gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pentoxifylline Promotes Replication of Human Cytomegalovirus In Vivo and In Vitro (1997)

OKT3 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) therapy is well established in the prevention and therapy of acute rejection in transplant patients. Unfortunately, this therapy is associated with several short-term (cytokine release syndrome) and long-term (infections, EBV-related lymphoma) side effects. Recently, we were able to demonstrate an association between the TNFα release following the first OKT3 MoAb infusions and the appearance of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) reactivation several days later. In order to prevent this TNFα associated HCMV reactivation patients were additionally treated with pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative that has been shown to suppress TNFα induction. Although the TNFα peak plasma level following OKT3 MoAb treatment was markedly reduced, the incidence of HCMV reactivation and HCMV disease was not influenced. In transient transfection experiments using HCMV immediate early enhancer/promoter CAT reporter gene constructs PTX enhanced the promoter activity independently from TNFα in premonocytic cells. Furthermore, PTX acted synergistically with TNFα. In virus-infected human embryonal lung fibroblasts HCMV replication was triggered in the presence of both PTX and TNFα, while either substance alone had only marginal effects. The stimulatory effect of PTX on the immediate early (IE) enhancer/promoter was mediated via CREB/ATF, a eukaryotic transcription factor that binds to the 19 bp sequence motif in the enhancer region, while TNFα stimulation was mediated by activation of the transcription factor NF-kB and its binding to the 18 bp sequence motif in the enhancer. These data suggest a potential side effect of cAMP-elevating drugs such as PTX.
Inhibition of cortical acetylcholine release and cognitive performance by histamine H<sub>3</sub> receptor activation in rats (1996)

1. The effects of histamine and agents at histamine receptors on spontaneous and 100 mM K(+)-evoked release of acetylcholine, measured by microdialysis from the cortex of freely moving, rats, and on cognitive tests are described. 2. Local administration of histamine (0.1-100 microM) failed to affect spontaneous but inhibited 100 mM K(+)-stimulated release of acetylcholine up to about 50%. The H3 receptor agonists (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (RAMH) (0.1-10 microM), imetit (0.01-10 microM) and immepip (0.01-10 microM) mimicked the effect of histamine. 3. Neither 2-thiazolylethylamine (TEA), an agonist showing some selectivity for H1 receptors, nor the H2 receptor agonist, dimaprit, modified 100 mM K(+)-evoked release of acetylcholine. 4. The inhibitory effect of 100 microM histamine was completely prevented by the highly selective histamine H3 receptor antagonist, clobenpropit but was resistant to antagonism by triprolidine and cimetidine, antagonists at histamine H1 and H2 but not H3 receptors. 5. The H3 receptor-induced inhibition of K(+)-evoked release of acetylcholine was fully sensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX). 6. The effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of imetit (5 mg kg-1) and RAMH (5 mg kg-1) were tested on acetylcholine release and short term memory paradigms. Both drugs reduced 100 mM K(+)-evoked release of cortical acetylcholine, and impaired object recognition and a passive avoidance response. 7. These observations provide the first evidence of a regulatory role of histamine H3 receptors on cortical acetylcholine release in vivo. Moreover, they suggest a role for histamine in learning and memory and may have implications for the treatment of degenerative disorders associated with impaired cholinergic function.
Estimating the minimum distance of turbo-codes using double and triple impulse methods (2005)

A long-standing problem for turbo-codes has been the efficient and accurate determination of the distance spectrum, or even just the minimum distance, for specific interleavers. This letter compares a number of distance estimation techniques and introduces two new approaches based on iterative processing. The new approaches are more reliable and are particularly useful for long blocks with high minimum distances. Distance measurement results are presented for random, high-spread random (HSR) and dithered relative prime (DRP) interleavers.
Synthesis of Aromatic Glycidyl Esters. (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSynthesis of Aromatic Glycidyl Esters.S. R. Sandler and F. R. BergCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1966, 11, 3, 447–448Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60030a054https://doi.org/10.1021/je60030a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Subtle twists refine lowly twisted-pair - [News] (2002)

INNOVATIONS - In communications news today fiber optics gets all the buzz; but data usually arrive at our desktops over cabling that looks more like telephone wire. In most offices, the so-called horizontal run from the wiring closet to our PCs is over a bundle of four unshielded twisted wire pairs whose performance has improved steadily, if invisibly, over the years. First, the wire accommodated Ethernet, then Fast Ethernet, and most recently, Gigabit Ethernet.
A BSP approach to the scheduling of tightly-nested loops (2002)

