gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colonic Fermentation of Ispaghula, Wheat Bran, Glucose, and Albumin to Short‐Chain Fatty Acids and Ammonia Evaluated in Vitro in 50 Subjects (1992)

The production of short-chain fatty acids and ammonia was measured in 16.6% fecal homogenates from 50 subjects incubated at 37 degrees C for 6 and 24 hours. All 50 homogenates produced ammonia and short-chain fatty acids of any chain length (C2-C5). Incubation for 24 hours with dietary fiber (ispaghula husk or wheat bran), albumin, or glucose (10 mg/mL) increased the short-chain fatty acid production (43.6 +/- 2.8, 45.4 +/- 2.0, 60.3 +/- 3.2, and 65.8 +/- 3.1 mmol/L, respectively) compared with controls (21.4 +/- 1.3 mmol/L). The degradation of different substrates was associated with the production of different amounts of ammonia and short-chain fatty acids. Ispaghula, wheat bran, albumin, and glucose were fermented to acetate (> 2 mmol/L; 24-hour incubations) in 86%, 96%, 98%, and 98% of the homogenates, to propionate in 80%, 76%, 100%, and 68%, and to butyrate in 32%, 94%, 88%, and 54% of the homogenates, respectively. Isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate were produced from albumin in all (100%) of the homogenates, but only in 2 to 4% of the homogenates incubated with ispaghula or glucose. Ammonia was always (100%) produced after the addition of albumin and always (98%) consumed (assimilated) when glucose was fermented. Surgery (sigmoid or right- or left-sided colonic resection) did not change the pattern of ammonia and short-chain fatty acid production from these substrates. This study suggests that the different colonic flora from a large number of subjects share general biochemical characteristics, which metabolize different substrates to specific patterns of ammonia and short-chain fatty acids.
A High Speed, Wide Dynamic Range Linear Dynasensor CCD Detector Array For Acousto-Optic Applications (1988)

Acousto-optic signal processing systems require linear detectors arrays with wide dynamic range and fast transient response. In the past, these two characteristics have not successfully been combined into a single integrated detector array with a large number of elements. DALSA's DYNASENSOR detector utilizes an optimized, ion implant doped, profiled MOSFET photodetector specifically designed for wide dynamic range. This detector, originally introduced by DALSA over a year ago, has been redesigned to improve transient response. The new device offers high speed, linear response characteristics at low light levels or short integration times (on the order of 1 microsecond). To achieve the short integration times necessary in acousto-optic applications, the DYNASENSOR has been implemented in a tapped array architecture with eight outputs and 256 photoelements. Operation of each output at 20 MHz yields detector integration times of 1.6 micro-seconds.
elF4G and its proteolytic cleavage products: effect on initiation of protein synthesis from capped, uncapped, and IRES-containing mRNAs. (1997)

Rhinovirus 2A and foot-and-mouth disease virus Lb proteinases stimulate the translation of uncapped messages and those carrying the rhinovirus and enterovirus Internal Ribosome Entry Segments (IRESes) by a mechanism involving the cleavage of host cell proteins. Here, we investigate this mechanism using an artificial dicistronic RNA containing the human rhinovirus IRES as intercistronic spacer. Because both proteinases cleave eukaryotic initiation factor 4G (eIF4G), we examined whether the cleavage products of eIF4G could stimulate uncapped or IRES-driven translation. Addition of intact eIF4F to translation extracts inhibited IRES-driven translation and reduced the translation stimulation observed in reactions pre-treated with Lb proteinase. Prolonged incubation of translation extracts with Lb proteinase removed all endogenous eIF4G and a substantial amount of the primary C- and N-terminal cleavage products. The translation of all mRNAs was reduced in such extracts. Capped mRNA translation was rescued by the addition of intact eIF4F. In contrast, addition of pre-cleaved eIF4F stimulated translation of uncapped or IRES-bearing messages to the levels seen upon proteinase addition. Furthermore, fractions containing the C-terminal, but not N-terminal, cleavage product of eIF4G stimulated translation moderately. These results demonstrate that the Lb and 2A proteinases stimulate translation of uncapped RNAs and those carrying IRESes by the production of cleavage products of eIF4G that enhance translation and by the removal of intact eIF4G that interferes with this stimulation.
Overhauling of a ASEA Robot IR6 with Open Architecture (2012)

