gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigating Vibration Properties of a Planetary Gear Set with a Cracked Tooth in a Planet Gear (2014)

   Comparing with fixed shaft gearbox, vibration properties of planetary gearbox are much more complicated. In a planetary gearbox, there are multiple vibration sources as several pairs of sun-planet gears and several pairs of ring- planet gears mesh simultaneously. In addition, the signal transmission path changes due to the rotation of the carrier. To facilitate fault detection of a planetary gearbox and avoid catastrophic consequences caused by gear failures, it is essential to understand the vibration properties of a planetary gearbox. This paper aims to simulate vibration signals and investigate vibration properties of a planetary gear set when there is a cracked tooth in a planet gear. Displacement signals of the sun gear and the planet gear, and resultant acceleration signals of the whole planetary gear set will be simulated and investigated. Previous work mainly focuses on the vibration properties of a single component, like the sun gear, the planet gear or the carrier. This paper simulated the vibration signal of a whole planetary gear set when there is a cracked tooth in a planet gear. In addition, fault symptoms will be revealed, which can be utilized to detect the crack in the planet gear. Finally, the proposed approach is experimentally validated.
Display considerations for night and low-illumination viewing (2009)

An inadequately designed display viewed in the dark can easily cause dazzling glare and affect our night vision. In this paper we test a display design in which the spectral light emission is selected to reduce the impact of the display on night vision performance while at the same time ensuring good display legibility. We use long-wavelength light (red) that is easily visible to daylight vision photoreceptors (cones) but almost invisible to night vision photoreceptors (rods). We verify rod-cone separation in a psychophysical experiment, in which we measure contrast detection in the presence of a colored source of glare. In a separate user study we measure the range of display brightness settings that provide good legibility and are not distracting under low ambient lighting. Our results can serve as a guidelines for designing the displays that change their color scheme at low ambient light levels.
Ki‐67 staining for determination of rhesus macaque T cell proliferative responses ex vivo (2010)

The capacity for robust proliferation upon re-infection is a hallmark of adaptive immunity and the basis of vaccination. A widely used animal model for the study of human disease is the rhesus macaque (RM), where capacity for proliferation can be assessed ex vivo using carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-based dilution assays. However, we show over the course of the standard ex vivo proliferation assay that CFSE-labeling at commonly used dye concentrations induces significant cell death, but that this phenomenon is dose-dependent. Here, we describe an alternative semiquantitative method for estimating T cell proliferative responses that avoids the putative biases associated with chemical modification. RM peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated ex vivo with cognate peptides for 5 days, immunostained for intracellular Ki-67, and then analyzed by flow cytometry. We describe a gating strategy using Ki-67 and side light scatter, also a marker of blastogenesis, which correlates strongly with data from CFSE dilution. We show that this method is a valid tool for measuring RM antigen-specific cellular proliferation ex vivo and can be used as an alternative to CFSE dilution assays.
RGB-D edge detection and edge-based registration (2013)

We present a 3D edge detection approach for RGB-D point clouds and its application in point cloud registration. Our approach detects several types of edges, and makes use of both 3D shape information and photometric texture information. Edges are categorized as occluding edges, occluded edges, boundary edges, high-curvature edges, and RGB edges. We exploit the organized structure of the RGB-D image to efficiently detect edges, enabling near real-time performance. We present two applications of these edge features: edge-based pair-wise registration and a pose-graph SLAM approach based on this registration, which we compare to state-of-the-art methods. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of edge detection and edge-based registration both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Table of Azeotropes and Nonazeotropes (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTable of Azeotropes and NonazeotropesL. H. HorsleyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1947, 19, 8, 508–600Publication Date (Print):August 19, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 August 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60008a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60008a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7637Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polyamines prevent NaCl‐induced K<sup>+</sup> efflux from pea mesophyll by blocking non‐selective cation channels (2007)

Despite numerous reports implicating polyamines in plant salinity responses, the specific ionic mechanisms of polyamine-mediated adaptation to salt-stress remain elusive. In this work, we show that micromolar concentrations of polyamines are efficient in preventing NaCl-induced K(+) efflux from the leaf mesophyll, and that this effect can be attributed to the inhibition of non-selective cation channels in mesophyll. The inhibition by externally applied polyamines developed slowly over time, suggesting a cytosolic mode of action. Overall, we suggest that elevated levels of cellular polyamine may modulate the activity of plasma membrane ion channels, improving ionic relations and assisting in a plant's adaptation to salinity.
Comparative pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and renal clearance of five parenteral oxytetracycline‐20% formulations in dairy cows (1986)

