gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shigella flexneri enters human colonic Caco-2 epithelial cells through the basolateral pole (1992)

The commonly accepted view that enteroinvasive bacteria enter cells of the intestinal epithelial lining through the apical surface can be challenged in the case of shigellosis. This study is based on in vitro experiments that showed that the invasion of human colonic Caco-2 cells by Shigella flexneri occurred through the basolateral pole of these cells. In these experiments, the few bacteria that interacted with the apical surface either bound to microvilli of the cell dome without causing detectable alteration or bound at the level of intercellular junctions at which they demonstrated a limited capacity for paracellular invasion, which permitted subsequent entry through the lateral domain of the cells. Treatment of Caco-2 cell monolayers with ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), which disrupts intercellular junctions, greatly enhanced the rate of cell infection. These observations suggest a physiopathological paradox that may have important consequences for the understanding of the process of colonic invasion in vivo during shigellosis.
Neuromarketing: Identifying and Satisfying Consumers’ Latent Wants-A Review (2016)

Possessing the state of the art technology, superior products, excellent service and best marketing do not assure companies that the prospects will always buy their products. Recent years have witnessed advances in Neuromarketing to a great extent that application of neuroscience in marketing termed as Neuromarketing emerged as novel academic and commercial disciplines.
System Comparison of Smart and Dumb Antennas (2005)

Different approaches have been proposed to utilize multiple antennas at both transmitters and receivers of wireless systems. Herein, we provide a system comparison between covariance feedback schemes where a large amount of information is fed back at a low rate and opportunistic beamforming schemes where a small amount of information is fed back at a high rate.
Ribosomal −1 Frameshifting during Decoding of<i>Bacillus subtilis cdd</i>Occurs at the Sequence CGA AAG (1999)

During translation of the Bacillus subtilis cdd gene, encoding cytidine deaminase (CDA), a ribosomal -1 frameshift occurs near the stop codon, resulting in a CDA subunit extended by 13 amino acids. The frequency of the frameshift is approximately 16%, and it occurs both when the cdd gene is expressed from a multicopy plasmid in Escherichia coli and when it is expressed from the chromosomal copy in B. subtilis. As a result, heterotetrameric forms of the enzyme are formed in vivo along with the dominant homotetrameric species. The different forms have approximately the same specific activity. The cdd gene was cloned in pUC19 such that the lacZ' gene of the vector followed the cdd gene in the -1 reading frame immediately after the cdd stop codon. By using site-directed mutagenesis of the cdd-lacZ' fusion, it was shown that frameshifting occurred at the sequence CGA AAG, 9 bp upstream of the in-frame cdd stop codon, and that it was stimulated by a Shine-Dalgarno-like sequence located 14 bp upstream of the shift site. The possible function of this frameshift in gene expression is discussed.
Nebivolol Induces Endothelium Dependent Relaxatíons of Canine Coronary Arteries (1991)

Nebivolol is a new beta 1-antagonist that acutely reduces arterial blood pressure without depressing cardiac function. The present study was designed to determine the effect of nebivolol on coronary arteries. Rings of canine left anterior descending coronary (LAD) artery with or without endothelium were suspended in organ chambers and the isometric tension was recorded. In some experiments, the transmembrane potential of the smooth muscle cells was recorded by electrophysiological methods. During contractions to prostaglandin F2 alpha, nebivolol induced concentration-dependent relaxations of the coronary arteries. The enantiomer, l-nebivolol, also induced comparable relaxations; however, d-nebivolol induced smaller relaxations. The relaxations induced by nebivolol and its enantiomer were significantly larger in tissues with than in those without endothelium. The differences between tissues with and without endothelium were abolished by nitro-L-arginine (3 x 10(-5) M) or methylene blue (10(-5) M). The nebivolol-induced relaxations were not affected by indomethacin (10(-5) M), phentolamine (5 x 10(-6) M), propranolol (5 x 10(-6) M), or methysergide (3 x 10(-6) M). Nebivolol at a subthreshold concentration for inducing relaxation (3 x 10(-7) M) did not significantly affect endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine but potentiated ADP-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations. The potentiation is stereoselective for l-nebivolol. Nebivolol induced a small hyperpolarization of the coronary smooth muscle with endothelium (1 mV).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Network Neighbors of Drug Targets Contribute to Drug Side-Effect Similarity (2011)

