gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Replacing function parameters by global variables (1989)

Article Replacing function parameters by global variables Share on Author: Peter Sestoft DIKU, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, DK-2100 Copenhagen, ø, Denmark DIKU, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 1, DK-2100 Copenhagen, ø, DenmarkView Profile Authors Info & Claims FPCA '89: Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Functional programming languages and computer architectureNovember 1989 Pages 39–53https://doi.org/10.1145/99370.99374Online:01 November 1989Publication History 58citation432DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations58Total Downloads432Last 12 Months13Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Vision-based detection of activity for traffic control (2004)

One important application of image processing and computer vision is traffic monitoring and control. This paper presents a system for detection of moving vehicles approaching an intersection from color images acquired by a stationary camera in the context of traffic light control systems. As the system is dedicated to outdoor applications, efficient and robust vehicle detection under various weather and illumination conditions is examined. To deal with these ever changing conditions, vehicle detection relies on motion segmentation and color mapping to achieve feature space segmentation. Experimental results using real outdoor sequences of images demonstrate the system's robustness under various environmental conditions.
New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-1–Producing<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, Florida, USA1 (2016)

as carriers of O157 and O26 strains in Ireland (7, In Germany, cattle density has been shown to be significantly associated with human VTEC O157 incidence but only marginally associated with O26 incidence (9); the same study showed no association between cattle density and VTEC O91 infection, indicating that not all serogroups necessarily share the same reservoirs. Alternatively, animals of the same species may be preferentially colonized with different serogroups at different times of the year or at different developmental ages. Other possible explanations could be variation in survival characteristics between the 2 strains, which results in a different seasonal distribution in the environment, or specific human behavior (e.g., seasonal food) resulting in more frequent exposure to sources of VTEC O157 and VTEC O26 at different times of the year.
Growth of In1−<i>x</i>Tl<i>x</i>Sb, a new infrared material, by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1993)

We report the growth of In1−xTlxSb, a new III-V alloy for long-wavelength infrared detector applications, by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. In1−xTlxSb with good surface morphology was obtained on both GaAs and InSb substrates at a growth temperature of 455 °C. X-ray diffraction measurements showed resolved peaks of In1−xTlxSb and InSb films. Infrared absorption spectrum of In1−xTlxSb showed a shift toward lower energies compared to InSb spectrum. Hall mobility data on In1−xTlxSb/InSb/GaAs structure showed enhanced mobility at low temperatures compared to InSb/GaAs structure.
Signals and Receptors Involved in Recruitment of Inflammatory Cells (1995)

The classical symptoms of inflammation (redness, swelling, heat, and pain) are the result of underlying biochemical events triggered by infection, foreign material, or tissue damage. The hallmark of inflammation is the infiltration of specific leukocyte subsets from the blood into the affected tissue. These leukocytes function as the primary line of host defense in the destruction of microorganisms and initiation of tissue repair. A variety of chemotactic proteins and their receptors orchestrate the directed migration of leukocytes to inflammatory sites.
Reviews (1974)

Journal Article Reviews Get access DIE REGULA SANCTI BENEDICTI IN ENGLAND , by Mechthild Gretsch . Münchener Universitäts-Schriften (Philo-sophische Fakultät): Texte und Unter-suchungen zur Englischen Philologie, Band 2; Munich : Wilhelm Fink , 1973 ; pp. viii, 408 ; DM 48. E. G. STANLEY E. G. STANLEY Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 21, Issue 9, September 1974, Pages 344-b–347, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/21-9-344b Published: 01 September 1974
Effect of Penetration Modifiers on the Dermal and Transdermal Delivery of Drugs and Cosmetic Active Ingredients (2008)

