gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<b>Thermodynamic limitations on the resolution obtainable with metal replicas</b> (1996)

The major factor limiting resolution of metal‐shadowed surfaces for electron and scanning tunnelling microscopy is the granularity of the metal film. This granularity had been believed to result from a recrystallization of the evaporated film, and hence could be limited by use of higher melting point materials for replication, or inhibited by adding carbon or other impurities to the film. However, evaporated and sputtered films of amorphous metal alloys that do not crystallize also show a granularity that decreases with increasing alloy melting point. A simple thermodynamic analysis shows that the granularity results from a dewetting of the typically low surface energy sample by the high surface energy metal film, similar to the beading up of drops of spilled mercury. The metal granularity and the resulting resolution of the metal‐coated surface is proportional to the mobility of the metal on the surface after evaporation, which is related to the difference in temperature between the melting point of the metal and the sample surface temperature.
Nuclear Localization and Export Signals of the Human Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (1998)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that binds DNA in the form of a heterodimer with the Ahr nuclear translocator (hypoxia-inducible factor 1beta). We found in this study that Ahr contains both nuclear localization and export signals in the NH2-terminal region. A fusion protein composed of beta-galactosidase and full-length Ahr translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in a ligand-dependent manner. However, a fusion protein lacking the PAS (Per-Ahr nuclear translocator-Sim homology) domain of the Ahr showed strong nuclear localization activity irrespective of the presence or absence of ligand. A minimum bipartite Ahr nuclear localization signal (NLS) consisting of amino acid residues 13-39 was identified by microinjection of fused proteins with glutathione S-transferase-green fluorescent protein. A NLS having mutations in bipartite basic amino acids lost nuclear translocation activity completely, which may explain the reduced binding activity to the NLS receptor, PTAC58. A 21-amino acid peptide (residues 55-75) containing the Ahr nuclear export signal is sufficient to direct nuclear export of a microinjected complex of glutathione S-transferase-Ahr-green fluorescent protein. These findings strongly suggest that Ahr act as a ligand- and signal-dependent nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein.
Masking severely tetracycline-stained teeth with ceramic laminate veneers. (1996)

When the primary restorative objective is the reinstatement of vital natural tooth color, dark tetracycline-stained teeth still represent the ultimate challenge for ceramic laminate veneers. Masking severe stain with opaquing composite resins is a significant advancement; however, the procedure requires additional chairtime, is technique sensitive (to avoid excessive opacity), and involves removal of additional tooth structure. The learning objective of this article is to describe and compare two different methods for masking tetracycline-stained teeth. The article illustrates the natural tooth color derived from ceramic laminate veneers when bonded to opaque composite resins in the maxillary arch, and compares it to a new ceramic veneer formulation in the mandibular arch, which masks the stain, eliminates the need for subopaquing with composite resins, and resembles the qualities of natural tooth color.
The electronic structure and second-order nonlinear optical properties of donor-acceptor acetylenes: a detailed investigation of structure-property relationships (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe electronic structure and second-order nonlinear optical properties of donor-acceptor acetylenes: a detailed investigation of structure-property relationshipsAlbert E. Stiegman, Eva Graham, Kelly J. Perry, Lutfur R. Khundkar, L. T. Cheng, and Joseph W. PerryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 20, 7658–7666Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00020a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00020a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views833Altmetric-Citations191LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Einleitung (2011)

Die Entwicklung und das Management von Softwaresystemen sind und bleiben aufgrund einer immer weiter steigenden Komplexität von aufwändigen und kostenintensiven Prozessen geprägt. Demgegenüber stehen eine schnell wachsende Nachfrage nach Software und neuen Funktionalitäten, die Forderung nach immer kürzeren Entwicklungszyklen mit höheren Qualitätsanforderungen sowie sinkende Budgets bei den Investitionen in Softwaresysteme.
A Pattern Recognition Protein for Peptidoglycan (1999)

Peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) specifically binds to peptidoglycan and is considered to be one of the pattern recognition proteins in the innate immunity of insect. The PGRP is an essential component for peptidoglycan to trigger the prophenoloxidase cascade that is now recognized to be an important insect defense mechanism. We cloned cDNA encoding PGRP from the silkworm fat body cDNA library. Northern blot analysis showed that the PGRP gene is constitutively expressed in the fat body, epithelial cell, and hemocytes of naive silkworms. Furthermore, a bacterial challenge intensified the gene expression, with the maximal period being from 6 to 36 h after infection. The upstream sequence of the cloned PGRP gene was shown to contain putative cis-regulatory elements similar to the NF-kappaB-like element, interferon-response half-element, and GATA motif element, which have been found in the promoters of the acute phase protein genes of mammals and insects. A homology search revealed that the homologs of silkworm PGRP are present in mice, nematodes, and bacteriophages. This suggests that the recognition of peptidoglycan as foreign is effected in both vertebrates and invertebrates by PGRP homologs with an evolutionally common origin.
A Deep Learning Loss Function Based on the Perceptual Evaluation of the Speech Quality (2018)

This letter proposes a perceptual metric for speech quality evaluation, which is suitable, as a loss function, for training deep learning methods. This metric, derived from the perceptual evaluation of the speech quality algorithm, is computed in a per-frame basis and from the power spectra of the reference and processed speech signal. Thus, two disturbance terms, which account for distortion once auditory masking and threshold effects are factored in, amend the mean square error (MSE) loss function by introducing perceptual criteria based on human psychoacoustics. The proposed loss function is evaluated for noisy speech enhancement with deep neural networks. Experimental results show that our metric achieves significant gains in speech quality (evaluated using an objective metric and a listening test) when compared to using MSE or other perceptual-based loss functions from the literature.
uPnP-Mesh: the Plug-and-Play Mesh Network for the Internet of Things (2015)

International audience
The Link between Default and Recovery Rates: Theory, Empirical Evidence, and Implications* (2005)

Edward I. Altman, Brooks Brady, Andrea Resti, Andrea Sironi, The Link between Default and Recovery Rates: Theory, Empirical Evidence, and Implications, The Journal of Business, Vol. 78, No. 6 (November 2005), pp. 2203-2228
Activation of thiol esters. Partial synthesis of cytochalasins A and B (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActivation of thiol esters. Partial synthesis of cytochalasins A and BSatoru Masamune, Yoshio Hayase, Walter Schilling, Wan Kit Chan, and Gordon S. BatesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 20, 6756–6758Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00462a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00462a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1473Altmetric-Citations143LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A rapid method for separation and detection of human salivary amylase isoenzymes by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel (1976)

Human salivary proteins were separated by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel in flat beds at 1000 V for 40 min. Amylase activity was detected after immersing the gel in 0.4 M tris-HCI buffer pH 7.4 to equilibrate the pH gradient. The enzyme activity was detected after diffusion into an overlayer of agarose gel containing an insoluble dye-starch polymer (Phadebas). Both whole human saliva and parotid saliva from 15 different persons contained four amylase components, except in three cases where only three bands were detected. The bands were all focused within a rather narrow pH range (pH 5.4-7.2) and the results were very reproducible.
Junction breakdown instabilities in deep trench isolation structures (1991)

Junction breakdown voltage instability in a p-n junction formed in bulk silicon adjacent to a deep trench filled with polysilicon was investigated. The structure investigated consists of a 5- mu m-deep trench filled with heavily p-doped polysilicon. The trench is open at the bottom and is consequently shorted to the p-substrate. The time-dependent behavior of the walkout or the breakdown voltage instability is similar to that reported for planar p-n junctions terminating on surface oxide. Results suggest that trapping of holes in the trench sidewall dielectric is responsible for this phenomenon. The product of trapping center concentration and capture cross section N sigma is estimated to be 90 cm/sup -1/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Second-Generation Rabies Virus-Based Vaccine Vectors Expressing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Have Greatly Reduced Pathogenicity but Are Highly Immunogenic (2002)

