gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of an oral potassium channel activator, BRL 38227, on airway function and responsiveness in asthmatic patients: comparison with oral salbutamol. (1993)

After a single oral dose of BRL 38227 no beneficial effect on airway function was detected, despite a high incidence of side effects, which indicates that the orally administered K+ channel activator BRL 38227 may not be useful in the management of asthma.
Identification and Characterization of the Pseudorabies Virus Tegument Proteins UL46 and UL47: Role for UL47 in Virion Morphogenesis in the Cytoplasm (2002)

Proteins encoded by the UL46 and UL47 genes of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) constitute major components of the viral tegument. However, their functions have so far not been elucidated in detail. By use of monospecific antisera directed against bacterially expressed glutathione-S-transferase fusion proteins, the homologous UL46 and UL47 proteins of the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus (PrV) were identified in virus-infected cells and in virions. The PrV UL46 gene product of 693 amino acids (aa) exhibits an apparent molecular mass of 95 kDa, whereas the UL47 product of 750 aa was identified as a 97-kDa protein. Both are present in purified virions, correlating with their role as tegument proteins. Immunofluorescence analysis by confocal laser scan microscopy showed that late in infection the UL46 product is detectable in the cytoplasm, whereas the UL47 product was observed to be diffuse in the cytoplasm and speckled in the nucleus. Virus mutants lacking either the UL46 or the UL47 gene or both were isolated on noncomplementing cells, demonstrating that these genes either singly or in combination are not required for productive viral replication. However, plaque sizes were decreased. Interestingly, in one-step growth analysis, UL47 deletion mutants exhibited an approximately 10-fold decrease in final titers, whereas the UL46 deletion mutant was not affected. This finding correlated with ultrastructural observations which showed unimpaired virion morphogenesis in the absence of the UL46 protein, whereas in the absence of the UL47 protein intracytoplasmic aggregates of partially tegumented capsids were observed. In summary, we identified the PrV UL46 and UL47 proteins and show that the UL47 protein plays an important role in virion assembly in the cytoplasm.
Linewidth-tolerant QPSK homodyne transmission using a polarization-multiplexed pilot carrier (2005)

Quadrature phase-shift keying homodyne transmission has been demonstrated using a polarization-multiplexed pilot carrier generated in a transmitter and a LiNbO/sub 3/-based hybrid module in a receiver for self-homodyne detection at 20 Gb/s. No degradation in receiver sensitivity was observed up to a linewidth of 30 MHz. Furthermore, we obtained error-free operation with a bit-error rate of less than 10/sup -11/. The proposed scheme can provide stable real-time multilevel modulation/demodulation formats, free from linewidth requirements, to enhance spectral efficiency.
Structure, function, and genetics of lipoprotein (a) (2016)

Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] has attracted the interest of researchers and physicians due to its intriguing properties, including an intragenic multiallelic copy number variation in the LPA gene and the strong association with coronary heart disease (CHD). This review summarizes present knowledge of the structure, function, and genetics of Lp(a) with emphasis on the molecular and population genetics of the Lp(a)/LPA trait, as well as aspects of genetic epidemiology. It highlights the role of genetics in establishing Lp(a) as a risk factor for CHD, but also discusses uncertainties, controversies, and lack of knowledge on several aspects of the genetic Lp(a) trait, not least its function.
Correlates between autoantibodies to nucleolar antigens and clinical features in patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) (1988)

Immunofluorescence on rat liver sections was used to select high-titer antinucleolar antibodies (ANoA) in the sera of patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). In 646 patients, 53 ANoA sera (8%) were identified, and of these, 46 were available in sufficient quantities for further analysis. The complex of RNA polymerase I was immunoprecipitated by 7 sera (15%), which uniformly produced punctate nucleolar staining. The PM-Scl antigen, a particle consisting of 11 polypeptides, was immunoprecipitated by 8 sera (17%), all of which displayed homogeneous nucleolar staining. A 34-kd nucleolar protein (fibrillarin) of the U3 RNP complex was positive in immunoblotting of 22 sera (48%), which characteristically produced clumpy nucleolar staining. Antibodies against RNA polymerase I were associated with diffuse scleroderma of short duration, which was characterized by a high prevalence of internal organ involvement, including renal crisis. Anti-U3 RNP antibodies had a high prevalence in men with significantly less joint involvement, compared with ANoA-negative patients. Anti-PM-Scl antibodies identified a group of scleroderma patients with a high prevalence of concomitant myositis and renal involvement.
Structural and morphological characterization of hemozoin produced by <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> and <i>Rhodnius prolixus</i> (2005)

