gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Very Compact Arrayed-Waveguide-Grating Demultiplexer Using Si Photonic Wire Waveguides (2004)

We demonstrated an arrayed-waveguide-grating (AWG) demultiplexer using Si photonic wire waveguides, for the first time. We designed and fabricated an AWG of 110 ×93 µm 2 size on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. The demultiplexing function was observed in the wavelength range of 1.50–1.57 µm with a channel spacing of ∼6 nm and a free spectral range of > 90 nm. A narrower channel spacing of 1 nm is possible in an area of ∼(500 µm) 2 , using an optimization of arrayed waveguides and slab waveguides.
In situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction study of crystallization kinetics of polymorphs of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl glycerol (OPO) (2011)

We examined the influence of kinetics on the polymorphic behavior of 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl glycerol (OPO), a triacylglycerol (TAG) present in natural oils such as olive oil and human breast milk. Pure OPO was heated at 15 °C min−1 in all cases. The polymorphic crystallization of OPO was studied at different cooling rates (15, 2, 1, and 0.5 °C min−1), and the dynamic polymorphic transformations were characterized on heating by simultaneously using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Diffraction (SR-XRD) with small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). Thermo-Optical Microscopy (TOM) was also used in order to observe the polymorphic transitions. Polymorphic forms of OPO were identified and characterized. As the cooling rate decreased, more stable forms crystallized, not following the Ostwald step rule, although in most cases concurrent crystallization occurred and the whole process was highly complex.
Moving the OS to the Web (2008)

With the increasing use of high-speed Internet technologies, the concept of cloud computing has become more popular. In cloud computing, users work with Web-based, rather than local, storage and software. These applications are accessible via a browser and look and act like desktop programs.
Fundamental and harmonic synchrophasors estimation using modified Taylor-Kalman filter (2012)

This paper investigates the possibility of measuring fundamental and harmonic synchrophasors as well as the signal frequency using a modified Taylor Kalman filter (TKF). In a previous paper, a modified TKF was proposed to track the complex trajectory of dynamic phasors of the fundamental frequency component based on an improved dynamic model under non-steady state conditions. In this paper, we extend the model of the modified TKF to include harmonics and to allow a better estimation of the phasor in presence of distorted signals. The new method also allows to estimate frequency and time varying harmonic components.
Non-viral approaches for gene transfer. (2005)

Gene therapy has great potential to treat or prevent a variety of both genetic and acquired conditions that include neuromuscular disorders, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and infectious diseases. For recessive genetic disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, delivery of the normal dystrophin gene to muscle should prevent the myofibers from dying. Despite the great promise and sound principles of gene therapy, its application to humans have been hampered by the inability to safely and effectively deliver genes to the target tissues. Among the several gene transfer methods under development, the use of non-viral delivery methods and specifically naked DNA is particularly attractive in that many of the concerns over the use of viral-mediated methods, such as immunogenicity of viral packaging proteins and cost of viral vector production can be avoided. Recently we used limb veins for efficient, repeatable, and safe delivery of nucleic acids to skeletal myofibers throughout the limb muscles of mammals in vivo. Promising results have been obtained in both rodents and larger animals including non-human primates. Studies in the mdx mouse model indicate that the approach should be of use for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Based upon these encouraging results, a human clinical trial to deliver the human dystrophin gene to patients with DMD is being planned. The initial objective is to preserve hand and forearm function to increase the quality of life.
Dip-Pen Nanolithography of Reactive Alkoxysilanes on Glass (2003)

