gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of capillary artemisia polysaccharide on oxidative injury to the liver in rats with obstructive jaundice (2012)

Obstructive jaundice is a condition caused by blockage of the flow of bile out of the liver. This results in an overflow of bile and its by-products into the blood, and bile excretion from the body is incomplete. Untreated, obstructive jaundice can lead to serious infection that spreads to other parts of the body. We examined the protective effect of capillary artemisia polysaccharide on oxidative damage to the liver in growing rats with obstructive jaundice (OJ). Growing male Wistar rats (n=40, age 3-4 weeks) were randomly divided into four groups (n=10 in each group): normal control group, sham group, OJ group and OJ with capillary artimesia polysaccha-ride treatment group (study group). The rats of the OJ group and the study group were subjected to common bile dust ligation, while the sham group had the bile duct mobilized but not ligated. The rats of the study group recieved 5 ml/kg capillary artimesia polysaccharide (0.5 g/ml) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection once daily while the other groups were administered 5 ml/kg saline by i.p. injection. After 4 weeks, the rats were sacrificed to obtain liver weight and to compute the liver coefficient. Additional measures included liver homogenate malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT). The liver weight and liver coefficient of rats in the study group were lower than those in the OJ group and higher than those in the control and sham groups (P<0.05). Liver homogenate MDA content in the study group rats was lower than that in the OJ group and higher than that in the control and sham group (P<0.05). SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities were higher in the study group rats than those in the OJ group and lower than those in other groups (P<0.05). Capillary artimesia capillary artemisia polysaccharide protects the liver from oxidative damage and improves antioxidant defense in growing rats with obstructive jaundice.
Discovering Social Photo Navigation Patterns (2012)

In general, user browsing behavior has been examined within specific tasks (e.g., search), or in the context of particular web sites or services ( e.g., in shopping sites). However, with the growth of social networks and the proliferation of many different types of web services ( e.g., news aggregators, blogs, forums, etc.), the web can be viewed as an ecosystem in which a user's actions in a particular web service may be influenced by the service she arrived from ( e.g., are users browsing patterns similar if they arrive at a website via search or via links in aggregators?). In particular, since photos in services like Flickr are used extensively throughout the web, it is common for visitors to the site to arrive via links in many different types of web sites. In this paper, we depart from the hypothesis that visitors to social sites such as Flickr behave differently depending on where they come from. For this purpose, we analyze a large sample of Flickr user logs to discover social photo navigation patterns. More specifically, we classify pages within Flickr into different categories ( e.g., "add a friend page", "single photo page," etc.), and by clustering sessions discover important differences in social photo navigation that manifest themselves depending on the type of site users visit before visiting Flickr. Our work examines photo navigation patterns in Flickr for the first time taking into account the referrer domain. Our analysis is useful in that it can contribute to a better understanding of how people use photo services like Flickr, and it can be used to inform the design of user modeling and recommendation algorithms, among others.
Effects of differing purified cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose fiber diets on fecal enzymes in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis. (1986)

The fecal microflora enzymes, beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase, as well as fecal bacterial counts, were examined during colon carcinogenesis in rats administered parenteral 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and fed nutritionally equivalent diets free of fiber or containing one of three single sources of dietary fiber (cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin). Whereas pectin-fed animals had increased fecal beta-glucuronidase activities, those fed cellulose and hemicellulose, two fibers protective in dimethylhydrazine colon neoplasia, had decreased activities. Although fecal bacterial counts were not significantly changed, similar differential changes in fecal beta-glucosidase activity were noted: cellulose but not pectin or hemicellulose feeding was associated with reduced activity. Although cellulose fiber may cause differing physiological effects resulting in a reduction in colonic neoplasia development in this experimental animal model, decreased bacterial metabolic enzyme activation of carcinogens or cocarcinogens may lead to diminished exposure of colonic cells to exogenous or endogenous mutagens.
Searching for Sounds: A Demonstration of FindSounds.com and FindSounds Palette (2004)

FindSounds.com is the first Web engine for sound effects. In addition to keyword-based retrieval of audio files, FindSounds.com provides a sounds-like search for content-based retrieval. FindSounds Palette is a unique software program enabling local and remote audio files to be searched by content and at multiple speeds.
The direct perfusion of surgical wounds with local anaesthetic solution: an approach to postoperative pain? (1983)

A simple technique of wound perfusion with bupivacaine (Marcain) which provides sustained postoperative analgesia is described. No complications nor side effects related to toxicity, hypersensitivity, infection, or impaired wound healing were encountered. Postoperative pain was reduced and analgesic requirements were significantly lower in patients undergoing both intermittent (P less than 0.01) and continuous (P = 0.1) wound perfusion (Student t test). Perfusion with isotonic saline was also found to be effective. This may represent a true therapeutic effect attributable to the removal or dilution of pain mediating substances in the wound.
All-fiber polarization beam splitting and rotating based on vector-mode-assisted coupling (2018)

