gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activating <i>ESR1</i> Mutations Differentially Affect the Efficacy of ER Antagonists (2016)

Recent studies have identified somatic <i>ESR1</i> mutations in patients with metastatic breast cancer and found some of them to promote estrogen-independent activation of the receptor. The degree to which all recurrent mutants can drive estrogen-independent activities and reduced sensitivity to ER antagonists like fulvestrant is not established. In this report, we characterize the spectrum of <i>ESR1</i> mutations from more than 900 patients. <i>ESR1</i> mutations were detected in 10%, with D538G being the most frequent (36%), followed by Y537S (14%). Several novel, activating mutations were also detected (e.g., L469V, V422del, and Y537D). Although many mutations lead to constitutive activity and reduced sensitivity to ER antagonists, only select mutants such as Y537S caused a magnitude of change associated with fulvestrant resistance <i>in vivo</i> Correspondingly, tumors driven by Y537S, but not D5358G, E380Q, or S463P, were less effectively inhibited by fulvestrant than more potent and bioavailable antagonists, including AZD9496. These data point to a need for antagonists with optimal pharmacokinetic properties to realize clinical efficacy against certain <i>ESR1</i> mutants.<b>Significance:</b> A diversity of activating <i>ESR1</i> mutations exist, only some of which confer resistance to existing ER antagonists that might be overcome by next-generation inhibitors such as AZD9496. <i>Cancer Discov; 7(3); 277-87. ©2016 AACR.</i><i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 235</i>.
Dual‐Imaging Enabled Cancer‐Targeting Nanoparticles (2012)

The development of dual-imaging enabled cancer-targeting nanoparticles (DICT-NPs) is reported based on newly developed biodegradable photoluminescent polymers and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. DICT-NPs possess capabilities of dual-imaging (magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging), magnetic targeting, and potentially selective targeting for cancer cells. The development of DICT-NPs address the concerns in dual-imaging nanoparticles where photobleaching organic dyes and cytotoxic quantum dots are usually adopted.
[Effectiveness of bisphosphonate administration during Gn-RH agonist therapy for endometriosis]. (2009)

Gn-RH agonist therapy is widely used for treatment of endometriosis. However, it is well known that there are some side effects due to too much suppress of plasma sex steroid hormone levels. The decrease of the BMD (bone mineral density) is a serious side effect, and the BMD values are decreasing significantly even in the short period during Gn-RH agonist therapy. In this review, the author shows the effect of bisphosphonate administration on the prevention of the bone loss during Gn-RH agonist therapy for the endometriosis. By the administration of EP (estrogen-progestogen) preparations, the decreasing of the BMD can prevent (so called add-back therapy), however, there are some patients who could not be administrated these drugs because of their previous diseases. Bisphosphonate administration is much effective for the prevention of the bone loss compared with EP preparations. From these results, it is concluded that bisphosphonate administration has a beneficial effect for the prevention of the bone loss during Gn-RH agonist treatment.
An adaptive aggregate maintenance approach for mixed workloads in columnar in-memory databases (2014)

The mixed database workloads generated by enterprise applications can be categorized into short-running transactional as well as long-running analytical queries with resource-intensive data aggregations. The introduction of materialized views can accelerate the execution of aggregate queries significantly. However, the overhead of materialized view maintenance has to be taken into account and varies mainly depending on the ratio of queries accessing the materialized view to queries altering the base data, which we define as insert ratio. On the basis of our constructed cost models for the identified materialized view maintenance strategies, we can determine the best performing strategy for the currently monitored workload. While a naive switching approach already improves the performance over staying with a single maintenance strategy, we show that an adaptive aggregate maintenance approach with inclusion of the workload history and switching costs can further improve the overall performance of a mixed workload. This behavior is demonstrated with benchmarks in a columnar in-memory database.
Nanocrystalline-silicon superlattice produced by controlled recrystallization (1998)

