gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How overdrying wood reduces its bonding to phenol-formaldehyde adhesives : a critical review of the literature. Part II, Chemical reactions (1990)

Literature dealing with the effect of excessive drying (overdrying) on wood surface inactivation to bonding is reviewed in two parts and critically evaluated, primarily for phenolic adhesives.Part I of the review, published earlier, covers physical mechanisms that could contribute to surface inactivation.The principal physical mechanism is the migration to the surface of extractives that decrease wettability.Part I1 of the review considers mechanisms involving chemical reactions: reduction of wood surface strength, oxidation and pyrolysis of wood bonding sites, and chemical interference with resin cure or bonding.In those cases where extractives are not the primary cause of inactivation, oxidation or pyrolysis probably is the major cause of inactivation.Inactivation of oak and of some Southeast Asian hardwoods may be due to the acidity of extractives, but the importance of decreased wettability caused by extractives cannot be dismissed.
Cross-referenced combinatorial libraries for the discovery of metal-complexing ligands: library deconvolution by LC-MS (2000)

N-Acylthioureas are excellent ligands for a variety of heavy metals, but their metal selectivity is highly dependent on the precise nature of the substituents present. In this paper we show how combinatorial chemistry techniques can be used to establish relative affinities for copper within a mixture of 100 such thioureas. Following a straightforward synthesis, and copper extraction using standard liquid-liquid extraction techniques, LC-MS was used to identify the ligands which bind most strongly to the copper ions. Among the 100 ligands XC(O)N(Z)C(S)NHY, the most important substituent is the Y group bound to the NH: only aromatic Y substituents give strong binding to copper. The acyl X substituents are invariably aromatic, and an electron-rich X group is best; the affinity for copper seems to be less dependent on the Z substituent, although a large group such as benzyl disfavours copper binding. The five ligands from the library which bind copper most strongly have been clearly identified by a series of experiments: they all have aromatic groups in the Y position, but the X and Z substituents can be more varied. This is a very convincing demonstration of the power of combinatorial methods: to have found the same information by conventional methods would have required a lengthy and repetitive series of syntheses and investigations. In addition, our results give some preliminary evidence for synergistic binding of two different ligands, but this requires further investigation.
Expanding the Scope of Lewis Acid Catalysis in Water:  Remarkable Ligand Acceleration of Aqueous Ytterbium Triflate Catalyzed Michael Addition Reactions (2005)

[reaction: see text] Significant rate acceleration of metal-catalyzed Michael addition reactions in water was observed upon addition of small, dibasic ligands. Ytterbium triflate and TMEDA was the most effective combination leading to a nearly 20-fold faster reaction than in the absence of ligand.
Classifying IoT Devices in Smart Environments Using Network Traffic Characteristics (2018)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is being hailed as the next wave revolutionizing our society, and smart homes, enterprises, and cities are increasingly being equipped with a plethora of IoT devices. Yet, operators of such smart environments may not even be fully aware of their IoT assets, let alone whether each IoT device is functioning properly safe from cyber-attacks. In this paper, we address this challenge by developing a robust framework for IoT device classification using traffic characteristics obtained at the network level. Our contributions are fourfold. First, we instrument a smart environment with 28 different IoT devices spanning cameras, lights, plugs, motion sensors, appliances, and health-monitors. We collect and synthesize traffic traces from this infrastructure for a period of six months, a subset of which we release as open data for the community to use. Second, we present insights into the underlying network traffic characteristics using statistical attributes such as activity cycles, port numbers, signalling patterns, and cipher suites. Third, we develop a multi-stage machine learning based classification algorithm and demonstrate its ability to identify specific IoT devices with over 99 percent accuracy based on their network activity. Finally, we discuss the trade-offs between cost, speed, and performance involved in deploying the classification framework in real-time. Our study paves the way for operators of smart environments to monitor their IoT assets for presence, functionality, and cyber-security without requiring any specialized devices or protocols.
Effects of Bilateral Auricular Acupuncture Stimulation on Body Weight in Healthy Volunteers and Mildly Obese Patients (2003)

