gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in IR-UWB transceivers: An overview (2010)

Modern Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) regulations have recently been adopted worldwide allowing for unlicensed operation within 3.1 and 10.6 GHz, using an appropriate wideband signal format with a low Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) level. UWB characteristics are suitable to transmit data using pulses instead of continuous-waves such as in narrowband radio links. It has the potential to be the right technology for high data-rate, low-power and short-to-medium range communication systems. We will focus on Impulse Radio-UWB (IR-UWB) systems and show their suitability for many different applications, including sensor networks, ad-hoc networks, cognitive radio, home networking, etc. We will also discuss the difficulties and challenges of designing IR-UWB systems. We present a tutorial overview of UWB regulations and usable signals. We present the existing standards and recommendations, and we review recently published results, highlighting trends in UWB transceiver power consumption and the impact of CMOS scaling on performance.
Optimal BIST using an embedded microprocessor (2003)

Systems-on-a-chip (SOCs) with many complex intellectual property (IP) cores require a large number of test patterns and a large volume of data. The computing power of the embedded processor in an SOC can be used to test the cores within the chip boundary, reducing the test time and memory requirements. This paper discusses techniques that use the computing power of the embedded processor in a more sophisticated way to significantly reduce memory requirements and the number of test applications, and hence the testing time. The processor can generate random patterns and selectively apply those patterns that contribute to the fault coverage. It can also apply deterministic test patterns that have been compressed using the characteristics of the random patterns as well as the deterministic patterns themselves. Fast run-length coding schemes which are easily implemented and effective for test data compression are described.
NMR studies of structure and dynamics of isotope enriched proteins (1992)

Structural studies of globular proteins by nmr can be enhanced by the use of isotope enrichment. We have been working with proteins enriched with 15N, and with both 15N and 13C. Due to the isotope enrichment we could assign several large proteins with up to 186 residues and could address structural questions. Furthermore, we can accurately measure heteronuclear and homonuclear vicinal coupling constants. This involves in part multidimensional multiple resonance experiments. This is important for characterization of minor conformational changes caused by mutations. We have also made use of isotope enrichment to study the internal mobility of proteins. We also have developed novel methods for measuring accurately 15N relaxation parameters, in particular transverse relaxation rates. This has led us toward a method for directly mapping spectral density functions of the rotational motions of N-H bond vectors in proteins. The protein systems that are discussed include the unlabeled proteins kistrin and cytochrome c551, and the labeled proteins eglin c, a flavodoxin, and human dihydrofolate reductase.
Membranes fabricated with a deep single corrugation for package stress reduction and residual stress relief (1993)

Thin square membranes including a deep circular corrugation are realized and tested for application in a strain-based pressure sensor. Package-induced stresses are reduced and relief of the residual stress is obtained, resulting in a larger pressure sensitivity and a reduced temperature sensitivity. Finite element method simulations were carried out, showing that the pressure-deflection behaviour of the structure is close to that of a circular membrane with clamped edge but free radial motion.
User experience study of concurrent virtual environments with 2D tab and 3D portal UIs (2013)

3D virtual environments have long been proposed as a means for collaborative work and communication. Many current implementations usually require that a user has one presence in one virtual world, which has an effect of limiting the possible actions a user has in some areas such as education and business. In this paper, we support a users' presence in multiple concurrent virtual environments and provide a user interface which makes it easier for them to move from one world to another. We evaluate the work by conducting a user experience study to obtain users' feedback on our solution. Our current implementation supports four concurrent client server connections. User feedback states that using multiple concurrent connections is visually pleasant, entertaining, fun, easy and fast to use.
A 30-KW CO2 Mixing Laser, (1979)

This report describes an electric-discharge CO2 mixing laser which has been constructed at MRL. This laser, which utilizes plasma injection, delivers an output power of 30 kW at an overall efficiency of 9%. (Author)
Nanostructured Ultrathin Films of Alternating Sexithiophenes and Electropolymerizable Polycarbazole Precursor Layers Investigated by Electrochemical Surface Plasmon Resonance (EC-SPR) Spectroscopy (2008)

