gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does morphology stick? Tailored particle morphologies by swelling polymerization process (2006)

Abstract Structured dispersion particles suitable for pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) were synthesized via swelling polymerization technique (EP 359562). Particles consisting of poly( n ‐butyl acrylate) copolymerized with different types of carboxylic acids were used as seeds. The final particles were synthesized by swelling polymerization process, using 6 wt % styrene or 6 wt % methyl methacylate. The resulting particle morphology was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From previous works (Coll Surf A 2001, 183–185, 725–737; J Appl Polym Sci 2004, 91, 2610–2623) where two‐step emulsion polymerization was used on similar particles, it is expected that the particle morphology is affected by the polarity of the monomer used for swelling polymerization because of the phase compatibility (thermodynamic parameter). In this work, the seed particles used were always of a glass transition temperature ( T g ) below polymerization temperature. The diffusion of the growing polymer chains from the swelling polymerization is therefore mainly affected by their own T g and the influence of the carboxy groups on the chain length of the entering radicals (kinetic parameter). The different morphologies of the single particles are discussed qualitatively. The effects of reaction parameters are compared with the results given in the previous work. The structure of the corresponding dispersion films was characterized using AFM. Correlations to macroscopic properties such as the cohesive strength and peel adhesion to different substrates are discussed. The results are also compared with the application properties of the corresponding unmodified particles, statistical copolymers, and to blends with small sized PMMA or PS particles. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1444–1455, 2006
Magnesium ion inner sphere complex in the anticodon loop of tRNAPhe (1982)

The binding of Ca2+ and Mg2+ to tRNAPhe is analyzed by equilibrium titrations and temperature-jump measurements using the Wye base fluorescence as a label. Titration experiments starting with the folded structure of the tRNA (high salt and low temperature) show that Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding detected by Wye base fluorescence changes is associated with equilibrium constants between 1 x 10(3) and 3 x 10(3) M-1. The binding of Ca2+ leads to an increase of the relaxation time associated with a conformation change of the anticodon loop and to a decrease of the corresponding amplitude. These data are represented quantitatively by a two-step reaction scheme with a preferential binding of Ca2+ to one of the anticodon conformations. When Mg2+ is added, an extra relaxation process is observed with time constants around 1 ms. This process demonstrates the formation of a Mg2+ inner sphere complex. Relaxation time constants and amplitudes are represented quantitatively by a three-step reaction scheme. Mg2+ binds preferentially to one of the anticodon conformations. In the absence of Mg2+, these conformations are populated almost equally with a transition rate constant around 5 x 10(3) s-1. The Mg2+ inner sphere complex is formed with a relatively low rate constant of (1--2) x 10(3) s-1, indicating a conformational barrier. These data strongly suggest that the Mg2+ site analyzed in the present investigation corresponds to the anticodon site with a distorted octahedral coordination characterized by X-ray analysis. The results are discussed in terms of the anticodon function and also with respect to their implications upon Mg2+ binding to nucleic acids in general.
A DUAL-BAND CIRCULARLY POLARIZED STUB LOADED MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR GPS APPLICATIONS (2009)

A single-feed low-profile and easy to fabricate circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna has been developed for GPS applications. For dual frequency operation, four slots are etched near edges of the patch and a crossed slot etched in the center for generating circular polarization. In order to reducing the frequency ratio of two frequency bands of the antenna, the patch is loaded by four short circuit microstrip stubs. The paper reports several simulation results that confirm the desired characteristics of the antenna. Using stub loading, the frequency ratio of two bands of the antenna can be, even, reduced to 1.1.
Serologic investigation of the prevalence of Chlamydophila psittaci in occupationally-exposed subjects in eastern Sicily. (2007)

The aim of the study was to investigate the occurrence of serum antibodies to C. psittaci in workers at 8 stock farms located in a rural area of eastern Sicily. Serum samples from 188 workers and 160 controls were tested for immunoglobulin IgA, IgG and IgM direct against C. psittaci by microimmunofluorescent test (MIF). Seropositive subjects were defined as those with IgG titres of 1:16-1:256, and seronegative subjects as those whose titre was <1:16. To rule out the presence of cross reactive antibodies, testing was also performed for C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae. A total of 28 (14.9%) subjects studied met the criteria for seropositivity to C. psittaci. Two of the 188 (1.06%) had an IgG titre of 1:32, 16 (8.51%) an IgG titre of 1: 64, 6 (3.19%) an IgG titre of 1:128 and 4 subjects (2.12%) demonstrated an antibody titre of 1:256. The high prevalence rate of C. psittaci antibodies among farmers suggests that this infection is spread in those subjects living in areas with an high percentage employed in rearing activities. The authors stress the importance of carrying out health surveillance in subjects working in close contact with animals receptive to infection, and confirm the need to adopt a serological test, such as MIF as a preventive measure for activities at risk.
Structural changes in poly(ethylene terephthalate) induced by cryomilling and ambimilling (2006)

