gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of allergenic extracts using micro-isoelectric focusing (1981)

S. E. Williams, D. W. McNulty, J. C. Deavin, L. S. Bark, L. Kershaw, B. Mason, J. Tranter, V. Goldberg, N. Ratnaraj, A. Elyas, P. T. Lascelles and R. Dybowski, Anal. Proc., 1981, 18, 303 DOI: 10.1039/AP9811800303
Metal affinity precipitation of proteins carrying genetically attached polyhistidine affinity tails (1991)

In this study, galactose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.48) was chosen as a prototype target protein to investigate the capability of metal affinity precipitation to facilitate the purification of genetically engineered proteins. A DNA fragment encoding five histidine residues was fused to the 3'-terminal end of the galactose dehydrogenase gene from Pseudomonas fluorescens and thereafter expressed in Escherichia coli. The additional five histidines functioned as an affinity tail and the modified enzyme could be purified using metal affinity precipitation when the metal-chelate complex with ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid, EGTA(Zn)2, was added to the protein solution. The affinity tail could also be applied for the purification of the fusion protein utilising immobilised metal affinity chromatography. After purification, the pentahistidine affinity tail could be removed enzymatically by carboxypeptidase A. Furthermore, growth rate experiments demonstrated that the expression of the metal-binding affinity tail in E. coli cells enhanced the tolerance to zinc ions when added to the growth medium.
Emulsification through Surfactant Hydration: The PIC Process Revisited (2010)

We have performed sudden composition changes on a (surfactant + oil + water) system by adding water to a (surfactant + oil) solution. This composition change quenches the system into a metastable oil-in-water emulsion with a population in the 100 nm range. The conditions for a successful quench are as follows: the initial water content should be below a boundary called the "clearing boundary" (CB), the final water content should be sufficiently beyond CB, and the quench should be fast. We have used high purity components to avoid the complex phase separation patterns that occur with low purity ingredients: the surfactant is octaethylenehexadecyl ether (C(16)E(8)) and the oil is hexadecane (C(16)). Under these conditions, we show that the pathway for this type of quench proceeds through the swelling of the reverse micellar phase by the added water and the formation of a sponge phase. Then, further water addition causes the nucleation of oil droplets in this sponge phase, with a size that matches the spontaneous curvature of the sponge phase. Part of the surfactant remains adsorbed on these droplets, and the rest is expelled as micelles that coexist with the droplets. It is concluded that a PIC emulsification will always lead to a bimodal size distribution with surfactant "wasted" in small micelles. This is in contrast with the more efficient PIT emulsification.
Treatment of Resistant Influenza Virus Infection in a Hospitalized Patient with Cystic Fibrosis with DAS181, a Host-Directed Antiviral (2015)

We report a cystic fibrosis patient infected with influenza 2009H1N1 who had persistent viral shedding and clinical deterioration despite prolonged treatment with oseltamivir and zanamivir. The patient was diagnosed with H275Y neuraminidase inhibitor resistant influenza during treatment, thus was treated for 10 days with DAS181, an investigational host-directed inhaled sialidase fusion protein. Viral clearance occurred after 5 days of therapy and the patient became eligible for lung transplantation. Although the patient succumbed prior to receiving a transplant, this case exemplifies the potential utility of a host-directed approach against influenza which has potential to become resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors.
Incendios forestales y degradación de los ecosistemas terrestres: impactos locales y emisiones globales. exploración de la situación en el Estado de México (2011)

En el Estado de Mexico la degradacion de los ecosistemas terrestres, tiene profundas raices historicas y sociales. La agrarizacion de las tierras forestales, las politicas de fomento a las actividades agropecuarias, la marginacion social y la pobreza de la mayor parte de los poseedores del bosque, el agua y la tierra, cuyas practicas de aprovechamiento perpetuan el deterioro de los recursos naturales y de sus condiciones de vida. Entre las practicas agrarias ancestrales que desencadenan la degradacion de los ecosistemas terrestres destaca la quema de la vegetacion natural para incrementar la superficie de cultivo y ganadera. A partir de 1998 se hizo mas estricto el calendario de quemas controladas y ha tenido mayor difusion el uso de practicas seguras para realizar quemas, sin embargo, todavia el causal de incendio mas importante sigue siendo el escape y falta de control de incendios agropecuarios. La superficie afectada por los incendios incluye la superficie quemada y aquella que ha sufrido alguna alteracion, el dano reduce rapidamente la superficie de vegetacion natural, acelera la degradacion de los suelos y atenta contra los bienes y servicios ecologicos que proveen, tambien ocasiona la eliminacion de sumideros de carbono atmosferico fundamentales para regular los cambios de clima y contribuye de manera directa en el incremento de la emision de gases de efecto invernadero por la combustion de la biomasa asociada.
21. Induction of CEA in Pulmonary Vasculature to Study Targeting Strategies for Cancer (2004)