Hemozoin (Hz) is a heme crystal produced upon the digestion of hemoglobin (Hb) by blood-feeding organisms as a main mechanism of heme disposal. The structure of Hz consists of heme dimers bound by reciprocal iron-carboxylate interactions and stabilized by hydrogen bonds. We have recently described heme crystals in the blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni, and in the kissing bug, Rhodnius prolixus. Here, we characterized the structures and morphologies of the heme crystals from those two organisms and compared them to synthetic beta-hematin (betaH). Synchrotron radiation X-ray powder diffraction showed that all heme crystals share the same unit cell and structure. The heme crystals isolated from S. mansoni and R. prolixus consisted of very regular units assembled in multicrystalline spherical structures exhibiting remarkably distinct surface morphologies compared to betaH. In both organisms, Hz formation occurs inside lipid droplet-like particles or in close association to phospholipid membranes. These results show, for the first time, the structural and morphological characterization of natural Hz samples obtained from these two blood-feeding organisms. Moreover, Hz formation occurring in close association to a hydrophobic environment seems to be a common trend for these organisms and may be crucial to produce very regular shaped phases, allowing the formation of multicrystalline assemblies in the guts of S. mansoni and R. prolixus.
Synthesis and Self-Assembly of Coil−Rod Double Hydrophilic Diblock Copolymer with Dually Responsive Asymmetric Centipede-Shaped Polymer Brush as the Rod Segment (2009)

We report on the synthesis and self-assembly of well-defined coil−rod double hydrophilic diblock copolymer with pH- and thermo-responsive asymmetric centipede-shaped polymer brush as the rod segment via a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and click chemistry (Schemes 1 and 2). At first, poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(glycidyl methacrylate), PEO-b-PGMA, was prepared by ATRP using PEO-based macroinitiator. The ring-opening of pendent epoxide moieties in PEO-b-PGMA with NaN3 followed by esterification with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide afforded multifunctional PEO-b-[PGMA-(N3)(Br)] bearing one azide and one bromine moieties on each monomer repeating unit of PGMA. The subsequent ATRP of 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate (MEO2MA) using PEO-b-[PGMA-(N3)(Br)] as the macroinitiator yielded PEO-b-[PGMA-g-(N3)(PMEO2MA)] coil−brush diblock copolymer possessing one residual azide moiety at each grafting site. Finally, the target coil−rod diblock copolymer with asymmetric centipede-shaped polymer brush as the rod segment, PEO-b-[PGMA-g-(PDEA)(PMEO2MA)], was obtained via the click reaction of PEO-b-[PGMA-g-(N3)(PMEO2MA)] with an excess of alkynyl-terminated poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (alkynyl-PDEA). All the intermediate and final products were characterized by 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that PEO-b-[PGMA-g-(PDEA)(PMEO2MA)] coil−rod diblock unimer chains adopt a wormlike conformation in aqueous solution at pH 4 and room temperature. Possessing pH-responsive PDEA and thermo-responsive PMEO2MA grafts arranged in an asymmetric centipede manner within the rod segment, PEO-b-[PGMA-g-(PDEA)(PMEO2MA)] self-assembles into two types spherical aggregates in aqueous solution, depending on solution pH and temperatures. The multiresponsive switching between wormlike unimers and two types of micellar aggregates were characterized by temperature-dependent optical transmittance, dynamic laser light scattering (LLS), AFM, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Modeling of horns for sonic/ultrasonic applications (1999)