Nanostructured ultrathin films of linear and dendrimeric cationic sexithiophenes, 6TNL and 6TND, respectively, alternated with anionic polycarbazole precursor, poly(2-( N-carbazolyl) ethyl methacrylate- co-methacrylic acid) or PCEMMA32, were successfully fabricated using the layer-by-layer self-assembly deposition technique. The two electro-optically active oligomers exhibited distinct optical properties and aggregation behavior in solution and films as studied by UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The stepwise increase of the 6TNL/PCEMMA32 and 6TND/PCEMMA32 layers was confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and in situ surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. The intralayer electrochemical polymerization and cross-linking behavior of the carbazole functionalized PCEMMA32 layers were then investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (EC-SPR) spectroscopy. The increase in current with each cycle confirmed intralayer cross-linking followed by the doping-dedoping process within these films. The two types of films differed with respect to dielectric constant and thickness changes before and after electropolymerization, indicating the influence of the oligothiophene layers. This demonstrated for the first time the preparation of highly ordered organic semiconductors alternated with in situ electropolymerizable layers in ultrathin films.
Tissue-Specific and Developmentally Regulated Expression of the Genes Encoding Adenylate Kinase Isozymes1 (1993)

Adenylate kinase (AK) is known to play an important role in homeostasis of adenine nucleotide metabolism. We isolated cDNAs for rat AK isozymes (AK1, AK2, and AK3), determined their mRNAs in rat tissues by Northern blot analysis, and measured the isozyme activities. Tissue-dependent activities of AK1 and AK2 paralleled the contents of mRNAs. Tissues with high AK1 levels showed low AK2 levels and vice versa, suggesting that tissue-specific expressions of the AK1 and AK2 genes are inversely regulated. AK3 mRNA was detected in most tissues examined, suggesting that AK3 gene expression is constitutive. We further examined developmental changes in mRNAs and enzyme activities of AK isozymes in rat skeletal muscle and liver. In the skeletal muscle, AK1 and AK3 activities started to increase at around the weaning period. AK1 mRNA accumulated at the prenatal stage and further increased during development, while AK3 mRNA was at high levels during the fetal stage and remained fairly constant during development. In the liver, AK2 and AK3 activities started to increase after birth and were further elevated during growth, whereas their mRNAs were present at relatively high levels throughout development. The physiological meanings of the tissue-specific expression of the AK isozyme genes are discussed.
Architecture and the Fred Harvey Houses (1964)

Every fine home and well-planned building deserves the very best in modern climate conditioning . . . .and that means an automa tic Electric Heat Pump.A single unit . . .a single thermostatic control ... heats and cools alike .Clean, Homeless, moderate in cost, it provides the finest possible year -round climate comfort.Your Public Service Company of New Mexico will be happy to discuss
Erstes Beispiel eines <i>ethylen</i>selektiven löslichen Ziegler‐Katalysators der Zirconocen‐Klasse (1989)

Eindeutige Struktur‐Aktivitäts‐Beziehungen ergab die Polymerisation von Ethylen und Propylen mit den neuen, einfach herstellbaren Katalysatoren 1 und 2 . In Gegenwart von Methylaluminoxan polymerisiert 1 mit hoher Aktivität Propylen zu Polypropylen hoher mittlerer Molmasse und enger Molmassenverteilung; 2 ist bei dieser Reaktion inaktiv, polymerisiert dafür aber Ethylen. Entscheidend scheint der Öffnungswinkel des Indenyl‐Ligandensystems zu sein. magnified image
Purification of a Reiter treponemal protein antigen that is immunologically related to an antigen in Treponema pallidum (1982)

