gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Glenoid Labrum in Anterior Shoulder Instability (1994)

Detachment of the anterior inferior labrum and inferior glenohumeral ligament complex from the glenoid is a common lesion encountered in anterior shoulder instability while other types of labral lesions are associated with symptoms that mimic instability. Accurate delineation of labral lesion is, therefore, key in managing shoulder problems. In a prospective double-blinded fashion, we compared the magnetic resonance imaging findings with those noted at surgery in 33 patients with possible anterior shoulder instability. Of 28 surgically confirmed labral lesions, 21 were detected by imaging. Sensitivity was 75%, specificity 100%, while positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 41%, respectively. Overall accuracy was 79%. Based on a literature review and our clinical experience, we developed a classification of glenoid labra according to the type and severity of the lesions. Method of treatment correlated with clinical outcome, using this system, to a statistically significant level. Unfortunately, this system enabled accurate classification with magnetic resonance imaging in only 7 of 33 (21%) labra, with the precision necessary to affect surgical planning in our series. We conclude that magnetic resonance imaging is not useful in the surgical planning for most patients with obvious anterior shoulder instability.
Differential Effects of the Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors p27 <sup>Kip1</sup> , p21 <sup>Cip1</sup> , and p16 <sup>Ink4</sup> on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation (2000)

p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1) are potent inhibitors of VSMC growth compared with p16(Ink4) because of their different molecular mechanisms of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibition in the G(1) phase of the cell cycle. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the pathophysiology of vascular proliferative diseases and for the development of molecular therapies.
The Use of Antisense mRNA to Inhibit the Tonoplast H + ATPase in Carrot (1992)

J. Peter Gogarten, Jenny Fichmann, Yael Braun, Louis Morgan, Paul Styles, Saundra Lee Taiz, Karen DeLapp, Lincoln Taiz, The Use of Antisense mRNA to Inhibit the Tonoplast H⁺ ATPase in Carrot, The Plant Cell, Vol. 4, No. 7 (Jul., 1992), pp. 851-864
Three-Dimensional Drone-Cell Deployment for Congestion Mitigation in Cellular Networks (2018)

Future cellular networks are expected to offload flash crowd traffic in an area (e.g., a stadium with ongoing sporting events). Owing to the temporary characteristic of this traffic, investing in infrastructures may not be financially viable to provide service coverage for this traffic. Resorting to drone-cells (i.e., unmanned aerial vehicles acting as aerial base stations) to offer rapid but temporary service coverage is a promising solution. Although drone-cells provide quick coverage, efficient placement of drones is challenging. In this paper, we model heterogeneous traffic distribution and formulate a three-dimensional (3-D) drone-cell placement problem with a goal of mitigating congestion for future cellular networks under heterogeneous traffic. To make this problem easy to solve, we convert the 3-D drone-cell placement problem into a new 3-D drone-cell placement problem based on our derived theoretical results. We propose four algorithms to solve the new 3-D drone-cell placement problem. In these algorithms, we first develop four types of drone-cell altitude solvers to achieve a drone-cell altitude. With such an altitude, we further convert the new 3-D problem into a mixed-integer quadratic cone optimization problem in 2-D space, which is solvable by an optimization tool. Simulation results show that these algorithms can effectively help deploy a drone-cell to mitigate network congestion.
Diagnosis of congenital CMV infection via dried blood spots (2006)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most frequent congenital infection in humans and can cause permanent damage--particularly neurological--in about 20% of those infected, with or without symptoms at birth. Laboratory diagnosis is essential on account of the relatively non-specific clinical manifestations in symptomatic newborns but also because of the high frequency of asymptomatic cases that are nevertheless at risk of lesions later in life. However, these tests need samples taken within 3 weeks of birth to distinguish congenital infection from the more common, but clinically benign, perinatal infection. Tests for viral DNA have proved a valid means of diagnosing congenital CMV infection in neonatal blood dried on paper (DBS) widely used in screening for metabolic and genetic diseases, as an alternative to the conventional urine culture method. The DBS test is simpler, faster and less costly than viral isolation; in addition the samples can be safely stored for long periods, so diagnosis can be made even after several years. The sensitivity and specificity of the DBS test, compared to the reference method, have been reported to range between 71 and 100% and 99 and 100%, respectively, depending on the different studies and diagnostic criteria applied. The most interesting applications reported so far involve retrospective determination of the impact of congenital CMV in sensorineural deafness, abnormalities of cortical development, neonatal cholestasis and surveys of the prevalence of this infection in various populations. The test might be useful in the future for neonatal screening with a view to treating neonates and so avoiding the damage this disease can cause.
Accelerated Clearance of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Experimental Peritonitis of Histamine-Deficient Mice (2002)

