gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A mobile micro-robot using centrifugal forces (1999)

This paper deals with a new mobile micro-robot using centrifugal force. Though Many kinds of mobile micro-robots using PZT elements have been developed, their elements generally require some kinds of high voltage amplifiers accompanied with electric cable lines, which make the micro robot difficult to move around freely in a long and thin pipe. The micro-robot proposed here consists of many brush fibers, two coreless motors and a button electric cell. These coreless motors with eccentric weights generate centrifugal forces which transmit to the elastic brush fibers, and consequently produce driving forces of the micro-robot. First, I derive a translational moving model of the mobile micro-robot using centrifugal forces. Next, some simple prototypes of this robot are developed, and the characteristics of their high velocity are examined by experiment. And then, the rotational property of the micro-robot that produced by the angular velocities of the two coreless motors is discussed by a yawing model. Finally, I verify the validity of the proposed mathematical model by comparing simulation results with experimental results.
Risk of Isothiazolinones (1987)

The past 5 years has seen an increase in the awareness of problems connected with the growth of organisms in water cooling towers and air conditioning plants. To overcome these a wide variety of biocide formulations have been developed. Some of these biocide concentrates are highly irritant. Two incidents are reported in this paper of men accidentally exposed to concentrated biocides containing isothiazolinones.
A special device for endoscopic surgery of lumbar disc herniation (1999)

We studied the use of an endoscopic technique for lumbar discectomy, the most frequent operation in spinal surgery. Minimal invasive procedures are cost effective and allow earlier resumption of activities, work and sports. Endoscopic procedures have become more frequent in surgery but rarely for spinal surgery. It is sometimes used in the disc itself but not in the spinal canal. The goal of this operation is to reach the disc herniation in the spinal canal through a small incision, using a special device with an endoscope. It is composed of three tubes: one for the endoscope, one for aspiration and the largest one for classical surgical instruments. A protected space is created at one end of the tubes by a special part of the device which looks like a speculum; there is also an included nerve retractor. One hundred patients were operated during the year 1993. In a follow-up, 91 patients were evaluated using Prolo's criteria. The results could be classified as excellent in 78 patients, good in nine and poor in four. Complications were rare: two discitis, four recurrences, one failure. This technique allows a smaller incision, less trauma to lumbar muscles, better identification of deep structures, soft manipulation and better release of neural structures, perfect hemostasis and no drain. Early post-operative mobilization is easy and special wound dressing allows immediate shower and intensive re-education. These excellent results must be confirmed by long term studies; nevertheless this minimal invasive technique can be considered as a safe and effective treatment of the lumbar disc herniation.
Immunohistochemical demonstration of human cardiac innervation before and after transplantation. (1990)

Knowledge about the distribution and origins of peptide-containing nerves in the innervated and transplanted heart is lacking. Immunohistochemical and histochemical techniques were used to visualize human cardiac innervation before and after transplantation. In the recipient heart cardiac nerve fibers and fascicles displayed immunoreactivity for general neural (protein gene product 9.5 and synaptophysin) and Schwann cell markers (S-100). A major proportion of cardiac nerves displayed neuropeptide tyrosine and tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence staining. Subpopulations of nerves contained somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P- or neurokinin-like immunoreactivity, and acetylcholinesterase activity. Tissues from cardiac allografts (5 weeks to 63 months after transplantation) contained nerves and ganglion cells that were acetylcholinesterase positive and immunoreactive for the general neural markers. These nerves were less numerous than in recipient hearts and rarely displayed neuropeptide immunostaining. Atrial natriuretic peptide immunoreactivity was localized to myocardial cells in transplanted hearts as well as explanted recipient and postmortem hearts. While most human cardiac allografts remain functionally extrinsically denervated, they appear to contain viable intrinsic nerves, and myocardial cells retain the capacity to produce atrial natriuretic peptide.
Unhealthy Behaviors, Prevention Measures, and Neighborhood Cardiovascular Health: A Machine Learning Approach (2018)

This study identifies and ranks predictors of cardiovascular health at the neighborhood level in the United States. We merged the 500 Cities Data and the 2011-2015 American Community Survey to create a new data set that includes sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, prevention measures, and cardiovascular health outcomes for more than 28 000 census tracts in the United States. We used random forest to rank predictors of coronary heart disease and stroke. For coronary heart disease, the top 5 ordered predictors were the prevalence of taking medicine for high blood pressure control, binge drinking, being aged 65 years or older, lack of leisure-time physical activity, and obesity. For stroke, the top 5 ordered predictors were the prevalence of obesity, lack of leisure-time physical activity, taking medicine for high blood pressure, being black, and binge drinking. Machine learning approaches have the potential to inform policy makers on important resource allocation decisions at the neighborhood level.
Laser diodes with integrated spot-size transformer as low-cost optical transmitter elements for telecommunications (1997)

