gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Physical and Chemical Parameters on the Treatment of Heavy Metals in Polluted Stormwater Using Zeolite—A Review (2011)

Zeolite-based technology can provide a cost effective solution for stormwater treatment for the removal of toxic heavy metals under increasing demand of safe water from alternative sources. This paper reviews the currently available knowledge relating to the effect of properties of zeolites such as pore size, surface area and Si:Al ratio and the physico-chemical conditions of the system such as pH, temperature, initial metal concentration and zeolite concentration on heavy metal removal performance. The primary aims are, to consolidate available knowledge and identify knowledge gaps. It was established that an in-depth understanding of operational issues such as, diffusion of metal ions into the zeolite pore structure, pore clogging, zeolite surface coverage by particulates in stormwater as well as the effect of pH on stormwater quality in the presence of zeolites is essential for developing a zeolite-based technology for the treatment of polluted stormwater. The optimum zeolite concentration to treat typical volumes of stormwater and initial heavy metal concentrations in stormwater should also be considered as operational issues in this regard. Additionally, leaching of aluminium and sodium ions from the zeolite structure to solution were identified as key issues requiring further research in the effort to develop cost effective solutions for the removal of heavy metals from stormwater.
Contribution to the theory of magnetosonic turbulence (1977)

This research addressed the question of how well measurement data collected during a single visit, made at an arbitrary hour of day, day of week, and season, estimate longer term residential 60 Hz magnetic field levels. We made repeat spot and 24 h measurements in 51 children's home, located in the Detroit, MI, and the Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN metropolitan areas, on a regular bimonthly schedule over a 1 year period, as well as a single 2 week measurement, for total of eight visits, producing 21 days of data for each residence. We defined the long term estimate (LTE) as the geometric mean of all available 24 h geometric means from the first six bimonthly visits. The LTE served as the reference level for assessing seasonal, day of week, and diurnal effects, as well as the potential for misclassification. We found a small, but statistically significant (P<.05), seasonal effect, with levels approximately 3% lower than the LTE in the spring and about 4% greater during the summer. No effect was found for day of week. However, we did find a systematic and appreciable diurnal effect, suggesting that, for example, an evening spot measurement may overestimate the LTE by 20% or more. We also assessed how well the 24 h measurement from the last visit, which was not used in calculation of the LTE, estimated the LTE. We found a high degree of correlation (r=.92) and fair to good agreement using four exposure categories (kappa=.53). Thus, the 24 h measurement appears to be a satisfactory LTE estimator. However, this finding must be interpreted with caution since considerable unexplained variability was present among the repeat 24 h measurements in about one-third of the homes. While the 2 week measurement does somewhat decrease exposure misclassification, its added intrusiveness and cost are likely to outweigh the improved precision.
Organic Diode and Other Circuit Element Creation Through Variations of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)Synthesis (2004)

Fabricating semiconductor junction diodes can be costly in price and time. It typically involves long turn around time from the foundry, which requires precise machines and a clean room environment to prevent contamination from air born materials. This intensive process of fabricating diodes, means the cost will increase as the machines to process the semiconductor material need to become more precise. The proposed solution to the problem of cost and time is to create a printing system that is capable of printing diodes and circuits on various substrates. The experiments described in this thesis investigate the possible diode material, Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), a polymer in aqueous dispersion. Variation in experiments with the weight ratios for the chemicals used for synthesis of this polymer are used as a benchmark to find the optimum weight ratios for the Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) synthesis, to create an asymmetric rectifying diode, using continuous ink jet printing technology.
Unusual outbreak of tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in a closed colony of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). (1980)

An outbreak of tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis among 46 rhesus monkeys housed in individual cages in the same large room of a closed experimental colony appeared to originate in one male that had been in the laboratory for 25 months. During this time, the animal received a total of 17 intrapalpebral tuberculin tests and two chest radiographs, all of which were negative. Of the remaining 45 animals in the room, 43 converted from tuberculin negative to positive within 7 weeks, while the animals in all other rooms remained tuberculin negative during the 1-year follow-up period.
Towards Optimal Multi-level Tiling for Stencil Computations (2007)