Rabies virus (RV) vaccine strain-based vectors show great promise as vaccines against other viral diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and hepatitis C, but a low residual pathogenicity remains a concern for their use. Here we describe several highly attenuated second-generation RV-based vaccine vehicles expressing HIV-1 Gag. For this approach, we modified the previously described RV vaccine vector SPBN by replacing the arginine at position 333 (R333) within the RV glycoprotein (G) with glutamic acid (E333), deleting 43 amino acids of the RV G cytoplasmic domain (CD), or combining the R333 exchange and the CD deletion. In addition, we constructed a new RV vector that expresses HIV-1 Gag from an RV transcription unit upstream of the RV phosphoprotein gene (BNSP-Gag) instead of upstream of the G gene. As expected and as demonstrated for SPBN-Gag, all vaccine vehicles were apathogenic after peripheral administration. However, the new, second-generation vaccine vectors containing modifications in the RV G were also apathogenic after intracranial infection with 10(5) infectious particles, and BNSP-Gag produced a 50%-reduced mortality in mice. Of note, the observed attenuation of pathogenicity did not result in either the attenuation of the humoral response against the RV G or the previously observed robust cellular response against HIV-1 Gag. These findings demonstrate that very safe and highly effective RV-based vaccines can be constructed and further emphasize their potential utility as efficacious antiviral vaccines.
Inflammation and insulin resistance (2007)

Obesity-induced chronic inflammation is a key component in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and the Metabolic syndrome. In this review, we focus on the interconnection between obesity, inflammation and insulin resistance. Pro-inflammatory cytokines can cause insulin resistance in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver by inhibiting insulin signal transduction. The sources of cytokines in insulin resistant states are the insulin target tissue themselves, primarily fat and liver, but to a larger extent the activated tissue resident macrophages. While the initiating factors of this inflammatory response remain to be fully determined, chronic inflammation in these tissues could cause localized insulin resistance via autocrine/paracrine cytokine signaling and systemic insulin resistance via endocrine cytokine signaling all of which contribute to the abnormal metabolic state.
A Memory Efficient Partially Parallel Decoder Architecture for Quasi-Cyclic LDPC Codes (2007)

This paper presents a memory efficient partially parallel decoder architecture suited for high rate quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes using (modified) min-sum algorithm for decoding. In general, over 30% of memory can be saved over conventional partially parallel decoder architectures. Efficient techniques have been developed to reduce the computation delay of the node processing units and to minimize hardware overhead for parallel processing. The proposed decoder architecture can linearly increase the decoding throughput with a small percentage of extra hardware. Consequently, it facilitates the applications of LDPC codes in area/power sensitive high-speed communication systems
Hamiltonian Descent Methods (2018)

We propose a family of optimization methods that achieve linear convergence using first-order gradient information and constant step sizes on a class of convex functions much larger than the smooth and strongly convex ones. This larger class includes functions whose second derivatives may be singular or unbounded at their minima. Our methods are discretizations of conformal Hamiltonian dynamics, which generalize the classical momentum method to model the motion of a particle with non-standard kinetic energy exposed to a dissipative force and the gradient field of the function of interest. They are first-order in the sense that they require only gradient computation. Yet, crucially the kinetic gradient map can be designed to incorporate information about the convex conjugate in a fashion that allows for linear convergence on convex functions that may be non-smooth or non-strongly convex. We study in detail one implicit and two explicit methods. For one explicit method, we provide conditions under which it converges to stationary points of non-convex functions. For all, we provide conditions on the convex function and kinetic energy pair that guarantee linear convergence, and show that these conditions can be satisfied by functions with power growth. In sum, these methods expand the class of convex functions on which linear convergence is possible with first-order computation.
General Relationships for Polymer-Petroleum Oil Blends (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneral Relationships for Polymer-Petroleum Oil BlendsW. A. Wright and W. W. CrouseCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1964, 3, 2, 153–158Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360010a020https://doi.org/10.1021/i360010a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Haptic Gaze-Tracking Based Perception of Graphical User Interfaces (2007)

