gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Lipid and Lipoprotein Metabolism by PPAR Activators (2000)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. PPARalpha, the first identified PPAR family member, is principally expressed in tissues exhibiting high rates of beta-oxidation such as liver, kidney, heart and muscle. PPARgamma, on the other hand, is expressed at high levels in adipose tissue. PPARs are activated by dietary fatty acids and eicosanoids, as well as by pharmacological drugs, such as fibrates for PPARalpha and glitazones for PPARgamma. PPARalpha mediates the hypolipidemic action of fibrates in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and hypoalphalipoproteinemia. PPARalpha is considered a major regulator of intra- and extracellular lipid metabolism. Upon fibrate activation, PPARalpha down-regulates hepatic apolipoprotein C-III and increases lipoprotein lipase gene expression, key players in triglyceride metabolism. In addition, PPARalpha activation increases plasma HDL cholesterol via the induction of hepatic apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-II expression in humans. Glitazones exert a hypotriglyceridemic action via PPARgamma-mediated induction of lipoprotein lipase expression in adipose tissue. PPARs play also a role in intracellular lipid metabolism by up-regulating the expression of enzymes involved in conversion of fatty acids in acyl-coenzyme A esters, fatty acid entry into mitochondria and peroxisomal and mitochondrial fatty acid catabolism. These observations have provided the molecular basis leading to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of fibrates and glitazones on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and identify PPARs as attractive targets for the rational design of more potent lipid-lowering drugs.
Targeting TLR/IL-1R Signalling in Human Diseases (2010)

The members of Toll-like receptor/interleukin (IL)-1 receptor (TLR/IL-1R) superfamily play a fundamental role in the immune response. These receptors detect microbial components and trigger complex signalling pathways that result in increased expression of multiple inflammatory genes. On the other hand, an aberrant activation of TLR/IL-1R signalling can promote the onset of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, raising the interest in the development of therapeutic strategies for the control of their function. In this review, we illustrate the structural and functional features of TLR/IL-1R proteins and discuss some recent advances in the approaches undertaken to develop anti-inflammatory therapeutic drugs. In particular, we will focus on inhibitors, such as decoy peptides and synthetic mimetics, that interfere with protein-protein interactions between signalling molecules of the TLR/IL-1R superfamily. Given their central role in innate and adaptive immune responses, it is foreseen that pharmaceutical modulation of TLR/IL-1R signalling pathways by these drugs might yield clinical benefits in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Photovoltaic properties of a ZnO nanorod array affected by ethanol and liquid-crystalline porphyrin (2008)

A vertically aligned array of ZnO nanorods, fabricated on conductive ITO substrate in aqueous solution, was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV-visible transmission spectroscopy. Surface photovoltage (SPV) techniques based on a lock-in amplifier and a Kelvin probe were both employed to study the photogenerated charges in the system. The effects of ethanol solvent and a liquid-crystalline porphyrin, [5-(para-dodecyloxy)phenyl-10,15,20-tri-phenyl] porphyrin (DPTPP), on the photovoltage enhancement in the ZnO nanorod array were studied via SPV comparison between different irradiation directions on the system. We demonstrate that the ethanol adsorption could induce the space charge region to expand towards the ZnO/ITO interface. In the absence of ethanol, the ZnO nanorod array with the DPTPP adsorption showed enhanced SPV with reduced attenuation rate of photogenerated charge carriers. We found that the separation of photogenerated charges could be further improved by coating the surface with DPTPP and ethanol together. Furthermore, the SPV spectra patterns of the composite system with opposite incident-light directions reveal that the DPTPP molecules adsorbed just at the surface of ZnO nanorods adopt a more monomeric alignment in contrast to the aggregative state in the DPTPP bulk.
A Simple Bioassay for Brassinosteroids: A Wheat Leaf-unrolling Test (1985)

Journal Article A Simple Bioassay for Brassinosteroids: A Wheat Leaf-unrolling Test Get access Kojiro Wada, Kojiro Wada Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroaki Kondo, Hiroaki Kondo Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shingo Marumo Shingo Marumo Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 49, Issue 7, 1 July 1985, Pages 2249–2251, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1985.10867066 Published: 01 July 1985 Article history Received: 18 February 1985 Published: 01 July 1985
Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase by α-Hederin in Macrophages (2002)

alpha-Hederin, a triterpene saponin, is reported to have antitumor activities; however, the mechanism underlying its therapeutic effects is not known. In this study, we examine the effects of alpha-hederin on the release of nitric oxide (NO) and the level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression in mouse macrophages. alpha-Hederin elicited a dose-dependent increase in NO secretion. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that the increased NO secretion was due to an increase in iNOS mRNA. Transient expression assays with NF-kappa B binding sites linked to the luciferase gene revealed that the increased level of iNOS mRNA induced by alpha-hederin was mediated by the NF-kappa B transcription factor complex. These results demonstrate that alpha-hederin stimulates NO release and is able to upregulate iNOS expression through NF-kappa B transactivation, which may be a mechanism, whereby alpha-hederin elicits its biological effects.
Multisensorial cameras in industrial quality inspection (2002)

