gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Query-by-Singing System for Retrieving Karaoke Music (2008)

This paper investigates the problem of retrieving karaoke music using query-by-singing techniques. Unlike regular CD music, where the stereo sound involves two audio channels that usually sound the same, karaoke music encompasses two distinct channels in each track: one is a mixture of the lead vocals and background accompaniment, and the other consists of accompaniment only. Although the two audio channels are distinct, the accompaniments in the two channels often resemble each other. We exploit this characteristic to: i) infer the background accompaniment for the lead vocals from the accompaniment-only channel, so that the main melody underlying the lead vocals can be extracted more effectively, and ii) detect phrase onsets based on the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) to predict the onset points of a song where a user's sung query may begin, so that the similarity between the melodies of the query and the song can be examined more efficiently. To further refine extraction of the main melody, we propose correcting potential errors in the estimated sung notes by exploiting a composition characteristic of popular songs whereby the sung notes within a verse or chorus section usually vary no more than two octaves. In addition, to facilitate an efficient and accurate search of a large music database, we employ multiple-pass dynamic time warping (DTW) combined with multiple-level data abstraction (MLDA) to compare the similarities of melodies. The results of experiments conducted on a karaoke database comprised of 1071 popular songs demonstrate the feasibility of query-by-singing retrieval for karaoke music.
Fractal modeling and segmentation for the enhancement of microcalcifications in digital mammograms (1997)

The objective of this research is to model the mammographic parenchymal, ductal patterns and enhance the microcalcifications using deterministic fractal approach. According to the theory of deterministic fractal geometry, images can be modeled by deterministic fractal objects which are attractors of sets of two-dimensional (2-D) affine transformations. The iterated functions systems and the collage theorem are the mathematical foundations of fractal image modeling. In this paper, a methodology based on fractal image modeling is developed to analyze and model breast background structures. We show that general mammographic parenchymal and ductal patterns can be well modeled by a set of parameters of affine transformations. Therefore, microcalcifications can be enhanced by taking the difference between the original image and the modeled image. Our results are compared with those of the partial wavelet reconstruction and morphological operation approaches. The results demonstrate that the fractal modeling method is an effective way to enhance microcalcifications. It may also be able to improve the detection and classification of microcalcifications in a computer-aided diagnosis system.
Dual-Polarization Printed Holographic Multibeam Metasurface Antenna (2017)

Multibeam antennas have emerged as a promising concept for applications where selective beam coverage is required. Multibeam radiation can be achieved leveraging the concept of metasurfaces, enabling the radiated wavefronts to be tailored in an all-electronic manner, making reconfigurable multibeam operation possible without the need for bulky feeding structures or complex phase shifting circuits. Here we demonstrate a simple, planar, printed-circuit-board-based parallel-plate waveguide (PPW) holographic metasurface antenna capable of producing dual-polarized multibeam radiation patterns. The metasurface is synthesized using an array of subwavelength slot-shaped unit cells (or irises) coupling to a guided-mode reference wave launched into the PPW using a single coaxial feed. As a design example, we demonstrate numerically and experimentally a metasurface antenna creating polarization-dependent multibeam radiation patterns with three main lobes in azimuth and elevation planes.
Type VIII Collagen Modulates TGF-β1-induced Proliferation of Mesangial Cells (2011)

Mesangial cells in diabetic mice and human kidneys with diabetic nephropathy exhibit increased type VIII collagen, a nonfibrillar protein that exists as a heterodimer composed of α1(VIII) and α2(VIII), encoded by Col8a1 and Col8a2, respectively. Because TGF-β1 promotes the development of diabetic glomerulosclerosis, we studied whether type VIII collagen modulates the effects of TGF-β1 in mesangial cells. We obtained primary cultures of mesangial cells from wild-type, doubly heterozygous (Col8a1(+/-)/Col8a2(+/-)), and double-knockout (Col8a1(-/-)/Col8a2(-/-)) mice. TGF-β1 bound normally to double-knockout mesangial cells. In wild-type mesangial cells, TGF-β1 inhibited proliferation, but in double-knockout cells, it stimulated proliferation, promoted cell cycle progression, and reduced apoptosis; we could reverse this effect by reconstituting α1(VIII). Furthermore, in wild-type cells, TGF-β1 mainly stimulated the Smad pathways, whereas in double-knockout cells, it activated the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways and induced expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). Inhibiting FGF21 expression by either interfering with activation of the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways or by FGF21 siRNA attenuated the TGF-β1-induced proliferation of double-knockout mesangial cells. In vivo, diabetic double-knockout mice had significantly higher expression of renal FGF21 mRNA and protein compared with diabetic wild-type mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong expression of FGF21 in both glomerular (mesangial) and tubular cells of diabetic mice. Taken together, these data suggest that type VIII collagen significantly modulates the effect of TGF-β1 on mesangial cells and may therefore play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
Über Perfluoralkansulfonsäurearylester (1973)

