gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Acoustic sniper localization system</title> (1997)

Technologies for sniper localization have received increased attention in recent months as American forces have been deployed to various trouble spots around the world. Among the technologies considered for this task acoustics is a natural choice for various reasons. The acoustic signatures of gunshots are loud and distinctive, making them easy to detect even in high noise background environments. Acoustics provides a passive sensing technology with excellent range and non line of sight capabilities. Last but not least, an acoustic sniper location system can be built at a low cost with off the shelf components. Despite its many advantages, the performance of acoustic sensors can degrade under adverse propagation conditions. Localization accuracy, although good, is usually not accurate enough to pinpoint a sniper's location in some scenarios (for example which widow in a building or behind which tree in a grove). For these more demanding missions, the acoustic sensor can be used in conjunction with an infra red imaging system that detects the muzzle blast of the gun. The acoustic system can be used to cue the pointing system of the IR camera in the direction of the shot's source.
Transient Hyperammonemia of the Preterm Infant (1978)

This paper presents a study on the asymmetry of the Balmer Hb profile in plasmas produced by microwaves at high pressure with the help of some functions of asymmetry for the whole profile, as well as by means of some specific parameters characterizing only its central dip. The study shows how this asymmetry—very low in our case—depends on the electron density and flux of gases and how the existence of inhomogeneities in the\nplasma can affect the shape and symmetry of this line. Also, limitations on the determination of the asymmetry are pointed out and the use of this profile for plasma diagnosis is discussed.
On the use of phosphors excited by low-energy electrons in a gas-discharge flat-panel display (1973)

A gas-discharge flat-panel display device has been constructed in which the light output is white and the color is independent of intensity. The device is based on the Burroughs Self-Scan <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> structure. A white output was obtained by combining the orange glow of a gas mixture which is predominantly neon with the green emission of a ZnO:Zn phosphor (P15) deposited on transparent conducting anodes and excited by incident low-energy electrons. A peak spot intensity of 3000 fL in the white was achieved at a display-cell current density of 0.33 Aċcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> and 180 V across the display cell. In a control region where no phosphor was deposited and the output was orange, the peak spot brightness was 7500 fL. Experiments on single-cell devices using helium, neon, argon, and xenon are described which demonstrate that the phosphor is indeed excited by low-energy electrons rather than by UV radiation from the gas discharge. The latter method had been used exclusively to date to obtain colors other than orange in gas-discharge flat-panel displays.
BE-32030 A, B, C, D and E, New Antitumor Substances Produced by Nocardia sp. A32030. (1997)

New antitumor substances, designated BE-32030A, B, C, D and E, were isolated from the culture broth of Nocardia sp. A32030. The active principles were extracted from the mycelium by methanol and purified by Sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase column chromatographies and finally by reversed-phase HPLC. BE-32030A, B, C, D and E inhibited the growth of P388 murine leukemia, DLD-1 human colon cancer, PC-13 human lung cancer and MKN-45 human stomach cancer cell lines.
Synthesis of Cu Nanotubes with Silicon Oxide Nanowire Templates by MOCVD (2004)

Cu nanotubes have been synthesized using silicon oxide nanowires as templates. The silicon oxide nanowires were then coated with a thin, uniform copper layer by metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Hollow Cu nanotubes were then produced by etching away the inner silicon oxide templates with dilute HF solution. The synthesis process was simple and of low cost. A large quantity of the Cu nanotubes can be readily grown. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
한국 다문화 사회에서 한반도 통일의 가치 정립의 토대에 대한 연구 -문화 개념과 정서 개념의 다문화적 접근의 가능성을 중심으로 (2011)

