gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct magnetic resonance detection of myelin and prospects for quantitative imaging of myelin density (2012)

Magnetic resonance imaging has previously demonstrated its potential for indirectly mapping myelin density, either by relaxometric detection of myelin water or magnetization transfer. Here, we investigated whether myelin can be detected and possibly quantified directly. We identified the spectrum of myelin in the spinal cord in situ as well as in myelin lipids extracted via a sucrose gradient method, and investigated its spectral properties. High-resolution solution NMR spectroscopy showed the extract composition to be in agreement with myelin's known chemical make-up. The 400-MHz (1)H spectrum of the myelin extract, at 20 °C (room temperature) and 37 °C, consists of a narrow water resonance superimposed on a broad envelope shifted ∼3.5 ppm upfield, suggestive of long-chain methylene protons. Superimposed on this signal are narrow components resulting from functional groups matching the chemical shifts of the constituents making up myelin lipids. The spectrum could be modeled as a sum of super-Lorentzians with a T(2)* distribution covering a wide range of values (0.008-26 ms). Overall, there was a high degree of similarity between the spectral properties of extracted myelin lipids and those found in neural tissue. The normalized difference spectrum had the hallmarks of membrane proteins, not present in the myelin extract. Using 3D radially ramp-sampled proton MRI, with a combination of adiabatic inversion and echo subtraction, the feasibility of direct myelin imaging in situ is demonstrated. Last, the integrated signal from myelin suspensions is shown, both spectroscopically and by imaging, to scale with concentration, suggesting the potential for quantitative determination of myelin density.
NFS as a user interface to a high-performance data system (1991)

The Network File System (NFS) will be the user interface to a High-Performance Data System (HPDS) being developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). HPDS will manage high-capacity, high-performance storage systems connected directly to a high-speed network from distributed workstations. NFS will be modified to maximize performance and to manage massive amounts of data. 6 refs., 3 figs.
La desplanificación hidrológica. El caso de baleares. (2013)

El Plan Hidrologico de las Islas Baleares (en adelante PHIB), fue aprobado inicialmente por el Consell de Govern en febrero de 2011, tras un largo proceso que comenzo en 2004 e informado favorablemente por el Consejo Nacional del Agua (CNA) en marzo de 2011. Durante este proceso, se opto por una intensa participacion activa, que comenzo en 2006 y que conto con casi 800 participantes de mas de 300 entidades, con un total de casi 8.000 horas de trabajo. Ello dio lugar a un Plan participado, que no fue elaborado simplemente por los tecnicos, sino con la colaboracion de toda la sociedad. Con el cambio de gobierno producido por las elecciones autonomicas de 27 de mayo de 2011, el nuevo gobierno solicito al Ministerio, primero verbalmente y el 14 de octubre 2011 mediante un acuerdo del Consell de Govern, la paralizacion de la tramitacion del Plan y su devolucion para una revision. El dia 12 julio de 2013 el Consell de Govern aprobo inicialmente el nuevo PHIB, que fue informado favorablemente por el CNA el 29 de julio y aprobado por el consejo de Ministros el 6 de septiembre. Se realiza un analisis comparativo de la Normativa de 2011 y la aprobada definitivamente en 2013. Se puede comprobar que se ha consumado una estrategia de desregulacion y desproteccion del dominio publico hidraulico que favorece unicamente los intereses del agronegocio, urbanisticos y del lobby de directores facultativos y sondistas, permitiendo un incremento de las extracciones en masas de agua en riesgo, prorrogables y excepcionables, banalizando o anulando las medidas de proteccion de los acuiferos contra la contaminacion, tanto puntual como difusa, las de ahorro de agua, de proteccion ambiental, de cauces y de humedales y las de recuperacion de costes. Se analiza asimismo, la inutilidad de la participacion del Consejo Nacional del Agua en el proceso de aprobacion de los planes hidrologicos de las cuencas intracomunitarias y las responsabilidades de la Comision Europea en el proceso de incumplimiento de los plazos.
Tinnitus due to Abnormal Contraction of Stapedial Muscle (1974)