This paper addresses the scheduling of uniform-dependence loop nests within the framework of the bulk-synchronous parallel (BSP) model. Two broad classes of tightly-nested loops are identified in the paper and scheduled according to the BSP discipline, and the resulting schedules are analysed in terms of the BSP cost model.
Solving test suite reduction problem using greedy and genetic algorithms (2017)

Regression testing is an important process for software quality. Test case reduction is one of the widely used techniques for regression testing, which can dramatically decrease the testing costs. However, it is an NP-complete problem and big test cases cannot be accomplished in reasonable amount of time. For this reason, we propose a test suite reduction approach by using greedy and genetic algorithms. The greedy algorithm found a wide usage in previous studies thanks to its simplicity, but we already know that it sticks to local optima and does not benefit from metaheuristics. Thus, we used genetic algorithm to overcome its weaknesses. Our experimental results prove that metaheuristics and evolutionary algorithms perform better than the greedy approaches.
Profiling Early Humoral Response to Diagnose Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) (2020)

The humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 can aid in the diagnosis of COVID-19, including subclinical cases.
Transonic Drag of Several Jet-noise Suppressors (1958)

Investigation of the aerodynamic drag of several jet noise suppressors over a range of Mach numbers and several nozzle pressure ratios. The least drag was caused by lobe-type suppressors. The eight-lobe nozzle with ejector caused the greatest amount of drag.
Click Polymerization: Progresses, Challenges, and Opportunities (2010)

Chemical transformations of small molecules have served as a rich source of reactions for the development of new polymerization processes, and “click” reaction has the potential to become a powerful polymerization technique. We herein give a brief account of the research efforts devoted to the development of click reaction into a new polymerization process. Remarkable progresses have been made in recent years in the exploration of metal-mediated and metal-free click polymerization systems and in the syntheses of linear and hyperbranched polytriazoles with regioregular molecular structures and advanced functional properties. We also discuss the existing limitations and challenges as well as the promising opportunities and directions in fostering the click polymerization into a versatile tool for the construction of new macromolecules with well-defined structures and multifaceted functionalities.
Servo Technology of R-DAT (1986)

The CTL tracking method is usually employed in VTRs etc.. in order to make the CTL tracking possible, the CTL signal synchronizing with reference signal is recorded on the tape and, during playback, the tracking servo works to maintain a constant phase between the drum revolution and the CTL signal. The CTL therefore, requires a stationary head to record or read the CTL signal, which opposes to simplify the mechanism. Furthermore, the manual tracking control is necessary, as the mechanical factors (for example, X-value, head mounting accuracy, and so on) introduce tracking error.
FLAVODOXIN EXPRESSION AS AN INDICATOR OF IRON LIMITATION IN MARINE DIATOMS<sup>1</sup> (1995)

ABSTRACT We have prevously shown that a marine chlorophyte expressed flavodoxin under iron limitation but not under other nutrient stress conditions. Here we use polyclonal antiserum raised against the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin to show that a similar response is observed in this species. Using our antibody, western blotting techniques, and standard colorimetric detection (4‐chloro‐1‐naphthol), we can detect at least a 25–50‐fold increase in flavodoxin in iron‐depleted compared to iron‐replete cells. In iron‐limited batch cultures of P. tricornulum, flavodoxin accumulation was inversely proportional to growth rate and was not detectable in cultures containing initially more than 750 nm of iron. We demonstrated that the accumulation of flavodoxin under iron stress is widespread among marine diatoms and that it may be possible to use the presence or absence of flavodoxin in natural marine diatom assemblages to detect iron limitation. However, our polyclonal antisera appears to be specific for diatoms and did not cross‐react with Synechococcus sp ., Micromonas pusilla ( Butcher) Manton et Parke , Dunaliella tertiolecta Butcher , Chlorella sp ., Emiliania huxleii ( Lohm.) Hay et Parke, or Isochrysis galbana Parke. A reverse bioassay experiment was conducted with natural phytoplankton assemblages containing mainly diatoms from Long Island Sound and in shelf waters near Cape Hatteras, two areas not suspected to be iron‐limited. Although flavodoxin was not detected in situ in these areas, natural populations of diatoms driven into iron limitation expres.sed flavodoxin. Flavodoxin was detected in mats of the diatom Rhizosolenia castracanei Cleve collected from the Equatorial Pacific during a JGOFS cruise in 1992, consistent with the hypothesis that iron may be limiting in this high‐nutrient, low‐chlorophyll region .
Fast Newton-type Methods for the Least Squares Nonnegative Matrix Approximation Problem (2007)

