gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Logical zeros for the seven-qubit quantum error correction code (2011)

In this work we compare the accuracy of two methods used to construct a logical zero state appropriate for the [7, 1, 3] CSS quantum error correction code in a non-equiprobable Pauli operator error environment. The first method is to apply error correction, via syndrome measurement, on seven physical qubits all in the state zero. To do the syndrome measurements in a fault-tolerant fashion requires the construction of four qubit Shor states. These Shor states are also assumed to be constructed in a non-equiprobable Pauli operator error environment and it is these that are used to implement the syndrome measurement. The second construction method is to implement the [7, 1, 3] encoding gate sequence, also in the nonequiprobable Pauli operator error environment. The fidelity of the output states is calculated for each of these methods. With respect to the Shor state construction we find that the implementation of (noisy) parity based verifications does not necessarily raise the fidelity of the resulting Shor state. We also find that the second logical zero construction method outputs a seven qubit state with a respectfully higher fidelity than the first (fault tolerant) method. However, the fidelity of the single qubit of stored information has almost equivalent fidelity from the two construction methods.
Sparse representation based anomaly detection with enhanced local dictionaries (2014)

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for anomaly detection by modeling the usual behaviour with enhanced dictionary. The corresponding sparse reconstruction error indicates the anomaly. We compute the dictionaries, for each local region, from feature descriptors obtained from usual behavior. The novelty of the proposed work is in enhancing the local dictionaries based on the similarity of usual behavior with its spatial neighbors. Dictionary enhancement is achieved by appending `transformed dictionary' to the `local dictionary'. This `transformed dictionary' is learned based on the transformations of behavior patterns across two neighboring regions. We conduct experiments on widely used UCSD Ped1 and Ped2 datasets to compare with the existing algorithms and demonstrate the improvement in anomaly detection with enhanced dictionaries compared to typically learned local dictionary.
Back-of-the-Envelope Computation of Throughput Distributions in CSMA Wireless Networks (2009)

This paper presents a simple method for computing throughputs of links in a CSMA network. We call our method back-of-the-envelop (BoE) computation, because for many network configurations, very accurate results can be obtained by simple hand computation. BoE beats prior methods in terms of both speed and accuracy. To explain BoE, we construct a theory based on the model of an "ideal CSMA network" (ICN). We find that link throughputs are insensitive to the distributions of the backoff countdown time and transmission time in ICN given the ratio of their mean c. The BoE computation method emerges from ICN in the limit c rarr 0 . The insensitivity result explains why BoE works so well for IEEE 802.11 networks, in which the backoff countdown process is one that has memory and the transmission time can be arbitrarily distributed. Furthermore, c does not have to be very small for BoE to be highly accurate. BoE allows us to make shortcuts in performance evaluation, bypassing complicated stochastic analysis. An immediate application of BoE is for quick identification of starved links in the network so that remedies can be devised to solve the problem.
A satellite switched CDMA system for fixed service communications (1999)

Satellite-switched code-division multiple access is a system proposed for geostationary fixed satellite service. SS/CDMA provides both multiple access and switching to a multibeam satellite. In this article we present the system architecture and performance. The SS/CDMA consist of the common air interface (CAI) and the onboard code switching mechanism. The CAI provides signaling control and traffic channels. Traffic channel access and modulation is based on a spectrally efficient CDMA scheme. The satellite code-division switch (CDS) routes calls from an uplink to a downlink beam without onboard demodulation and channel decoding. This system operates with demand assignment control; that is, channel bandwidth and switch connections are only assigned per user request. The system can offer a wide variety of bit rates with wireline quality of service. The services provided are circuit-switched calls for voice data and video, and packet-switched for data. As shown, the proposed SE-CDMA can achieve high capacity and very low bit error rates at low signal-to-noise ratio. Also, the innovative switching technique can provide low complexity and achieve high throughput for all services.
Current Status of Delivery Systems to Improve Target Efficacy of Oligonu-cleotides (2004)

