gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependence of pH, Molecular Weight, and Concentration of Surfactant in Ceria Slurry on Saturated Nitride Removal Rate in Shallow Trench Isolation Chemical Mechanical Polishing (2005)

We have investigated how controlling the pH, molecular weight, and concentration of the surfactant in ceria slurry affects the nitride film loss and oxide-to-nitride selectivity in the shallow trench isolation (STI) chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process. We found that for a surfactant with a higher molecular weight, the oxide removal rate markedly decreased as the surfactant concentration increased, but in the case of a lower molecular weight, the removal rate only slightly decreased. In addition, with increasing surfactant concentration and addition of surfactant with the same molecular weight, the nitride removal rates for all slurries markedly decreased and very quickly saturated at a lower surfactant pH. Moreover, with an increase in the surfactant concentration from 0.1 to 0.3 wt %, the slurries whose surfactants had a medium or the lowest molecular weight maintained higher nitride removal rates than did the slurry whose surfactant had the highest molecular weight.
A JINI/JAVA based streaming framework for group communication (2003)

In this paper, we report the design and implementation of a new JINI/JAVA based multimedia-streaming framework. It is modeled after the OMG A/V stream specification with the additional support of multipoint-to-multipoint stream (MMS). A receiver-based group communication mechanism is also proposed in this framework to extend the semantics of membership management from joining/leaving of individual users to that of groups. In addition, we have designed and implemented a set of interfaces that provides a rather neat and flexible support for intra-group and inter-group stream operations.
Hadoop Performance Tuning - A Pragmatic & Iterative Approach (2013)

Hadoop represents a Java-based distributed computing framework that is designed to support applications that are implemented via the MapReduce programming model. In general, workload dependent Hadoop performance optimization efforts have to focus on 3 major categories: the systems HW, the systems SW, and the configuration and tuning/optimization of the Hadoop infrastructure components. From a systems HW perspective, it is paramount to balance the appropriate HW components in regards to performance, scalability, and cost. It has to be pointed out that Hadoop is classified as a highly-scalable, but not necessarily as a high-performance cluster solution. From a SW perspective, the choice of the OS, the JVM, the specific Hadoop version, as well as other SW components necessary to run the Hadoop setup do have a profound impact on performance and stability of the environment. The design, setup, configuration, and tuning phase of any Hadoop project is paramount to fully benefit from the distributed Hadoop HW and SW solution stack.
Identification and characterization of ANKK1: A novel kinase gene closely linked to DRD2 on chromosome band 11q23.1 (2004)

The dopamine D2 receptor has been extensively studied in relation to alcoholism, substance abuse, and nicotine dependence. The most frequently examined polymorphism linked to this gene is the Taq1A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (dbSNP rs1800497; g.32806C>T in GenBank AF050737.1), which has been associated with a reduction in D2 receptor density, although this is not universally accepted. The Taq1A RFLP lies 10 kB downstream of DRD2 and may therefore fall within a different coding region than the DRD2 gene or within a regulatory region. Within this downstream region, we have identified a novel kinase gene, named ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (ANKK1), which contains a single serine/threonine kinase domain and is expressed at low levels in placenta and whole spinal cord RNA. This gene is a member of an extensive family of proteins involved in signal transduction pathways. The DRD2 Taq1A RFLP is a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that causes an amino acid substitution within the 11th ankyrin repeat of ANKK1 (p.Glu713Lys), which, while unlikely to affect structural integrity, may affect substrate-binding specificity. If this is the case, then changes in ANKK1 activity may provide an alternative explanation for previously described associations between the DRD2 Taq1A RFLP and neuropsychiatric disorders such as addiction.
Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of Human Nutrition (2000)

STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE MACRONUTRIENTS . Structure and Properties of Carbohydrates . Structure and Properties of Proteins and Amino Acids . Structure and Properties of Lipids . DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION OF THE MACRONUTRIENTS . Overview of Digestion and Absorption . Digestion and Absorption of Carbohydrates . Digestion and Absorption of Proteins . Digestion and Absorption of Lipids . Dietary Fiber . METABOLISM OF THE MACRONUTRIENTS . Carbohydrate Metabolism . Protein Synthesis and Degradation . Amino Acid Metabolism . Protein and Amino Acid Requirements . Lipid Metabolism . Role of Lipoproteins in Lipid Transport and Metabolism . Essential Fatty Acids . Regulation of Fuel Metabolism . ENERGY: Cellular and Whole Animal Energetics . Control of Energy Balance . Disturbance of Energy Balance . THE VITAMINS . Niacin, Riboflavin, and Thiamin . Folate, Vitamin B12, and Vitamin B6 . Biotin and Pantothenic Acid . Vitamin C . Vitamin K . Vitamin E . Vitamin A . Vitamin D . THE MINERALS . Calcium and Phosphorus . Magnesium . Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride . Iron . Zinc, Copper, and Manganese . Iodine . Selenium . Fluoride . Other Elements of Nutritional Significance . NUTRITION, DIET, AND HEALTH . Body Fluids and Water Balance . Carbohydrates and Oral Disease . Fuel Needs of Muscle during Exercise . Detoxification and Protective Functions of Nutrients . Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease . Translating Biochemical and Physiological Requirements into Practice
Spectroscopic investigation of the composition of electrospun titania nanofibers (2006)