In pharmacology, it is essential to identify the molecular mechanisms of drug action in order to understand adverse side effects. These adverse side effects have been used to infer whether two drugs share a target protein. However, side-effect similarity of drugs could also be caused by their target proteins being close in a molecular network, which as such could cause similar downstream effects. In this study, we investigated the proportion of side-effect similarities that is due to targets that are close in the network compared to shared drug targets. We found that only a minor fraction of side-effect similarities (5.8 %) are caused by drugs targeting proteins close in the network, compared to side-effect similarities caused by overlapping drug targets (64%). Moreover, these targets that cause similar side effects are more often in a linear part of the network, having two or less interactions, than drug targets in general. Based on the examples, we gained novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of side effects associated with several drug targets. Looking forward, such analyses will be extremely useful in the process of drug development to better understand adverse side effects.
FDTD characterization of radiation patterns from flexible microstrip applicators (2002)

The FDTD numerical method has been used to calculate the radiation patterns from 915 MHz dual concentric conductor (DCC) applicators which were designed for use in superficial hyperthermia applications. Results are given for radiation from single 2 cm square apertures considering several different electromagnetic feed and tissue coupling configurations, and from multiple element arrays of six adjacent apertures. Radiated electric field distributions are expressed as specific absorption rate (SAR) patterns in a lossy muscle tissue load. The power deposition patterns are illustrated in planes 1 cm deep in tissue (e.g. just under the superficial tumor target) and in a vertical cross section plane cutting through the applicator and layered tissue load. The results demonstrate that when coupled with a 5 mm thick water bolus layer, the thin, flexible and lightweight planar DCC antennas produce effective heating out to the periphery of each aperture to a depth of approximately 1 cm in realistic tissue loads, and may be combined into arrays for relatively uniform heating of larger surface areas with >50% of maximum power deposition extending out to the perimeter of the array.
Formation of Perovskite Surface Layers by Oxidation of Cu‐La‐Sr Alloys (1987)

The recent discovery that perovskite-type crystal structures composed of La-Cu oxides substituted with small amounts of alkaline earth cations have exceptionally high superconducting critical temperatures has stimulated much interest in these potentially important materials. The most promising material reported thus far in the literature is La/sub 2-x/Sr/sub x/CuO/sub 4/. The substitution of an alkaline earth for La appears to stabilize a tetragonal structure as apposed to the orthorhombic structure of the parent compound, La/sub 2/CuO/sub 4/. In the work reported to date, the materials were prepared either by sintering mechanical mixtures of the oxides or carbonates or by co-precipitating the oxalates or carbonates with subsequent calcining and sintering steps.
Capture model for mobile radio slotted ALOHA systems (1998)

It is well known that the capture effect can considerably improve system throughput of mobile radio slotted ALOHA networks. Most of the capture models described in the literature are based on the signal-to-interference power ratios, with the assumption that the captured packet is error-free. In the paper, a capture model is proposed for slotted ALOHA systems employing symbol erasures and error-and-erasure correcting codes. In contrast to previous models, the model uses a target bit error rate as the capture measure, which in turn is controlled by a symbol-erasure threshold. Performance of the proposed model is analysed taking into account modulation and coding techniques, the signal-to-noise ratio, the user spatial distribution as well as Rayleigh channel fading.
Study of SiC Epitaxial Growth Using Tetrafluorosilane and Dichlorosilane in Vertical Hotwall CVD Furnace (2015)

This paper presents one of the first comparative studies of distinctive results obtained using halogenated silicon precursors, dichlorosilane (SiH 2 Cl 2 , DCS) and tetrafluorosilane (SiF 4 , TFS) for SiC homo epitaxial growth. Both TFS and DCS possess very distinct properties that show specific influence on SiC growth. SiC epitaxial growth using TFS greatly suppresses parasitic deposition in the gas delivery system. Growth using TFS shows carbon mediated growth regime, and exhibits controlled doping concentration of the epilayer by an order of magnitude lower than that in the growth using DCS at the same C/Si ratio. Studies of epilayer surface morphology show that the epilayers from TFS growth have a specular surface in a wide C/Si range whereas in the growth using DCS, the epilayer surface roughness is strongly dependent on the C/Si ratio.
Organic Reactions. Volume 10. (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Reactions. Volume 10.Ralph L. ShrinerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 17, 4757Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01502a091https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01502a091research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATIVES OF 4,5,6,7‐TETRAHYDRO‐7,8,8‐TRIMETHYL‐3‐PHENYLAMINO‐4,7‐METHANO‐2H‐INDAZOLE WITH HYPOGLYCEMIC AND HYPOTENSIVE ACTIVITIES (1983)

