gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-component force sensor based on multiplexed fibre Bragg grating strain sensors (2001)

The control of robots in electromagnetically noisy environments may benefit from the use of EMI-insensitive multi-component force sensors. Multi-component force sensing is usually done with local strain measurements on an elastic transducer. We propose to use fibre Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensors to perform these local strain measurements, taking advantage of their multiplexing capabilities and their immunity to electromagnetic interference. In this paper, we discuss the design and the calibration of a compact multi-component force sensor using an elastic transducing body and eight multiplexed fibre Bragg gratings. We demonstrate, for the first time, that multi-component force sensors based on multiplexed FBG strain sensors can be constructed.
Degree distribution of XORed fountain codes: Theoretical derivation and analysis (2010)

In this work, we focus on the use of network coding in a wireless sensor network where data is already encoded at the source node with fountain codes, in particular LT or Raptor codes. These codes have a specific degree distribution to follow in order to obtain an efficient decoding process. However, adding a layer of network coding on such packets triggers a distorsion of the degree distribution. Consequently, the packet overhead needed for the decoding process can grow significantly.
Design of magnets inside cylindrical superconducting shields (1988)

We discuss the design of magnets inside closed, cylindrical, superconducting shields. We give the Green function for the magnetic vector potential for cylindrically symmetric currents inside such a shield. The magnetic field everywhere inside the shield can be obtained from this function, which includes the effects of the induced shield currents exactly. We give the field for a thin solenoid as an example and discuss the convergence of the series solution for this case. The shield can significantly reduce the strength and improve the homogeneity of a magnet. The improvement in homogeneity is of particular importance in the design of correction coils. These effects, and the maximum field on the shield, are examined for a typical solenoid. The results given are also useful, although not exact, for long shields with one or two open ends.
Focus, Newness and Their Combination: Processing of Information Structure in Discourse (2012)

The relationship between focus and new information has been unclear despite being the subject of several information structure studies. Here, we report an eye-tracking experiment that explored the relationship between them in on-line discourse processing in Chinese reading. Focus was marked by the Chinese focus-particle "shi", which is equivalent to the cleft structure "it was... who..." in English. New information was defined as the target word that was not present in previous contexts. Our results show that, in the target region, focused information was processed more quickly than non-focused information, while new information was processed more slowly than given information. These results reveal differences in processing patterns between focus and newness, and suggest that they are different concepts that relate to different aspects of cognitive processing. In addition, the effect of new/given information occurred in the post-target region for the focus condition, but not for the non-focus condition, suggesting a complex relationship between focus and newness in the discourse integration stage.
New sensitizers for photodynamic therapy. Controlled synthesis of purpurins and their effect on normal tissue (1989)

Purpurins are a class of porphyrin derivative that have been shown to have good in vivo cytotoxicity to N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) induced rat bladder tumors (AY-27) implanted into Fisher 344 rats. The synthesis of purpurins from etioporphyrin I and coproporphyrin I proceeds in high yield and with a high degree of regioselectivity. Product formation can be rationalized in terms of relief of steric strain about the periphery of the purpurin macrocycle. The effect of therapeutic light doses using the rat footpad model suggests that, at therapeutic sensitizer doses, normal tissue damage is within acceptable limits, particularly for metalated purpurins.
Papel de los monitores asistenciales en la mejora de la aplicación de las trayectorias clínicas (2003)

La implementacion de las Trayectorias Clinicas (TC) implica un cambio en la metodologia de trabajo. Con el fin de impulsar esta nueva metodologia y favorecer el proceso de cambio, se propuso la creacion de la figura del Monitor Asistencial (MA). El objetivo de este estudio es conocer el impacto de esta figura en la rigurosidad y calidad de la aplicacion de esta nueva metodologia asistencial. Para ello, se diseno un estudio en el que se compararon algunos indicadores de calidad de 5 TC antes y despues de la instauracion de la figura del MA. Se observo un incremento estadisticamente significativo en el porcentaje global de registros abiertos, que paso del 72% en el periodo previo al 94% en el posterior, asi como en el porcentaje global de cumplimentacion de todos los indicadores establecidos. La figura del MA permite mejorar la rigurosidad en la aplicacion de las TC y la calidad de sus registros.
A Simple Magnetostatic Sensing Method for Assessing the Local Hysteresis Properties in Ferromagnetic Sheet Materials (2012)

