gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Open vs closed-system endotracheal suctioning: a cost comparison (1994)

Articles| February 01 1994 Open vs closed-system endotracheal suctioning: a cost comparison CL DePew; CL DePew Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MJ Moseley; MJ Moseley Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar EG Clark; EG Clark Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CC Morales CC Morales Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Crit Care Nurse (1994) 14 (1): 94–100. https://doi.org/10.4037/ccn1994.14.1.94 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation CL DePew, MJ Moseley, EG Clark, CC Morales; Open vs closed-system endotracheal suctioning: a cost comparison. Crit Care Nurse 1 February 1994; 14 (1): 94–100. doi: https://doi.org/10.4037/ccn1994.14.1.94 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCritical Care Nurse Search Advanced Search You do not currently have access to this content.
A Digital Frequency Relay For Over/under Frequency Detection (2005)

Under frequency relays are used to shed automatically certain portion of load whenever the system frequently falls to such a low level as to threaten the stability of the power system. In this paper a very simple digital frequency relay is proposed for this purpose. The main component of this relay is a simple digital frequency measurement circuit which gives better accuracy than present day available frequency delays. This relay can also be used for over frequency detection.
Network Formation and Degradation in Urethane and Melamine—Formaldehyde Cross-Linked Coatings (1988)

Isocyanate and melamine-formaldehyde resins are commonly used as crosslinkers in automotive coatings. Coatings based on these different crosslinkers have substantially different cure kinetics, network structure, and durability. Formation and degradation of crosslink structure in urethane and melamine crosslinked coatings are compared in this paper. Key differences in cure chemistry and kinetics which result differences in coating performance are identified. The chemistries of network structure degradation on exposure to UV light and water are discussed in terms of their effect on ultimate durability.
Bulk polymerization of α‐chloroacrylonitrile (1966)

Abstract Poly‐α‐chloroacrylonitrile, which may be regarded as a hybrid of poly(vinyl chloride) and polyacrylonitrile, is, like these polymers, insoluble in its own monomer. Its bulk polymerization is thus heterogeneous, showing abnormal kinetic features by comparison with homogeneous polymerizations. The polymerization exhibits autocatalytic properties. The initiator exponents at 0 and 5% polymerization are 0.45 and 0.44, respectively, and the overall energy of activation is 23.0 ± 2 Kcal./mole. There is no significant change in molecular weight with catalyst concentration in the range 0.057–0.90% nor with conversion up to 12%, but the reaction is accelerated by addition of polymer. Bulk polymerization results in colored products, the color deepening with conversion. These results have been compared with those of Bamford and Jenkins for acrylonitrile and Bengough and Norrish for vinyl chloride and are found to be in closer accord with the latter. They can be accounted for satisfactorily by Bengough and Norrish's suggestion that transfer occurs between growing polymer radicals and dead polymer molecules, the radicals thus formed on the surface of the polymer being removed by transfer to monomer.
Correlation Theory of Wavefields Generated by Fluctuating, Three-dimensional, Primary, Scalar Sources (1981)

An analysis is presented of the second-order correlations in scalar wavefields generated by any finite, three-dimensional, statistically stationary, primary scalar source. General expressions are derived for the radiant intensity and for the degree of spatial coherence of the far field produced by such a source. The extreme cases of radiation from a completely correlated and from a completely uncorrelated source are discussed in detail and are illustrated with reference to sources that are spherical and uniform. The limiting forms of the solutions, when the radius of the spherical source is either small or large compared with the wavelength, are also considered.
Polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (1992)

Two pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify fragments of the genes for Shiga-like toxin I (SLT-I) and SLT-II in a single reaction. A 370-bp segment and a 283-bp segment were amplified for SLT-I and SLT-II, respectively. The specificities of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification products were confirmed by using radioactively labeled oligonucleotide probes. SLT sequences were amplified from DNA isolated from 13 previously characterized enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains. No amplification product was produced by using DNA from 20 non-EHEC strains. As little as one bacterial genome was detectable. PCR was then applied to DNA isolated directly from stool samples. We had to remove inhibitors of PCR that were present in lysates prepared from stool samples before amplification was achieved. First, we evaluated the sensitivity of PCR for the detection of known numbers of EHEC added to normal stools. Second, three children with SLT in their stools were shown to have SLT sequences in their stools by PCR. Two of these children had hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and a third child was asymptomatic. Stool specimens collected from another 26 asymptomatic children were negative by PCR for SLT sequences. PCR can be used to diagnose EHEC infections without prior culture of stool specimens.
Laser-Induced “Regeneration” of Colloidal Particles: The Effects of Thermal Inertia on the Chemical Reactivity of Laser-Heated Particles (1999)