A protein antigen called TR-o was isolated from supernatant of a sonically treated Reiter treponeme. The isolation procedure included anion-exchange chromatography on Whatman DE-52, hydrophobic interaction chromatography on decyl agarose, and finally gel filtration on Ac-A-22 Ultrogel. The fractionations were monitored by immunoprecipitation techniques. The recovery was found to be 35%, and the isolated protein was enriched 220 times. The molecular weight of the native protein was estimated to be 550,000 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 450,000 by gel filtration. Only one 66,000-molecular-weight polypeptide was found by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified protein. The protein was immunologically pure when tested in crossed immunoelectrophoresis against polyspecific rabbit anti-Reiter immunoglobulin, detecting more than 40 treponemal antigens. A monospecific antiserum was raised in rabbits immunized with the purified protein. Monospecific rabbit anti-TR-o gave strong fluorescence with both the Reiter treponeme and Treponema pallidum. The corresponding antigen in T. pallidum could not be demonstrated directly in a crude T. pallidum sonic extract, but rabbit anti-T. pallidum immunoglobulin contained precipitating antibodies against the purified protein. No antibodies against TR-o were found in selected sera from patients with secondary syphilis reactive in traditional syphilis tests.
Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 3-Grabbing Nonintegrin/CD209 Is Abundant on Macrophages in the Normal Human Lymph Node and Is Not Required for Dendritic Cell Stimulation of the Mixed Leukocyte Reaction (2005)

The C-type lectin dendritic cell-specific ICAM 3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN)/CD209 efficiently binds several pathogens, including HIV-1. DC-SIGN is expressed on monocyte-derived DCs in culture, and importantly, it is able to sequester HIV-1 within cells and facilitate transmission of virus to CD4+ T cells. To investigate DC-SIGN function, we have generated new mAbs. We report in this study that these and prior anti-DC-SIGN mAbs primarily label macrophages in the medullary sinuses of noninflamed human lymph node. In contrast, expression is not detected on most DCs in the T cell area, except for occasional cells. We also noted that IL-4 alone can induce expression of DC-SIGN in CD14+ monocytes and circulating blood DCs. However, blockade of DC-SIGN with Abs and DC-SIGN small interfering RNA did not result in a major reduction in the capacity of these DCs to transfer HIV to T cells, confirming significant DC-SIGN-independent mechanisms. The blocking approaches did reduce HIV-1 transmission by DC-SIGN-transfected cells by >90%. DC-SIGN blockade also did not reduce the ability of DCs to stimulate T cell proliferation in the MLR. These results indicate that DC-SIGN has the potential to contribute to macrophage function in normal human lymph node, and that DCs do not require DC-SIGN to transmit HIV or to initiate T cell responses.
Tubulin, hybrid dimers, and tubulin S. Stepwise charge reduction and polymerization. (1985)

Limited proteolysis of rat brain tubulin (alpha beta) by subtilisin cleaves a 1-2-kDa fragment from the carboxyl-terminal ends of both the alpha and beta subunits with a corresponding loss in negative charge of the proteins. The beta subunit is split much more rapidly (and exclusively at 5 degrees C), yielding a protein with cleaved beta and intact alpha subunit, called alpha beta s, which is of intermediate charge. Further proteolysis cleaves the carboxyl terminus of the alpha subunit leading, irreversibly, to the doubly cleaved product, named tubulin S, with a composition alpha s beta s. Both cleavage products are polymerization-competent and their polymers are resistant to 1 mM Ca2+- and 0.24 M NaCl-induced depolymerization. The two polymers differ in that the alpha beta s polymer is stable to cold, GDP, and podophyllotoxin, whereas tubulin S polymer is disassembled by these agents; moreover, alpha beta s forms ring-shaped polymers, whereas alpha s beta s forms filaments associated into bundles and sheets. Tubulin S co-polymerizes with native tubulin yielding a mixed product of intermediate stability. The presence of low mole fractions of tubulin S leads to a marked reduction in the critical concentration for polymerization of the mixture.
Efficacy and safety of an artesunate/mefloquine combination, (Artequin) in the treatment of uncomplicated <i>P. falciparum</i> malaria in Kenya (2006)

