gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metasearch Engines and Information Retrieval: Computational Complexity of Ranking Multiple Search Results (2008)

This paper analyzes the computational complexity of finding relevant documents on the Web. Given a search query that has n significant terms, relevant documents retrieved by search engines will contain at least a number k of the significant terms. The threshold k chosen will depend on the collection of documents and is determined experimentally upon formation of the collection. Algorithms are then provided to compute a similarity ranking. The fundamental analysis is based on combinatorial theory and theorems providing bounds on the runtime complexity of the algorithms are proven.
Efficient Coherent Beam Combining of Fiber Lasers Using Multiplexed Volume Bragg Gratings (2012)

Highly efficient, stable, and scalable passive coherent beam combining of fiber lasers using multiplexed volume Bragg gratings is presented. We report combining efficiency of >90% for two channels and demonstrate channel scalability to four channels.
Parsing Images of Architectural Scenes (2007)

We address image parsing in the setting of architectural scenes. Our goal is to parse an image into regions of various types such as sky, foliage, buildings, and street. Furthermore we parse the building regions at a finer level of detail, identifying the positions of windows, doors, and rooflines, the colors of walls, and the spatial extent of particular buildings. Recognizing these individual elements is often impossible without the context provided by the initial parsing of the image, for instance a roofline is only defined in relation to the building below and the sky above. Our approach is driven by recognition of generic classes of visual appearance, e.g. for foliage. The generic recognition results boot-strap an image specific model that provides refined estimates to use for matting, segmentation, and more detailed parsing.
Decreased Expression of Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy (2005)

Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a potent angiogenic inhibitor. Previous studies have shown that decreased ocular levels of PEDF are associated with diabetic retinopathy. However, the implication of PEDF expression in diabetic nephropathy has not been revealed. In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that the expression of PEDF was decreased at both the mRNA and protein levels in the kidney of diabetic rats, whereas transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and fibronectin levels were increased in the same diabetic kidneys. As shown by immunohistochemistry, the decrease of PEDF expression occurs primarily in the glomeruli. In vitro studies showed that high concentrations of glucose significantly decreased PEDF secretion in primary human glomerular mesangial cells (HMCs), suggesting that hyperglycemia is a direct cause of the PEDF decrease in the kidney. Toward the function of PEDF, we showed that PEDF blocked the high-glucose-induced overexpression of TGF-beta, a major pathogenic factor in diabetic nephropathy, and fibronectin in primary HMCs, suggesting that PEDF may function as an endogenous inhibitor of TGF-beta expression and fibronectin production in glomeruli. Therefore, decreased expression of PEDF in diabetic kidneys may contribute to extracellular matrix overproduction and the development of diabetic nephropathy.
Nonlocal effects in effective-medium response of nanolayered metamaterials (2007)

The authors analyze electromagnetic modes in multilayered nanocomposites and demonstrate that the response of a majority of realistic layered structures is strongly affected by the nonlocal effects originating from strong field oscillations across the system, and is not described by conventional effective-medium theories. They develop the analytical description of the relevant phenomena and confirm their results with numerical solutions of Maxwell equations. Finally, the authors use the developed formalism to demonstrate that multilayered plasmonic nanostructures support high-index volume modes, confined to deep subwavelength areas, opening a wide class of applications in nanoscale light management.
Theoretical Study of Structures, Energies, and Vibrational Spectra of the Imidazole−Imidazolium System (2003)

Energies, structures, vibrational spectra, and proton transfer in the imidazole−imidazolium complex have been studied by B3LYP/6-311++G** method. This complex is a strongly hydrogen-bonded system with a low energy barrier for the proton-transfer reaction and the rotation of the imidazolium ion along the axis of the complex. The calculations predict that a classical motion of the proton between the two molecules in the complex is allowed. A strong influence of the complex formation on the vibrational spectra has been observed in the N−H stretching mode and in the fingerprint region. Several modes in the fingerprint region have been shown to give suitable indicator bands for complex formation detection in polymer electrolytes where imidazole and imidazolium ions have been added.
The effect of the molecular weight of additive on the properties of antimisting fuels (1983)

