gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tetrahydrobiopterin restores endothelial dysfunction induced by an oral glucose challenge in healthy subjects (2003)

An oral glucose challenge causes transient impairment of endothelial function, probably because of increased oxidative stress. During oxidative stress, endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) becomes uncoupled because of decreased bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor of eNOS. Therefore, we examined whether an acute supplement of BH4 could restore endothelial dysfunction induced by an oral glucose challenge. Healthy subjects were examined in 53 experiments. Forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Dose-response studies were obtained during intra-arterial infusion of serotonin to elicit endothelium-dependent, NO-specific vasodilation and during sodium nitroprusside (SNP) infusion to elicit endothelium-independent vasodilation. Subjects were examined before (fasting) and 1 and 2 h after an oral glucose challenge (75 g) with serotonin (n = 10) and SNP (n = 8). On different days (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-l-biopterin dihydrochloride (6R-BH4; n = 10), the active cofactor of eNOS or its stereoisomer (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-l-biopterin sulfate (6S-BH4; n = 10), which is inactive as a cofactor, was added 10 min (500 microg/min) before and during the 1-h postchallenge serotonin dose-response study. In vitro studies showed that 6R-BH4 and 6S-BH4 were equipotent antioxidants. Serotonin response was reduced by 24 +/- 7% (at the highest dose) at 1 h postchallenge compared with fasting (P = 0.001) and was restored 2 h postchallenge. The reduction was reversed by the administration of 6R-BH4 but not by 6S-BH4. SNP responses were slightly increased 1 and 2 h postchallenge (increased by 15 +/- 13% at third dose 2 h postchallenge, P = 0.0001). An oral glucose challenge causes transient, NO-specific, endothelial dysfunction, which may be reversed by BH4. Transient postprandial endothelial dysfunction may be partly explained by reduced bioavailability of BH4 and NO.
A new algorithm for double talk detection and separation in the context of digital mobile radio telephone (2002)

The paper describes a new technique that enhances the voice activity detection (VAD) performance between the remote speaker (received signal) and the local speaker (located in the vehicle) in the context of mobile radio telephone environment. We use an auditory pitch and voiced/unvoiced detection (APD) algorithm in conjunction with an autoregressive (AR) analysis in order to remove the remote speaker's voice signal from the car hands-free microphone signal. The results are compared with a reference system that doesn't include the APD.
Endothelial cell activation (1998)

The endothelium is now recognised as not simply being an inert lining to blood vessels, as thought in the 1960s, but a highly specialised, metabolically active interface between blood and the underlying tissues—maintaining vascular tone, thromboresistance, and a selective permeability to cells and proteins. Moreover, under the stimulation of agents such as interleukin 1, the endothelium undergoes changes which allow it to participate in the inflammatory response; this is known as endothelial cell activation.

The term was coined in the 1960s by Willms-Kretschmer.1 He noted that in delayed hypersensitivity reactions the endothelium became plump and leaky and displayed increased quantities of biosynthetic organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum.1 He used the term activated to imply a change in function as well as morphology. In the 1980s an avalanche of papers showed that the newly discovered cytokines, interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor, changed surface molecules and thus the functions of cultured endothelial cells. To emphasise that these changes did not represent injury or dysfunction, Pober reintroduced the term …
Air Transportation of Primary Products - Possibilities and Implications (1946)

The extensive use of aircraft for transport of freight during the war period has focussed attention on the possibility of transporting a greatly increased volume of civilian goods by air in future. Perishable agricultural products appear to be one class of commodities which have potentialities as air freight. Such an advance in marketing technology, if it becomes a reality, is likely to have a marked effect on the production and distribution of perishables. Several research agencies, conscious of possibilities in this field of transportation, have been conducting investigations during the past few years. Air transportation of primary products is, however, no longer in the blue-print stage. Large scale shipments of fruit and vegetables by air have already been made on a commercial basis. In the latter months of 1945, a regular service carrying 60,000 lb. of perishable produce per week was being operated between California and cities of Eastern United States using seven freight planes. Small shipments of fruit and vegetables have also been made in this country.
Gel phase phospholipid in the plasma membrane of sterol-depleted mouse LM cells. Analysis by fluorescence polarization and x-ray diffraction. (1981)

