gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (MICG). II. Immunologic definition of T cell and null cell MICG and the biologic effect of antiserum to MICG. (1979)

Thymus cell-derived macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (T-MICG) is a 225,000-dalton protein, selectively synthesized in human T cells. Null cell-derived macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (N-MICG) is a 185,000-dalton protein, synthesized in null cells, and antigenically distinct from T-MICG. Evidence to support these conclusions was provided by using isolated cell preparations that were radiolabeled, lysed in desoxycholate, and precipitated with monospecific antiserum to each component. These studies demonstrated that antiserum to T-MICG precipitated a 225,000 dalton protein from PBL and T cells, but not from B or null cells. Antiserum to N-MICG reacted with a 185,000 dalton protein present in PBL and null cells, but not with lysates from either T or B cells. The plasma membrane distribution of these proteins was shown by absorption of antiserum to T + N-MICG with either isolated T or null cells. Antibody-induced cytotoxicity and immunofluorescence confirmed the cell surface location of T and N-MICG. Divergent biologic effects of these antisera were also noted. Antiserum to T-MICG inhibited T cell rosette formation and the one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction, although anti-N-MICG antiserum had no such effect. The potential importance of these proteins is discussed.
Development and Evaluation of Superporous Ceramics Bone Tissue Scaffold Materials with Triple Pore Structure A) Hydroxyapatite, B) Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate (2012)

Hydroxyapatite ceramics (HAp) have been used as bone graft materials, due to their excellent biocompatibility and osteoconductivity. Moreover, they had a wide range of porosity for using various bone defect parts. For example, HAp from 0 to 15 % porosity with high strength was useful as an ilium spacer, intervertebral spacer which requires high strength. HAp from 30 to 40% porosity was useful as spinous process spacer for laminoplasty which requires bone formation and middle strength. Furthermore, HAp from 40 to 60% porosity was useful for the calvarias plate which requires good bone formation (Fig. However, due to the mechanical strength, the porosity was limited to 60% or less. Recently, regenerative therapy using cellular activity to cure bone defects has been developed, requiring HAp with porous spaces which cells can populate. We have developed superporous HAp (HAp-S) and designed the porosity, pore size and pore structure of HAp-S for managing directly-opposing factors of both high porosity and mechanical strength. In this study, the properties of HAp-S were examined in vitro using primary rat calvarial osteoblasts culture and an implant model using the canine femoral defect model, ilium defect model and rat calvarial defect model. Moreover, we report on Beta-tricalcium phosphate (Beta-TCP) ceramics, which have been used as bone tissue scaffold like HAp. Since 1999 in Japan, Beta-TCP ceramics have also been widely used as bone tissue scaffold materials in many areas of surgery due to their biocompatibility and biodegradation. Beta-TCP is gradually degraded in the bone tissue and replaced with natural bone. However, if the degradation rate is faster than the bone formation rate, the mechanical strength of Beta-TCP may become poor in the bone tissue. This study evaluated the degree of osteointegration of superporous Beta-TCP ceramics (TCP-S) with the same high porosity and triple pore structure as HAp-S (Apaceram -AX). In our previous study, HAp-S, which has smaller pores in HAp-Ss artificial bone made by two types of surfactants, was most suitable as an artificial bone. However, biodegradation of TCP is different in characteristics from non-biodegradation. We investigated whether the most suitable parameter of HAp applies to TCP using a canine femoral defect model (short term). The most suitable TCP was then selected as an artificial bone and the long-term www.intechopen.com
Sequence Databases and the Internet (2003)

Every researcher who generates new sequence data will have a curiosity and a need to know if his or her sequence is the same or similar to one that has been identified before, if it is likely to contain part of a gene, and the possible function of any such encoded protein. As the Human Genome Project accelerates towards completion of the genome map, the use of computational tools to achieve these objectives is likely to become increasingly rewarding. The aim of this chapter is to direct the inexperienced scientist toward the most essential programs and to describe their use. More advanced information can be found in recent books which cover the subject comprehensively (,).
Receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) – roles in signal transduction and human disease (2012)

Protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a fundamental regulatory mechanism controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, communication, and adhesion. Disruption of this key regulatory mechanism contributes to a variety of human diseases including cancer, diabetes, and auto-immune diseases. Net protein tyrosine phosphorylation is determined by the dynamic balance of the activity of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Mammals express many distinct PTKs and PTPs. Both of these families can be sub-divided into non-receptor and receptor subtypes. Receptor protein tyrosine kinases (RPTKs) comprise a large family of cell surface proteins that initiate intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent signal transduction in response to binding of extracellular ligands, such as growth factors and cytokines. Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are enzymatic and functional counterparts of RPTKs. RPTPs are a family of integral cell surface proteins that possess intracellular PTP activity, and extracellular domains that have sequence homology to cell adhesion molecules. In comparison to extensively studied RPTKs, much less is known about RPTPs, especially regarding their substrate specificities, regulatory mechanisms, biological functions, and their roles in human diseases. Based on the structure of their extracellular domains, the RPTP family can be grouped into eight sub-families. This article will review one representative member from each RPTP sub-family.
Ghrelin Directly Interacts With Neuropeptide-Y-Containing Neurons in the Rat Arcuate Nucleus (2003)

Ghrelin is a newly discovered peptide that is released from the stomach and from neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) and potently stimulates growth hormone release and food intake. Neuropeptide-Y (NPY) neurons in the ARC play an important role in the stimulation of food intake. The present study aimed to determine whether ghrelin directly activates NPY neurons and, if so, to explore its signaling mechanisms. Whether the neurons that respond to ghrelin could be regulated by orexin and leptin was also examined. We isolated single neurons from the ARC of rats and measured the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) with fura-2 fluorescence imaging. Ghrelin (10−12 to 10−8 mol/l) concentration-dependently increased [Ca2+]i, which occurred in 35% of the ARC neurons. Approximately 80% of these ghrelin-responsive neurons were proved to be NPY-containing by immunocytochemical staining, and 58% of them were glucose-sensitive neurons as judged by their responses to lowering glucose concentrations. The [Ca2+]i responses to ghrelin were markedly attenuated by inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA) but not protein kinase C and by a blocker of N-type but not L-type Ca2+ channels. Orexin increased [Ca2+]i and leptin attenuated ghrelin-induced [Ca2+]i increases in the majority (80%) of ghrelin-responsive NPY neurons. These results demonstrate that ghrelin directly interacts with NPY neurons in the ARC to induce Ca2+ signaling via PKA and N-type Ca2+ channel-dependent mechanisms. The integration of stimulatory effects of ghrelin and orexin and inhibitory effect of leptin may play an important role in the regulation of the activity of NPY neurons and thereby feeding.
Implementation of sine-wave input/output BLDC inverter for low inductance shipboard PM motor drives using modular power platform (2011)

A 15kW Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive system suitable shipboard applications has been developed. This platform meets shipboard interface requirements with low cost and high power density. It consists of a Pulse-Width Modulated (PWM) Current Source Rectifier (PWM-CSR) and front end Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) modules feeding a high efficiency PM Motor. Converter modules can be interchanged in order to optimize the power conversion function to the application. The design also includes controls networkability and flexibility to enable automation and end-user customization. This paper also investigates the optimal configuration in order to meet performance objectives without increasing size/weight. Experimental results are provided.
Opinions and Practices of Wisconsin Dairy Producers About Biosecurity and Animal Well-Being (2006)