Abstract Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been subjected to high energy ball milling at two different temperatures (cryogenic temperature and ambient temperature). The morphological and crystal structural evolutions of milled powders are characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray diffraction measurement. The particle size and distribution of milled powders are measured by laser diffraction particle size analyzer (LDPSA). The results indicate that the mechanisms of refining and amorphization are remarkably different between cryomilling (mechanical milling under cryogenic temperature) and ambimilling (mechanical milling under ambient temperature). The cryomilled particles are agglomerated morphology, while the ambimilled particles are cold‐welded morphology. Cryomilling induced crystalline PET translates to general amorphous, however, ambimilling induced crystalline PET transforms to oriented amorphous. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 986–993, 2006
Dynamic Model for Subcritical Combining Flows in Channel Junctions (2002)

A one-dimensional theoretical model for subcritical flows in combining open channel junctions is developed. Typical examples of these junctions are encountered in urban water treatment plants, irrigation and drainage canals, and natural river systems. The model is based on applying the momentum principle in the streamwise direction to two control volumes in the junction together with overall mass conservation. Given the inflow discharges and the downstream depth, the proposed model solves for each of the upstream depths. The interfacial shear force between the two control volumes, the boundary friction force, and the separation zone shear force downstream of the lateral channel entrance are included. Predictions based on the proposed approach are shown to compare favorably with existing experimental data, previous theories, and conventional junction modeling approaches. The main advantages of the proposed model are that the proposed model does not assume equal upstream depths and that the dynamic treatment of the junction flow is consistent with that of the channel reaches in a network model.
Design and characterization of a real-time correlator (1977)

The design and characterization of a real-time correlator/electrically programmable transversal filter is presented, based on a novel functional multiplying structure in a standard single-level MOS LSI process. The analog information is sampled and held at fixed sites on the chip and the tap weights slide past them; the taps are digitized into 7 bits which control the selection of seven binary area-ratioed MOS capacitors per tap position. The rotation of the tap weights can reduce the effect of tap-weight errors but contributes to fixed pattern noise. Experiments using cascaded chips to build longer filters show excellent transfer-function agreement with theory. Dynamic range of the device is limited primarily by fixed pattern noise. This problem has been modeled and at present about a 45-dB dynamic range has been obtained for the heaviest doped chips when driven by input-signal amplitudes which allow better than 1-percent harmonic distortion. With improvements suggested, significant increases are expected in the dynamic range of the device.
Blastocystis: how do specific diets and human gut microbiota affect its development and pathogenicity? (2017)

Blastocystis is an enteric parasite that inhabits the gastrointestinal tract of humans and many animals. This emerging parasite has a worldwide distribution. It is often identified as the most common eukaryotic organism reported in human fecal samples. This parasite is recognized and diagnosed more often than ever before. Furthermore, some strains develop resistance against currently recommended drugs, such as metronidazole; therefore, the use of natural remedies or special diets has many positive aspects that may address this problem. The goal of this review is to compare natural treatments and various diets against the efficacy of drugs, and describe their influence on the composition of the gut microbiota, which affects Blastocystis growth and the occurrence of symptoms. This article reviews important work in the literature, including the classification, life cycle, epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathogenicity, genetics, biology, and treatment of Blastocystis. It also includes a review of the current knowledge about human gut microbiota and various diets proposed for Blastocystis eradication. The literature has revealed that garlic, ginger, some medical plants, and many spices contain the most effective organic compounds for parasite eradication. They work by inhibiting parasitic enzymes and nucleic acids, as well as by inhibiting protein synthesis. The efficacy of any specific organic compound depends on the Blastocystis subtype, and, consequently, on its immunity to treatment. In conclusion, the article discusses the findings that human gut microbiota composition triggers important mechanisms at the molecular level, and, thus, has a crucial influence on the parasitic pathogenicity.
ICI Cancellation Technique based on Estimating Delay and Doppler Profile in OFDM Reception. (2002)

During an OFDM transmission, a loss of sub-carrier orthogonality due to Doppler-spread of the channel leads to inter-carrier interference (ICI). This problem is especially bad in mobile reception environments. especially, under mobile reception environments. ICI causes significant degradation of the bit error rate characteristics and its influence becomes larger as the carrier frequency or velocity of the receiver increases. This paper proposes a method to reduce the ICI caused by the Doppler spread of the channel. The transmission channel is modeled by a combination of multiple Doppler shifted propagation paths, and their parameters such as attenuation, relative delay and Doppler-shift are estimated using scattered pilot symbols. The ICI is canceled by multiplying the inverse matrix of the estimated channel matrix with the received OFDM symbol vector. Computer simulation confirmed that the proposed method can reduce the bit error rate of a Doppler spread channel.
Lipase‐catalyzed synthesis and properties of estolides and their esters (1995)