Abstract We investigate the structure and chemical nature of titania nanofibers synthesized by electrospinning techniques. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to identify CO 2 clathrates trapped within the nanofiber structures. These molecular species are formed during pyrolysis of the guide polymer. In addition, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) identifies silicon within the nonwoven sheets. This led us to discover that impurities can be inadvertently incorporated during the electrospinning process from something as simple as a short piece of silicone tubing on a syringe pump. These findings should help advance the field of electrospinning by demonstrating the importance of spectroscopic characterization of materials synthesized by this technique. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ebf2 is a selective marker of brown and beige adipogenic precursor cells (2014)

Brown adipocytes and muscle and dorsal dermis descend from precursor cells in the dermomyotome, but the factors that regulate commitment to the brown adipose lineage are unknown. Here, we prospectively isolated and determined the molecular profile of embryonic brown preadipose cells. Brown adipogenic precursor activity in embryos was confined to platelet-derived growth factor α(+), myogenic factor 5(Cre)-lineage-marked cells. RNA-sequence analysis identified early B-cell factor 2 (Ebf2) as one of the most selectively expressed genes in this cell fraction. Importantly, Ebf2-expressing cells purified from Ebf2(GFP) embryos or brown fat tissue did not express myoblast or dermal cell markers and uniformly differentiated into brown adipocytes. Interestingly, Ebf2-expressing cells from white fat tissue in adult animals differentiated into brown-like (or beige) adipocytes. Loss of Ebf2 in brown preadipose cells reduced the expression levels of brown preadipose-signature genes, whereas ectopic Ebf2 expression in myoblasts activated brown preadipose-specific genes. Altogether, these results indicate that Ebf2 specifically marks and regulates the molecular profile of brown preadipose cells.
Pedometrics application for correlation of Hungarian soil types with WRB (2010)

The development of the recent European and global initiatives resulted in an increasing demand for harmonized digital soil information. The correlation of different national classification systems has an increased importance in the development of European and global databases. Since 1998, the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) is the global correlation scheme for soil classification and international communication. Minasny et al . (2009) introduced an attempt to visualize the taxonomic distances between the WRB Reference Soil Groups (RSGs). The modified method of Minasny’s approach may provide a new tool to correlate different soil classification systems based on the taxonomic relationships of the classification units. A study was conducted to test new correlation possibilities with WRB on the example of the Brown forest soils (BFS) main type of the Hungarian Soil Classification System (HSCS) where the lack of definitions and limits often causes difficulties in classification and correlation. In this study, we attempt to determine the taxonomic distance between the different types of BFS of Hungary and related WRB RSGs based on dominant identifiers.
Mosquito (<i>Aedes aegypti</i>) flight tones: Frequency, harmonicity, spherical spreading, and phase relationships (2014)

Mosquito flight produces a tone as a side effect of wing movement; this tone is also a communication signal that is frequency-modulated during courtship. Recordings of tones produced by tethered flying male and female Aedes aegypti were undertaken using pairs of pressure-gradient microphones above and below, ahead and behind, and to the left and right over a range of distances. Fundamental frequencies were close to those previously reported, although amplitudes were lower. The male fundamental frequency was higher than that of the female and males modulated it over a wider range. Analysis of harmonics shows that the first six partials were nearly always within 1 Hz of integer multiples of the fundamental, even when the fundamental was being modulated. Along the front-back axis, amplitude attenuated as a function of distance raised to the power 2.3. Front and back recordings were out of phase, as were above and below, while left and right were in phase. Recordings from ahead and behind showed quadratic phase coupling, while others did not. Finally, two methods are presented for separating simultaneous flight tones in a single recording and enhancing their frequency resolution. Implications for mosquito behavior are discussed.
Aluminium chloride hexahydrate: an efficient and versatile reagent in organic synthesis (2013)

