gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power switch system based on Microelectromechanical switch (2011)

A power switching system combining a MEMS (Microelectromechanical systems) switch and an arc suppression circuit has been developed. The system, using a single 3mm × 3mm MEMS switch die coupled with protection electronics, has been demonstrated to switch both resistive loads and inductive loads to a peak power of around 800W. The entire opening and closing operations are completed in a few microseconds, orders of magnitude faster than mechanical relays and nearly as fast as solid state devices. The MEMS switch is an array of microscale cantilevered relays that are electrostatically opened and closed in microseconds. A pulsed diode bridge protection circuitry is used in conjunction with the MEMS switch to open and close the energized contacts without damaging the contacting surface and without generating an arc. This MEMS based power switching system is scaled in both series and parallel to increase the switched voltage and current capability respectively. MEMS switch based power switching has the capability to enable both current limiting and arc free switching, characteristics that can significantly reduce dangerous downstream fault energy for AC and DC protection and distribution applications.
RPCSEC_GSS Protocol Specification (1997)

This memo describes an ONC/RPC security flavor that allows RPC protocols to access the Generic Security Services Application Programming Interface (referred to henceforth as GSS-API).
Effects of Halocarbons on Engine Performance (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of Halocarbons on Engine PerformanceFred G. Rounds and John D. CaplanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 8, 1677–1684Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50536a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50536a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views26Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Skin permeability of water-soluble drugs. (1989)

The permeabilities of several water-soluble drugs through excised hairless rat skin from their aqueous suspensions were investigated by using newly designed two-chamber diffusion cells. Disodium cromoglycate, diclofenac sodium, dopamine hydrochloride, isoproterenol hydrochloride, diltiazem hydrochloride and papaverine hydrochloride were selected as water-soluble drugs. Indomethacin, a lipophilic drug, and deuterium oxide (D2O) were used for comparison. The skin permeability coefficients of these water-soluble drugs were 100--1000 times lower than that of indomethacin. Since these drugs have high solubility in the donor solution (distilled water or lactate buffer), however, the skin permeation rates, which are in general proportional to the product of skin permeability coefficient and solubility of drugs in the drug-donor compartment, were comparable to or higher than that of indomethacin (1.7 micrograms/cm2/h): the skin permeation rate of dopamine hydrochloride (458 micrograms/cm2/h) was about 300 times higher than that of indomethacin. The water-soluble drugs with lower molecular weight and higher solubility in water showed higher skin permeation rates. These results suggest that some water-soluble drugs with low molecular weight and high solubility in water might be good candidates for transdermal drug delivery.
An Investigation of the Impact of Cycle-to-Cycle Variations on the Ionic Current Signal in SI Engines (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The applicability of the Ionic Current sensing method in production application is severely limited by the extent of cycle-to-cycle variations in the signal trace. In an attempt to investigate the sources for these cyclic signal fluctuations, experiments were conducted on a single cylinder 4-stroke, propane-operated engine. The ionic current signal was measured at two locations. The flame development phase in the vicinity of the spark plug gap was optically monitored by means of a high-speed CCD camera.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The results showed that only the second part of the Ionic Current signal is directly impacted by cyclic variations in combustion parameters. The optical results provided evidence that the characteristics of the early flame development phase have a strong impact on the features in the first part of the signal.</div>
أثر التمرينات التصادمية في انجاز رفعة الضغط من الاستلقاء الاولمبية للاعبي المنتخب الوطني لرفع الاثقال ذي الاحتياجات الخاصة (2019)

لغرض رفع عتبة الاثارة الفارقة من خلال استثارة وتحشيد الوحدات الحركية ذات عتبة الاثارة الاعلى،استعمل الباحثون التمرينات الضاربة ذات الشدد العالية لتحقيق اهداف تدريبية مختلفة للاعبي المنتخب الوطني لرفع الاثقال ذي الاحتياجات الخاصة.وجاءت اهم اهداف البحث للتعرف على الاتي:  اثر التمرينات التصادمية في انجاز رفعة الضغط من الاستلقاء (بنج بريس) للاعبي المنتخب الوطني لرفع الاثقال ذي الاحتياجات الخاصة.  واختارالباحث عينة عشوائية للاعبي اندية العراق البالغ عددهم (8) لاعبين يمثلون (50%) لاعبا من مجتمع البحث البالغ (16) لاعبا، المشاركين في بطولة اسيا وفزاع الدولية (2017)،وقام الباحثين باجراء وحدتين تدريبيتين اسبوعيا تمثل بمجملها (12) وحدة تدريبية لمدة (6) اسابيع، بتصميم عينة واحدة ذات الاختبارين القبلي والبعدي. وجاءت اهم الاستنتاجات بالاتي:  اثرت التمرينات التصادمية في القوة القصوى للعضلات الكبيرة االمشتركة برفعة الضغط من الاستلقاء (بنج بريس).  واهم التوصيات بالاتي:  ضرورة استعمال التمرينات التصادمية للعضلات الكبيرة لتحقيق الانجاز برفعة الضغط من الاستلقاء (بنج بريس).
An efficient transistor folding algorithm for row-based CMOS layout design (1997)

