gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retinopathy of Prematurity: Clinical Trials (2001)

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 

1. Explain the role of cryotherapy in threshold ROP eyes.

2. Describe the relationship between severity of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the neonatal period and later functional impairment.

3. Describe the role of vitamin E supplementation in ROP.

A number of randomized, controlled trials have accumulated evidence for the efficacy and safety of treatments for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The initial one documented that curtailing inspired oxygen would reduce the incidence of ROP and changed the conventional use of oxygen in the 1950s. More recent clinical trials have revealed additional useful information.

The CRYO-ROP Cooperative Study group, under the leadership E. Palmer, followed a prospective cohort of infants weighing less than 1,251 g at birth to detect what was defined for the study as threshold ROP. Important information has resulted from both the natural history study of ROP in 4,099 infants and the controlled trial of cryotherapy for threshold ROP.

The natural history cohort provided the basic incidence rates of ROP, prethreshold ROP, and threshold ROP and confirmed that the most important determinants of ROP in the 1980s were gestational age and birthweight (see Fig. 23 in History, Classification, and Pathophysiology article in this issue). The small but significant effects of transport, multiple births, small-for-gestational age, and gender were minor by comparison, although black race provided a protective effect against more severe stages of ROP. The real surprise in these data was the demonstration that the onset and events of ROP occurred in time with the postmenstrual age (PMA) instead of the age following birth (Figs. 1⇓ and 2⇓ ). When all infants were divided into three birthweight categories and the proportions of events were plotted by chronologic age, the largest infants had their events first, followed by the middle-sized infants, …
Dynamic intracellular delivery of antibiotics via pH-responsive polymersomes (2014)

Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was employed to prepare a series of copolymers consisting of 2-hdroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (FW<sub>avg</sub> ~ 950 Da) (O950) with variable comonomer compositions and molecular weights for use as polymeric scaffolds. Reactivity ratios for the monomer pair were determined to be 1.37 and 0.290 respectively. To these scaffolds trithiocarbonate-based RAFT chain transfer agents (CTAs) were grafted using carbodiimide chemistry. The resultant graft chain transfer agents (gCTA) were subsequently employed to polymerize dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and (HPMA) between degrees of polymerization (DP) of 25 and 200. Kinetic analysis for the polymerization of DMAEMA targeting a DP of 100 from a 34 arm graft gCTA show linear M<sub>n</sub> conversion and pseudo first order rate plots with narrow molecular weight distributions that move toward lower elution volumes with monomer conversion. Đ values for these polymerizations remain low at around 1.20 at monomer conversions as high as 70 %. pH-responsive endosomalytic brushes capable of spontaneously self-assembling into polymersomes were synthesized and a combination of dynamic light scattering (DLS), cryoTEM, and red blood cell hemolysis were employed to evaluate the aqueous solution properties of the polymeric brush as a function of pH. Successful encapsulation of ceftazidime and pH-dependent drug release properties were confirmed by HPLC. Intracellular antibiotic activity of the drug-loaded polymersomes was confirmed in a macrophage coculture model of infection with B. thailandensis and RAW 264.7 cells.
A design technique for variable digital filters (1989)

In some applications the frequency characteristics of a filter may be required to change during the course of signal processing. This requirement can be satisfied by filters with coefficients that are directly computable from the specified spectral parameters. Such filters are referred to as variable filters. A design technique for variable filters is proposed. The filter coefficients are expressed as analytical functions of the frequency specifications by using a curve-fitting technique. Several examples are presented to illustrate the method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Myristoylation of ADP-ribosylation Factor 1 Facilitates Nucleotide Exchange at Physiological Mg2+ Levels (1995)

