gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AGL1-AGL6, an Arabidopsis gene family with similarity to floral homeotic and transcription factor genes. (1991)

The predicted products of floral homeotic genes, AGAMOUS (AG) from Arabidopsis thaliana and DEFICIENS A (DEF A) from Antirrhinum majus, have been shown previously to share strong sequence similarity with transcription factors from humans (SRF) and yeast (MCM1). The conserved sequence between these proteins is localized within a domain known to be necessary for the DNA binding and for the dimerization of SRF. We have isolated six new genes from A. thaliana, AGL1-AGL6, which also have this conserved sequence motif. On the basis of the sequence comparison between the AG and AGL genes, they can be assigned to two subfamilies of a large gene family. RNA dot blot analysis indicates that five of these genes (AGL1, AGL2, AGL4, AGL5, and AGL6) are preferentially expressed in flowers. In addition, in situ RNA hybridization experiments with AGL1 and AGL2 show that their mRNAs are detected in some floral organs but not in others. Our results suggest that these genes may act to control many steps of Arabidopsis floral morphogenesis. In contrast, the AGL3 gene is expressed in vegetative tissues as well as in flowers, suggesting that it functions in a broader range of tissues. We discuss possible roles of this gene family during the evolution of flowers.
Recognition of a single amino acid change on the surface of a major transplantation antigen is in the context of self peptide. (1994)

The transcripts encoding two strongly alloantigenic class I mutant molecules, Kdm4 and Kdm5, were characterized and found to encode products that differ from the parental Kd glycoprotein by single amino acid substitutions. The Kdm4 molecule has an amino acid change at position 114, an integral component of a beta-sheet associated with pockets D and E of the peptide binding site. The basis for strong alloantigenicity of the variant molecule can be attributed to differences in peptide binding that were visualized by HPLC analysis of eluted peptides. In contrast, the Kdm5 molecule differs from the parent at position 158, a component of the alpha-helix that is not associated with any of the pockets of the peptide binding site. No differences in peptide binding by Kdm5 in comparison with the parent Kd molecule were seen by HPLC, suggesting that the variant and parent molecules bind the same set of peptides. The ability of (dm4 x dm5) F1 hybrid mice to recognize and lyse BALB/c stimulator cells indicates that the alloantigenic properties determined by the 158 substitution result from the interactions of the alpha-helix regions (changed in dm5) with the pockets of the binding site (changed in dm4). We conclude that self peptides shared by the F1 hybrid and the BALB/c stimulator cells are recognized in the context of structural features of the helices of the Ag-presenting molecule as alloantigenic determinants.
Going, Going, Going (1990)

Going, Going, Going tells the story of aspiring auctioneer Mark Kuhn and how he learns his craft. Rural life is at the heart of the livestock's heritage and chosen profession. Going, Going, Going shows how the auctioneer pursuing this career fares among the shifting sands of today's disappearing rural world.
Direct laser writing of three-dimensional submicron structures using a continuous-wave laser at 532 nm (2010)

Three-dimensional direct laser writing is commonly associated with tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses. Although few reports have used continuous-wave lasers instead, it is unclear whether state-of-the-art three-dimensional submicron structures for photonics can be fabricated along these lines. Here, we systematically investigate the underlying mechanisms using a 532 nm continuous-wave laser operating at power levels of only some 10 mW and three different commercially available photoresists. Body-centered cubic woodpile photonic crystals composed of 24 layers with rod spacings as small as 450 nm serve as a demanding benchmark example for illustrating “state-of-the-art.”
General and Specific Strength Development Following Resistance Training in College Men and Women (2007)

The benefits to be derived from using free weights versus machine weights in a resistance training program remain controversial. Recent investigations indicate that each form of training may have unique benefits at specific phases of strength development. PURPOSE: to determine the amount of strength gain to be derived in the bench press using free weights and machine weights. METHODS: College-aged men (n = 181) and women (n = 259) self-selected to train using free weights (FW, n = 165), a seated horizontal chest press machine (HCP, n = 173), or a supine vertical chest press machine (SCP, n = 102). Participants were tested for general (free-weight) and specific (machine-weight) one-repetition maximum (1-RM) before and after training 3x/wk for 12 weeks using a general resistance program. Core lifts including the bench press followed a periodized program of 3 × 10-12-RM during the first 5 weeks, 3 × 6–8-RM during the next 4 weeks, and 3 × 3–5-RM during the final 3 weeks. RESULTS: A gender × methods ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect for general strength gain, with men making significantly greater improvements in FW (6.2 ± 5.2 kg) and HCP (6.0 ± 5.9 kg) than women (4.8 ± 4.4 and 3.9 ± 3.8 kg, respectively) and women making significantly greater improvement in SCP (5.6 ± 5.2 kg) than men (3.9 ± 4.6 kg). A gender × methods ANOVA produced a significant training method main effect for specific strength gain but no significant gender main effect or interaction effect. The HCP group made significantly greater improvement (11.7 ± 6.3 kg) than did the SCP group (9.1 ± 6.0 kg) which was significantly greater than the FW group (5.8 ± 5.0 kg). CONCLUSION: Different methods of resistance training will produce different amounts of strength improvement in men and women. Measurement and training specificities may be operative during resistance training.
Monitoring and detection of indoor air contamination (1997)

