gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 2.56Mb/s digital local-loop transmitter/receiver (1985)

The development of an IC to provide 2.56Mb/s full duplex data transmission over standard telephone cable will be described. The device has an adaptive equalizer, automatically adjusted input thresholds, elastic store and line drive circuitry.
<i>In vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> inhibitory effect of α‐interferon on megakaryocyte colony growth in essential thrombocythaemia (1989)

Megakaryocyte (MK) colony growth of bone marrow mononuclear non-adherent cells was evaluated in 28 patients with essential thrombocythaemia (ET) and in 26 normal controls. The number of MK-colony forming units (CFU-MK per 3 x 10(5) plated cells) was similar in ET (68 +/- 33) and in controls (63 +/- 37), independently of bone marrow accessory cells. On the contrary, the size of the MK colonies was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater in ET patients. Human recombinant alpha-interferon 2a (alpha-IFN), administered to 10 patients at a dose of 3 x 10(6) IU/d s.c. for 11 +/- 3 weeks, was capable of inducing a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in the number (from 72 +/- 16 to 31 +/- 14) and size of bone marrow CFU-MK, together with a significant reduction of the platelet count (from 1031 +/- 325 to 378 +/- 75 x 10(9)/l). When added in vitro at time 0 to the culture dishes, alpha-IFN inhibited the CFU-MK growth of both normal and ET bone marrow samples, even at very low concentrations (1 and 10 IU/ml). This study demonstrates that alpha-IFN, both in vivo and in vitro, exerts an inhibitory effect on the growth of MK progenitors, which appears to correlate with the clinically documented antiproliferative effect of this cytokine.
CCK<sub>26–33</sub> Degrading Activity in Brain and Nonneural Tissue: A Metalloendopeptidase (1985)

Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK26-33) is metabolized by neural membranes with an initial cleavage to CCK29-33 and subsequent breakdown to CCK31-33 and CCK32-33; this pattern of proteolysis occurs on incubation with either P2 or purified lysed synaptosomal membranes. To determine whether the pattern of CCK26-33 proteolysis is unique to the brain and whether regional brain differences in its pathway or rate exist, we analyzed the proteolysis of CCK by synaptic membranes of various brain areas and cellular membranes of peripheral tissue. The pattern of degradation in brain did not differ among the regions studied. The overall proteolysis rate, as measured by the formation of tryptophan, was higher in the striatum than in the cortex, although CCK29-33 was formed at the same rate in both areas. In nonneural tissue, the rate of degradation was highest in liver membranes and lowest in pancreatic acinar cell preparations. Thus, it appears that degradative peptidases are not necessarily colocalized with CCK receptors. The pattern of product formation is the same in peripheral compared with CNS membranes; thus, the degradative pathway does not appear to be unique to brain tissue. The enzyme present in synaptic membranes that is responsible for CCK29-33 formation requires a metal ion and sulfydryl groups for the catalysis and thus is a metalloendopeptidase. Furthermore, its activity is inhibited by Ac-Gly-Phe-Nle-al, a peptide aldehyde whose sequence bears some homology to the amino acid sequence in the region of CCK26-33 that is cleaved by this enzyme.
Recovery of N-acetylaspartate in corticomotor neurons of patients with ALS after riluzole therapy (1998)