Fluorescence polarization of cis- and trans-parinaric acid and high angle x-ray diffraction are used to examine the physical effects of in vitro sterol depletion of LM cell plasma membranes. Measurements on lipids isolated from the normal plasma membrane show that most of the lipid is fluid between 5 and 45 degrees C. When no sterol is present, approximately 15% of the phospholipids undergo gel phase formation, detectable by x-ray measurements, in this temperature range. Partial sterol repletion of the isolated phospholipids serves to lower the onset temperature of the phase transition, as well as to decrease the fraction of lipid undergoing a transition. Intact plasma membranes are sterol depleted by in vitro incubation with egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes. This induces a phase transition with an onset temperature increasingly above the physiological temperature as more sterol is removed from the membranes. The transition can be suppressed by returning sterol to the membranes. These experiments extend earlier work (Rintoul, D. A., Chou, S.-M., and Silbert, D. F. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 10070-10077) on isolated plasma membrane lipids by showing that sterol suppresses a phase transition in intact membranes as well as in isolated lipids. The correlation between gel phase formation upon sterol loss at the physiological temperature and loss of membrane glucose transport function is discussed.
A robust type II hybrid ARQ scheme with code combining for mobile communications (2002)

A type II hybrid ARQ (automatic repeat request) scheme, using convolutional coding and code combining, is proposed and analyzed for the land mobile communication system. The protocol adopts an adaptive coding scheme for the header which selects the code rate according to the channel conditions. A simple channel estimation technique is used together with a code synchronization procedure. Simulation results have shown that a significant throughput improvement is achieved with the proposed scheme over the conventional type II hybrid ARQ scheme under severe channel conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mobile robot mosaic imaging of vehicle undercarriages using catadioptric vision (2012)

This paper describes a technique for performing imaging of car undercarriages using a mobile robot fitted with a catadioptric camera. The mobile robot follows a visual based pre-computed path which trisects the undercarriage whilst the catadioptric camera sensor records a wide angle view of the undercarriage as the robot traverses the undercarriage forwards and backwards. Odometry data from the mobile robot is used to dynamically generate a region of interest, reducing the search space for image registration where the images are stitched together to form a complete undercarriage mosaic, reducing computation time by 18%. In contrast to a regular camera which would require 7 passes, the proposed catadioptric imaging system can image the majority of the undercarriage in 2, reducing image acquisition time by 70%. The technique is verified through mosaicing algorithms applied to experimental data and shows promise for undercarriage explosive detection robots.
A posteriori navigator echo for perfusion imaging of the liver with contrast ultrasound (2005)

This paper proposes a strategy to minimize respiratory motion artifacts in ultrasound contrast imaging sequences, and to enable parametric imaging from time sequences. This strategy, originated from navigator-echo techniques in MRI, has been tested on contrast ultrasound sequences, to study perfusion of the liver. A respiratory component is first estimated by an independent component analysis (ICA), then two subsets of frames corresponding to the minima and maxima of the respiratory cycle are selected. Finally, factor analysis is applied to each resulting sequence - two main perfusion kinetics are estimated: one is related to the early contrast uptake in the tumor, the other one is related to the normal perfusion of the liver. In conclusion this preliminary approach makes possible parametric imaging, and should facilitate quantification.
Chemopreventive efficacy of sulindac sulfone against colon cancer depends on time of administration during carcinogenic process. (1999)

Epidemiological and model studies with laboratory animals have provided evidence that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the risk of colon cancer. Sulindac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been shown to inhibit azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats when administered continuously before, during, and after carcinogen treatment (initiation and postinitiation periods) or when given continuously beginning 14 weeks after carcinogen administration (promotion/ progression stage). The present study was designed to investigate the chemopreventive efficacy of sulindac sulfone (exisulind), the sulfone metabolite of sulindac, when administered during the promotion/progression stage of colon carcinogenesis in comparison to the effect during the initiation and postinitiation periods. We have also studied the modulating effect of exisulind on colonic tumor apoptosis. At 5 weeks of age, groups of male F344 rats were fed diets containing 0%, 0.06%, and 0.12% exisulind. At 7 weeks of age, groups of animals were injected s.c. with AOM (15 mg/kg body weight, once weekly for 2 weeks). Animals intended for the promotion/progression study and receiving 0% exisulind were switched to an experimental diet containing 0.12% exisulind at 14 weeks after the second AOM treatment. All rats remained on their respective dietary regimens until the termination of the study, 50 weeks after the second AOM injection. Colon tumors were evaluated histopathologically for tumor type. Administration of 0.06% and 0.12% exisulind during the initiation and postinitiation periods significantly inhibited the incidence and multiplicity of invasive and/or noninvasive adenocarcinomas of the colon. The inhibition of colon tumorigenesis by exisulind was associated with a significant retardation of body weight gain shortly after sulfone administration and increased apoptosis in the colon tumors. In contrast, administration of the higher dose (0.12%) of exisulind during the promotion/progression stage had only minimal effects on colon tumorigenesis and apoptosis in the colon tumors, suggesting that early administration, but not late administration, may be required for chemopreventive efficacy of this drug.
Relative contributions of TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels in the activation of vagal bronchopulmonary C‐fibres by the endogenous autacoid 4‐oxononenal (2008)

