gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safe and Efficient Intersection Control of Connected and Autonomous Intersection Traffic (2018)

In this dissertation, we address a problem of safe and efficient intersection crossing traffic management of autonomous and connected ground traffic. Toward this objective, an algorithm that is called the Discrete-time occupancies trajectory based Intersection traffic Coordination Algorithm (DICA) is proposed. All vehicles in the system are Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) and capable of wireless Vehicle-to-Intersection communication. In the proposed framework, an intersection coordinates the motions of CAVs based on their proposed DTOTs to let them cross the intersection efficiently while avoiding collisions. In case when there is a collision between vehicles' DTOTs, the intersection modifies conflicting DTOTs to avoid the collision and requests CAVs to approach and cross the intersection according to the modified DTOTs. We then prove that the basic DICA is deadlock free and also starvation free. We also show that the basic DICA is conservative in computational complexity and improve it by several computational approaches. Next, we addressed the problem of evacuating emergency vehicles as quickly as possible through autonomous and connected intersection traffic in this dissertation. The proposed intersection control algorithm Reactive DICA aims to determine an efficient vehicle-passing sequence which allows the emergency vehicle to cross an intersection as soon as possible while the travel times of other vehicles are minimally affected. When there are no emergency vehicles within the intersection area, the vehicles are controlled by DICA. When there are emergency vehicles entering communication range, we prioritize emergency vehicles through optimal ordering of vehicles. A genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem which finds the optimal vehicle sequence that gives the emergency vehicles the highest priority.
Work-Nonwork Conflict and the Phenomenology of Time (2001)

Most research on work-nonwork conflict emphasizes time allocation, evoking the metaphor of “balancing” time. Balance imagery is restrictive because it neglects the perceptual experience of time and the subjective meanings people assign to it. We propose an alternative metaphor of time as a “container of meaning.” Drawing upon role-identity and self-discrepancy theories, we develop a model and propositions relating meanings derived from work and nonwork time to the experience of work-nonwork conflict. We argue that work-nonwork conflict is shaped not only by time's quantitative aspect but also by the extent to which work and nonwork time is identity affirming versus identity discrepant.
Development of Radial Waveguide Dividers with Large Number of Ports (2015)

Power division/combination is a very important function for achieving high-performance power amplification in microwave and millimeter-wave systems, allowing the use of simpler individual amplifiers to provide microwave/millimeter wave high power signals. In this paper we address the development of divider/combiners in waveguide technology for large number of ports. Radial waveguide dividers will be studied, starting from the S-parameters representing the N-port waveguide junction, and ending with the full-wave simulations. Two different designs in this technology are studied. The experimental evaluation will come from a prototype at Ku-band, fabricated and tested in order to validate the design.
Generation of hyperpolarized substrates by secondary labeling with [1,1-<sup>13</sup>C] acetic anhydride (2009)

In this manuscript, the remarkable NMR signal enhancement that can be provided by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) was combined with the reactivity of acetic anhydride with amines to perform rapid, high SNR analyses of amino acid mixtures and to hyperpolarize new biomolecules of interest. [1,1-(13)C] acetic anhydride is an excellent substrate for DNP hyperpolarization because it can be well polarized in only 30 min and has a relatively long T(1) relaxation time (33.9 s at 11.7 T and 37 degrees C). The secondary hyperpolarization approach developed in this project takes advantage of the preferential reaction of acetic anhydride with amine nucleophiles, which occurs much more rapidly than hydrolysis to produce hyperpolarized N-acetyl adducts. This new approach was used to reproducibly and near-quantitatively (mean yield - 89.8%) resolve a mixture of amino acids Gly, Ser, Val, Leu, and Ala in a single acquisition (3 s) with a signal enhancement of up to 1,400-fold as compared with thermal equilibrium. Secondary hyperpolarization was performed for several small peptides and N-acetylcysteine, a drug administered intravenously to treat acetaminophen overdose. Although, in general the T(1) of the N-acetyl adducts decreased with increasing molecular weight of the biomolecules, the T(1) values were still on the order of 10 s, and the correlation of T(1) with molecular weight was not exact suggesting the potential of secondarily polarizing relatively large biomolecules. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using prepolarized [1,1-(13)C] acetic anhydride and rapid chemical reactions to provide high SNR NMR spectra of amino acid derivatives and other biomolecules.
How significant is a protein structure similarity with TM-score = 0.5? (2010)