Abstract Eight lipases were screened for their ability to synthesize estolides from a mixture that contained lesquerolic (14‐hydroxy‐11‐eicosenoic) acid and octadecenoic acid. With the exception of Aspergillus niger lipase, all 1,3‐specific enzymes (from Rhizopus arrhizus and Rhizomucor miehei lipases) were unable to synthesize estolides. Candida rugosa and Geotrichum lipases catalyzed estolide formation at >40% yield, with >80% of the estolide formed being monoestolide from one lesquerolic and one octadecenoic acyl group: Pseudomonas sp. lipase synthesized estolides at 62% yield, but the product mixture contained significant amounts of monoestolide with two lesquerolic acyl groups as well as diestolide. Immobilized R. miehei lipase was chosen to catalyze the esterification of mono‐and polyestolide, derived synthetically from oleic acid, with fatty alcohols or α,ω‐diols. Yields were >95% for fatty alcohol reactions and >60% for diol reactions. In addition, the estolide linkage remained intact through the course of the esterification process. Esterification of estolides improved the estolide’s properties—for example, lower viscosity and higher viscosity index—but slightly raised the melting point. Estolides and, particularly, estolide esters may be suitable as lubricants or lubricant additives.
Single event effects in static and dynamic registers in a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology (1999)

We have studied single event effects in static and dynamic registers designed in a quarter micron CMOS process. In our design, we systematically used guardrings and enclosed (edgeless) transistor geometry to improve the total dose tolerance. This design technique improved both the SEL and SEU sensitivity of the circuits. Using SPICE simulations, the measured smooth transition of the cross-section curve between LET threshold and saturation has been traced to the presence of four different upset modes, each corresponding to a different critical charge and sensitive area. A new architecture to protect the content of storage cells has been developed, and a threshold LET around 89 MeV cm/sup 2/ mg/sup -1/ has been measured for this cell at a power supply voltage of 2 V.
Naturally Occurring Arsenic in Sandstone Aquifer Water Supply Wells of Northeastern Wisconsin (1999)

Abstract The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 50 μg/L for arsenic was exceeded in 86 of 2125 water supply wells sampled over a broad geographic range in pails of Drown. Outagamie and Winnebago Counties, Wisconsin. The hydrologic and geochemical properties of the area were examined and the source of arsenic was determined to be natural, Ground water collected from two geologic formations, the St. Peter Sandstone and the overlying Platteville/Galena Dolomite, was found to be the principal source of the elevated arsenic concentrations. These two Formations supply a large portion of eastern Wisconsin private wells with their drinking water. Three wells were found within Outagamie County to have an unusually low pH. Results suggest that the cause of the low pH in these wells is of natural origin induced by the oxidation of iron sulfide minerals. In this reaction iron sulfide minerals are oxidized. forming sulfuric acid causing a low pH and a high concentration of various metals to leach from native rock formations into the water supply. Based on the data gathered from this study, an arsenic advisory area was designated for both Outagamie and Winnebago Counties. Guidelines were developed for well drillers and owners constructing new wells within the advisory area to reduce the likelihood of arsenic presence in the water supply. Fifteen wells containing arsenic exceeding the MCL were successfully reconstructed or new wells were constructed based on the guidelines developed. These constructions substantially reduced arsenic levels in the well water supplies.
Reliable group communication in distributed systems (2003)

The design and implementation of a reliable group communication mechanism is presented. The mechanism guarantees a form of atomicity in that the messages are received by all operational members of the group or by none of them. Since the overhead in enforcing the order of messages is nontrivial, the mechanism provides two types of message transmission: one guarantees delivery of the messages in the same order to all members of a group, and the other guarantees only atomicity with messages delivered in some arbitrary order. The message-ordering property can be used to simplify distributed database and distributed processing algorithms. The mechanism can survive despite process, host, and communication failures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The distribution of the Masked Weaver Ploceus velatus in Angola (1996)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Maintenance support for object oriented programs (2002)

Some of the difficulties that may be expected in the maintenance of software developed using the new object oriented languages are described. The concepts of inheritance and of polymorphism provide the great strengths of these languages but they also introduce difficulties in program analysis and understanding. The authors analyze problems of dynamic binding, object dependencies, dispersed program structure, control of polymorphism, high level understanding and detailed code understanding. Examples are presented based on code from the Smalltalk V environment. Recommendations are made for possible tool support, particularly using the concepts of dependency analysis, external dependency graphs, and clustering methodologies. Some suggestions are made concerning maintenance in firefighting situations, when a failed system must be brought back into service with a minimum of lost time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<scp>MT</scp>‐7716, a potent<scp>NOP</scp>receptor agonist, preferentially reduces ethanol seeking and reinforcement in post‐dependent rats (2014)

