 16K*16K coupled with thousandsof static objects and polyline vector overlays.
Polymerization of conjugated trienes (1964)

Abstract The polymerization of 1,3,5‐hexatriene, 1,3,5‐heptatriene, and 2,4,6‐octatriene with a variety of catalysts established the trienes as a distinct class of monomers which lead to unique unsaturated polyolefins. Soluble, high molecular weight polymers with predominantly 1,6‐enchainment were prepared with a soluble coordination catalyst system; this mode of polymerization resulted in 1,3‐dienyl groups in the polymer backbone. A stereospecific 1,6‐polyhexatriene, with a novel type of crystallinity based on trans , trans ‐1,3‐diene repeat units, was prepared by low temperature polymerization with a vanadyl trichloride–triisobutylauminum catalyst.
Sleep bruxism: Current knowledge and contemporary management (2016)

Bruxism is defined as the repetitive jaw muscle activity characterized by the clenching or grinding of teeth. It can be categorized into awake and sleep bruxism (SB). Frequent SB occurs in about 13% of adults. The exact etiology of SB is still unknown and probably multifactorial in nature. Current literature suggests that SB is regulated centrally (pathophysiological and psychosocial factors) and not peripherally (morphological factors). Cited consequences of SB include temporomandibular disorders, headaches, tooth wear/fracture, implant, and other restoration failure. Chairside recognition of SB involves the use of subjective reports, clinical examinations, and trial oral splints. Definitive diagnosis of SB can only be achieved using electrophysiological tools. Pharmacological, psychological, and dental strategies had been employed to manage SB. There is at present, no effective treatment that "cures" or "stops" SB permanently. Management is usually directed toward tooth/restoration protection, reduction of bruxism activity, and pain relief.
Potent fibrinolytic enzyme from a thermophilic Streptomyces megasporus strain SD5 (2000)

As a therapeutic agent in thrombosis the fibrinolytic enzymes are of interest and the search for a new enzyme continues. A strong fibrin-specific fibrinolytic enzyme was purified from the cell-free spent broth of thermophilic Streptomyces megasporus strain SD5. The crude enzyme was concentrated using ammonium sulphate, dialysis and lyophilization. Approximately 0.11 mg ml(-1) crude enzyme with a specific activity of 4.2 U microg(-1) was obtained. Post-electrophoretic reactivity revealed a monomeric form of the enzyme with a molecular weight of 35 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature for production of the enzyme were 8 and 55 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme was resistant to a broad range of pH ranging from 6 to 9 and temperature ranging from 37 to 60 degrees C. The enzyme was a chymotrypsin-like serine peptidase and the activity of the enzyme was N-terminal-dependent. The in vitro clot lysis by the enzyme at 37 degrees C was encouraging.
The Wind-Roan Bear Winter Count (1981)

The Wind-Roan Bear winter count represents a calendrical history of segments and/or factions of the Dakota nation pefore, during, and after the massive westward movement of the American populace during the nineteenth century. This record was received by Harold Shunk (Mato Ska), in December, 1948, from Roan Bear, a Minneconjou residing on the Cheyenne Agency Reservation. It is supposedly the efforts of Zephier Rencontre (Wind), a Frenchman who, by marriage and profession, was closely associated with the Dakota. The Wind count covers the period 1796 to 1885. The Roan Bear count, originally the work of Buffalo (Bull) Head continues recording this historical transformation, covering the period 1886 to 1948. Both counts were of the modern variety, being short, written phrases in the Dakota language, reminding the reader of the indicated event (non-pictographic); Shunk recorded only the English translation.The purpose of this paper is basically threefold: (1) To present the text of the Wind-Roan Bear count as obtained by Mr. Shunk; (2) In presenting the text, to clarify the obscure and/or unknown passages in the count as gathered by James H. Howard in 1953; and (3) To show the good agreement between the two counts in almost all of the clearly translated sections. In addition the writer has critically compared each year's event, or events, with corresponding events as recorded in various other Dakota winter counts. The author has attempted to place each year's event, or events, with corresponciing events as recorded in various other Dakota winter counts. Finally, the author has attempted to place each year's event, or events, in the proper historical perspective; hence, a brief analysis of each record is included therein.
Systemic Neutralization of Interleukin-8 Markedly Reduces Neutrophilic Pleocytosis during Experimental Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Meningitis in Rabbits (2000)

Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with meningitis and is proposed to participate in subarachnoid-space pleocytosis. However, intracisternal injection of IL-8 into rabbits failed to induce indices typical of meningitis (leukocyte, tumor necrosis factor, or protein accumulation in the CSF or histopathological changes), indicating that merely increasing the CSF level of this chemokine is insufficient to induce inflammation in this anatomical site. IL-8 treatment did not affect inflammatory responses to subsequently intracisternally administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS). IL-8 was chemotactic for rabbit neutrophils in vitro, and subcutaneous injection of IL-8 (diluted in buffer or CSF) proved the in vivo activity of this peptide and suggested the absence of an IL-8 inhibitor in normal rabbit CSF. LPS-dependent pleocytosis was only slightly diminished by intracisternally administered murine anti-rabbit IL-8 monoclonal antibody (MAb) WS-4 but was dramatically reduced by intravenously administered MAb. Therefore, elevated CSF IL-8 levels may contribute to, but cannot solely account for, neutrophil influx into the subarachnoid space during meningitis. However, inhibition of IL-8 activity of the bloodstream side of the blood-brain barrier effectively reduces pleocytosis, indicating a central role of IL-8 in neutrophil influx into CSF during bacterial meningitis. Thus, inhibition of IL-8 is a possible therapeutic target for adjunct treatment of meningitis.
5G-5 Dual-Annular-Ring CMUT Array for ForwardLooking IVUS Imaging (2006)