The authors observed eight cases of intermittent tinnitus which appeared during the course of recovery from peripheral facial nerve paralysis of various etiology. The tinnitus occurred whenever a certain mimicfacial muscle contracted voluntarily or involuntarily. Under the operating microscope, contraction of the stapedial muscle synchronous with-contraction of the mimic facial muscle was observed. The tinnitus had disappeared completely immediately after the tendon of the stapedial muscle was sectioned. Changes of the minimum audible threshold (air conduction) were measured in each case when the stapedial muscle contracted without sound stimulation, and the results were in accord with the results obtained from the theoretical and experimental works which had been reported by several authors. In a conclusion, the authors stressed the importance of the stapedial muscle tinnitus in the study of pathogenesis of tinnitus, facial nerve paralysis, as well as in the study of middle ear function.
Agent-based resource discovery in cloud computing using bloom filters (2014)

Regarding the fact that, there are large number of resources in cloud computing system. Developing effective solutions for their queries are very important. The success of cloud computing systems fundamentally relies on the efficient use of resources. Discovering and managing resources is one important step in the system effecting. In this paper, a method of Agent-based resource discovery using Bloom filter is proposed. In this strategy, resources information are stored in a Bloom filter, and then, the Bloom filter is sent to the related broker agent and broker agent sends it to the related database. In addition, users make their requests using their hash values and send them to related broker agent. The information needed for search and discovery is stored inside the Bloom filters and then the achieved Bloom filter is transferred, therefore, the amount data transmitted is reduced significantly. The results show that, in the proposed approach, the number of transferred bits in the network for user's requests, the number of transferred bits in the network for resources information, and the average of consumed time to search and discovery requested resources, approximately are 5 times, 15 times, and 3 times less than the case without using Bloom filter, respectively. The consumed memory, used bandwidth in the network, the time of search and discovery of resources, have improved significantly.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of (1<i>R</i>,3<i>R</i>,4<i>S</i>)- and (1<i>S</i>,3<i>R</i>,4<i>S</i>)-3,4-diaminocyclopentanols (1999)

Cis-syn and cis-anti-3,4-diaminocyclopentanols have been synthesized from cyclopentadiene in eight steps. The key transformations involved construction of benzyl ether protected cis-diazidocyclopentanols, and sequential reduction and hydrogenolysis to the unprotected diaminocyclopentanols.
Design of Nanophotonic MOS Solar-Blind Avalanche UV Detectors (2013)

We design a novel nanophotonic metal-oxide-semiconductor structure coupled with avalanche gain in Si for solar-blind UV detectors. The efficiency can reach >500%, and the solar-blind behavior is achieved without using wide-bandgap semiconductors.
Automatic wrapper maintenance for semi-structured web sources using results from previous queries (2005)

During the last years, significant attention has been paid to the problem of building wrappers for extracting data from semistructured web sources. Nevertheless, since web sources are autonomous, they may experience changes that invalidate the wrappers. In this paper, we present new heuristics and algorithms to address the problem of automatic wrapper maintenance. Our approach is based on collecting query results during wrapper operation and using them later to generate new sets of examples that can be used to induce a new wrapper when the source changes.
Oxime analogs of physostigmine (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxime analogs of physostigmineJ. N. Wells, J. N. Davisson, W. R. Campbell, S. Sangiah, and G. K. W. YimCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 6, 700–703Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00264a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00264a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of Bacillus subtilis MP and Effective Utilization on Productivity and Microorganisms in Feces of Suckling (2011)

To investigate the effects of newly developed Bacillus subtilis MP9 and MP10 from fermented soybean on the productive performance and number of microorganisms in feces, 80 suckling piglets (Large White x Landrace x Duroc) were randomly divided into four groups. Three-day-old piglets were consecutively hand-fed 10 ml/pig/day of phosphate-buffered saline (control group), Bacillus subtilis MP9 (10 11 CFU/ml.) (MP9 group), and Bacillus subtilis MP10 (10 11
Release of Protein from a Poly(ortho ester) Film during Surface Erosion Studied by in Situ Atomic Force Microscopy (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelease of Protein from a Poly(ortho ester) Film during Surface Erosion Studied by in Situ Atomic Force MicroscopyK. M. Shakesheff, M. C. Davies, J. Heller, C. J. Roberts, S. J. B. Tendler, and P. M. WilliamsCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 7, 2547–2553Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00007a038https://doi.org/10.1021/la00007a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simplifying Small Area Estimation With rFIA: A Demonstration of Tools and Techniques (2022)