Stencil computations form the performance-critical core of many applications. Tiling and parallelization are two important optimizations to speed up stencil computations. Many tiling and parallelization strategies are applicable to a given stencil computation. The best strategy depends not only on the combination of the two techniques, but also on many parameters: tile and loop sizes in each dimension; computation-communication balance of the code; processor architecture; message startup costs; etc. The best choices can only be determined through design-space exploration, which is extremely tedious and error prone to do via exhaustive experimentation. We characterize the space of multi-level tilings and parallelizations for 2D/3D Gauss-Siedel stencil computation. A systematic exploration of a part of this space enabled us to derive a design which is up to a factor of two faster than the standard implementation.
Channel monitor-based unequal error protection with dynamic OFDM subcarrier assignment for video transmission (2003)

This paper proposes a channel monitor-based unequal error protection scheme using a dynamic OFDM subcarrier assignment technique for broadband video transmission systems in frequency selective fading environments. In the proposed system, to achieve stable regeneration of the received video, subcarriers with relatively high channel gain are assigned to the high priority data (HPD) in the MPEG data. To further guarantee a required transmission quality of the HPD, the proposed system also employs subcarrier transmission power control with delay profile information (DPI) feedback-type channel estimation technique. Computer simulation confirms that the proposed technique is effective in preventing quality degradation with about 20 dB lower transmission power than the conventional systems in frequency selective fading environments.
A rotating parallel hole collimator for high resolution imaging of medium energy radionuclides (1998)

A rotating parallel hole collimator has been designed and built for high resolution gamma camera imaging of medium energy radionuclides. This cast lead collimator has 2.0 mm thick septa and was designed for imaging 50-100 mCi I-131 radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies being administered intratumorally for brain tumor therapy. Projection data from different collimator rotation positions are summed to create a composite projection dataset with more dense spatial sampling than projection data at a single position. Measured single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) resolution with I-131 was 5.5-7.5 mm full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) for a 13 cm radius of rotation compared with 9.9-13.9 mm with a conventional medium energy collimator. SPECT resolution for the rotating collimator was only slightly worse with I-131 than with Tc-99m, indicating good attenuation by the septa. Sensitivity was 56 counts/sec/mCi with a tight region of interest (ROI) around the projection of an I-131 line source 12 cm from the collimator surface and 64 counts/sec/mCi with a tight ROI around the projection of an 11 cm diameter I-131 disk source 10 cm from the collimator surface. SPECT studies of 3.7 cm and 6.2 cm diameter shell-core tumor phantoms filled with I-131 were made. The lower activity core and higher activity shell were well resolved in a SPECT study using the rotating hole collimator. SPECT shell to core activity concentration ratios were more accurate with the rotating collimator than with a medium energy collimator. These results show the potential of this rotating collimator for high resolution human tumor studies with I-131 tracers.
Growth, yield and leaf nutrient content of organically grown banana plants in the Canary islands (2001)

Introduction. To compare the mineral nutrition of organically and normally grown banana plants, observations were made on growth and yield of organic banana plants, at the Canary Islands. The data were then discussed opposite the results previously reported for conventional plantations. Materials and methods. Growth parameters (plant height, leaf emission rate, pseudostem circumference) and yield parameters (bunch weight, number of hands, finger grade, etc.) were measured during ten months on an organically grown banana plantation of Dwarf Cavendish cv. Leaf N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn contents were also assessed. Results and discussion. Leaf emission rates showed higher values in late spring and early summer (0.099-0.109 leaf$\cdot$d-1), while pseudostem circumference grew more in late spring (0.238 cm$\cdot$d-1) than in summer. In August, pseudostem circumference decreased dramatically, probably because the plants with a larger circumference had flowered before that month and could not be measured. Bunches gave good yields for the zone (43.59 kg on average) and had a high mean number of hands (12.79). Number of fingers of the second upper hand (25.63), their grade (37.63 cm), length (23.50 cm) and weight (165.19 g) ranged from normal to high. Month of harvesting influenced yield and quality of the fruits. Leaf content of N, P, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn fell within the normal range related to the conventionally grown banana plants. Potassium foliar content showed low levels but not deficiencies, whereas Ca leaf concentrations were high but not excessive. No relationship was found among leaf nutrient levels and growth, yield and fruit quality parameters.
Biomimetic Stereoselective Formation of Methyllanthionine (2002)

