gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis in neuroendocrine tumours (1999)

Acquired resistance to apoptosis in neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) may promote clonal expansion and enhance the likelihood that subsequent mutations lead to growth or persistence of the neoplastic clone. Recent studies have demonstrated that deregulation of programmed cell death may be a critical component in multistep tumourigenesis of NETs and that the frequent expression of the Bcl-2 oncoprotein in these tumours may contribute to their pathogenesis. The genetic complementation of simultaneously deregulated Bcl-2 and c-Myc may be implicated in the multistep tumourigenesis of human NETs. Furthermore, because the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy relies on its ability to induce programmed cell death, resistance to apoptosis typically correlates with chemoresistance, a phenomenon that is typical in NETs. Consideration of how oncogenes affect rates of cell death, in addition to augmenting growth, has already provided valuable insights into the biology of cancer. Understanding the molecular and cellular features of this process may enable the development and application of more effective and potentially curative treatment strategies in which the induction of programmed cell death is an integral component.
A Cellular Micro-RNA, let-7i, Regulates Toll-like Receptor 4 Expression and Contributes to Cholangiocyte Immune Responses against Cryptosporidium parvum Infection (2007)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important pathogen recognition molecules and are key to epithelial immune responses to microbial infection. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate TLR expression in epithelia are obscure. Micro-RNAs play important roles in a wide range of biological events through post-transcriptional suppression of target mRNAs. Here we report that human biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocytes) express let-7 family members, micro-RNAs with complementarity to TLR4 mRNA. We found that let-7 regulates TLR4 expression via post-transcriptional suppression in cultured human cholangiocytes. Infection of cultured human cholangiocytes with Cryptosporidium parvum, a parasite that causes intestinal and biliary disease, results in decreased expression of primary let-7i and mature let-7 in a MyD88/NF-kappaB-dependent manner. The decreased let-7 expression is associated with C. parvum-induced up-regulation of TLR4 in infected cells. Moreover, experimentally induced suppression or forced expression of let-7i causes reciprocal alterations in C. parvum-induced TLR4 protein expression, and consequently, infection dynamics of C. parvum in vitro. These results indicate that let-7i regulates TLR4 expression in cholangiocytes and contributes to epithelial immune responses against C. parvum infection. Furthermore, the data raise the possibility that micro-RNA-mediated post-transcriptional pathways may be critical to host-cell regulatory responses to microbial infection in general.
In vivo demonstration of enhanced radiotherapy using rare earth doped titania nanoparticles (2012)

Radiation therapy is often limited by damage to healthy tissue and associated side-effects; restricting radiation to ineffective doses. Preferential incorporation of materials into tumour tissue can enhance the effect of radiation. Titania has precedent for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT), generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon photoexcitation, but is limited by the penetration depth of UV light. Optimization of a nanomaterial for interaction with X-rays could be used for deep tumour treatment. As such, titania nanoparticles were doped with gadolinium to optimize the localized energy absorption from a conventional medical X-ray, and further optimized by the addition of other rare earth (RE) elements. These elements were selected due to their large X-ray photon interaction cross-section, and potential for integration into the titania crystal structure. Specific activation of the nanoparticles by X-ray can result in generation of ROS leading to cell death in a tumour-localized manner. We show here that intratumoural injection of RE doped titania nanoparticles can enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy in vivo.
Identification of Essential Interacting Elements in K-Ras/Calmodulin Binding and Its Role in K-Ras Localization (2008)