In this study the effect of 2 penetration modifiers, dimethyl isosorbide (DMI) and diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DGME) on the skin delivery of hydroquinone (HQ), salicylic acid (SA) and octadecenedioic acid (DIOIC) was investigated. Ten percent DMI and DGME were separately formulated into oil-in-water emulsions containing 1.8% HQ, SA and DIOIC, respectively. Skin delivery and the flux across split-thickness human skin of the active ingredients were determined using Franz diffusion cells. An emulsion with 10% water incorporated instead of the water-soluble penetration modifiers served as a control. The study showed that neither 10% DMI nor 10% DGME significantly enhanced the skin permeation of the various lipophilic active ingredients or the uptake into the skin. It was hypothesized that the addition of the penetration modifiers to the emulsions not only enhanced the solubility of the various active ingredients in the skin but also in the formulation, resulting in a reduced thermodynamic activity and hence a weaker driving force for penetration. Therefore, the effect of DMI and DGME on the solubility of the active ingredients in the skin was counteracted by a simultaneous reduction in the thermodynamic activity in the formulation.
Biofilm-Infected Intracerebroventricular Shunts Elicit Inflammation within the Central Nervous System (2012)

Central nervous system catheter infections are a serious complication in the treatment of hydrocephalus. These infections are commonly caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, both known to form biofilms on the catheter surface. Our objective was to generate a novel murine model of central nervous system catheter-associated biofilm infection using a clinical S. aureus isolate and characterize the nature of the inflammatory response during biofilm growth. Silicone catheters were precoated with S. aureus to facilitate bacterial attachment, whereupon infected or sterile catheters were stereotactically inserted into the lateral ventricle of the brain in C57BL/6 mice and evaluated at regular intervals through day 21 postinsertion. Animals tolerated the procedure well, with no clinical signs of illness or bacterial growth seen in the control group. Bacterial titers associated with central nervous system catheters were significantly elevated compared to those from the surrounding parenchyma, consistent with biofilm formation and minimal planktonic spread of infection. Catheter-associated bacterial burdens progressively increased, with maximal colonization achieved at day 7 postinfection. Analysis of inflammatory infiltrates by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) revealed significant macrophage and neutrophil influx, which peaked at days 3 and 5 to 7, respectively. In contrast, there were no detectable immune infiltrates associated with tissues surrounding sterile catheters. Biofilm infection led to significant increases in chemokine (CXCL1 and CCL2) and proinflammatory cytokine (interleukin 17 [IL-17]) expression in tissues surrounding infected central nervous system catheters. Based on these results, we propose this approach is a valid animal model for further investigations of catheter-associated central nervous system shunt infections.
Characterization of F-pilin as an inner membrane component of Escherichia coli K12. (1992)

Antipeptide antibodies were used to detect, purify, and characterize nonfilament F-pilin in the cell envelope of an F'tra+ strain of Escherichia coli. Affinity-purified goat antibodies raised against a peptide corresponding to the amino-terminal 14 amino acids of F-pilin detected F-pilin in immuno-overlay ("Western") blots of electrophoretically separated inner and outer membrane proteins. As expected, the molecule was absent from inner membrane preparations of F- or F'traA[Am] strains. Immunoreactive material was purified from inner membrane fractions and shown to be F-pilin by amino acid analysis. The anti-peptide antibodies also detected membrane forms of F-pilin produced by cells containing plasmid pTG801 (Grossman, T. & Silverman, P. (1989) J. Bacteriol. 171, 650-656). Most cell envelope pilin was in the inner membrane fraction, but a significant quantity fractionated with the outer membrane as well. The hydropathy profile of F-pilin suggested that the molecule is an integral membrane protein with two membrane-spanning domains. In confirmation, F-pilin and pTG801 pilins in inner membrane preparations were solubilized by a single extraction with the nonionic detergents Nonidet P-40 (2%) or Triton X-100 (2%), but not by 2 M KCl or 0.1 M NaOH. Moreover, analysis of traA'-'phoA constructs indicated that both the amino and carboxyl termini of F-pilin face the periplasm. The periplasmic location of the amino terminus was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy of spheroplasts from F' and pTG801 strains, using a monoclonal antibody that recognizes an amino-terminal epitope. These data suggest a specific structure for membrane F-pilin. We discuss that structure in relation to the probable structure of filament F-pilin.
Five Rules for the Evolution of Cooperation (2006)