We investigated the effects of auricular acupuncture stimulation on non-obese healthy volunteers and mildly obese patients. Subjects (n = 55 and 5, respectively) averaged 34.5 years old, and BMI was 24.3 and less than 27.5 kg/m2, respectively. We also studied the effects of single-blind sham treatment in approximately 500 age-, sex-, and BMI-matched subjects. Small (0.15 x 2.0 mm) auricular needles were placed intracutaneously into the bilateral cavum conchae identified by having a resistance of less than 100 kOmega/cm2. In the 2-week pretreatment the period, in which body weight was measured without auricular acupuncture stimulation, 57.1% of the subjects showed a reduction in body weight. This indicates that charting one's own body weight might itself be a useful method of weight control. In the auricular acupuncture treatment period, 35 healthy subjects of 55 (63.6%) showed a decreased body weight, 11 (20%) showed an increased body weight, and 9 (16.4%) showed no change in body weight. The obese patients showed individual variation, but all achieved weight reduction, with a highly significant correlation between body weight and fat volume. The CT/MRI cross-sectional pictures supported these findings. Sham treatment had no statistically significant effect on body weight. These results suggest that success in achieving weight reduction can be partly attributed to the act of charting of one's own weight pattern. Bilateral auricular acupuncture stimulation can help reduce body weight both in mildly obese patients and in healthy non-obese subjects. In conclusion, this is in accord with the bilateral auricular acupuncture stimulation that it may be useful in the treatment of the obesity. We propose a possible mechanism for the weight-reducing effects of bilateral auricular acupuncture stimulation.
Periorchitis after tetramisole treatment in bulls implanted with Setaria labiatopapillos. (1985)

Thirteen mixed-breed beef bulls, 1 to 4 years old, were used to determine the effect of live and dead filarial nematodes, Setaria labiatopapillosa, placed in the vaginal cavity of the testes. When dead worms were used, granulomatous lesions developed on the tunica vaginalis parietalis in 7 of 8 testes. The lesions were similar to those seen in some clinical cases of periorchitis. Similar lesions developed in 5 of 6 testes after live worms were implanted in the vaginal cavity of the testes and tetramisole (8 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously 6 days after implantation. When live worms were implanted and tetramisole was not given, lesions developed in 3 of 6 testes. It was concluded that the granulomatous reaction was a local response to dead or killed S labiatopapillosa.
A single amino acid change in Raf-1 inhibits Ras binding and alters Raf-1 function. (1994)

Ras and Raf-1 are key proteins involved in the transmission of developmental and proliferative signals generated by receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. Genetic and biochemical studies demonstrate that Raf-1 functions downstream of Ras in many signaling pathways. Although Raf-1 directly associates with GTP-bound Ras, an effect of this interaction on Raf-1 activity in vivo has not been established. To examine the biological consequence of the Ras/Raf-1 interaction in vivo, we set out to identify key residues of Raf-1 required for Ras binding. In this report, we show that a single amino acid mutation in Raf-1 (Arg89 to Leu) disrupted the interaction with Ras in vitro and in the yeast two-hybrid system. This mutation prevented Ras-mediated but not tyrosine kinase-mediated enzymatic activation of Raf-1 in the baculovirus/Sf9 expression system. Furthermore, kinase-defective Raf-1 proteins containing the Arg89-->Leu mutation were no longer dominant-inhibitory or capable of blocking Ras-mediated signal transduction in Xenopus laevis oocytes. These results demonstrate that the association of Raf-1 and Ras modulates both the kinase activity and the biological function of Raf-1 and identify Arg89 as a critical residue involved in this interaction. In addition, the finding that tyrosine kinases can stimulate the enzymatic activity of Raf-1 proteins containing a mutation at the Ras-interaction site suggests that Raf-1 can be activated by Ras-independent pathways.
Identification of novel polymorphisms in the pM5 and MRP1 (ABCC1) genes at locus 16p13.1 and exclusion of both genes as responsible for pseudoxanthoma elasticum (2000)