The United States (US) Department of Agriculture Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program operates the national forest inventory of the US. Traditionally, the FIA program has relied on sample-based approaches—permanent plot networks and associated design-based estimators—to estimate forest variables across large geographic areas and long periods of time. These approaches generally offer unbiased inference on large domains but fail to provide reliable estimates for small domains due to low sample sizes. Rising demand for small domain estimates will thus require the FIA program to adopt non-traditional estimation approaches that are capable of delivering defensible estimates of forest variables at increased spatial and temporal resolution, without the expense of collecting additional field data. In light of this challenge, the development of small area estimation (SAE) methods—estimation techniques that support inference on small domains—for FIA data has become an active and highly productive area of research. Yet, SAE methods remain difficult to apply to FIA data, due in part to the complex data structures and survey design used by the FIA program. Herein, we present the potential of rFIA, an open-source R package designed to increase the accessibility of FIA data, to simplify the application of a broad suite of SAE methods to FIA data. We demonstrate this potential via two case studies: (1) estimation of contemporary county-level forest carbon stocks across the conterminous US using a spatial Fay-Herriot model; and (2) temporally-explicit estimation of multi-decadal trends in merchantable wood volume in Washington County, Maine using a Bayesian multi-level model. In both cases, we show the application of SAE techniques offers considerable improvements in precision over FIA's traditional, post-stratified estimators. Finally, we offer a discussion of the potential role that rFIA and other open-source tools might play in accelerating the adoption of SAE techniques among users of FIA data.
Automating addiction treatment: enhancing the human experience and creating a fix for the future. (2005)

The country's system of providing treatment for people struggling with addiction requires a fundamental overhaul. To address these daunting problems, a group of experts from outside the addiction field met in an intensive retreat and envisioned a new future for addiction treatment that would use the latest available technology. Retreat leaders employed creative techniques to help free up thinking beyond incremental improvement ideas. Current and former addicts or alcoholics and family members also attended the retreat to provide the panelists with a real-world understanding of their lives. Through this process, the panelists generated eight idea categories that visualized future treatments for addiction using technology. They were: (1) Integrated System and Record; (2) Monitoring/Treatment; (3) Virtual Experiences; (4) Treatment Access and "One Stop Shop"; (5) Networks; (6) Tailored Media Campaigns; (7) Diagnostic Tools; and (8) Help for Family. Two stories illustrate how these ideas could help a heroin addict and an alcoholic. The sponsors plan another meeting to bring these visionary concepts closer to real application.
Multidimensional optical switching networks (2003)

A novel switch fabric which trades the inherent spectral and spatial bandwidth of optical systems against a reduction in equipment complexity is described. The architecture, which is based on a multiple access bus structure, is nonblocking in the wide sense and capable of graceful growth. It also offers the possibility of achieving the theoretical minimum of crosspoints needed for a generalized interconnection network. It is anticipated that experimental multidimensional bus switched (MDBS) networks with Tbit throughput could be designed around currently available research components. The design of such networks and the technology options are described. It is noted that there a number of technology paths open that would lead to very large MBDS networks with throughputs well beyond what is readily obtainable with conventional electronic architectures; one interesting development in this direction is the D fiber back plane.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Arms Control (1962)

This paper reviews some of the proposals for arms control which have been in the past. It is shown that although some progress has been made in indicating means for reducing the effects of some of the peripheral causes of war, no plausible solution has yet been discovered for the central problem. Even the definition of the objectives which should be set for an arms control process is obscure. A brief review of the statistical incidence of war by magnitude and severity indicates that the trend to large wars of increasing severity has existed for almost a hundred years, culminating in the availability of nuclear weapons. A recognition of the possible consequences of this trend, intensified by the knowledge of the capabilities of nuclear weapons, has produced the current growing effort to understand the problem and to find acceptable arms controls.
Wellspring of a novel (2001)

I take our topic to require from us an account as to how the imagining of a work of literary art begins, and whether the body's five antennae - of sight, hearing, taste, touch and smell - contribute anything sufficient towards animating an imagined place and time.
Adrenomedullin is a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer (2013)