A size reduction of the suspended particles is observed upon irradiation of colloidal metal solutions by a high-power, pulsed laser, resulting in dramatic changes in their optical properties. The mechanism of change involves rapid production of ions as a consequence of laser heating, followed by diffusion and chemical reduction on a long time scale to form new colloidal particles. The process, by which large particles are differentially consumed relative to small ones, depends on the "thermal inertia" of the particles, which governs the temperature of the particles and hence their reactivity.
IART: Intent-aware Response Ranking with Transformers in Information-seeking Conversation Systems (2020)

Personal assistant systems, such as Apple Siri, Google Assistant, Amazon Alexa, and Microsoft Cortana, are becoming ever more widely used. Understanding user intent such as clarification questions, potential answers and user feedback in information-seeking conversations is critical for retrieving good responses. In this paper, we analyze user intent patterns in information-seeking conversations and propose an intent-aware neural response ranking model "IART", which refers to "Intent-Aware Ranking with Transformers". IART is built on top of the integration of user intent modeling and language representation learning with the Transformer architecture, which relies entirely on a self-attention mechanism instead of recurrent nets. It incorporates intent-aware utterance attention to derive an importance weighting scheme of utterances in conversation context with the aim of better conversation history understanding. We conduct extensive experiments with three information-seeking conversation data sets including both standard benchmarks and commercial data. Our proposed model outperforms all baseline methods with respect to a variety of metrics. We also perform case studies and analysis of learned user intent and its impact on response ranking in information-seeking conversations to provide interpretation of results.
A Review of its Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Properties and Therapeutic Efficacy in the Management of Schizophrenia (1996)

Various sections of the manuscript reviewed by: w. T. Carpenter Tr, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Y. Lecrubier, Psychopathologie et Pharmacologie des Comportements, Institute National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, H6pital La Salpetriere, Paris, France; T.-L. Martinot, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Institute National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Orsay, France; H.-J. Moller, Psychiatrische Klinik und Poliklinik mit Konsiliardienst Grosshadem, Friedrich-Willhelms-Universitat, Bonn, Germany; L.A. Opler, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA; P. Protais, U.ER. de Medecine et de Pharmacie, Universite de Rouen-Haute Normandie, Saint Etienne Rouvray, France; P. Sokoloff, Unite de Neurobiologie et Pharmacologie, Centre Paul Broca, Institute National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Paris, France.
Bus energy minimization by transition pattern coding (TPC) in deep sub-micron technologies (2000)

The energy dissipation associated with driving long wires accounts for a significant fraction of the overall system energy. This is particularly the case with the increasing importance of the inter-wire parasitic capacitance in deep sub-micron technology. A closed form solution for estimating the energy dissipation of a data bus is presented that uses an elaborate parasitic wire model. This includes the distributed RLC effects of wires as well as the coupling between wires. We also propose a general class of coding techniques to reduce energy dissipation for data transmission by trading-off between computation and communication costs. An algorithm is presented to design efficient coding strategies to minimize energy. When the effects of inter-wire capacitance are taken into account, the best coding strategy is not to simply minimize transitions - an approach followed by previous research. Instead, Transition Pattern Coding (TPC) modifies the transition profile to minimize energy, and in many cases higher transition activity can result in lower energy. Results show that up to a factor of 2 reduction in energy.
Role of extracellular nucleotide phosphohydrolysis in intestinal ischemia‐reperfusion injury (2008)

Extracellular adenosine has been implicated as an innate antiinflammatory metabolite, particularly during conditions of limited oxygen availability such as ischemia. Because extracellular adenosine generation is primarily produced via phosphohydrolysis from its precursor molecule adenosine-monophosphate (AMP) through the enzyme ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73), we examined the contribution of CD73-dependent adenosine production in modulation of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Following transcriptional and translational profiling of intestinal tissue that revealed a prominent induction of murine CD73, we next determined the role of CD73 in protection against intestinal IR injury. Interestingly, pharmacological inhibition or targeted gene deletion of CD73 significantly enhanced not only local intestinal injury, but also secondary organ injury, following IR as measured by intestinal and lung myeloperoxidase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, interleukin (IL) -1, IL-6, and histological injury. To confirm the role of CD73 in intestinal adenosine production, we measured adenosine tissue levels and found that they were increased with IR injury. In contrast, CD73-deficient (cd73(-/-)) mice had lower adenosine levels at baseline and no increase with IR injury. Finally, reconstitution of cd73(-/-) mice or treatment of wild-type mice with soluble 5'-nucleotidase was associated with significantly lower levels of injury. These data reveal a previously unrecognized role of CD73 in attenuating intestinal IR-mediated injury.
Transitional environments enhance distance perception in immersive virtual reality systems (2009)