Abstract Perfluoralkansulfonsäure‐arylester 3 bilden sich durch Umsetzung von Perfluoralkansulfonylfluoriden 1 mit Aroxysilanen 2 in Gegenwart von Fluorid‐Ionen. Neben mono‐ und polysilylsubstituierten aromatischen Hydroxyverbindungen können auch silylierte heterocyclische Hydroxyverbindungen eingesetzt werden. Der Reaktionsmechanismus wird diskutiert. Die Aroxysilane 2 erhält man durch Silylierung von Phenolen mit Hexamethyldisilazan ( 5 ). Mit Si‐N‐Verbindungen bilden Perfluoralkansulfonylfluoride 1 die substituierten Perfluoralkansulfonamide 6 und 8 .
Anode thermal analysis of high power microfocus CNT x-ray tubes for in vivo small animal imaging (2012)

Carbon nanotube (CNT) micro-focus x-ray tubes have been demonstrated as a novel technology for in-vivo small animal imaging. It enables simultaneous respiratory and cardiac gated prospective CT imaging of free breathing animals with high temporal resolution. Operating the micro-focus CNT x-ray source at high power is required to achieve high temporal resolution. The thermal loading of the anode focal spot is a limiting factor in determining the maximum power of an x-ray tube. In this paper, we developed a reliable simulation model to quantitatively analyze the anode heat load of the CNT x-ray source operating in both DC and pulse modes. The anode temperature distribution is simulated using finite element analysis. The model is validated by comparing simulation results for the micro-focus x- ray tube with reported experimental results. We investigated the relationship between the maximum power and the effective focal spot size for CNT micro-CT system running in both DC and pulse modes. Our results show that when operating in pulse mode, the maximum power of the CNT x-ray source can be significantly higher than when operating in DC mode. In DC mode, we found that the maximum power scales non-linearly with the effective focal spot size as P(in W) = (0.25/ sin θ+1.6)f<sup>0.73</sup> <sub>s</sub> (in μm), where 1/sin θ is the projection factor for a given anode angle θ. However, in pulse mode the maximum power linearly increases with the effective focal spot size asP(in W) = (0.20/ sin θ+0.35)f<sub>s</sub>(in μm), and is significantly higher than that in the DC mode. This implies that it is feasible to improve the micro-CT temporal resolution further without sacrificing the image quality. The simulation method developed here also enables us to analyze the thermal loading of the other CNT x-ray sources for other applications, such as the stationary digital breast tomosynthesis scanner and the CNT microbeam radiation therapy system.
Performance Evaluation of Rare Earth Enterprise Based on DEA (2015)

Based on CCR model of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), this paper makes an evaluation on the operating performance of 14 Rare Earth listed companies in 2011. The evaluation includes comprehensive efficiency evaluation, scale efficiency evaluation and projection measure evaluation. Results show that the overall performance of China's Rare Earth listed companies is not ideal. The average performance value is only 0.8157, which is mainly due to the scale inefficiency. According to the ineffective decision making unit for DEA, this paper gives out the adjusted target value of input indexes and output indexes.
Requirements for successful total knee replacement. Material considerations. (1989)

Despite the overall clinical success of TKR arthroplasty, materials' limitations are becoming increasingly obvious as designs and surgical techniques improve. As in the case of THR components, the ultimate limiting factor now appears to be wear of the tibiofemoral articulation and its biologic consequences. Although some materials appear to hold out promise of improvement, no combination better than cobalt-base alloy/UHMWPE has yet appeared. In addition, the very long service times now expected routinely (greater than 10 years) for total joint replacement increase the problem of new materials' selection owing to the well-known disparities between in vitro wear tests and in vivo performance and the absence of any consensus on correlation between accelerated testing and real-time performance, either in vitro or in vivo. For these reasons, extreme caution is counseled in the early clinical trials of newer materials and combinations of materials. The clinical "rule of thumb" for publication of clinical results, 2-year minimum follow-up, is necessary but highly insufficient for materials' qualification. Good to excellent results, with no signs of progressive failure for 5 to 7 years of prospective study, combined with high-yield follow-up to 10 years, will probably be necessary for safe introduction of such materials into general clinical use. An excessively rapid introduction could predispose to clinical failure, through lack of knowledge of critical design and manufacturing parameters, and prove an impediment to improvement of TKR arthroplasty.
A spread-spectrum multiaccess system with cochannel interference cancellation for multipath fading channels (1993)