Nanocrystalline-silicon superlattices are produced by controlled recrystallization of amorphous-Si/SiO2 multilayers. The recrystallization is performed by a two-step procedure: rapid thermal annealing at 600–1000 °C, and furnace annealing at 1050 °C. Transmission electron microscopy, Raman scattering, x-ray and electron diffraction, and photoluminescence spectroscopy show an ordered structure with Si nanocrystals confined between SiO2 layers. The size of the Si nanocrystals is limited by the thickness of the a-Si layer, the shape is nearly spherical, and the orientation is random. The luminescence from the nc-Si superlattices is demonstrated and studied.
Troubleshooting: pulse waveforms and pulse oximetry (2020)

Abstract This section provides examples of plethysmograph traces and outlines methods to improve signal quality where traces are likely to be erroneous.
Optimization of Extracellular Matrix Protein Surface Coating to Enhance Endothelialization on Poly(L-Lactic Acid) (2007)

Slow endothelialization (endothelial lining on the arterial surfaces) on poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) materials is one of many concerns limiting its use in the vascular system. Surface coating with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is a well described method used for modifying surface properties of biomaterials in order to encourage cell growth. However, optimization of ECM proteins to promote the adhesion and growth of Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAEC) has not been well-investigated. In this study, we compared the effect of common ECM proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, vitronectin, and matrigel on the HAEC adhesion and growth on PLLA materials. It was found that fibronectin not only had the highest cell adhesion and proliferation, but also maintained normal cell morphology and endothelial cell function. Moreover, endothelial cells remained better on this surface under physiological shear stress levels. These results suggested fibronectin is the best ECM protein to promote endothelialization on PLLA materials.
Regenerative medicine strategies for treatment of neurogenic bladder (2009)

Neurogenic bladder is a general term encompassing various neurologic dysfunctions in the bladder and external urethral sphincter caused by damage or disease. Therapeutic management options fall into the categories of conservative, minimally invasive or surgical. The current standard for surgical management is bladder augmentation using intestinal segments. However, because intestinal tissue possesses different functional characteristics to bladder tissue, numerous complications can ensue. Regenerative medicine uses combinations of cells and/or biomaterials to encourage regeneration of healthy tissue and offers an alternative approach for the replacement of lost or deficient organs, including the bladder. Promising results using the principles of regenerative medicine have already been obtained in children with neurogenic bladder caused by myelomeningocele. Human clinical trials, governed by the US FDA, are ongoing in the USA in both children and adults to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of this technology for regenerating bladders. More studies are in progress and additional advances in this field can be anticipated.
Optimised dispersion management scheme for long-hauloptical communication systems (1999)

Using the distributed under-compensation scheme (DUCS) in every fibre span, the overall transmission distance of 10 Gbit/s NRZ and RZ multiple span systems is doubled. The benefits of such a dispersion management scheme are clarified by defining a new figure of merit.
Altered expression of Na transporters NHE-3, NaPi-II, Na-K-ATPase, BSC-1, and TSC in CRF rat kidneys (1999)

In chronic renal failure (CRF), reduction in renal mass leads to an increase in the filtration rates of the remaining nephrons and increased excretion of sodium per nephron. To address the mechanisms involved in the increased sodium excretion, we determined the total kidney levels and the densities per nephron of the major renal NaCl transporters in rats with experimental CRF. Two weeks after 5/6 nephrectomy (reducing the total number of nephrons to approximately 24 +/- 8%), the rats were azotemic and displayed increased Na excretion. Semiquantitative immunoblotting revealed significant reduction in the total kidney levels of the proximal tubule Na transporters NHE-3 (48% of control), NaPi-II (13%), and Na-K-ATPase (30%). However, the densities per nephron of NHE-3, NaPi-II, and Na-K-ATPase were not significantly altered in remnant kidneys, despite the extensive hypertrophy of remaining nephrons. Immunocytochemistry confirmed the reduction in NHE-3 and Na-K-ATPase labeling densities in the proximal tubule. In contrast, there was no significant reduction in the total kidney levels of the thick ascending limb and distal convoluted tubule NaCl transporters BSC-1 and TSC, respectively. This corresponded to a 3.6 and 2.5-fold increase in densities per nephron, respectively (confirmed by immunocytochemistry). In conclusion, in this rat CRF model: 1) increased fractional sodium excretion is associated with altered expression of proximal tubule Na transporter expression (NHE-3, NaPi-II, and Na-K-ATPase), consistent with glomerulotubular imbalance in the face of increased single-nephron glomerular filtration rate; and 2) compensatory increases in BSC-1 and TSC expression per nephron occur in distal segments.
Logic for Computer Scientists (2008)