Recombinant N-myristoylated bovine ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (myr-rARF1) has been expressed in bacteria and purified to near homogeneity with a high (85%) myristoylation efficiency. Myr-rARF1 and nonmyristoylated rARF1 have been compared with respect to their kinetics of guanine nucleotide exchange and their interactions with phospholipids. Myristoylation is shown to allow the release of bound GDP at physiological (mM) concentrations of Mg2+. GDP dissociation is slow in the absence of phospholipids but is accelerated 2-fold in the presence of phospholipid vesicles. On the contrary, myristoylation decreases 10-fold the rate of dissociation of GTP or guanosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) in the presence of phospholipids. As a result, myr-ARF1 can be spontaneously activated by GTP or GTP gamma S (t1/2 approximately 30 min at 37 degrees C) at 1 mM Mg2+, in the sole presence of phospholipid membranes without the need for a nucleotide exchange factor. In contrast to the nonacylated protein, the GDP-bound form of myr-ARF1 interacts with phospholipids, as demonstrated by its cosedimentation with phospholipid vesicles and its comigration with phospholipid/cholate micelles on gel filtration. The interaction is, however, weaker than for the GTP-bound form, suggesting that only the myristate in myr-ARF1GDP interacts with phospholipids, whereas both the myristate and the amino-terminal hydrophobic residues in myr-ARF1GTP bind to phospholipids.
Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide and vasopressin by small cell lung cancer (1995)

The majority of SCLC lines produce ANP, and a minority produce AVP. Secretion of ANP may result in hyponatremia and/or postural hypotension. However, secretion of either or both of these peptides does not account for all cases of hyponatremia in patients with SCLC and does not necessarily cause clinical manifestations.
Preparation of influenza virosome vaccine with muramyldipeptide derivative B30-MDP (1997)

An influenza virosome vaccine, consisting of influenza hemagglutinin-neur-aminidase antigens (HANA), the muramyldipeptide derivative 6-O-(2-tetra-decylhexadecanoyl)-N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (B30-MDP) and cholesterol, was prepared by the detergent removal method using a flow-through dialyzer, Liposomat. The shape of the influenza virosome vaccine mimicked that of the influenza virus, namely, B30-MDP/cholesterol vesicle covered with HANA spikes. The particle size and size distribution of prepared virosomes were evaluated by quasi-elastic laser light scattering and gel permea tion chromatography. The state of incorporation of HANA spikes at the membrane surface of virosome was confirmed by electron microscopy. The results indicated that virosome formation was influenced by initial B30-MDP concentration in the mixed micellar solution prior to dialysis. It is apparent that the initial concentration of B30-MDP, relative to the mixed-micelle-to-viro-some transition, is an important factor for virosome preparation. Accordingly, the transition was evaluated and clarified by the changes in membrane fluidity and particle size during the dialysis process. The results indicated that it is important to adjust the initial B30-MDP concentration in the mixed micellar solution before dialysis so that the concentration for the mixed-micelle-to-vesicle transition coincides with that for mixed-micelle-to-rosette transition appropriate for virosome formation.
Ductile Mode Micro Laser Assisted Machining of Silicon Carbide (2011)

This chapter is divided into three parts: (1) background research, (2) experimental work and (3) simulations on ductile mode micro laser assisted machining. The origin and science behind ductile regime machining will briefly be discussed prior to discussing the experimental and simulated study conducted on SiC. Although the results of both studies (experimental and simulation) are not intended for direct comparison, the main objective of both studies are similar, that is to analyze the effects of laser heating/thermal softening on ductile mode machining of single crystal 4H-SiC.
ATG16L1 Prevents Lethal T-Cell Alloreactivity Mediated By Dendritic Cells (2014)

