gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The sharable content object reference model (SCORM) - a critical review (2003)

Learning technology standards are increasingly gaining in importance in the field of Web-based teaching. At present, two standards dominating the market are taking shape. These are the SCORM standard of the ADL initiative and the AICC standard of the AICC organization. Based on the AICC and LOM meta data standards, the SCORM standard stands the chance to become the standard dominating the market. A number of restrictions are involved with the SCORM standard, though. The article shows general deficiencies of the SCORM standard that are critical concerning the market value of SCOs, the process of producing WBTs on the basis of different SCO providers, the maintenance of SCOs and WBTs (consisting of several SCOs), and the quality of WBTs based on SCOs of different providers.
Neverland: Lightweight Hardware Extensions for Enforcing Operating System Integrity (2019)

The security of applications hinges on the trustworthiness of the operating system, as applications rely on the OS to protect code and data. As a result, multiple protections for safeguarding the integrity of kernel code and data are being continuously proposed and deployed. These existing protections, however, are far from ideal as they either provide partial protection, or require complex and high overhead hardware and software stacks. In this work, we present Neverland: a low-overhead, hardware-assisted, memory protection scheme that safeguards the operating system from rootkits and kernel-mode malware. Once the system is done booting, Neverland's hardware takes away the operating system's ability to overwrite certain configuration registers, as well as portions of its own physical address space that contain kernel code and security-critical data. Furthermore, it prohibits the CPU from fetching privileged code from any memory region lying outside the physical addresses assigned to the OS kernel and drivers (regardless of virtual page permissions). This combination of protections makes it extremely hard for an attacker to tamper with the kernel or introduce new privileged code into the system -- even in the presence of kernel vulnerabilities. Our evaluations show that the extra hardware required to support these protections incurs minimal silicon and energy overheads. Neverland enables operating systems to reduce their attack surface without having to rely on complex integrity monitoring software or hardware.
The self-organising feature map in the detection of epileptiform transients in the EEG (2002)

A system is proposed which utilises Kohonen's self-organising feature map (SOFM) to help detect the presence of epileptiform transients in the EEG. The system consists of a feature extractor, which employs a mimetic approach to detect candidate epileptiform transients (CETs) on individual channels in the multichannel recording, followed by a trained SOFM. The SOFM system is proposed as a single channel module of a larger system to detect multichannel epileptiform events by incorporating the outputs of sixteen such modules. The SOFM was trained with CETs obtained from 16-channel bipolar EEG segments of nine patients and fine-tuned through Kohonen's learning vector quantisation technique (LVQ2). Measures of the sensitivity and specificity of the trained map were obtained by presenting a subset of CETs to the SOFM which had been graded by two to three electroencephalographers as being true or false. The results obtained show that the trained SOFM has a sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of 79% for a 16/spl times/16 SOFM.
Preparation and optical properties of Ga1−<i>x</i>In<i>x</i>N thin films (1975)

By the use of the electron beam plasma technique, it has been found that the solid solutions of Ga1−xInxN can be synthesized over the entire composition region. From the optical measurements, the direct energy gap at 78 °K was determined to be 3.46 eV for GaN and 2.11 eV for InN. Also its composition dependence was found to deviate downward from linearity. From the infrared reflectivity measurement and the resultant K-K dispersion analysis, the transverse optical frequencies for long-wavelength phonons of GaN and InN were 563 and 478 cm−1, respectively. The optical phonons in this quasibinary system were concluded to exhibit a one-mode–type behavior. The Brout sum rule was discussed for a large number of the diatomic crystals of ANB8−N type and its relation with respect to the reduced mass was derived as Σiω2i(k=0) =A μ−1.5. According to this relation, the longitudinal optical frequency of InN was deduced to be 694 cm−1. On the other hand, from the result of the annealing treatment for the solid-solution alloys and the theoretical consideration, it was pointed out that this quasibinary system has a solid-phase misibility gap in chemical equilibrium.
Cytokine Responses to CpG DNA in Human Leukocytes (2006)

Previous studies have implicated a role of bacterial DNA, containing unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) motifs, in the initiation of systemic inflammation. This is based on the ability of CpG-DNA to act in synergy with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to trigger tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) production in murine monocytes and to enhance LPS toxicity in rodents. In this study we investigated the capacity of CpG-DNA to trigger and modulate cytokine responses in human leukocytes. A human blood assay, as well as isolated cultures of monocytes and neutrophils, was exposed to the synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) CpG ODN (2006) and GpC ODN (2006-GC), alone or in combination with peptidoglycan or LPS. Plasma or supernatants were isolated and analyzed for TNFalpha, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), IL-6 and IL-8 by ELISA. In the blood, 2006 (but not 2006-GC) induced the release of TNFalpha (P < 0.05) and possibly IL-1beta and IL-6. IL-8 was induced in a CpG-independent manner. When co-administered with peptidoglycan, both ODNs enhanced the release of cytokines, but not consistently CpG dependent. When co-administered with LPS, only IL-8 values were enhanced, whereas IL-6 was suppressed at early time points. In monocyte and neutrophil cultures, CpG dependent induction of cytokine release was not observed. However, both ODNs inhibited LPS-induced IL-6. In conclusion, the capacity of CpG DNA to trigger the release of TNFalpha and to enhance LPS-induced release of this cytokine is confirmed in human whole blood, but not in adherent human monocytes. Most effects of the ODNs on cytokine release in human leukocytes were CpG independent.
BRONX DERMATOLOGICAL SOCIETY (1936)