Antimisting aircraft fuels, when ignited, do not produce the roaring fireball which often accompanies aircraft crashes. This result is attributable to the suppression of the aerosolization of the fuel by added macromolecules which alter the structure of the droplets of fuel emanating from rent fuel tanks after the crash. The first studies of the antimisting effect of macromolecules on aviation fuel were carried out in Great Britain in 1968. In that early work it was established that there was a qualitative relationship between the suppression of the atomization of the fuel and the molecular weight of the additive above a certain critical concentration; the latter being inverse to the molecular weight of the additive. Subsequent investigations have demonstrated a dependence of the antimisting effectiveness of polyisobutylene in diesel fuel on the viscosity average molecular weight to a power exceeding 2, and in jet-A fuel to the 2..cap alpha.. + 1 power, where ..cap alpha.. is the exponent in the Mark-Houwink equation. In their study Chao et al, were able to demonstrate a strong correlation between the extent of antimisting effectiveness and flammability reduction with the maximum ductless siphon height supported by the solution. They introduced the ductless siphon to themore » study of antimisting fuels as a measure of the elongational viscosity impaired by the macromolecules to the fuel.« less
Edificio de supervisión y control de las centrales de generación hidroeléctrica, líneas y subestaciones de la división de Energía de Ferroatlántica, S. L (1999)

No disponible
2003-2004 Survey of International Law in the Second: Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (2004)

In Abrams v. Societe Nationale des Chemis de Fer Francais, 332 F .3d 173 (2002), plaintiff brought suit this individually and on behalf of other Holocaust victims and such heirs against the French International Railroad, Societe Nationale des Chemis de Fer Francais [hereinafter SNCF] for actions arising out of the operation of trains which transferred thousands of French civilians to Nazi concentration camps. The allegation stated that SNCF violated customary international law by committing crimes against humanity and acts of war crimes.
A plant modeling with a fuzzy associative memory system (1991)

Summary form only given. An attempt was made to demonstrate a useful qualitative model using causal concepts for modeling the operations of a physical plant. In order to control and monitor plants, support based on the intuitive, qualitative perspective of causal relations becomes important, along with the usual numerical, logical approach. This goal is realized by using a qualitative model, summarized instances and associative memories. Using a network model as a knowledge representation of the qualitative model, plant modeling is implemented by a fuzzy associative memory system called FAMOUS (Fuzzy Associative Memory Organizing Units System). The proposed modeling has three features: (1) the intuition of experts can be inferred by feedback associative memory, (2) the degree of influence of fuzzy causal relations can be clarified by a differential Hebbian learning rule; and (3) information having human-friendliness can be expressed. The authors have applied FAMOUS to the qualitative model to an object plant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synergistic Antiproliferative Effects of a New Cucurbitacin B Derivative and Chemotherapy Drugs on Lung Cancer Cell Line A549 (2015)

Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents an important cause of mortality worldwide due to its aggressiveness and growing resistance to currently available therapy. Cucurbitacins have emerged as novel potential anticancer agents showing strong antiproliferative effects and can be promising candidates for combined treatments with clinically used anticancer agents. This study investigates the synergistic antiproliferative effects of a new semisynthetic derivative of cucurbitacin B (DACE) with three chemotherapy drugs: cisplatin (CIS), irinotecan (IRI), and paclitaxel (PAC) on A549 cells. The most effective combinations were selected for studies of the mechanism of action. Using an in silico tool, DACE seems to act by a different mechanism of action when compared with that of different classes of drugs already used in clinical settings. DACE also showed potent synergic effects with drugs, and the most potent combinations induced G2/M cell cycle arrest by modulating survivin and p53 expression, disruption of F-actin cytoskeleton, and cell death by apoptosis. These treatments completely inhibited the clonogenic potential and did not reduce the proliferation of nontumoral lung cells (MRC-5). DACE also showed relevant antimigratory and anti-invasive effects, and combined treatments modulated cell migration signaling pathways evolved with metastasis progression. The effects of DACE associated with drugs was potentiated by the oxidant agent l-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO), and attenuated by N-acetilcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant agent. The antiproliferative effects induced by combined treatments were attenuated by a pan-caspase inhibitor, indicating that the effects of these treatments are dependent on caspase activity. Our data highlight the therapeutic potential of DACE used in combination with known chemotherapy drugs and offer important insights for the development of more effective and selective therapies against lung cancer.
Tuning the emission of cyclometalated iridium complexes by simple ligand modification (2002)

