gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer Intensification Using Nanofluids (2007)

This paper summarises some of our recent work on the heat transfer of nanofluids (dilute liquid suspensions of nanoparticles). It covers heat conduction, convective heat transfer under both natural and forced flow conditions, and boiling heat transfer in the nucleate regime. The results show that, despite considerable data scattering, the presence of nanoparticles enhances thermal conduction under macroscopically static conditions mainly due to nanoparticle structuring/networking. The natural convective heat transfer coefficient is observed to decrease systematically with increasing nanoparticle concentration, and the deterioration is partially attributed to the high viscosity of nanofluids. However, either enhancement or deterioration of convective heat transfer is observed under the forced flow conditions and particle migration is suggested to be an important mechanism. The results also show that the boiling heat transfer is enhanced in the nucleate regime for both alumina and titania nanofluids, and the enhancement is more sensitive to the concentration change for TiO2 nanofluids. It is concluded that there is still some way to go before we can tailor-make nanofluids for any targeted applications.
Recognition of “Mirror‐Image” DNA by Small Molecules (2007)

May the force be with you: “Mirror-image” hairpin polyamides distinguish the L enantiomer of DNA (L-DNA) in the presence of natural DNA (D-DNA). This specificity is investigated by a molecular force balance at a single-molecule level. The “DNA balance” allows the measurement of rupture forces of match/mismatch diastereomeric complexes in a single experiment.
Effect of incorporation of cidofovir into DNA by human cytomegalovirus DNA polymerase on DNA elongation (1997)

Cidofovir (CDV) (HPMPC) has potent in vitro and in vivo activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), CDV diphosphate (CDVpp), the putative antiviral metabolite of CDV, is an inhibitor and an alternate substrate of HCMV DNA polymerase. CDV is incorporated with the correct complementation to dGMP in the template, and the incorporated CDV at the primer end is not excised by the 3'-to-5' exonuclease activity of HCMV DNA polymerase. The incorporation of a CDV molecule causes a decrease in the rate of DNA elongation for the addition of the second natural nucleotide from the singly incorporated CDV molecule. The reduction in the rate of DNA (36-mer) synthesis from an 18-mer by one incorporated CDV is 31% that of the control. However, the fidelity of HCMV DNA polymerase is maintained for the addition of the nucleotides following a single incorporated CDV molecule. The rate of DNA synthesis by HCMV DNA polymerase is drastically decreased after the incorporation of two consecutive CDV molecules; the incorporation of a third consecutive CDV molecule is not detectable. Incorporation of two CDV molecules separated by either one or two deoxynucleoside monophosphates (dAMP, dGMP, or dTMP) also drastically decreases the rate of DNA chain elongation by HCMV DNA polymerase. The rate of DNA synthesis decreases by 90% when a template which contains one internally incorporated CDV molecule is used. The inhibition by CDVpp of DNA synthesis by HCMV DNA polymerase and the inability of HCMV DNA polymerase to excise incorporated CDV from DNA may account for the potent and long-lasting anti-CMV activity of CDV.
Chiral molecular recognition in small bimolecular systems: a spectroscopic investigation into the nature of diastereomeric complexes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChiral molecular recognition in small bimolecular systems: a spectroscopic investigation into the nature of diastereomeric complexesWilliam H. Pirkle and Thomas C. PochapskyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 20, 5975–5982Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00254a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00254a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views621Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of N-halogeno-N-sodioalkanesulphonamides (1970)

Contrary to earlier reports, aliphatic sulphonamides react readily with aqueous sodium hypochlorite and sodium hypobromite to give the corresponding N-halogeno-N-sodio-derivatives, which have been characterised by conversion into the crystalline SS-dimethylsulphimides.
Cytogenetic abnormalities in essential thrombocythemia: prevalence and prognostic significance (2009)

Cytogenetic anomalies at diagnosis are relatively uncommon in ET, and do not predict evolution into more aggressive myeloid disorders, or inferior survival.
Accelerating Event Detection with DGCNN and FPGAs (2020)