Nonnegative Matrix Approximation is an effective matrix decomposition technique that has proven to be useful for a wide variety of applications ranging from document analysis and image processing to bioinformatics. There exist a few algorithms for nonnegative matrix approximation (NNMA), for example, Lee & Seung's multiplicative updates, alternating least squares, and certain gradient descent based procedures. All of these procedures suffer from either slow convergence, numerical instabilities, or at worst, theoretical un-soundness. In this paper we present new and improved algorithms for the least-squares NNMA problem, which are not only theoretically well-founded, but also overcome many of the deficiencies of other methods. In particular, we use non-diagonal gradient scaling to obtain rapid convergence. Our methods provide numerical results superior to both Lee & Seung's method as well to the alternating least squares (ALS) heuristic, which is known to work well in some situations but has no theoretical guarantees (Berry et al. 2006). Our approach extends naturally to include regularization and box-constraints, without sacrificing convergence guarantees. We present experimental results on both synthetic and real-world datasets to demonstrate the superiority of our methods, in terms of better approximations as well as efficiency.
Detection of salient object using pixel blurriness (2012)

In this paper we propose a method to detect salient object in still image and non-slow motion background video. The key technique is measuring pixel blurriness. Generally speaking, salient object was taken in focus, pixels within salient object should be sharper than those within background. In the first step image intensity is extracted, and then four different-size average filters are applied to intensity. Subsequently, variation of intensity differences (VID) is computed among the original intensity and four blurred versions. The VID is employed to represent degree of pixel blurriness. Finally, a thresholding method is applied to pixels' blurriness in order to distinguish salient object from background, and salient object is composed of low-blurriness pixels. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method is efficient in detection of salient object in still image and non-slow motion background video. Moreover, our method has better detection performance than the two compared methods.
Ortho metalation directed by .alpha.-amino alkoxides (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrtho metalation directed by .alpha.-amino alkoxidesDaniel L. Comins and Jack D. BrownCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1984, 49, 6, 1078–1083Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00180a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00180a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4624Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Progesterone Exacerbates Striatal Stroke Injury in Progesterone-Deficient Female Animals (2000)

Exogenous progesterone therapy does not ameliorate histological injury after MCAO in previously ovariectomized, adult female rats. Furthermore, chronic progesterone administration can exacerbate infarction in subcortical regions.
Aggressive navigation using high-speed natural feature point tracking (2014)

Presently, most autonomous aerial vehicles rely on satellite navigation such as GPS to sense their position in the earth reference frame. However, reliance on GPS restricts the vehicle to missions where GPS signals are readily received. Motion capture systems are capable of indoor localization but require large infrastructure and are prone to occlusion. To overcome these restrictions, a self-contained high-speed vision system was developed at the University of Tokyo in collaboration with Boeing Research & Technology. The system has been flight tested and shown to be capable of drift-free position and attitude estimates without any reliance on GPS signals. Furthermore, the positional accuracy and update rate is at least one order of magnitude superior to that of uncorrected GPS. The vision system combines a high-speed camera with a lightweight computer and power supply into a self-contained computer-vision package. The computer processes the incoming image stream with a modified version of the University of Oxford Parallel Tracking and Mapping (PTAM) SLAM algorithm. Using this algorithm, the location and pose of the camera (and the MA V it is attached to) is estimated as it moves through space by mapping natural features as they first appear and by tracking those features as they move through or reappear in the camera's view. Our vision system was demonstrated using a hexacopter test bed. In a pair of experiments, the hexacopter was able to autonomously repeat a circuit of takeoffs and landings at predetermined separated sites using only MEMs gyro sensors and our vision system. One experiment was performed inside Boeing's motioncapture equipped Collaborative Systems Laboratory (CSL) to prove independence from GPS and to measure the accuracy of the vision system. The hexacopter performed 5 circuits of the navigation task over an area approximately 8 x 8 m at an altitude of approximately 2 m. The vision system's camera was set to provide an image stream of 640 x 480 pixel resolution at 50 Hz. Upon comparison with motion capture data, position estimates from the vision system were shown to be free of drift, with an average error of 2.2 cm and a maximum error of 9.7 cm when the vision system coordinate frame was optimally aligned to the motion capture coordinate frame. A second experiment was performed in an open outdoor area, allowing for safe execution of more aggressive maneuvering. In this experiment, the vision system's camera was set to provide an image stream of 320 x 240 pixel resolution at 120 Hz. This experiment demonstrated the ability to perform takeoffs, landings and transit at higher speeds than was demonstrated in the indoor experiment.
Nonisotopic M13 probes for detecting the beta-globin gene: application to diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. (1987)