The KRAS oncogene influences angiogenesis, metastasis and chemoresistance in colorectal cancers (CRCs), and these processes are all enhanced in hypoxic conditions. To define functional activities of mutant KRAS in a hypoxic microenvironment, we first performed cDNA microarray experiments in isogenic DKs5 and DKO3 colon cancer cell lines that differ only by their expression of mutant KRAS (K-ras(D13)). Adrenomedullin (ADM) was identified as one of the most significantly upregulated genes in DKs5 cells that express the KRAS oncogene in hypoxia (3.2-fold, p = 1.47 × 10(-5)). Ectopic expression of mutant KRAS (K-ras(V12)) in Caco-2 cells (K-ras(WT)) induced ADM, whereas selective knockdown of mutant KRAS alleles (K-ras(D13) or K-ras(V12)) in HCT116, DLD1 and SW480 colon cancer cells suppressed the expression of ADM in hypoxia. Knockdown of ADM in colon tumor xenografts blocked angiogenesis and stimulated apoptosis, resulting in tumor suppression. Furthermore, ADM also regulated colon cancer cell invasion in vitro. Among 56 patients with CRC, significantly higher expression levels of ADM were observed in samples harboring a KRAS mutation. Collectively, ADM is a new target of oncogenic KRAS in the setting of hypoxia. This observation suggests that therapeutic targets may differ depending upon the specific tumor microenvironment.
Targeted deletion of genes for eukaryotic RNA-binding proteins, Rbp1 and Rbp2, in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC7942: Rbp1 is indispensable for cell growth at low temperatures (1999)

The unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strains PCC6301 and PCC7942 have two homologous genes, rbp1 and rbp2, encoding small RNA-binding proteins, Rbp1 and Rbp2. In order to elucidate their function within the cell, we performed rbp gene-disruption experiments using the transformable strain PCC7942. When rbp2 was disrupted by insertion of a kanamycin-resistance gene cassette within the protein-coding region, many transformants homozygous for the mutated target gene were obtained. Though insertional inactivation of rbp1 yielded few transformants, one transformant that carried a mutated rbp1 gene was obtained which grew poorly at a low temperature. This suggests that rbp2 is not necessary for cell growth whereas rbp1 is indispensable for cell growth at low temperatures. Possible functions of the Rbp proteins are discussed.
NF-κB as a target for the prevention of graft-versus-host disease: comparative efficacy of bortezomib and PS-1145 (2005)

NF-kappaB is a transcription factor that controls the expression of a number of genes important for mediating immune and inflammatory responses. In this study, we examined whether bortezomib and PS-1145, each of which inhibits NF-kappaB, could protect mice from lethal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which is characterized by immune activation and proinflammatory cytokine production. When administered within the first 2 days after transplantation, bortezomib and PS-1145 both protected mice from fatal GVHD, did not compromise donor engraftment, and effected marked reduction in the levels of serum cytokines that are normally increased during GVHD. Extending the course of bortezomib administration or delaying the initiation of this agent for as few as 3 days after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), however, significantly exacerbated GVHD-dependent mortality because of severe pathological damage in the colon. In contrast, prolonged administration of PS-1145, which, unlike bortezomib, is a selective inhibitor of NF-kappaB, caused no early toxicity and resulted in more complete protection than that observed with an abbreviated PS-1145 treatment schedule. These results confirm a critical role for NF-kappaB in the pathophysiology of GVHD and indicate that targeted inhibition of NF-kappaB may have a superior therapeutic index and may constitute a viable therapeutic approach to reduce GVHD severity.
Impaired IL-13-mediated functions of macrophages in STAT6-deficient mice (1996)

IL-13 shares many biologic responses with IL-4. In contrast to well-characterized IL-4 signaling pathways, which utilize STAT6 and 4PS/IRS2, IL-13 signaling pathways are poorly understood. Recent studies performed with STAT6-deficient mice have demonstrated that STAT6 plays an essential role in IL-4 signaling. In this study, the functions of peritoneal macrophages of STAT6-deficient mice in response to IL-13 were analyzed. In STAT6-deficient mice, neither morphologic changes nor augmentation of MHC class II expression in response to IL-13 was observed. In addition, IL-13 did not decrease the nitric oxide production by activated macrophages. Taken together, these results suggest that the macrophage functions in response to IL-13 were impaired in STAT6-deficient mice, indicating that IL-13 and IL-4 share the signaling pathway via STAT6.
Rapid Nucleophilic/Oxidative Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents (2002)

Simple solutions of hydrogen peroxide; peroxide activators such as carbonate, bicarbonate, and molybdate; and organic cosolvents afford rapid, broad-spectrum decontamination of chemical warfare agents, even at low temperatures (−30 °C). Such solutions are nontoxic, noncorrosive, and environmentally friendly. With bicarbonate activator, the decon solution can be comprised solely using food-grade materials. In situ generation of peroxy anion OOH- effects perhydrolysis of the nerve agents O-ethyl-S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]-methylphosphonothioate (VX) and pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (GD or Soman) to yield nontoxic products. For the blister agent bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide (HD or mustard), peroxo species HCO4- and Mo(OO)42- afford oxidation, initially, to the nonvesicant sulfoxide.