The photo-excitation and relaxation of a new cyclometalated complex, Ir(ppy)2fppy, is investigated through the measurement of absorption and photoluminescence spectra. Comparison of Ir(ppy)2fppy with Ir(ppy)3 reveals that the lowest energy excited state of Ir(ppy)2fppy is localised on the aldehyde-substituted ligand, thus giving the complex its characteristic orange emission (λmax ≈ 600 nm). OLEDs containing Ir(ppy)2fppy doped into poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK) exhibit the same characteristic emission as found in solution, implying efficient energy transfer between the PVK and the iridium complex. Our results provide the potential for the synthesis of iridium complexes with different emission wavelengths through the modification of only one ligand.
Medical Treatment of Aortic Aneurysms in Marfan Syndrome and other Heritable Conditions (2014)

Thoracic aortic aneurysms can be triggered by genetic disorders such as Marfan syndrome (MFS) and related aortic diseases as well as by inflammatory disorders such as giant cell arteritis or atherosclerosis. In all these conditions, cardiovascular risk factors, such as systemic arterial hypertension, may contribute to faster rate of aneurysm progression. Optimal medical management to prevent progressive aortic dilatation and aortic dissection is unknown. β-blockers have been the mainstay of medical treatment for many years despite limited evidence of beneficial effects. Recently, losartan, an angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist (ARB), has shown promising results in a mouse model of MFS and subsequently in humans with MFS and hence is increasingly used. Several ongoing trials comparing losartan to β-blockers and/or placebo will better define the role of ARBs in the near future. In addition, other medications, such as statins and tetracyclines have demonstrated potential benefit in experimental aortic aneurysm studies. Given the advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms triggering aortic dilatation and dissection, individualized management tailored to the underlying genetic defect may be on the horizon of individualized medicine. We anticipate that ongoing research will address the question whether such genotype/pathogenesis-driven treatments can replace current phenotype/syndrome-driven strategies and whether other forms of aortopathies should be treated similarly. In this work, we review currently used and promising medical treatment options for patients with heritable aortic aneurysmal disorders.
Microprocessor-based novel current regulator for VSI-PWM inverters (2003)

A simple microprocessor-based current regulator for pulse-width-modulated (PWM) transistor inverters is presented. The control strategy is based on the discrete delta modulation principle. The originality of the technique resides in the sampling method used for the delta-modulation-based current regulator. The design of the system with application of an SAB80C535 one-board microprocessor controller is discussed. Simulation and laboratory tests results showing the properties of the current regulator are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimization, Comparison, and Application of Colorimetric vs. Chemiluminescence Based Indirect Sandwich ELISA for Measurement of Human IL‐23 (2006)

Currently, there is neither a published ELISA method nor it is clear whether chemiluminescence substrates would provide better sensitivity vs. colorimetric substrates for measuring human IL-23-a recently described Type-1 immunity associated cytokine. Initially, we optimized a colorimetric ELISA using p-nitro-phenyl phosphate substrate. Subsequently, we compared it with chemiluminescence substrates that provided approximately 5-fold enhanced sensitivity (mean sensitivity; 26.3 pg/mL vs. colorimetric assay, 131 pg/mL; p < 0.01). Both methods were reliable, with <10% inter- and intra-assay variations. We then found that the chemiluminescence method was useful in situations where human IL-23 was not readily measurable by a colorimetric method.
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (2018)