We investigate a dual-annular-ring CMUT array configuration for forward-looking intravascular ultrasound (FL-IVUS) imaging. The array consists of separate, concentric transmit and receive ring arrays built on the same silicon substrate. This configuration has the potential for independent optimization of each array and uses the silicon area more effectively without any particular drawback. We designed and fabricated a 1 mm diameter test array which consists of 24 transmit and 32 receive elements. We investigated synthetic phased array beamforming with a non-redundant subset of transmit-receive element pairs of the dual-annular-ring array. For imaging experiments, we designed and constructed a programmable FPGA-based data acquisition and phased array beamforming system. Pulse-echo measurements along with imaging simulations suggest that dual-ring-annular array should provide performance suitable for real-time FL-IVUS applications
Individual Brain Charting, a high-resolution fMRI dataset for cognitive mapping (2018)

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) has furthered brain mapping on perceptual, motor, as well as higher-level cognitive functions. However, to date, no data collection has systematically addressed the functional mapping of cognitive mechanisms at a fine spatial scale. The Individual Brain Charting (IBC) project stands for a high-resolution multi-task fMRI dataset that intends to provide the objective basis toward a comprehensive functional atlas of the human brain. The data refer to a cohort of 12 participants performing many different tasks. The large amount of task-fMRI data on the same subjects yields a precise mapping of the underlying functions, free from both inter-subject and inter-site variability. The present article gives a detailed description of the first release of the IBC dataset. It comprises a dozen of tasks, addressing both low- and high- level cognitive functions. This openly available dataset is thus intended to become a reference for cognitive brain mapping.
Chemical Laser Flow Simulation and Mixing Studies Using Holographic Flow Visualization Techniques (1973)

Abstract : This report is a summary of work directed toward an understanding of mixing processes in the reaction cavity of a chemical laser device. Holographic optical techniques are used to visualize the flow of gases exiting from an array of supersonic nozzles in a cold flow simulation of the chemical laser. The reconstructed holograms are used to evaluate the mixing process as a function of thermodynamic parameters, flow obstructions, and mass injection mechanisms. Analysis of the mixing is discussed and related to the flow conditions illustrated by shadowgrams, schlieren, and interferograms. Some conclusions are drawn with respect to factors that affect the mixing process.
Photochromism: Non-Linear Picosecond Kinetics and 3D Computer Memory (1994)

Abstract Spectroscopic and kinetic studies have made it possible to observe and assign all of the transient species and determine the formation and decay rates of some photochromic spiropyrans and naphthacenequinones. The non linear properties of these materials were utilized to design and operate a 3D optical memory system.
Label‐Free Imaging of Metal–Carbonyl Complexes in Live Cells by Raman Microspectroscopy (2010)

A new kid in town: 3D Raman intensity images of a HT29 colon cancer cell incubated with an aqueous solution of the CO-releasing metal–carbonyl complex 1 show that the compound penetrates the cellular membrane and is localized mainly in the nuclear membrane and the nucleolus. The CO vibration of 1 serves as an intrinsic spectroscopic label.
Design of a wireless active sensing unit for structural health monitoring (2004)

Many academic and commercial researchers are exploring the design and deployment of wireless sensors that can be used for structural monitoring. The concept of intelligent wireless sensors can be further extended to include actuation capabilities. In this study, the design of a wireless sensing unit that has the capability to command active sensors and actuators is proposed for structural monitoring applications. Active sensors are sensors that can input excitations into a structural system and simultaneously monitor the corresponding system's response. The computational core of the wireless active sensing unit is capable of interrogating response data in real time and can be used to execute embedded damage detection analyses. With high-order vibration modes of structural elements exhibiting greater sensitivity to damage than global structural modes, wireless active sensors can play a major role in a structural health monitoring system because they are capable of exciting high-order modes. A computational framework for analyzing piezoelectric based active sensor signals for indications of structural damage is proposed. For illustration, a simple aluminum plate with piezoelectric active sensors mounted to its surface is used.
Lamport on mutual exclusion (2001)

Mutual exclusion is a topic that Leslie Lamport has returned to many times throughout his career. This article, which is being written in celebration of Lamport's sixtieth birthday, is an attempt to survey some of his many contributions to research on this topic.
Assembly of reconfigurable one-dimensional colloidal superlattices due to a synergy of fundamental nanoscale forces (2012)