We propose and design a new kind of all-fiber polarization beam splitter and rotator (PBS and PBR) based on vector-mode-assisted coupling. By embedding a high-contrast-index ring-core between two cores of the conventional fiber couplers, being a three-core coupling structure, the state of polarization (SOP) of fiber-guided modes can be availably controlled, such as polarization splitting and rotating, by transitional coupling through TM<sub>01</sub> or TE<sub>01</sub> vector mode. Furthermore, the SOP of coupled mode can be rotated with arbitrary angle under different three-core layouts. In particular, by exploiting HE<sub>21</sub>-assisted coupling case, we can realize full-dimensional SOP rotation for arbitrary polarization input. We give the numerical simulation for the proposed all-fiber PBS and PBR, and investigate the corresponding polarization extinction ratio and polarization rotating purity in detail. The calculation results manifest a favorable performance on SOP management of fiber-guided modes. This vector-mode-assisted coupling might be expected to find potential applications in the polarization-based optical signal processing, multiplexing, and sensing system.
High-performance near-field electroluminescent refrigeration device consisting of a GaAs light emitting diode and a Si photovoltaic cell (2017)

We consider a near-field electroluminescent refrigeration device. The device uses a GaAs light emitting diode as the cold side, and a Si photovoltaic cell as the hot side. The two sides are brought in close proximity to each other across a vacuum gap. The cooling is achieved by applying a positive bias on the GaAs light emitting diode. We show that the choice of GaAs and Si here can suppress the non-idealities for electroluminescent cooling purposes: GaAs has a wide bandgap with low Auger recombination, and Si is a non-polar semiconductor which leads to significantly reduced sub-bandgap heat transfer. We show that by using this configuration in the near-field regime, the cooling power density can reach 105 W/m2 even in the presence of realistic Auger recombination and Shockley-Read-Hall recombination. In addition, with photovoltaic power recovery from the Si cell, the efficiency of the device can be further improved. Our work points to the significant potential of combining near-field heat transfer with active semiconductor devices for the control of heat flow.
Spatial color indexing: a novel approach for content-based image retrieval (2003)

The paper examines the use of a computational geometry based spatial color indexing methodology for efficient and effective image retrieval. In this scheme, an image is evenly divided into a number of M*N non overlapping blocks, and each individual block is abstracted as a unique feature point labeled with its spatial location, dominant hue, and dominant saturation. For each set of feature points labeled with the same hue or saturation, we construct a Delaunay triangulation and then complete the feature point histogram by discretizing and counting the angles produced by this triangulation. The concatenation of all these feature point histograms serves as the image index. An important contribution of this work is to encode the spatial color information using geometric triangulation, which is translation, rotation, and scale independent. We have implemented the proposed approach and have tested it over two image collections of 2000 JPEG images and 1380 GIF images. Various experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of our techniques.
Mantel‐haenszel statistics and direct standardization (1982)

This paper demonstrates that the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square statistic may be employed to test the equality of two directly standardized rates. For certain epidemiological applications, this eliminates the need for special computer programs to contrast two directly standardized rates. Furthermore, since the weights are determined entirely by the data there is the advantage of avoiding the selection of an external standard population. Data analysts who compare two groups of rates with the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square statistic may view this statistic as a comparative measure of two directly adjusted rates.
Active capacitance multipliers using current conveyors (2002)

One of the most limiting problems in the design of integrated circuits is constituted by the realization of high valued capacitors, who have the heavy drawback of high occupation of silicon area. Moreover, in some sensor applications, it can be useful to deal with capacitance values higher than those normally given by capacitive sensors. In these cases, the use of capacitance multipliers can be very important. In this paper, we propose a novel principle of simple capacitance multipliers, by which it is possible to obtain higher capacitive values. Two solutions, the first using one CCII- with current gain and the second using two conventional CCIIs, are presented and analyzed. The effects of CCII non-idealities are also evaluated and discussed. Finally, SPICE simulations, which are in a close agreement with the analytical calculations, are also reported.
Furan Based Cyclic Oligopeptides Selectively Target G-Quadruplex (2007)

We report the binding properties of 18- and 24-membered cyclic oligopeptides developed from a novel furan amino acid, 5-(aminomethyl)-2-furancarboxylic acid, to G-quadruplex. Comparative analysis of the binding data of these ligands with G-quadruplex and double-strand DNA shows that 24-membered cyclic peptides are highly selective for telomeric G-quadruplex structures and thus can be used as a scaffold to target quadruplex structures at the genomic level.
(Altered) Self Peptides and the Regulation of Self Reactivity in the Peripheral T cell Pool (1996)