Industrial robot retrofitting usually applies specific solutions for each type and size of robots. This work aims create universal control cabinet to get one interface with computer (PC) and the manipulator (arm, motors and position sensors), following worldwide tendencies of standardization in automation and control systems. In this system, the PC runs the trajectory generation program and sends actuators set-points over a parallel port connection. The cabinet synchronizes the joints' movements and returns to the PC the actual position of each axis. The retrofitting is to match the new robot technology by leveraging existing systems such as motors, sensors, feedback, power supplies and so on. The initial idea was to reduce costs, but we can not ensure the reliability of these used parts without knowing the historic of the same. For example, a motor used for decades until when will it work? There is not how offer guarantees of a robot, if we do not know the probability of failure of their systems. To solve these problems was introduced the concept of overhauling. In this new design only mechanical part of the old robot would be used, due to the fact that the exchange of electronic and electromechanical components do not greatly increase the cost of adaptation to new technologies.
Numerical methods for phase retrieval (2012)

In this work we consider the problem of reconstruction of a signal from the magnitude of its Fourier transform, also known as phase retrieval. The problem arises in many areas of astronomy, crystallography, optics, and coherent diffraction imaging (CDI). Our main goal is to develop an efficient reconstruction method based on continuous optimization techniques. Unlike current reconstruction methods, which are based on alternating projections, our approach leads to a much faster and more robust method. However, all previous attempts to employ continuous optimization methods, such as Newton-type algorithms, to the phase retrieval problem failed. In this work we provide an explanation for this failure, and based on this explanation we devise a sufficient condition that allows development of new reconstruction methods---approximately known Fourier phase. We demonstrate that a rough (up to $π/2$ radians) Fourier phase estimate practically guarantees successful reconstruction by any reasonable method. We also present a new reconstruction method whose reconstruction time is orders of magnitude faster than that of the current method-of-choice in phase retrieval---Hybrid Input-Output (HIO). Moreover, our method is capable of successful reconstruction even in the situations where HIO is known to fail. We also extended our method to other applications: Fourier domain holography, and interferometry. Additionally we developed a new sparsity-based method for sub-wavelength CDI. Using this method we demonstrated experimental resolution exceeding several times the physical limit imposed by the diffraction light properties (so called diffraction limit).
Long-term immunogenicity and safety after a single dose of the quadrivalent meningococcal serogroups A, C, W, and Y tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in adolescents and adults: 5-year follow-up of an open, randomized trial (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00356369.
Performance comparison of electrostatic lenses for field emission ion and electron sources (1987)

Four electrostatic lenses are analyzed with respect to field emission ion and electron sources for beam energies of 5 to 50 keV. The ion sources considered are the hydrogen field ionization and gallium liquid metal ion sources, while the electron source considered is the thermal field emission source. The lenses analyzed are (1) the three-element asymmetric lens of Orloff and Swanson, (2) the previous lens only reversed, (3) a symmetric version of the previous three-element lenses, and (4) the four-element condenser lens of Kurihara. For the extraction voltage (7.5 keV) and working distance (50 mm) used in this study, the asymmetric lens of Orloff–Swanson operating in the acceleration mode typically results in a smaller spot at low beam energies (5 keV), while the four-element lens of Kurihara operating in the acceleration mode results in a smaller spot at higher beam energies (&gt;15 keV).
Preferential proliferation of T cell receptor V <i>gamma</i> 3-positive cells in IL-2-stimulated fetal thymocytes. (1990)