We prepared a model of experimental peritonitis by introducing Escherichia coli into the peritoneal cavity of the histamine-deficient mice generated by a disruption of the gene for histidine decarboxylase (HDC), the unique histamine-synthesizing enzyme. When we inoculated E. coli into the peritoneal cavities of the HDC(-/-) (histamine-deficient) mice, they eliminated E. coli more efficiently than did the wild-type mice. Histamine was released efficiently from the peritoneal cells after E. coli inoculation in HDC(+/+) mice, although only trace amounts were detected in the peritoneal cells of HDC(-/-) mice. Two histamine agonists (6-[2-(4-imidazolyl)ethylamino]-N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)hepatanecarboxamide (H(1)) and dimaprit (H(2))) impaired the clearance of E. coli from the peritoneal cavity in HDC(-/-) mice, suggesting that the activation of both H(1) and H(2) receptors suppresses the clearance. In contrast, two kinds of H(1) and H(2) receptor antagonists, cimetidine and pyrilamine, promoted the clearance of E. coli in HDC(+/+) mice. Phagocytosis appeared to be enhanced in HDC(-/-) mice, since the number of neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity of HDC(-/-) mice was markedly increased. This enhanced recruitment of neutrophils was suppressed in the presence of the histamine agonists, 6-[2-(4-imidazolyl)ethylamino]-N-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)hepatanecarboxamide and dimaprit. In this report histamine was first shown to be an important mediator in an E. coli infectious peritonitis model, causing a delay in the elimination of bacteria. This also raised the possibility of the use of antihistamine drugs for bacterial infection.
Frequent nitric oxide synthase-2 expression in human colon adenomas: implication for tumor angiogenesis and colon cancer progression. (1998)

An increased expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) has been observed in human colon carcinoma cell lines as well as in human gynecological, breast, and central nervous system tumors. This observation suggests a pathobiological role of tumor-associated NO production. Hence, we investigated NOS expression in human colon cancer in respect to tumor staging, NOS-expressing cell type(s), nitrotyrosine formation, inflammation, and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Ca2+-dependent NOS activity was found in normal colon and in tumors but was significantly decreased in adenomas (P < 0.001) and carcinomas (Dukes' stages A-D: P < 0.002). Ca2+-independent NOS activity, indicating inducible NOS (NOS2), is markedly expressed in approximately 60% of human colon adenomas (P < 0.001 versus normal tissues) and in 20-25% of colon carcinomas (P < 0.01 versus normal tissues). Only low levels were found in the surrounding normal tissue. NOS2 activity decreased with increasing tumor stage (Dukes' A-D) and was lowest in colon metastases to liver and lung. NOS2 was detected in tissue mononuclear cells (TMCs), endothelium, and tumor epithelium. There was a statistically significant correlation between NOS2 enzymatic activity and the level of NOS2 protein detected by immunohistochemistry (P < 0.01). Western blot analysis of tumor extracts with Ca2+-independent NOS activity showed up to three distinct NOS2 protein bands at Mr 125,000-Mr 138,000. The same protein bands were heavily tyrosine-phosphorylated in some tumor tissues. TMCs, but not the tumor epithelium, were immunopositive using a polyclonal anti-nitrotyrosine antibody. However, only a subset of the NOS2-expressing TMCs stained positively for 3-nitrotyrosine, which is a marker for peroxynitrite formation. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor expression was detected in adenomas expressing NOS2. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that excessive NO production by NOS2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of colon cancer progression at the transition of colon adenoma to carcinoma in situ.
Discovery of a new class of immunoglobulin heavy chain from fugu (2005)

In teleosts, the genomic organization of the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy (H)-chain locus was thought to follow a typical translocon-type multigene structure; however, recent studies have indicated a variation in the structure and this might be teleost specific. Isotypes of the Ig H-chain, namely IgM, IgD, IgZ and IgT, have been identified. In this study, we report the discovery of a new class of IgH from fugu. This isotype was first identified from the genomic sequence of the fugu IgH locus. This novel IgH gene is composed of two constant (C) domains, a hinge region, and two exons encoding membrane regions. Surprisingly, the new IgH gene is present between the variable (V)H and Cmu regions of the locus. The C domains of the new isotype do not show any significant similarity to mammalian or fish IgH genes. The cloned cDNA from the new isotype has typical Ig H-chain characteristics and is expressed as both secretory and membrane form. Transcript analyses suggest that the new IgH from fugu might only use the joining (J)H segments present in front of the new CH domains and that the usage of DH and JH segments is specific to the isotype expressed. The expression pattern of the gene has been confirmed by in situ hybridization and PCR studies.
Anniversary Paper: Roles of medical physicists and health care applications of informatics (2007)