Industrial surface inspection can greatly be improved if not just greylevel intensity, but also colour and local height can be imaged at once. The multi-sensorial camera produces for every pixel not a scalar attribute, but a complete feature vector with many, preferably uncorrelated components. A typical example is the "3D&Colour" line scan camera which generates a feature vector (Intensity, Hue, Saturation, Z=height) for every pixel at resolutions of typically 2048 pixels along the line of scan and with scanning frequencies up to several kHz. The processing of such a vectorial image starts with a LUT-based, trainable pixel classifier who transforms the vectorial image into a stack of binary class label images. This significant data reduction results in only little information loss and leads to further processing based on well-established image region processing techniques.
The Basement Membrane Underlying the Vascular Endothelium Is Not Thrombogenic: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies with Rabbit and Human Tissue (1987)

Studies examining the interaction of platelets with exposed subendothelium in vivo have reported conflicting results. To examine possible explanations for the apparently discrepant findings, we measured the platelet reactivity of subendothelium prepared by a number of methods both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, we examined the possibility that 13-hydroxyoctadecadinoic acid (13-HODE), an endothelial cell-derived chemorepellant, modulates the reactivity of the subendothelium to platelets. In vivo, the subendothelium of segments of rabbit carotid arteries was exposed by removing the endothelial cells by air perfusion or by balloon catheter stripping. Platelet accumulation onto the de-endothelialized segments was assessed by 3H-radioactivity uptake, using 3H-adenine-labelled platelets, and by scanning electron microscopy. In vitro, 3H-adenine-labelled platelet adhesion was measured onto plain plastic discs and onto plastic discs coated with the following purified basement membrane components: collagens type I, III, IV, V, laminin, or fibronectin. In addition, 3H-adenine-labelled platelet adhesion was measured onto plastic discs covered with human endothelial cells or onto the basement membrane underlying the endothelial cells. In vivo, there was marked 3H-platelet accumulation onto the balloon catheter carotid arteries one hour after injury. In contrast, there was no platelet accumulation onto the subendothelium of carotid arteries de-endothelialized by air perfusion. These differences were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopic examination demonstrated that the extracellular matrix was intact following the air perfusion injury whereas the majority of it was removed by the balloon catheter injury.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Techniques Applied to Obtain Very High-Resolution 3-D Seismic Imaging at an Athabasca Tar Sands Thermal Pilot: ABSTRACT (1987)

A high-resolution 3-D seismic survey was conducted at an Athabasca tar sands thermal pilot for the ultimate purpose of locating in-situ heat fronts. In order to obtain the required seismic expression, it is imperative that the field data have an extremely good signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio over a broad frequency band. This paper addresses the specialized acquisition and processing techniques which were used to acquire and process the 3-D data. The geology of the pilot site is characterized by a 50-m thick section of discontinuous McMurray tar sands resting on a Devonian unconformity, approximately 240 m below the surface. Imaging of this erosional surface, so critical to the pilot, is demonstrated by various interactive displays. The seismic definition of a narrow channel emphasizes that exceptional spatial and temporal resolution can be achieved, which will be necessary for the future monitoring of the in-situ heat fronts.
Factors influencing the induction of embryogenic and caulogenic callus from embryos of <i>Picea</i><i>glauca</i> and <i>P</i>. <i>engelmanii</i> (1989)

Zygotic embryos of Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss from five half-sib seed families and P. engelmanii Parry from one half-sib family, collected on July 13 and 27 and August 24, were cultured in the presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, N 6 -benzyladenine, and sucrose ranging from 0.5 to 4% for the induction of embryogenic callus and the production of stable embryogenic callus lines. Embryogenic callus was induced from all three collections with all seedlots. The July 13 collection was two to four times more embryogenic than the later collections. Embryogenic callus was induced at all sucrose levels, but 4% sucrose was clearly inferior, whereas 1% was best overall. Factors that favored the induction of embryogenic callus also favored the production of stable embryogenic callus lines. There was a 40% decline in callus line establishment compared with embryogenic callus induction and some seed lots failed to yield embryogenic lines from the two later collections. The formation of caulogenic callus was promoted at 3 and 4% sucrose. Embryos from the August 24 collection were more caulogenic than those from the earlier collections.
Performance of a distributed robotic system using shared communications channels (2002)

