gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[ <sup>18</sup> F]FHPG Positron Emission Tomography for Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) in Experimental HSV Encephalitis (2005)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is one of the most common causes of sporadic encephalitis. The initial clinical course of HSV encephalitis (HSE) is highly variable, and the infection may be rapidly fatal. For effective treatment with antiviral medication, an early diagnosis of HSE is crucial. Subtle brain infections with HSV may be causally related to neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's dementia. We investigated the feasibility of a noninvasive positron emission tomography (PET) imaging technique using [(18)F]FHPG as a tracer for the detection of HSE. For this purpose, rats received HSV-1 (infected group) or phosphate-buffered saline (control group) by intranasal application, and dynamic PET scans were acquired. In addition, the distribution of tracer accumulation in specific brain areas was studied with phosphor storage imaging. The PET images revealed that the overall brain uptake of [(18)F]FHPG was significantly higher for the infected group than for control animals. Phosphor storage images showed an enhanced accumulation of [(18)F]FHPG in regions known to be affected after intranasal infection with HSV. High-performance liquid chromatography metabolite analysis showed phosphorylated metabolites of [(18)F]FHPG in infected brains, proving that the increased [(18)F]FHPG uptake in infected brains was due to HSV thymidine kinase-mediated trapping. Freeze lesion experiments showed that damage to the blood-brain barrier could in principle induce elevated [(18)F]FHPG uptake, but this nonspecific tracer uptake could easily be discriminated from HSE-derived uptake by differences in the tracer kinetics. Our results show that [(18)F]FHPG PET is a promising tool for the detection of HSV encephalitis.
Dissociation of the effects of the antitumour ether lipid ET‐18‐OCH<sub>3</sub> on cytosolic calcium and on apoptosis (1997)

1. We have compared the effects of 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OCH3) on the cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and on apoptosis in several normal and leukaemia cells, including human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), U937 cells, and undifferentiated as well as dimethylsulphoxide-differentiated HL60 cells (uHL60 and dHL60, respectively). 2. ET-18-OCH3 produced apoptosis, as evidenced by DNA degradation into oligonucleosome-size fragments, in U937 and uHL60 cells, but not in dHL60 cells or PMNs. 3. ET-18-OCH3 induced an increase in [Ca2+]i mediated through the platelet-activating factor (PAF) receptor in U937, dHL60 cells and PMNs, as shown by cross-desensitization experiments and by prevention of the [Ca2+]i changes by the PAF antagonist WEB-2170. The EC50 values for the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by PAF and ET-18-OCH3 were 5 x 10(-11) and 2.5 x 10(-7) M, respectively. In uHL60 cells the effect of ET-18-OCH3 on [Ca2+]i was very small and was not affected by WEB-2170. 4. PAF did not produce apoptosis in any of the cell types tested. WEB-2170 did not prevent the apoptosis induced by ET-18-OCH3. 5. The uptake of [3H]-ET-18-OCH3 was much larger in U937 and uHL60 cells than in dHL60 cells and PMNs. 6. Our results indicate that the apoptotic effect of ET-18-OCH3 is not related to the changes in [Ca2+]i, effected by interaction with plasma membrane PAF receptors, but to other actions which are associated with the uptake of this drug into the cells.
THE FLAGELLATION AND TAXONOMY OF GENERA GLUCONOBACTER AND ACETOBACTER WITH REFERENCE TO THE EXISTENCE OF INTERMEDIATE STRAINS (1964)

Fifty strains of acetic acid bacteria including closely related strains were taxonomically studied.Except for five brown pigment-producing strains, they were appropriately divided into two separate genera Gluconobacter and Acetobacter mainly in accordance with the flagellation and the oxidative behavior towards acetate and lactate. Thus the differentiation of acetic acid bacteria into two separate genera Gluconobacter and Acetobacter which was firstly proposed by ASAI was again verified. Species characterization within each genus of acetic acid bacteria was discussed and considered to be unreliable.An amendment was added to the previous publication concerning the flagellation of brown pigment-producing three strains, i, e., G. liquefaeiens G-1 (IAM 1834), G. melanogenus AC-8 (IAM 1835) and G. melanogenus U-4 (IAM 1836). They were confirmed to be peritrichous, not polar, and therefore were excluded from genus Gluconobacter.A remarkable mutation transforming from non-acetate oxidizing strain into acetate oxidizing one during the long periods of preservation in the laboratory was presented in the case with G. liquefaciens G-1 (IAM 1834).A new finding concerning the existence of polarly flagellated, . acetate-and lactate-oxidizing brown pigment-producing strains was also presented. Accordingly we have at present two different types of brown pigment-producing and acetate- and lactate-oxidizing strains besides G. melanogenus (Beijerinck) Asai (Syn. A, melanogenus Beijerinck); one is characterized by peritrichous flagellation and the other is characterized by polar flagellation.The generic situation of those organisms was discussed and was decided temporarily as "intermediate" strains neither assignable to genus Gluconobacter nor to genus Acetobacter.Phylogenetic relationship of genera Gluconobacter and Acetobacter with reference to the "intermediate" strains was also discussed.
Nucleic acid derived allenols. Unusual analogs of nucleosides with antiretroviral activity (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleic acid derived allenols. Unusual analogs of nucleosides with antiretroviral activityShashikant Phadtare and Jiri ZemlickaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 15, 5925–5931Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00197a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00197a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views560Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Full auto-calibration of a smartphone on board a vehicle using IMU and GPS embedded sensors (2013)