Riluzole, a glutamate antagonist, has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), allowing prolonged survival and time to tracheostomy. The efficacy of riluzole in thought to result from reduced glutamate excitotoxicity on motor neurons of patients with ALS, but this has never been demonstrated directly in vivo. N-acetylaspartate (NAA), a compound that is readily measured in vivo using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, can be used as a surrogate marker for neuronal loss or sublethal injury. To determine whether riluzole reverses sublethal corticomotoneuron damage in patients with ALS we measured NAA/creatine (Cr) relative intensity ratios in the motor cortex before and after treatment with riluzole 50 mg bid. After 3 weeks of riluzole therapy in 11 patients NAA/Cr increased from 2.14 +/- 0.26 to 2.27 +/- 0.24 (p = 0.044), whereas, in 12 untreated patients NAA/Cr decreased from 2.17 +/- 0.20 to 2.08 +/- 0.20 (p = 0.099). Thus the change in NAA/Cr between the treated and untreated groups was 0.22 +/- 0.095 (p = 0.008). The magnitude of increase in NAA/Cr in those treated was not correlated with age, sex, duration of treatment or disease, the presence of probable or definite upper motor neuron (UMN) signs, bulbar features, or pre-treatment NAA/Cr. We conclude that magnetic resonance spectroscopy can provide a novel surrogate measure of neuronal integrity that demonstrates reversal of sublethal UMN injury in patients with ALS within weeks of initiating riluzole therapy.
Notch and Inflammatory T-cell Response: New Developments and Challenges (2011)

The inflammatory T-cell response is important for protecting the host against infections and tumors. However, dysregulated generation of effector T cells produces high levels of inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic molecules and may cause inflammatory disorders, such as chronic infections, autoimmune diseases and graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Thus, tight regulation of effector T cells is essential. Accumulating evidence indicates that Notch plays critical roles in regulating the differentiation of antigen activated T cells into distinct lineages of effector T cells. Furthermore, significant progress has been made in the development of new methods in order to modulate Notch for disease treatment. In this article, we will discuss recent findings that help to gain insight into the impact of Notch in the regulation of effector T cells and highlight the beneficial effects of modulating Notch in inflammatory diseases.
Plasma Homocysteine Determined by Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-induced Fluorescence Detection (1999)

Homocysteine (Hcy) has emerged as another risk factor for the development of coronary heart disease (1). Genetic abnormalities of the enzymes cystathionine-β-synthase and methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (folic acid and vitamin B6 and B12 cofactors) can cause raised plasma Hcy concentrations. Deficiencies in folic acid and vitamins B6 and B12 may also contribute to this increased concentration (1)(2)(3). Consequently, patients with coronary heart disease have been treated successfully with folic acid, vitamin B12, or vitamin B6 (1), but the benefit of such treatment in reducing morbid cardiovascular endpoints is presently unknown (3).

A widely used technique for measuring total plasma Hcy is reversed-phase HPLC with fluorescence detection after derivatization of plasma thiols (4)(5)(6). Some studies use gas chromatography–mass spectrometry techniques (7) with various derivatization protocols (8).

The increasing demand for the determination of plasma total Hcy prompted us to develop a rapid, automated method based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) and laser-induced fluorescence detection (LIF) , in which all specific thiols are detected selectively.

Blood was collected by venipuncture into evacuated tubes containing EDTA from patients with episodes of deep-vein thrombosis or vascular disease. The plasma was separated by centrifugation and was stored at −20 °C until analysis.

Plasma samples (100 μL) were treated for 30 min at room temperature with 10 μL of a novel thiol-reducing agent [35 mmol/L tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine; Molecular Probes], as reported recently by Gilfix et al. (9). Compared with the widely employed tributyl phosphine, this new phosphine is nonvolatile, stable, soluble in water, and without disagreeable odor (5)(6). When we used this procedure, total Hcy (mixed and symmetric disulfides, including protein-bound Hcy) was analyzed in its reduced …
Evaluation of tuberculin testing and measles prophylaxis procedures used in rhesus macaque quarantine/conditioning protocols. (1995)