Several experiments have provided evidence that ego-centric distances are perceived as compressed in immersive virtual environments relative to the real world. The principal factors responsible for this phenomenon have remained largely unknown. However, recent experiments suggest that when the virtual environment (VE) is an exact replica of a user's real physical surroundings, the person's distance perception improves. Furthermore, it has been shown that when users start their virtual reality (VR) experience in such a virtual replica and then gradually transition to a different VE, their sense of presence in the actual virtual world increases significantly. In this case the virtual replica serves as a transitional environment between the real and virtual world.
Energy Absorption from Small Radiating Coaxial Probes in Lossy Media (1981)

This paper describes the calculation of energy deposition around small open-ended coaxial antenna probes in lossy media. Two theoretical methods, a small monopole approximation (I) and an equivalent magnetic current source (II), are evaluated and compared. Method I is shown to be inappropriate for determining near field energy deposition. Power contour plots determined by method II in the vicinity of the open-ended coaxial antenna are presented as well as calculations of total power absorbed as a function of distance from the antenna center for various antenna dimensions and media dielectric properties. Our calculations of absorbed power distributions near the antenna are consistent with the limited experimental data which is available for comparison. A frequency of 2.45 GHz was selected for these calculations so that the results will be of value to workers interested in the application of own-ended coaxial antennas for invasive treatment of cancer by microwave hyperthermia.
Layout-driven RTL binding techniques for high-level synthesis using accurate estimators (1997)

The importance of effective and efficient accounting of layout effects is well established in High-Level Synthesis (HLS), since it allows more realistic exploration of the design space and the generation of solutions with predictable metrics. This feature is highly desirable in order to avoid unnecessary iterations through the design process. In this article, we address the problem of layout-driven register-transfer-level (RTL) binding as this step has a direct relevance to the final performance of the design. By producing not only an RTL design but also an approximate physical topology of the chip-level implementation, we ensure that the solution will perform at the predicted metric once implemented, thus avoiding unnecessary delays in the design process.
Rolling Maneuver Load Alleviation using active controls (1992)

Rolling Maneuver Load Alleviation (RMLA) has been demonstrated on the Active Flexible Wing (AFW) wind tunnel model in the NASA Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel. The design objective was to develop a systematic approach for developing active control laws to alleviate wing incremental loads during roll maneuvers. Using linear load models for the AFW wind-tunnel model which were based on experimental measurements, two RMLA control laws were developed based on a single-degree-of-freedom roll model. The RMLA control laws utilized actuation of outboard control surface pairs to counteract incremental loads generated during rolling maneuvers and actuation of the trailing edge inboard control surface pairs to maintain roll performance. To evaluate the RMLA control laws, roll maneuvers were performed in the wind tunnel at dynamic pressures of 150, 200, and 250 psf and Mach numbers of 0.33, .38 and .44, respectively. Loads obtained during these maneuvers were compared to baseline maneuver loads. For both RMLA controllers, the incremental torsion moments were reduced by up to 60 percent at all dynamic pressures and performance times. Results for bending moment load reductions during roll maneuvers varied. In addition, in a multiple function test, RMLA and flutter suppression system control laws were operated simultaneously during roll maneuvers at dynamic pressures 11 percent above the open-loop flutter dynamic pressure.
Compatibility Family Learning for Item Recommendation and Generation (2018)

Compatibility between items, such as clothes and shoes, is a major factor among customer's purchasing decisions. However, learning "compatibility" is challenging due to (1) broader notions of compatibility than those of similarity, (2) the asymmetric nature of compatibility, and (3) only a small set of compatible and incompatible items are observed. We propose an end-to-end trainable system to embed each item into a latent vector and project a query item into K compatible prototypes in the same space. These prototypes reflect the broad notions of compatibility. We refer to both the embedding and prototypes as "Compatibility Family." In our learned space, we introduce a novel Projected Compatibility Distance (PCD) function which is differentiable and ensures diversity by aiming for at least one prototype to be close to a compatible item, whereas none of the prototypes are close to an incompatible item. We evaluate our system on a toy dataset, two Amazon product datasets, and Polyvore outfit dataset. Our method consistently achieves state-of-the-art performance. Finally, we show that we can visualize the candidate compatible prototypes using a Metric-regularized Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (MrCGAN), where the input is a projected prototype and the output is a generated image of a compatible item. We ask human evaluators to judge the relative compatibility between our generated images and images generated by CGANs conditioned directly on query items. Our generated images are significantly preferred, with roughly twice the number of votes as others.
Fingerprint-like Analysis of "Nanoantibody" Selection by Phage Display Using Two Helper Phage Variants. (2010)