We report on the development of the air quality monitoring and early detection system for an enclosed environment with specific emphasis on manned spacecraft. The proposed monitoring approach is based on the distributed parameter model of contaminant dispersion and real-time contaminant concentration measurements. The implicit Kalman filtering algorithm is used to generate online estimations of the spatial contamination profile, which are used for the air quality monitoring and early detection of an air contamination event.
Independent genetic mechanisms mediate turgor generation and penetration peg formation during plant infection in the rice blast fungus (2004)

The first barrier to infection encountered by foliar pathogens is the host cuticle. To traverse this obstacle, many fungi produce specialized infection cells called appressoria. MST12 is essential for appressorium-mediated penetration and infectious growth by the rice pathogen Magnaporthe grisea. In this study, we have characterized in detail the penetration defects of an mst12 deletion mutant. Appressoria formed by the mst12 mutant developed normal turgor pressure and ultrastructure but failed to form penetration pegs either on cellophane membranes or on plant epidermal cells. Deletion and site-directed mutagenesis analyses indicated that both the homeodomain and zinc finger domains, but not the middle region, of MST12 are essential for appressorial penetration and plant infection. The mst12 mutant appeared to be defective in microtubule reorganization associated with penetration peg formation. In mature appressoria, the mutant lacked vertical microtubules observed in the wild type. The mst12 mutant also failed to elicit localized host defence responses, including papilla formation and autofluorescence. Our data indicate that generation of appressorium turgor pressure and formation of the penetration peg are two independent processes. MST12 may play important roles in regulating penetration peg formation and directing the physical forces exerted by the appressorium turgor in mature appressoria.
Sixty‐hertz stimulation improves bradykinesia and amplifies subthalamic low‐frequency oscillations (2016)

These novel results obtained from freely moving PD subjects demonstrated that both 140- and 60-Hz DBS improved bradykinesia and attenuated high beta oscillations; however, 60-Hz DBS amplified a subband of alpha/low-beta oscillations, and DBS at a beta-band frequency did not worsen bradykinesia. Based on recent literature, we suggest that both 140- and 60-Hz DBS decouple the cortico-STN hyperdirect pathway, whereas 60-Hz DBS increases coupling within striato-STN circuitry. These results inform future algorithms for closed-loop DBS in PD. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Design and Application of a Communication System Based on Codesys (2014)

A model of wireless network data interchange was built to solve cross-platform exchange data in intelligent robot. In the framework of embedded Soft-PLC - Codesys real-time operating system, we apply Socket network programming technology based on TCP/IP communication protocol to set up a physical channel between VC++ platform and the Codesys platform. It realizes the real-time data exchange between host-computer and slave-computer uploaded embedded operation system of robot. A special multi-threaded processing class was developed to enhance the multi-tasking allocation ability of the system. Exchanged data was packaged and analyzed to ensure the accuracy of transmitted data. The experiment shows built communication system platform is justifiable, and data transmission speed is less than 10ms. It is able to meet the needs of real-time control in intelligent robot.
Transformation of an [Fe(η<sup>2</sup>‐N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>)]<sup>+</sup>Species to π‐Delocalized [Fe<sub>2</sub>(μ‐N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>)]<sup>2+/+</sup>Complexes (2011)

Diiron diazenes: A monomeric Fe(η2-N2H3) species has been prepared, and exposure to oxygen yields a diiron complex that features five-coordinate iron centers and an activated bridging diazene ligand (see picture; C gray, N blue, Fe black, P red, O green). Structural, theoretical, and spectroscopic data for the redox pair [Fe2(μ-N2H2)]2+/+ are consistent with 4-center, 4-electron π-delocalized bonding across the Fe-NH-NH-Fe core that finds analogy in butadiene and the butadiene anion. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Aspheric lenses for terahertz imaging (2008)