Recently, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been widely used in natural language processing. However, DNNs are often computation-intensive and memory-expensive. Therefore, deploying DNNs in the real world is very difficult. In order to solve this problem, we proposed a network model based on the dilate gated convolutional neural network, which is very hardware-friendly. We further expanded the word representations and depth of the network to improve the performance of the model. We replaced the Sigmoid function to make it more friendly for hardware computation without loss, and we quantized the network weights and activations to compress the network size. We then proposed the first FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array)-based event detection accelerator based on the proposed model. The accelerator significantly reduced the latency with the fully pipelined architecture. We implemented the accelerator on the Xilinx XCKU115 FPGA. The experimental results show that our model obtains the highest F1-score of 84.6% in the ACE 2005 corpus. Meanwhile, the accelerator achieved 95.2 giga operations (GOP)/s and 13.4 GOPS/W in performance and energy efficiency, which is 17/158 times higher than the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU).
Transmit Signal Design for Optimal Estimation of Correlated MIMO Channels (2004)

We address optimal estimation of correlated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels using pilot signals, assuming knowledge of the second-order channel statistics at the transmitter. Assuming a block fading channel model and minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation at the receiver, we design the transmitted signal to optimize two criteria: MMSE and the conditional mutual information between the MIMO channel and the received signal. Our analysis is based on the recently proposed virtual channel representation, which corresponds to beamforming in fixed virtual directions and exposes the structure and the true degrees of freedom in the correlated channel. However, our design framework is applicable to more general channel models, which include known channel models, such as the transmit and receive correlated model, as special cases. We show that optimal signaling is in a block form, where the block length depends on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as well as the channel correlation matrix. The block signal corresponds to transmitting beams in successive symbol intervals along fixed virtual transmit angles, whose powers are determined by (nonidentical) water filling solutions based on the optimization criteria. Our analysis shows that these water filling solutions identify exactly which virtual transmit angles are important for channel estimation. In particular, at low SNR, the block length reduces to one, and all the power is transmitted on the beam corresponding to the strongest transmit angle, whereas at high SNR, the block length has a maximum length equal to the number of active virtual transmit angles, and the power is assigned equally to all active transmit angles. Consequently, from a channel estimation viewpoint, a faster fading rate can be tolerated at low SNRs relative to higher SNRs.
Block Copolymer-Based Hot-Melt Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives (2008)

Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) based on block copolymers have comprised an area of fast growth. Acrylic block copolymers expand the block copolymer technology to a wide range of PSA applications. The emergence of block copolymers greatly stimulated the growth of the hot-melt PSAs (HMPSAs) business. The styrenic block copolymers-based HMPSAs are covered next, with detailed discussion on formulation principles, rheological and tensile properties, and the functions of the major ingredients. The broad range of polymer grades provides versatility for the formulators to design HMPSAs for very diverse performance requirements. The architecture of the polymer chains, whether they have a linear, radial, or tapered structure, also impacts the physical properties and performance of the formulated Styrenic Hot-Melt. A simple way to test compatibility is to dissolve an equal amount of tackifier and polymer in a solvent such as toluene and then cast a film to check the clarity of the blend.
Big Bird: Transformers for Longer Sequences (2020)

Transformers-based models, such as BERT, have been one of the most successful deep learning models for NLP. Unfortunately, one of their core limitations is the quadratic dependency (mainly in terms of memory) on the sequence length due to their full attention mechanism. To remedy this, we propose, BigBird, a sparse attention mechanism that reduces this quadratic dependency to linear. We show that BigBird is a universal approximator of sequence functions and is Turing complete, thereby preserving these properties of the quadratic, full attention model. Along the way, our theoretical analysis reveals some of the benefits of having $O(1)$ global tokens (such as CLS), that attend to the entire sequence as part of the sparse attention mechanism. The proposed sparse attention can handle sequences of length up to 8x of what was previously possible using similar hardware. As a consequence of the capability to handle longer context, BigBird drastically improves performance on various NLP tasks such as question answering and summarization. We also propose novel applications to genomics data.
Task scheduling in distributed computing systems with a genetic algorithm (2002)

Scheduling a directed acyclic graph (DAG) which represents the precedence relations of the tasks of a parallel program in a distributed computing system (DCS) is known as an NP-complete problem except for some special cases. Many heuristic-based methods have been proposed under various models and assumptions. A DCS can be classified in two types according to the characteristics of the processors on a network: a distributed homogeneous system (DHOS) and a distributed heterogeneous system (DHES). The paper defines a general model for a DHOS and a DHES and presents a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the task scheduling problem in the defined DCS. The performance of the proposed GA is compared with the list scheduling algorithm in a DHOS and with the one-level reach-out greedy algorithm (OLROG) in a DHES. The proposed GA has shown better performance in various environments than other scheduling methods.
Positioning of Firms on an E-Business Value Chain: the Case of Video on Demand (2004)