We report that triangular gold nanoprisms in the presence of attractive depletion forces and repulsive electrostatic forces assemble into equilibrium one-dimensional lamellar crystals in solution with interparticle spacings greater than four times the thickness of the nanoprisms. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the anomalously large d spacings of the lamellar superlattices are due to a balance between depletion and electrostatic interactions, both of which arise from the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. The effects of surfactant concentration, temperature, ionic strength of the solution, and prism edge length on the lattice parameters have been investigated and provide a variety of tools for in situ modulation of these colloidal superstructures. Additionally, we demonstrate a purification procedure based on our observations that can be used to efficiently separate triangular nanoprisms from spherical nanoparticles formed concomitantly during their synthesis.
On the application of Bayes networks to semantic understanding of consumer photographs (2002)

Belief networks, such as Bayes nets, have emerged as an effective knowledge representation and inference engine in artificial intelligence and expert systems research. Their effectiveness is due to the ability to explicitly integrate domain knowledge in the network structure and to reduce a joint probability distribution to conditionally independence relationships. Current research in content-based image processing and analysis is largely limited to low-level feature extraction and classification. The ability to extract both low-level and semantic features and perform knowledge integration of different types of features would be very useful. We present a general knowledge integration framework that incorporates Bayes networks and has been used in two applications involving semantic understanding of consumer photographs. The first application aims at detecting main photographic subjects in an image and the second aims at selecting the most appealing image in an event. With these diverse examples, we demonstrate that effective inference engines can be built according to specific domain knowledge and available training data to solve inherently uncertain vision problems.
InP-based Long-Wavelength VCSELs and VCSEL Arrays for High-Speed Optical Communication (2009)

This thesis describes the development of a new chip design, enabling both high-speed modulation and detailed chip characterization. A high-speed, long-wave-length monolithic InP-based BTJ VCSEL is demonstrated. Large- and small-signal modulation perfor¬mance is evaluated. Further, one- and two-dimensional long-wavelength VCSEL arrays for wavelength division multiplex (WDM) applications, optical interconnects, and as power-array for free-space optics are presented for the first time.
Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of [18F]2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-glucose as a potential PET imaging agent (1999)

This paper describes the synthesis and preliminary in-vivo study of a new FDG analog, 2-deoxy-2,2-[18F]difluoro-glucose (DFDG) for use as a potential imaging agent for PET. DFDG was prepared by the reaction of 18F-acetyl hypofluorite on 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-fluoro-D-glucal followed by acid deprotection to give the final product in 27% decay corrected radiochemical yield. Biodistribution in mice showed rapid uptake in the heart (10% dose/gram) which remained relatively constant out to two hours. The brain uptake at 2 hours was 1.6% dose per gram. There was rapid clearance of activity from the blood after injection. Brain images in a Rhesus monkey showed a similar distribution when compared to FDG but with significantly more uptake in surrounding muscle. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sustainable Energy in Developing Countries (2005)

The main energy-related areas discussed include electric power, new and renewable energy sources, transport and oil-based fuels, and greenhouse gas emissions. The methodological tools of energy and environmental economics provide a rational basis for identifying policy priorities, evaluating them, and developing more sustainable energy options. The results of the studies are presented in an integrated manner, and contribute to the practical resolution of many important public policy issues. How to deal with risk and uncertainty, and how to identify robust policy options, are major themes that run throughout the volume.
Characterization of δ-phase in superalloy Allvac 718Plus<sup>TM</sup> (2008)

Abstract Nowadays, the trend goes to better and more efficient gas turbine engines with lower emissions, greater durability and lower cycle costs. To this end, new materials such as Allvac 718Plus TM , should enhance the high temperature performance. The appearance, morphology and control of the δ-phase are of special interest because of their critical influence on grain structure, grain size and mechanical properties. In this work, the evolution and the morphology of the δ-phase during heat treatment between 900 and 1000°C for annealing times of up to 8 h are investigated in order to determine the time – temperature – precipitation diagram and to understand the phase morphology. For this, different analysis methods are applied, such as light microscopy analysis with computer-aided quantitative metallography, dual beam focused ion beam and both scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy.
FACE RECOGNITION THROUGH LEARNED BOUNDARY CHARACTERISTICS (1994)

This paper presents a new approach to face recognition, combining the techniques of computer vision and machine learning. A steady improvement in recognition performance is demonstrated. It is achieved by learning individual faces in terms of the local shapes of image boundaries. High-level facial features, such as nose, are not explicitly used in this scheme. Several machine learning methods are tested and compared. The overall objectives are formulated as follows: Classify the different tasks of “face recognition” and suggest an orderly terminology to distinguish between them. Design a set of easily and reliably obtainable descriptors and their automatic extraction from the images. Compare plausible machine learning methods; tailor them to this domain. Design experiments that would best reflect the needs of real world applications, and suggest a general methodology for further research. Perform the experiments and compare the performance.
History: The Transformer (2002)

Just a century ago, the transformer made the distribution of electric power a practical endeavor. Many elements of modern life depend on it, yet it remains one of technology's unsung heroes. This article presents an historical overview of the development and application of the transformer.