This paper presents a novel human-computer interface that enables the computer display to be perceived without any use of the eyes. Our system works by tracking the user's head position and orientation to obtain their 'gaze' point on a virtual screen, and by indicating to the user what object is present at the gaze location via haptic feedback to the fingers and synthetic speech or Braille text. This is achieved by using the haptic vibration frequency delivered to the fingers to indicate the type of screen object at the gaze position, and the vibration amplitude to indicate the screen object's window-layer, when the object is contained in overlapping windows. Also, objects that are gazed at momentarily have their name output to the user via a Braille display or synthetic speech. Our experiments have shown that by browsing over the screen and receiving haptic and voice (or Braille) feedback in this manner, the user is able to acquire a mental two-dimensional representation of the virtual screen and its content without any use of the eyes. This form of blind screen perception can then be used to locate screen objects and controls and manipulate them with the mouse or via gaze control. Our experimental results are provided in which we demonstrate how this form of blind screen perception can effectively be used to exercise point-and-click and drag-and-drop control of desktop objects and open windows by using the mouse, or the user's head pose, without any use of the eyes.
The “Fetal Reserve Index”: Re-Engineering the Interpretation and Responses to Fetal Heart Rate Patterns (2017)

In this initial, retrospective trial, an abnormal FRI identified all cases of labor-related neurological injury more reliably and earlier than Category III, which may allow fetal therapy by intrauterine resuscitation. The combination of traditional EFM with maternal, obstetrical, and fetal risk factors creating the FRI performed much better as a screening test than EFM alone. Our quantified screening system needs further evaluation in prospective trials.
Use of oxygen-doped Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As for the insulating layer in MIS structures (1978)

Metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors were prepared by doping an Al0.5Ga0.5As layer with oxygen in order to demonstrate a lattice-matched single-crystal insulator-semiconductor heterojunction. Crystal growth was by molecular-beam epitaxy. Interface trap effects were not observed in capacitance-voltage measurements, while the current-voltage measurements show space-charge-limited currents for forward and reverse biases.
A novel algorithm of calculating the circulating current on the delta side of three phase wye-delta connected transformer (2009)

The circulating current on the delta side of wye-delta connected three-phase power transformer is hard to measure. The differential transformer protection has to adopt current phase compensation method to compensate the circulating current. However, the differential current hardly reflect the magnetic exciting current of transformer no matter what kind of current phase compensation methods used. It limits many algorithms of identifying inrush current, such as the promising one based on the equivalent instantaneous inductance. How to obtain the circulating currents in delta side has become a difficult problem in transformer protection. In this paper, based on the voltage equations of transformer, the calculation of the resistance and leakage inductance of winding is deduced. And then, a novel algorithm of calculating the circulating currents in delta side is proposed Simulation results of MATLAB verify the accuracy of this algorithm, which offers a new way to calculate the differential currents exactly.
Phosphoric acid diesters protonated polyaniline: Preparation, spectroscopic properties, and processability (1995)

Abstract Aliphatic and aromatic diesters of phosphoric acid were tested as dopants improving pro‐cessability of polyaniline (PANI) in its doped (conducting) state. It has been found that both aromatic and aliphatic diesters effectively protonate polyaniline, inducing at the same time its solubility. The protonated state has been confirmed by three independent spec‐troscopic methods (FTIR, Raman, and UV‐vis‐NIR). Both aromatic and aliphatic diesters of phosphoric acid plasticize polyaniline which, in turn, allows for the preparation of highly conducting films of PANI or highly conducting blends of PANI with classical nonconducting polymers by thermal processing. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gastric mucosal cytoprotection in the rat by cysteine (1987)

The free radical scavengers methyl-methionine sulphonium bromide and cysteine (5%) protected the rat gastric mucosa against ischaemic injury produced by reserpine (5 mg kg-1 i.p.). Pretreatment with 1 mL of 5% cysteine by gavage completely protected against injury rats with no ligation and 70% of rats with pyloric ligation after they had been given aspirin (200 mg kg-1 by gavage), a dose that produced gastric mucosal injury in 40% of rats with no ligation and 70% of rats with pyloric ligation after 4 h. Ethanol (1 mL of 40% solution by gavage) after 1 h produced gastric mucosal injury in all animals and pretreatment with 1 mL of 5% cysteine by gavage completely protected 80% of non-ligated and 70% of pyloric-ligated rats against this injury. This protection was not associated with any significant effect on H+ output. The data suggest that cysteine maintains gastric mucin by a mechanism independent of acid secretion.