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an inherited systemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized by progressive calcification of the elastic fibers in the eye, the skin, and the cardiovascular system. The PXE locus has been mapped to chromosome 16p13.1, and was recently further refined to a 500 kb-region, containing four candidate genes : MRP1 (ABCC1), MRP6 (ABCC6), pM5, and two copies of an unknown gene, the later we subsequently found to be identical to the gene encoding the Nuclear Pore Interacting Protein (NPIP). In a comprehensive mutational screening, we have analysed the entire coding region of the pM5, MRP1, and NPIP genes in 7 patients affected with pseudoxanthoma elasticum, but failed to find evidence of disease-causing defects in any of these three genes. Five synonymous (G232G, P395P, A862A, G912G, D1106D), and five non synonymous (V404I, N458K, D490N, F1141I, G1195R) polymorphisms were found in the pM5 gene, for which we also corrected errors in the published cDNA sequence. Analysis of the MRP1 transcript lead to the discovery of two polymorphisms (T117M, S1512L). No variant was evidenced during our screening of the NPIP gene. Our data exclude the responsibility of the pM5, MRP1 and NPIP genes in PXE, and strongly suggest that mutations in the last remaining candidate gene, MRP6, which encodes a 1503 amino-acid ABC membrane transporter, are the genetic defect responsible for PXE.
Revision arthroplasty facilitated by ultrasonic tool cement removal. Part II: Histologic analysis of endosteal bone after cement removal. (1991)

This conclusion of a two-part series examines the effects of ultrasonic cement removal from canine femurs on the underlying endosteal bone. The purpose of the investigation was twofold: to qualitatively assess the immediate in vivo effects on bone of direct coupling as a method of ultrasonic prosthesis removal, and to determine the immediate and delayed histologic responses of cortical bone to ultrasonic cement removal as well as compare the response after cement removal by high-speed burr instrumentation. This histologic study of an in vivo model demonstrated no significant cortical bone damage with the use of ultrasonically driven tools. The authors conclude that this method for the removal of bone cement and securely fixed prostheses is safe and efficacious.
Quantification of MUC2 and MUC5AC transcripts in human conjunctiva. (2000)

MUC2 transcripts are present in human conjunctival tissue and their abundance is much lower than that of MUC5AC. This is the first application of competitive PCR to the quantitative analysis of mucin expression in human ocular tissue. The sensitivity of this method allows the detection of MUC2 transcripts that were not detected by Northern blot analysis or in situ hybridization in previous studies. It also makes possible the comparison of relative levels of expression for ocular mucins.
MHC class I‐restricted exogenous presentation of a synthetic 102‐mer malaria vaccine polypeptide (2005)

The circumsporozoite (CS) is the most abundant surface protein of the Plasmodium sporozoite, and is also present early in the liver stage of the infection. Following successful protective experiments in mice and monkeys, the synthetic 102-mer malaria vaccine polypeptide representing the C-terminal region of the CS of Plasmodium falciparum was tested in a clinical trial with healthy human volunteers. This vaccine induced strong CD8(+), CD4(+) T lymphocyte and antibody responses specific for the immunizing peptide. CD8(+) T lymphocyte responses elicited in HLA-A*0201 volunteers recognized two well-defined cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes within the CS. Here, we show that both monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DC) and Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-lymphoblastoid cells (LCL) can present a cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope contained within the 102-mer synthetic peptide. Paraformaldehyde and low temperature inhibited presentation, indicating that cellular processing was required. Using specific inhibitors, we show that, in both cell types, processing requires the proteasome and the MHC class I pathway, while the endosomal compartment appears to be critical only for the presentation by Mo-DC. Antigen uptake is associated with actin polymerization in both cell types. These in vitro results demonstrate the likely pathway of antigen presentation achieved via vaccination with this synthetic peptide.
The design of interactive exhibits to promote the making of meaning (2001)