Abstract Acetylcholine, exquisitely evolved as a neurotransmitter, is made and released by the neurons that take the integrated output of the central nervous system throughout the body. At both neuromuscular junctions and autonomic ganglia, acetylcholine activates synaptic ion channels that take their name from the plant alkaloid nicotine, which is a mimic of the natural neurotransmitter. This chapter begins with the scientific discoveries related to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) of the neuromuscular junction and how resulting insights led to an understanding of the fundamentals of synaptic transmission. The nAChR are one member of a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels, and although in the brain excitatory neurotransmission is mediated by another family of synaptic receptors that are gated by glutamate, nicotinic receptors are important modulators of brain function and significant targets for drug development. In the brain, nAChR are targets for cognitive disorders and, tragically, responsible for tobacco addiction.
Sensor Network Security: Elliptic Curve Cryptography on SunSPOTs. (2008)

Security is critical for wireless sensor networks. While several security mechanisms and protocols have been developed in the context of the Internet, many new challenges arise due to the characteristics of power-constrained wireless sensor networks. In this work, we focus on the Javaprogrammable SunSPOT device and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). We present an analysis of run times and energy consumption. For our studies, we have developed our own implementation based on published pseudocode and Sun's BigInteger class. Our point multiplication on elliptic curves in prime finite fields is faster than that of Bouncy Castle, an open source ECC implementation. We investigate the impact of various parameters including key size, nonadjacent form, and prime versus binary fields. We believe such investigations to be an important step towards addressing the challenges of energy efficient security for Java-based sensor networks.
Performance improvement of pulsed OFDM UWB systems using ATF coding (2010)

In this paper, we examine an enhancement of pulsed Multiband Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (pulsed MB-OFDM) systems for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) applications. The pulsed MB-OFDM system offers an efficient option for fulfilling the UWB high bandwidth channel requirements. This system combines the two major implementations of UWB, namely the impulse radio and the MB-OFDM, in order to capture the advantages of low hardware complexity and low power consumption in both implementations. A modified half-rate Algebraic Time Frequency (ATF) coding will be used to achieve the proposed enhancement of the pulsed system. This enhancement will result in energy efficiency, i.e. SNR vs. SER, improvement which is particularly useful for SAR systems operating under heavy clutter. Improvements in energy efficiency are tested under different UWB channel models. Simulation results are shown to establish these improvements.
[Preparation of stable Salmonella vaccine strains through combination of 2 independently attenuating markers with no limitation on growth]. (1980)

Attenuation by only one single marker with no limitation on propagation (frequency of backmutation being less than 10(-7) will not provide sufficient safety against complications along with vaccination. (This notion, derived from both theoretical considerations and practical experience, does not rule out good stability of certain one-marker mutants under practice conditions.) Two independently attenuating markers with no limitation on propagation, however, do ensure full stability on account of potentiating single frequencies of backmutation (less than 10(-14)). The second attenuating marker must be measurable, and it must not be allowed to bring about substantive reduction in the one-marker mutant's immunogenicity. The following principle was conceptualised for the purpose of resolving the problem: A pool of attenuated highly immunogenic mutants with one single marker without limitation on propagation was rendered available, such as an S-form auxotrophic set of phenotypes (attenuation by co-mutation) or R-form mutants with the potential of tissue persistence. An attenuated second marker then was rendered available which was highly immunogenic as a "one-marker mutant", for example, mutants with adenine (purine) dependence with attenuation a pleiotropic effect and limited availability of metabolities. The second marker was introduced in a one-maker mutant, with verification of additional attenuation along with remaining immunogenicity. The following results were obtained: --Experimental parameters for attenuation and immunogenicity in mice: one single intraperitoneal immunisation, using 10(5), 10(6), 10(7), and 10(8) mutant germs; challenge on 20th day from intraperitoneal immunsation with about 100 LD50; lethality of controls 95 per cent or more; --S. typhimurium his-155/ade-4 and S. dublin met-91/ade-23: LD50: 10(8) germs; Immunogenicity: 90 per cent or more survived exposure to wild strain; --S. cholerae-suis R Dessau/ade-4: LD50: about 10(9) germs; immunogenicity: about 50 per cent only within endotoxic limits, about 10(8) germs or more; --S. typhimurium his-155/marker 2 (enzyme mutation): LD50 about 10(8) germs; immunogenicity: 90 per cent or more survived exposure to wild strain.
Effect of Initial Cell Seeding Density on Early Osteogenic Signal Expression of Rat Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Cultured on Cross-Linked Poly(propylene fumarate) Disks (2009)