We previously showed that K-Ras is a calmodulin-binding protein. Involvement of this interaction in anterograde and retrograde transport of K-Ras was then suggested. To test this we have analyzed here the domains of K-Ras essential for the interaction with calmodulin. At least three different regions in the K-Ras molecule were important; they are the hypervariable region, the -helix between amino acids 151 and 166, and the Switch II. Within the hypervariable region, both the hydrophobic farnesyl group and the positive-charged amino acids were essential for the interaction between K-Ras and calmodulin in cellular extracts. Consistently, K-Ras S181D, which mimics phosphorylation of Ser-181 of K-Ras, also completely abolished binding to calmodulin. K-Ras mutants correctly farnesylated that did not bind calmodulin were all located at plasma membrane, showing that calmodulin interaction was not required for the transport of K-Ras to plasma membrane. In NIH3T3 cells, K-Ras and calmodulin colocalized mainly in the plasma membrane even after the addition of Ca 2 ionophore, indicating that interaction did not directly lead to K-Ras internalization. Furthermore, using a K-Ras with impaired binding to calmodulin but with membrane localization, we could demonstrate in striatal neurones that interaction between K-Ras and calmodulin was not required for Golgi K-Ras translocation induced by Ca 2 influx.
Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation in OFDMA Networks (2012)

The widespread application of multimedia wireless services and requirements of ubiquitous access have triggered rapidly booming energy consumption at both the base station side and the user equipment (UE) side. Hence, energy-efficient design in wireless networks is very important and is becoming an inevitable trend. In this paper, we study the energy-efficient resource allocation in both downlink and uplink cellular networks with orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). For the downlink transmission, the generalized energy efficiency (EE) is maximized while for the uplink case the minimum individual EE is maximized, both under certain prescribed per-UE quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. For both transmission scenarios, we first provide the optimal solution and then develop a suboptimal but low-complexity approach by exploring the inherent structure and property of the energy-efficient design. For the downlink case, by modifying the original problem, we also find a computationally efficient and numerically tractable upper bound on the EE, which indicates the performance limit and is demonstrated to be quite tight if the number of subcarriers is larger than that of UEs and motivates us to find a near-optimal approach relying on the quasiconcave relation between the modified EE and transmit power. Simulation results show that the energy-efficient design greatly improves EE compared with the conventional spectral-efficient design and the low-complexity suboptimal approaches can achieve a promising tradeoff between performance and complexity.
Touch Displays: A Programmed Man-Machine Interface (1967)

(1967). Touch Displays: A Programmed Man-Machine Interface. Ergonomics: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 271-277.
Study of the Role of the Carbohydrate and Protein Moieties of Soy Soluble Polysaccharides in Their Emulsifying Properties (2004)

The objective of this work was to investigate the role played by the protein fraction of soy soluble polysaccharide (SSPS) during its adsorption at oil/water interfaces. SSPS was separated in a high (HMF; 310 kDa) and low (LMF; 20 kDa) molecular weight fraction by gel filtration. SSPS/HMF consisted of 91.6% carbohydrate and 2.2% protein and showed better emulsifying properties than those of the whole SSPS, whereas SSPS/LMF seemed to affect negatively the adsorption behavior of SSPS. SDS-PAGE of the protein fraction obtained from SSPS/HMF showed a molecular mass of 50 kDa, was composed predominantly of proline (23.1%) and glutamic acid (15.2%), and still contained 8.8% of neutral sugar and 5.3% of uronic acid. Results indicated that not all of the protein material present in SSPS contributes to SSPS functionality but that only the material associated with HMF aids in the adsorption of SSPS onto oil/water interfaces.
Levels of human Fis1 at the mitochondrial outer membrane regulate mitochondrial morphology (2004)

Mitochondria undergo balanced fission and fusion events that enable their appropriate networking within the cell. In yeast, three factors have been identified that co-ordinate fission events at the mitochondrial outer membrane. Fis1p acts as the outer membrane receptor for recruitment of the dynamin member, Dnm1p and the WD40-repeat-containing protein Mdv1p. In mammals, the Dnm1p counterpart Drp1 has been characterized, but other components have not. Here, we report the characterization of human Fis1 (hFis1). hFis1 is inserted into the mitochondrial outer membrane via a C-terminal transmembrane domain that, along with a short basic segment, is essential for its targeting. Although expression of hFis1 does not complement the phenotype of yeast cells lacking Fis1p, overexpression of hFis1 in tissue culture cells nevertheless causes mitochondrial fragmentation and aggregation. This aggregation could be suppressed by expressing a dominant-negative Drp1 mutant (Drp1(K38A)). Knockdown of hFis1 in COS-7 cells using RNA interference results in mitochondrial morphology defects with notable extensions in the length of mitochondrial tubules. These results indicate that the levels of hFis1 at the mitochondrial surface influences mitochondrial fission events and hence overall mitochondrial morphology within the cell.
Fungal Protoplasts: Applications in Biochemistry and Genetics (1985)