Oxytetracycline (OTC) concentrations on plasma and milk of dairy cows were determined following a single intramuscular injection of five oxytetracycline-20% formulations at a dosage of approximately 10 mg/kg. For obtaining pharmacokinetic reference parameters, one 10% OTC formulation was administered intravenously. The five 20% formulations were compared and evaluated pharmacokinetically with respect to absorption rate, peak plasma and milk OTC concentrations, biological half-life, and relative bioavailability. The mean maximum plasma OTC concentrations varied between 4.5 and 6.8 micrograms/ml and were achieved between 5 and 10 h p.i., depending on the formulation involved. The mean maximum milk concentrations, ranging from 1.12 to 1.92 micrograms/ml, were achieved 12 to 24 h p.i. A plasma OTC concentration exceeding 0.5 microgram/ml was maintained for 48 h to 70 h, and in milk for 33 to 49 h, depending on the formulation involved. Formulations exhibiting the lowest clinically noticeable irritation showed the highest peak plasma OTC concentrations and the best bioavailability. Among the formulations the calculated withholding periods for milk were in the range of 3 to 4 days and for edible tissues of 9 to 14 days. The OTC and creatinine clearances were significantly correlated to each other and to the urinary flow. OTC was excreted predominantly by glomerular filtration, partly by tubular secretion minus urogenital (distal renal tubuli and bladder) reabsorption.
Genome Editing Tools in Plants (2017)

Genome editing tools have the potential to change the genomic architecture of a genome at precise locations, with desired accuracy. These tools have been efficiently used for trait discovery and for the generation of plants with high crop yields and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Due to complex genomic architecture, it is challenging to edit all of the genes/genomes using a particular genome editing tool. Therefore, to overcome this challenging task, several genome editing tools have been developed to facilitate efficient genome editing. Some of the major genome editing tools used to edit plant genomes are: Homologous recombination (HR), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), pentatricopeptide repeat proteins (PPRs), the CRISPR/Cas9 system, RNA interference (RNAi), cisgenesis, and intragenesis. In addition, site-directed sequence editing and oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis have the potential to edit the genome at the single-nucleotide level. Recently, adenine base editors (ABEs) have been developed to mutate A-T base pairs to G-C base pairs. ABEs use deoxyadeninedeaminase (TadA) with catalytically impaired Cas9 nickase to mutate A-T base pairs to G-C base pairs.
Trypanosome variant surface glycoprotein transfer to target membranes: a model for the pathogenesis of trypanosomiasis. (1990)

The variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) of trypanosomes is attached to the cell surface by means of a phosphatidylinositol-containing glycolipid membrane anchor. The studies presented in this paper support the hypothesis that the transfer of VSG from trypanosomes to erythrocytes could lead to one of the pathological features associated with trypanosome infection--i.e., anemia. Migration of trypanosome VSG from live trypanosomes to target cells (sheep erythrocytes) could be shown by preincubating erythrocytes with trypanosomes and subsequently testing the washed erythrocytes for insertion of VSG by their susceptibility to lysis by complement in the presence of an anti-VSG antibody. Complement-mediated lysis was found to depend on the strain-specific anti-VSG antibody used. Extent of erythrocyte lysis increased with time of cell exposure to trypanosomes and with trypanosome concentration. No erythrocyte lysis was observed when trypanosomes were preincubated with anti-VSG antibody before adding erythrocytes. Purified membrane-form VSG (which retains the glycolipid anchor), but not soluble VSG (which no longer has the terminal diacylglycerol moiety), could sensitize erythrocytes to anti-VSG antibody-mediated complement lysis. The intermembrane transfer of VSG from trypanosomes to cells of the infected host could provide a molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of trypanosomiasis.
Improved Oxidation of Active Methyl Group of N-Heteroaromatic Compounds by Selenium Dioxide in the Presence of tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide (2003)

The oxidation of active methyl group of N-heteroaromatic compounds including both of bicyclic and monocyclic compounds using SeO 2 was considerably improved in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxde in dioxane to give the corresponding aldehyde or carboxylic acid in the moderate to good yields.The present oxidation proceeds more mildly and more selectively to form aldehyde rather than carboxylic acid, compared with conventional SeO 2 oxidation without tert-butyl hydroperoxide.Selenium dioxide (SeO 2 ) oxidation has been well-documented as mild and selective oxidation and SeO 2 is particularly used for oxidation of active methyl, methylene and methine groups, alcohols and unsaturated bonds and for dehydrogenation of ethylene compounds.
Chromosomal aberrations in benign and malignant Bilharzia-associated bladder lesions analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization (2002)