By reaction of camphor enamine (I) with phenyl isothiocyanate, the N-phenyl thiocarboxamide (II) was obtained in excellent yield, and in turn gave 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-7,8,8-trimethyl-3-phenylamino-4,7-methano-2H-indazole (III) in very good yield by reaction with hydrazine hydrate. A series of N-substituted ureas (IV) were synthesized in satisfactory yield by reaction of (III) with alkyl and aryl isocyanates. Ureas (IV) showed in general hypoglycemic and in some cases hypotensive activity in rats, whereas only hypotensive activity was present in the thiocarboxamide (II). Effects on heart rate, antiinflammatory and antipyretic activities in rats, infiltration anesthesia and antiarrhythmic activity in mice, as well as antiacetylcholine activity in vitro, are also reported.
Molecular analysis of IgM rheumatoid factor binding to chimeric IgG (1991)

To localize regions on IgG bound by rheumatoid factors (RF), we studied IgM RF binding to chimeric IgG antibodies consisting of murine V regions fused to human constant regions. Using a modified RF ELISA, we showed that polyclonal RF from rheumatoid arthritis patients bound IgG1, 2, and 4 strongly; IgG3 was also bound, although less well. The majority of 18 monoclonal RF from patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia bound IgG1, 2, and 4 only. In contrast to RF from RA, 14 of 18 monoclonal RF did not react with IgG3. Only 3 of 18 monoclonal RF bound IgG3 well. By shuffling C region domains between IgG3 and IgG4, we showed that sequence variation in the CH3 domain is responsible for the differential binding of monoclonal RF to IgG3 and IgG4. Hybrid IgG3/IgG4 antibodies containing the CH3 domain of IgG4 were bound by monoclonal RF, whereas those containing the CH3 domain of IgG3 were not. To evaluate the contribution of the N-linked carbohydrate moiety at Asn-297 to RF binding sites on IgG, we measured RF binding to aglycosylated IgG antibodies produced by mutating Asn-297 to another amino acid. Glycosylated and aglycosylated IgG1, 2, and 4 were bound identically by monoclonal and polyclonal RF. Aglycosylated IgG3, however, was bound better than glycosylated IgG3 by polyclonal RF and by IgG3-reactive monoclonal RF.
Nonenzymatic browning of proteins and the sorbitol pathway. (1989)

As a result of the operation of the sorbitol pathway fructose levels increase in various tissues in diabetes. In vitro glycation of protein by fructose (fructation) leads to protein bound fluorescence generation at a rate ten times that resulting from glycation by glucose (glucation), possibly by a faster conversion of Amadori groups to fluorophores. Therefore, tissue protein fluorescence might, in part, result from fructation. Evidence is presented for the occurrence of in vivo fructation of skin collagen and soluble lens proteins in diabetic rats. Fructation-induced protein functional alterations might underlie complications of diabetes in tissues where the sorbitol pathway is active.
Prenatal detection and outcome of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a French registry‐based study (2006)

Over an 18-year period, this large population-based study demonstrated increasing prenatal detection rates for associated CDH and left-sided CDH and confirmed an increasing survival rate mainly for isolated CDH.
High Density Packaged 4-Channel Transceiver for Metro and Access Applications (2005)

A high, density packaged 4-channel optical transceiver using a 1310 nm FP-LD array and a PD array has been newly developed for OC-3, OC-12, Gig-E and fiber channel intermediate reach applications. The output optical power of each of the four LDs is independently controlled by automatic power control (APC). Both module package size and power consumption can be reduced by less than half when compared to the use of four conventional single-channel small form factor pluggable (SFP) modules
Preliminary Electrophysiological Characterization of Functionally Vestigial Muscles of the Head: Potential for Command Signaling (1999)

In devastating neurological disorders, such as quadriplegia resulting from high-level spinal cord injury, it is essential to focus on functions that have been spared and optimally exploit them to enhance the individual's quality of life. It follows that certain muscles, which prior to the paralysis of much of the rest of the body seemed to have no useful function, might be used to provide unique signals to control assistive devices. This report presents preliminary electrophysiological data demonstrating potentially useful myoelectrical signals from 3 functionally vestigial muscles in humans; the posterior, anterior, and superior auricular muscles. In phylogenetically lower species, these muscles serve to position the ear to enhance hearing. The auricular muscles receive their major innervation from cranial nerve VII and should not be compromised by even high-level spinal cord lesions. In this study, it was found that the muscles could be voluntarily activated and, by standard surface-electrode recording, had potentials ranging to 680 microV in amplitude. Posterior auricular muscle potentials were used to command a paddle in a computer ping-pong task that employed a CyberLink interface. The t values for accuracy scores and ball hits were both significant at the p = .0001 level. These facts indicate that the auricular muscles may be useful for controlling assistive devices.
Safety of the insulin tolerance test (2002)