Preface Contributors THE PROTOPLAST SYSTEM The Fungal Cell Wall Vladimir Farkas Mycolytic Enzymes John F. Peberdy Factors Influencing Protoplast Isolation Barry Davis Protoplasts from Fungal Spores Cees J. Bos Protoplasts from Entomophthorales Richard A. Nolan PROTOPLASTS AS TOOLS IN PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES Cell Wall Regeneration and Protoplast Reversion Oldrich Necas and Augustin Svoboda The Protoplast Membrane and Antifungal Drugs David Kerridge Metabolic Properties of Protoplasts Susan Isaac Protoplasts and Secondary Metabolism Joan W. Bennett PROTOPLASTS AS GENETIC TOOLS Protoplast Fusion and Genetic Analysis in Cephalosporium John A. Birkett and Paul F. Hamlyn Protoplast Fusion and Incompatibility in Aspergillus James H. Croft Interspecies Hybridization after Protoplast Fusion in Aspergillus Ferenc Kevei and John F. Peberdy Protoplast Fusion and Interspecies Hybrization in Penicillium Jozef Anne and John F. Peberdy Protoplast Fusion in Yeasts Lajos Ferenczy Transfer of Cytoplasmic Genetic Elements by Protoplast Fusion Lajos Ferenczy Some Aspects of Yeast Transformation Albert Hinnen Perspectives for Protoplasts in Genetics of Industrially Important Fungi Christopher Ball Index
Molecular Events Initiating Exit of a Copper-transporting ATPase ATP7B from the Trans-Golgi Network (2012)

The copper-transporting ATPase ATP7B has a dual intracellular localization: the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and cytosolic vesicles. Changes in copper levels, kinase-mediated phosphorylation, and mutations associated with Wilson disease alter the steady-state distribution of ATP7B between these compartments. To identify a primary molecular event that triggers ATP7B exit from the TGN, we characterized the folding, activity, and trafficking of the ATP7B variants with mutations within the regulatory N-terminal domain (N-ATP7B). We found that structural changes disrupting the inter-domain contacts facilitate ATP7B exit from the TGN. Mutating Ser-340/341 in the N-ATP7B individually or together to Ala, Gly, Thr, or Asp produced active protein and shifted the steady-state localization of ATP7B to vesicles, independently of copper levels. The Ser340/341G mutant had a lower kinase-mediated phosphorylation under basal conditions and no copper-dependent phosphorylation. Thus, negative charges introduced by copper-dependent phosphorylation are not obligatory for ATP7B trafficking from the TGN. The Ser340/341A mutation did not alter the overall fold of N-ATP7B, but significantly decreased interactions with the nucleotide-binding domain, mimicking consequences of copper binding to N-ATP7B. We propose that structural changes that specifically alter the inter-domain contacts initiate exit of ATP7B from the TGN, whereas increased phosphorylation may be needed to maintain an open interface between the domains.
Alpha-Particle Induced Soft-Error Rate in CMOS 130 nm SRAM (2011)

We report the modeling and simulation of the soft-error rate (SER) in CMOS 130 nm SRAM induced by alpha-particle emission in silicon due to uranium contamination at ppb concentration levels. Monte-Carlo simulation results have been confronted to experimental data obtained from long-duration (>;20 000 h) real-time measurements performed at the under-ground laboratory of Modane (LSM) and from experimental counting characterization using an ultra low background alpha-particle gas proportional counter. The calibration of simulations with the measured SER allowed us to determine a <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">238</sup> U contamination level of 0.37 ppb (considered at secular equilibrium) in very good agreement with both corresponding alpha-particle emissivity levels measured and simulated at wafer-level in the range 1.1 to 2.3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> alpha/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /h.
Group II Intron RNA Catalysis of Progressive Nucleotide Insertion: a Model for RNA Editing (1993)