Global hysteretic properties of electrical steels can be measured using ring or strip samples, while the assessment of the local hysteretic properties is a much more difficult task since the measurement method needs to be very sensitive. This paper presents a new method wherein the intensity and spatial distribution of the magnetic field, arising from large gradients in the local magnetization, are measured. These large gradients are induced by the passage of a test sample through the steep gradient field of a small, proximate permanent magnet. Magnetic field measurements during both directions of motion provide information indicative of the hysteresis properties. We theoretically analyze these measurements and show experimentally that the measurements correlate well with all the significant aspects of conventional hysteresis loops. The results given in this paper are qualitative, and the method is both by its simplicity and its sensitivity to important hysteresis features a powerful means of magnetic nondestructive evaluation.
Shading atlas streaming (2018)

Streaming high quality rendering for virtual reality applications requires minimizing perceived latency. We introduce Shading Atlas Streaming (SAS), a novel object-space rendering framework suitable for streaming virtual reality content. SAS decouples server-side shading from client-side rendering, allowing the client to perform framerate upsampling and latency compensation autonomously for short periods of time. The shading information created by the server in object space is temporally coherent and can be efficiently compressed using standard MPEG encoding. Our results show that SAS compares favorably to previous methods for remote image-based rendering in terms of image quality and network bandwidth efficiency. SAS allows highly efficient parallel allocation in a virtualized-texture-like memory hierarchy, solving a common efficiency problem of object-space shading. With SAS, untethered virtual reality headsets can benefit from high quality rendering without paying in increased latency.
A Multilevel Approach to Topology-Aware Collective Operations in Computational Grids (2002)

The efficient implementation of collective communiction operations has received much attention. Initial efforts produced "optimal" trees based on network communication models that assumed equal point-to-point latencies between any two processes. This assumption is violated in most practical settings, however, particularly in heterogeneous systems such as clusters of SMPs and wide-area "computational Grids," with the result that collective operations perform suboptimally. In response, more recent work has focused on creating topology-aware trees for collective operations that minimize communication across slower channels (e.g., a wide-area network). While these efforts have significant communication benefits, they all limit their view of the network to only two layers. We present a strategy based upon a multilayer view of the network. By creating multilevel topology-aware trees we take advantage of communication cost differences at every level in the network. We used this strategy to implement topology-aware versions of several MPI collective operations in MPICH-G2, the Globus Toolkit[tm]-enabled version of the popular MPICH implementation of the MPI standard. Using information about topology provided by MPICH-G2, we construct these multilevel topology-aware trees automatically during execution. We present results demonstrating the advantages of our multilevel approach by comparing it to the default (topology-unaware) implementation provided by MPICH and a topology-aware two-layer implementation.
Extreme Learning Machine Ensemble Using Bagging for Facial Expression Recognition (2014)

An extreme learning machine (ELM) is a recently proposed learning algorithm for a single-layer feed forward neural network. In this paper we studied the ensemble of ELM by using a bagging algorithm for facial expression recognition (FER). Facial expression analysis is widely used in the behavior interpretation of emotions, for cognitive science, and social interactions. This paper presents a method for FER based on the histogram of orientation gradient (HOG) features using an ELM ensemble. First, the HOG features were extracted from the face image by dividing it into a number of small cells. A bagging algorithm was then used to construct many different bags of training data and each of them was trained by using separate ELMs. To recognize the expression of the input face image, HOG features were fed to each trained ELM and the results were combined by using a majority voting scheme. The ELM ensemble using bagging improves the generalized capability of the network significantly. The two available datasets (JAFFE and CK+) of facial expressions were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed classification system. Even the performance of individual ELM was smaller and the ELM ensemble using a bagging algorithm improved the recognition performance significantly.
Approaches to achieve high‐level heterologous protein production in plants (2006)

Plants offer an alternative to microbial fermentation and animal cell cultures for the production of recombinant proteins. For protein pharmaceuticals, plant systems are inherently safer than native and even recombinant animal sources. In addition, post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, which cannot be achieved with bacterial fermentation, can be accomplished using plants. The main advantage foreseen for plant systems is reduced production costs. Plants should have a particular advantage for proteins produced in bulk, such as industrial enzymes, for which product pricing is low. In addition, edible plant tissues are well suited to the expression of vaccine antigens and pharmaceuticals for oral delivery. Three approaches have been followed to express recombinant proteins in plants: expression from the plant nuclear genome; expression from the plastid genome; and expression from plant tissues carrying recombinant plant viral sequences. The most important factor in moving plant-produced heterologous proteins from developmental research to commercial products is to ensure competitive production costs, and the best way to achieve this is to boost expression. Thus, considerable research effort has been made to increase the amount of recombinant protein produced in plants. This research includes molecular technologies to increase replication, to boost transcription, to direct transcription in tissues suited for protein accumulation, to stabilize transcripts, to optimize translation, to target proteins to subcellular locations optimal for their accumulation, and to engineer proteins to stabilize them. Other methods include plant breeding to increase transgene copy number and to utilize germplasm suited to protein accumulation. Large-scale commercialization of plant-produced recombinant proteins will require a combination of these technologies.
MAX-Phase Films Overcome Scaling Limitations to the Resistivity of Metal Thin Films (2021)