Artesunate-mefloquine combination given simultaneously was found to be highly effective and safe in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria.
Response of microbial biomass and CO2-C loss to wetting patterns are temperature dependent in a semi-arid soil (2017)

One of the greatest contemporary challenges in terrestrial ecology is to determine the impact of climate change on the world's ecosystems. Here we investigated how wetting patterns (frequency and intensity) and nutrient additions altered microbial biomass and CO<sub>2</sub>-C loss from a semi-arid soil. South-western Australia is predicted to experience declining annual rainfall but increased frequency of summer rainfall events when soil is fallow. Agricultural soils (0-10 cm at 10 °C or 25 °C) received the same total amount of water (15 mL over 30 days) applied at different frequency; with either nil or added nitrogen and phosphorus. Smaller more frequent wetting applications resulted in less CO<sub>2</sub>-C loss (P < 0.001); with cumulative CO<sub>2</sub>-C loss 35% lower than a single wetting event. This coincided with increased microbial biomass C at 25 °C but a decline at 10 °C. Increasing nutrient availability decreased CO<sub>2</sub>-C loss only under a single larger wetting event. While bacterial and fungal abundance remained unchanged, archaeal abundance and laccase-like copper monooxidase gene abundance increased with more frequent wetting at 25 °C. Our findings suggest smaller more frequent summer rainfall may decrease CO<sub>2</sub> emissions compared to infrequent larger events; and enhance microbial C use efficiency where sufficient background soil organic matter and nutrients are available.
Growth inhibition of human hepatoma cells by acyclic retinoid is associated with induction of p21(CIP1) and inhibition of expression of cyclin D1. (2002)

Acyclic retinoid (ACR), a novel synthetic retinoid, can prevent the recurrence of human hepatoma after surgical resection of primary tumors, but the molecular mechanisms by which ACR exerts antitumor effects are not known. In this study, we found that ACR inhibited the growth of three human hepatoma cell lines. In HepG2 cells, this inhibition was associated with an arrest of the cell cycle in G(0)-G(1), increased cellular levels of p21(CIP1), decreased levels of the hyperphosphorylated form of the retinoblastoma protein, and decreased levels of cyclin D1, but no significant changes were seen in the levels of the p16(INK4a), p27(KIP1), cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin-dependent kinase 6, glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, or beta-catenin proteins. ACR also caused a decrease in the level of cyclin D1 mRNA. Cotreatment of HepG2 human hepatoma cells with the proteasome inhibitor N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleu-al did not prevent the ACR-induced decrease in cyclin D1 protein, in contrast to the protective effect of N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleu-al on the cyclin D1 protein in cells treated with all-trans-retinoic acid. In transient transfection reporter assays, ACR, but not all-trans-retinoic acid, inhibited transcription from the cyclin D1 promoter. As reported previously in colon carcinoma cells, we found that in hepatoma cells, cyclin D1 promoter activity is markedly stimulated by the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway. Nevertheless, even in the presence of excess beta-catenin, ACR markedly inhibited the transcriptional activity of the cyclin D1 promoter. This is the first systematic study of the inhibitory effects of ACR, or any other retinoid compound, on beta-catenin/T-cell factor-stimulated cyclin D1 promoter activity in human tumor cells. These novel effects of ACR provide further evidence that ACR may be a valuable agent in the chemoprevention and therapy of hepatoma and possibly other human malignancies.
The effect of long-term laboratory aging on asphalt concrete fracture energy (2009)