JPL has a requirement for telerobotic tools for planetary sample acquisition, which require low power and have the ability to work in harsh environments. We are currently investigating the possibility of using ultrasonic horns to develop a family of ultrasonic tools for these environments. In an effort to determine control parameters a one-dimensional Mason's model for a stepped ultrasonic horn assembly was developed which includes the effects of mechanical and electrical losses in the piezoelectric material and acoustic elements. The model is separated into three regions; the piezoelectric stack including stress bolt, the backing layer and the horn. The model is found to predict the impedance data of the horn assembly very accurately up to the first coupled (radial) resonance. The model also allows for the calculation of the velocity and force and power delivered to each acoustic element. FEM modeling and accelerometer data from the horn tip were used to corroborate the model. The difficulties associated with modeling the load impedance of various devices will be discussed and current directions noted.
High resolution millimeter wave imaging of space shuttle external fuel tank spray-on foam insulation (2007)

The Space Shuttle Columbia's catastrophic structural failure was caused by a dislodged piece of spray-on foam insulation (SOFI) from the external fuel tank. Separation of SOFI pieces may be caused by the presence within the foam of anomalies such as voids, delaminations and disbonds. These unwanted discontinuities may occur during the spraying of the foam onto the external tank or may be due to post-spray damage. High spatial resolution millimeter wave nondestructive testing and imaging techniques have shown great potential and overall system utility for evaluating internal SOFI structures. This paper presents the basic design of a 150 GHz imaging reflectometer system and discusses the results of a critical investigation of the capabilities of this system that examined a SOFI panel with subtle embedded delaminations and voids without sharp boundaries, and another special panel possessing unknown natural discontinuities (the result of intentional manufacturing processes). Finally, the information obtained from the millimeter wave images was correlated with information obtained from post-imaging dissection of the panel. It was shown that 91% of the discontinuities (such as extended and localized voids and delaminations) were successfully identified using this millimeter wave imaging system.
Endosialin: From Vascular Target to Biomarker for Human Sarcomas (2009)

Biomarkers have been the focus of investigations to diagnose disease, track response to therapy and predict prognosis. Meanwhile, the identification of new targets for therapeutic intervention is an ongoing quest in the field of oncology. The recognition of endosialin as an antigen that is selectively overexpressed in human tumor tissues offers new strategies for treating cancer. Not only do the tumor vasculature and stromal compartments upregulate endosialin but, importantly, the malignant cells of sarcomas strongly express endosialin as well. A diagnostic assay that measures the intensity of endosialin expression in malignant tissues would assist in selecting patients that could benefit from an antiendosialin therapy. Thus, endosialin holds potential value both as a therapeutic target and as a biomarker for certain human cancers.
Myosin isoforms and the mechanochemical cross-bridge cycle (2016)

At the latest count the myosin family includes 35 distinct groups, all of which have the conserved myosin motor domain attached to a neck or lever arm, followed by a highly variable tail or cargo binding region. The motor domain has an ATPase activity that is activated by the presence of actin. One feature of the myosin ATPase cycle is that it involves an association/dissociation with actin for each ATP hydrolysed. The cycle has been described in detail for a large number of myosins from different classes. In each case the cycle is similar, but the balance between the different molecular events in the cycle has been altered to produce a range of very different mechanical activities. Myosin may spend most of the ATPase cycle attached to actin (high duty ratio), as in the processive myosin (e.g. myosin V) or the strain-sensing myosins (e.g. myosin 1c). In contrast, most muscle myosins spend 80% of their ATPase cycle detached from actin. Within the myosin IIs found in human muscle, there are 11 different sarcomeric myosin isoforms, two smooth muscle isoforms as well as three non-muscle isoforms. We have been exploring how the different myosin isoforms have adapted the cross-bridge cycle to generate different types of mechanical activity and how this goes wrong in inherited myopathies. The ideas are outlined here.
Shrinking majority of the deep biosphere (2012)