In timing-driven layout synthesis, transistor sizes tend to besignificantly different from each other and thus the use of conventionallayout approaches can cause inefficient area utilization.We propose an efficient algorithm to find the optimaltransistor folding sizes in row-based designs.Our algorithmfinds optimal folding sizes given a CMOS circuit with m pairsof pMOS and nMOS transistors in O(m{2} log m) time complexitywith the effective reduction of the solution space.MCNCbenchmark circuits are used to demonstrate the area-efficiencyof the physical layouts with optimal folding sizes.
Procoagulant Platelets Form an α-Granule Protein-covered “Cap” on Their Surface That Promotes Their Attachment to Aggregates (2013)

Strongly activated "coated" platelets are characterized by increased phosphatidylserine (PS) surface expression, α-granule protein retention, and lack of active integrin αIIbβ3. To study how they are incorporated into thrombi despite a lack of free activated integrin, we investigated the structure, function, and formation of the α-granule protein "coat." Confocal microscopy revealed that fibrin(ogen) and thrombospondin colocalized as "cap," a single patch on the PS-positive platelet surface. In aggregates, the cap was located at the point of attachment of the PS-positive platelets. Without fibrin(ogen) retention, their ability to be incorporated in aggregates was drastically reduced. The surface fibrin(ogen) was strongly decreased in the presence of a fibrin polymerization inhibitor GPRP and also in platelets from a patient with dysfibrinogenemia and a fibrinogen polymerization defect. In contrast, a fibrinogen-clotting protease ancistron increased the amount of fibrin(ogen) and thrombospondin on the surface of the PS-positive platelets stimulated with collagen-related peptide. Transglutaminases are also involved in fibrin(ogen) retention. However, platelets from patients with factor XIII deficiency had normal retention, and a pan-transglutaminase inhibitor T101 had only a modest inhibitory effect. Fibrin(ogen) retention was normal in Bernard-Soulier syndrome and kindlin-3 deficiency, but not in Glanzmann thrombasthenia lacking the platelet pool of fibrinogen and αIIbβ3. These data show that the fibrin(ogen)-covered cap, predominantly formed as a result of fibrin polymerization, is a critical mechanism that allows coated (or rather "capped") platelets to become incorporated into thrombi despite their lack of active integrins.
Copolymerization studies of fluorinated epoxides (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCopolymerization studies of fluorinated epoxidesKazimiera J. L. Paciorek, Thomas I. Ito, James H. Nakahara, and Reinhold H. KratzerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1983, 22, 1, 5–8Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300009a002https://doi.org/10.1021/i300009a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
CHAMAELEO DILEPIS—A Study on its Biology and Behaviour (1961)

(1961). CHAMAELEO DILEPIS—A Study on its Biology and Behaviour. Journal of the Herpetological Association of Rhodesia: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 15-20.
Novel Acid Labile COL1 Trityl-Linked Difluoronucleoside Immunoconjugates:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activity<sup>1</sup> (1996)

LY207702 (1) is a difluorinated purine nucleoside that exhibits impressive antitumor activity in preclinical models. This agent, however, also possesses cardiotoxicity which limits the potential clinical utility of this novel drug candidate. We therefore developed linker chemistry whereby regioselective N6-tritylation of LY207702 (1) allowed this drug to be coupled to epsilon-lysine amino groups of mAb's reactive with human tumor-associated antigens. The resulting immunoconjugates 3 possessed conjugation ratios ranging from 5 to 7 mol of LY207702/mol of mAb, minimal aggregate content (5-10%), and good immunoreactivity. The electronic nature of substituents on the aromatic rings of the trityl group dictated the degree of acid lability of the trityl linker. Increased electronic stabilization of the transient trityl carbocation led to increase in the release rate of free drug, i.e., m-DMT 10a = p-DMT 10b > p-MMT 10d > p-T 10f. Consequently, the more acid labile DMT conjugates 3a and 3b proved to be the most potent cytotoxic agents, and the most stable p-T conjugate 3f exhibited the least antitumor activity when evaluated in vitro and in vivo. p-MeT-linked conjugate 3e, the most stable construct that retained excellent in vivo antitumor activity, was selected for more extensive evaluation. No detectable free drug or metabolite was observed in mouse plasma at a single intravenous dose of p-MeT conjugate 3e, which was consistent with its predicted stability under physiological conditions. This construct did, however, exhibit significant antigen-mediated antitumor activity in vivo. No cardiotoxicity was detected in mice dosed with conjugate 3e (6 mg/kg free drug content per day for 21 days) equivalent to approximately 8 times the total dose required for complete regression of well-established (approximately 1 g) HC1 human colon tumor xenografts in nude mice. Cardiotoxicity was induced in 20% of free drug 1 treated group at the equivalent dose. Cardiomyopathy was, however, observed when the dose of conjugate 3e was increased to 8 mg/kg per day for 21 days. These data suggest that antitumor activity of LY207702 (1) was maintained and its cardiotoxic potential reduced when this agent was administered to human tumor xenograft bearing nude mice as COL1-N6-p-MeT-207702 conjugate 3e.
Is Laughter the Best Medicine? Humor, Laughter, and Physical Health (2002)