Tolerance for self has appeared incomplete for many self antigens. We have obtained experimental evidence that both for self heat shock proteins and T cell receptor V-gene products, reactive T cells are part of the normal immune repertoire. Furthermore, it has become apparent that stimulation of T cell responsiveness to these antigens, by using peptide immunisation or by transfer of activated T cells, raises resistance to experimentally induced autoimmune arthritis. In addition, available evidence has suggested that these reactivities may be functional during natural processes of disease remission. The observations with regard to heat-shock proteins have indicated that mechanism leading to disease resistance are most efficiently triggered by exposing the immune system to non-self antigens such as bacterial hsp's, which are similar to, but not identical to, self. Experimental evidence has been obtained, that conserved bacterial hsp peptides, may trigger self hsp reactive T cells, with disease suppressive regulatory potential. It is possible that such self hsp reactive T cells, being expanded by recognising bacterial peptides as full agonists, do, in fact, perceive the self epitopes as partial agonists, and therefore have the possibility of displaying downregulatory activity at the site of inflammation. Experiments with peptide analogs of self epitopes, being variants of disease critical T cell epitopes, have indeed suggested that also their activity in modulating disease may comply with the principles of dominant immunological tolerance.
Diet and Refsum's disease. The determination of phytanic acid and phytol in certain foods and the application of this knowledge to the choice of suitable convenience foods for patients with Refsum's disease (1993)

One hundred and fifty‐one foods were analysed for phytanic acid and 57 foods for free phytol. Foods analysed included examples from all major food groups, beverages and confectionery. No significant amount of phytanic acid was found in any food of purely vegetable origin. The sources of phytanic acid in the UK diet were confirmed to be foods derived from ruminant animals and fish. They include beef, lamb and products containing the milk fats of cows, sheep and goats. All fish were found to contain phytanic acid roughly in proportion to their fat content. Domestic and commercial fat blends containing animal fats (chiefly hydrogenated fish oils) and baked goods made from these fats contained phytanic acid: pure vegetable fat blends and foods containing them did not. Free phytol was found in small amounts in a variety of foods but not in sufficient quantity to warrant the exclusion of any one item from the diet of patients with Refsum's disease.
Preparation and Formation Mechanism of Alumina Hollow Nanospheres via High-Speed Jet Flame Combustion (2007)

A simple and effective method for the preparation of hollow alumina nanospheres was established via a high-speed jet flame combustion process. The morphology and structure of the hollow nanospheres were investigated using TEM, HRTEM, SEM, FTIR, XRD, BET, etc. A vapors mixture of C2H5OH and AlCl3 was exhausted at high speed into a flame reactor at 150 m/s and condensed into mesoscale droplets due to the Joule-Thomson cooling effect and the entrainment of cool gases into the expanding high-speed jet. The hollow alumina nanospheres were formed after the hydrolysis of AlCl3 in the H2/air flame at about 1200 °C. The hollow alumina nanosphere was composed of nanocrystallites about 5 nm and the shell thickness was 10−30 nm. The formation mechanism of the hollow alumina nanospheres was investigated, conforming to the one-droplet-to-one-particle theory.
Antiinflammatory activity and chemical composition of extracts of Verbena officinalis (2000)

In an attempt to locate the biologically active fraction(s) of the plant Verbena officinalis Linn. (Verbenaceae), a preliminary screening of successive petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts of aerial parts for antiinflammatory activity using carrageenan paw oedema model was carried out. All three extracts were found to exhibit antiinflammatory activity with the chloroform extract being the most active. Chemical investigations of petroleum ether and chloroform extracts led to the isolation of beta-sitosterol, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, 3-epiursolic acid, 3-epioleanolic acid, and minor triterpenoids of derivatives of ursolic acid and oleanolic acids. Chromatographic purification of the methanol extract yielded two iridoid glucosides, verbenalin and hastatoside, a phenylpropanoid glycoside, verbascoside and beta-sitosterol-D-glucoside.
The Length of Peptide Substrates Has a Marked Effect on Hydroxylation by the Hypoxia-inducible Factor Prolyl 4-Hydroxylases (2006)