Nowadays, smartphones are widely used in the world, and generally, they are equipped with many sensors. In this paper we study how powerful the low-cost embedded IMU and GPS could become for Intelligent Vehicles. The information given by accelerometer and gyroscope is useful if the relations between the smartphone reference system, the vehicle reference system and the world reference system are known. Commonly, the magnetometer sensor is used to determine the orientation of the smartphone, but its main drawback is the high influence of electromagnetic interference. In view of this, we propose a novel automatic method to calibrate a smartphone on board a vehicle using its embedded IMU and GPS, based on longitudinal vehicle acceleration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to estimate the yaw angle of a smartphone relative to a vehicle in every case, even on non-zero slope roads. Furthermore, in order to decrease the impact of IMU noise, an algorithm based on Kalman Filter and fitting a mixture of Gaussians is introduced. The results show that the system achieves high accuracy, the typical error is 1%, and is immune to electromagnetic interference.
Tracking and stepping control of the tip position of a scanning tunneling microscope by referring to atomic points and arrays on a regular crystalline surface (1999)

In this article tracking and stepping control of the tip position of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) by referring to atomic points and arrays on a regular crystalline surface which is used as a two-dimensional reference scale is described. Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) crystal, whose lattice spacing is approximately 0.25 nm, was used as the reference. To utilize the topographic features on the crystalline surface as a reference, a method for determining two-dimensional lateral gradient signals, i.e., the X, and Y axes gradient signals, of the crystalline surface was applied to the control. A rigid STM consisting of a tip scanner and a sample XY stage, and control instruments were developed. The X and Y axes gradient signals were obtained simultaneously using two-phase lock-in modulations of a tunneling current modulated with circular dither motion applied to the tip XY scanner. Modulation frequency and amplitude of the tip were 1 kHz and less than 0.04 nm, respectively. The sample XY stage was controlled for tip positioning by feedback of the X and Y axis gradient signals. First, the tracking control of the STM tip onto an atomic point of the HOPG surface for a maximum duration of about 10 min was performed. Second, tracking and motion control of the STM tip along a crystalline axis of the HOPG surface was demonstrated. The STM tip continued “back and forth” motion along the crystalline axis of the HOPG surface for a maximum duration of 200 s with a maximum tip speed of 6 nm/s. The maximum displacement deviation from the crystalline axis was less than 1/3 lattice spacing (∼0.08 nm). Third, the quantized stepping of the STM tip with lattice spacing stepping with a repetitive rate of 0.5 Hz along the crystalline axis was examined. The maximum displacement deviation from the crystalline axis was less than 1/2 lattice spacing (∼0.12 nm). The feasibility of tracking and stepping control of the STM tip position by referring to atomic points and arrays was confirmed, and the proposed method can be applied to real-time length measurement with subnanometer resolution using a regular crystalline lattice.
Asthma in children (1989)

The scale of the problem, increase in incidence, under-treatment, and the effects of asthma on the child and family, are examined by Greta Barnes of the asthma society training centre
Inhibition of the influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase by antisera directed against the carboxy-terminal region of the PB2 subunit (1996)

The influenza virus RNA polymerase consists of a heterotrimeric complex of the PB1, PB2 and PA proteins, with the PB2 subunit responsible for recognizing 5' cap structures on the host cell RNAs used as primers for virus mRNA synthesis. To investigate further the role PB2 plays in mRNA synthesis, a set of polyclonal antisera raised against defined regions of the protein were tested for their ability to inhibit the virion transcriptase. All five sera were of sufficient titre to immunoprecipitate PB2 and four were capable of recognizing polymerase complexes containing PB1 and PA. However, only the serum raised against the carboxy terminus of PB2 (F5) substantially inhibited polymerase activity. This serum drastically reduced synthesis primed by globin mRNA, but only partially inhibited transcription primed by the dinucleotide ApG, or ApG and cap analogue. The preferential inhibition of globin-primed synthesis did not result from interference with cap recognition, as serum F5 did not reduce labelling of PB2 in a photoaffinity cap-binding assay. However, IgG and Fab fragments from F5 were found to inhibit virion endonuclease activity. This suggests that the C terminus of PB2 plays a crucial role in transcription initiation and implicates PB2 in endonuclease activity.
Maternal High-Fat Diet Effects on Third-Generation Female Body Size via the Paternal Lineage (2011)