This article examines research evidence for the popular idea that humor and laughter have beneficial effects on physical health. Potential theoretical mechanisms for such effects are discussed first. Empirical evidence for beneficial effects of humor and laughter on immunity, pain tolerance, blood pressure, longevity, and illness symptoms is then summarized. Overall, the evidence for health benefits of humor and laughter is less conclusive than commonly believed. Future research in this area needs to be more theoretically driven and methodologically rigorous.
The novel elastase inhibitor BAY 85-8501: Bioavailability and Food effect study to evaluate pharmacokinetics of tablet formulations (2014)

Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is a key mediator of tissue remodeling and inflammation. An excess of HNE activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory pulmonary diseases, e.g. bronchiectasis, COPD and pulmonary hypertension. HNE inhibitors could potentially restore the protease/anti-protease balance in these diseases providing a new therapeutic option. BAY 85-8501 is a novel, selective and reversible HNE inhibitor with activity in the picomolar concentration range, which reveals target inhibition in the lung and ameliorates pulmonary inflammation in preclinical models. Relative bioavailability of 0.1 and 0.5 mg BAY 85-8501 immediate release tablets (tbl) and influence of concomitant food intake on 0.5 mg tbl was investigated in a 4-fold crossover study in 12 healthy male subjects. Treatments were single doses of tbl 0.1 and 0.5 and oral liquid 0.5 mg fasted and tbl 0.5 mg with food. All treatments were safe and well tolerated, no changes of clinical safety (BP, HR, ECG) and clinical laboratory parameters occurred. Tablet formulations of 0.5 and 0.1 mg revealed a comparable dose-normalized exposure, however, absorption rate was nearly halved for the tablet. Intake of American breakfast reduced the absorption rate (max. concentration (40 %) reached after 4 h), but not its extent. Terminal half-life after 0.5 mg ranged from 110 to 121 h. Bioavailability in terms of AUC was comparable between solution and tablet. Food intake decreased absorption rate, but not absorption extent. Tablets have favorable PK and are safe for further treatment in clinical studies.
Investing in a post Enron world (2002)

Enron 101 -- Holding the accounting firm accountable -- Capitalism 101 -- Sharing capital growth or not -- The price and value of a share of stock -- How shares are priced -- How Enron got earnings-obsessed -- Stock options : the war between management and shareholders -- Wretched excess -- Aggressive accounting -- Massaging financial reports -- Reading (or ignoring) analysts' recommendations -- The perils of cliffs -- Employees as shareholders -- The last word.
Constrained Iron Catalysts for Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Growth (2005)

The diameter of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) determines the electronic properties of the nanotube. The diameter of carbon nanotubes is dictated by the diameter of the catalyst particle. Here we describe the use of iron nanoparticles synthesized within the Dps protein cage as catalysts for the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes. The discrete iron particles synthesized within the Dps protein cages when used as catalyst particles gives rise to single-walled carbon nanotubes with a limited diameter distribution.
Discrimination among E. coli tRNAs with a long variable arm. (1993)

In E. coli, tRNA(Ser), tRNA(Leu) and tRNA(Tyr) have a long variable arm composed of more than ten nucleotides (class II tRNAs). In order to study how leucyl- and seryl-tRNA synthetase discriminate their cognate tRNA isoacceptors from the other class II tRNAs, kinetic parameters of various mutated class II tRNA transcripts with leucyl- and seryl-tRNA synthetase were determined. Leucyl-tRNA synthetase recognizes A73 and A14 or its vicinity. Seryl-tRNA synthetase recognizes the long variable arm base-nonspecifically. C2-G71 in the acceptor stem functions as a negative identity element against seryl-tRNA synthetase. Difference in the tertiary structure among class II tRNA molecules plays a crucial role in discrimination by these two synthetases.
Linking the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor with Altered DNA Methylation Patterns and Developmentally Induced Aberrant Antiviral CD8+ T Cell Responses (2015)