Transient receptor potential (TRP) A1 channels are cation channels found preferentially on nociceptive sensory neurones, including capsaicin-sensitive TRPV1-expressing vagal bronchopulmonary C-fibres, and are activated by electrophilic compounds such as mustard oil and cinnamaldehyde. Oxidative stress, a pathological feature of many respiratory diseases, causes the endogenous formation of a number of reactive electrophilic alkenals via lipid peroxidation. One such alkenal, 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), activates TRPA1 in cultured sensory neurones. However, our data demonstrate that 100 microm 4HNE was unable to evoke significant action potential discharge or tachykinin release from bronchopulmonary C-fibre terminals. Instead, another endogenously produced alkenal, 4-oxononenal (4ONE, 10 microm), which is far more electrophilic than 4HNE, caused substantial action potential discharge and tachykinin release from bronchopulmonary C-fibre terminals. The activation of mouse bronchopulmonary C-fibre terminals by 4ONE (10-100 microm) was mediated entirely by TRPA1 channels, based on the absence of responses in C-fibre terminals from TRPA1 knockout mice. Interestingly, although the robust increases in calcium caused by 4ONE (0.1-10 microm) in dissociated vagal neurones were essentially abolished in TRPA1 knockout mice, at 100 microm 4ONE caused a large TRPV1-dependent response. Furthermore, 4ONE (100 microm) was shown to activate TRPV1 channel-expressing HEK cells. In conclusion, the data support the hypothesis that 4-ONE is a relevant endogenous activator of vagal C-fibres via an interaction with TRPA1, and at less relevant concentrations, it may activate nerves via TRPV1.
A 336-kbit content addressable memory for highly parallel image processing (2002)

This paper describes a 336-kbit (4 kwords/spl times/84 bits) Content Addressable Memory (CAM) LSI with dedicated functions for highly parallel image processing. This LSI can operate as a SIMD PE array, and is a key component of a CAM-based system, HiPIC (Highly-parallel Integrated Circuits and System). New hit-flag generation and multiple-response-resolution schemes are also incorporated in this LSI. A total of 4.2 million transistors are integrated using 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process technology. The CAM LSI and HiPIC concept described here will make a significant contribution to the development of real-time image processing systems.
Current density in exchange-correlation functionals: Application to atomic states (2002)

An old and yet unsolved problem in density-functional theory is the strong dependence of degenerate open-shell atomic energies on the occupancy of the atomic orbitals. This arises from the fact that degenerate atomic orbitals of different ml do not have equivalent densities. Approximate density functionals therefore give energies depending strongly on which orbitals are occupied. This problem is solved in the present work by incorporating current density into the calculations using a current-density dependent functional previously published by the author.
Control solutions for robots using Android and iOS devices (2012)

As more Soldiers seek to utilize robots to enhance their mission capabilities, controls are needed which are intuitive, portable, and adaptable to a wide range of mission tasks. Android™ and iOS™ devices have the potential to meet each of these requirements as well as being based on readily available hardware. This paper will focus on some of the ways in which an Android™ or iOS™ device could be used to control specific and varied robot mobility functions and payload tools. Several small unmanned ground vehicle (SUGV) payload tools will have been investigated at Camp Pendleton during a user assessment and mission feasibility study for automatic remote tool changing. This group of payload tools will provide a basis, to researchers, concerning what types of control functions are needed to fully utilize SUGV robotic capabilities. Additional, mobility functions using tablet devices have been used as part of the Safe Operation of Unmanned systems for Reconnaissance in Complex Environments Army Technology Objective (SOURCE ATO) which is investigating the safe operation of robotics. Using Android™ and iOS™ hand-held devices is not a new concept in robot manipulation. However, the authors of this paper hope to introduce some novel concepts that may serve to make the interaction between Soldier and machine more fluid and intuitive. By creating a better user experience, Android™ and iOS™ devices could help to reduce training time, enhance performance, and increase acceptance of robotics as valuable mission tools for Soldiers.
Quantifying the difficulty of object recognition tasks via scaling of accuracy vs. training set size (2010)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Effect of Glycine/Citric Acid on the Dissolution Stability of Hard Gelatin Capsules (1998)