The authors propose and analyze a direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiaccess (DS/SSMA) receiver that employs a cascade of cochannel interference (CCl) cancellers for communication over multipath fading channels. The receiver first coherently demodulates and despreads the received signal to produce correlator outputs and initial data estimates. Based on these estimates, the cancellation scheme essentially creates replicas of the contributions of the CCl embedded in the correlator outputs and removes them for a second improved hard data decision. By repeating this operation over and over, a cascade of CCl cancellers is derived. Through theoretical analysis and simulation, the authors investigate the canceller's bit error rate (BER) performance in both the absence and presence of errors in the amplitude and phase estimates of each user's received signal. Numerical results show the considerably large improvement in performance that can be attained by the cancellation scheme, even under partially degraded estimates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Radiological x-ray response of polycrystalline mercuric-iodide detectors (2000)

A first image of some tiny screws were obtained for the first time with polycrystalline HgI<SUB>2</SUB> acting as the photoconductor material deposited on a-Si direct conversion X- ray image sensors, produced by Xerox -- Palo Alto Research Center. The initial results are very promising and show a high X-ray sensitivity and low leakage current. The response of these detectors to a radiological X-ray generator of 65 kVp has been studied using the current integration mode. Already its sensitivity expressed in (mu) C/R*cm<SUP>2</SUP>, is very high, values of 20 (mu) C/R*cm<SUP>2</SUP> have been measured for films of 100 - 250 microns thickness and bias of 50 - 200 volts respectively, which is superior to the published data for competing materials such as polycrystalline PbI<SUB>2</SUB> and a-Se detectors. The fabrication and characterization measurements of the Polycrystalline HgI<SUB>2</SUB> thick film detectors will be given. The characterization data which will be reported here consists of: (a) sensitivity, (b) dark currents, (c) stability of sensitivity dependence on the number of exposure, (d) X-ray response dependence on dose energy and (e) signal decay dependence on the number of exposures.
Defining the Interactions between DNA and the Exonuclease Domain of DNA Polymerases (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDefining the Interactions between DNA and the Exonuclease Domain of DNA PolymerasesKathryn A. Perrin, Jianxing Huang, Eric B. McElroy, Keith P. Iams, and Theodore S. WidlanskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 16, 7427–7428Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00095a064Request reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (741 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direct Evidence for 1 nm Pores in “Dry”Thermal SiO2 from High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (1980)

Thin films of thermally grown have been studied by high resolution bright‐field electron microscopy. Contrast phenomena observed in images from 9 nm thick "dry" films are consistent with the existence of 1 nm pores, typically 10 nm apart. Similar films grown in a wet oxidizing ambient do not display this contrast. A pore structure had previously been suggested to explain differences in growth behavior and electrical properties between "wet" and "dry" . The reliable detection of such pores or voids in electron micrographs from amorphous materials is not straightforward and a novel approach which has been successfully applied to these films is described. A simple model which explains the appearance of pores only in "dry" films is proposed and is related to the trapping behavior of thicker films.
Enabling full service surrogates using the portable channel representation (2001)

Article Share on Enabling full service surrogates using the portable channel representation Authors: Micah Beck Innovative Computing Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Innovative Computing Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TNView Profile , Terry Moore Innovative Computing Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Innovative Computing Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TNView Profile , Leif Abrahamsson Lokomo Systems AB, Svärdvägen 27, aSE-182 33 Danderyd, Sweden Lokomo Systems AB, Svärdvägen 27, aSE-182 33 Danderyd, SwedenView Profile , Christophe Achouiantz Lokomo Systems AB, Svärdvägen 27, aSE-182 33 Danderyd, Sweden Lokomo Systems AB, Svärdvägen 27, aSE-182 33 Danderyd, SwedenView Profile , Patrick Johansson Lokomo Systems AB, Svärdvägen 27, aSE-182 33 Danderyd, Sweden Lokomo Systems AB, Svärdvägen 27, aSE-182 33 Danderyd, SwedenView Profile Authors Info & Claims WWW '01: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide WebMay 2001Pages 376–385https://doi.org/10.1145/371920.372091Published:01 April 2001Publication History 5citation379DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations5Total Downloads379Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Study on the CIM based data integration platform (2011)