We first made an all-to-all gapless structural match on 6684 non-homologous single-domain proteins in the PDB and found that the TM-scores follow an extreme value distribution. The data allow us to assign each TM-score a P-value that measures the chance of two randomly selected proteins obtaining an equal or higher TM-score. With a TM-score at 0.5, for instance, its P-value is 5.5 x 10(-7), which means we need to consider at least 1.8 million random protein pairs to acquire a TM-score of no less than 0.5. Second, we examine the posterior probability of the same fold proteins from three datasets SCOP, CATH and the consensus of SCOP and CATH. It is found that the posterior probability from different datasets has a similar rapid phase transition around TM-score=0.5. This finding indicates that TM-score can be used as an approximate but quantitative criterion for protein topology classification, i.e. protein pairs with a TM-score >0.5 are mostly in the same fold while those with a TM-score <0.5 are mainly not in the same fold.
Uncooled MEMS-based detector arrays for THz imaging applications (2009)

We report experimental results on recently developed MEMS-based, uncooled THz detectors and imaging applications for linear focal plane arrays constructed from them. The detector incorporates a broadband micro-antenna coupled to an impedance-matched microbridge. Micro-antennas were fabricated having cut-on frequencies of 500GHz, 650GHz, and 1.5THz, each with bandwidth of several hundred GHz. Sensitivity and frequency response of the detectors is predicted to be ~6pW/√Hz (with backplane) and 7kHz, respectively, and supporting measurements of the first devices will be presented. Fully integrated 1x8 linear focal plane arrays have been assembled and will be used in on-going imaging demonstrations.
A two-stage approach to saliency detection in images (2008)

Researches in psychology, perception and related fields show that there may be a two-stage process involved in human vision. In this paper, we propose an approach by following a two-stage framework for saliency detection. In the first stage, we extend an existing spectrum residual model for better locating visual pop-outs, while in the second stage we make use of coherence based propagation for further refinement of the results from the first step. For evaluation of the proposed approach, 300 images with diverse contents were manually and accurately labeled. Experiments show that our approach achieves much better performance than that from the existing state-of-art.
Guidelines for the selection, configuration, and use of transport layer security (TLS) implementations (2014)

107-347. NIST is responsible
Prophylaxis of Acute Radiation Dermatitis with an Innovative FDA-Approved Two-Step Skin Care System in a Patient with Head and Neck Cancer Undergoing a Platin-Based Radiochemotherapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature (2013)

Radiodermatitis is a very common side effect in cancer treatment often leading to therapy delays and diminution of the patients' health state and quality of life. Despite a wide range of supportive strategies, radiodermatitis is still a major problem necessitating further improvements in prevention and treatment. Lactokine is a milk-based protein shown to assist in the reduction of skin redness. The treatment is a unique FDA-approved skin care system (R1 and R2). In this case presentation we describe the prophylactic use of R1 and R2 in a 63-year-old, female patient with a squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx undergoing a platin-based chemoradiation. The application was feasible and safe and the patient developed only a slight radiodermatitis. To our knowledge this is the first report in the literature on the prophylactic use of R1 and R2. Further evidence will be provided by a prospective, clinical trial we have launched (CREAM-1; study registration in ISRCTN Registry: ISRCTN87302591). We also review the literature to give an overview about common strategies in the management of radiodermatitis.
The large conductance Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐activated potassium channel (pSlo) of the cockroach <i>Periplaneta americana</i>: structure, localization in neurons and electrophysiology (2003)