We have realized laser diodes with integrated spot-size transformer to achieve a high-coupling efficiency to a standard single-mode fiber (SMF) without microoptical elements. A coupling loss of about 1 dB has been achieved with tolerances of 12 /spl mu/m in both vertical and horizontal direction. We have fabricated both distributed-feedback (DFB) and Fabry-Perot (FP)-type lasers. In the case of the FP lasers the longitudinal single-mode emission was stabilized by means of an external fiber Bragg-grating which was directly butt-coupled to the laser. We have experimentally and theoretically investigated the optical and electrical properties of the devices using a transmission line model.
Efficient forward computation of dynamic slices using reduced ordered binary decision diagrams (2004)

Dynamic slicing algorithms can greatly reduce the debugging effort by focusing the attention of the user on a relevant subset of program statements. Recently, algorithms for forward computation of dynamic slices have been proposed which maintain dynamic slices of all variables as the program executes. An advantage of this approach is that when a request for a slice is made, it is already available. The main disadvantage of using such an algorithm for slicing realistic programs is that the space and time required to maintain a large set of dynamic slices corresponding to all program variables can be very high. In this paper, we analyze the characteristics of dynamic slices and identify properties that enable space efficient representation of a set of dynamic slices. We show that by using reduced ordered binary decision diagrams (roBDDs) to represent a set of dynamic slices, the space and time requirements of maintaining dynamic slices are greatly reduced. In fact, not only can the latest dynamic slices of all variables be easily maintained, but rather all dynamic slices of all variables throughout a program's execution can be maintained. Our experiments show that our roBDD based algorithm for forward computation of dynamic slices can maintain 107-217 million dynamic slices arising during long program runs using only 28-392 megabytes of storage. In addition, the performance of the roBDD based forward computation method compares favorably with the performance of the LP backward computation algorithm.
CVD of Nanoporous Silica (1999)

A novel method for the formation of nanoporous silica is described. It is based on the co-deposition at low temperatures by CVD of a polymeric material (poly(chloro-p-xylylene)) and SiO2 with the polymer being subsequently burned out at an elevated temperature in an oxidizing environment. The porosity can be well controlled and is on the nanoscale, as suggested by the practically zero value of the extinction coefficient. The technique could well be applied to other dielectric materials.
Macrocyclic ureas as masked isocyanates (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMacrocyclic ureas as masked isocyanatesHenri Ulrich, Benjamin Tucker, and Reinhard RichterCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 8, 1544–1546Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00402a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00402a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views501Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pharmacology and chemistry of Myristica fragrans Houtt. - a review. (2005)

The information available on the pharmacology and chemistry of nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) has been reviewed and the areas of interest for further investigation have been suggested.
Latest Approved Therapies for Metastatic Melanoma: What Comes Next? (2013)

Nowadays, oncogene-directed therapy and immunotherapy represent the two most promising avenues for patients with metastatic melanoma. The recent oncogene-directed therapeutic, vemurafenib, usually produces high level of tumor shrinkage and survival benefits in many patients with B-RAF (V600E) mutant melanomas, although the fast and high degrees of responses are likely short-lived. Conversely, the newly-approved immunotherapeutic, ipilimumab, produces durable responses in patients presenting CTLA-4 T-cell surface protein. Nevertheless, the possible synergy in combining these two therapeutic strategies primarily rely on the rational design of medical protocols (e.g., sequence and timing of agent administration; drug selectivity; compatibility of combined therapies i.e., adoptive T cell or agents, i.e., MEK inhibitor trametinib, PD-1 and PDL-1 blockers). Improved therapeutic protocols shall overcome therapeutic limitations such as the (i) tolerability and safety (i.e., minimal toxic side-effects); (ii) progression free survival (e.g., reduced relapse disease frequency); (iii) duration response (i.e., decreased drug resistance). Eventually, multidisciplinary approaches are still requested (e.g., genomics for personalized medicine, nanomedicine to overcome low free-drug bioavailability and targeting, systematic search of "melanoma stem cells" to enhance the prognosis and develop more valuable theranostics). In this paper, I will mainly present and discuss the latest and promising treatments for advanced cutaneous melanomas.
Lack of biological activity of vitamin D<sub>3</sub>-3β sulfate during lactation in vitamin D-deficient rats (1987)