Concerns have been raised about the hazards of the insulin tolerance test (ITT), used to measure growth hormone secretion. In Glasgow, we continue to use this test, adhering to a strict protocol. A review of outcome over a 10 year period (1989-99), during which 550 ITTs were performed, was undertaken. No serious adverse events occurred; in particular, no child fitted or required intravenous glucose. Fewer tests were done during the latter five years, with a higher yield of growth hormone (GH) deficiency, reflecting our increasingly conservative approach to paediatric GH therapy during this period. We conclude that the ITT is safe and reliable in a paediatric setting provided that a strict procedure is followed.
Metabolic disturbances connecting obesity and depression (2013)

Obesity markedly increases the odds of developing depression. Depressed mood not only impairs motivation, quality of life and overall functioning but also increases the risks of obesity complications. Abdominal obesity is a better predictor of depression and anxiety risk than overall adipose mass. A growing amount of research suggests that metabolic abnormalities stemming from central obesity that lead to metabolic disease may also be responsible for the increased incidence of depression in obesity. As reviewed here, a higher mass of dysfunctional adipose tissue is associated with several metabolic disturbances that are either directly or indirectly implicated in the control of emotions and mood. To better comprehend the development of depression in obesity, this review pulls together select findings addressing the link between adiposity, diet and negative emotional states and discusses the evidence that alterations in glucocorticoids, adipose-derived hormones, insulin and inflammatory signaling that are characteristic of central obesity may be involved.
Sugars modulate an unusual mode of control of the cell-wall invertase gene ( <i>Incw</i> 1) through its 3′ untranslated region in a cell suspension culture of maize (1999)

We show here that a cell-wall invertase encoded by the Incw1 gene is regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels by sugars in a heterotrophic cell suspension culture of maize. The Incw1 gene encoded two transcripts: Incw1-S (small) and Incw1-L (large); the size variation was attributable to different lengths in the 3' untranslated region. Both metabolizable and nonmetabolizable sugars induced Incw1-L RNA apparently by default. However, only the metabolizable sugars, sucrose and D-glucose, were associated with the increased steady-state abundance of Incw1-S RNA, the concomitant increased levels of INCW1 protein and enzyme activity, and the downstream metabolic repression of the sucrose synthase gene, Sh1. Conversely, nonmetabolizable sugars, including the two glucose analogs 3-O-methylglucose and 2-deoxyglucose, induced greater steady-state levels of the Incw1-L RNA, but this increase did not lead to either an increase in the levels of the INCW1 protein/enzyme activity or the repression of the Sh1 gene. We conclude that sugar sensing and the induction of the Incw1 gene is independent of the hexokinase pathway. More importantly, our results also suggest that the 3' untranslated region of the Incw1 gene acts as a regulatory sensor of carbon starvation and may constitute a link between sink metabolism and cellular translation in plants.
Laparoscopic Resection for Colorectal Cancer: A European Perspective (1995)

The increasing use of laparoscopic techniques in colorectal surgery is controversial. The technical feasibility of such methods is now beyond doubt; however, their clinical evaluation is at an early stage. The expectation that the laparoscopic approach would confer benefit to patients in terms of reduced postoperative pain and other morbidity has been questioned. The safety of these methods in neoplasia is unproven. This article presents those laparoscopic resectional techniques available to the colorectal surgeon. The authors' personal experience with these procedures is reviewed and those issues of controversy are discussed, with particular reference to the question of the suitability of these techniques for the treatment of malignancy.
Redistribution of La-Al nearest-neighbor distances in the metallic glass<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.91</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.09</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1996)

X-ray-absorption fine-structure (XAFS) measurements of metallic glass ${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.91}$${\mathrm{La}}_{0.09}$ and a crystalline phase ${\mathrm{Al}}_{11}$${\mathrm{La}}_{3}$ formed by annealing of the glass were made at the La ${\mathit{L}}_{3}$ edge and analyzed by the splice method. The first-neighbor partial radial distribution functions about the La atoms for the crystal and glass were obtained at T=12 K demonstrating the difference between their local structures. The shortest La-Al distance (mean value 3.09\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 \AA{}) within the glass was distinctively smaller than within the crystal ${\mathrm{Al}}_{11}$${\mathrm{La}}_{3}$ (3.21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05 \AA{}). This partial shortening of the La-Al bonds decreases the size mismatch between the La and Al atoms making the glass formation more favorable with anomalously low content of La during the quench. Monte Carlo simulations were performed for the Al-La glass and agreement with the XAFS result was obtained. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.