The use of organofunctional silane chemistry is a flexible and general method for immobilizing biomolecules on silicon oxide surfaces, including fabricating DNA, small-molecule, and protein microarrays. The biggest hurdle in employing dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) for extending this general approach to the nanoscopic domain is the tendency of trialkoxy- and trichlorosilanes to rapidly polymerize due to hydrolysis reactions. The control of the local water concentration between the substrate surface and the scanning AFM tip is critical, both to the physical and chemical processes involved in DPN writing and to the ability to form well-defined thin layers of reactive silanes without extensive polymerization induced disorder. We found that we could control the degree of polymerization through careful choice of the alkoxysilane used as the "ink" for DPN and through control of the relative humidity during inking and writing with the coated AFM tip. As a proof-of-principle, we demonstrate that areas patterned with an alkoxysilane on glass with DPN are functional for subsequent immobilization of fluorescently labeled streptavidin via covalent attachment of biotin. This preliminary result sets the stage for the ability to capture proteins in their fully hydrated state from buffered solution, by molecular recognition onto previously written reactive nanoscopic regions on oxidized silicon and glass.
Resonances in microstructured optical waveguides (2003)

We propose a simple physical model that predicts the optical properties of a class of microstructured waveguides consisting of high-index inclusions that surround a low-index core. On the basis of this model, it is found that a large regime exists where transmission minima are determined by the geometry of the individual high-index inclusions. The locations of these minima are found to be largely unaffected by the relative position of the inclusions. As a result of this insight the difficult problem of analyzing the properties of complex structures can be reduced to the much simpler problem of analyzing the properties of an individual high-index inclusion in the structure.
Attainability of re-redevelopment projects in the first stage redevelopment areas (2007)

防災建築街区造成事業、市街地改造事業、初期段階の市街地再開発事業によって形成された再開発ビルは耐用年数や商業の弱体化など様々な理由から衰退しているものがある。本研究ではこれら初期再開発地区における再々開発の現状を把握、実現までの障害を分析し、対応策を考察した上で、今後行われるであろう再々開発事業への示唆を得ることを目的とする。アンケート調査、ヒアリング、資料から次のような結果が得られた。 １、初期再開発地区は全体として約18%が再々開発されており、自主建替え(優良建築物整備事業含む)が多い。 ２、市街地再開発事業地区は高度利用地区の設定などにより事業地区指定の意味は大きく、他2事業より再々開発事業の事業種類、手法に制限を与える。 ３、初期再開発地区における周辺市街地の状況が再々開発事業の実現可能性に影響を与える。 ４、再開発事業に際しての高度利用地区は相応の理由があれば、制度上では解除することも可能であるが、実現には障害がある。 よって、再々開発事業を行う場合、周辺市街地の規模を踏まえた事業を行うべきであり、自ずとそれが影響する事業であるという示唆を得られた。
The active npc converter for medium-voltage applications (2005)

The three-level neutral point clamped voltage source converter (NPC VSC) is widely used in high-power, medium-voltage applications. To overcome its major drawback-the unequal loss distribution among the semiconductors-the use of active NPC switches (ANPC) was proposed previously. In this paper, a simple feedforward loss-control scheme for the ANPC converter is presented. The principle of operation of the ANPC VSC is verified experimentally for the first time. Electrical measurements on a low-voltage test bench prove the proper function of the ANPC converter. Infrared junction temperature measurements confirm the improved loss distribution. Finally, the authors demonstrate the superior performance of the ANPC converter in various medium-voltage applications.
Network Modulus and Superelasticity (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNetwork Modulus and SuperelasticitySergei P. Obukhov, Michael Rubinstein, and Ralph H. ColbyCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 12, 3191–3198Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00090a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1414Altmetric-Citations195LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Ionic liquid assisted preparation of nanostructured TiO2 particles (2004)

Anatase-containing nanostructured TiO(2) particles with high surface area have been synthesized using a water immiscible room temperature ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) as an effective additional solvent by the sol-gel method at low temperature.
High invasiveness associated with augmentation of motility in a fos-transferred highly metastatic rat 3Y1 cell line. (1989)