Sulfoconjugated vitamin D has been claimed to have an important antirachitic activity and to be present at higher amounts than free vitamin D in maternal milk. We have previously shown that vitamin D3-3 beta sulfate (SD3) administration has little effect on calcium and bone metabolism during pregnancy in rats. In the present work, we have compared the biological activity of free vitamin D3 (D3) and SD3 during the lactation period. After delivery, D-depleted (-D) female rats were orally treated with D3 or SD3 (1,300 pmoles/every two days) during 20 days of lactation. Vitamin D status was determined before, during and at the end of the treatment for mother rats and at days 1 and 20 of life in suckling pups. Both mothers and pups were sacrificed at day 20 of lactation and subjected to hormonal and mineral determinations and to histomorphometric analysis of bone metabolism. After 12 days of SD3 treatment, mother rats showed a slight but significant elevation in plasma concentrations of calcium phosphorus and vitamin D metabolites. This effect was reversed at the end of lactation; at this time most maternal plasma parameters did not differ from those observed in -D non-treated mothers. By contrast, 20 days of D3 administration in mothers normalized plasma biochemical parameters. These results were confirmed by analysis of both static and dynamic parameters of bone formation. Maternal SD3 treatment did not improve either plasma biochemical or histological parameters of bone formation and resorption in suckling pups which remained comparable to that of D-deficient pups; by contrast, pups from D3-treated mothers normalized most biochemical plasma parameters although bone metabolism remained abnormal. In conclusion, the biological activity of SD3 on bone and mineral metabolism during lactation in rats is as low as in the nonreproductive stages.
THE REACTION OF CAMPHENE WITH HYDROGEN CYANIDE (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE REACTION OF CAMPHENE WITH HYDROGEN CYANIDEG. A. Stein, M. Sletzinger, H. Arnold, D. Reinhold, W. Gaines, and K. Pfister IIICite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 7, 1514–1515Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01588a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01588a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Force-length relations in cardiac muscle segments (1983)

Using a new technique that measures the length of a segment in the central region of isolated papillaries, we have determined the force-segment length relation for ferret papillary muscles at 27 degrees C. The muscles contracted under muscle length isometric (auxotonic) and segment isometric conditions in physiological solutions containing 9.0, 4.5, 2.25, and 1.125 mM Ca2+. Force-segment length relations obtained from auxotonic and segment isometric contractions were identical in a given Ca2+ concentration. Calcium variations, however, changed the position, shape, and segment length intercept of the force-segment length relation. Force, at a given segment length, increased with increasing Ca2+ up to 9.0 mM Ca2+. The force-segment length relation changed shape from linear, in 4.5 mM Ca2+, to concave in 1.125 mM Ca2+. The segment length intercept was found by extrapolation to be 68, 69, and 74% SLmax in 4.5, 2.25, and 1.125 mM Ca2+, respectively. Two passive force corrections were used to calculate the developed force-segment length relations. Assuming passive force to be related primarily to segment length yields curves that change shape with Ca2+ concentration, suggesting length-dependent activation. On the other hand, assuming passive force to be related to muscle length results in curves for different Ca2+ concentrations that are nearly vertically shifted versions of each other, suggesting the influence of internal loads.
Chemistry of Illite/Smectite and End-Member Illite (1986)

Abstract Chemical data from three different series of diagenetic illite/smectites (I/S), analyzed statistically by two regresion techniques, indicate that the content of fixed-K per illite layer is not constant, but ranges from ~0.55 per O 10 (OH) 2 for illite layers in randomly interstratified I/S (R=0; >50% smectite layers) to ~ 1.0 per O 10 (OH) 2 for illite layers formed in ordered I/S (R>0; <50% smectite layers). By extrapolation of the experimental data, the following chemical characteristics were obtained for end-member illite derived from the alteration of smectite in bentonite: average fixed-K per illite layer = 0.75 per O 10 (OH) 2 ; total charge = about -0.8; cation-exchange capacity = 15 meq/100 g; surface area (EGME) = 150 m 2 /g.
Co‐oligomerization of ethylene and higher linear alpha olefins. I. Co‐oligomerization with the sulfonated nickel ylide‐based catalytic system (1989)