Cooperation is needed for evolution to construct new levels of organization. Genomes, cells, multicellular organisms, social insects, and human society are all based on cooperation. Cooperation means that selfish replicators forgo some of their reproductive potential to help one another. But natural selection implies competition and therefore opposes cooperation unless a specific mechanism is at work. Here I discuss five mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation: kin selection, direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, network reciprocity, and group selection. For each mechanism, a simple rule is derived that specifies whether natural selection can lead to cooperation.
SAR imaging from partial-aperture data with frequency-band omissions (2005)

We consider the problem of wide-angle SAR imaging from data with arbitrary frequency-band omissions. We propose an approach that involves composite image formation through combination of subaperture images, as well as point-enhanced, superresolution image reconstruction. This framework provides a number of desirable features including preservation of anisotropic scatterers that do not persist over the full wide-angle aperture; robustness to bandwidth limitations and frequency-band omissions; as well as a characterization of the aspect dependence of scatterers. We present experimental results based on the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) "Backhoe Data Dome," demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Spatial Distribution of the Electric Potential From Photosystem I Reaction Centers in Lipid Vesicles (2008)

Photosynthetic reaction centers are integral membrane complexes that produce a net transmembrane charge separation in response to light. The Photosystem I (PSI) complex is a thoroughly studied reaction center that has been proposed as a nanoscale photovoltaic structure in diverse applications, including activation of excitable cells by triggering of voltage-gated ion channels. An electrostatic model of a spherical lipid vesicle embedded with PSI and suspended in an aqueous medium is presented. The distribution of the electric potential is obtained by solving the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann equation with the finite-element method. The model predicts a maximum potential difference of 1.3 V between charges. This value depends mostly on the intrinsic dielectric constants of the reaction center and distance between charges. However, the potential distribution near the reaction center depends on the ionic strength of the aqueous medium. When the ionic strength is zero, the vesicle develops a transmembrane potential that increases linearly with the density of reaction centers. When the ionic strength increases, this potential difference approaches to zero. The main results of the simulations are consistent with previously reported experimental data. Based on the presented results, the potential application of PSI to light activation of voltage-gated ion channels is discussed.
Amino Acid Sequence of Porcine Cardiac Muscle Troponin C1 (1989)

Troponin C is the Ca2+-receptive protein located on the thin filament of striated and cardiac muscle. We have determined the amino acid sequence of troponin C obtained from porcine cardiac muscle by sequencing and aligning the lysyl endopeptidase and Staphylococcus aureus V-8 protease peptides. It was composed of 161 amino acid residues with a blocked N-terminus. The sequence of porcine cardiac troponin C was identical with that of bovine cardiac troponin C.
Measurement of Spontaneous Transfer and Transbilayer Movement of BODIPY-Labeled Lipids in Lipid Vesicles (1997)

An assay was developed to study the spontaneous transfer and transbilayer movement (flip−flop) of lipid analogs labeled with the fluorescent fatty acid, 5-(5,7-dimethyl BODIPY)-1-pentanoic acid (C5-DMB-) in large unilamellar lipid vesicles comprised of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC). The assay is based on the concentration-dependent changes in fluorescence intensity that occur when donor vesicles containing a C5-DMB-lipid are mixed with nonfluorescent acceptor vesicles. A kinetic model was developed to describe the time-dependent changes in concentration of a lipid undergoing both spontaneous transfer between unilamellar vesicles and transbilayer movement within the vesicle membranes, and a mathematical solution was obtained. Data were obtained using C5-DMB-labeled analogs of sphingomyelin (C5-DMB-SM), ceramide (C5-DMB-Cer), phosphatidylcholine (C5-DMB-PC), and diacylglycerol (C5-DMB-DAG), and kinetic parameters for each lipid were determined using a nonlinear least-squares fitting program. The half-times for interbilayer transfer of the lipids were C5-DMB-SM (21 s) < C5-DMB-PC (350 s) ≈ C5-DMB-Cer (400 s) ≪ C5-DMB-DAG (100 h). C5-DMB-Cer (t1/2 ≈ 22 min) and C5-DMB-DAG (t1/2 ≈ 70 ms) exhibited rapid spontaneous transbilayer movement, while C5-DMB-SM (t1/2 ≈ 3.3 h) and C5-DMB-PC (t1/2 ≈ 7.5 h) moved across the bilayer very slowly. These results provide a basis for interpreting the behavior of these lipid analogs in cells.
Set on noteS: Palindromes and Other Symmetry in the Music of Viktor Ullmann (2013)