This paper describes how pavement age over time from the effects of the environment and traffic loads. This study was conducted to examine asphalt mixture laboratory aging protocols from the standpoint of both mixture and binder physical properties that are believed to relate to various forms of pavement cracking. The new protocol, aging uncompacted mix at 135°C for 24-hours appeared to give more realistic results compared to the AASHTO R30 long-term aging procedure in regards to compliance and tensile strength for the unmodified MnROAD Cell 33 mixture. The results of this paper suggest that the R30 procedure may not be severe enough on the basis of mixture fracture properties (using the Disk-Shaped Compact Tension Test), but appears to be conservative with respect to the aging of the binders on the basis of testing of the recovered binder through the Double-Edge Notched Tension Test, the Direct Tension Test, and the Bending Beam Rheometer. This paper also found that the proposed 24-hour, 135°C loose mix aging procedure may be slightly conservative with respect to mixture fracture behavior, but overly conservative (too much aging) on the basis of testing of the recovered binders. This study highlights the potential danger in selecting an aging procedure or conditioning parameters based upon binder or mixture testing alone. It also recommends that more polymer modified mixtures be investigated, as it may be necessary to develop a separate aging protocol for unmodified and modified asphalt concrete mixtures.
How DNS misnaming distorts internet topology mapping (2006)

Network researchers commonly use reverse DNS lookups of router names to provide geographic or topological information that would otherwise be difficult to obtain. By systematically examining a large ISP, we find that some of these names are incorrect. We develop techniques to automatically identify these misnamings, and determine the actual locations, which we validate against the configuration of the ISP’s routers. While the actual number of misnamings is small, these errors induce a large number of false links in the inferred connectivity graph. We also measure the effects on path inflation, and find that the misnamings make path inflation and routing problems appear much worse than they actually are. 1
An Efficient Scheme for User Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

This paper presents a distributed user authentication scheme in wireless sensor networks. Our scheme is based on the self-certified keys cryptosystem (SCK), and we have modified it to use elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) to establish pair-wise keys for use in our user authentication scheme. The proposed scheme imposes very light computational and communication overhead, and our analysis also shows that our scheme is feasible for the real wireless sensor network applications.
Downstream effects on human low density lipoprotein of homocysteine exported from endothelial cells in an in vitro system (2004)

A model system is presented using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate the role of homocysteine (Hcy) in atherosclerosis. HUVECs are shown to export Hcy at a rate determined by the flux through the methionine/Hcy pathway. Additional methionine increases intracellular methionine, decreases intracellular folate, and increases Hcy export, whereas additional folate inhibits export. An inverse relationship exists between intracellular folate and Hcy export. Hcy export may be regulated by intracellular S-adenosyl methionine rather than by Hcy. Human LDLs exposed to HUVECs exporting Hcy undergo time-related lipid oxidation, a process inhibited by the thiol trap dithionitrobenzoate. This is likely to be related to the generation of hydroxyl radicals, which we show are associated with Hcy export. Although Hcy is the major oxidant, cysteine also contributes, as shown by the effect of glutamate. Finally, the LDL oxidized in this system showed a time-dependent increase in uptake by human macrophages, implying an upregulation of the scavenger receptor. These results suggest that continuous export of Hcy from endothelial cells contributes to the generation of extracellular hydroxyl radicals, with associated oxidative modification of LDL and incorporation into macrophages, a key step in atherosclerosis. Factors that regulate intracellular Hcy metabolism modulate these effects.
Bandwidth of cross talk in Raman amplifiers (1994)

Fiber amplifiers based on stimulated Kaman :scattering (SRS) have been proposed for applications in wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) communication systems because they have the potential for distributed gain, large bandwidth, and low noise.1 The performance of an intensity-modulated WDM system using Raman amplifiers, however, may be limited by the cross talk between the channels.
Fiber four-wave mixing source for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy (2012)

We present a fiber-format picosecond light source for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy. Pulses from a Yb-doped fiber amplifier are frequency converted by four-wave mixing (FWM) in normal-dispersion photonic crystal fiber to produce a synchronized two-color picosecond pulse train. We show that seeding the FWM process overcomes the deleterious effects of group-velocity mismatch and allows efficient conversion into narrow frequency bands. The source generates more than 160 mW of nearly transform-limited pulses tunable from 775 to 815 nm. High-quality coherent Raman images of animal tissues and cells acquired with this source are presented.
Menopause and Patient Management (2004)

Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York Correspondence: Michelle P. Warren, MD, Department of Ob-Gyn, Columbia University, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032. E-mail: [email protected]