Over the past 100 years, both diagnostic radiology and radiation therapy have grown from infancy to maturity. Accompanying this growth, the discipline of medical physics has evolved and advanced accordingly. New diagnostic and therapeutic procedures continue to be developed, for example, multidetector computed tomography, multileaf collimation, magnetic resonance imaging, dual-source computed tomography, and intensity-modulated radiation therapy. These are now incorporated in health care facilities throughout the world. Modern technologies such as these provide information on underlying pathology at increasingly higher resolutions, generating more information; thus requiring complex methods of image recording and storage. The management of the storage and retrieval of accumulated information is a domain of informatics. In this short review, we describe the different roles of medical physicists and the effective contribution of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine in the evolution of informatics. Medical physicists have contributed to the development of informatics in numerous ways, such as designing hospital information systems and infrastructures that better serve radiologists and other physicians. In addition, the positive exploitation of knowledge gathered in medical settings and effective interdisciplinary collaborations between scientists of different backgrounds have increased. These developments provide future medical physicists the opportunity to develop strategic roles in information technology and thus better contribute to health care.
Dual-wavelength laser source monolithically integrated with Y-junction coupler and isolator using quantum-well intermixing (2000)

A dual-wavelength laser source monolithically integrated with an isolator and a Y-junction coupler is fabricated by using a new quantum-well intermixing technique. The technique employs a buried Ge layer between the sample surface and the spin-on silica film to control the bandgap tuning in selective areas across a wafer. The integrated isolator can avoid the crosstalk between the two channels of the device. Two distinct lasing wavelengths of 950 and 969 nm are coupled into one single output port through the transparent Y-junction coupler. The two channels have similar threshold current and slope efficiency.
CD30 expression on human CD8+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal donors (1996)

By direct or indirect immunofluorescence using FITC as a fluorochrome, 0 to 2% of the T cells isolated from peripheral blood of normal healthy individuals was found to be CD30+. Using indirect immunofluorescence and phycoerythrin-labeled Ab, higher percentages of CD30+ T cells (3-31%) were repeatedly found in the peripheral blood of normal healthy donors. The majority (85-90%) of CD30+ T cells obtained from PBLs of normal healthy donors were found in the CD8+ cell population. Following FACS sorting of the T cell populations into CD30+ and CD30- subpopulations, approximately 85 to 90% CD30+ T cells were CD8+, whereas the CD30- T cells were CD4+. Upon activation, the sorted CD30+ T cells produced both IFN-gamma and IL-4. In contrast to previous reports, these results demonstrate that CD30+CD8+ T cells are present in significant numbers in the PBLs of normal healthy individuals.
A Test for Characterizing Delamination Migration in Carbon/Epoxy Tape Laminates (2013)

A new test method is presented for the purpose of investigating migration of a delamination between neighboring ply interfaces in fiber-reinforced, polymer matrix tape laminates. The test is a single cantilever beam configuration consisting of a cross-ply laminate with a polytetrafluoroethylene insert implanted at the mid-plane and spanning part way along the length of the specimen. The insert is located between a 0- degree ply (specimen length direction) and a stack of four 90-degree plies (specimen width direction). The specimen is clamped at both ends onto a rigid baseplate and is loaded on its upper surface via a piano hinge. Tests were conducted with the load-application point located on the intact portion of the specimen in order to initiate delamination growth onset followed by migration of the delamination to a neighboring 90/0 ply interface by kinking through the 90-degree ply stack. Varying this position was found to affect the distance relative to the load-application point at which migration initiated. In each specimen, migration initiated by a gradual transition of the delamination at the 0/90 interface into the 90-degree ply stack. In contrast, transition of the kinked crack into the 90/0 interface was sudden. Fractography of the specimens indicated that delamination prior to migration was generally mixed mode-I/II. Inspection of the kink surface revealed mode-I fracture. In general, use of this test allows for the observation of the growth of a delamination followed by migration of the delamination to another ply interface, and should thus provide a means for validating analyses aimed at simulating migration.
Chain Architecture and Asymmetry in Copolymer Microphases (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChain Architecture and Asymmetry in Copolymer MicrophasesScott T. MilnerCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 8, 2333–2335Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00086a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00086a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1814Altmetric-Citations335LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation in CHO Cells Resistant to Cholera Toxin, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Exotoxin A, and Ricin (2002)