Voltage-activated, Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels (BK or maxi K,Ca channels) play a major role in the control of neuronal excitability. We have cloned pSlo, the BK channel alpha subunit of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. The amino acid sequence of pSlo shows 88% identity to dSlo from Drosophila. There are five alternatively spliced positions in pSlo showing differential expression in various tissues. A pSlo-specific antibody prominently stained the octopaminergic dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurons and peptidergic midline neurons in Periplaneta abdominal ganglia. HEK293 cells expressing pSlo exhibit K+ channels of 170 pS conductance. They have a tendency for brief closures, exhibit subconductance states and show slight inward rectification. Activation kinetics and voltage dependence are controlled by cytoplasmic [Ca2+]. In contrast to dSlo, pSlo channels are sensitive to charybdotoxin and iberiotoxin. Mutagenesis at two positions (E254 and Q285) changed blocking efficacy of charybdotoxin. In contrast to pSlo expressed in HEK293 cells, native IbTx-sensitive K,Ca currents in DUM and in peptidergic neurons, exhibited rapid, partial inactivation. The fast component of the K,Ca current partly accounts for the repolarization and the early after-hyperpolarization of the action potential. By means of Ca2+-induced repolarization, BK channels may reduce the risk of Ca2+ overload in cockroach neurons. Interestingly, the neurons expressing pSlo were also found to express taurine, a messenger that is likely to limit overexcitation by an autocrine mechanism in mammalian central neurons.
New method of deposition of biomolecules for bioelectronic purposes (1994)

A laser induced plasma vaporization and ionization technique is proposed for electric field assisted deposition of proteins. Experiments were carried out depositing thick layers of lysozyme on metal, creating submillimeter patterns. The enzymatic activity of horseradish peroxidase deposited by this method was tested, together with that of the enzyme laccase from a micro-organism. The applicability of this method to the construction of nanometric patterns for bioelectronic purposes is discussed.
Hybrid mode locking of a flash-lamp-pumped Ti:Al_2O_3 laser (1994)

We demonstrate an all-solid-state hybrid mode-locking technique for flash-lamp-pumped solid-state lasers. The combination of active acousto-optic modulation and fast saturable-absorber action from a low-temperature multiple quantum well allows strong pulse shaping to be achieved during the rapid pulse energy buildup from the flash-lamp pumping. Pulse durations as short as 4.5 ps have been generated. The high-energy storage available from Ti:Al2O3 allows this new mode-locking technique to produce pulses with peak powers of >4 MW at a 10-Hz repetition rate directly from a single laser.
Rate Control via Adjustment of Lagrange Multiplier for Video Coding (2015)

In this paper, we propose to improve the performance of the rate-control mechanism in video encoders by adaptively adjusting the Lagrange multiplier λ based on the stochastic subgradient method. Using this λ value for each coding unit, the quantization parameter (QP) is sought in the process of rate-distortion optimization (RDO). A log-linear model can be utilized to predict the most probable QP and accordingly narrow the search range. The generated bit number is used to update the λ value for the next coding unit. The extensive experimental results show that the proposed rate-control mechanism significantly enhances the rate-distortion performance compared with the H.264/AVC (Advanced Video Coding) reference software.
Cellular retention, cytotoxicity and morphological transformation by vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) in BALB/3T3 cell lines (1991)

Cytotoxicity, morphological transformation and cellular retention have been studied in BALB/3T3 Cl A 31-1-1 cells for ammonium or sodium vanadate [vanadium(V)] and for vanadyl sulphate [vanadium(IV)]. A morphological transformation focus assay showed transforming activity for vanadium(V) (P less than 0.005 at concentrations of 3 x 10(-6) or higher) while vanadium(IV) was not transforming in the cells. Cytotoxicity was higher for vanadium(V) than for vanadium(IV); this was particularly clear at doses from 5 x 10(-6) to 5 x 10(-5) M. The cellular retention of both vanadate and vanadyl compounds at 24, 48 and 72 h incubation was similar. At concentrations lower than 10(-6) M vanadate, the retention was linear with the dose, while at higher exposures the vanadium taken up by the cells levelled off or slightly decreased. Exposure to 10(-6) M and 10(-5) M vanadium(V) for 3 and 24 h as well as to 10(-6) M for 48 and 72 h yielded greater than 94% vanadium in the cytosol, but exposure to a toxic dose (10(-5) M) for 48 and 72 h yielded 20% vanadium associated with cellular organelles, which suggests that some sites in the cytosol become saturated with vanadium. The corresponding gel-filtration experiments indicate that a redistribution of the element among the cytosol components occurs with time.
Initial testing of VNP40101M (Cloretazine®) by the pediatric preclinical testing program (2008)