Most of the detected imbalances have been repeatedly reported in non-bilharzial bladder carcinomas, suggesting that the cytogenetic profiles of chemical- and bilharzia-induced carcinomas are largely similar. However, loss of 9p seems to be more ubiquitous in BAC than in bladder cancer in industrialized countries.
Typical error pattern recovery of the Hopfield memory under error-tolerant conditions (1998)

We lower-bound the error-correcting capabilities of the Hopfield (1982) network under error-tolerant conditions, given some distorted version of a fundamental memory with a random (typical) error pattern. Our main result is that for any sufficiently small /spl alpha/, and for any /spl rho/<1/2, a Hopfield memory with n neurons can store /spl alpha/n fundamental memories, such that the following is satisfied in probability: a distorted fundamental memory with /spl rho/n errors, located at random positions may be corrected up to a residual error rate of exp{-1/2/spl alpha/}.
The DES Algorithm Illustrated (2006)

The DES (Data Encryption Standard) algorithm is the most widely used encryption algorithm in the world. For many years, and among many people, secret code making and DES have been synonymous. And despite the recent coup by the Electronic Frontier Foundation in creating a $220,000 machine to crack DES-encrypted messages, DES will live on in government and banking for years to come through a lifeextending version called triple-DES.
Priorities for public health research on craniosynostosis: Summary and recommendations from a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention‐sponsored meeting (2007)

On June 8-9, 2006, the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention held a meeting entitled "Prioritizing a Public Health Research Agenda for Craniosynostosis". The meeting goals were to review current knowledge in the area, discuss research gaps, and identify future priorities for public health research. Participants with a broad range of expertise (including clinical and molecular genetics, cranial morphology, epidemiology, pediatrics, psychology, public health, and surgery) contributed to the development of the research agenda. Meeting participants were asked to consider public health significance and feasibility when identifying areas of priority for future public health research. Participants identified several priorities, including the need to better delineate the prevalence and phenotype of craniosynostosis (CS); to identify factors important in the causation of CS (including potentially modifiable environmental risk factors as well as genes involved in isolated CS and gene-gene and gene-environment interactions); and to better understand short- and long-term outcomes of CS (e.g., surgical, neurocognitive and neuropsychological outcomes, psychological adjustment, and social relationships) and issues related to clinical care that could affect those outcomes. The need for improved collaboration among clinical treatment centers and standardization of data collection to address these priorities was emphasized. These priorities will be used to guide future public health research on CS.
Cloning exons for mapping of transcription: characterization of the<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>alcohol dehydrogenise gene (1983)

A novel method has been developed for determining the location of RNA termini and intron-exon boundaries using genomic clones. RNA is hybridized to a single-stranded M13 phage derivative of the genomic fragment of interest. S1 nuclease digestion results in an RNA-DNA hybrid corresponding to any transcript protected by the insert. Hydrolysis of the RNA with alkali, hybridization of the DNA with the opposite-strand M13 derivative of the genomic fragment and S1 nuclease digestion yields a mixture of pure exons. This mixture is analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis and is cloned using excess blunt-ended M13 phage vector. Plaques that contain inserts are identified by transfer to nitrocellulose and hybridization to the genomic insert and are used without further purification. Cloning junctions are then determined by partial sequence analysis. These very nearly correspond to intron-exon boundaries or to either end of the transcript. When applied to the alcohol dehydrogenase gene from Drosophila, this method revealed clear differences between the 5' ends of embryo and adult transcripts both by blot hybridization and by analysis of 23 independent exon clones. In embryos, the mature transcript is apparently derived from three exons and in adults from four with the difference lying in the 5' untranslated portion of the transcript. The method should be particularly valuable for mapping and cloning transcripts that are rare or are not polyadenylated.
A pRb-independent mechanism preserves the postmitotic state in terminally differentiated skeletal muscle cells (2004)

In skeletal muscle differentiation, the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) is absolutely necessary to establish definitive mitotic arrest. It is widely assumed that pRb is equally essential to sustain the postmitotic state, but this contention has never been tested. Here, we show that terminal proliferation arrest is maintained in skeletal muscle cells by a pRb-independent mechanism. Acute Rb excision from conditional knockout myotubes caused reexpression of E2F transcriptional activity, cyclin-E and -A kinase activities, PCNA, DNA ligase I, RPA, and MCM2, but did not induce DNA synthesis, showing that pRb is not indispensable to preserve the postmitotic state of these cells. Muscle-specific gene expression was significantly down-regulated, showing that pRb is constantly required for optimal implementation of the muscle differentiation program. Rb-deleted myotubes were efficiently reactivated by forced expression of cyclin D1 and Cdk4, indicating a functionally significant target other than pRb for these molecules. Finally, Rb removal induced no DNA synthesis even in pocket-protein null cells. Thus, the postmitotic state of myotubes is maintained by at least two mechanisms, one of which is pocket-protein independent.
Semantic Parametric Reshaping of Human Body Models (2014)