Truly systemic gene transfer in vivo has been limited by the ability of vectors to localize to the tumor as well as immune inactivation, non-specific adhesion and loss of particles in the circulation. Toxicity can also result from an immune response to the systemic virus and transduction of other cells. We have previously shown that retroviral vectors can be carried to human xenografts by tumor targeted T cells. In immunodeficient mice we observed regression of disseminated tumors without evidence of toxicity. To address a more clinically relevant model, we have now used tumor specific T cells to deliver retroviral vectors to tumors in immunocompetent mice. We used T cells from OT-1 TCR transgenic mice, whose T cell receptor recognizes the SIINFEKL peptide epitope from chicken ovalbumin, ova, presented in the context of H2Db by B16 cells that stably express ova (B16ova). We have previously shown that the adoptive transfer of OT-1 T cells in vivo results in the partial regression of B16ova tumors. We have developed two methods to engineer OT-1 T cells to deliver retroviral vectors. In the first method, OT-1 T cells were generated to produce retrovirus by transducing them with an HSV-derived amplicon vector encoding the gag, pol and env genes, and a retroviral vector encoding the beta-galactosidase gene. In the second method, OT-1 T cells were incubated with retroviruses that can adsorb to the cell surface whilst entering the cell at very low efficiency. We have demonstrated that OT-1 T cells that have retrovirus adsorbed to their surface will hand this virus off to target cells in culture. For example, 5 × 105 OT-1 T cells loaded with retroviral stocks at an MOI of about 100, washed and then co-cultured with B16 cells resulted in transduction of target B16 cells at a level of 2.7 × 103 c.f.u. T cell hand off-mediated target cell infection is strictly dependent upon the presence of a functional envelope and is not the result of carry over of virus in the media. Handoff is more efficient when the viral envelope utilizes a receptor that is poorly, or not, expressed on the T cell itself. OT-1 T cells coated with retrovirus can both kill and transfer virus into B16ova cells. This transfer does not entirely depend upon the presence of an intact envelope on the viral particle surface.
Radio frequency discharge excited diffusively cooled kilowatt carbon monoxide slab waveguide laser with a three mirror resonator (1999)

In this letter, we describe a kilowatt radio frequency discharge excited diffusively cooled slab waveguide carbon monoxide laser, in which the top and bottom electrodes were cooled with liquid nitrogen and which utilized a modified resonator. With this design we obtained a maximum laser power output of 1020 W, which was 10% higher than the same device employing a conventional unstable resonator.
Circulating Heart Autoantibodies in Familial as Compared With Nonfamilial Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy (1994)

Titers of antibodies against the adenine nucleotide translocator, branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase, and cardiac myosin did not distinguish between familial and nonfamilial cases of DCM.
Early Hydration of Modified Belite Cement Prepared by Adding Borax (1996)

By adding borax into the raw mix, Modified Belite Cement clinker and cements were prepared. Clinkerization and hydration reactions were investigated in order to better understand. Borax-bearing MBC clinker sintered at 1300℃ for 1 hour showed excellent burnability. Borax stabilized α' and β-C₂S at room temperature. In the hydration of the cement prepared with the borax-bearing clinker, ettringite, monosulphate, C-S-H hydrates and CH were formed. The hydration of calcium sulphoaluminate was less reactive than the cement prepared with the controlled clinker at early hydration time. But, as hydration time elapsed, this cement showed more active hydraulicity and higher compressive strength development.
Electron‐transfer polymers. XL. Redox polyamides (1969)

Abstract By condensing a hydroquinone bis‐lactone of 1,4‐dihydroxybenzene‐2,5‐bis(ethyl‐2′‐carboxylic acid) with diamines such as hexamethylene diamine, piperazine, 4‐aminoethylpiperidine, or 1,3‐di‐(4′‐piperidinyl) propane, redox polyamides can be prepared. The lactone functions protect the hydroxyl groups until the polymerization occurs at which point, due to the opening of the lactone rings, free hydroquinone hydroxyls appear. The resulting polymer is oxidizable. When the oxidized polymer is reduced the viscosity is higher than that of the original reduced polymer.
Web Log Data Preparation (2008)

The preprocessing of web log message is an important phase in web log mining,which is a basic of web log mining,the preprocessing of web logs plays a key role in web log mining,data preprocessing decides the quality of web log mining.This paper presents basically knowledge of data preprocessing,summarizes and studies the four stages of web log data preprocessing,giving out a few algorithmic false yard and store form of preprocessing affair in the form of actual affair database.
Marketing basado en avatares (2006)