The health consequences of in utero exposure to maternal obesity on future generations are concerning because they contribute to increased rates of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. We previously reported that maternal high-fat diet exposure in mice resulted in an increase in body size and reduced insulin sensitivity that persisted across two generations via both maternal and paternal lineages. However, because the first generation's primordial germ cells may be affected by gestational exposure, analysis of phenotype transmission into a third generation (F3) is necessary to determine whether stable epigenetic programming has occurred. Therefore, we have examined the body size and insulin sensitivity of male and female F3 offspring. We found that only females displayed the increased body size phenotype, and this effect was only passed on via the paternal lineage. The finding of a paternally transmitted phenotype to F3 female offspring supports a stable germline-based transgenerational mode of inheritance; thus we hypothesized that imprinted genes may be involved in this epigenetic programming. Using a quantitative TaqMan Array for imprinted genes to examine paternally or maternally expressed loci in F3 female livers, we detected a potential dynamic pattern of paternally expressed genes from the paternal lineage that was not noted in the maternal lineage. These findings suggest that the environmental influence on developmental regulation of growth and body size may be the result of broad programming events at imprinted loci, thereby providing sex specificity to both the transmission and inheritance of traits related to disease predisposition.
Optimal pooling strategies for laboratory testing (2010)

We consider the optimal strategy for laboratory testing of biological samples when we wish to know the results for each sample rather than the average prevalence of positive samples. If the proportion of positive samples is low considerable resources may be devoted to testing samples most of which are negative. An attractive strategy is to pool samples. If the pooled samples test positive one must then test the individual samples, otherwise they can all be assumed to be negative. The pool should be big enough to reduce the number of tests but not so big that the pooled samples are almost all positive. We show that if the prevalence of positive samples is greater than 30% it is never worth pooling. From 30% down to 1% pools of size 4 are close to optimal. Below 1% substantial gains can be made by pooling, especially if the samples are pooled twice. However, with large pools the sensitivity of the test will fall correspondingly and this must be taken into consideration. We derive simple expressions for the optimal pool size and for the corresponding proportion of samples tested.
Bortezomib in the management of multiple myeloma (2009)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by clonal expansion of plasma cells within the bone marrow, the presence of a serum and/or urine monoclonal protein, lytic bone lesions, and anemia. On a cellular level, the disease is characterized by complex interactions between tumor cells and the surrounding bone marrow microenvironment. Understanding of the relationship between malignant plasma cells and the microenvironment has sparked ongoing efforts to develop targeted therapeutic agents for treatment of this disease. The successful development of the first-in-class small-molecule proteasome inhibitor bortezomib occurred as a result of these efforts. This review focuses on the rationale for bortezomib therapy in the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed MM, important treatment-related side effects, and future directions for use of bortezomib and other, emerging proteasome inhibitors.
GENOMIC HLA-DR COMPATIBILITY IN LONG-TERM SURVIVING RECIPIENTS OF CADAVER KIDNEY TRANSPLANTS (1993)

The finding that HLA-DR compatibility assessed by DNA typing correlates with short-term graft outcome better than serology prompted us to study the degree of genomic HLA-DR compatibility on 55 patients with a graft functioning for more than 10 years (group A), compared with 82 patients with more recent transplants regardless of survival (group B). Because adequate blood donor samples were not available for group A long-term survivors, we used donor renal cells obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy as a source of DNA. We found that in long-term survivors, the distribution of HLA-DR mismatches was significantly different from that observed in group B patients. In particular, whereas a similar proportion of patients with 1 mismatch was seen in both groups, 27.3% of group A patients vs. 6.1% of group B patients had no mismatch, and 23.6% of group A vs. 41.5% of group B patients received transplants with no HLA-DR compatibility (P = 0.001). We also investigated a possible correlation between number of incompatibilities and graft function. Well-matched patients received less steroid pulses than less well-matched recipients, and steroid-resistant rejection episodes were more common among less well-matched recipients. These results suggest a prognostic role of genomic HLA-DR compatibility on long-term success of cadaver kidney transplantation.
Identification of Second-Site Mutations That Enhance Release and Spread of Vaccinia Virus (2002)