Thymocyte cell suspensions, prepared from mice at different ages, were cultured in vitro with human rIL-2. This stimulation resulted in a cell population that contained almost 50% TCR-gamma delta-positive cells if thymocytes were taken from fetal day 17 until just after birth. Analysis of the variable (V gamma) region used by the TCR-gamma delta cells revealed that 90% of them expressed TCR-V gamma 3, and less than 5% expressed TCR-V gamma 2. Cells positive for TCR-alpha beta were barely detectable. If fetal day 18 organ cultured thymus lobes, instead of a cell suspension, were stimulated with IL-2, no rise in the number of TCR-V gamma 3+ or TCR-delta+ cells was observed, whereas a partial outgrowth of TCR-alpha beta+ cells occurred. From day 1 after birth, the number of TCR-gamma delta cells recovered from an IL-2-stimulated thymocyte cell suspension dropped to reach a plateau of 15% of the total cell number, whereas TCR-V gamma 3+ cells became undetectable in older animals. TCR-alpha beta+ cells, on the other hand, quickly rose in cell number after birth. Kinetic analysis showed that the preferential outgrowth of TCR-V gamma 3+ cells in IL-2-stimulated fetal day 18 thymocyte cell suspensions was present from the onset of the culture; a significant proliferation of CD4 or CD8 single positive TCR-alpha beta cells was never observed. This lack of proliferation of TCR-alpha beta cells was not due to inhibition by the activated TCR-V gamma 3+ cells. Throughout the IL-2 culture, one-fourth of the TCR-V gamma 3+ thymocytes was positive for CD8. Analysis of the DNA content and the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) p55 expression showed that during the first days of culture the TCR-V gamma 3+ cells had a much higher proliferation rate than the TCR-V gamma 3- cells, although TCR-V gamma 3+ IL2R p55+ cells could not be detected. From day 3 to 4 of culture, the proliferation rate of TCR-V gamma 3+ cells equaled that of the rest of the cells and less than 20% of the TCR-V gamma 3+ cells expressed the IL-2R p55. The biologic significance of our findings is discussed.
The scientific rationale and clinical application of short-chain fatty acids and medium-chain triacylglycerols (1996)

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Purification and Characterization of a Potato Tuber Acid Phosphatase Having Significant Phosphotyrosine Phosphatase Activity (1994)

The major acid phosphatase (APase) from potato (Solanum tuberosom L. cv Chiefton) tubers has been purified 2289-fold to near homogeneity and a final O-phospho-L-tyrosine (P-Tyr) hydrolyzing specific activity of 1917 [mu]mol Pi produced min-1 mg-1 of protein. Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the final preparation resolved a single protein-staining band that co-migrated with APase activity. Following sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, glycosylated polypeptides of 57 and 55 kD were observed. The two polypeptides are immunologically closely related, since both proteins cross-reacted on immunoblots probed with rabbit anti-(Brassica nigra APase) immunoglobulin G. Immunoblotting studies revealed that the 55-kD subunit did not arise via proteolytic cleavage of the 57-kD subunit after tissue extraction. The native molecular mass was approximately 100 kD, suggesting that the holoenzyme could exist as either a homodimer or a heterodimer. The enzyme displayed a pH optimum of 5.8, was activated 40% by 4 mM Mg2+, and was potently inhibited by molybdate, vanadate, and ZnCl2. The final preparation displayed the highest activity and specificity constant with P-Tyr, but also dephosphorylated other phosphomonoesters including p-nitrophenylphosphate, O-phospho-L-serine, phosphoenolpyruvate, PPi, and ATP. Antibodies to P-Tyr were used to demonstrate that several endogenous phosphotyrosylated tuber polypeptides could serve as in vitro substrates for the purified APase. Although the precise physiological significance of the potato APase's substantial in vitro activity with P-Tyr remains obscure, the possibility that this APase may function to dephosphorylate certain protein-located P-Tyr residues in vivo is suggested.
A bent-ends spiral antenna above a fan-shaped electromagnetic band-gap structure (2015)