La publicidad siempre se ha dirigido a un poderoso alter ego del consumidor: esa persona sofisticada, atractiva y popular, que solo espera surgir (con la ayuda del producto anunciado) desde un yo comun y corriente. Ahora, en el ciberespacio, los consumidores estan tomando la iniciativa y adoptando alter egos que son cualquier cosa, pero en secreto. Estos personajes online, llamados avatares, van desde sencillas pero personalizadas figuras del tipo de animacion, ? y utilizadas como firmas pictoricas en los mensajes instantaneos?, hasta personajes completamente desarrollados en mundo virtuales. Y representan una enorme poblacion de consumidores ?sombra? que pueden ser analizados, segmentados y alcanzados. La experiencia de vivir a traves de otro ser es mas poderosa en los llamados juegos de representacion de roles online de multijugadores masivos, que permite a miles de personas interactuar simultaneamente dentro del mismo mundo virtual tridimensional. En tales lugares, los participantes se convierten efectivamente en los avatares que han creado, mirando a traves de sus ojos e involucrandose con seres iguales. En este articulo, el autor examina esfuerzos tempranos por comercializar productos del mundo real en mundos virtuales. Argumenta que las empresas requieren rapidamente mirar mas alla del mercado mismo y pensar en el cliente potencial, que puede ser el avatar mas que su creador. Obviamente, el ser humando detras del avatar controla el dinero en la billetera del mundo real. Pero el avatar, como una creacion distintiva de la psique del usuario, puede influir sobre el comportamiento de compra de su creador e incluso hacer su propias compras de productos del mundo real en el mundo virtual, entregandolos a la puerta en el mundo real del usuario. A lo menos, los avatares ofrecen una ventana hacia las preferencias ocultas de las personas y un medio para conseguir el compromiso sustentable del consumidor con una marca. Las acciones de marketing de las pocas empresas pioneras que trabajan en esta area indican algunos metodos que podrian ser utilizados en el futuro.
Uranium Sorption with Functionalized Mesoporous Carbon Materials (2013)

A series of functionalized mesoporous carbon (MC) materials were prepared by covalent grafting with amidoxime, carboxyl, and phosphoryl functional groups and screened for uranium (U) sorption from aqueous media. The MC materials were characterized by nitrogen adsorption measurements and thermogravimetric analysis and investigated for U(VI) extraction from both acidic water (pH 4) and artificial seawater (pH 8.2). Under both conditions, a phosphoric acid-functionalized MC exhibited the highest U(VI) sorption, with a maximum sorption capacity of 97 mg of U(VI)/(g of sorbent) in acidic water and 67 mg of U(VI)/(g of sorbent) in artificial seawater. The effects of pH on U(VI) sorption, sorption kinetics, and sorption isotherms were obtained for the phosphoric acid-functionalized MC. Quantitative U(VI) removal from U(VI)-loaded sorbents was achieved by washing with HCl at concentrations higher than 0.01 M. These results indicate that functionalized MC provides a promising platform for the development of novel sorbents for efficient U(VI) extraction.
Reaching Time Estimation for “Super-Twisting” Second Order Sliding Mode Controller via Lyapunov Function Designing (2009)

A method of a Lyapunov functions design based on resolving of the first-order partial differential equation of a special type is presented. A successful resolution of this equation guaranties a finite-time convergence for the corresponding dynamics given by an ordinary differential equation with a discontinuous right-hand side. It is also provides an analytical formula for an upper bound of the corresponding reaching time. The suggested method is applied to the problem of a stability analysis and a reaching time estimation of the, so-called, ldquosuper-twistingrdquo controller. The estimation accuracy is confirmed by numerical example.
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance due to a Single Mutation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1973)

A positive correlation (r > +.47, P 1 .01) was found between sensitivities of 147 random clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to all possible pairs of the drugs penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, acridine orange, and ethidium bromide. High-level resistance to streptomycin was also positively correlated with increased resistance to some of these drugs. This suggested that multiply-resistant strains are not exclusively the result of selection of independent mutants for resistance to each drug and that there may be a common mechanism for resistance to some or all of these drugs. This hypothesis was supported by the demonstration that low-level resistance to a large group of drugs (penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, rifampin, ethidium bromide, and acridine orange) could be lost as well as restored by a single mutational event in vitro. Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics has gradually become an important practical problem during the last decade [1-6], but there has been almost no scientific inquiry into the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of resistance. Several features of the clinical epidemiology of resistance of the gonococcus to antibiotics aroused our curiosity and prompted these studies. Numerous authors have noted strong positive correlations between sensitivities of individual
Serological and Chemical Specificities of Twelve Monoclonal Anti-Le^a and Anti-Le^b Antibodies (1992)