Living microorganisms were first discovered in sediment cores from scientific ocean drilling in the late 1980s when microbiologists observed and counted DNA-stained microbial cells under the microscope. During the following decade, new observations were made from drill sites in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea (1, 2). The combined data on cell numbers from these sites showed a systematic, log-log linear decrease with depth, from approximately 109 cells⋅cm−3 near the sediment surface to 106 cells⋅cm−3 at several hundred meters below seafloor, where the sediment had been deposited many million years ago (2) (Fig. 1). In their 1998 study, Whitman et al. (3) used these data to make a grand estimate of the total number of prokaryotic cells on Earth. Their astonishing conclusion was that 55% of all microbial cells occurred in the deep seabed whereas most of the rest were found in the deep terrestrial subsurface. Even more staggering, the combined deep biospheres appeared to harbor one third of the total living biomass on Earth. The publication of Whitman et al. (3) sparked a rapidly growing interest in the deep biosphere, and the data from this study were repeatedly cited in the literature in the following years. Their biomass estimate was later supported by data on intact polar membrane lipids as indicators of living cells (4). Now, these numbers are being challenged. In PNAS, Kallmeyer et al. (5) conclude that the total cell number for the deep subseafloor biosphere is probably 12-fold lower than the earlier estimate whereas the total biomass may be 74-fold lower. Is the deep biosphere losing significance?
Direct Observation of Early-Time Hydrogelation in β-Hairpin Peptide Self-Assembly (2008)

Triggered hydrogelation of MAX1 peptide, (VK)(4)-V(D)PPT-(KV)(4)-NH(2), proceeds through peptide intramolecular folding into beta-hairpins and concomitant self-assembly into branched clusters of well-defined (uniform, 3 nm cross section), semiflexible, beta-sheet-rich nanofibrils. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy indicates that dangling fibrils extend from one growing cluster to another and lead to early, intercluster communication in solution. At the apparent percolation threshold, the dynamic shear modulus measured by oscillatory rheology (G'(omega), G''(omega) proportional, variant omega(n)) and the field-intensity autocorrelation function measured by dynamic light scattering (g(1)(tau) proportional, variant tau(-beta')) show power-law behavior with comparable critical dynamic exponents (n approximately 0.47 and beta' approximately 0.45). Finite interpenetration of percolating clusters with smaller clusters, along with permanent intercluster entanglements, increase the network rigidity. The self-assembly of MAX1 peptide was compared and contrasted with the assembly of other biopolymeric networks in literature.
A Conductometric Biosensor for Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Detection (2003)

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most insidious and economicallydevastating viral pathogens of cattle. Due to the complex pathogenesis and insidious nature of BVDVinfections, a rapid and accurate diagnosis of BVDV becomes an important component to control andprevent the infections. Recently, a conductometric biosensor has been developed for its detection.The conductometric design is based primarily upon the specific nature of labeled antibody-antigenbinding. The architecture of the biosensor demonstrates the advantages of using lateral flow formatstrip attached to a portable circuitry for signal measurement. Results show that the biosensor candetect a very low concentration of virus in less than 6 minutes. Details on the biosensor performancefor BVDV detection in the enrichment media are presented. With the development of theconductometric biosensor for BVDV detection, further adaptation could be made for detecting otherpathogens important in the livestock industry.
Cache locality is not enough: High-Performance Nearest Neighbor Search with Product Quantization Fast Scan (2016)

International audience
Efficient methods for computing azimuth estimates from amplitude monopulse ratios (2002)

An efficient method for computing azimuth estimates from amplitude monopulse ratios is required for an advanced radar system. Computational load requirements are inherently high because typically several thousand clutter target reports per scan survive the thresholds of the target detection logic. Monopulse editing is relied upon to merge likely target reports or discard clutter targets with azimuth estimates outside of the beamwidth. This paper describes an efficient and accurate method for computing azimuth estimates. Theoretical plots of azimuth estimation accuracy are presented for a specific example of an 18-element linear array UHF radar which provides an azimuth beamwidth of about 6/spl deg/. Tradeoffs among accuracy, computational load, and computer memory are discussed.
Monounsaturated Fatty Acid Diets Improve Glycemic Tolerance through Increased Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1* (2001)