Overview It is argued that the place of interactive exhibits in science and technology centres will only be assured when their design and use is based on an empirically-justified model which encompasses both entertainment and learning. In the light of research at Questacon, the Australian National Science and Technology Centre, a model for the Personal Awareness of Science and Technology (PAST) is put forward here and an application is made of PAST to existing interactive exhibits. The ability of interactive exhibits, designed using the model, to withstand current criticisms is evaluated.
Saliency-based visual representation for compression (2002)

This paper presents a representation for video with application to coding. In recent years, scalability of image compression systems has gained in popularity. Our approach is scalable in the normal sense, but instead of allowing the overall image frame quality to degrade with lower bandwidth, salient portions of the image frame maintain a high quality while less important portions are allowed to degrade. The judgment of importance is made by a region-of-interest (ROI) finder. The use of prioritized ROIs help to eliminate redundancy and can be organized under a motion compensation ruling.
Quantitative multi-slice computed tomography assessment of the mitral valvular complex for transcatheter mitral valve interventions part 1: systematic measurement methodology and inter-observer variability (2016)

MSCT can provide measurements that are important for patient selection and sizing of TMVR devices. These measurements have excellent inter-observer reproducibility in patients with functional mitral regurgitation.
2-Guanidinoquinazolines (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-GuanidinoquinazolinesL. F. Theiling and R. L. McKeeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 7, 1834–1836Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01127a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01127a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Site-directed Mutagenesis Analysis Elucidates the Role of 223/227 Arginine in 23S rRNA Methylation, Which Is in 'Target Adenine Binding Loop' Region of ErmSF (2012)

ErmSF는 23S rRNA의 A2058 (E. coli numbering)에 methylation을 유발하여 macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (<TEX>$MLS_B$</TEX>)계 항생제의 부착을 저해함으로써 항생제 활성을 억제하는 내성인자 단백질인 Erm 단백질들 중의 하나이다. Erm 단백질들 사이에서 공통적으로 나타나는 <TEX>$^{222}FXPXPXVXS^{230}$</TEX> (ErmSF numbering) 서열은 Erm 단백질인 ErmC'와 DNA methyltransferase인 M. Taq I의 구조를 분석한 연구에서 타깃인 adenine과 직접적으로 상호작용하는 부위로 제안되거나 확인되었다. 따라서 이 부분 중 Erm 단백질 사이에서 잘 보존되어있지는 않지만 염기성인 잔기의 특성상 기질인 RNA와 상호작용이 예상되는 223, 227번 arginine을 alanine으로 위치 지정 치환한 변이 단백질을 이용하여 그 잔기의 효소 활성에서의 역할을 확인하였다. 두 변이 단백질은 생체 내에서 그 활성을 여전히 유지하고 있어서 항생제인 erythromycin에 대하여 내성을 나타내었으나 in vitro 상에서는 R223A 또는 R227A가 야생형 ErmSF에 비하여 약 50%, 88%의 활성을 각각 나타내어 효소 활성에서 각 잔기가 결정적이지는 않지만 중요한 역할을 수행하고 있음을 확인하였다. ErmSF is one of the Erm family proteins which catalyze S-adenosyl-<TEX>$_L$</TEX>-methionine dependent modification of a specific adenine residue (A2058, E. coli numbering) in bacterial 23S rRNA, thereby conferring resistance to clinically important macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin B (<TEX>$MLS_B$</TEX>) antibiotics. <TEX>$^{222}FXPXPXVXS^{230}$</TEX> (ErmSF numbering) sequence appears to be a consensus sequence among the Erm family. This sequence was supposed to be involved in direct interaction with the target adenine from the structural studies of Erm protein ErmC'. But in DNA methyltarnsferase M. Taq I, this interaction have been identified biochemically and from the complex structure with substrate. Arginine 223 and 227 in this sequence are not conserved among Erm proteins, but because of the basic nature of residues, it was expected to interact with RNA substrates. Two amino acid residues were replaced with Ala by site-directed mutagenesis. Two mutant proteins still maintained its activity in vivo and resistant to the antibiotic erythromycin. Compared to the wild-type ErmSF, R223A and R227A proteins retained about 50% and 88% of activity in vitro, respectively. Even though those arginine residues are not essential in the catalytic step, with their positive charge they may play an important role for RNA binding.
NDN.p4: Programming information-centric data-planes (2016)