The tragic failure of gene therapy resulted in rolling back the research of gene-based medicine. Because of the poor delivery of gene-based medicines, such as antisense oligonucleotides, ribozyme, triplex, or gene both in vitro and in vivo, further development of gene-based medicines as therapeutic agents have stagnated. Although the delivery system plays a critical role in the overall efficacy of oligonucleotides, inappropriate target selection, improper evaluation methods and misinterpretation of results often caused the pessimistic view. Still, the decoding of the whole human genome has rekindled the enthusiastic development of delivery tools for gene-based medicine. We would like to focus on the newly developed delivery systems mainly for antisense oligonucleotides in this article. There are two ways to improve delivery efficacy of antisense oligonucleotides: One is the chemical modification of the antisense oligonucleotide backbone. The other way is by means of delivery vehicles, such as cationic liposomes, synthetic polymers, or non-viral vectors. We will review the current status of delivery vehicles both in vitro and in vivo. Delivery efficiency depends on the oligonucleotides' chemistry, length, size, net charge, cell/tissue type and administration route. It is difficult to deduce a common rule that affects delivery efficiency. Some cells like keratinocytes rapidly internalize oligonucleotides without a delivery system, which is contrary to common belief. Although we cannot extensively cover all reports, we will summarize several experiments with delivery system in vitro and in vivo. We will then address the possible factors promoting the efficient delivery of oligonucleotides.
Supraagonistic, bispecific single‐chain antibody purified from the serum of cloned, transgenic cows induces T‐cell‐mediated killing of glioblastoma cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2005)

Here we characterize the antitumor activity of a recombinant bispecific single-chain antibody isolated from the serum of cloned transgenic cows. The antibody, termed r28M, is directed to a melanoma-associated proteoglycan, also expressed on glioblastoma cells, and to human CD28. Bound to tumor cells, r28M induced exceedingly efficient supraagonistic T-cell activation via the CD28 molecule without an additional stimulus via the TCR/CD3 complex. In vitro, T cells and NK cells contributed to tumor cell killing after r28M-mediated activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. However, NK activity depended on T-cell-derived cytokines. In vivo, r28M markedly inhibited the growth of human glioblastoma cells in nude mice. The serum half-life of the protein after i.v. injection was approximately 6 hr. Thus, r28M is unique not only in inducing supraagonistic CD28-mediated T-cell activation against tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, it also meets 2 additional requirements that are critical for clinical application: a relatively long serum half-life and the possibility of obtaining large amounts of active material from cloned transgenic livestock.
Application of gravitational sedimentation to efficient cellular recycling in continuous alcoholic fermentation (1993)

A mathematical model for the sedimentation velocity in an inclined parallel plate sedimenter is proposed. The parameters of the alcoholic fermentation broth (cell density of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, density of the fermentation medium, viscosity of the broth at various alcohol and biomass contents) were determined experimentally. The sedimentation velocities were predicted under the various operational conditions and parameters, both of the broth (the alcohol concentration and cell content) and the sedimenter prototype (length, distance between the plates, and slope). The proposed model for the sedimentation velocity presented a good correlation with the experimental results of continuous sedimentation. These sedimenter prototypes were assembled and tested for efficiency of separation of yeast cell under conditions considered for interest for continuous alcoholic fermentation. A selective filter for the overflow composed of calcium alginate gel improved operation. A high operational stability, high separation efficiency (over 98%), and adequate settler residence times (about 20 min) were attained. The operational results permitted the operation of continuous alcoholic fermentation with cellular recycling effected exclusively by gravitational sedimentation, this characterizing a process of enormous industrial interest because of the operational simplicity and low operational and maintenance costs.
Building software process lines with CASPER (2012)

Software product quality and project productivity require defining suitable software process models. The best process depends on the circumstances where it is applied. Typically, a process engineer tailors a specific process for each project or each project type from an organizational software process model. Frequently, tailoring is performed in an informal and reactive fashion, which is expensive, unrepeatable and error prone. Trying to deal with this challenge, we have built Casper, a meta-process for defining adaptable software process models. This paper presents Casper illustrating it using the ISPW-6 process. Casper meta-process allows producing project specific processes in a planned way using four software process principles and a set of process practices that enable a feasible production strategy. According to its application to a canonical case, this paper concludes that Casper enables a practical technique for tailoring a software process model.
APSIC guide for prevention of Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI) (2016)