Abstract Co‐oligomers of ethylene and a series of linear α‐olefins (propylene, 1‐butene, 1‐hexene, 1‐heptene, 1‐octene, and 1‐decene) were synthesized with a homogeneous catalyst consisting of sulfonated nickel ylide and diethylaluminum ethoxide at 90°C. GC analysis of the co‐oligomerization products allowed complete structural identification of all reaction products, α‐olefins with linear and branched chains, vinylidene olefins, and linear olefins with internal double bonds. The article describes the reaction scheme of ethylene–olefin co‐oligomerization. The scheme includes chain initiation reactions (insertion of ethylene or an olefin into the NiH bond), chain propagation reactions, and chain termination reactions via β‐hydride elimination. Primary and secondary inertions of α‐olefins into the NiH bond in the initiation stage proceed with nearly equal probabilities. Higher olefins participate in the chain growth reactions (insertion into the NiC bond) also both in primary and secondary insertion modes. The primary insertion of an α‐olefin molecule into the NiC bond produces the β‐branched NiCH 2 CR 1 R 2 group. This group is susceptible to β‐hydride elimination with the formation of vinylidene olefins. However, the NiCH 2 CR 1 R 2 groups can participate in further ethylene insertion reactions and thus form vinyl oligomerization products with branched alkyl groups. On the other hand, the secondary insertion of an α‐olefin molecule into the NiC bond produces the α‐branched NiCR 1 R 2 bond which does not participate in further chain growth reactions and undergoes the β‐hydride elimination reaction with the formation of linear reaction products with internal double bonds. Most co‐oligomer molecules contain only one α‐olefin fragment. However, the analysis of ethylene‐propylene and ethylene‐1‐heptene co‐oligomers allowed identification of products with two olefinic fragments which are also formed in the copolymerization reactions with small yields.
Blue light emitting diode based on <i>p</i> <sup>+</sup> -BeTe/ <i>n</i> <sup>+</sup> -ZnSeESAKI tunnelling heterojunction (2000)

The authors report the realisation of an ESAKI-reverse-injection-concept (ERIC) device using Be chalcogenides. A blue light emitting diode is described based on an ERIC electron-to-hole conversion in front of the waveguide, avoiding p-cladding. The I-V-characteristics show a current density of 1 kA/cm2 at 12.3 V under forward bias and a negative differential resistance (NDR) with a peak-to-valley ratio (PVR) of 8.6:1 under reverse bias at room temperature. The electroluminescence at room temperature at an energy corresponding to the ZnSe active region proves the applicability of the concept.
Purification and characterization of pepsins A1 and A2 from the Antarctic rock cod <i>Trematomus bernacchii</i> (2007)

The Antarctic notothenioid Trematomus bernacchii (rock cod) lives at a constant mean temperature of -1.9 degrees C. Gastric digestion under these conditions relies on the proteolytic activity of aspartic proteases such as pepsin. To understand the molecular mechanisms of Antarctic fish pepsins, T. bernacchii pepsins A1 and A2 were cloned, overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized with a number of biochemical and biophysical methods. The properties of these two Antarctic isoenzymes were compared to those of porcine pepsin and found to be unique in a number of ways. Fish pepsins were found to be more temperature sensitive, generally less active at lower pH and more sensitive to inhibition by pepstatin than their mesophilic counterparts. The specificity of Antarctic fish pepsins was similar but not identical to that of pig pepsin, probably owing to changes in the sequence of fish enzymes near the active site. Gene duplication of Antarctic rock cod pepsins is the likely mechanism for adaptation to the harsh temperature environment in which these enzymes must function.
Automated Provision of Navigation Assistance to Drivers (1987)

Advancing computer technology has made possible automated navigation aids for drivers. These aids are supported by sufficient positioning and data storage technology. The most crucial component of these systems, the user interface, is also the least understood. Few cartographers have anticipated and concerned themselves with the unique design demands of information display in this environment. Several questions about the suitability of current user interfaces are raised and future research needs identified.
A Study of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Paper Made from<i>Agave americana</i>L. Fibers (2011)

This article studies the influence of the pulping conditions of Agave americana L. [temperature (100–120°C), pulping time (60–120 mn) and soda concentration (4–8%)] on the pulp yield, kappa index, brightness, viscosity, and the hand sheets breaking length, tear index, and burst index. Responses of pulp and hand sheets properties to the process variables were analyzed using statistical software (Minitab 14). Pulp has been studied using a factorial design to identify the optimum operating conditions, equations relating the dependant variables to the operational variables of the pulping process were established. Results showed that acceptable physical and mechanical properties of pulps and paper could be achieved at 107°C, for 60 mn, and 6% of soda concentration. These are the most suitable conditions for obtaining paper sheets with a high breaking length and tear and burst indexes. Test sheets made from pulped agave leaf fibers were compared to paper made from other vegetable fibers (pine, agave tequilana, and eucalyptus fibers).