Fmoc-(2R,3S)-3-methyl-Se-phenylselenocysteine was used for the synthesis of dehydrobutyrine (Dhb)-containing peptides. Biomimetic cyclization via Michael addition of Cys to a Dhb yielded the B-ring of the lantibiotic subtilin as a single diastereomer. The methyllanthionine product was shown to have the natural configuration by preparation of the authentic stereoisomer. The formation of a single isomer suggests that the prepeptide has a strong intrinsic preference for the stereochemistry observed in lantibiotics. [reaction: see text]
Rat olfactory neurons can utilize the endogenous lectin, L-14, in a novel adhesion mechanism (1994)

L-14 is a divalent, lactosamine-binding lectin expressed in many vertebrate tissues. In the rat nervous system, L-14 expression has been observed previously in restricted neuronal subsets within the dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord. In this study we report that L-14 is expressed by nonneuronal cells in the rat olfactory nerve. We demonstrate that L-14 binds and co-localizes with two ligands in the rat olfactory system: a beta-lactosamine-containing glycolipid, and a putative member of the laminin family. The former is expressed on the surfaces of nascent olfactory axons originating from neuron cell bodies in the olfactory epithelium. The latter is present in the extracellular matrix of the axonal path leading to synaptic targets in the olfactory bulb. In vitro, we find that recombinant L-14 promotes primary olfactory neuron adhesion to two laminin family members, and promotes intercellular adhesion. Both activities are dose-dependent, and are independent of integrin-mediated mechanisms. We have thus found that L-14 can serve two distinct adhesive functions in vitro, and propose that L-14 in vivo can promote olfactory axon fasciculation by crosslinking adjacent axons and promote axonal adhesion to the extracellular matrix.
A Translation: New Investigations on Picture Steadiness of Motion Pictures in Projection (1968)

The concept of frame unsteadiness is explained and established. A device for the voluntary generation of frame unsteadiness of adjustable magnitude has been developed and has been employed for the systematic investigation of picture steadiness. Its action and performance are described. Statistical and psycho-physical evaluations of frame unsteadiness have been effectuated and limit values for its acceptability have been ascertained. Partial causes, such as the effect of motion-picture apparatus (cameras, printers, projectors, etc.), that of the film as such, and the sum of all these effects are described. Methods for the statistical evaluation of frame unsteadiness are given and are illustrated by frequency diagrams, average value curves and tables for the magnitude of frame unsteadiness for various film sizes. Basic points for the reliability of these methods are established. Finally, some conclusions are drawn with respect to the possibility of amelioration of frame unsteadiness in cameras, printers and projectors.
Formation of pattern in regenerating tissue pieces of <i>Hydra attenuata</i> (1987)

The tentacles in hydra have characteristics of both spacing patterns and number-regulating patterns in that their number under some circumstances changes with the size of the animal and under others does not. To determine which type of processes could yield these results, an extensive analysis was undertaken of the size parameters pertinent to tentacle formation. To do this pieces of tissue, varying in shape and spanning a 30-fold size range, were excised and allowed to regenerate into complete animals. Three separate mechanisms were found to combine which resulted in the final number of tentacles: (1) the spread of the two-part head pattern to produce a competent band of tissue of a given size where the tentacles could form; (2) initiation of tentacle-forming centres by a spacing mechanism and (3) growth of the tentacles to a size proportional to the size of the animal.
A Potential Therapeutic Target RNA-binding Protein, Arid5a for the Treatment of Inflammatory Disease Associated with Aberrant Cytokine Expression (2018)