Three hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl 4-hydroxylases (HIF-P4Hs) regulate the HIFs by hydroxylating prolines at two separate sites in the oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODDD) of their alpha subunits. We compared in vitro hydroxylation by purified recombinant human HIF-P4Hs of 19-20- and 35-residue peptides corresponding to the two sites in HIF-alphas and purified recombinant HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha ODDDs of 248 and 215 residues. The increase in the length of peptides representing the C-terminal site from 19 to 20 to 35 residues reduced the K(m) values to 90-800 nm, i.e. to 0.7-11% of those for the shorter peptides, whereas those representing the N-terminal site were 10-470 microm, i.e. 10-135%. The K(m) values of HIF-P4H-1 for the recombinant HIF-alpha ODDDs were 10-20 nm, whereas those of HIF-P4H-2 and -3 were 60-140 nm, identical values being found for the wild-type HIF-1alpha ODDD and its N site mutant. The K(m) values for the C site mutant were about 5-10 times higher but only 0.2-3% of those for the 35-residue N site peptides, and this marked difference suggested that the HIF-P4Hs may become bound first to the C-terminal site of an ODDD and that this binding may enhance subsequent binding to the N-terminal site. The K(m) values of HIF-P4H-2 for oxygen determined with the HIF-1alpha ODDD and both its mutants as substrates were all about 100 microm, being 40% of those reported for the three HIF-P4Hs with a 19-residue peptide. Even this value is high compared with tissue O(2) levels, indicating that HIF-P4Hs are effective oxygen sensors.
Systematic review of effects of low–moderate prenatal alcohol exposure on pregnancy outcome (2007)

This systematic review found no convincing evidence of adverse effects of prenatal alcohol exposure at low-moderate levels of exposure. However, weaknesses in the evidence preclude the conclusion that drinking at these levels during pregnancy is safe.
Simulation of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs. State of the Art (2010)

Use of fractured reservoir simulators can help reservoir engineers in the understanding of the main physical mechanisms and in the choice of the best recovery process and its optimization. Significant progress has been made since the first publications on the dual porosity concept in the sixties. This paper presents the current techniques of modeling used in industrial simulators. Following a description of the recovery processes and of the main physical mechanisms involved, a history of the fractured reservoir simulation is presented. Then the general mathematical formulation of dual porosity simulators is described. The paper ends with a presentation of the numerical simulation of flow in fractures and faults and of well modeling. The matrix-fracture transfer formulations, as well as techniques for uncertainty analysis and geology&flow-constrained history matching, will be addressed in the companion paper, Part 2: Matrix-Fracture Transfers and Typical Features of Numerical Studies.
iDIBS: an improved distributed backup system (2006)

iDIBS is a peer-to-peer backup system which optimizes the distributed Internet backup system (DIBS). iDIBS offers increased reliability by enhancing the robustness of existing packet transmission mechanism. Reed-Solomon erasure codes are replaced with Luby transform codes to improve computation speed and scalability of large files. Lists of peers are automatically stored onto nodes to reduce recovery time. To realize these optimizations, an acceptable amount of data overhead and an increase in network utilization are imposed on the iDIBS system. Through a variety of experiments, we demonstrate that iDIBS significantly outperforms DIBS in the areas of data computational complexity, backup reliability, and overall performance.
Preventive Strategies for Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections (2014)

Millions of intravascular catheters are purchased each year by hospitals and clinics, placing many patients at risk for serious catheter-related infections. This chapter summarizes the rapidly expanding body of literature concerning prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections in the hope of reducing the risk posed to present and future patients. Prophylaxis with vancomycin or teicoplanin during central venous catheter insertion does not reduce the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infection. The addition of prophylactic vancomycin to flush solutions or total parenteral nutrition solutions significantly reduces the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infection; however, use of systemic antimicrobial agents to prevent intravascular catheter-related infections is not recommended. Administering very low doses of warfarin reduces thrombosis due to long-term central venous catheters. Use of prophylactic heparin by bolus infusion or when it is added to intravenous solutions does not significantly reduce the risk of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection. Prophylactic heparin significantly reduces the incidence of catheter-related central venous thrombosis in patients with central venous and pulmonary artery catheters. A number of different strategies can be used to prevent serious intravascular catheter-related infections.
Designing real-time vision based augmented reality environments for 3D collaborative applications (2003)

Augmented reality (AR) is a variation of virtual reality. It allows the user to see computer generated virtual objects superimposed upon the real world through the use of some kind of see-through head-mounted display. Human users of such system can interact with the virtual world and have additional information, such as character description of physical objects and instruction for performing physical tasks in form of annotation, speech instruction, image, and 3D model. This paper describes our work of building a wireless augmented reality prototype, which supports video-based 3D graphics and a keyboard interface over wearable computers to interact with virtual objects. A new technique for identifying real world objects and estimating their coordinate systems is introduced. The method utilizes a binary square marker, which can identify a great number of real world objects with markers tagged on them by using computer vision techniques.