The provision of e–business services is supported by the implementation of value chains based on co-operation between firms combining different resources and capabilities in order to design, produce and market new products and services. The emergence of such value chains is characterised by the positioning of various players according to their specific resources and capabilities, whether they be existing or new firms. Our interest, by combining insights from the Resource-Based View and other perspectives, is to analyse according to what resources are necessary for actors to be able to successfully position themselves on a value chain, with a particular focus on relational assets, in the specific Video On Demand sector (VOD). This case is particularly relevant to show the structuring of a new value chain around new and “traditional” stakeholders. We shall first define the specific features of the movie industry. Secondly, we shall then present on the VOD value chain. Then we analyse how a company (called Moviesystem) has positioned itself on VOD value chain thanks to its specific resources and capabilities. We shall conclude by drawing general lessons from this case.
Cancer immunotherapy: present status, future perspective, and a new paradigm of peptide immunotherapeutics. (2013)

A promising new era of cancer therapeutics with agents that inhibit specific growth stimulatory pathways is finding a new niche in our armamentarium in the war against cancer. Targeted cancer therapeutics, including humanized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), are amongst the major treatment options for cancer today together with cytotoxic chemotherapies. Targeted therapies are more selective for cancer cells and improve the quality of life for cancer patients undergoing treatment. Many of these drugs have been approved by the FDA, and several more are being studied in clinical trials. Although development of targeted therapeutics has improved cancer treatment significantly, the harsh reality is that the "War on Cancer" still exists. Major challenges still exist with the currently marketed inhibitors, including limitations associated with mAbs and TKIs drug types, acquired mechanisms of drug resistance that cause patient relapse, and tumor heterogeneity. Today, there is an urgent need for the development of novel anti-tumor agents that are cheaper, stable, can selectively target cancer dependent pathways without affecting normal cells, and most importantly, avoid development of resistance mechanisms. Peptide mimics have the potential benefits of being highly selective, stable, cheap, and non-toxic. The focus of this review is to discuss the disadvantages associated with the use of monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A special emphasis will be placed on efforts taken in our laboratory to 1) design peptide vaccines and therapeutics that target cancer dependent pathways and 2) use a combination approach that will shut down alternative mechanisms that lead to resistance.
Storming Little Round Top: The 15th Alabama and Their Fight for the High Ground, July 2, 1863 (2003)

Book follows regiment's struggle at GettysburgAt approximately 4 a.m. on July 2, 1863, Colonel William C. Oates prepared his regiment, the 15th Alabama, for a 25 mile march to Gettysburg, a small Pennsylvania crossroads town where General Robert E
Fluorescence line-narrowing spectrometry of polycyclic compounds on filter paper substrates (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorescence line-narrowing spectrometry of polycyclic compounds on filter paper substratesTuan. Vo-Dinh, Georg W. Suter, Alan J. Kallir, and Urs P. WildCite this: Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 14, 3135–3139Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00127a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00127a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Rapid Labeling of Metabolically Engineered Cell-Surface Glycoconjugates with a Carbamate-Linked Cyclopropene Reporter (2013)

Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering is a valuable tool to monitor cellular carbohydrates. Here, we report the synthesis of a novel N-acyl-mannosamine derivative bearing a methylcyclopropene tag that is attached to the sugar via a carbamate moiety. This derivative undergoes rapid Diels–Alder reaction with inverse electron demand. We demonstrate that the cell’s biosynthetic machinery incorporates this non-natural mannosamine derivative into glycoconjugates that can, subsequently, be labeled within less than 10 min with a new sulfo-Cy3–tetrazine conjugate. Using this tetrazine-dye conjugate for the detection of the methylcyclopropene-tagged mannosamine derivative, we could achieve dual labeling of two different metabolically incorporated sugars combining a Diels–Alder reaction with inverse electron demand and a strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition which are carried out simultaneously in a single step.
AC electrified jets in a flow-focusing device: Jet length scaling (2016)