Thus, Arid5a contributes to the activation of macrophages and T cells through positive control of mRNA half-lives of inflammatory cytokines and its related molecules, which might lead to cytokine storm. Interestingly, Arid5a was identified from an inhibitory effect of CPZ on IL-6 production in macrophages activated by LPS. Therefore, CPZ derivatives or Arid5a inhibitors may have a potential to suppress severe sepsis through control of post-transcriptional gene expression.
The defH9-iaaM auxin-synthesizing gene increases plant fecundity and fruit production in strawberry and raspberry (2004)

The DefH9-iaaM gene is expressed and biologically active in Rosaceae. The DefH9-iaaM gene can be used, under cultivation conditions that allow pollination and fertilization, to increase fruit productivity significantly in Rosaceae species. The finding that the DefH9-iaaM auxin-synthesizing gene increases the number of inflorescences per plant and the number of flowers per inflorescence indicates that auxin plays a role in plant fecundity in these three perennial Rosaceae species.
Nonsteroidal Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators and Selective Estrogen Receptor β Agonists Moderate Cognitive Deficits and Amyloid-β Levels in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease (2013)

Decreases of the sex steroids, testosterone and estrogen, are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease. Testosterone and estrogen supplementation improves cognitive deficits in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Sex hormones play a role in the regulation of amyloid-β via induction of the amyloid-β degrading enzymes neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme. To mimic the effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), we administered a selective androgen receptor agonist, ACP-105, alone and in combination with the selective estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist AC-186 to male gonadectomized triple transgenic mice. We assessed long-term spatial memory in the Morris water maze, spontaneous locomotion, and anxiety-like behavior in the open field and in the elevated plus maze. We found that ACP-105 given alone decreases anxiety-like behavior. Furthermore, when ACP-105 is administered in combination with AC-186, they increase the amyloid-β degrading enzymes neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme and decrease amyloid-β levels in the brain as well as improve cognition. Interestingly, the androgen receptor level in the brain was increased by chronic treatment with the same combination treatment, ACP-105 and AC-186, not seen with DHT or ACP-105 alone. Based on these results, the beneficial effect of the selective ERβ agonist as a potential therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease warrants further investigation.
Cell Death Caused by Single-Stranded Oligodeoxynucleotide-Mediated Targeted Genomic Sequence Modification (2009)

Targeted gene repair directed by single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs) offers a promising tool for biotechnology and gene therapy. However, the methodology is currently limited by its low frequency of repair events, variability, and low viability of "corrected" cells. In this study, we showed that during ssODN-mediated gene repair reaction, a significant population of corrected cells failed to divide, and were much more prone to undergo apoptosis, as marked by processing of caspases and PARP-1. In addition, we found that apoptotic cell death triggered by ssODN-mediated gene repair was largely independent of the ATM/ATR kinase. Furthermore, we examined the potential involvement of the mismatch repair (MMR) proteins in this "correction reaction-induced" cell death. Result showed that while defective MMR greatly enhanced the efficiency of gene correction, compromising the MMR system did not yield any viable corrected clone, indicating that the MMR machinery, although plays a critical role in determining ssODN-directed repair, was not involved in the observed cellular genotoxic responses.
Approximate Linear Programming for Average-Cost Dynamic Programming (2002)