M13 DNA probes labeled with biotinylated psoralen and a streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate provide nonradioactive detection of the sickle cell and normal alleles of the beta-globin locus. The two biotinylated probes contain single-stranded sequences complementary to two different Sau3AI restriction fragments from the 5' region of the beta-globin gene and double-stranded M13 vector sequences. These probes are labeled with biotinylated psoralen photochemically linked to DNA. After hybridization, the presence of biotinylated probe bound to target DNA is detected in 3 h by using a streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate and the substrate, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine. Digestion of the normal (beta A) allele of the beta-globin gene with MstII (or isoschizomers) yields a 1.14-kb restriction fragment, while digestion of the mutant beta S allele yields a 1.34-kb fragment. These fragments can be resolved by gel electrophoresis and detected by Southern blot hybridization. The nonradioisotopic probe system can detect the beta-globin restriction fragment in as little as 0.5 microgram of human DNA and can distinguish heterozygotes (beta A beta S) from homozygotes (beta A beta A or beta S beta S) in 2.0 micrograms of human DNA.
Very low penetrance in 85 Japanese families with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 1A (2004)

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is the third most common form of muscular disorder with an autosomal dominant trait, and its frequency is about one in 20 000. It is characterised by weakness and atrophy of the facial, shoulder girdle, and upper limb muscles. The pelvic girdle and lower limbs subsequently also become involved, and, eventually, 20% of patients have to use wheelchairs by the age of 40 years.1 Most patients develop clinical symptoms in late childhood or adolescence, although the onset of the disease and its clinical severity are heterogeneous.

The FSHD locus was mapped to the subtelomeric region of the long arm of chromosome 4 by genetic linkage analysis.2–4 More than 95% of patients with FSHD had a small (<35 kb) Eco RI fragment on chromosome 4q35 on southern blotting analysis with the probe p13E-11 (FSHD1A; MIM 158900).5–8 This Eco RI fragment contains tandem repeats of the 3.3 kb Kpn I unit (D4Z4). The number of D4Z4 repeats varies from 11 to 150 in healthy people, although the number is fewer than 11 in patients with FSHD1A.6,8 Although no responsible gene has been isolated within the FSHD region, the number of D4Z4 repeats is a critical determinant of the age of onset and clinical severity of the disease. In general, 1–3 D4Z4 repeats are associated with a severe form of the disease that presents in childhood, 4–7 repeats with the most common form of FSHD, and 8–10 repeats with a milder disease and reduced penetrance.8–12

Probe p13E-11 crosshybridises with chromosome 10q26, which contains highly homologous 3.3 kb Kpn I repeated units. As the Bln I restriction enzyme site exists exclusively within each unit derived from 10q26, but not in D4Z4 (a unit from 4q35), double enzyme digestion with Eco RI …
Modulation of α5 Subunit‐Containing<scp>GABA<sub>A</sub></scp>Receptors Alters Alcohol Drinking by Rhesus Monkeys (2012)

These findings suggest a prominent and specific role for α5GABAA receptor mechanisms in the reinforcing effects of alcohol. Moreover, these results suggest that α5GABAA receptors may represent a novel pharmacological target for the development of medications to reduce drinking. Of ligands modulating this receptor, α5GABAA receptor inverse agonists may hold the most promise as alcohol pharmacotherapies.
Structural Insights into the Mechanism of PEPCK Catalysis<sup>,</sup> (2006)

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase catalyzes the reversible decarboxylation of oxaloacetic acid with the concomitant transfer of the gamma-phosphate of GTP to form PEP and GDP as the first committed step of gluconeogenesis and glyceroneogenesis. The three structures of the mitochondrial isoform of PEPCK reported are complexed with Mn2+, Mn2+-PEP, or Mn2+-malonate-Mn2+ GDP and provide the first observations of the structure of the mitochondrial isoform and insight into the mechanism of catalysis mediated by this enzyme. The structures show the involvement of the hyper-reactive cysteine (C307) in the coordination of the active site Mn2+. Upon formation of the PEPCK-Mn2+-PEP or PEPCK-Mn2+-malonate-Mn2+ GDP complexes, C307 coordination is lost as the P-loop in which it resides adopts a different conformation. The structures suggest that stabilization of the cysteine-coordinated metal geometry holds the enzyme as a catalytically incompetent metal complex and may represent a previously unappreciated mechanism of regulation. A third conformation of the mobile P-loop in the PEPCK-Mn2+-malonate-Mn2+ GDP complex demonstrates the participation of a previously unrecognized, conserved serine residue (S305) in mediating phosphoryl transfer. The ordering of the mobile active site lid in the PEPCK-Mn2+-malonate-Mn2+ GDP complex yields the first observation of this structural feature and provides additional insight into the mechanism of phosphoryl transfer.