We use a microfluidic flow-focusing device with integrated electrodes for controlling the production of water-in-oil drops. In a previous work, we reported that very long jets can be formed upon application of AC fields. We now study in detail the appearance of the long jets as a function of the electrical parameters, i.e., water conductivity, signal frequency, and voltage amplitude. For intermediate frequencies, we find a threshold voltage above which the jet length rapidly increases. Interestingly, this abrupt transition vanishes for high frequencies of the signal and the jet length grows smoothly with voltage. For frequencies below a threshold value, we previously reported a transition from a well-behaved uniform jet to highly unstable liquid structures in which axisymmetry is lost rather abruptly. These liquid filaments eventually break into droplets of different sizes. In this work, we characterize this transition with a diagram as a function of voltage and liquid conductivity. The electrical response of the long jets was studied via a distributed element circuit model. The model allows us to estimate the electric potential at the tip of the jet revealing that, for any combination of the electrical parameters, the breakup of the jet occurs at a critical value of this potential. We show that this voltage is around 550 V for our device geometry and choice of flow rates.
Intellectual property protection in the EDA industry (1994)

Article Free Access Share on Intellectual property protection in the EDA industry Author: Dennis S. Fernandez Fenwick & West, Two Palo Alto Square, Palo Alto, CA Fenwick & West, Two Palo Alto Square, Palo Alto, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '94: Proceedings of the 31st annual Design Automation ConferenceJune 1994 Pages 161–163https://doi.org/10.1145/196244.196320Online:06 June 1994Publication History 7citation251DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations7Total Downloads251Last 12 Months11Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
MEF2D Deficiency in Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Triggers Cell Cycle Re-entry and Programmed Cell Death in Vitro (2015)

The cardiomyocyte cell cycle is a poorly understood process. Mammalian cardiomyocytes permanently withdraw from the cell cycle shortly after birth but can re-enter the cell cycle and proliferate when subjected to injury within a brief temporal window in the neonatal period. Thus, investigating the mechanisms of cell cycle regulation in neonatal cardiomyocytes may provide critical insight into the molecular events that prevent adult myocytes from proliferating in response to injury or stress. MEF2D is a key transcriptional mediator of pathological remodeling in the adult heart downstream of various stress-promoting insults. However, the specific gene programs regulated by MEF2D in cardiomyocytes are unknown. By performing genome-wide transcriptome analysis using MEF2D-depleted neonatal cardiomyocytes, we found a significant impairment in the cell cycle, characterized by the up-regulation of numerous positive cell cycle regulators. Expression of Pten, the primary negative regulator of PI3K/Akt, was significantly reduced in MEF2D-deficient cardiomyocytes and found to be a direct target gene of MEF2D. Consistent with these findings mutant cardiomyocytes showed activation of the PI3K/Akt survival pathway. Paradoxically, prolonged deficiency of MEF2D in neonatal cardiomyocytes did not trigger proliferation but instead resulted in programmed cell death, which is likely mediated by the E2F transcription factor. These results demonstrate a critical role for MEF2D in cell cycle regulation of post-mitotic, neonatal cardiomyocytes in vitro.
Survey of State Funding for Public Transportation 2005 (2008)

This report is the 25th compilation of information on State funding of public transportation. The transportation departments in all 50 States and the District of Columbia responded to the survey, which was distributed and compiled by the U.S. Department of Transportation's Bureau of Transportation Statistics. States provided $9.5 billion in funding for transit in Fiscal Year 2005 (FY 2005). This compares with about $7.3 billion in funding provided by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) of the U.S. Department of Transportation that same year. The $9.5 billion in state funding for FY 2005 is more than double the $3.7 billion provided by the states in FY 1990.
Towards a Routine Test for the Assessment of the Critical Tractive Forces of Cohesive Soils (1976)

ABSTRACT * N attempt to calibrate a sub-A merged water jet apparatus against critical tractive forces visually assessed in a flume is described. Although not completely successful the work indicated that the water jet might be suitable for routine laboratory measurement of critical tractive force, and suggestions are made for the improvement of the calibration. It is pointed out that the gradient of the erosion rate vs. shear stress curve may be important in channel design, as well as the critical tractive force. The conclusion is drawn that accelerated laboratory tests cannot be used to assess critical tractive forces.