Dysregulation of the nociceptin (N/OFQ) system has been implicated in alcohol abuse and alcoholism, and growing evidence suggests that targeting this system may be beneficial for treating alcoholism. To further explore the treatment target potential of the N/OFQ system, the novel non-peptide, small-molecule N/OFQ (NOP) agonist MT-7716, (R)-2-{3-[1-(Acenaphthen-1-yl)piperidin-4-yl]-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl}-N-methylacetamide hydrochloride hydrate, was examined for its effects on ethanol self-administration and stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking in non-dependent and post-dependent rats. Male Wistar rats were trained to self-administer ethanol and then made ethanol dependent via repeated intragastric ethanol intubation. The effects of MT-7716 (0.3 and 1 mg/kg; PO) on alcohol self-administration were determined 2 weeks following dependence induction, when baseline self-administration was restored. Effects of MT-7716 on stress-induced reinstatement were tested in separate cohorts of rats, 1 and 3 weeks post-withdrawal. MT-7716 reduced alcohol self-administration and stress-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking in post-dependent rats, but was ineffective in non-dependent animals. Moreover, the prevention of stress-induced reinstatement by MT-7716 was more pronounced at 3 weeks post-dependence. The results further confirm treatment target potential for the NOP receptor and identify non-peptide NOP agonists as promising potential treatment drugs for alcohol abuse and relapse prevention. The findings also support dysregulation of the N/OFQ system as a factor in alcohol seeking and reinforcement.
Immune Subdominant Antigens as Vaccine Candidates against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2014)

Unlike most pathogens, many of the immunodominant epitopes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis are under purifying selection. This startling finding suggests that M. tuberculosis may gain an evolutionary advantage by focusing the human immune response against selected proteins. Although the implications of this to vaccine development are incompletely understood, it has been suggested that inducing strong Th1 responses against Ags that are only weakly recognized during natural infection may circumvent this evasion strategy and increase vaccine efficacy. To test the hypothesis that subdominant and/or weak M. tuberculosis Ags are viable vaccine candidates and to avoid complications because of differential immunodominance hierarchies in humans and experimental animals, we defined the immunodominance hierarchy of 84 recombinant M. tuberculosis proteins in experimentally infected mice. We then combined a subset of these dominant or subdominant Ags with a Th1 augmenting adjuvant, glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant in stable emulsion, to assess their immunogenicity in M. tuberculosis-naive animals and protective efficacy as measured by a reduction in lung M. tuberculosis burden of infected animals after prophylactic vaccination. We observed little correlation between immunodominance during primary M. tuberculosis infection and vaccine efficacy, confirming the hypothesis that subdominant and weakly antigenic M. tuberculosis proteins are viable vaccine candidates. Finally, we developed two fusion proteins based on strongly protective subdominant fusion proteins. When paired with the glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant in stable emulsion, these fusion proteins elicited robust Th1 responses and limited pulmonary M. tuberculosis for at least 6 wk postinfection with a single immunization. These findings expand the potential pool of M. tuberculosis proteins that can be considered as vaccine Ag candidates.
An associated molecule, p64, with IL-2 receptor beta chain. Its possible involvement in the formation of the functional intermediate-affinity IL-2 receptor complex (1992)

We identified previously a membrane molecule, p64, which co-precipitates with the IL-2R beta-chain in human T cells. We have now investigated the biologic significance of p64 in the formation of the functional IL-2R complex with cell lines transfected with cDNA of IL-2R alpha- and/or beta-chains. Two functional parameters associated with IL-2R, IL-2 binding ability and association of p64 with the beta-chain, were examined. Two subclones, MOLT beta-11 and MOLT beta-12, of an IL-2R beta cDNA-transfected MOLT4 clone expressed similar numbers of IL-2R beta molecules on cell surfaces and bound to IL-2 with intermediate affinity. However, the numbers of IL-2 binding sites were significantly lower than those of IL-2R beta molecules and considerably different between the two subclones. The amount of p64 co-precipitated with IL-2R beta was proportional to numbers of the IL-2 binding sites in the two subclones. In addition, neither p64 co-precipitation nor IL-2 binding was detected in HeLa and COS7 cells transfected with IL-2R beta, and no p64 precipitation was seen even in those transfectants with both IL-2R alpha and beta cDNAs, which bind to IL-2 with high affinity but are not able to transduce intracellular signals. These results suggest the possibility that p64 associates with IL-2R beta and has an important role in formation of the functional IL-2R complex.