This paper discusses the selection of mini-antibody (nanoantibody, nanobody® or single domain antibody) sequences of desired specificity by phage display-based method using a generated library of antigen-binding domains of special heavy-chain only antibodies (single-stranded antibodies) of immunized camel. A comprehensive comparison of the efficiency of parallel selection procedures was performed by using the traditional (M13KO7) and modified (with N-terminal deletion in the surface gIII protein) helper phages. These two methods are partly complementary, and by using them in parallel one can significantly improve the selection efficiency. Parallel restriction analysis (fingerprinting) of PCR-amplified cloned sequences coding for mini-antibodies (HMR-analysis) is proposed for identifying individual clones, as a replacement to sequencing (to a certain extent). Using this method, unique data were collected on the selection of mini-antibody variants with the required specificity at various stages of a multi-stage selection procedure. It has been shown that different sequences coding for mini-antibodies are selected in different ways, and that, if this feature is not taken into account, some mini-antibody variants may be lost.
Symptomatic Plate Removal in Maxillofacial Trauma (2005)

This study reviewed the fate of titanium plates used to correct maxillofacial trauma in 76 patients to define risk factors for plate removal. Medical records of 76 consecutive patients at a single institution, over a 10-year period, were retrospectively reviewed. Variables included age, sex, trauma type, diagnosis, fracture type, fracture diagnosis, plate location, surgical approach, and reasons for plate removal. Fracture diagnosis was described as panfacial (42%), blowout (3%), midface (28%), zygoma (26%), mandible angle (6%), ramus (7%), and symphysis (9%). All plate removals according to fracture diagnosis were in the mandible angle (30%) and symphysis (20%). When plate location was reviewed, 68% of the plates were placed in the upper and midface and 32% were placed in the mandible. Specifically, plates were placed in the frontozygomatic suture (18%), zygomaticomaxillary suture (19%), infraorbital rim (14%) and mandible symphysis (15%), mandible angle (9%), piriform (6%), nasal (5%), mandible ramus (4%) and body (4%), zygoma (2%), and frontal (2%). Of 163 plates that were placed, 6 plates (3.7%) were removed. Three (12%) of the symphysis plates and 3 (20%) of the angle plates were removed. Among all variables, only fracture diagnosis (P = 0.01) and plate location (P = 0.01) were statistically significant in plate removal. Five plates were removed for abscess/infection; 1 plate was removed for osteomyelitis. Further review revealed that 4 out of 6 plates removed involved synchronous mandible fractures. Most infections after maxillofacial trauma occur in the mandible, and often these infections are the main reason for plate removal. More vigilance is needed in the treatment of mandible angle and symphyseal fractures, especially if there are synchronous fractures, to prevent infection, plate removal and subsequent malunion.
A reduced test suite for protocol conformance testing (1994)

Let M be a finite-state machine, and let S be an implementation of M. The protocol-testing problem is the problem of determining if S is a correct implementation of M. One known method for solving this problem, called the W-method, has the disadvantage that it generates a relatively large test set. In this paper, we describe three new versions of this method. We prove that these versions all have the same fault detection capability as the W-method. In addition, we show that in most cases all three generate a smaller number of tests than the W-method. Specifically, suppose Ml and Mz are finite-state machines having n and m states, respectively, where Ml is a specification (M), Mz is an implementation (S), and m > n. In addition, suppose they have input alphabet X, where 1X1= k; let a be the total number of strings in a characterization set for Ml, and let ~be the total number of strings in a transition couer set for Ml. The W-method will generate a test set consisting of afl(k M n + 1 -I)/(k -1) strings. In contrast, our first algorithm will generate a test set containing at most B( a + km-n ) strings. For our second algorithm, the number of strings will be ~kmaxt'-l>m-"j, and for the third, ~(kn -1 + km-"), When m >> ~, all three of our algorithms will produce fewer strings than the W-method. Finally, two of our algorithms make use of a heuristic for minimizing the number of strings in a characterization set. We show that the performance ratio for this heuristic has an upper bound of O(log n).
Proteolytic activity of blowfly larvae secretions in experimental burns. (1981)

Secretions of larvae of the blowfly Calliphora erythrocephala digested experimental rat skin burn eschar in vivo and in vitro when applied topically in a vanishing cream base. Debridement was characterized by de-epithelialization and digestion of dermal collagen to a subfollicular level over a 3-day period. Analytic investigation of the secretions demonstrated the presence of enzymes with activities characteristic of trypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, and carboxypeptidases A and B. These were partially characterized. There was no evidence of chymotrypsin, elastase, or collagenase. Preparation of a suitable therapeutic form could result in a preparation useful for enzymatic debridement.