The serological specificities of twelve hybridomas were compared as to their chemical reactivity as determined using direct binding to synthetic carbohydrate structures. All anti-Le^a cross-react with type-l-precursor structures and three different variants of anti-Le^a could be defined by their binding to type-3-precursor chains, sialylated compounds and the monosaccharide D- galactose. Three major reactivity patterns were also identified among anti-Le^b reagents. Anti-Le^bL cross-react with Le^a and do not significantly bind to H-related structures. Anti-Le^bH.L had both anti-Le^bL-like activity (cross-reaction with Le^a) and anti-Le^bH-like activity (cross-reaction with H). Finally, anti-Le^bH cross-reacts strongly with H compounds and do not bind to Le^a. The binding pattern of anti-Le^bL suggests that these antibodies have lower affinity for ALe^b and BLe^b pentasaccharides than anti-Le^bH. All these specificities are not absolute, but rather are expressed as members of a quantitative progressive varying series, sugesting the existence of a whole range of antibody specificities gradually changing from Le^a → Le^a,b → Le^bL → Le^bHL → Le^bH. The results suggest that anti-Le^bL will always cross-react with Le^a and that anti-Le^bH will always cross-react with H related structures. However, under certain well-defined conditions these cross-reactions may not be apparent and antibodies might behave as specific anti-Le^a or anti-Le^b in certain tests.
Dissolved organic nitrogen: a dynamic participant in aquatic ecosystems (2003)

In both marine and freshwaters, the concentration of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) frequently exceeds that of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), including ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite. Recent evidence indicates that many organic N compounds are released into the DON pool and taken up from this pool by planktonic microbiota on timescales of hours to days. This observation suggests that many components of the DON pool can play an active role in supplying N nutrition directly or indirectly to phytoplankton and bacteria and, in so doing, may affect the species composition of the ambient microbial assemblage. Here we present an overview of the state of knowledge of DON pools in aquatic environments, focused mainly on data gathered in the last decade. We review information on DON concentrations in freshwater and marine systems, analytical methods for the determination of DON, and the biotic and abiotic sources and sinks of DON. More detailed discussion addresses specific components of the DON pool: urea, dissolved combined and free amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, amino sugars, and humic substances. The DON pool in natural waters is not inert and can be an important sink and source for N. There is a need for greater appreciation and understanding of the potential role of DON as a dynamic participant in the nitrogen cycle within aquatic ecosystems, particularly in freshwater environments.
Allocation of Virtual Machines in Cloud Data Centers—A Survey of Problem Models and Optimization Algorithms (2015)

Data centers in public, private, and hybrid cloud settings make it possible to provision virtual machines (VMs) with unprecedented flexibility. However, purchasing, operating, and maintaining the underlying physical resources incurs significant monetary costs and environmental impact. Therefore, cloud providers must optimize the use of physical resources by a careful allocation of VMs to hosts, continuously balancing between the conflicting requirements on performance and operational costs. In recent years, several algorithms have been proposed for this important optimization problem. Unfortunately, the proposed approaches are hardly comparable because of subtle differences in the used problem models. This article surveys the used problem formulations and optimization algorithms, highlighting their strengths and limitations, and pointing out areas that need further research.
Protective Effect of β-mercaptoethylamine and Mesenteric Vessel Clamping on Intestine-irradiated Rats (1963)

Summaryβ-mercaptoethylamine (MEA) given intraperitoneally 15 min before x-irradiation or clamping of the mesenteric vessel during x-irradiation of the exteriorized ileum and jejunum in rats reduced mortality, body-weight loss in survivors, and histological damage as compared with irradiated controls. When animals which received 1800 r and MEA were compared on a mortality and histopathological basis with those exposed to 1400 r with no drug treatment, the responses were very similar. Thus, with this method for evaluation, MEA reduced the effect of the x-ray exposure dose by about 20 per cent. MEA and clamping were not effective with x-ray exposure doses of 2200 r and above and 3000 r and above respectively. The combination of the two treatments had a substantial additive protective effect. It resulted in 67 per cent survival at the exposure dose of 3500 r where neither treatment by itself was effective, but became completely ineffective at 4500 r and above.
Identification of Two Cracks in a Simply Supported Beam from Minimal Frequency Measurements (2001)

This paper presents a diagnostic technique for the identification of two cracks of equal severity in a simply supported beam under flexural vibrations. The crack is simulated by a rotational spring connecting the two adjacent segments ofthe beam. The analysis is based on an explicit expression of the frequency sensi tivity to damage, and the damaged system is considered as a perturbation of the virgin system. By measuring the changes of the first three natural frequencies, it is possible to study the inverse problem—identification of crack location and severity. The inverse problem is ill-posed; namely, even by leaving symmetrical posi tions aside, cracks with different severity in two sets of different locations can produce identical changes in the first three natural frequencies. Numerical results show that if the natural frequencies used as data in iden tification are affected by errors relatively small with respect to the frequency-induced changes, then damage identification leads to satisfactory results.