Twenty-three of 103 adult rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) entering NIH holding facilities with no history of measles vaccination or infection, no titer to rubeola virus, a minimum of four negative results of intrapalpebral tuberculosis tests, and negative for Herpesvirus simiae and type D retroviruses were selected to evaluate the adequacy of commonly used quarantine/conditioning protocol procedures. One month after sensitization by subcutaneous inoculation with 100 mg of killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in oil, an intrapalpebral tuberculosis test was administered in the right eyelid. All animals had reactions that ranged from grade II to grade V. The animals were then randomly allotted to three groups. Ten animals were inoculated with a rubeola-containing veterinary vaccine (VET), 10 were inoculated with a human measles vaccine routinely used in macaque quarantine procedures (HUM), and 3 were used as unvaccinated controls. Intradermal tuberculosis tests were administered in the left eyelid and the skin of the abdomen at vaccination (day 0), and subsequent abdominal skin tests were performed on days 5, 14, and 28. In addition, intrapalpebral tests were conducted on day 28. A higher response in the rubeola antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) optical density (OD) results was observed in the VET-inoculated group at 14 days after inoculation. More significantly, two members of the HUM-vaccinated group had negative ELISA results after a single dose of vaccine. Three other members of the HUM-inoculated group had ELISA results that were near the OD cutoff value (0.15) and were retested by the measles indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Combining Materials and Functions for Low Cost Manufacturing of Headliners (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Headliners are large parts that must be lightweight, sound absorbent and sturdy enough to carry a complement of other interior components as well. And as the dashboard becomes loaded with more and more technologies, there is a drive to spread some of that complexity over the rest of the interior of the car. Automotive headliners offer an opportunity for slashing vehicle production costs by integrating components and functions in a one-step operation. The headliner is the ideal candidate not only to accept sun visors, lighting systems and hand grips, but also garage door openers, cellular telephones and audio speakers.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper will discuss the use of low pressure injection molding as a way to reduce headliner production costs while expanding functionality. It will also examine the equipment requirements and the implications of this process for designers and manufacturers of vehicle headliners.</div>
On the Duality of Gaussian Multiple-Access and Broadcast Channels (2004)

We define a duality between Gaussian multiple-access channels (MACs) and Gaussian broadcast channels (BCs). The dual channels we consider have the same channel gains and the same noise power at all receivers. We show that the capacity region of the BC (both constant and fading) can be written in terms of the capacity region of the dual MAC, and vice versa. We can use this result to find the capacity region of the MAC if the capacity region of only the BC is known, and vice versa. For fading channels we show duality under ergodic capacity, but duality also holds for different capacity definitions for fading channels such as outage capacity and minimum-rate capacity. Using duality, many results known for only one of the two channels can be extended to the dual channel as well.
Phosphoproteomic Approach to Characterize Protein Mono- and Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation Sites from Cells (2014)

Poly(ADP-ribose), or PAR, is a cellular polymer implicated in DNA/RNA metabolism, cell death, and cellular stress response via its role as a post-translational modification, signaling molecule, and scaffolding element. PAR is synthesized by a family of proteins known as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, or PARPs, which attach PAR polymers to various amino acids of substrate proteins. The nature of these polymers (large, charged, heterogeneous, base-labile) has made these attachment sites difficult to study by mass spectrometry. Here we propose a new pipeline that allows for the identification of mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation sites via the enzymatic product of phosphodiesterase-treated ADP-ribose, or phospho(ribose). The power of this method lies in the enrichment potential of phospho(ribose), which we show to be enriched by phosphoproteomic techniques when a neutral buffer, which allows for retention of the base-labile attachment site, is used for elution. Through the identification of PARP-1 in vitro automodification sites as well as endogenous ADP-ribosylation sites from whole cells, we have shown that ADP-ribose can exist on adjacent amino acid residues as well as both lysine and arginine in addition to known acidic modification sites. The universality of this technique has allowed us to show that enrichment of ADP-ribosylated proteins by macrodomain leads to a bias against ADP-ribose modifications conjugated to glutamic acids, suggesting that the macrodomain is either removing or selecting against these distinct protein attachments. Ultimately, the enrichment pipeline presented here offers a universal approach for characterizing the mono- and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated proteome.
Total knee arthroplasty in bony ankylosis in gross flexion (1999)