Successfully fighting infection requires a properly tuned immune system. Recent epidemiological studies link exposure to pollutants that bind the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) during development with poorer immune responses later in life. Yet, how developmental triggering of AHR durably alters immune cell function remains unknown. Using a mouse model, we show that developmental activation of AHR leads to long-lasting reduction in the response of CD8(+) T cells during influenza virus infection, cells critical for resolving primary infection. Combining genome-wide approaches, we demonstrate that developmental activation alters DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in isolated CD8(+) T cells prior to and during infection. Altered transcriptional profiles in CD8(+) T cells from developmentally exposed mice reflect changes in pathways involved in proliferation and immunoregulation, with an overall pattern that bears hallmarks of T cell exhaustion. Developmental exposure also changed DNA methylation across the genome, but differences were most pronounced following infection, where we observed inverse correlation between promoter methylation and gene expression. This points to altered regulation of DNA methylation as one mechanism by which AHR causes durable changes in T cell function. Discovering that distinct gene sets and pathways were differentially changed in developmentally exposed mice prior to and after infection further reveals that the process of CD8(+) T cell activation is rendered fundamentally different by early life AHR signaling. These findings reveal a novel role for AHR in the developing immune system: regulating DNA methylation and gene expression as T cells respond to infection later in life.
The management of end user computing (1983)

End users can be classified into six distinct types. Each of them needs differentiated education, support, and control from the Information Systems function. To support a large number of their applications a new computing environment, “the third environment” must be developed by Information Systems (I/S) management. Close attention must also be paid by I/S management to the need to involve “functional support personnel” (end users in each functional area who spend most of their time programming and aiding other end users) in the I/S end user management process.
A REVIEW OFPOINT CLOUDS SEGMENTATION AND CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHMS (2017)

Abstract. Today 3D models and point clouds are very popular being currently used in several fields, shared through the internet and even accessed on mobile phones. Despite their broad availability, there is still a relevant need of methods, preferably automatic, to provide 3D data with meaningful attributes that characterize and provide significance to the objects represented in 3D. Segmentation is the process of grouping point clouds into multiple homogeneous regions with similar properties whereas classification is the step that labels these regions. The main goal of this paper is to analyse the most popular methodologies and algorithms to segment and classify 3D point clouds. Strong and weak points of the different solutions presented in literature or implemented in commercial software will be listed and shortly explained. For some algorithms, the results of the segmentation and classification is shown using real examples at different scale in the Cultural Heritage field. Finally, open issues and research topics will be discussed.
Modeling induction machines for EMC-Analysis (2004)

EMC-analysis of power electronic systems is strongly supported by network simulations. Simulations at the system level provide not only the prediction of EMI but also deep insight into the EMC relevant effects. To model the system properly, it is necessary to model source and target of EMI and also all parts of the coupling paths. EMI-filters can be designed efficiently using network based modeling approaches. In this paper a model for induction machines' EMC behaviour simulation is parameterized in the frequency range from some kHz up to 100 MHz. The high-frequency characteristics of induction machines with power ratings from 370 W up to 45 kW are compared and a model library is set up for both, frequency and time domain.
Characterization of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone discrimination in female Sprague–Dawley rats (2021)

3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), one of several synthetic cathinones, is a popular constituent of illicit 'bath salts'. In preclinical studies utilizing drug discrimination methods with male rodents, MDPV has been characterized as similar to both cocaine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-hydrochloride (MDMA). Whereas few drug discrimination studies have utilized female rats, the current study evaluated the discriminative stimulus effects of MDPV in 12 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats trained to discriminate 0.5 mg/kg MDPV from saline under a fixed ratio 20 schedule of food reinforcement. Stimulus substitution was assessed with MDPV and its enantiomers, other synthetic cathinones [alpha pyrrolidinopentiophenone-hydrochloride(α-PVP), 4-methylmethcathinone (4-MMC)], other dopamine agonists (cocaine, [+)-methamphetamine] and serotonin agonists [MDMA, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)] Stimulus antagonism was assessed with the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, Sch 23390 and the D2 receptor antagonist, haloperidol. Cocaine and (+)-methamphetamine engendered full stimulus generalization to MDPV with minimal effects on response rate. LSD produced partial substitution, whereas MDMA and 4-MMC produced complete substitution, and all these serotonergic compounds produced dose-dependent response suppression. (S)-MDPV and α-PVP engendered full substitution with similar potency to the racemate, while (R)-MDPV failed to substitute up to 5 mg/kg. Both Sch 23390 and haloperidol attenuated the discrimination of low MDPV doses and essentially shifted the dose-response curve to the right but failed to block discrimination of the training dose. These findings are generally consistent with previous reports based exclusively on male rodents. Moreover, they confirm the contribution of dopaminergic mechanisms but do not rule out the possible contribution of other neurotransmitter actions to the interoceptive stimulus effects of MDPV.