The objective of this study was to characterize opinions and practices of Wisconsin dairy producers about biosecurity and animal wellbeing. Wisconsin dairy producers were surveyed using a mailed questionnaire and responder herds were categorized based on the number of lactating cows: very small herds (< or =50 lactating cows; n = 279); small herds (51 to 100 lactating cows; n = 202); medium herds (101 to 200 lactating cows; n = 42); and large herds (>200 lactating cows; n = 37). Producers from large herds adopted more biosecurity practices than those from small herds, but biosecurity risks were common. Almost half of the responders indicated that they purchased cattle, but few (49.4%) performed diagnostic testing of those cattle. The frequency of diagnostic testing and examination of purchased cattle increased with herd size. Producers generally (80%) believed that they used the "right amount" of antibiotics, but the use of written treatment protocols increased with herd size. Producers from large and medium herds reported much higher usage of computerized (65.7 and 17.5%, respectively) and paper records (42.9 and 22.5%, respectively) compared with producers from smaller herds. Almost all (92.6%) believed that Johne's disease was an important issue for the dairy industry, but only 9% had enrolled in the official Wisconsin control program. Most producers (88.6%) believed that dehorning caused at least a small amount of pain, but the majority (81%) did not use local anesthetics. Producers minimized risks with which they were most familiar. Drinking raw milk was not considered a human health risk by almost half the responders, whereas bovine spongiform encephalopathy was considered "no risk" to only 37%. Raw milk was consumed by more than 60%, but regular consumption of raw milk decreased from 47.7% (very small herds) to 24.3% (large herds); perception of the risk of raw milk increased from 46.2% (very small herds) to 56.8% (large herds) with herd size. Larger farms had more knowledge of personal health risks related to zoonotic pathogens. Overall, most management practices were associated with herd size, but many beliefs regarding important dairy farm issues were consistent.
Electrode Microchamber for Noninvasive Perturbation of Mammalian Cells With Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields (2005)

Nanosecond pulsed electric fields can pass through the external membrane of biological cells and disturb fast-responding intracellular structures and processes. To enable real-time imaging and investigation of these phenomena, a microchamber with integral electrodes and optical path for observing individual cells exposed to ultrashort electric pulses was designed and fabricated utilizing photolithographic and microelectronic methods. SU-8 photoresist was patterned to form straight sidewalls from 10 to 30 microm in height, with gold film deposited on the top and sidewalls for conductive, nonreactive electrodes and a uniform electric field. Channel dimensions (10-30 microm x 100 microm x 12 000 microm) are suitable for observations of mammalian cells during nanosecond, megavolt-per-meter pulsed electric field exposure. Experimental studies utilizing the electrode microchamber include live-cell imaging of nanoelectropulse-induced intracellular calcium bursts and membrane phospholipid translocation.
Human immunodeficiency virus: current trends in assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. (1994)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has or will impact each and every one of us; according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), there has been 9.8% increase of AIDS in women versus 2.5% in men in 1992, with more women, and specifically, black women infected through sexual contact rather than by intravenous drug use. In this article, the authors review the medical history and tests that should be obtained from all patients with HIV infection or AIDS treated, and the various disease entities and treatments specific to these patients.
GUIDELINES FOR RECYCLING PAVEMENT MATERIALS (1980)

These guidelines have been developed based on existing literature, personal conversations and correspondence, and a laboratory and field testing program. They are intended to provide to the practicing engineer the following information: 1) Point out the potential advantages of recycling. 2) Assist both in making a preliminary analysis of recycling as a pavement rehabilitation alternative and in identifying a suitable methodology. 3) Provide guidance and criteria for making a detailed analysis of cost, energy, materials design, structural design, construction specifications, and quality control. 4. Recommend a methodology for evaluating project results so that recycling alternatives can be compared with conventional methods of rehabilitation. (Author)
A generalized optical flow constraint and its physical interpretation (2002)

This paper addresses the issue of motion estimation on image sequences. The standard motion equation used to complete the apparent motion of image irradiance patterns is an invariance brightness based hypothesis called the optical flow constraint. Other equations can be used, in particular the extended optical flow constraint, which is a variant of the optical flow constraint, inspired by the fluid mechanic mass conservation principle. In this paper we propose a physical interpretation of this extended optical flow equation and a new model unifying the optical flow and the extended optical flow constraints. We present results obtained for synthetic and meteorological images.
GPU implementation of the feedforward neural network with modified Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (2014)