Information & Communication Technology is one of highest priority deployment for smart grid development. Although Common information model (CIM) provides a general solution for information share and exchange; some problems still occur in CIM application. To solve the problems, a solution based on Object-relational mapping (ORM) and JAVA Reflection mechanism is proposed and a data platform based on the solution is also introduced. The system architecture of data platform is comprehensively designed and considered to achieve high reusability and flexibility. The strategies for importing, verifying and merging CIM data, from different vendors with different versions, are introduced and discussed respectively. A field practice case for data platform is presented and test results demonstrate the feasibility of the solution.
Substrate integrated waveguide antenna applications (2015)

The research objective of this thesis is to provide a better solution for signal interference and reduce the size of waveguide antenna. The background investigations of different waveguide fabrication technologies and switch control methods are detailed in the introductory part of this thesis. Several novel substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antennas for different purpose are demonstrated in the body of the thesis. The designs are mainly divided into two kinds. The first focuses on the switch beam SIW antennas working at 2.4 GHz frequency band. Compared to the corresponding waveguide antennas of multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO), phased array and switch beam, the proposed SIW antennas have advantages in compact size, easy fabrication and high gain. By DC biasing the surface mounted PIN diodes, the waveguide slots radiate at diode-off state of reverse bias, and are shielded at diode-on state of forward bias. Based on different requirement, the SIW antennas can achieve two-direction, four-direction and six-direction transmission. The gain can be easily changed by extending the size of reflector walls. The second focuses on reducing the volume of SIW antennas, working at 5 GHz frequency band. A new folded SIW antenna is introduced. By folded the antenna front end part to second layer, the SIW antenna reduces the total length by the size of one-quarter guided wavelength. This folded antenna can radiate either monopole mode or dipole mode, based on the metal surface area. Another two new SIW antennas reduce the total length by directly cutting the front-end part at the slot center. By utilized the intrinsic coupling radiation, the SIW antennas use two half-length slots at different broad-wall plane to achieve 360 degree propagation and wide-band end-fire radiation.
The Production of Boron Carbide by Carbothermic Reduction (1996)

Carbothermic reduction of boric acid has scientific and economic advantages over other methods of boron carbide production. The strongly endothermic reaction which has a favourable free energy change only at high temperatures is best carried out in a specially designed graphite resistance furnace at temperatures above 2000C, using boric acid and petroleum coke as starting materials. The composition of the charge has a strong influence on the quality of boron carbide obtained and also on the yield. The use of boron anhydride in place of boric acid decreases the yield. The yield is also affected by the heating conditions prevailing in the furnace. The yield of boron carbide can be substantially improved and thus the specific energy consumption in boron carbide production can be significantly decreased by adding an optimum quantity of salt to the boric acid-petroleum coke mixture. The various factors that influence the quality and yield of boron carbide product and hence the economy of boron carbide production by the carbothermic reduction route have been discussed in this paper.
Suppression of UV-lnduced Erythema by Topical Treatment with Melatonin (N-Acetyl-5-Methoxytryptamine) (1997)

Topically applied melatonin has a clear-cut protective effect against UV-induced erythema. Free radical scavenging of UV-generated hydroxyl radicals and interference with the arachidonic acid metabolism are possible mechanisms of the melatonin action.
Destruction of Superconductivity by Laser Light (1971)

Superconductivity is destroyed by laser light in Pb films of thickness comparable to the optical penetration depth $\ensuremath{\delta}$ and less than the superconducting coherence length $\ensuremath{\xi}$. Thermal effects, which have been independently determined, cannot account for this. For films of thickness greater than $\ensuremath{\delta}$ and $\ensuremath{\xi}$, only the thermal effect is observed. In a proposed explanation it is shown that the electron gas may be heated from 3 to 18 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K above the lattice temperature by the light absorption in these experiments.
Oscillational instabilities in single mode acoustics levitators (1990)

An extention of standard results for the acoustic force on an object in a single-mode resonant chamber yields predictions for the onset of oscillational instabilities when objects are levitated or positioned in these chambers. The authors' results are consistent with those of experimental investigators. The present approach accounts for the effects of time delays in the response of a cavity to the motion of an object inside of it. Quantitative features of the instabilities are investigated. The experimental conditions required for sample stability, saturation of sample oscillations, hysteretic effects, and the loss of ability to levitate are discussed.
124. The preparation and properties of thionaphthindoles (1947)

C. E. Dalgliesh and F. G. Mann, J. Chem. Soc., 1947, 653 DOI: 10.1039/JR9470000653