We previously reported that v-fos transfer to a src-transformed rat 3Y1 cell line enhanced lung metastasis. To clarify the mechanism of this enhancement, we compared various biological factors related to metastatic potential between a fos-transferred highly metastatic cell line (fos-SR-3Y1-202) and the control cell line transferred with genetic marker (pSV2-neo) plus pBR322, neo-SR-3Y1-200. Lung arrest, the effect of lung extract on cell growth, or sensitivity to natural killer cells could not explain the higher metastasis of fos-SR-3Y1-202, compared to findings with neo-SR-3Y1-200. The invasiveness, assessed by penetration through a Matrigel-coated filter was about 5 times higher in fos-SR-3Y1-202 than in neo-SR-3Y1-200; high invasiveness in vitro was also observed in a fos-transferred mixed-population cell line (fos-SR-3Y1-200) and fos-transferred highly metastatic clones. Histopathological evidence of an in vivo tumor also showed the high invasiveness of fos-SR-3Y1-202 cells. To elucidate the causes of the increased invasiveness of fos-SR-3Y1-202, attachment of the cells to Matrigel and its components, such as laminin and type IV collagen, type IV collagenase activity, and motility were examined. Attachment of the cells to the substrate coated on Petri dishes or the activity of type IV collagenase did not differ significantly. On the other hand, cell motility, determined by a new method to directly quantitate alteration of cell shape continuously, using video image analysis and computer techniques, was higher in fos-SR-3Y1-202 than in neo-SR-3Y1-200. Thus, the fos-transferred cell line, fos-SR-3Y1-202 has a high invasiveness, in association with augmentation of motility, hence the enhancement of metastatic potential.
Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Infiltrated Carbon Nanotube Carpets (2012)

Carbon nanotube-polymer interaction is one of the key factors controlling the mechanical properties in composite and hybrid systems of such constituents. The current study reports a series of direct observations of substantial polymer sheathing phenomena on millimeters-high carpets of vertically aligned tubes infiltrated by Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). SEM and TEM images of the composite’s fracture surface revealed that sheathing was extensive and universal over the carpet’s volume and did not influence the morphology, alignment or physical characteristics of the tubes. A significant increase in the tubes’ diameters due to PVA coating was measured. Thermogravimetric analysis results were compatible with a crystallinity increase of the polymer phase due to the presence of CNTs, indicating the potential of CNTs in nucleating polymer crystallinity. Potential applications of the nanocomposite are discussed.
Purification and characterization of 9-O-acetylated sialoglycoproteins from leukemic cells and their potential as immunological tool for monitoring childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2004)

Sialic acids as terminal residues of oligosaccharide chains play crucial roles in several cellular recognition events. Exploiting the selective affinity of Achatinin-H toward N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid-alpha2-6-GalNAc, we have demonstrated the presence of 9-O-acetylated sialoglycoproteins (Neu5,9Ac(2)-GPs) on lymphoblasts of 70 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and on leukemic cell lines by fluorimetric HPLC and flow cytometric analysis. This study aims to assess the structural aspect of the glycotope of Neu5,9Ac(2)-GPs(ALL) and to evaluate whether these disease-specific molecules can be used to monitor the clinical outcome of ALL. The Neu5,9Ac(2)-GPs(ALL) were affinity-purified, and three distinct leukemia-specific molecular determinants (135, 120, and 90 kDa) were demonstrated by SDS-PAGE, western blotting, and isoelectric focusing. The carbohydrate epitope of Neu5,9Ac(2)-GPs(ALL) was confirmed by using synthetic sialic acid analogs. The enhanced presence of anti-Neu5,9Ac(2)-GP(ALL) antibody in ALL patients prompted us to develop an antigen-ELISA using purified Neu5,9Ac(2)-GPs(ALL) as coating antigens. Purified antigen was able to detect leukemia-specific antibodies at presentation of disease, which gradually decreased with treatment. Longitudinal monitoring of 18 patients revealed that in the early phase of the treatment patients with lower anti-Neu5,9Ac(2)-GPs showed a better prognosis. Minimal cross-reactivity was observed in other hematological disorders (n = 50) like chronic myeloid leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as well as normal healthy individuals (n = 21). This study demonstrated the potential of purified Neu5,9Ac(2)-GPs(ALL) as an alternate tool for detection of anti-Neu5,9Ac(2)-GP antibodies to be helpful for diagnosis and monitoring of childhood ALL patients.
Canine myocardial reperfusion injury. Its reduction by the combined administration of superoxide dismutase and catalase. (1984)