In this paper, an improved Levenberg-Marquardt-based feedforward neural network, with variable weight decay, is suggested. Furthermore, parallel implementation of the network on graphics processing unit is presented. Parallelization of the network is achieved on two different levels. First level of parallelism is data set level, where parallelization is possible due to inherently parallel structure of the feedforward neural networks. Second level of parallelism is Jacobian computation level. Third level of parallelism, i.e. parallelization of optimization search steps, is not implemented due to the variable weight decay, which makes third level of parallelism redundant. Suggested weight decay variation enables the compromise between higher accuracy with oscillations on one side and stable, but slower convergence on the other. To improve learning speed and efficiency, modification of random weight initialization is included. Testing of proposed algorithm is performed on two real domain benchmark problems. The results obtained and presented in this paper show effectiveness of proposed algorithm implementation.
miR-98 and let-7g* Protect the Blood-Brain Barrier Under Neuroinflammatory Conditions (2015)

Pathologic conditions in the central nervous system, regardless of the underlying injury mechanism, show a certain level of blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment. Endothelial dysfunction is the earliest event in the initiation of vascular damage caused by inflammation due to stroke, atherosclerosis, trauma, or brain infections. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a class of gene expression regulators. The relationship between neuroinflammation and miRNA expression in brain endothelium remains unexplored. Previously, we showed the BBB-protective and anti-inflammatory effects of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3β inhibition in brain endothelium in in vitro and in vivo models of neuroinflammation. Using microarray screening, we identified miRNAs induced in primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells after exposure to the pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α, with/out GSK3β inhibition. Among the highly modified miRNAs, let-7 and miR-98 were predicted to target the inflammatory molecules, CCL2 and CCL5. Overexpression of let-7 and miR-98 in vitro and in vivo resulted in reduced leukocyte adhesion to and migration across endothelium, diminished expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased BBB tightness, attenuating barrier 'leakiness' in neuroinflammation conditions. For the first time, we showed that miRNAs could be used as a therapeutic tool to prevent the BBB dysfunction in neuroinflammation.
PyF95++ (2010)

research-article Share on PyF95++: a templating capability for the Fortran 95/2003 language Authors: David Car View Profile , Michael List View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN Fortran ForumVolume 29Issue 1April 2010 pp 2–20https://doi.org/10.1145/1753166.1753167Online:01 April 2010Publication History 2citation384DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads384Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
The Importance of Generation Order in Language Modeling (2018)

Neural language models are a critical component of state-of-the-art systems for machine translation, summarization, audio transcription, and other tasks. These language models are almost universally autoregressive in nature, generating sentences one token at a time from left to right. This paper studies the influence of token generation order on model quality via a novel two-pass language model that produces partially-filled sentence "templates" and then fills in missing tokens. We compare various strategies for structuring these two passes and observe a surprisingly large variation in model quality. We find the most effective strategy generates function words in the first pass followed by content words in the second. We believe these experimental results justify a more extensive investigation of generation order for neural language models.
SIGNIFICANCE AND METABOLISM OF COMPLEXED AND NONCOMPLEXED PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN FORMS, AND HUMAN GLANDULAR KALLIKREIN 2 IN CLINICALLY LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER BEFORE AND AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY (1999)

Release of free PSA contributes to the elevation of plasma total PSA after prostatectomy. Free PSA is enzymatically inactive as the release does not result in subsequent elevation of PSA alpha1-antichymotrypsin or PSA alpha2-macroglobulin. Biphasic exponential elimination of free PSA may be explained by rapid extracellular redistribution (early half-life) and glomerular filtration in the kidneys (late half-life). Our data suggest rapid metabolism of human glandular kallikrein 2 but do not support suggestions of the significance in vivo of complex formations with alpha2-macroglobulin as a major means to eliminate PSA from plasma in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.
Localization of neurokinin B receptor in mouse gastrointestinal tract (2002)