Metal thin films have been widely used as conductors in semiconductor devices for several decades. However, the resistivity of metal thin films such as Cu and TiN increases substantially (>1000%) as they become thinner (<10 nm) when using high-density integration to improve device performance. In this study, the resistivities of MAX-phase V<sub>2</sub>AlC films grown on sapphire substrates exhibited a significantly weaker dependence on the film thickness than conventional metal films that resulted in a resistivity increase of only 30%, as the V<sub>2</sub>AlC film thickness decreased from approximately 45 to 5 nm. The resistivity was almost identical for film thicknesses of 10-50 nm. The small change in the resistivity of V<sub>2</sub>AlC films with decreasing film thickness originated from the highly ordered crystalline quality and a small electron mean free path (11-13.6 nm). Thus, MAX-phase thin films have great potential for advanced metal technology applications to overcome the current scaling limitations of semiconductor devices.
A network with multi-partitioning units (1989)

The authors propose a fuzzy partition model (FPM), a multilayer feedforward perceptron-like network. The most important point of FPM is that it has multiple-input/output units which are upper compatible with the threshold units commonly used in the backpropagation (BP) model. The number of outputs is called the degree N of that unit, and an FPM unit can classify input patterns into N categories. Because the sum total of the output values of an FPM unit is always one, Kullback divergence is adopted as a network measure to derive its learning rule. The fact that the learning rule does not include the derivative of a sigmoid function, which causes the convergence of the network to be slow, contributes to its fast learning ability. The authors applied FPM to some basic problems, and the results indicated the high potential of this model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Computer-Operated Manufacturing and Test System (1967)

A computer system utilizing duplexed central processors and three types of satellite computer terminals has been developed for the control of manufacturing processes and product tests. The system was designed for use in a plant producing data processing equipment. The prime objectives of the project were (1) to reduce the time required for the plant to accept new products or product changes, (2) to reduce control and test equipment costs by using standard control and test equipment, and (3) to improve product quality through more uniform processes and tests. The objectives were met by using small, stored-program computer terminals to control individual tests and processes. These terminals are connected to a central computer system which assists with data processing and serves as an input/output device for the terminals. The design and implementation of the system occurred in two phases. During the first phase the stored-program test terminal, a high-speed data transmission system, and a multiplexer were designed and installed on an IBM 1460 Data Processing System. A programming system was developed concurrently with the hardware. This system included a real-time monitor and application and utility programs which were written for operation in a time-shared environment. During the second phase of development a process control terminal, a data acquisition terminal, and a new multiplexer for duplexing two 1460 Data Processing Systems were designed and implemented. Also developed were shared file control units, an improved transmission system, and programming designed to effectively utilize the power of two computer systems on a real-time basis.
P2X7 receptor induces mitochondrial failure in monocytes and compromises NLRP3 inflammasome activation during sepsis (2019)

Sepsis is characterized by a systemic inflammatory response followed by immunosuppression of the host. Metabolic defects and mitochondrial failure are common in immunocompromised patients with sepsis. The NLRP3 inflammasome is important for establishing an inflammatory response after activation by the purinergic P2X7 receptor. Here, we study a cohort of individuals with intra-abdominal origin sepsis and show that patient monocytes have impaired NLRP3 activation by the P2X7 receptor. Furthermore, most sepsis-related deaths are among patients whose NLRP3 activation is profoundly altered. In monocytes from sepsis patients, the P2X7 receptor is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, activation of the P2X7 receptor results in mitochondrial damage, which in turn inhibits NLRP3 activation by HIF-1α. We show that mortality increases in a mouse model of sepsis when the P2X7 receptor is activated in vivo. These data reveal a molecular mechanism initiated by the P2X7 receptor that contributes to NLRP3 impairment during infection.
Activation of Intrinsic Afferent Pathways in Submucosal Ganglia of the Guinea Pig Small Intestine (2000)