This document is an executive summary of the APSIC Guide for Prevention of Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI). It describes key evidence-based care components of the Central Line Insertion and Maintenance Bundles and its implementation using the quality improvement methodology, namely the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) methodology involving multidisciplinary process and stakeholders. Monitoring of improvement over time with timely feedback to stakeholders is a key component to ensure the success of implementing best practices. A surveillance program is recommended to monitor outcomes and adherence to evidence-based central line insertion and maintenance practices (compliance rate) and identify quality improvement opportunities and strategically targeting interventions for the reduction of CLABSI.
Efficient genomic correction methods in human iPS cells using CRISPR–Cas9 system (2015)

Precise gene correction using the CRISPR-Cas9 system in human iPS cells holds great promise for various applications, such as the study of gene functions, disease modeling, and gene therapy. In this review article, we summarize methods for effective editing of genomic sequences of iPS cells based on our experiences correcting dystrophin gene mutations with the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Designing specific sgRNAs as well as having efficient transfection methods and proper detection assays to assess genomic cleavage activities are critical for successful genome editing in iPS cells. In addition, because iPS cells are fragile by nature when dissociated into single cells, a step-by-step confirmation during the cell recovery process is recommended to obtain an adequate number of genome-edited iPS cell clones. We hope that the techniques described here will be useful for researchers from diverse backgrounds who would like to perform genome editing in iPS cells.
AM1 parameters for aluminum (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAM1 parameters for aluminumMichael J. S. Dewar and Andrew J. HolderCite this: Organometallics 1990, 9, 2, 508–511Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00116a031https://doi.org/10.1021/om00116a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Activation of Heterotrimeric G Proteins by a High Energy Phosphate Transfer via Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase (NDPK) B and Gβ Subunits (2003)

Formation of GTP by nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) can contribute to G protein activation in vitro. To study the effect of NDPK on G protein activity in living cells, the NDPK isoforms A and B were stably expressed in H10 cells, a cell line derived from neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of either NDPK isoform had no effect on cellular GTP and ATP levels, basal cAMP levels, basal adenylyl cyclase activity, and the expression of G(s)alpha and G(i)alpha proteins. However, co-expression of G(s)alpha led to an increase in cAMP synthesis that was largely enhanced by the expression of NDPK B, but not NDPK A, and that was confirmed by direct measurement of adenylyl cyclase activity. Cells expressing an inactive NDPK B mutant (H118N) exhibited a decreased cAMP formation in response to G(s)alpha. Co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated a complex formation of the NDPK with Gbetagamma dimers. The overexpression of NDPK B, but not its inactive mutant or NDPK A, increased the phosphorylation of Gbeta subunits. In summary, our data demonstrate a specific NDPK B-mediated activation of a G protein in intact cells, which is apparently caused by formation of NDPK B.Gbetagamma complexes and which appears to contribute to the receptor-independent activation of heterotrimeric G proteins.
Cloning and expression of active domains of human protein disulphide isomerase (1995)

Conference Article| February 01 1995 Cloning and expression of active domains of human protein disulphide isomerase STEPHEN H. McLAUGHLIN; STEPHEN H. McLAUGHLIN 1Research School of Biosciences, Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT B. FREEDMAN ROBERT B. FREEDMAN 1Research School of Biosciences, Biological Laboratory, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1995) 23 (1): 69S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst023069s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation STEPHEN H. McLAUGHLIN, ROBERT B. FREEDMAN; Cloning and expression of active domains of human protein disulphide isomerase. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1995; 23 (1): 69S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst023069s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: PDI, protein disulphide isomerase, PCR, polymerase chain reaction, GST, glutathione S-transferase, LB, Luria broth, IPTG, isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (Boehringer), PBS, phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.6, TKM. 50mM Tris-HC1/25mM KC1/5mM MgCl2, Trx, Thioredoxin This content is only available as a PDF. © 1995 Biochemical Society1995 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Towards an expert system for treatment planning (1988)

A course of treatment by radiation therapy is usually planned by computing the dose distribution throughout the target volume for various combinations of beam shapes, locations, angles, and weights. In a break with previous practice, the authors have incorporated into the planning process those parameters that are to be used in the assessment of alternative plans. The therapist is required to define tolerance doses for each organ, and the computer program OSCAR compares the calculated dose distribution with these limits. Regions of noncompliance are displayed as colored 'areas of regret', a parametric representation of the type and degree of discrepancy between the required and the predicted dose distributions. In addition, score functions are used to provide a quantitative measure of the acceptability of the dose distribution within the target and each organ at risk.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the duck's feet collagen sponge for hemostatic applications (2017)