이번 연구는 한국 다문화 사회에서 한반도 통일의 가치토대를 어떻게 확립할 것인지를 탐구하는데 주요 목적이 있다. 이번 연구의 주제는 다문화 구성원들, 특히 북한 주민들과 새터민, 외국인 노동자, 국제결혼 이주자 및 그 자녀들이 과연 한번도 통일의 가치를 공유할 수 있는지, 즉 한민족 정체성과 그것의 가치분담이다. 이를 위해 이번 연구에서는 ``문화 개념의 다문화 수준별 적용``에 관한 기존의 연구논문을 활용하고, 그 한계를 밝히며, 이를 보완할 수 있는 하나의 대안으로서 ``정서(emotion)``의 다문화적 적용 가능성을 제시해보고자 한다. 기존의 문화 개념의 적용의 양상은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 문화 개념을 ``의미의 패턴``으로 간주하는 경향으로서 주로 상징과 해석에 초점을 둔다. 이는 주로 타문화를 이해하는데 유용한 방식이라고 할 수 있다. 예컨대, 국제결혼 이주민이 초기 한국 사회의 정착시기에 한국 사회를 이해하는 방식이라고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 문화 개념을 지속적인 완전성을 향한 과정으로 이해하는 경향으로서, 이는 주로 자문화를 확인하는 방식이라고 할 수 있다. 예컨대, 국제결혼 이주민이 한국 사회에 정착하면서 본격적인 삶을 영위할 때 ``한국인``으로서 정체성을 확인하는 방식이다. 하지만 이와 같은 기존의 연구성과를 북한 주민, 새터민, 국제결혼 이주민 가정의 자녀에게 적용했을 때에는 일정한 한계가 보인다. 첫째, 북한 주민들은 현재 북한 정권의 특성상, 다문화 사회에 대한 거부감이 크고, 단일민족주의를 이데올로기적 차원에서 이해할 가능성이 매우 크다. 즉 북한 주민들이 자문화 차원에서 민족정체성을 강하게 확인하더라고, 매우 폐쇄적이라고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 새터민의 경우에는 자문화 확인의 정도는 강하지만, 한국 사회의 정착과정에서 경험하게 되는 사회경제적 차별로 인해 자신들만의 정체성 확인에 그친다. 셋째, 국제결혼 이주민 가정의 자녀들과 그 부모들은 모두가 ``한국인``이라는 정체성 수준은 매우 높았다. 다만 이주민 부모의 경우에는 자신들의 문화에 대한 정체성은 그대로 유지하고 있었다. 그러나 순혈주의의 측면에서 이들 모두에 대한 차별적 인식은 여전히 강하게 남아 있는 실정이다. 한반도 통일에 대한 가치의 토대는 다문화 구성원들 모두가 분담할 수 있는 ``정체성``의 문제이다. 이를 삶의 영역에서 확인하고 전개할 수 있는 방안은 각 구성원들의 특성들을 모두 고려할 수 있을 때에만 가능하다. 기존 연구의 문화 개념을 다문화 수준별로 접근했을 때 근본적인 문제는 내면적으로 구성원들 모두가 한국 다문화 사회에서 한민족 정체성에 대한 어떤 공통된 분담을 가질 수 있는지에 대한 답을 명료하게 제시하지 못했다. 이런 점에서 다문화 사회에서 한반도 통일의 가치토대는 외면적이고 제도적인 문제라기보다는 내면적이고 정체성에 관한 문제이다. 이 문제는 결국 다문화 구성원들이 관계의 삶의 영역에서 도덕적 행위자라는 점에서 이들의 정서가 문화적으로 전개되는 과정에서 보다 세밀하게 진행되어야 할 것이다.
SAN DIEGO'S INTERSTATE 15 HIGH-OCCUPANCY/TOLL LANE FACILITY USING VALUE PRICING (1999)

The Interstate 15 (I-15) Value Pricing Project is a federally funded, $9.95 million, 3-year demonstration program that allows single-occupant vehicles (SOVs) to use the existing high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes on I-15 for a fee. I-15 is a major north-south freeway in the inland San Diego, California, region. The project began in December 1996 and is generating revenue for transit-service improvements in the I-15 corridor. This feature provides an overview of the project, including background, phasing, and a summary of observations to date. Throughout Phase I (Interim Operations), HOV lane traffic remained free-flowing. Usage of the HOV lanes increased by 27%, from a daily average of 9,215 vehicles in October 1996 (preproject) to 11,700 vehicles in March 1998. However, the additional vehicles on the HOV lanes were primarily carpools and not SOVs. Actual ExpressPass customer use was less than expected. As of March 1998, ExpressPass customers represented 10% of total traffic on the HOV lanes. The violation rate was relatively low throughout Phase I. During the first 8 months of full implementation (Phase II), the price varied between $0.50 and $4.00, and level of service (LOS) C was rarely exceeded. By the end of February 1999, more than 7,000 transponders had been distributed to more than 5,200 accountholders. Most FasTrak customers are occasional users. Monthly transponder usage data for April-September 1998 indicated that 53% of transponders were used 1-5 times, 18% were used 6-10 times, 11 percent were used 11-15 times, and the remaining 19% were used 16-40 times per month. There has been good customer acceptance of dynamic pricing.
Characterization of CD326-positive human hepatic stem cells (2021)