A short review on the application of aluminium chloride hexahydrate [AlCl3.6H2O], a mild, comparatively less toxic, and easily available reagent has been presented. The article is covering those areas of organic synthesis where the AlCl3.6H2O was used either as a single reagent or in combination with a co-catalyst.
Ion Exchange as a Separations Method. III. Equilibrium Studies of the Reactions of Rare Earth Complexes with Synthetic Ion Exchange Resins<sup>1</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon Exchange as a Separations Method. III. Equilibrium Studies of the Reactions of Rare Earth Complexes with Synthetic Ion Exchange Resins1Edward R. Tompkins and Stanley W. MayerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 11, 2859–2865Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01203a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01203a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views524Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Proglucagon Processing Profile in Canine L Cells Expressing Endogenous Prohormone Convertase 1/3 and Prohormone Convertase 2 (1999)

The tissue-specific differential processing of proglucagon (Pg) yields glucagon in pancreatic A cells and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), GLP-2, and glicentin in intestinal L cells. It has been suggested that the difference in Pg cleavage in A and L cells is due to the presence of distinct prohormone convertases (PC) in the two cell types, PC1/3 in the L cell and PC2 in the A cell. PC2 has been shown to cleave the N-terminal part of Pg, being essential for glucagon formation and PC1/3 to cleave the C-terminal part of Pg, leading to the formation of GLP-1. However, some of the cleavage sites in Pg have not proven to be substrates exclusively for either PC2 or PC1/3, and the cleavage profile of Pg in a primary cultured L cell has not yet been correlated with the actual presence of PC2 and PC1/3 in the L cell. We demonstrate here the presence of PC1/3, PC2, and the PC2 chaperone 7b2, in L cells using light immunohistochemistry on sections from canine ileum and on a canine intestinal cell culture enriched for L cells. Analysis of the cultured L cells, using gel chromatography and RIA, confirms the classical intestinal cleavage profile of Pg, resulting in mainly glicentin, oxyntomodulin, GLP-1-(7-37), and GLP-2. Despite the presence of 7b2 and mature PC2, as demonstrated by Western blot, absolute minimal amounts of glucagon were detected. These data show that the presence of intracellular PC2 and 7b2 in a primary cell possessing Pg does not have to lead to the formation of glucagon. This formation must then require an additional element to occur, or alternatively, the results could be explained by a canine specific organization of PC2 and Pg into separate compartments, which would prevent interaction.
PI3K/PTEN signaling in tumorigenesis and angiogenesis (2007)

The phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) can be activated by a variety of extracellular signals and involved in a number of cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival, protein synthesis, and tumor growth. Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is an antagonist of PI3K. The alterations of PI3K pathway such as activation of oncogenes, gene amplification, and inactivation of tumor suppressors, commonly occur in many human cancers. Angiogenesis is required for tumor growth and metastasis when the tumor reaches more than 1 mm in diameter. Recent studies have shown that PI3K and Akt play an important role in regulating tumor growth and angiogenesis through VEGF and HIF-1 expression. PI3K regulates the expression of these two proteins through HDM2 and p70S6K1 in human cancer cells. The frequent dysregulation of the PI3K/PTEN pathway in human cancer demonstrates that this pathway is an appropriate target for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we describe the recent advances in understanding the PI3K/PTEN pathway, the role and mechanism of PI3K in regulating tumor growth and angiogenesis, and the potential therapeutic opportunities for targeting this pathway for cancer treatment.
Unexplained DNA Melting Behavior in a Genotyping Assay (2002)

A common methionine/valine polymorphism at codon 129 of the prion protein gene modulates disease susceptibility and phenotypic variability of human prion diseases (1)(2). All patients with the new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) were homozygous for methionine at codon 129 (3). We developed a genotyping assay that uses rapid-cycle PCR and melting point analysis of fluorogenic hybridization probes, but we encountered an unexplained artifact of melting behavior that may lead to misinterpretation when using this method. Asymmetric PCR allowed reliable genotyping results.

Primers (5′-CACAGTCAGTGGAACAAG-3′ and 5′-GTACACTTGGTTGGGGT-3′; GenBank accession no. HSU29185, positions 25735–25752 and 25935–25919, respectively) and probes (anchor probe, 5′-CCGAAATGTATGATGGGCCTGCTCAT-fluorescein-3′; detection probe, 5′-LC-Red640-CACTTCCCAGCACGTAGCC-phosphate-3′; GenBank accession no. HSU29185, positions 25874–25849 and 25846–25828, respectively) were designed using a beta version of the LightCycler probe design software (Ver. 0.99.11; Roche Molecular Biochemicals). This software uses recommended methods for probe design (4) and calculates melting temperatures ( T ms) by a nearest-neighbor method. PCR reactions were carried out in a final volume of 10 μL in glass capillaries (Roche Molecular Biochemicals). Each reaction mixture contained 5 pmol of forward primer, different amounts of reverse primer (0.5–5 pmol), 2 pmol each of anchor and detection probe, 3 mmol/L MgCl2, 1 μL of LightCycler-FastStart DNA Master Hybridization Probes (which includes reaction buffer, …
Non-contiguous finished genome sequence and description of Herbaspirillum massiliense sp. nov. (2012)