Idiopathic Multiple Hemorrhagic Sarcoma (Kaposi). Presented byDr. G. D. Astrachan. J. G., a man aged 52, born in Italy, came to the dispensary of the Metropolitan Hospital because of an eruption on the feet and legs which had been present for six years. In 1934 the patient was confined for a time to the Metropolitan Hospital, where he received six roentgen treatments, which resulted in improvement of the condition. The eruption on the soles, dorsa of the feet and lower part of the legs is composed of scattered elevated lesions from the size of a pinhead to that of a pea; some of the lesions are indurated and present sizable nodules. On the lateral aspect of the right foot and on the medial side of the left foot are well defined, irregularly shaped, somewhat elevated reddish-blue palm-sized infiltrated plaques, the borders of which are dark blue and indurated. A
Onkologische Notfallsituationen: eine Auswahl (2006)

Krebspatienten stellen sowohl wegen ihres Grundleidens als auch bezuglich der Behandlung eine besonders heikle Patientengruppe dar. Unter einem onkologischen Notfall verstehen wir eine klinische Situation, die aufgrund eines Krebsleidens oder dessen Behandlung entstanden ist und ein rasches Eingreifen erfordert, weil sonst irreversible Schaden oder der Tod zu befurchten sind. Solche Falle sind zwar eher selten, konnen aber sowohl Grundversorgern als auch spezialisierten Onkologen oder Notfallarzten begegnen. Bei der Behandlung eines onkologischen Notfalls mussen – wie bei jedem medizinischen Notfall – stets die gesamte onkologische Situation (Art des Krebsleidens, bisherige Therapien), aber auch die Einstellung und die Wunsche des Patienten im Auge behalten werden. Es ist manchmal durchaus sinnvoll, die allgemeine Prognose des Grundleidens bei der Festlegung des weiteren Vorgehens in Rechnung zu stellen; keinesfalls durfen sich aber Massnahmen deswegen verzogern, denn es ist oftmals schwierig, die individuelle Prognose eines Patienten abzuschatzen. In vielen Notfallsituationen, etwa bei einer Atemwegobstruktion, einer massiven Hamoptyse oder einem thromboembolischen Geschehen, ist die Diagnose ziemlich eindeutig. Es gibt aber auch zahlreiche Falle, in denen die Diagnosestellung schwieriger ist und erhebliche Risiken fur die Lebensqualitat des Patienten auf dem Spiel stehen. Einige dieser Situationen, bei denen die Gefahr besteht, dass sie zu spat erkannt und behandelt werden, mochten wir im folgenden naher betrachten, namlich die Ruckenmarkkompression, die Hyperkalzamie, die Hirndrucksymptomatik, das Vena-cava-superior-Syndrom sowie die Herztamponade.
Energy-efficient, application-aware medium access for sensor networks (2005)

We introduce FLAMA (flow-aware medium access), an energy-efficient medium-access control (MAC) protocol designed for wireless sensor networks. FLAMA achieves energy efficiency by preventing idle listening, data collisions and transmissions to a node that is not ready to receive packets. It adapts medium access schedules to the traffic flows exhibited by the application. FLAMA is simple enough so that it can be run by nodes with limited processing, memory, communication, and power capabilities. We evaluate the performance of FLAMA through simulations and test-bed experimentation. Simulation results indicate that, in terms of reliability, queuing delay and energy savings, FLAMA outperforms TRAMA, the first traffic-adaptive, schedule-based MAC proposed for sensor networks, and S-MAC, a contention-based energy-efficient MAC. FLAMA achieves significantly smaller delays (up to 75 times) when compared to TRAMA with significant improvement in energy savings and reliability, demonstrating the importance of application awareness in medium access scheduling. Our simulation and test-bed results show that FLAMA achieves better end-to-end reliability with significant energy savings compared to S-MAC.
Understanding speech in modulated interference: Cochlear implant users and normal-hearing listeners (2003)