We develop a novel approach to generate human body models in a variety of shapes and poses via tuning semantic parameters. Our approach is investigated with datasets of up to 3000 scanned body models which have been placed in point to point correspondence. Correspondence is established by nonrigid deformation of a template mesh. The large dataset allows a local model to be learned robustly, in which individual parts of the human body can be accurately reshaped according to semantic parameters. We evaluate performance on two datasets and find that our model outperforms existing methods.
Epidermal growth factor-receptor-protein kinase interactions. (1981)

Membranes prepared from A-431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells retained the ability to bind 125I-labeled epidermal growth factor (EGF) in a specific manner. In the presence of [gamma-32]ATP and Mn2+ or Mg2+, this membrane preparation was capable of phosphorylating specific endogenous membrane proteins, as well as exogenously added histone. The binding of EGF to membranes in vitro resulted in a several-fold stimulation of the phosphorylation reaction. The phosphorylation reaction was not dependent on cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP. These findings suggest that one of the biochemical consequences of the binding of EGF to membranes is a rapid activation of a cyclic AMP-independent phosphorylating system. The activation of the membrane-associated protein kinase by EGF appears to be a reversible phenomenon. The membrane preparation could be solubilized by a number of non-ionic detergents with the retention of both 125I-labeled EGF binding activity and EGF-enhanced phosphorylation of specific membrane proteins. The solubilized membrane preparation was purified by affinity chromatography. The purified preparation retained both EGF-binding activity and EGF-enhanced phosphorylation activity. Analysis of the affinity-purified preparation by SDS gel electrophoresis indicated the presence of one major protein band of molecular weight 150,000 and several trace bands. The evidence suggests that the major 150,000 protein band is the receptor for EGF and is a substrate of the phosphorylation reaction. The co-purification of EGF-binding activity and EGF-stimulated phosphorylation activity suggests an inherent close relationship. The EGF-stimulated phosphorylation reaction appears to be specific for tyrosine residues and in this regard resembles the src protein kinase.
Low Driving Voltage, High Quantum Efficiency, High Power Efficiency, and Little Efficiency Roll‐Off in Red, Green, and Deep‐Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using a High‐Triplet‐Energy Hole Transport Material (2011)

Improved device performance in red, green, and deep-blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes is achieved using a new high-triplet-energy hole transport material. The driving voltage is lowered and the power efficiency is improved by more than 70% using the new hole transport material. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
SGLT2 Inhibition and cardiovascular events: why did EMPA-REG Outcomes surprise and what were the likely mechanisms? (2016)

While the modest reduction in the primary composite outcome of myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death in the EMPA-REG Outcomes trial was welcome, the 30-40% reductions in heart failure hospitalisation (HFH) and cardiovascular and all-cause deaths in patients treated with empagliflozin were highly impressive and unexpected. In this review, we discuss briefly why cardiovascular endpoint trials for new diabetes agents are required and describe the results of the first four such trials to have reported, as a precursor to understanding why the EMPA-REG Outcomes results came as a surprise. Thereafter, we discuss potential mechanisms that could explain the EMPA-REG Outcomes results, concentrating on non-atherothrombotic effects. We suggest that the main driver of benefit may derive from the specific effects of sodium-glucose linked transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition on renal sodium and glucose handling, leading to both diuresis and improvements in diabetes-related maladaptive renal arteriolar responses. These haemodynamic and renal effects are likely to be beneficial in patients with clinical or subclinical cardiac dysfunction. The net result of these processes, we argue, is an improvement in cardiac systolic and diastolic function and, thereby, a lower risk of HFH and sudden cardiac death. We also discuss whether other drugs in this class are likely to show similar cardiovascular benefits. Finally, areas for future research are suggested to better understand the relevant mechanisms and to identify other groups who may benefit from SGLT2 inhibitor therapy.
Joint estimation of object and aberrations by using phase diversity (1992)

The joint estimation of an object and the aberrations of an incoherent imaging system from multiple images incorporating phase diversity is investigated. Maximum-likelihood estimation is considered under additive Gaussian and Poisson noise models. Expressions for an aberration-only objective function that accommodates an arbitrary number of diversity images and its gradient are derived for the case of a Gaussian noise model. Expressions for the log-likelihood function and its gradient are presented for the case of Poisson noise. An expectation-maximization algorithm that enforces a nonnegativity constraint in a natural fashion is constructed for use in the Poisson noise case.