We have designed and built a set of miniature robots called Scouts and have developed a distributed software system to control them. This paper addresses the fundamental choices we made in the design of the control software, describes experimental results in a surveillance task, and analyzes the factors that affect robot performance. Space and power limitations on the Scouts severely restrict the computational power of their on-board computers, requiring a proxy-processing scheme in which the robots depend on remote computers for their computing needs. While this allows the robots to be autonomous, the fact that robots' behaviors are executed remotely introduces an additional complication-sensor data and motion commands have to be exchanged using wireless communications channels. Communications channels cannot always be shared, thus requiring the robots to obtain exclusive access to them. We present experimental results on a surveillance task in which multiple robots patrol an area and watch for motion. We discuss how the limited communications bandwidth affects robot performance in accomplishing the task, and analyze how performance depends on the number of robots that share the bandwidth.
The Accuracy of Price‐Earnings and Discounted Cash Flow Methods of IPO Equity Valuation (2000)

This paper compares estimates of value derived from conventional discounted cash flow and price earnings valuation methods to the market price. For a sample of 45 firms newly listed on the New Zealand Stock Exchange our results suggest that the best discounted cash flow method and the best price earnings comparable have similar accuracy. The median absolute pricing error is around 20% and the models explain around 70% of the cross‐sectional variation in market price scaled by book value. The results serve to corroborate the findings of Kaplan and Ruback (1995).
Perforation of the gastrointestinal tract and peritonitis in the neonate. (1985)

A review of 60 neonates with perforation of the gastrointestinal tract and peritonitis was undertaken to evaluate efficacy of current treatment. Perforation was most frequently associated with necrotizing enterocolitis, spontaneous gastric perforation, intestinal obstruction and feeding tube perforation of the duodenum. Primary closure of proximal gastrointestinal tract perforations and resections with diversion for distal perforations were the commonly used operative procedures. Mortality was 33 per cent, with most deaths (80 per cent) a result of sepsis or its complications. Increased risk of mortality was associated with lower birth weight and lower weight for gestational age, males, initial serum pH less than 7.30, delay in surgical treatment and feeding tube perforation. Peritoneal cultures were dominated by aerobic and facultative organisms with only 21 per cent yielding mixed aerobic-anaerobic cultures. No anaerobes were retrieved from post-operative wound infections or abscesses, and only one of 22 positive blood cultures yielded an anaerobe. Antibiotic therapy included combinations of aminoglycoside beta-lactam antibiotics and clindamycin. Improving survival in this population, particularly in infants less than 1 kilogram birth weight, was demonstrated.
AlO bonding: a method of joining oxide optical components to aluminum coated substrates (2002)

With the increased use of photonic packages, there are needs for reliable and low cost methods of attaching optical components. Packages based on silicon optical bench (SiOB) technology include oxide coated ball-lenses and silica fibers which are generally epoxied in anisotropically etched features of silicon substrates. The reliable attachment of these micro-optical components requires the application of small (approximately 1 nanoliter) quantities of epoxy at precise locations on the substrate. This is a time consuming process and requires considerable operator training and skill. Dispensing too much epoxy can deteriorate the optical performance of the device and dispensing too little results in an insufficient holding power. AlO bonding is an alternative attachment technique, under development, which forms solid-state bonds directly between these oxide-components and aluminum thin film coated silicon optical bench substrates and therefore does not require the handling of additives, such as epoxy, at the bond interface. This paper includes: methods of bonding ball-lenses and fibers; an interfacial analysis and proposed bonding mechanism derived from SEM/metallographic photomicrographs and thermodynamic data; destructive test results as a function of bonding and material parameters and; in situ loss measurements through AlO bonded components (multi-, single mode fibers and ball-lenses) during the bonding procedures and subsequent thermal cycling (-40 to 80/spl deg/C and from ambient to -195.8/spl deg/C) tests.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conversion of the Alpha-Hydroxy and Alpha-Keto Analogues of Methionine to Methionine by Cell-Free Extracts of Adult Female Ascaris suum (1971)

Cell-free extracts of adult female Ascaris suum can convert 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyrate and 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate to methionine. The oxidation of the hydroxy analogue utilizes NAD as cofactor which can be partially replaced by NADP. FAD and FMN are inactive. The keto analogue is converted to methionine with the amino group being supplied by glutamate or glutamine. Asparagine and aspartate are partially active but pyridoxamine phosphate does not donate its amino group. The nutritional requirements for and the metabolism of amino acids by parasitic helminths have not been extensively investigated. It has generally been assumed that gastrointestinal helminths have ready access to a full complement of amino acids and use them to satisfy their requirements. The use of the hydroxy analogue of methionine in the diet of the host would then expose the parasite to a new nutritional environment. It was of interest then to determine whether the parasite is able to utilize the analogue as a source of methionine. Data are presented on the metabolic pathway by which cell-free extracts of adult female Ascaris suum convert 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutyric acid and 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid to methionine. MATERIALS AND METHODS
A 3-D Encryption Technique Using Computer-Generated Hologram (2008)