VNP40101M is a novel alkylating agent that yields two reactive compounds (a chloroethylating species and methylisocyanate) and has demonstrated activity against a wide spectrum of tumor xenografts. VNP40101M was tested against an in vivo panel of five pediatric brain tumor xenografts at a dose of 18 mg/kg/day administered for 5 days. O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) levels of xenografts were assessed by Western blot analysis. Only one xenograft (GBM2), which lacked detectable MGMT expression, demonstrated an objective response to VNP40101M. VNP4010M antitumor activity was observed only in the absence of MGMT expression, with resistance to VNP4010M seen even with low MGMT expression.
Transition-metal catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling reactions to form C–C bonds involving organometallic reagents as nucleophiles (2011)

Transition-metal-catalyzed coupling reactions have become a versatile tool for chemical bond formation. From the variation of the coupling partners, coupling reactions can be classified into three models: traditional coupling, reductive coupling and oxidative coupling. The oxidative coupling, which is different from the traditional coupling, occurs between two nucleophiles. This critical review focuses on transition-metal-catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions involving organometallic reagents as nucleophiles. Since the scope of the oxidative coupling is highly diversified, this paper only reviews the oxidative coupling reactions concerning C-C bond formation, including the coupling between organometal reagents and hydrocarbons as well as coupling between two organometal reagents. Since terminal alkynes are normally activated by metal salts and in situ form the alkynyl metal reagents in coupling reactions, they are directly considered as organometal reagents in this review. Intramolecular oxidative couplings and oxidative cyclizations are not included in this critical review. Moreover, there are many examples of oxidative coupling leading to the formation of functional materials, such as the oxidative polymerization of thiophenes. Since several reviews in these areas have been published they are not included in this review either (99 references).
Invariant-Based Automatic Testing of Modern Web Applications (2011)

Ajax-based Web 2.0 applications rely on stateful asynchronous client/server communication, and client-side runtime manipulation of the DOM tree. This not only makes them fundamentally different from traditional web applications, but also more error-prone and harder to test. We propose a method for testing Ajax applications automatically, based on a crawler to infer a state-flow graph for all (client-side) user interface states. We identify Ajax-specific faults that can occur in such states (related to, e.g., DOM validity, error messages, discoverability, back-button compatibility) as well as DOM-tree invariants that can serve as oracles to detect such faults. Our approach, called Atusa, is implemented in a tool offering generic invariant checking components, a plugin-mechanism to add application-specific state validators, and generation of a test suite covering the paths obtained during crawling. We describe three case studies, consisting of six subjects, evaluating the type of invariants that can be obtained for Ajax applications as well as the fault revealing capabilities, scalability, required manual effort, and level of automation of our testing approach.
Competition for self-peptide-MHC complexes and cytokines between naïve and memory CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells expressing the same or different T cell receptors (2004)

To study competition between naïve and memory T cells, we examined proliferation of adoptively transferred naïve CD8(+) T cells in lymphopenic recipients or recipients containing a clonal population of CD8(+) T cells. We find a hierarchy in the extent of T cell proliferation that appears to correlate with the strength of T cell receptor (TCR)-self-peptide-MHC (pepMHC) interactions. CD8(+) T cells also proliferate in recipients containing a full complement of CD8(+) cells with a different TCR if the transferred T cells experience stronger TCR-self-pepMHC interactions than the resident T cells. Furthermore, CD8(+) T cells proliferate in recipients that contain memory CD8(+) cells with a different TCR, but in this case the relative strengths of TCR-self-pepMHC interactions are not as critical. In contrast, CD8(+) T cells do not proliferate significantly in recipients harboring naïve or memory CD8(+) cells that bear the same TCR as the transferred cells. These results suggest that, among naïve T cells and between naïve and memory T cells, CD8(+) cells having the same TCR compete for both self-pepMHC and cytokines, whereas TCR-different CD8(+) cells compete for cytokines. These competitive relationships probably help maintain the size and TCR diversity of naïve and memory T cell populations required for optimal immune responses.
Experience in Scale Control With East Mesa Geothermal Brine (1977)