The intercellular signaling mechanisms among a transplanted cell population are largely determined by the cell population itself as well as the surrounding environment. Changes in cell-to-cell paracrine signaling distance can be obtained by altering cell density, and signal expression of growth factors can be enhanced by auto/paracrine signal transduction. To examine these relationships, we investigated the effect of cell seeding density on viability, proliferation, differentiation, and the endogenous osteogenic signal expression among rat bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) cultured on a 2D disk. Rat BMSCs were isolated from rats and then cultured for 8 days on biodegradable poly(propylene fumarate) disks with three different seeding densities (0.06, 0.15, and 0.30 million cells/disk). At days 1, 4, and 8, viability by live/dead fluorescent staining, DNA amount, osteogenic differentiation by alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin mRNA expression, calcium deposition, and osteogenic growth factor mRNA expression were assayed. Osteogenic signal expression was evaluated using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and signals of interest include bone morphogenetic protein-2, transforming growth factor-β(1), fibroblast growth factor-2, and platelet-derived growth factor-A. The results from this study demonstrate that rat BMSCs were viable over 8 days without being affected by cell density and that both cell proliferation rate and early osteogenic differentiation were stimulated by lower cell seeding density. Most importantly, this study has demonstrated for the first time that the temporal gene expression profiles of endogenous growth factors can be controlled by altering the initial cell seeding density on poly(propylene fumarate) disks. Therefore, our results suggest that changes in the paracrine signal distance by altering cell seeding density may be a useful strategy to optimize the cell-biomaterial construct microenvironments to enhance the osteogenic signal expression.
Poly(sebacic acid-<i>co</i>-ricinoleic acid) Biodegradable Injectable in Situ Gelling Polymer (2005)

The investigated polymers, poly(sebacic acid-co-ricinoleic acid) containing > or =70% ricinoleic acid, may be injected via a 22 gauge needle and become gel upon contact with aqueous medium, both in vitro and in vivo. Various properties of the polymers including viscosity, thermal analysis, and in vivo behavior, before and after exposure to aqueous medium, were determined. These polymers were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at dry and wet states. It was found that the viscosity and melting temperature of P(SA:RA) increased after exposure to buffer. The viscosity at 37 degrees C of P(SA:RA)3:7 had the highest increase: from 4200 cP before to 8940 cP after exposure to buffer; in the case of P(SA:RA)25:75 before exposure to buffer the viscosity was 1150 cP while after it raised to 3200 cP. The viscosity of P(SA:RA)2:8 also increased from 400 cP before exposure to buffer to 1000 cP after. On the other hand polymer without sebacic acid, (poly(ricinoleic acid)), did not show gelation properties. Thermal analysis also showed an increase in the melting point of the polymers exposed to the aqueous medium during the first 24 h of incubation. Images obtained by SEM showed formation of a three-dimensional network in polymers exposed to buffers. When injected into animals, P(SA:RA) forms a solid implant in the injection site already at 8 h postinjection.