Between June 1993 and December 1994, we performed total knee arthroplasty (TKA) on 27 knees in 24 patients with spontaneous bony ankylosis in severe flexion. The mean age at operation was 43.5 years (30 to 60). No patient had preoperative pain. Three were unable to walk and 21 could manage less than five blocks. The mean duration of the ankylosis was 18.7 years (13 to 25) and its mean position was 105 degree flexion (75 to 135). The preoperative Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score of 60 points was improved to 87 at the final follow-up three to five years later. All knees were free from pain. The mean range of active flexion in 24 knees was 97 degrees (78 to 115) and the mean arc of movement 91 degrees (78 to 98). The mean fixed flexion deformity was 6 degrees (0 to 25) and the extension lag 8 degrees (0 to 25). Angular deformity was corrected to between 0 degrees and 10 degrees of valgus. Four patients were able to walk one block and 20 five to seven blocks. Thirteen knees (48%) showed some necrosis at the skin edge; one knee required arthrodesis and another resection arthroplasty. One had a recurrence of tuberculous infection requiring arthrodesis. One patient had a rupture of the quadriceps tendon. To date no prosthesis has required revision for loosening. Radiolucency of 1 mm or less about the tibial prosthesis was observed at follow-up in four of the 24 knees. Our results have shown that one-stage TKA and skeletal traction after operation can achieve correction of severe flexion deformity of the knee with marked improvement in the function and quality of life.
<i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>Sporozoite Pellicle Antigen Recognized by a Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Is a β-Mannosylated Glycolipid (1999)

The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum is an important cause of diarrhea in humans, calves, and other mammals worldwide. No approved vaccines or parasite-specific drugs are currently available for the control of cryptosporidiosis. To effectively immunize against C. parvum, identification and characterization of protective antigens are required. We previously identified CPS-500, a conserved, neutralization-sensitive antigen of C. parvum sporozoites and merozoites defined by monoclonal antibody 18.44. In the present study, the biochemical characteristics and subcellular location of CPS-500 were determined. CPS-500 was chloroform extractable and eluted with acetone and methanol in silicic acid chromatography, consistent with being a polar glycolipid. Following chloroform extraction and silicic acid chromatography, CPS-500 was isolated by high-pressure liquid chromatography for glycosyl analysis, which indicated the presence of mannose and inositol. To identify which component of CPS-500 comprised the neutralization-sensitive epitope recognized by 18.44, the ability of the monoclonal antibody to bind CPS-500 treated with proteases, or with alpha- or beta-glycosidases, was determined. Monoclonal antibody 18.44 did not bind antigen treated with beta-D-mannosidase but did bind antigen treated with alpha-D-mannosidase, other alpha- or beta-glycosidases, or a panel of proteases. These data indicated that the target epitope was dependent on terminal beta-D-mannopyranosyl residues. By immunoelectron microscopy, 18.44 binding was localized to the pellicle and an intracytoplasmic tubulovesicular network in sporozoites. Monoclonal antibody 18.44 also bound to antigen deposited and released onto substrate over the course travelled by gliding sporozoites and merozoites. Surface localization, adhesion and release during locomotion, and neutralization sensitivity suggest that CPS-500 may be involved in motility and invasion processes of the infective zoite stages.
Acoustic Focusing with Spherical Structures (1963)

A variety of structures in the form of spheres can provide sharp focusing and directivity gains comparable to those from a circular piston with the same diameter. With an isotropic refractive sphere, spherical aberration does not impair focusing except for angular resolutions of the order of a few degrees and less. Luneberg lenses with compliant tubes or refractive liquid packets eliminate spherical aberration, but the focal distance may change as a result of dispersion in the resultant index of refraction. The outer shell of a Luneberg lens alone, and without the inner core, provides an angular resolution which is comparable to that for the full lens, but with a decrease in the directivity gain which is not as great as the reduction in the amount of refractive matter. Primary feeds with considerable directivity are essential for all types of lenses except those with the focus near the outer surface of the lens.
Bioresponsive polymers for the delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids (2010)