This book introduces the notions and methods of formal logic from a computer science standpoint, covering propositional logic, predicate logic, and foundations of logic programming. It presents applications and themes of computer science research such as resolution, automated deduction, and logic programming in a rigorous but readable way.The style and scope of the work, rounded out by the inclusion of exercises, make this an excellent textbook for an advanced undergraduate course in logic for computer scientists. This is a short introductory book on the topic of propositional and first-order logic, with a bias towards computer scientists. Schning decides to concentrate on computational issues, and gives us a short book (less than 170 pages) with a tight storyline. I found this a nicely written book with many examples and exercises (126 of them). The presentation is natural and easy to follow. This book seems suitable for a short course, a seminar series, or part of a larger course on Prolog and logic programming, probably at the advanced undergraduate level. SIGACT NewsContains examples and 126 interesting exercises which put the student in an active reading mode.... Would provide a good university short course introducing computer science students to theorem proving and logic programming. Mathematical ReviewsThis book concentrates on those aspects of mathematical logic which have strong connections with different topics in computer science, especially automated deduction, logic programming, program verification and semantics of programming languages.... The numerous exercises and illustrative examples contribute a great extent to a better understanding of different concepts and results. The book can be successfully used as a handbook for an introductory course in artificial intelligence. Zentralblatt MATH
Pre-Institutionalization Factors as Predictors of Adjustment to a Long-Term Care Facility (1974)

In a larger study of applicants to a long-term care facility (HEW/BHSR—formerly NCHSRD—supported Research Grant HS00470), a discriminant function was developed to distinguish between persons clinically judged as suited to residency in a long-term care facility from those judged less suited. Studying only those who were eventually institutionalized, this instrument was used to classify applicants. Based on pre- and post-measures derived from interview data, it was found that the “suited” group experienced an increase in life satisfaction, while the “less suited” group either stayed the same or decreased in life satisfaction.
Optimization of Preparative Conditions for Polylactide (PLA) Microspheres Containing Ovalbumin. (1995)

Polylactide (PLA) microspheres containing ovalbumin (OVA) as a model protein were prepared by a water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion solvent evaporation method. The optimization of preparative parameters for the PLA microspheres containing OVA were performed, and the in vitro characteristics of the obtained microspheres were examined. Firstly, a smaller internal aqueous phase volume was found to be advantageous in obtaining high loading efficiency. Secondly, the addition of 2-10% (w/v) NaCl into the external aqueous phase (0.5% (w/v) polyvinyl alcohol solution) also improved OVA loading efficiency. Prepared products showed a sharp release of OVA at the initial phase, but the following phase was characterized by a slow release rate of OVA that continued at least 28 d. The release rate of OVA from microspheres made of PLA with a molecular weight of 15400 was faster than that from microspheres made of PLA with a molecular weight of 58300. However, the LA/GA (lactide/glycolide) ratio was not likely to have much effect on the release profile of OVA. Finally, the effect of PLA microsphere particle size on the release profiles of OVA was examined. The extent of burst release at the initial phase increased as the mean diameter of prepared PLA microspheres decreased. For example, the PLA microspheres with a small mean diameter (5.0 microns) showed a 40% burst release, but almost 30% of OVA remained in the PLA microspheres (confirmed by HPLC method) after the 28 d release test, suggesting the possibility of using this carrier as a long-acting protein delivery system.
Baseline Heart Rate–adjusted Electrocardiographic Triggering for Coronary Artery Electron-Beam CT Angiography (2004)