Gelatin capsule crosslinking is a well-known phenomenon that results in reduced dissolution of capsule products with the passage of time and/or under accelerated stability conditions. These studies describe one means of preventing capsule crosslinking by incorporating glycine and citric acid into a triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide 37.5/25 mg capsule formulation (triam/HCTZ). Triam/HCTZ without glycine and citric acid showed extensive capsule crosslinking and then failed the USP dissolution specification after a 4-week accelerated (40 degrees C/85% relative humidity [RH]) stability study. Triam/HCTZ containing glycine alone showed some improvement in the dissolution stability but did not prevent gelatin crosslinking. This formulation also failed dissolution specifications after a 4-week accelerated stability study. The same results were obtained when only citric acid was incorporated into the triam/HCTZ. However when glycine and citric acid were incorporated together into the triam/HCTZ, crosslinking was completely prevented. Dissolution profiles remained the same throughout 12-week accelerated stability studies, with little or no drop in the dissolution values throughout the test period. The above results were confirmed with follow-up studies using gemfibrozil and piroxicam as model drugs. Disintegration times for gemfibrozil and piroxicam capsule formulations without glycine and citric acid increased dramatically with observed pellicle formation, but there was little or no change in the disintegration time of the model drugs formulated with glycine and citric acid. The results of these studies demonstrated that when glycine and citric acid are present in some gelatin capsule formulations, pellicle formation or crosslinking of the capsule gelatin is prevented.
GaAlAs/GaAs Surface Emitting Laser with High Reflective TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> Multilayer Bragg Reflector (1987)

First, it has been made clear that the important parameters of the SE laser are its active layer thickness d and the mirror reflectivity R . The required values of three parameters such as threshold gain g th , threshold current density J th , and differencial quantum efficiency η d are obtained for d =2∼3 µm and R =95%. At this condition g th is estimated as 300 cm -1 ( N th =3×10 18 cm -3 ), J th is 25∼30 kA/cm 2 , and η d is 40%. Next, in order to obtain a reflectivity as high as 95%, a TiO 2 /SiO 2 multilayer Bragg reflector was introduced. It was found that a good quality TiO 2 film could be evaporated by leaking oxygen through a variable leak valve to hold 1×10 -4 Torr. Then, a 7-pair TiO 2 /SiO 2 multilayer Bragg reflector was fabricated; its peak reflectivity was 95% at 8800 Å. A room-temperature pulsed operation of a GaAlAs/GaAs SE layer was achieved and the minimum threshold current was reduced to as low as 150 mA when a round mesa was fabricated to 20 µm in diam.
Muon Collider: Plans, Progress and Challenges (2012)

We in the physics community expect the LHC to uncover new physics in the next few years. The character and energy scale of the new physics remain unclear, but it is likely that data from the LHC will need to be complemented by information from a lepton collider which can provide for precise examination of new phenomena. We describe the concept, accelerator design, and detector R&D for a high energy Muon Collider as well as the challenges associated with the machine and its detector environment.
Observing Majorana bound States in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>-Wave Superconductors Using Noise Measurements in Tunneling Experiments (2007)

The zero-energy bound states at the edges or vortex cores of chiral p-wave superconductors should behave like Majorana fermions. We introduce a model Hamiltonian that describes the tunneling process when electrons are injected into such states. Using a nonequilibrium Green function formalism, we find exact analytic expressions for the tunneling current and noise and identify experimental signatures of the Majorana nature of the bound states to be found in the shot noise. We discuss the results in the context of different candidate materials that support triplet superconductivity. Experimental verification of the Majorana character of midgap states would have important implications for the prospects of topological quantum computation.
Learning expressive linkage rules using genetic programming (2012)

A central problem in data integration and data cleansing is to find entities in different data sources that describe the same real-world object. Many existing methods for identifying such entities rely on explicit linkage rules which specify the conditions that entities must fulfill in order to be considered to describe the same real-world object. In this paper, we present the GenLink algorithm for learning expressive linkage rules from a set of existing reference links using genetic programming. The algorithm is capable of generating linkage rules which select discriminative properties for comparison, apply chains of data transformations to normalize property values, choose appropriate distance measures and thresholds and combine the results of multiple comparisons using non-linear aggregation functions. Our experiments show that the GenLink algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art genetic programming approach to learning linkage rules recently presented by Carvalho et. al. and is capable of learning linkage rules which achieve a similar accuracy as human written rules for the same problem.
Understanding anesthesia equipment : construction care and complications (1994)

Compressed gas containers medical gas piping systems anaesthesia machines vaporizers breathing systems - general considerations, Mapleson systems, circle systems resuscitation breathing systems humidification anaesthesia ventilators controlling trace gas levels hazards of anaesthesia machines and breathing systems face masks and airways laryngoscopes tracheal tubes anaesthesia gas monitoring vigilance aids and maintenance cleaning and sterilization.