The role of autophagy in GVHD is unknown. We used a MHC-disparate allo-HSCT model (B10.BR into B6) and compared wild-type (WT) vs ATG16L1HM (hypomorphic (HM) for expression of the ATG16L1 protein) recipients. HM recipients developed significantly increased GVHD mortality (Figure A, P < 0.001) and morbidity. This was associated with significantly increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-alpha and IL-12 (P < 0.05). CFSE analysis demonstrated significantly increased proliferation and activation of alloreactive donor T cells in HM recipients. Alloreactive donor T cells in HM recipients expressed higher levels of LPAM-1, which is involved in T cell trafficking to the intestines. This correlated with significantly increased numbers of infiltrating donor T cells in the intra-epithelial compartment of the small intestines (P < 0.05). HM recipients had greater loss of intestinal integrity as demonstrated by increased intestinal permeability after oral FITC-dextran gavage (P < 0.01) and increased bacterial colony growth from spleen and blood (P < 0.05). To further assess the increased alloreactivity of donor T cells in HM recipients, we analyzed recipient-derived dendritic cells (DC) in HM vs WT recipients and noted a) increased numbers, b) increased expression of activation/maturation molecules (CD40, CD80 and CD86; Figure B) by flow cytometry and transcriptome microarray and c) increased alloactivation of donor T cells when tested in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. In addition, we demonstrated that in vitro culture of DCs with an autophagy-inducing drug (resveratrol) resulted in decreased expression of activation/maturation molecules (P < 0.001). To determine if ATG16L1 deficiency in recipient DCs is sufficient, we performed experiments with CD11c-Cre/Atg16l1f/f recipients (in which the ATG16L1 deficiency is restricted to CD11c+ DC in the recipient) and found increased GVHD. Finally, to assess whether ATG16L1 contributes to GVHD through its role in autophagy, we treated allo-HSCT recipients with an autophagy inhibitor (Lys05; 10 mg/kg i.p., days -3 to 30) and found significantly increased GVHD. In conclusion, these preclinical studies demonstrate that loss of ATG16L1 expression in allo-HSCT recipients results in increased activation/maturation of DC leading to increased alloactivation of donor T cells and worse GVHD. Based on these observations in mice we analyzed a cohort of 122 allo-HSCT patients, who had received an allograft from a HLA-identical sibling and found that the presence of ATG16L1 SNPs either in donor or recipient resulted in increased mortality, although only donor ATG16L1 SNP reached statistical significance in this small cohort (P = 0.026). Taken together, our results in mouse and man suggest that ATG16L1 and autophagy are involved in the pathophysiology of GVHD and raise the possibility that strategies to induce autophagy could ameliorate GVHD.
Interactive Focus and Context Display of Large Raster Images (2000)

This paper presents the RECTANGULAR FISHEYE VIEW, an interactive focus–and–context presentation\ntechnique for large raster images on mobile computers with small displays and limited processing power.\nBoth the viewing of locally available images and the demand–driven display and transmission of remotely–\nstored images are supported by the technique. The underlying geometry calculations are explained, and\nthe design decisions for supporting rapid interactive feedback are discussed. A scenario is described which\ndemonstrates the performance of the method.
Androgenic alopecia; the risk–benefit ratio of Finasteride (2018)

Finasteride is currently approved and largely used as a therapeutic option for androgenetic alopecia. Apparently a safe drug and effective at the onset of its application, several concerns have since appeared over the years regarding the frequency and magnitude of finasteride adverse effects, which in some cases appear irreversible even after drug termination. This paper discusses the use of finasteride for androgenic alopecia from two distinct perspectives. On the one hand, androgenic alopecia is a condition that especially affects a person’s self-image and esteem, aspects that are subjectively-constructed and thus relative and changeable. On the other hand, this condition involves a multifactorial etiology, with androgens being only partly responsible. Because androgens have important and unique physiological roles within the body, any procedure that results in androgenic suppression should be advised with caution. Furthermore, adverse effects induced by finasteride are neither fully documented nor easily treated. Finally, as alternative therapeutic approaches (such as topical finasteride) become available, the oral administration of finasteride for androgenic alopecia should, in our opinion, be reevaluated. Due to such concerns, a detailed and informed discussion should take place with patients considering therapy with finasteride for androgenic alopecia.
Electrospun polyaniline/polyethylene oxide nanofiber field-effect transistor (2003)