CD326-positive cells represent a heterogeneous population, which in combination with SSEA4 potentially distinguishes bile duct epithelium from hepatic stem cells. These findings can help to further classify human hepatic progenitor stages.
A Polymer Membrane Containing Fe<sup>0</sup> as a Contaminant Barrier (2004)

A poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) membrane containing iron (Fe(0)) particles was developed and tested as a model barrier for contaminant containment. Carbon tetrachloride, copper (Cu2+), nitrobenzene, 4-nitroacetophenone, and chromate (Cr04(2-)) were selected as model contaminants. Compared with a pure PVA membrane, the Fe(0)/PVA membrane can increase the breakthrough lag time for Cu2+ and carbon tetrachloride by more than 100-fold. The increase in the lag time was smaller for nitrobenzene and 4-nitroacetophenone, which stoichiometrically require more iron and for which the PVA membrane has a higher permeability. The effect of Fe(0) was even smaller for CrO4(2-) because of its slow reaction. Forty-five percent of the iron, based on the content in the dry membrane prior to hydration, was consumed by reaction with Cu2+ and 15% by reaction with carbon tetrachloride. Similarly, 25%, 17%, and 6% of the iron was consumed by nitrobenzene, 4-nitroacetophenone, and CrO4(2-), respectively. These percentages approximately double when the loss of iron during membrane hydration is considered. The permeability of the Fe(0)/PVA membrane after breakthrough was within a factor of 3 for that of pure PVA, consistent with theory. These results suggest that polymer membranes with embedded Fe(0) have potential as practical contaminant barriers.
Effects of Midkine During In Vitro Maturation of Bovine Oocytes on Subsequent Developmental Competence1 (2000)

Midkine (MK) is known to be a member of a new family of heparin-binding growth/differentiation factors, together with pleiotrophin, and to be quite rich in bovine follicular fluid. To examine whether treatment with MK during in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine granulosa-enclosed oocytes affects their nuclear maturation and postfertilization development to the blastocyst stage, bovine granulosa-enclosed oocytes obtained from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries were cultured for 24 h in IVM medium without (control) or with various concentrations (1-500 ng/ml) of MK, followed by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and culturing. Although the MK treatment during IVM did not affect the rate of nuclear maturation or the postfertilization cleavage of oocytes, MK at > or = 10 ng/ml significantly (P: < 0.05) increased the blastocyst yields per tested and per cleaved oocyte compared with the case of the control. Next, the effects of various glycosaminoglycans (heparin, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate A and C, and hyaluronic acid) preincubated with MK at 50 ng/ml were examined. The enhancing activity of MK was completely suppressed by heparin at 600 ng/ml but not by the other compounds. The effects of MK during IVM were also tested on oocytes freed from granulosa cells (GCs). When the denuded oocytes were cultured in IVM medium, no blastocyst formation after IVF was observed, regardless of MK supplementation. However, coculture of the denuded oocytes with isolated GC pellets enhanced the cleavage rates and the blastocyst yield, and these effects were more pronounced with MK supplementation. These results indicate that the presence of MK during IVM of bovine granulosa-enclosed oocytes can enhance their developmental competence to the blastocyst stage after IVF and suggest that the enhancing effects might be mainly mediated by GCs.
<title>Hypospadias repair using laser tissue soldering (LTS): preliminary results of a prospective randomized study</title> (1998)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate laser tissue soldering using an 808 nm diode laser and wavelength- matched human albumin solder for urethral surgery in children. Methods: Currently, 30 boys, ages 3 months to 8 years were randomized to standard suturing (n equals 22) or 'sutureless' laser hypospadias repair (n equals 18). Laser soldering was performed with a human albumin solder doped with indocyanine green dye (2.5 mg/ml) using a laser power output of 0.5 W, pulse duration of 0.5 sec, and interval of 0.1 sec. Power density was approximately 16 W/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. In the laser group, sutures were used for tissue alignment only. At the time of surgery, neourethral and penile lengths, operative time for urethral repair, and number of sutures/throws were measured. Postoperatively, patients were examined for complications of wound healing, stricture, or fistula formation. Results: Mean age, severity of urethral defect, type of repair, and neourethra length were equivalent between the two groups. Operative time was significantly faster for laser soldering in both simple (1.6 plus or minus 0.21 min, p less than 0.001) and complex (5.4 plus or minus 0.28 min, p less than 0.0001) hypospadias repairs compared to controls (10.6 plus or minus 1.4 min and 27.8 plus or minus 2.9 min, respectively). The mean number of sutures used in the laser group for simple and complex repairs (3.3 plus or minus 0.3 and 8.1 plus or minus 0.64, respectively) were significantly (p less than 0.0001) less than for controls (8.2 plus or minus 0.84 and 20 plus or minus 2.3, respectively). Followup was between 3 months and 14 months. The overall complication rate in the laser group (11%) was lower than the controls (23%). However, statistical significance (p less than 0.05) was achieved only for the subgroup of patients undergoing simple repairs (LTS, 100% success versus suturing, 69% success). Conclusions: These preliminary results indicate that laser tissue soldering for hypospadias repair may be performed in a nearly sutureless fashion and in a more rapid manner than for conventional suturing. The trend towards a decreased rate of complications in the laser group at this time indicates that laser soldering may be an improved method of tissue closure for hypospadias repair. We continue to accrue patients to this study.
Facet Denervation in the Management of Back and Sciatic Pain (1976)