We present novel designs for aspheric lenses used in terahertz (THz) imaging. As different surfaces result in different beam shaping properties and in different losses from reflection and absorption, the resultant imaging resolution (i.e. the focal spot size) depends critically on the design approach. We evaluate the different lens designs using Kirchhoff's scalar diffraction theory, and test the predictions experimentally. We also show that our lenses can achieve sub-wavelength resolution. While our lens designs are tested with THz radiation, the design considerations are applicable also to other regions of the electro-magnetic spectrum.
Magnetic Properties of CoFeB–MgO Stacks With Different Buffer-Layer Materials (Ta or Mo) (2016)

We investigate the effect of the buffer-layer materials and their crystallographic structures on the magnetic properties of the CoFeB-MgO stacks. Amorphous Ta, amorphous Mo, and crystalline Mo are used as the buffer layer of CoFeB-MgO. The CoFeB-MgO stacks on both the Mo buffer layers show higher perpendicular anisotropy than that on Ta after 400-°C annealing. Difference is also seen between the samples with amorphous and crystalline Mo in the intermixing property between Mo and CoFeB; intermixing is much more unlikely for the crystalline sample. Magnetic damping constant is also evaluated from ferromagnetic resonance measurements. Samples with crystalline Mo buffer layer show smaller damping constant than those with Ta buffer layer after 400-°C annealing. This paper clarifies that the magnetic properties of CoFeB-MgO depend on the buffer-layer materials and their crystallinities.
Analysis and Design for Sliding Mode Controlled Buck Inverter Based on Reference Sliding Surface and State Variables Surface (2006)

This paper presents a detailed and systematic analysis on the design of sliding mode control for the buck DC-AC inverter. The new inverter is composed of two symmetrical current bi-directional buck converters controlled by two independent controllers. The sliding mode motion and domain is researched by dividing the sliding surface into reference sliding surface and state variables surface. A proposed range for sliding surface coefficients is obtained conveniently. The hysteresis band method is used in the system to limit the switching frequency, and a more precise mode is established to evaluate it. The steady-state error in output voltage and the influence of ESR are analyzed by applying the new sliding surface. Finally, the simulation and experimental results validate the analysis in this paper.
Iron‐Catalyzed Direct Diazidation for a Broad Range of Olefins (2015)

Abstract Reported herein is a new iron‐catalyzed diastereoselective olefin diazidation reaction which occurs at room temperature (1–5 mol % of catalysts and d.r. values of up to >20:1). This method tolerates a broad range of both unfunctionalized and highly functionalized olefins, including those that are incompatible with existing methods. It also provides a convenient approach to vicinal primary diamines as well as other synthetically valuable nitrogen‐containing building blocks which are difficult to obtain with alternative methods. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction may proceed through a new mechanistic pathway in which both Lewis acid activation and iron‐enabled redox‐catalysis are crucial for selective azido‐group transfer.
Renal And Cardiovascular Actions Of 20‐Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid And Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids (2000)

1. Arachidonic acid (AA) is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP)-dependent pathways to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET) and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in the kidney and the peripheral vasculature. 2. The present short review summarizes the renal and cardiovascular actions of these important mediators. 3. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids are vasodilators produced by the endothelium that hyperpolarize vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells by opening Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid is a vasoconstrictor that inhibits the opening of KCa channels in VSM cells. Cytochrome P450 4A inhibitors block the myogenic response of small arterioles to elevations in transmural pressure and autoregulation of renal and cerebral blood flow in vivo. Cytochrome P450 4A blockers also attenuate the vasoconstrictor response to elevations in tissue PO2, suggesting that this system may serve as a vascular oxygen sensor. Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide inhibit the formation of 20-HETE and a fall in 20-HETE levels contributes to the activation of KCa channels in VSM cells and the vasodilator response to these gaseous mediators. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid also mediates the inhibitory actions of peptide hormones on sodium transport in the kidney and the mitogenic effects of growth factors in VSM and mesangial cells. A deficiency in the renal production of 20-HETE is associated with the development of hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. 4. In summary, the available evidence indicates that CYP metabolites of AA play a central role in the regulation of renal, pulmonary and vascular function and that abnormalities in this system may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
Oral administration of unsaturated fatty acids: effects on human peripheral blood T lymphocyte proliferation (1997)

Oils enriched in certain polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress joint pain and swelling in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Because T lymphocyte activation is important to propagation of joint tissue injury in patients with RA, we examined the effects of fatty acids administered by mouth in vivo on proliferation of human lymphocytes activated through the T cell receptor complex. T cell proliferation was reduced after oral administration of 2.4 g gammalinolenic acid in capsules of borage seed oil. Oral administration of oils enriched in linoleic acid, the parent n-6 fatty acid, and alpha linolenic acid, the parent n-3 fatty acid, did not influence growth of stimulated cells. Fatty acid analyses indicated that suppression of lymphocyte proliferation after gammalinolenic acid administration was associated with increased plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell concentrations of gammalinolenic acid and dihomogammalinolenic acid.
Phylogeny of mitosporic entomopathogenic fungi: Is the genus <i>Paecilomyces </i>polyphyletic? (2001)