Many plant and bacterial toxins act upon cytosolic targets and must therefore penetrate a membrane barrier to function. One such class of toxins enters the cytosol after delivery to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These proteins, which include cholera toxin (CT), Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (ETA), and ricin, move from the plasma membrane to the endosomes, pass through the Golgi apparatus, and travel to the ER. Translocation from the ER to the cytosol is hypothesized to involve the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. We developed a genetic strategy to assess the role of mammalian ERAD in toxin translocation. Populations of CHO cells were mutagenized and grown in the presence of two lethal toxins, ETA and ricin. Since these toxins bind to different surface receptors and attack distinct cytoplasmic targets, simultaneous acquisition of resistance to both would likely result from the disruption of a shared trafficking or translocation mechanism. Ten ETA- and ricin-resistant cell lines that displayed unselected resistance to CT and continued sensitivity to diphtheria toxin, which enters the cytosol directly from acidified endosomes, were screened for abnormalities in the processing of a known ERAD substrate, the Z form of alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1AT-Z). Compared to the parental CHO cells, the rate of alpha1AT-Z degradation was decreased in two independent mutant cell lines. Both of these cell lines also exhibited, in comparison to the parental cells, decreased translocation and degradation of a recombinant CTA1 polypeptide. These findings demonstrated that decreased ERAD function was associated with increased cellular resistance to ER-translocating protein toxins in two independently derived mutant CHO cell lines.
Optimization of the breakdown voltage in LDMOS transistors using internal field rings (2002)

It is shown that field rings in the drift region of LDMOS (lateral double diffused MOS) transistors can be used to reduce the electric field at the Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface and increase the breakdown voltage of the structure. A first order analytical approach shows the upper limit of the position of the ring with respect to the channel, and the doping concentration within the ring to increase the breakdown voltage. A 2-D numerical calculation of the breakdown voltage and on-resistance of the LDMOS transistor is presented. The results, which support the analytical approach, allow the designer to use simple design rules for the implantation of high-voltage LDMOS transistors on thick epitaxial layers. A potential improvement of the breakdown voltage arises if the distance between the channel and the field ring is equal to the field plate length and the doping concentration in the ring satisfies a specified equation. Doubling the breakdown voltage is associated with a 25% increase in device area. The on-resistance depends mainly on the field ring position with respect to the channel. A good tradeoff between the breakdown voltage and on-resistance is obtained when the channel-ring distance is equal to the field plate length.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Safety of frequent high dose nebulized terbutaline in children with acute severe asthma. (1990)

Forty-four Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) admissions for acute severe asthma in 27 children between 8/80 and 10/86 were reviewed to determine the safety of prolonged administration of frequently nebulized terbutaline. The mean dose of nebulized terbutaline was 0.2 mg/kg/dose (range = 0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg/dose) given at a mean frequency of 2.4 +/- 1.2 hours. Seven patients received continuous nebulization at a dose of 0.4 +/- 0.2 mg/kg/h. All patients were placed on continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring. Emergency room therapy was determined by the primary emergency room physicians. Upon admission to the PICU, the mean +/- SD heart rate was 150 +/- 21 bpm and the respiratory rate was 44 +/- 16 bpm. After institution of therapy, these parameters decreased to a similar degree in parallel. The maximum decrease after 36 hours was 28% and 37% for heart rate and respiratory rate, respectively. No cardiac arrhythmias were noted. The initial PaCO2 upon admission to the PICU was 32 mm Hg (range = 24 to 44 mm Hg), the maximum decrease in PaCO2 generally occurred during the 6-hour to 12-hour time interval following admission. We conclude that frequent administration of high doses of nebulized terbutaline is safe in the management of acute severe childhood asthma even in the setting of prolonged administration to the hospitalized child.
Bisulfite Conversion of DNA: Performance Comparison of Different Kits and Methylation Quantitation of Epigenetic Biomarkers that Have the Potential to Be Used in Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (2015)

Our findings indicate that the MethylEdge Bisulfite Conversion System (Promega) was shown to have the best performance among the kits. In addition, the methylation level of two of our DMRs, EP6 and EP10, was confirmed. Finally, we showed that bisulfite amplicon sequencing is a suitable approach for methylation analysis of targeted regions.
Developing Secure Embedded Systems: Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them (2007)

We give an overview over the challenges in developing secure embedded systems and show how to use the approach of model-based security engineering (MBSE) to address them. In MBSE, recurring security requirements (such as secrecy, integrity, authenticity and others) and security assumptions on the system environment, can be specified either within a UML specification, or within the source code (Java or C) as annotations.
Steady-State Characteristics of a Current-Source Inverter/Double-Wound Synchronous Machine System for AC Power Supply (1980)

A detailed steady-state analysis of a novel dc-to-ac conversion system used as an ac power source in dc electric railway coaches is presented. This system consists of a current-source inverter, a double-wound synchronous machine, a position sensor, and a control circuit. An equivalent circuit convenient for predicting the steady-state behavior of the system is first derived. Based on this equivalent circuit, the output voltage waveforms are then examined. It is shown that the voltage waveforms are nearly sinusoidal except that narrow spikes are superposed on them during commutation of the thyristors. As to armature reaction in the double-wound synchronous machine, it is shown that a remarkable direct reaction appears which affects the voltage regulation of the system. Finally, a method for keeping the output voltage and frequency constant is discussed.