Therapy directed against the toxic effects of reactive oxygen species may reduce the final extent of ischemic injury in otherwise viable tissue irreversibly injured by the abrupt reoxygenation of reperfusion. In four groups of dogs, superoxide dismutase plus catalase (groups I-III) or saline (controls) (group IV) was infused into the left atrium. Group I received the infusion for 2 hours, beginning 15 minutes before occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery (90 minutes) and ending 15 minutes after reperfusion. Group II received the infusion for 1 hour starting 15 minutes before reperfusion. Group III received the infusion for 1 hour beginning 40 minutes after reperfusion. Dogs were killed the next day, and infarct size was determined by dissection and weighing, and confirmed histologically. Infarct size expressed as percent of the anatomic area at risk was: group I, 19.4 +/- 5.0; group II, 21.8 +/- 3.3; group III, 47.6 +/- 10.3; group IV, 43.6 +/- 3.5 (mean +/- SEM). Analysis of variance followed by Duncan's multiple range test showed that ultimate infarct size as assessed in groups I and II differed significantly (P less than 0.05) from that observed in the control animals in group IV, whereas infarct size between groups III and IV did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05). The percent of left ventricle at risk did not differ between the four groups. The beneficial effects of superoxide dismutase plus catalase could not be explained by hemodynamic differences. Similar protection of jeopardized myocardium in groups I and II suggest that potentially viable tissue is salvaged by scavenging free radicals during early reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Preparation and Electrorheological Characteristics of Rare-Earth-Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Suspensions (2002)

According to the dielectric design, a new kind of rare-earth (RE)-doped TiO2 particle was synthesized by means of sol−gel technique for use in electrorheological (ER) fluids. A distinct enhancement in the yield stress under dc electric field was found by using such particles, when compared with that of pure TiO2. The yield stress of typical cerium-doped TiO2 suspension was about 5.0 kPa at 3 kV/mm and 7.0 kPa at 4 kV/mm, which were 10 times higher than that of a pure TiO2 suspension. The yield stress showed a marked dependence on RE-doping degree. Substitution of 10 mol % cerium or 8 mol % lanthanum for Ti could obtain the highest yield stress. These were well explained by the dielectric measurements that showed an increase in the dielectric loss and the dielectric constant at low frequency and their regular change with rare earth content. The lattice distortion and defects in the TiO2 crystal caused by substitution for Ti with large-radius RE ions may be responsible for the obvious improvement noted above.
Expert Finding Systems for Organizations: Domain Analysis and The DEMOIR Approach (1999)

. Systems that augment the process of finding the right expert on a given topic in an organization are becoming feasible more than ever before thanks to the prevalence of Internet and Intranets. This paper investigates the expert finding problem in depth, reviews and analyzes the existing systems in this domain, and suggests a domain model that can serve as a basis for design and development decisions. Based on the analysis of requirements we conducted with the help of this domain model, we present our DEMOIR approach which is a method to generate, maintain and utilize an expertise information space based on dynamic organizational information resources. Introduction Motivated by advances in technology, organizations are giving more emphasis to capitalization of their knowledge. To this end, the utilization of various automated techniques for capitalization on the increasing mass of digitized knowledge which organizations generate in the conduct of their business is receiving a great ...
Automatic Traffic Monitoring Method Based on Cellular Model (2009)