This paper describes radiation characteristics of a bent-ends two-arm Archimedean spiral antenna above a fan-shaped electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure. The EBG structure consists of fan-shaped EBG patch cells. The fan-shaped EBG patches are arranged homogeneously in the circumferential direction but are set non-homogeneously in the radial direction. The analysis is performed using the method of moment. It is revealed that wideband radiation characteristics, including input impedance and axial ratio, are mitigated by replacing a perfect electric conductor (PEC) reflector with the fan-shaped EBG structure.
ANALYSIS OF THE FAST NEUTRON CROSS SECTION OF IRON. (1968)

The resonance peaks of the total cross section of iron were analyzed by single-level or multi-level formula for neutron energies from 0.5 MeV to 1.5 MeV. The resonance parameters and the quantum states of the compound nucleus were suggested. The statistical distributions of the level widths and Ievel spacings were comuared with theories. The differential cross sections were interpreted by the optical model.
Survival of Influenza Virus on Banknotes (2008)

Successful control of a viral disease requires knowledge of the different vectors that could promote its transmission among hosts. We assessed the survival of human influenza viruses on banknotes given that billions of these notes are exchanged daily worldwide. Banknotes were experimentally contaminated with representative influenza virus subtypes at various concentrations, and survival was tested after different time periods. Influenza A viruses tested by cell culture survived up to 3 days when they were inoculated at high concentrations. The same inoculum in the presence of respiratory mucus showed a striking increase in survival time (up to 17 days). Similarly, B/Hong Kong/335/2001 virus was still infectious after 1 day when it was mixed with respiratory mucus. When nasopharyngeal secretions of naturally infected children were used, influenza virus survived for at least 48 h in one-third of the cases. The unexpected stability of influenza virus in this nonbiological environment suggests that unusual environmental contamination should be considered in the setting of pandemic preparedness.
Gene expression levels assessed by oligonucleotide microarray analysis and quantitative real-time RT-PCR – how well do they correlate? (2005)

These results highlight the complementarity of oligonucleotide microarray and qRT-PCR technologies for validation of gene expression measurements, while emphasizing the continuing requirement for caution in interpreting gene expression data.
Magnetic and magneto-optical properties of rare-earth transition-metal alloys containing Gd, Tb, Fe, Co (1989)

Binary and ternary amorphous rare-earth transition-metal alloys of general composition RE1−x(Fe1−yCoy)x with RE=Gd, Tb and 0&lt;x&lt;1, 0≤y≤1 were prepared by evaporation. The saturation magnetization, uniaxial anisotropy, and Faraday rotation were investigated as a function of composition and temperature. Also, from the temperature-dependent measurements the compositional variation of the Curie temperature and the compensation temperature were determined. The experimental data have been analyzed in terms of the mean-field theory yielding spin values and effective exchange interaction energies. The compositional variation of the spin value was described by the environment model. The anisotropy data were fitted with a dipolar equation using the sublattice magnetizations inferred from the mean-field analysis. The magneto-optical effects are primarily caused by the transition metals. For the binaries GdFe and GdCo the compositional variation of the Kerr rotation typically peaks between 1000 and 1500 nm. The lowest magneto-optical effects for binary RE-Th alloys with respect to composition are reached at about x≊0.5 for T=4.2 K. The temperature dependence of the Faraday rotation can be well described in terms of the sublattice magnetizations.
Pyramid Match Kernels: Discriminative Classification with Sets of Image Features (version 2) (2006)