Conventional electrocardiographic (ECG) triggering (group 1, 53 patients) was compared with baseline heart rate-adjusted ECG triggering (group 2, 54 patients) for coronary artery electron-beam computed tomographic (CT) angiography. CT angiographic data sets were compared blindly with conventional angiograms according to segment. Nonassessability of coronary artery segments was reduced from 35% in group 1 to 13% in group 2 (P < .001). More motion-free coronary artery images were obtained in group 2 than in group 1, especially in the right coronary artery (95% vs 67%, P < .001). Overall sensitivity and specificity for luminal stenosis (> or =50%) were 69% and 82% (group 1) and 76% and 92% (group 2) (P > .05 and P < .001, respectively). Baseline heart rate-adjusted ECG triggering improves image quality at coronary artery CT angiography for detection of coronary artery disease.
Practical application and implementation of distributed system-level diagnosis theory (2002)

A DSD (distributed self-diagnosing) project that consists of the implementation of a distributed self-diagnosis algorithm and its application to distributed computer networks is presented. The EVENT-SELF algorithm presented combines the rigor associated with theoretical results with the resource limitations associated with actual systems. Resource limitations identified in real systems include available message capacity for the communication network and limited processor execution speed. The EVENT-SELF algorithm differs from previously published algorithms by adopting an event-driven approach to self-diagnosability. Algorithm messages are reduced to those messages required to indicate changes in system those messages required to indicate changes in system state. Practical issues regarding the CMU-ECE DSD implementation are considered. These issues include the reconfiguration of the testing subnetwork for environments in which processors can be added and removed. One of the goals of this work is to utilize the developed CMU-ECE DSD system as an experimental test-bed environment for distributed applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Minimal Negative Gate Networks (1972)

A negative gate is a gate that can realize an arbitrary negative function (or monotone decreasing function) and a positive gate is one that can realize an arbitrary positive function (or monotone increasing function). This paper discusses methods of realizing a given logical function or a given set of logical functions using a minimum number of negative gates alone or using a minimum number of negative and positive gates.
STUDIES ON SHICHIJO'S REACTION (1966)

Although a number of clinical studies suggested that Shichijo's reaction is useful for the diagnosis of cancer of the stomach and other intestinal organs, the usefulness of this method has not been throughly evaluated in a large number of patients with cancer of intestinal tract. In the present experiment, diagnosis of cancer is made by combination of several laboratory methods (x-ray examination and histological study of the operated materials) and Shichijo's reaction has been performed repeatedly in these patients.1) Two hundred and one patients have cancer in the gastrointestinal tract and 157 patients of those showed positive Shichijo's reaction (78.1%). On the other hand, 108 of 2823 patients who have gastrointestinal tract diseases other than cancer did show positive Shichijo's reaction (3.8%).2) Eighty three of 201 patients have further received operation and clinical diagnosis was ascertained in all cases by histological examinations. Sixty eight of 83 cases showed positive Shichijo's reaction before operation (81.1%).3) In order to check whether or not other factors such as size of the palpable tumor, fecal occult blood and gastric acidity are responsible for the positive Shichijo's reaction, analysis was performed in all patients, but none of those factors were closely related to positive reaction.4) There was a slight correlation between the positive Shichijo's reaction and changes of plasma proteins.5) Shichijo's reaction was positive even in an early stage of stomach cancer.6) In some patients with stomach cancer, the test did not initially show positive reaction, but repeated tests showed positive reaction within one month in most of the patients (77.8%). Because of some unknown reasons, positive reaction was initially found in some patients without cancer. This false-positive reaction could be corrected by repeated examinations in most of the patients (78.8%).7) By combined application of Shichijo's and Matsubara's reaction, clinical diagnosis of cancer became more reliable.
Anticoagulation with Nafamostat Mesilate, a Synthetic Protease Inhibitor, in Hemodialysis Patients with a Bleeding Risk (1993)