We report on the observation of field-effect transistor (FET) behavior in electrospun camphorsulfonic-acid-doped polyaniline/polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofibers. Saturation channel currents are observed at surprisingly low source–drain voltages. The hole mobility in the depletion regime is 1.4×10−4 cm2/V s, while the one-dimensional (1-D) charge density (at zero gate bias) is calculated to be approximately 1 hole per 50 two-ring repeat units of polyaniline, consistent with the rather high channel conductivity (∼10−3 S/cm). Reducing or eliminating the PEO content in the fiber is expected to enhance device parameters. Electrospinning is thus proposed as a simple method of fabricating one-dimensional polymer FETs.
A machine learning approach to introspection in a Question Answering system (2002)

The ability to evaluate intermediate results in a Question Answering (QA) system, which we call introspection, is necessary in architectures based on planning or on processing loops. In particular, it is needed to determine if an earlier phase must be retried, or if the response "No Answer" must be offered. We look at an introspection task of performing a cursory evaluation of the search engine output in a QA system. We define this task as a concept-learning problem and evaluate two classifiers that use features based on score progression in the ranked list returned by the search engine and candidate answer types. Our experiments showed promising results, achieving 25% relative improvement over a majority class baseline on unseen data.
Inorganic Photovoltaic Solar Cells: Silicon and Beyond (2008)

Photovoltaic solar cells tap into sunlight—the most abundant renewable energy source on the Earth—for electricity. Our planet receives ∼1.2×1017 W of solar power, while the rate of current worldwide energy consumption is ∼10,000 times smaller at ∼1.3×1013 W. This means that the Earth receives more solar energy in an hour than the total energy it consumes in an entire year. Solar energy alone has the capacity to meet all the planet’s energy needs for the foreseeable future.
Direct measurement of renal medullary blood flow in the dog (1994)

We studied the responses of total renal blood flow (RBF) and renal medullary blood flow (RMBF) to changes in renal perfusion pressure (RPP) within and below the range of renal autoregulation in the anesthetized dog (n = 7). To measure RMBF, we developed a technique in which the medulla is exposed by excising a section of infarcted cortex and a multiple optical fiber flow probe, connected to a laser-Doppler flowmeter, is placed on the medulla. At the baseline RPP of 120 +/- 1 mmHg, RBF was 2.58 +/- 0.33 ml.min-1.g perfused kidney wt-1, and RMBF was 222 +/- 45 perfusion units. RPP was then decreased in consecutive 20-mmHg steps to 39 +/- 1 mmHg. At 80 +/- 1 mmHg, RBF remained at 89 +/- 4% of the baseline value; however, RMBF had decreased significantly (P < 0.05) to 73 +/- 4% of its baseline value. The efficiency of autoregulation of RBF and of RMBF within the RPP range of 120 to 80 mmHg was determined by calculating an autoregulatory index (AI) for each parameter using the formula AI = (%delta blood flow)/(%delta RPP). An AI of 0 indicates perfect autoregulation, and an index of 1 indicates a system with a fixed resistance. The AI for RBF averaged 0.33 +/- 0.12 over this pressure range and showed a significantly greater (P < 0.05) autoregulatory ability than did the RMBF (0.82 +/- 0.13). Decreasing perfusion pressure < 80 mmHg produced significant decreases in both RBF and RMBF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Inverse Clarke Transformation based control method of a three-phase inverter for PV-Grid systems (2014)

A photovoltaic (PV)-Grid System integrates electric energy generated by PV modules and a grid. A Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) is required due to PV characteristic. It will force the PV modules produce maximum power in the DC voltage. It is needed an inverter to convert DC into AC voltage and to match the grid voltage. A standard inverter topology used in active filtering is functioned to inject harmonic and reactive power components but it must be able to transmit active power component in PV-Grid System. Instantaneous power concept is often used to control an active power filter due to its simplicity. In this paper, a control method for a three-phase three-legs inverter is proposed. This is based on inverse Clarke Transformation. The inverter is implemented by Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) that is operated as a controlled current source by using a current controller. Inverter output currents will be compared to references produced by inverse Clarke Transformation. To achieve power equilibrium, the voltage of the DC-link is kept constant. The obtained results have proven that all the power generated by the PV modules can be transmitted into the grid.
Use of Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of Second Trimester Amniotic Fluid to Assess Preterm Births (2011)