Although content-awareness at the network level is becoming more and more needed, Information-Centric Networking (ICN)-based solutions struggle to emerge. Research on ICN has already produced insightful outputs, nevertheless architecture-tied designs of ICN devices cannot be easily deployed and tested in operational networks; further those designs are hard to share. In the meantime, the vision of Software-Defined Networking has grown and taken new shapes. Network players desire to change devices' behavior often and drastically, even though performances are still crucial to operate at line-speed. This has been leading to a rethink of network devices designs with the aim to offer full-programmability through high-level programming languages for packet processors, like P4. The paper presents a preliminary open source implementation of the Named-Data Networking (NDN), that is, an ICN instance, written in P4.
Electroluminescence generated by a metal oxide semiconductor light emitting diode (MOS-LED) with Si nanocrystals embedded in SiO<sub>2</sub>layers by ion implantation (2006)

Electroluminescence ( EL) and photoluminescence ( PL) measurements were conducted on Si-implanted SiO2 layers as a function of process and measurement parameters. Measurable light emission was observed from the metal oxide semiconductor light emitting diode ( MOS-LED) when holes are injected from the substrate. It was shown that major PL and EL emissions have the same origin. However, two important differences were observed between EL and PL spectra. The first one is the light emission from the Si substrate due to the recombination of electrons supplied by the front contact and holes that were accumulated in the inversion region at the substrate/SiO2 interface. This might be a factor reducing the contribution of Si nanocrystals to the EL emission of the MOS-LED structure as a result of decrease in the number of holes in the inversion layer. The second difference is that EL emission peaks stay at a slightly higher energy than PL peaks. It was observed that the EL peak shifts towards the PL peak with increasing bias voltage. This behaviour is explained by considering the size distribution of nanocrystals formed by ion implantation.
Organic electronics: Introduction (2001)

For the past forty years inorganic silicon and gallium arsenide semiconductors, silicon dioxide insulators, and metals such as aluminum and copper have been the backbone of the semiconductor industry. However, there has been a growing research effort in “organic electronics” to improve the semiconducting, conducting, and lightemitting properties of organics (polymers, oligomers) and hybrids (organic-inorganic composites) through novel synthesis and self-assembly techniques. Performance improvements, coupled with the ability to process these “active” materials at low temperatures over large areas on materials such as plastic or paper, may provide unique technologies and generate new applications and form factors to address the growing needs for pervasive computing and enhanced connectivity.
Effects of carbohydrates from citrus pulp and hominy feed on microbial fermentation in continuous culture. (2001)

Eight dual-flow continuous-culture fermenters were used to evaluate the effect of neutral detergent-soluble carbohydrates (NDSC) on fermentation by ruminal microorganisms. Citrus pulp and hominy feed were added to a basal diet as sources of NDSC, with citrus pulp providing neutral detergent-soluble fiber (NDSF) in the form of pectic substances and with hominy feed in the form of starch. The basal diet contained 26.7% corn silage, 6.0% alfalfa hay and 3.8% cottonseed hulls on a DM basis. The dried citrus pulp diet contained on a DM basis 17.2% CP, 34.7% NDF, 33.7% NDSC, and 14.4% NDSF, whereas the hominy feed diet contained 17.9% CP, 33.2% NDF, 35.9% NDSC, and 8.8% NDSF. Organic matter, DM, and NDF and ADF digestion were not affected by source of carbohydrate. Ammonia N concentration was greater (P < 0.05) for the hominy feed diet (14.2 mg/100 mL) than for the dried citrus pulp diet (9.3 mg/100 mL). Total N, nonammonia N, microbial N, and dietary N flows were not affected by treatments; however, the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was greater (P = 0.055) for the dried citrus pulp diet than for the hominy feed diet (30.6 vs 27.8 g of bacterial N/kg of OM truly digested). Results from this experiment indicate that NDSF from citrus pulp can provide similar sources of energy compared with starch from hominy feed to support ruminal microbial growth.