The spread of most strains of vaccinia virus in cell monolayers occurs predominantly via extracellular enveloped virions that adhere to the tips of actin-containing microvilli and to a lesser extent via diffusion of released virions. The mechanism by which virions adhere to the cell surface is unknown, although several viral proteins may be involved. The present investigation was initiated with the following premise: spontaneous mutations that increase virus release will be naturally selected by propagating a virus unable to spread by means of actin tails. Starting with an A36R deletion mutant that forms small, round plaques, five independent virus clones with enhanced spread due to the formation of comet or satellite plaques were isolated. The viral membrane glycoprotein genes of the isolates were sequenced; four had mutations causing C-terminal truncations of the A33R protein, and one had a serine replacing proline 189 of the B5R protein. The comet-forming phenotype was specifically reproduced or reversed by homologous recombination using DNA containing the mutated or natural sequence, respectively. Considerably more extracellular enveloped virus was released into the medium by the second-site mutants than by the parental A36R deletion mutant, explaining their selection in tissue culture as well as their comet-forming phenotype. The data suggest that the B5R protein and the C-terminal region of the A33R protein are involved in adherence of cell-associated enveloped virions to cells. In spite of their selective advantage in cultured cells, the second-site mutants were not detectably more virulent than the A36R deletion mutant when administered to mice by the intranasal route.
Variable-precision multiplier for equalizer with adaptive modulation (2004)

The impact of word length in a least-mean-square (LMS) equalized adaptive demodulator is studied. Analytic and simulation results show that there exists an optimal word length implementation for LMS equalizer for each modulation scheme. Increasing the word length beyond this point does little to improve performance. In order to achieve an optimal power/performance ratio, a variable word length datapath solution is needed for different modulation types. A basic building block of this kind of datapath, a variable-precision multiplier using dynamic voltage scaling (DVS), and gating technique are proposed. Simulation results show that a LMS equalizer based on a variable-precision multiplier can produce an 85% power reduction without performance or throughput penalties.
The BRC repeats of human BRCA2 differentially regulate RAD51 binding on single- versus double-stranded DNA to stimulate strand exchange (2009)

The breast and ovarian cancer suppressor BRCA2 controls the enzyme RAD51 during homologous DNA recombination (HDR) to preserve genome stability. BRCA2 binds to RAD51 through 8 conserved BRC repeat motifs dispersed in an 1127-residue region (BRCA2([BRC1-8])). Here, we show that BRCA2([BRC1-8]) exerts opposing effects on the binding of RAD51 to single-stranded (ss) versus double-stranded (ds) DNA substrates, enhancing strand exchange. BRCA2([BRC1-8]) alters the electrophoretic mobility of RAD51 bound to an ssDNA substrate, accompanied by an increase in ssDNA-bound protein assemblies, revealed by electron microscopy. Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy shows that BRCA2([BRC1-8]) promotes RAD51 loading onto ssDNA. In contrast, BRCA2([BRC1-8]) has a different effect on RAD51 assembly on dsDNA; it suppresses and slows this process. When homologous ssDNA and dsDNA are both present, BRCA2([BRC1-8]) stimulates strand exchange, with delayed RAD51 loading onto dsDNA accompanying the appearance of joint molecules representing recombination products. Collectively, our findings suggest that BRCA2([BRC1-8]) targets RAD51 to ssDNA while inhibiting dsDNA binding and that these contrasting activities together bolster one another to stimulate HDR. Our work provides fresh insight into the mechanism of HDR in humans, and its regulation by the BRCA2 tumor suppressor.
Mirror Substrate Fabrication Techniques Of Low Expansion Glasses (1989)

Low expansion glasses offer many advantages as mirror blank materials due to their thermal and mechanical properties as well as the flexility they offer in design and fabrication. Fused Silica, Corning Code 7940 and ULE titanium silicate, Code 7971, produced by the flame hydrolysis process, are high purity and homogeneous glasses. Determination of the average and the variation pattern of ghe Coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) within ULE mirror blanks (nominally 0 x 10 /°C over the 5°C to 35°C temperature interval) is readily accomplished to an accuracy of + 2 parts per billion per degree centigrade (ppb/°C) by ultrasonic measurements. The ability to fusion seal each of the glasses offers mirror manufacturing design freedom of shape, size and weight. Solid monolithic mirror blanks have been successfully manufactured by the hex-seal method up to 4 meters diameter and 10 meter blanks are an extension of the proven fusion techniques. Lightweight fusion bonded ULE mirrors, such as the primary used in the Hubble Space Telescope, are fabricated by first "welding" selected glass pieces together to form a structurally rigid core and then fusing it between two plates. Ultralightweight (10% solid weight) low expansion mirrors produced by "frit bonding" a fusion core between two precision machined plates, maintain an optical figure when exposed to thermal cycling and mechanical abuse environments.