Nafamostat mesilate (FUT) is a synthetic serine protease inhibitor with a short half-life that is used during hemodialysis (HD) in patients with a high risk of bleeding because it does not prolong the systemic coagulation time. To evaluate whether or not FUT is able to effectively prevent clot formation in the extracorporeal circuit without increasing systemic bleeding, HD using FUT was carried out for 33 sessions in 12 patients with a high risk of bleeding. FUT was continuously infused during HD at 20-40 mg/h to maintain a 2-fold prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) at the dialyzer outlet on the venous side of the circuit. No APTT prolongation was observed on the arterial side of the circuit before FUT infusion, and none of the patients showed increased bleeding during or after HD. However, clots formed in the arterial chamber (30.3%), the dialyzer (36.6%), and the venous chamber (15.1%). In 2 of the 12 patients, HD was discontinued due to clot formation despite sufficient prolongation of APTT. The mean levels of the thrombin-antithrombin III complex and prothrombin activation fragment 1 + 2 in the circuit gradually increased on both the arterial and venous sides during HD using FUT, and protein C activity decreased. No significant changes in these parameters occurred during heparin HD in the same patients after the bleeding episode had resolved. Despite sufficient prolongation of APTT in the circuit, FUT was less effective in suppressing thrombin generation when compared to heparin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Randomized Phase II Study of Interleukin-12 in Combination with Rituximab in Previously Treated Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients (2006)

The concomitant use of IL-12 and rituximab had modest disease activity in patients with B-cell NHL, but the sequential administration of IL-12 after rituximab did not result in additional clinical responses.
The Clinical Outcomes of Photodynamic Therapy in Early Lung Cancer Patients (2011)

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is effective in managing small superficial early lung cancer patients who were deemed nonsurgical candidates. However, we do not have any previous report on the usefulness of PDT in early lung cancer in South Korea. Thus we report here our experience of PDT in early lung cancer patients. Methods: 10 patients who underwent PDT for managing early lung cancer between June 2006 and July 2010 were analyzed. PDT was carried out 48 hours after photosensitizer injection. Re-bronchoscopy was carried out 48 hours after PDT in order to remove a necrotic tissue from the PDT site. For evaluation of PDT response, bronchoscopy and chest computed tomography (CT) were performed after 3 months. Results: The median age of patients was 69 (4977) and all patients were male. The smoking history of patients was 48 (2075) pack-year and the median follow up of patients was 25 (1152) months. Complete remission was observed in 10 patients and the recurrence of lung cancer was observed in 3 patients. Out of 10 patients, 3 patients died (one case of lung cancer progression and two cases of pneumonia).
A spoof detection method for contactless fingerprint collection utilizing spectrum and polarization diversity (2010)

The paper presents a spoof detection technique employing multi-spectral and multi-polarization imaging for a contactless fingerprint-capture system. While multispectral imaging has been proven to enable spoof detection for contact fingerprint imagers, these imagers typically rely on frustrated total internal reflection that requires a planar fingerprint, achieved by contact. The multispectral imaging method is based primarily on the difference in the spectral absorption profile between a real finger and a fake one. This paper will describe the expansion of this capability using blue and red light with contactless imaging in conjunction with polarization. This new method uses images at various rotated linear polarizations (each image representing a different value of specular and diffuse components), which are used to create the feature vectors representing the spectral and polarization diversity. The software extracts complex wavelet transforms (CWT) and FFT features from the images and builds a supervised learning method to train Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. Experimental data was collected from a diversity of human fingers and silicon based phantoms molded from the corresponding humans. Fake and actual fingerprints were collected using individuals with a large diversity in skin tone, age, and finger dimensions. Our initial results, with an accuracy rate of at least 83%, are promising and imply that using the polarization diversity can enhance the spoof detection performance.