The enteric nervous system contains intrinsic primary afferent neurons that allow mucosal stimulation to initiate reflexes without CNS input. We tested the hypothesis that submucosal primary afferent neurons are activated by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) released from the stimulated mucosa. Fast and/or slow EPSPs were recorded in submucosal neurons after the delivery of exogenous 5-HT, WAY100325 (a 5-HT(1P) agonist), mechanical, or electrical stimuli to the mucosa of myenteric plexus-free preparations (+/- extrinsic denervation). These events were responses of second-order cells to transmitters released by excited primary afferent neurons. After all stimuli, fast and slow EPSPs were abolished by a 5-HT(1P) antagonist, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptophyl-5-hydroxytryptophan amide, and by 1.0 microM tropisetron, but not by 5-HT(4)-selective antagonists (SB204070 and GR113808A) or 5-HT(3)-selective antagonists (ondansetron and 0.3 microM tropisetron). Fast EPSPs in second-order neurons were blocked by hexamethonium, and most slow EPSPs were blocked by an antagonist of human calcitonin gene-related peptide (hCGRP(8-37)). hCGRP(8-37) also inhibited the spread of excitation in the submucosal plexus, assessed by measuring the uptake of FM2-10 and induction of c-fos. In summary, data are consistent with the hypothesis that 5-HT from enterochromaffin cells in response to mucosal stimuli initiates reflexes by stimulating 5-HT(1P) receptors on submucosal primary afferent neurons. Second-order neurons respond to these cholinergic/CGRP-containing cells with nicotinic fast EPSPs and/or CGRP-mediated slow EPSPs. Slow EPSPs are necessary for excitation to spread within the submucosal plexus. Because some second-order neurons contain also CGRP, primary afferent neurons may be multifunctional and also serve as interneurons.
Recency and duration neglect in subjective assessment of television picture quality (2001)

Abstract Digitally coded television pictures exhibit transient picture impairments that can vary in intensity and duration. It is an important practical question to determine the extent to which these transient impairments affect the overall quality of a television sequence, as a function of their location within the sequence, their duration and their magnitude. Five experiments are reported. It is shown that retrospective quality ratings are poorer when the worst‐quality video occurs at the end compared to the beginning of a 30 s video sequence. This recency effect was eliminated when subjects were asked to continuously evaluate picture quality. The duration of an impairment was found to have little impact on quality ratings. A regression analysis found that quality ratings were best predicted by the peak impairment intensity. The results were interpreted in terms of Hogarth and Einhorn's ( 1992 ) belief‐adjustment model. The implications for television picture quality evaluation are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Apoptosis: Molecular Control Point in Toxicity (1994)

Apoptosis is a controlled form of cell death that serves as a molecular point of regulation for biological processes. Cell selection by apoptosis occurs during normal physiological functions as well as toxicities and diseases. Apoptosis is the counterpart and counterbalance to mitosis in cell population determination. Complex patterns of cell signaling and specific gene expression are clearly involved in the control of cell fate. Exposure to an apogen, a trigger of apoptosis, can significantly increase apoptotic cell loss during homeostatic processes as well as acute or chronic toxicities. Alternately, suppression of apoptosis through, for example, interference in cell signaling can result in pathological accumulation of aberrant cells and diseases such as tumors. Investigations into the mechanisms underlying apoptosis have extended into many areas, driven by increasingly sophisticated instrumental and molecular biology techniques. This symposium summary explores related aspects of apoptosis, including control of cell population size and function, specific gene activity and regulation, chromatin condensation and scaffold detachment, oxidative stress-induced cell proliferation versus death by apoptosis or necrosis, and hepatotoxicant-induced apoptosis versus necrosis. Insights into the mechanisms governing apoptosis and increasing appreciation of the relevance of apoptotic cell death are redirecting research in toxicology and carcinogenesis and are yielding novel therapeutic approaches for the control of toxicity, disease, and ultimately perhaps senescence.
Introduction (2005)

Commodore Matthew C. Perry’s expedition to Japan in 1853 and 1854 is characterized as having “opened up” Japan1 and ushered in a period of transformation beginning with the Meiji Restoration (1867–1868). The history of the Meiji era (1868–1912) has received special attention2 but the role of science, technology, and medicine in the transformations that Japan underwent at that time and in the decades that immediately followed, has yet to be revisited.
Glucocorticoid Receptor and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activity after Restraint Stress and Acoustic Trauma (2009)

Restraint stress (RS) protects auditory function against acoustic trauma by activating glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in the cochlea. In a search for the signaling pathways downstream to GR that may be involved in RS-induced protection we report here (1) a downregulation of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (pERK 1/2) after the combined treatment of RS and acoustic trauma; (2) activation of phospho-p38 in the auditory nerve after RS; (3) the abolition of these two effects by pretreatment with metyrapone (an inhibitor of corticosterone synthesis) and RU486 (a GR antagonist); and (4) no activation of c-jun-N-terminal kinases 1 and 2 (JNK 1/2), ERK, or p38 after acoustic trauma alone. Thus we demonstrate a GR-dependent ERK-mediated pathway that modulates auditory function after RS and acoustic trauma. These findings reveal new mechanisms that underlie hearing loss and will have implications for the development of pharmacological strategies for protecting against acoustic trauma.