Diets enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)s have been shown to benefit glycemic control. Furthermore, MUFAs specifically stimulate secretion of the antidiabetic hormone, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in vitro. To determine whether the MUFA-induced benefit in glycemic tolerance in vivo is due to increased GLP-1 release, lean Zucker rats were pair-fed a synthetic diet containing 5% fat derived from either olive oil (OO; 74% MUFA) or coconut oil (CO; 87% saturated fatty acids; SFA) for 2 weeks. Food intake and body weight gain were similar for both groups over the feeding period. The OO group had improved glycemic tolerance compared with the CO group in both oral and duodenal glucose tolerance tests [area under curve (AUC) 121 +/- 61 vs. 290 +/- 24 mM.120 min, P < 0.05; and 112 +/- 28 vs. 266 +/- 65 mM.120 min, P < 0.05, respectively]. This was accompanied by increased secretion of gut glucagon-like immunoreactivity (gGLI; an index of GLP-1 levels) in the OO rats compared with the CO rats (402 +/- 96 vs. 229 +/- 33 pg/ml at t = 10 min, P < 0.05). Tissue levels of GLP-1 and plasma insulin and glucagon levels were not different between the two groups. To determine the total contribution of GLP-1 to the enhanced glycemic tolerance in OO rats, the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin(9-39) (Ex(9-39)) was infused 3 min before a duodenal glucose tolerance test. Ex(9-39) abolished the benefit in glycemic tolerance conferred by OO feeding (OO+Ex(9-39) vs. CO+Ex(9-39), P = NS), and resulted in a deterioration of glycemic tolerance in the OO+Ex(9-39) group when compared with the OO controls (AUC 331 +/- 21 vs. 112 +/- 28 mM.120 min, P < 0.05). To probe the mechanism by which the OO diet enhanced GLP-1 secretion, a GLP-1-secreting L cell line was incubated for 24 h with either 100 microM oleic acid (MUFA) or 100 microM palmitic acid (SFA) and subsequently challenged with GIP, a known stimulator of the L cell. Preexposure to oleic acid but not to palmitic acid significantly increased GIP-induced GLP-1 secretion when compared with controls (55 +/- 12% vs. 34 +/- 9%, P < 0.01). These results demonstrate that the benefit in glycemic tolerance obtained with MUFA diets occurs in association with increased GLP-1 secretion, through a mechanism of enhanced L cell sensitivity. These results suggest that diet therapy with MUFAs may be useful for the treatment of patients with impaired glucose tolerance and/or type 2 diabetes through increased GLP-1 secretion.
IDENTIFYING DRIVER TACTICS FOR INTERACTING WITH A REAL-TIME TYRE INFORMATION SYSTEM (2010)

This paper investigates the sensitivity and preference heterogeneity of individuals in respect of a new real-time tyre information system (RTTIS). By using the attitudinal indicator, a latent class model framework is developed. Estimates for a three-class model are discussed in detail to illustrate the potential of this approach in characterising the customer segments and preferences for an innovative vehicle technology. The results offer clear evidence of the preference heterogeneity across classes. The analysis further shows that the survey response duration has a strong explanatory power with respect to class membership.
Effect of granule size on autotrophic nitrogen removal in a granular sludge reactor (2010)

Autotrophic nitrogen removal through sequential partial nitritation and anammox reactions can be achieved in biofilm reactors by controlling the oxygen concentration in the bulk liquid in such a way that nitrite oxidizers are outcompeted by anammox bacteria. In the case of granular sludge reactors, the granule size may influence the optimal range of oxygen concentration, as has been confirmed in the present study by means of numerical simulations. The range of oxygen concentrations for which combined partial nitritation and anammox conversion is established becomes broader for larger particles and with increasing influent ammonium concentrations. At the same time the likelihood of nitrite accumulation in the reactor effluent also increases.
Nanosieves: Use of a Columnar Metal Thin Film as a Nanosieve with Sub‐10 nm Pores (Adv. Mater. 32/2012) (2012)

On page 4408, J.-B. Yoon, D.-S. Lee, and co-workers report the first use of a columnar thin film as a nanosieve. The image illustrates a columnar-structured nanosieve (nanoporous membrane) prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD). Since a thin film formed by PVD has vertically-grown columnar grains, the film naturally has numerous straight-opened nanopores. The generally sputtered film can separate molecules of different sizes.
The influence of lattice deformation on in epitaxially grown films (1997)

In this paper, four types of scans of x-ray diffraction were employed to investigate the structure of films epitaxially grown on YSZ. The relationship between the lattice deformation and the content of Ho was obtained. It was observed that, the more serious the lattice deformation, the higher the of a film became. Both the lattice deformation and the increasing may be due to the localized stress field caused by the substitution.