The occurrence of accidents on the freeway/highway has a significant impact on normal traffic manipulations and the reasons that cause accidents are admitted primarily due to the introduction of traffic incidents. Hence, automatic traffic monitoring system gradually attracts the attention of researchers in the field of intelligent transportation system. In this paper, a vision-based approach for automatic detection of traffic incident is proposed. Entropy-based features are extracted to create a cellular model that simulates the dynamic behavior of the traffic flow. When an unusual event happens on the vehicular lane, the system can detect it immediately and send out signals to the approaching vehicles to prevent accidents from happening. Experiments were conducted on various simulations and the results demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach on traffic incident detection.
Lidar signal depolarization by solid targets and application of polarimetric lidar to terrain mapping and 3D imagery (2011)

Ladar technology has long since established its advantages as a reliable method for automated Terrain Mapping. One still remaining important problem of this methodology though happens at data processing time. Ladars generate huge amounts of data referred to as 'point clouds'. The very first task in data processing consists of segmenting the terrain image between ground and non-ground data points. The standard processing methods all rely on some slope analysis technique. At the present moment, all these techniques still require interactive evaluation and manual editing of the results. In this work, Ladar polarization is used to discriminate between solid targets by using their polarization signatures. The addition of this feature, over and above range and intensity, could greatly help in the process wherein ground and nonground points are to be separated. Linear and circular polarizations measurements were performed on different specimens in various conditions and at various wavelengths. The results presented herein are a validation of the fact that typical solid targets show a response to the Ladar sensor which conforms to the behavior predicted by the most recent polarimetric BDRF theories. Hence, their polarization signature is expected to be repeatable. The results presented herein also show that, to the extent that more than one wavelength is used, solid targets can be discriminated against each other by the use of their polarization signatures.
Concomitant overexpression of theEGFR anderbB-2 genes in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is correlated with dedifferentiation and metastasis (1996)

Gene amplification or structural alteration of different erbB genes exerts a transforming effect in a variety of human neoplasms. Overexpression of the EGF receptor is associated with tumor initiation and progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the role of erbB-2 in these processes remains unknown. We investigated 34 renal cell carcinomas for gene amplification and expression of the EGFR and erbB-2 genes at the mRNA and protein level and their relationship to pathological and clinical parameters. No amplification of both genes has been observed. However, high expression of the EGF receptor protein and p185erbB2 was frequent in RCC and statistically significantly related to higher tumor grades. We could demonstrate a close correlation of p185erbB2 overexpression with high EGF receptor levels. Co-overexpression of both receptor types was significantly associated with metastatic disease. Our results suggest a synergistic involvement of both EGF receptor and p185erbB2 in the progression of RCC.
Crystal structure of (E160A) and (E160D) trichosanthin (1998)

Crystals of (E160A)TCS and (E160D)TCS were grown by vapor diffusion method. X-ray diffraction data were collected to 0.193nm and 0.20nm resolution on a Mar Research area detector. The Mar Scale program was used for data processing and X-PLOR package. The structure analysis and their refinement were studied using Difference Fourier Method. The final crystallographic R factor is 0.175 and 0.179 respectively. The RMS deviations of bond length and angle of these mutants are 0.0011nm and 2.457, 0.0013nm and 2.675° respectively. The direction change of Glu189 side chain was not observed in these two crystal structures.
Drug-eluting stents: new era and new concerns (2004)

At present there is much excitement about drug-eluting stents, which hold promise for the treatment of coronary artery disease. This ingenious therapy involves coating the outside of a standard coronary stent with a thin polymer containing medication that can prevent scarring at the site of coronary intervention. Early trials with sirolimus coated stents showed that they might prevent coronary artery restenosis, but later studies, involving more complex coronary lesions, did not show a complete absence of restenosis. Recent studies have demonstrated the long term cost effectiveness of drug-eluting stents as they have reduced the need for revascularisation procedures. At present there are few data on the safety and effectiveness of stents over follow up periods exceeding two years, and data obtained from animal models of stenting might not be completely applicable to humans. There are concerns that drug-eluting stents might delay, rather than inhibit, restenosis. Also there is concern regarding the inflammation caused by the polymer substrate. This article reviews the present data on drug-eluting stents and their benefits, shortcomings, and concerns.