Back pain, with or without sciatic radiation, may come from a number of anatomical sites. Radiofrequency facet denervation suggests that a majority of patients seem to have pain referred from distress of the facet joints or the sacro-iliac joints. In those patients who are properly selected and have not had previous surgical treatment, radiofrequency denervation of the appropriate facet joints yields partial to total relief of pain in 82% of cases. The technique for doing this procedure and for selection of patients must be followed very closely but in over 800 patients surveyeyed for this report no neurologic complications have been reported. Facet denervation, when indicated, is proposed as a safe alternative to either chemonucleolysis or surgery.
Assessment of Effects of a Radiofrequency Energy Field and Thermistor Location in an Electrode Catheter on the Accuracy of Temperature Measurement (1991)

Accurate measurement of temperature at the interface of the delivery electrode and the tissue during transcatheter delivery of radiofrequency energy (RFE) for ablation would provide better control of lesion production. Electromagnetic energy fields can affect the accuracy of temperature measurement with thermistors. An electrode probe was fabricated with a thermistor and an optical sensor in the center of the delivery electrode. Simultaneous temperature measurements during RFE delivery to cardiac tissue in the 37 degrees C bath showed good agreement between the sensors, indicating that the RFE field did not cause errors in thermistor temperature measurements with the electrode probe used. A second electrode probe was designed to determine optimal thermistor location. It was constructed using two thermistors with identical temperature-resistance curves. One thermistor protruded through a hole in the side of the delivery electrode and was thermally isolated from it. The other thermistor was bonded to the inner surface of the electrode with heat conductive epoxy. The electrode was placed in contact with cardiac tissue in a 37 degrees C bath of flowing saline with the protruding thermistor centered in the area to be heated. Temperatures measured at steady state during RFE delivery with the protruding thermistor were consistently higher than those of the inner wall thermistor, ranging from 1.8 degrees C difference at 46 degrees C to 8.3 degrees C difference at 75 degrees C interface temperature. The thermistor must be in contact with the tissue and thermally isolated from the delivery electrode for accurate determination of electrode/tissue interface temperature.
Functional characterization of non‐human primate erythrocyte immune adherence receptors: implications for the uptake of immune complexes by the cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system (1992)

Erythrocytes from primates express an immune adherence (IA) receptor that binds complement-opsonized immune complexes (IC) both in vivo and in vitro. We have analyzed the immunochemical and functional properties of the IA receptor from erythrocytes from species that have been used for in vivo IC clearance studies and have compared these properties to the human IA receptor (which is called complement receptor type 1, CR1). Erythrocytes from all species (chimpanzee, baboon, rhesus and cynomolgus monkey) bind antibody/double-stranded DNA IC when opsonized with autologous complement. However, IC which are bound to chimpanzee erythrocytes are not released upon addition of chimpanzee serum (which contains factor I activity), while IC bound to baboon erythrocytes and human erythrocytes are released upon addition of autologous serum. Anti-human CR1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) E11 and HB8592 bind to erythrocytes from all species examined and the number of mAb epitopes per erythrocyte correlated with the number of IC that could bind to the erythrocyte under saturating conditions. However, a number of interesting differences between the species are observed with other mAb. The anti-CR1 mAb 1B4 and 3D9, which block recognition of ligand by CR1, did not bind to chimpanzee erythrocytes and bound partially to rhesus and cynomolgus monkey erythrocytes. In addition, the ability of autologous serum to induce release of erythrocyte-bound IC correlates with the presence of these epitopes. These findings, taken in context with previous clearance studies, suggest that serum-mediated release may not be required for the rapid transfer of the IC from the erythrocyte to the mononuclear phagocytic system.
Lipid metabolism of<i>Agaricus bisporus</i> (Lange) sing.: I. Analysis of sporophore and mycelial lipids (1971)