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc. Abstract The East Mesa Geothermal Test Site, near Holtville, California, established by the Bureau of Reclamation, has been involved with studies of resource development and geothermal desalination since 1972. At present, there are five geothermal wells on the East Mesa Anomaly, operated by the government, as well as five others, developed by private interests. The major program at the site has been investigation of the feasibility of producing pure water from geothermal brines, using producing pure water from geothermal brines, using desalination techniques. Pilot plants installed and operated included two distillation units and a high temperature electro-dialysis unit. Throughout the last 4 years of investigation, a variety of scaling problems have been encountered. Plugging and fouling of downhole well piping, surface piping, and process units primarily with calcium process units primarily with calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, and silica have been noted. This paper discusses the conditions under which these observations have been made, including brine chemistry, brine temperature, well flow, and other process conditions. Success has been noted in the use of several scale inhibitor additives, especially in the control of calcium carbonate and barium sulfate scale. The scale inhibition techniques described in this paper should have applicability in operation of geothermal systems for both power and water production, as well as in the reinjection of waste brine. Introduction Since 1972, the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation has been operating a geothermal test facility on the East Mesa, near Holtville, California. The purpose of activities there has been to determine the feasibility of providing a source of augmentation flow for providing a source of augmentation flow for the Lower Colorado River by the desalination of geothermal brines. A unique aspect of this program is the fact that the geothermal brine provides both the source of water and heat to operate the process.
Embryo implantation and GnRH antagonists (2001)

The gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists, cetrorelix and ganirelix, have both been approved for ovarian stimulation to prevent a premature LH surge. Since GnRH receptors and their gene expression have been detected in human ovary, concern has risen over whether GnRH antagonists might affect ovarian function. Three large trials which compared GnRH agonists (used in the standard protocol worldwide), with the new antagonist treatment found no significant differences concerning the most important goals, e.g. pregnancy rate, fertilization and quality of oocytes. However, the concentration of oestradiol, and the pregnancy and implantation rates were lower in GnRH antagonist-treated patients. These findings again fuelled the debate about the possible extrapituitary effects of GnRH antagonists. Here, we review the conflicting data in the literature on the ovarian effects of GnRH antagonists and discuss our own results. In our view, it is unlikely that GnRH antagonists have a relevant impact on ovarian steroidogenesis and function; however, GnRH antagonists may exert other effects on the ovary.
A New Algorithm for Minimizing Pacemaker Polarization Artifact: Universally Applicable in Permanent Pacing Systems (1991)

Polarization artifacts that result from pacing may interfere with analysis of paced evoked responses during, e.g., automatic threshold tracking. We have developed a method for reduction of such artifacts that relies on the introduction of pacing stimuli during the refractory period of unipolar or bipolar paced captured beats after previous identification of a refractory period "template" or baseline. The refractory pacing stimuli cannot capture the heart, and thus any deviation from the template is due to polarization artifact alone. The artifact amplitude is measured and the precharge duration of the triphasic stimulus waveform is changed each time until artifact is minimized, as detected by repeated reversals in the polarity of the polarization artifact. In a series of 11 patients with unipolar and bipolar permanent pacing leads, mean initial artifact before balancing was 1.44 +/- 0.84 mV, which was reduced to 0.44 +/- 0.30 mV after balancing (P = 0.001). Initial precharge duration was 3.2 msec by design; mean final precharge duration was 3.30 +/- 0.34 msec. This algorithm is universally applicable in permanent pacing systems, as it is valid in unipolar and bipolar pacing and it does not require an intrinsic cardiac rhythm.