Discriminative learning is challenging when examples are sets of features, and the sets vary in cardinality and lack any sort of meaningful ordering. Kernel-based classification methods can learn complex decision boundaries, but a kernel over unordered set inputs must somehow solve for correspondences -- generally a computationally expensive task that becomes impractical for largeset sizes. We present a new fast kernel function which maps unordered feature sets to multi-resolution histograms and computes a weighted histogram intersection in this space. This ``pyramid match" computation is linear in the number of features, and it implicitly finds correspondences based on the finest resolution histogram cell where a matched pair first appears. Since the kerneldoes not penalize the presence of extra features, it is robust to clutter. We show the kernel function is positive-definite, making it valid for use in learning algorithms whose optimal solutions are guaranteed only for Mercer kernels. We demonstrate our algorithm on object recognition tasks and show it to be accurate and dramatically faster than current approaches. (This tech report updates MIT-CSAIL-TR-2005-017 and the paper "The Pyramid Match Kernel: Discriminative Classification with Sets of Images Features" which appeared in the proceedings of ICCV 2005.)
La educación superior y el trabajo con grupos sociales de atención prioritaria (2012)

Muchas comunidades urbanas de Costa Rica enfrentan problematicas de desigualdad y vulnerabilidad social, como es el caso de Guarari, Los Lagos y La Aurora de Heredia. Las universidades publicas han unido esfuerzos, por medio de la Extension Universitaria y Accion Social y con el financiamiento del Consejo Nacional de Rectores, para atender problemas reales de esas comunidades. Entre el 2009 y el 2010, se han desarrollado procesos formativos y dialogicos, con el fin de incidir en los modos de vida y en el aprovechamiento de oportunidades socio-economicas, individuales y colectivas. Este articulo presenta las experiencias obtenidas con la realizacion de un proyecto en particular, que conto con la participacion de mas de trescientas personas de la zona. Se realizaron acciones que van desde el diagnostico participativo hasta la ejecucion de una serie de modulos de formacion, de caracter no formal, que comprenden temas como la sexualidad, los estilos de vida saludables, las practicas democraticas, el emprendedurismo, planes de negocios, entre otros.
The role of structured content in a personalized news service (2005)

Digitalization of content and exponential growth of the Internet and electronic commerce are changing the media industry. The availability of structured content enables new ways to produce and deliver information. The paper explains the role of semantic metadata in developing content for an adaptive news service in the SmartPush-project. In SmartPush, news content is categorized using semi-automatic tools and pre-defined vocabularies. Metadata enhanced content is then matched against user profiles to provide customers with a personalized news service. After providing the personalized news to the customer, the SmartPush system adapts the personalization based on user feedback. The paper discusses the requirements of personalized content services and challenges in an approach based on structured metadata. We describe how supporting ontologies for the content were developed and maintained and what kinds of tools were developed to support the structured metadata creation. We also present some results of the pilot phase of the project and introduce some of the issues observed during the system implementation and in the performed field trial.
The Reaction of Acid Anhydrides with Anils (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Acid Anhydrides with AnilsH. R. Snyder, R. H. Levin, and P. F. WileyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 9, 2025–2027Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01276a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01276a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular structure of an aminosilane coupling agent as influenced by carbon dioxide in air, pH, and drying conditions (1983)

Abstract The molecular structures of the hydrolyzates of γ-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (γ-APS) were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The molecular structure of γ-APS is a function of the pH of the solution and the drying conditions. In the partially cured film, cast from a 20% by weight γ-APS aqueous solution at pH = 2, the amine group exists as a protonated amine; and at pH = 12 the amine group exists as a free NH2. The amine group exhibits different structures subject to drying conditions when prepared at natural pH. The sample dried in nitrogen exhibited hydrogen bonding between the SiOH and the NH2 group. Upon heating, the silanol groups condense and the amine groups no longer hydrogen bond. The increase in the availability of free amine groups was indicated by larger amounts of exchange of NH2 to ND2 when the sample was exposed to D2O vapor. When the hydrolyzecl γ-APS at natural pH was dried in CO2 or in air, a bicarbonate structure was formed, causing the appearance of bands at 1630, 1575, 1488, and 1332 cm−1. These bands were previously associated with the intramolecular zwitterions of Sio−…NH3 + E-glass fibers were treated with 2% γ-APS and dried under different conditions, which show the various structures of γ-APS as described above. Differences in γ-APS structures may affect the curing reactions of composite materials.