Abstract The lipid components of four strains of Agricus bisporus (Lange) Sing., the cultivated mushroom, were analyzed. Both sporophore and mycelial samples were obtained from beds in normal production. A method for obtaining mycelium free of compost was developed. Neutral lipids were separated from polar lipids by silicic acid column chromatography. Each fraction was separated by thin layer chromatography. Fatty acid methyl esters were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Sporophore extracts contained free sterol, free fatty acid, triglycerides, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. High amounts of linoleic acid were found in both neutral and polar lipid fractions. Mycelial extracts contained free fatty acids, triglycerides, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. No free sterol could be detected. Linoleic acid was also present in large amounts.
Study on Synthesis of Cationic Water in Water Polyacrylamide Emulsion Strength Agent (2012)

Emulsion copolymerization of acrylamide (AM) and cationic monomer DMC (methyl acrylacyl oxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) was studied. A series of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) emulsion were synthesized using Water in water emulsion polymerization. Influence of polymerization conditions such as cationic monomer (DMC) ratio, reaction time, the initiator dosage on synthetic product strengthening effect to paper pulp was studied. It was showed that the CPAM emulsion optimal synthetic conditions was that AM monomer second adding amount was 60% AM total amount, ammonium persulfate initiator and sodium hydrogen sulfite initiator dosage was 0.138g and 0.03g respectively, mass ratio of DMC and AM was 15:85, reaction time was 7 hours. When the dosage of CPAM emulsion was 1.0% to absolute dry bleached wheat straw pulp, distinct strengthening effect was acquired, tensile index and tearing index of handsheet was increased by 27.2% and 26.8% respectively.
Submerged WDM network implementation using all optical wavelength routers (1997)

Wavelength division multiplexing demonstrates a great potential for the next generation of undersea fibre optic cable networks. WDM techniques will allow greater transmission capacity and network flexibility compared to the present single channel optical amplifier systems. Complex network connectivity can be implemented for the first time with the use of an all optical wavelength add/drop multiplexer (WADM) incorporated into the submerged branching unit. One or more channels can be added and dropped at each branching unit and multiple wavelength re-use is allowed to establish the required connectivity between the nodes. Traffic protection and channel independence can also be managed. This ensures international operators that their traffic is protected against failures or interference in parts of the system not involved in their transmission path. This paper describes the general features of the submerged branching unit as well as specific implementations for different network architectures. The means for providing network connectivity and wavelength routing is explained. The requirements for add/drop channel management and traffic independence are described. Future solutions for achieving enhanced routing flexibility and reconfigurable capacity allocation also discussed. (5 pages)
RHEOLOGY OF ACID‐INDUCED SODIUM CASEINATE STABILIZED EMULSION GELS (1999)

ABSTRACT The storage modulus G', loss modulus G”, and phase angle δ of acidinduced sodium caseinate emulsion gels were measured at 25C for a certain period of time after the addition of glucono‐δ‐lactone (GDL). Comparison between pure protein gels and emulsion gels revealed that the presence of emulsion droplets greatly enhanced the gel strength. Acidification by mixing an emulsion with a GDL solution caused immediate gelation but the emulsion gel had similar mechanical properties to the gel formed by direct addition of GDL granules. The viscoelasticity of the gel was strongly related to the pH value of the system. There was no evidence for a three‐dimensional network when the pH value was higher than 5.8 or lower than 3.2. The largest storage and loss moduli were observed for gels formed at pH values near the isoelectric point of sodium caseinate (pH 4.6). Rheological differences for gels made at different pH values became distinguishable at low frequencies, where a much smaller phase angle was determined for a gel made at a pH value below the isoelectric point. Partial recovery of the three‐dimensional gel network was observed for disrupted gels formed at a pH near the isoelectric point.
Age-Related Differences in the Elasticity of the Human Cornea (2010)

The stiffness of the human cornea increases by a factor of approximately two between the ages of 20 and 100 years. This variation is relevant to the algorithms used to predict the response to incisional and ablative refractive surgery and will also affect the formulas used to calculate intraocular pressure by applanation.