Recently different hemostatic agents have been developed, but most of them are ineffective in severe bleeding and expensive or cause safety concerns. In this study, we fabricated duck's feet collagen-based porous sponges and investigated its use as a hemostatic agent. We determined the sponge's physical and biological characteristics and compared with Avitene via scanning electron microscope analysis, water-uptake abilities and porosity test, and cytotoxicity assay. The duck's feet collagen/silk sponge showed a larger interconnected porous structure compared to others sponges. The duck's feet collagen/silk sponge also exhibited significantly higher porosity than Avitene. Hemostatic properties of the sponges were evaluated by whole blood clotting and rat femoral artery hemorrhage experiment. The addition of silk to duck's feet collagen showed better blood clotting ability than Avitene in vitro. However, rat femoral artery hemorrhage test showed a similar hemostatic property between the duck's feet collagen-based sponges and Avitene. We suggest that duck's feet collagen-based sponge can be effectively used for hemostatic applications.
Convergence and frequency-domain analysis of a discrete first-order model reference adaptive controller (2006)

We study the convergence properties of a direct model reference adaptive control system by applying techniques from numerical analysis. In particular, a first-order discrete system coupled to a minimal control synthesis algorithm discretized by the one-step one-stage zero-order-hold sampling is studied. This results in a strongly non-linear dynamic system owing to the adaptive mechanism where stability at steady state, i.e. at the operating point, equates to successful control. This paper focuses on the convergence analysis of the overall dynamical system for understanding accuracy, stability and performance at steady-state. The local stability of the steady state solution is considered by linearizing the system in the neighbourhood of an operating point when the input is a step function. This analysis allows us to specify two gain space domains which define the region of local stability. Moreover, both the accuracy and the frequency-domain analyses give insight into the range of adaptive control weightings that results in optimal performance of the minimal control synthesis algorithm and also highlights a possible approach to a priori selection of the time step and adaptive weighting values. The effectiveness of the proposed analysis is further demonstrated by simulations and experiments on a first-order plant. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
To Improve Throughput via Multi-pathing and Parallel TCP on Each Path (2009)

Parallel TCP, which opens multiple TCP connections over a single direct path, and Multi-Pathing, which concurrently uses multiple disjointed paths to transfer data, have both been proved to be effective methods to improve end-to-end throughput. How much throughput can we ultimately achieve between a source and a destination if we use multiple overlay paths and open multiple TCP connections on each used path? In order to find all possible overlay paths of good quality between a source and a destination, a path probing process similar to the path discovery protocol of IEEE 802.5 is started by the destination. A probing packet (a TCP connection request followed by padding data) is flooded across an overlay between the destination and the source. Intermediate overlay nodes selectively accept and forward probing packets. If a probing pack is accepted, a corresponding TCP connection is created. Trade-offs then are made between reducing the probing traffic and keeping multiple TCP connections on each path. The source strips data into small packets and adaptively assigns them to selected overlay paths according to the changing quality of each path. This proposed data transfer technology is evaluated within an overlay that consists of 15 servers on the Internet in China, across 3 different autonomous systems. Experiments show that with this technology, 54% of the measured samples yield a throughput larger than 60 Mb/s, which is 60% of the bandwidth that could be possibly obtained(the access bandwidth is 100 Mb/s for all servers). Comparing with direct path and Parallel TCP, only less than 1% and 25% of the measured samples reach the same level of throughput respectively.
Fully differential ADC with rail-to-rail common-mode range and nonlinear capacitor compensation (1990)

One of the sources of nonlinearity in charge redistribution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is capacitor voltage dependence. While it is possible to address this problem through capacitor fabrication technology improvements, situations arise where it is more desirable to use circuit techniques. The conventional fully differential charge redistribution converter topology eliminates errors proportional to the capacitor linear voltage coefficient, but its comparator is subjected to the common-mode input signal. When converting unbalanced differential signals, linearity is achieved only with large comparator common-mode rejection. An alternative differential converter topology that isolates the comparator from the input common-mode signal, resulting in a common-mode rejection ratio of -73 dB, is presented. In addition, a circuit that cancels the error caused by the quadratic capacitor voltage coefficient is described. Measurements show that it is capable of increasing the converter linearity by an order of magnitude.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>