The self-splicing bl1 intron lariat from mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyzed the insertion of nucleotidyl monomers derived from the 3' end of a donor RNA into an acceptor RNA in a 3' to 5' direction in vitro. In this catalyzed reaction, the site specificity provided by intermolecular base pair interactions, the formation of chimeric intermediates, the polarity of the nucleotidyl insertion, and its reversibility all resemble such properties in previously proposed models of RNA editing in kinetoplastid mitochondria. These results suggest that RNA editing occurs by way of a concerted, two-step transesterification mechanism and that RNA splicing and RNA editing might be prebiotically related mechanisms; possibly, both evolved from a primordial demand for self-replication.
The ?2-adrenergic receptor antagonist idazoxan reduces dyskinesia and enhances anti-parkinsonian actions ofL-dopa in the MPTP-lesioned primate model of Parkinson's disease (1999)

Dopamine replacement therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease is plagued by the emergence of abnormal involuntary movements known as L-dopa-induced dyskinesias. It has been demonstrated that yohimbine can reduce L-dopa-induced dyskinesia in the MPTP-lesioned primate model of Parkinson's disease. Yohimbine is, among other things, an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist. In this study, we demonstrate that the selective and potent alpha2-adrenergic receptor antagonist idazoxan reduces L-dopa-induced dyskinesia in the MPTP-lesioned marmoset model of Parkinson's disease. The alpha2-adrenergic receptor antagonists rauwolscine and yohimbine also reduce L-dopa-induced dyskinesia. Furthermore, we demonstrate that coadministration of idazoxan with L-dopa can provide an anti-parkinsonian action more than twice the length of that seen with L-dopa alone. However, idazoxan as a monotherapy displayed no anti-parkinsonian actions. We propose that idazoxan in combination with L-dopa may provide a novel approach to the treatment of Parkinson's disease that will not only reduce the dyskinetic side effects, but extend the anti-parkinsonian actions of L-dopa. Idazoxan, as an adjunct to dopamine replacement, may prove useful in the treatment of parkinsonian patients at all stages of disease progression.
Noncoherent coded modulation (1996)

Trellis coded modulation with two or multidimensional signal constellations, together with coherent maximum-likelihood detection, is considered an attractive solution for communications over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. In this paper a new noncoherent communication system is introduced called noncoherent coded modulation (NCM) as an alternative to coherent coded modulation. NCM achieves almost the same power efficiency, without bandwidth expansion or an extensive increase in complexity. As a noncoherent system, the method does not need carrier phase estimation. Nonetheless, differential encoding is not required. High performance noncoherent detection is achieved by using multiple symbol observations. Unlike previous approaches, a sliding window for the observations is used, with each observation covering several branches of the trellis, such that the observations are time-overlapped. We define a new type of noncoherent maximum-likelihood sequence estimator (MLSE), and analyze its performance over the AWGN channel by numerical calculation of the union bound. We perform a computerized search and present new codes for noncoherent detection with their performance. The new codes cover many useful rates and complexities and achieve higher performance than existing codes for noncoherent detection. The method can also be used for multiple symbol demodulation of MDPSK with better results than existing methods.
Effect of the Rho Kinase Inhibitor Y-27632 on Corneal Endothelial Wound Healing (2015)

ROCK inhibitor may be developed as an eye drop for treating acute corneal endothelial damage to prevent progression of bullous keratopathy. (University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry no. UMIN000003625; www.umin.ac.jp/ctr).
Cathodic electrochemiluminescence behaviour of MoS<sub>2</sub> quantum dots and its biosensing of microRNA-21 (2018)

The cathodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) behaviour of nontoxic MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) was studied for the first time using potassium peroxydisulfate as the co-reactant. Ag-PAMAM NCs, serving as difunctional tags for quenching and enhancing ECL of MoS2-reduced graphene oxide composites, were introduced into the ECL detection system for signal amplification. By modulating the interparticle distance between MoS2 QDs and Ag-PAMAM NCs, the ECL quenching from resonance energy transfer and the ECL enhancement from surface plasma resonance were realized. Coupling the good ECL performance of MoS2 QDs with the excellent ECL quenching and enhancement effects of Ag-PAMAM NCs, a novel MoS2 QDs-based ECL biosensing platform for sensitive detection of microRNA-21 was achieved with a detection limit of 0.20 fmol L-1 (S/N = 3). This method was successfully applied to the determination of microRNA-21 in human serum samples with recoveries of 90.0-110.0%, suggesting great potential for its applications in biological and chemical analysis.
Cannabinoids: The Separation of Central from Peripheral Effects on a Structural Basis (1991)

A brief history of the therapeutic uses and legal problems of cannabis as well as the component cannabinoids is given. This is followed by a discussion of drug development from Delta (1)-tetrahydrocannabinol and its synthetic analogues. The controversy of whether the pharmacological effects are of central or peripheral origin is included. Then, the potentials for the development of new drugs based on the cannabinoid structure for the treatment of pain, inflammation, and related conditions are outlined. It is concluded that the central activity of cannabinoids is confirmed and that the presence of a C-5 hydroxy group confers potent peripheral activity.
A Workbench for large-scale sequence homology analysis (1994)

When routinely analysing very long stretches of DNA sequences produced by genome sequencing projects, detailed analysis of database search results becomes exceedingly time consuming. To reduce the tedious browsing of large quantities of protein similarities, two programs, MSPcrunch and Blixem, were developed, which assist in processing the results from the database search programs in the BLAST suite. MSPcrunch removes biased composition and redundant matches while keeping weak matches that are consistent with a larger gapped alignment. This makes BLAST searching in practice more sensitive and reduces the risk of overlooking distant similarities. Blixem is a multiple sequence alignment viewer for X-windows which makes it significantly easier to scan and evaluate the matches ratified by MSPcrunch. In Blixem, matches to the translated DNA query sequence are simultaneously aligned in three frames. Also, the distribution of matches over the whole DNA query is displayed. Examples of usage are drawn from 36 C. elegans cosmid clones totalling 1.2 megabases, to which these tools were applied.
Liquid hydrogen sulphide as an ionising solvent. Part III. Reactions of compounds of Groups IV, V, and VI (1966)

The chemical behaviour of a number of compounds of Groups IV, V, and VI in liquid hydrogen sulphide has been studied. Tetra-alkylammonium salts containing the new anions (SiF4)2S2–, SiCl4S2–, SiCl4(SH)22–, and GeF4(SH)22–, have been isolated after neutralisations.
Transfer Learning from APP Domain to News Domain for Dual Cold-Start Recommendation. (2017)

News recommendation has been a must-have service for most mobile device users to know what has happened in the world. In this paper, we focus on recommending latest news articles to new users, which consists of the new user coldstart challenge and the new item (i.e., news article) coldstart challenge, and is thus termed as dual cold-start recommendation (DCSR). As a response, we propose a solution called neighborhood-based transfer learning (NTL) for this new problem. Specifically, in order to address the new user cold-start challenge, we propose a cross-domain preference assumption, i.e., users with similar app-installation behaviors are likely to have similar tastes in news articles, and then transfer the knowledge of neighborhood of the coldstart users from an APP domain to a news domain. For the new item cold-start challenge, we design a category-level preference to replace the traditional item-level preference because the latter is not applicable for the new items in our problem. We then conduct empirical studies on a real industry data with both users' app-installation behaviors and news-reading behaviors, and find that our NTL is able to deliver the news articles more accurately than other methods on different ranking-oriented evaluation metrics.
GUI testing: pitfalls and process (2002)

Given their increased importance, testing graphical user interfaces (GUI) for correctness can enhance the entire system's safety, robustness, and usability. But GUI remain a neglected test research area.