This paper extends our earlier analysis on approximate linear programming as an approach to approximating the cost-to-go function in a discounted-cost dynamic program [6]. In this paper, we consider the average-cost criterion and a version of approximate linear programming that generates approximations to the optimal average cost and differential cost function. We demonstrate that a naive version of approximate linear programming prioritizes approximation of the optimal average cost and that this may not be well-aligned with the objective of deriving a policy with low average cost. For that, the algorithm should aim at producing a good approximation of the differential cost function. We propose a two-phase variant of approximate linear programming that allows for external control of the relative accuracy of the approximation of the differential cost function over different portions of the state space via state-relevance weights. Performance bounds suggest that the new algorithm is compatible with the objective of optimizing performance and provide guidance on appropriate choices for state-relevance weights.
Polymer‐derived ceramic aerogels as sorbent materials for the removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions (2017)

Abstract Polymer‐derived SiC and Si OC aerogels have been synthesized and characterized both from the microstructural point of view and as sorbent materials for removing organic dyes (Methylene Blue, MB , and Rhodamine B, RB ) from water solutions. Their adsorbent behavior has been compared with a polymer‐derived SiC foam and a commercial mesoporous silica. The aerogels can efficiently remove MB and RB from water solution and their capacity is higher compared to the SiC foams due to the higher surface area. The Si OC aerogel remains monolithic after the water treatment (allowing for an easy removal without the need of a filtration step) and its maximum capacity for removing MB is 42.2 mg/g, which is higher compared to the studied mesoporous silica and many C‐based porous adsorbents reported in the literature. The reason for this high adsorption capacity has been related to the unique structure of the polymer‐derived SiOC, which consists of an amorphous silicon oxycarbide network and a free carbon phase.
An integrated approach to version control management in computer supported collaborative writing (1998)

Computer Supported Collaborative Writing (CSCWriting) is an interactive application that allows multiple distributed users to collaborate on a shared document. To support the interaction among users, many CSCWriting tools facilitate synchronous communication. However, synchronous communication alone cannot be employed successfully due to slow network environment and various collaborative writing modes. These problems demand a new approach that aims at a simple, low-cost asynchronous collaboration environment supported by a version control system. However, since current version control techniques have been developed for single user environments, these can not be directly incorporated into CSCWriting environments. That is, these do not have the ability to address social/cognitive aspects, such as group awareness and access control. This paper describes issues regarding various physical and social artifacts required for version control in a CSCWriting environment, effective mechanisms for managing such artifacts, and an integrated approach to combining the artifacts.
Enhanced Performance of a Novel Polyvinyl Amine/Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Mixed Matrix Membrane for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture (2015)

In this study, a facilitated transport mixed matrix membrane was fabricated by a surface coating method. Polyvinyl amine (PVAm) and chitosan (Cs) were used as the polymer matrix materials and coated onto a porous polysulfone (PS) support. Graphene oxide (GO) grafted with hyperbranched polyethylenimine (HPEI-GO) was added as the nanofiller. The gas separation tests with CO2/N2 (10:90 v:v) mixed gas suggest that the addition of GO could improve CO2/N2 selectivity. The highest CO2 permeance was 36 GPU in the membrane with 2.0 wt % HPEI-GO, and the optimal selectivity was 107 in the membrane with 3.0 wt % HPEI-GO. Herein, GO could provide a transport channel for CO2 and enhance the long-term stability of the membranes. Further gas separation tests under various relative humidities confirmed that facilitated transport was the main mechanism of gas separation through the membrane. The stability test suggests that the membrane has long-term stability. CO2 transports through the membrane mainly by the facilitated transport mechanism with assistance from the solution-diffusion mechanism, while N2 transports only by the solution-diffusion mechanism.
A head-and-torso model for low-frequency binaural elevation effects (2003)

Low-frequency elevation-dependent features appear in HRTF (head related transfer function) measurements because of torso and shoulder reflections and head diffraction effects. A simple structural model that accounts for these features is presented. Listening tests show that the model produces significant elevation cues for virtual sound sources whose spectra are limited to frequencies below 3 kHz. The low-frequency binaural elevation cues are perceptually significant away from the median plane, and complement high-frequency monaural pinna cues.