This study not only described the distribution of neurokinin B receptor in the mouse gut, but also provided a morphological basis for deducing the functional identity of the NK3r-LI immunoreactivity neurons, suggesting the possibility that these neurons were closely related to gastrointestinal tract contraction and relaxing activity.
Wi-Fi Hotspot Auto-Discovery: A Practical & Energy-Aware System for Smart Objects using Cellular Signals (2015)

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm aims to interconnect a variety of heterogeneous Smart Objects (SO) using energy-efficient methodologies and standard communication protocols. A majority of consumer devices sold today come equipped with wireless LAN and cellular technology to connect with the world-wide network. To discover Wi-Fi hot spots, there is a need for constant scanning of Wi-Fi radio in these devices and results in significant battery drain. We present PRiSM, a practical system to automatically locate Wi-Fi hotspots while Wi-Fi radio is turned off, by using the statistical characteristics of cellular signals. Cellular signals are received at zero extra cost in mobile devices and hence PRiSM is highly energy-efficient. It is a lightweight client-side only implementation and needs no prior knowledge on floor plans or wireless infrastructure. We implement PRiSM on Android-based devices and show up to 96% of energy savings in Wi-Fi sensing operations which is equivalent to saving up to 16% of total battery capacity, together with an average prediction accuracy of up to 98%.
Copolymerization of 2,2-Dimethyltrimethylene Carbonate and <scp>l</scp>,<scp>l</scp>-Lactide (1996)

The ring-opening polymerization of mixtures of 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC) and l,l-lactide (LLA) in the melt, with diethyl zinc or dibutyltin dimethoxide as initiator, results in the formation of random copolymers. LLA polymerizes first in a fast reaction, followed by a slow polymerization of DTC. Investigations of the polymerization mechanism reveal that DTC is randomly inserted into LLA-LLA diads. The microstructure of the copolymers was determined by triad analysis of the 13C NMR spectra. The thermal behavior of the copolymers, especially the dependence of the glass transition temperature on the copolymer composition, was studied, and a deviation from the behavior predicted by the Fox equation was observed.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalytic Initiation of Thiol—Ene Reactions: Synthesis of Thiomorpholin‐3‐ones. (2014)

Abstract A photocatalytic method for thiol‐ene click reactions as well as a methodology for the preparation of thiomorpholin‐3‐ones are described.
Agarose gel electrophoresis of bacteriophages and related particles. III. Dependence of gel sieving on the agarose preparation (1983)

Abstract The sieving of different preparations of agarose has been measured during agarose gel electrophoresis, using as samples a spherical bacteriophage and two spherical bacteriophage‐related particles with radii between 13.3 and 41.9 nm. Semilogarithmic plots of electrophoretic mobility as a function of agarose perentage ( A ) were linear for A ⩽ 0.85, but became progressively nonlinear as A increased above 0.85. The regions of linearity in these plots were used to measure gel sieving and to determine an effective gel fibre radius. The sieving of the different preparations increased in the order HGT[P] < ME < Seaplaque (hydroxyethylated) Isogel (additive containing) < SeaPrep 15/45 (hydroxyethylated) (trade names of preparations from Marine Colloids). However, the effective gel fibre radius did not differ significantly from 25 nm among HGT[P], ME, SeaPlaque and SeaPrep 15/45 agarose; for Isogel, this radius was 20 nm. These data have been interpreted to indicate that the comparatively high sieving of SeaPlaque, SeaPrep 15/45, and to some extent Isogel agarose was caused by a comparatively low agarose mass per fibre volume and high total fibre length per gel volume. For at least some particles smaller than those used here, it is likely that migration through the gel fibres detected here occurs during agarose gel electrophoresis.