This pilot study investigated the possibility that metabolomic differences exist in second trimester of women delivering at term (≥37 weeks, n = 216) and preterm (≤35 weeks, n = 11). For this retrospective study, biobanked AF samples underwent near-infrared (NIR) spectral analysis using wavelengths from 700 to 1050 nm. Spectral data was compressed then optimized by multilinear regression to create a calibration model. The resultant model was able to classify term and preterm births based on differing AF metabolomic profiles with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. When groups were classified using a prematurity index (PI), there was a statistical difference (P < 0.001) between the predicted preterm group (PI 0.77 ± 0.08) and the term group (PI 1.00 ± 0.02). In conclusion, the 2nd trimester AF samples showed distinct differences in metabolomic profiles between patients delivering preterm as compared to those at term in functional groups related to proteins, carbohydrates, fats, polyols, and water.
Quantum and statistical mechanical studies of liquids. 11. Transferable intermolecular potential functions. Application to liquid methanol including internal rotation (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantum and statistical mechanical studies of liquids. 11. Transferable intermolecular potential functions. Application to liquid methanol including internal rotationWilliam L. JorgensenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 2, 341–345Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00392a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00392a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views499Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Targeting cannabinoid receptor‐2 pathway by phenylacetylamide suppresses the proliferation of human myeloma cells through mitotic dysregulation and cytoskeleton disruption (2015)

Cannabinoid receptor-2 (CB2) is expressed dominantly in the immune system, especially on plasma cells. Cannabinergic ligands with CB2 selectivity emerge as a class of promising agents to treat CB2-expressing malignancies without psychotropic concerns. In this study, we found that CB2 but not CB1 was highly expressed in human multiple myeloma (MM) and primary CD138+ cells. A novel inverse agonist of CB2, phenylacetylamide but not CB1 inverse agonist SR141716, inhibited the proliferation of human MM cells (IC50 : 0.62 ∼ 2.5 μM) mediated by apoptosis induction, but exhibited minor cytotoxic effects on human normal mononuclear cells. CB2 gene silencing or pharmacological antagonism markedly attenuated phenylacetylamide's anti-MM effects. Phenylacetylamide triggered the expression of C/EBP homologous protein at the early treatment stage, followed by death receptor-5 upregulation, caspase activation, and β-actin/tubulin degradation. Cell cycle related protein cdc25C and mitotic regulator Aurora A kinase were inactivated by phenylacetylamide treatment, leading to an increase in the ratio inactive/active cdc2 kinase. As a result, phosphorylation of CDK substrates was decreased, and the MM cell mitotic division was largely blocked by treatment. Importantly, phenylacetylamide could overcome the chemoresistance of MM cells against dexamethasone or melphalan. Thus, targeting CB2 may represent an attractive approach to treat cancers of immune origin.
Investigation of test methods for DO-160 qualification tests (2004)

Experiments were performed to compare test arrangements used in DO-160 electromagnetic effects (EME) qualification testing. One arrangement in particular was found to expose the circuitry of the equipment under test (EUT) to inadequate levels of RF (radio frequency) or transient energy, despite achieving the required test levels at the harness or equipment chassis. This arrangement utilizes a wrap-around in the cable harness and wiring, to minimize the external equipment used in the test setup. The discrepancy was most pronounced at low frequency (below 10MHz). An alternate method was developed to correct the deficiency and restore the appropriate levels of EME excitation at the equipment interfaces while retaining the advantages of the original test configuration. Some EME test could not be corrected by the alternate technique.