Polymers present an interesting option for the delivery of genes and other therapeutic nucleic acids. In the delivery process, the polymeric carriers face many different delivery tasks and different physiological microenvironments. Polymers can be designed to respond to microenvironmental differences with changes in their physio-chemical properties, enabling them to perform individual delivery tasks. Cleavage of covalent bonds, disassembly of noncovalent interactions, changes of protonation, conformation, or hydrophilicity/lipophilicity, can trigger such dynamic physicochemical adjustments. The polymeric carrier has to stably bind the therapeutic nucleic acid during the extracellular delivery phase and protect it against degradation in the bloodstream. At the intracellular site of action, the polyplex has to disassemble to an extent that the nucleic acid is functionally accessible. Polyplexes need to be shielded in the circulation and be inert against numerous possible biological interactions, but should actively interact with the target cell surface by electrostatic or ligand receptor interactions. Lipid-membrane destabilization at the cell membrane or nontarget sites is usually associated with undesired cytotoxicity, the analogous biophysical event, however, is required within an endocytic vesicle for polyplex transfer into the cytosol. Strategies will be presented how bioresponsive polymers can be designed and incorporated into polyplexes. Examples include dynamic stabilization of the polymer/nucleic acid core and transient activation of properties required for crossing lipid-membrane barriers. Bioresponsive delivery domains at the polyplex surface required for shielding, deshielding, and cell targeting also contribute to better performance.
Analysis of the Radial Dependence of Mass Sensitivity for Modified-Electrode Quartz Crystal Resonators (1998)

The radial dependence of mass sensitivity of the sensing surface is analytically calculated for two examples of “modified-electrode” quartz crystal resonators (QCR). The term “modified-electrode” QCR is used here with respect to the conventional QCR which has two identical circular and concentric electrodes. For these QCRs, the sensing surface is divided into a fully electroded, a partially electroded, and an unelectroded region, and the efficiency of each region is evaluated in terms of the electrode mass loading factor. Such QCRs are typically investigated for sensor applications in which the electrical properties of the liquid load or the coating deposited on the sensing surface (electroded and partially electroded regions) are being measured in addition to mass loading. While modified-electrode QCRs can be viewed as a simple capacitance sensor in those applications, the use of a piezoelectric crystal resonator in the narrow range of frequencies near resonance and antiresonance allows for a direct measurement of the capacitance through the antiresonant frequency, provided that the device damping (motional resistance) is not too high or that the resonance quality factor, Q, is high enough for a stable vibration under the load. It is shown that, for some values of the electrode mass loading factor, the off-electrode efficiency (partially electroded and unelectroded region efficiency) can still have a significant contribution to the overall surface area mass sensitivity. Knowledge of the efficiencies is needed to determine the loading area required for stable QCR sensor operation. This is because additional dissipation of energy into the load can occur, especially for cases where the sample load extends to the unelectroded surface, which has a nonnegligible particle displacement amplitude. It is also shown that, for some applications involving a liquid load and for some values of the electrode thickness, the shear particle displacement profile is such that compressional wave generation can contribute significantly to device damping, thus making the device unstable. Experimental measurements of the mass sensitivity profile on the surface are also performed for those QCRs and compared to theory.
Implementation Details for Frequent Batch Auctions: Slowing Down Markets to the Blink of an Eye (2014)

Our recent research (Budish, Cramton, and Shim 2013) proposes frequent batch auctions - uniform-price sealed-bid double auctions conducted at frequent but discrete time intervals - as a market design alternative to continuous-time trading in financial markets. This short paper discusses the implementation details of frequent batch auctions. We outline the process flow for frequent batch auctions, discuss a modification to the market design that accommodates market fragmentation and Reg NMS, and discuss the engineering and economic considerations relevant for determining the batch interval. Open questions are discussed throughout.