We analyzed sequences of the divergent domain at the 5' end of the large subunit rRNA gene from the mitosporic entomopathogenic fungi Paecilomyces sp., Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, Paecilomyces farinosus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Verticillium lecanii, Verticillium psalliotae, Beauveria bassiana, Aschersonia sp., Aschersonia placenta, ascomycetous Cordyceps sp., and Cordyceps militaris. Phylogenetic analysis showed P. fumosorseus as the best characterized out of the analyzed species with the B. bassiana clade as its sister group. Two of the P. farinosus isolates were invariably placed within the Verticillium cluster, which also contained C. militaris. The only analyzed P. lilacinus isolate appeared on the root of the hyphomycetous fungi and was characterized as the most distinct from all the hyphomycetous fungi tested. Polyphyly of the genus Paecilomyces was well supported by the Kishino-Hasegawa test. In all trees based on the small subunit rRNA gene sequences obtained from the GenBank, V. lecanii, V. psalliotae, P. fumosoroseus, P. tenuipes and B. bassiana form, together with that of C. militaris, the best supported cluster in the tree. The rest of Cordyceps spp. constitute a distinct clade. Phylogenetic relationships derived from both tested DNA regions show polyphyly of the genus Paecilomyces and close relationships among entomopathogenic species of the genera Verticillium, Paecilomyces, and Beauveria.
Smart-Furoshiki: RFID-embedded Cloth enabling Multiple Area Detection (2007)

Recently, there are many research for tangible objects which enables to support users' everyday life. Due to the high price of each sensor-attached devices themselves, we hesitate to attach such devices to any kinds of cheaper objects. To give an actual example, documents using at a weekly meeting is not worth to attach sensor-embedded wireless device which costs more than 15$. Even worth, dry cell batteries of sensor-embedded devices should despoil the earth environment to no small extent. Therefore, the low-priced system to support users' daily life without battery is needed. To satisfy above needs, we will propose a novel hardware platform, using inexpensive RFID tags and flexible cloth, which can detect physical desktop objects, called Smart-Furoshiki. This paper describes details of Smart-Furoshiki and its applications.
Structural Tags, Annealing and Automatic Word Classification (1994)

This paper describes an automatic word classification system which uses a locally optimal annealing algorithm and average class mutual information. A new word-class representation, the structural tag is introduced and its advantages for use in statistical language modelling are presented. A summary of some results with the one million word LOB corpus is given; the algorithm is also shown to discover the vowel-consonant distinction and displays an ability to cluster words syntactically in a Latin corpus. Finally, a comparison is made between the current classification system and several leading alternative systems, which shows that the current system performs respectably well.
A dual mode forward/flyback converter (1982)

This paper presents a single transistor dc-dc converter that combines both forward and flyback action. The resulting circuit is ohmically isolated and can operate over a wide range of input-to-output voltage ratios. An analysis of the circuit indicates that the forward and flyback portions of the circuit interact to produce three distinct regions of operation. With the design information presented, the circuit can be tailored to utilize the desirable characteristics of either converter action for a specific application. The dynamics of the dual mode circuit are modeled by means of the state-space averaging technique. An ac-dc regulator that takes advantage of the wide operating range of the dual mode circuit operating off the ac line, with only a small input filter, is described.
Efficient Preparation of 2,4-Diaminopyrimidine Nucleosides: Total Synthesis of Lysidine and Agmatidine (2012)

An efficient route for the synthesis of 2,4-diaminopyrimidine ribosides from cytidine is described consisting of six steps with overall yields >50% and only one chromatographic step. The key amine addition step utilizes LiCl and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) to ensure clean conversion to a single tautomeric product. This route has been used to prepare the modified tRNA nucleosides lysidine and agmatidine in quantities suitable for structural characterization.
On the Detection of Robust Curves (1994)

Given m points in the plane and a threshold t, a curve is defined to be robust if at least t points lie on it. Efficient algorithms for detecting robust curves are given; the key contribution is to use randomized sampling. In addition, an approximate version of the problem is introduced. A geometric solution to this problem is given; it too can be enhanced by randomization. These algorithms are readily generalized to solve the problem of robust curve detection in a scene of curve fragments: given a set of curve segments, a curve σ is defined to be robust if curve segments of total length at least l lie on σ. Again, both an exact and an approximate version of the problem are considered. The problems and solutions are closely related to the well-investigated Hough transform technique.