Many competing noises in real environments are modulated or fluctuating in level. Listeners with normal hearing are able to take advantage of temporal gaps in fluctuating maskers. Listeners with sensorineural hearing loss show less benefit from modulated maskers. Cochlear implant users may be more adversely affected by modulated maskers because of their limited spectral resolution and by their reliance on envelope-based signal-processing strategies of implant processors. The current study evaluated cochlear implant users' ability to understand sentences in the presence of modulated speech-shaped noise. Normal-hearing listeners served as a comparison group. Listeners repeated IEEE sentences in quiet, steady noise, and modulated noise maskers. Maskers were presented at varying signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) at six modulation rates varying from 1 to 32 Hz. Results suggested that normal-hearing listeners obtain significant release from masking from modulated maskers, especially at 8-Hz masker modulation frequency. In contrast, cochlear implant users experience very little release from masking from modulated maskers. The data suggest, in fact, that they may show negative effects of modulated maskers at syllabic modulation rates (2-4 Hz). Similar patterns of results were obtained from implant listeners using three different devices with different speech-processor strategies. The lack of release from masking occurs in implant listeners independent of their device characteristics, and may be attributable to the nature of implant processing strategies and/or the lack of spectral detail in processed stimuli.
Social Investigation and Rural England, 1870-1914 (2004)

mentioned above.Perhaps the book is a little less original, and a little less important, than its author suggests.Even the emerging "new Darwinism" that Stack is determined to resist tums out to be the product of handful of academics, with an e-mail address at the London School of Economics.Behind all this, Stack has a point.His work is part of a developing attempt to see British Socialism in a new light, to show how intellectual ideas permeated into party politics and into a broader party culture.
Stability analysis and H/sub ∞/ control for time-delay systems (2002)

Delay-independent stability for linear time-delay systems is analyzed using the structured singular value concept. We show that the delays can be viewed as repeated scalar uncertainty blocks for a 'nominal' plant, and the stability analysis converts to checking the structured singular value of the nominal plant with respect to a specially constructed uncertainty structure. When the system is not stable and independent of delays, we propose a method to compute the maximum tolerable delay for which the system remains stable. Finally, the H/sub /spl infin// control problem for time-delay systems is discussed and shown to be equivalent to a /spl mu/-synthesis problem. The results show that we can use the /spl mu/-approach to analyze and design for time-delay systems.
Nontypical Syphilitic Chancres (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Primary lesions of syphilis are typically described as solitary, painless, round-to-oval, ulcerated papules with firmly indurated borders. If the ulcers are covered with crust, removal of this crust will reveal a clean granulating base. Reference texts often state that multiple chancres may be seen, but are unusual.<sup>1,2</sup> Because a number of patients have come to us with nonclassic chancres, we serially examined male patients with penile ulcers during a six-month period (October 1979 to March 1980) to determine what constituted the typical chancre. Sixty-three male patients were included in the series based on positive darkfield examinations. Chancres were evaluated for multiplicity of lesions, pain on manipulation, purulent exudate, and lack of firm induration. Thirty-three patients (52.4%) had multiple chancres. The average number of lesions was 2.5, with a range of one to six. Substantial pain on palpation was noted in 26 (45.6%) of 57 patients, purulent
BER analysis of dual-carrier modulation (DCM) over Rayleigh fading channel (2010)

In this paper, we consider a dual carrier modulation (DCM) which is employed in multi-band orthogonal frequency multiplexing (OFDM) ultra wide-band (UWB) system. DCM transforms two QPSK symbols to two 16-QAM symbols with different bit-to-symbol mappings. We find that the basic idea of DCM is the same as that of the rotation code. More specifically, both the rotation code and DCM can provide not only diversity gain by symbol repetition in the time or frequency domain, respectively but also coding gain by constellation rearrangement. We find that these features allow to derive the tight upper bound on the bit error rate (BER) of DCM over the Rayleigh fading channel. We show that our analysis is virtually identical to simulation results over the acceptable range of E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> , e.g., higher than 4dB.
Depletion of Key Meiotic Genes and Transcriptome-Wide Abiotic Stress Reprogramming Mark Early Preparatory Events Ahead of Apomeiotic Transition (2016)