Herbaspirillum massiliense strain JC206(T) sp. nov. is the type strain of H. massiliense sp. nov., a new species within the genus Herbaspirillum. This strain, whose genome is described here, was isolated from the fecal flora of a healthy Senegalese patient. H. massiliense is an aerobic rod. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. The 4,186,486 bp long genome (one chromosome but no plasmid) contains 3,847 protein-coding and 54 RNA genes, including 3 rRNA genes.
Quantitative promoter methylation analysis of multiple cancer-related genes in renal cell tumors (2007)

The major subtypes of renal epithelial neoplasms display differential aberrant CDH1, PTGS2, and RASSF1A promoter methylation levels. This gene panel might contribute to a more accurate discrimination among common renal tumors, improving preoperative assessment and therapeutic decision-making in patients harboring suspicious renal masses.
Renal Osteodystrophy (1995)

Renal osteodystrophy, the term used to describe the skeletal complications of end-stage renal disease, is a multifactorial disorder of bone remodeling. The actions of some of the factors involved are well defined, and successful strategies have been designed to prevent them. For example, the identification of secondary hyperparathyroidism and 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) deficiency as major contributors to renal osteodystrophy has led to the development of treatment regimens that can maintain normal serum calcium and phosphate concentrations, reduce parathyroid hormone secretion, and correct a deficiency of 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. These improvements in treatment have resulted in decreases in the frequency and . . .
Air Handling Unit Direct Digital Control System Retrofit to Provide Acceptable Indoor Air Quality and Global Energy Optimization (1997)

ABSTRACT The project objective was to control outdoor ventilation airflow and distribution so that ASHRAE Standard 62-1989 was satisfied while minimizing the impact of energy utilization. The base system Direct Digital Controls (DDC) are application specific, with insufficient custom programming capacity to meet the project objective by themselves. Three complex control schemes were installed. In all cases the concept was to continually reset the outdoor air (OA) fraction aspirated into the air-handling unit (AHU) as necessary to satisfy ASHRAE Standard 62-1989. A personal computer-based system, independent from the DDC controls, was used to collect data, perform the calculations, and send back new control settings.
Anisotropic and Inhomogeneous Tensile Behavior of the Human Anulus Fibrosus: Experimental Measurement and Material Model Predictions (2000)

The anulus fibrosus (AF) of the intervertebral disc exhibits spatial variations in structure and composition that give rise to both anisotropy and inhomogeneity in its material behaviors in tension. In this study, the tensile moduli and Poisson's ratios were measured in samples of human AF along circumferential, axial, and radial directions at inner and outer sites. There was evidence of significant inhomogeneity in the linear-region circumferential tensile modulus (17.4+/-14.3 MPa versus 5.6+/-4.7 MPa, outer versus inner sites) and the Poisson's ratio v21 (0.67+/-0.22 versus 1.6+/-0.7, outer versus inner), but not in the axial modulus (0.8+/-0.9 MPa) or the Poisson's ratios V12 (1.8+/-1.4) or v13 (0.6+/-0.7). These properties were implemented in a linear an isotropic material model of the AF to determine a complete set of model properties and to predict material behaviors for the AF under idealized kinematic states. These predictions demonstrate that interactions between fiber populations in the multilamellae AF significantly contribute to the material behavior, suggesting that a model for th
Preparation, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activities of ZnO Nanoparticles/Cellulose Nanocrystal Nanocomposites (2013)

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized within cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as a new stabilizer by a precipitation method for antimicrobial applications. For fabrication of ZnO/CNC nanocomposites, solutions with different molar ratios of Zn to CNC were prepared in ethanol as the solvent. ZnO/CNC was separated from the suspension and then dried at 120 C for 1 hour. The nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. According to the XRD and TEM results, the ZnO nanoparticles with a hexagonal wurtzite structure were easily prepared and dispersed in the CNC with an average size of less than 20 nm. The average size of the ZnO nanoparticles increased with increasing molar ratio of ZnO to CNC. The best ratio of Zn:CNC was chosen based on the small size of the ZnO nanoparticles that yielded better antimicrobial and thermal properties. The UV-vis absorption spectra of the ZnO/CNC nanocomposites showed absorption peaks in the UV region that were ascribed to the band gap of the ZnO nanoparticles. The antibacterial effects of ZnO/CNC were stronger compared to ZnO nanoparticles.