The techniques of hologram for encryption and decryption have been widely researched and applied. Almost all the information of encryption is 2-D image. Parameters (wave length, recording distance, incidence angle, etc.) are regarded as the encoded keys for encryption and decryption. In the paper a novel way to encrypt 3-D information is proposed, which is based on technique of virtual optics. A new encoded key is introduced into security hologram, the size of 3-D object, which may play an important role for better protection against counterfeiting. Furthermore, a new image quality assessment is proposed to estimate the reconstruction 3-D object of CGH called Modified PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio). Simulation experiments show that CGH is an effective encryption technique, and Modified PSNR is a proper definite quantity analysis method for 3-D imaging.
Influence of salinity and water content on soil microorganisms (2015)

Salinization is one of the most serious land degradation problems facing world. Salinity results in poor plant growth and low soil microbial activity due to osmotic stress and toxic ions. Soil microorganisms play a pivotal role in soils through mineralization of organic matter into plant available nutrients. Therefore it is important to maintain high microbial activity in soils. Salinity tolerant soil microbes counteract osmotic stress by synthesizing osmolytes which allows them to maintain their cell turgor and metabolism. Osmotic potential is a function of the salt concentration in the soil solution and therefore affected by both salinity (measured as electrical conductivity at a certain water content) and soil water content. Soil salinity and water content vary in time and space. Understanding the effect of changes in salinity and water content on soil microorganisms is important for crop production, sustainable land use and rehabilitation of saline soils. In this review, the effects of soil salinity and water content on microbes are discussed to guide future research into management of saline soils.
Lightweight shared objects in a 64-bit operating system (1992)

Object-oriented models are a popular basis for supporting uniform sharing of data and services in operating systems, distributed programming systems, and database systems.
IGOR: a system for program debugging via reversible execution (1988)

Typical debugging tools are insufficiently powerful to find the most difficult types of program misbehaviors. We have implemented a prototype of a new debugging system, IGOR, which provides a great deal more useful information and offers new abilities that are quite promising. The system runs fast enough to be quite useful while providing many features that are usually available only in an interpreted environment. We describe here some improved facilities (reverse execution, selective searching of execution history, substitution of data and executable parts of the programs) that are needed for serious debugging and are not found in traditional single-thread debugging tools. With a little help from the operating system, we provide these capabilities at reasonable cost without modifying the executable code and running fairly close to full speed. The prototype runs under the DUNE distributed operating system. The current system only supports debugging of single-thread programs. The paper describes planned extensions to make use of extra processors to speed the system and for applying the technique to multi-thread and time dependent executions.
Mannose 6-phosphate reduces haze following excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (1995)

We assessed the effects of mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) on corneal wound healing following PRK in rabbits. Eight New Zealand white rabbits underwent identical excimer laser ablations and were treated with either M6P or a control drop for 4 weeks. Using objective measurements, there was a statistically significant reduction in haze at 4 weeks (p < 0.05) in the M6P treated eyes. Histophathologically, the treated eyes had less subepithelial collagen and a normal lamellar architecture. We conclude that M6P is able to modulate corneal wound healing following PRK and reduce haze.
Key-and-lock commodity self-healing copolymers (2018)

Self-healing materials are notable for their ability to recover from physical or chemical damage. We report that commodity copolymers, such as poly(methyl methacrylate)/n-butyl acrylate [p(MMA/nBA)] and their derivatives, can self-heal upon mechanical damage. This behavior occurs in a narrow compositional range for copolymer topologies that are preferentially alternating with a random component (alternating/random) and is attributed to favorable interchain van der Waals forces forming key-and-lock interchain junctions. The use of van der Waals forces instead of supramolecular or covalent rebonding or encapsulated reactants eliminates chemical and physical alterations and enables multiple recovery upon mechanical damage without external intervention. Unlike other self-healing approaches, perturbation of ubiquitous van der Waals forces upon mechanical damage is energetically unfavorable for interdigitated alternating/random copolymer motifs that facilitate self-healing under ambient conditions.
The utilization of fiber Bragg grating sensors to monitor high performance concrete at elevated temperature (2004)

Embedded optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are used to evaluate the properties of high performance concrete (HPC), subjected to high thermal strain. HPC is composed of polypropylene fibers and steel fibers, as additives, in a cylindrical concrete filled steel tube (CFT). A good agreement response between the FBG temperature sensor and a thermocouple was obtained. In addition, experimental results indicate that a CFT behaves differently from unconfined concrete in the center of a specimen, at a furnace temperature of 250 °C and that polypropylene fibers potentially have a higher capability to restrain spalling than do steel fibers.