Molecular dissection of apomixis - an asexual reproductive mode - is anticipated to solve the enigma of loss of meiotic sex, and to help fixing elite agronomic traits. The Brassicaceae genus <i>Boechera</i> comprises of both sexual and apomictic species, permitting comparative analyses of meiotic circumvention (apomeiosis) and parthenogenesis. Whereas previous studies reported local transcriptome changes during these events, it remained unclear whether global changes associated with hybridization, polyploidy and environmental adaptation that arose during evolution of <i>Boechera</i> might serve as (epi)genetic regulators of early development prior apomictic initiation. To identify these signatures during vegetative stages, we compared seedling RNA-seq transcriptomes of an obligate triploid apomict and a diploid sexual, both isolated from a drought-prone habitat. Uncovered were several genes differentially expressed between sexual and apomictic seedlings, including homologs of meiotic genes <i>ASYNAPTIC 1</i> (<i>ASY1</i>) and <i>MULTIPOLAR SPINDLE 1</i> (<i>MPS1</i>) that were down-regulated in apomicts. An intriguing class of apomict-specific deregulated genes included several NAC transcription factors, homologs of which are known to be transcriptionally reprogrammed during abiotic stress in other plants. Deregulation of both meiotic and stress-response genes during seedling stages might possibly be important in preparation for meiotic circumvention, as similar transcriptional alteration was discernible in apomeiotic floral buds too. Furthermore, we noted that the apomict showed better tolerance to osmotic stress <i>in vitro</i> than the sexual, in conjunction with significant upregulation of a subset of NAC genes. In support of the current model that DNA methylation epigenetically regulates stress, ploidy, hybridization and apomixis, we noted that <i>ASY1, MPS1</i> and <i>NAC019</i> homologs were deregulated in <i>Boechera</i> seedlings upon DNA demethylation, and <i>ASY1</i> in particular seems to be repressed by global DNA methylation exclusively in the apomicts. Variability in stress and transcriptional response in a diploid apomict, which is geographically distinct from the triploid apomict, pinpoints both common and independent features of apomixis evolution. Our study provides a molecular frame-work to investigate how the adaptive traits associated with the evolutionary history of apomicts co-adapted with meiotic gene deregulation at early developmental stage, in order to predate meiotic recombination, which otherwise is thought to be favorable in stress and low-fitness conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Evaluation of Certain Thienopyrimidine Derivatives. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and Synthesis of C-2 Substituted Thiazolo and Dihydrothiazolo Ring-Fused 2-Pyridones: Pilicides with Increased Antivirulence Activity (2010)

Pilicides block pili formation by binding to pilus chaperones and blocking their function in the chaperone/usher pathway in E. coli. Various C-2 substituents were introduced on the pilicide scaffold by design and synthetic method developments. Experimental evaluation showed that proper substitution of this position affected the biological activity of the compound. Aryl substituents resulted in pilicides with significantly increased potencies as measured in pili-dependent biofilm and hemagglutination assays. The structural basis of the PapD chaperone-pilicide interactions was determined by X-ray crystallography.
Interventional MRA using actively visualized catheters, TrueFISP, and real‐time image fusion (2002)

An integrated system for performing interventional magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with actively visualized instruments and real-time image fusion was implemented on a 1.5 T scanner. True fast imaging with steady precession (TrueFISP) imaging provided high acquisition speed paired with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for the simultaneous visualization of active instruments and arterial morphology. The system enabled simultaneous image reconstruction and image postprocessing of multiple receiver channels, with subsequent image fusion display in real time. Optional interleaved image acquisition in two planes provided additional important information for biplanar instrument guidance. Various vascular interventions, including selective catheterization and subsequent selective MRA of the abdominal aorta, renal arteries, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), hepatic artery, and aortic arch, were performed on 10 pigs under MR guidance. In terms of instrument contrast, image acquisition, reconstruction, and fusion speed, the setup represents a powerful platform for performing interventional MRA procedures.
Viability and longevity of pollen from transgenic and nontransgenic tall fescue (<i>Festuca arundinacea</i>) (Poaceae) plants (2004)

Pollen is an important vector of gene flow in plants, particularly for outcrossing species like tall fescue. Several aspects of pollination biology were investigated using pollen from transgenic and nontransgenic plants of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), the most important forage species worldwide of the Festuca genus. To effectively assess in vitro pollen viability in tall fescue, an optimized germination medium (0.8 mol/L sucrose, 1.28 mmol/L boric acid and 1.27 mmol/L calcium nitrate) was developed. Treatment with relatively high temperatures (36° and 40°C) and high doses of UV-B irradiation (900-1500 μW/cm(2)) reduced pollen viability, while relative humidity did not significantly influence pollen viability. Viability of pollen from transgenic progenies (T1 and T2) was similar to that from seed-derived control plants. Pollen from primary transgenics (T0) and primary regenerants (R0) had various levels of viability. Hand pollination using the primary regenerants and transgenics revealed that no seed set could be obtained when pollen viability was lower than 5%. Pollen from transgenic progenies and nontransgenic control plants could survive up to 22 h under controlled conditions in growth chamber. However, under sunny atmospheric conditions, viability of transgenic and nontransgenic pollen reduced to 5% in 30 min, with a complete loss of viability in 90 min. Under cloudy atmospheric conditions, pollen remained viable up to 240 min, with about 5% viability after 150 min. This report is the first on pollen viability and longevity in transgenic forage grasses and could be useful for risk assessment of transgenic plants.
Development of Bond Strength of Reinforcement Steel in Self-Consolidating Concrete (2003)

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