Viktor Ullmann (1898–1944), a pupil of Arnold Schoenberg, not only studied with the Viennese master but also developed significant personal and professional relationships with many of those closely associated with him, most notably Alexander Zemlinsky and Alban Berg. Evidence of the far-reaching influence of Schoenberg and his circle is found in Ullmann’s creation of coherence and structure through symmetry—a primary unifying feature throughout his music. While he grappled with issues of tonality and atonality, varying the extent to which he integrated the two, he remained consistent in using symmetry throughout his ouevre. We see symmetry playing a role in his earliest works, represented by the Variationen und Doppelfuge über ein Thema von Arnold Schoenberg of 1925; his middle-period works, including the first and third piano sonatas (1936 and 1940, respectively); and the Theresienstadt works, including the melodrama Die Weise von Liebe und Tod des Cornets Christoph Rilke and Piano Sonata No. 7 (both written in 1944, the year of his death). The most significant type of symmetry found consistently in Ullmann’s music is “mirror” symmetry, which is created about a specific focal pitch or pair of pitches. This symmetry typically works in pitch space, both on the surface and as larger structural features of Ullmann’s music. An exploration of Ullmann’s use of symmetry, specifically in the context of the Second Viennese School, not only demonstrates the impact of Schoenberg and his circle but—more importantly—reveals how Ullmann’s use of symmetry is distinct from that of his models. This article is part of a special, serialized feature: A Music-Theoretical Matrix: Essays in Honor of Allen Forte (Part IV).
Calf rennet lysozyme (1982)

A glycosidase displaying endo-N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase specificity (EC 3.2.1.17) was isolated from calf rennet. This lysozyme was also present in abomasal secretions from calf and adult cattle. Multiple molecular forms revealed by electrofocusing might be artefacts. The main enzyme form had Mr approx. 15 000, pH optimum 5.0, pI7.5, and a remarkable conformation stability. Competitive inhibition was observed with both N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid, with apparent Ki values of 29 mM and 2.4 mM respectively. The isolated enzyme also displayed significant chitinase activity.
Ca2+-sensitive phosphoinositide hydrolysis is activated in synovial cells but not in articular chondrocytes (1999)

Cell-to-cell diffusion of second messengers across intercellular channels allows tissues to co-ordinate responses to extracellular stimuli. Intercellular diffusion of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, locally produced by focal stimulations, sustains the propagation of intercellular Ca(2+) waves, by stimulating the release of intracellular Ca(2+) in neighbouring cells. We previously demonstrated that in cultured articular chondrocytes and HIG-82 synovial cells, studied with digitial fluorescence video imaging, mechanical stimulation of a single cell induced intercellular Ca(2+) waves dependent on the presence of gap junctions. In the absence of extracellular Ca(2+) the propagating distance of the wave decreased significantly in HIG-82 cells, but appeared unaffected in chondrocytes. We now show that both cells types express connexin 43 and a similar functional coupling, thus suggesting that the different Ca(2+) sensitivity of intercellular waves is not due to major differences in gap junction constituent proteins. In HIG-82 synoviocytes, but not in chondrocytes, the Ca(2+) ionophore ionomycin stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in a concentration-dependent manner, an effect strictly dependent on the presence of extracellular Ca(2+), suggesting the expression, in these cells, of a Ca(2+)-sensitive phospholipase C activity. Such an activity could be stimulated also by Ca(2+) influx induced by P(2Y) receptor activation and considerably amplifies ATP-induced inositol phosphate (InsP) production. In contrast, Ca(2+) influx did not affect considerably the response of chondrocytes to ATP stimulation. In HIG-82 cells, the combined application of ionomycin and ATP maximally stimulated InsP synthesis, suggesting the involvement of two independent mechanisms in inositol phosphate generation. These results suggest that in HIG-82 synovial cells the recruitment of a Ca(2+)-sensitive phospholipase C activity could amplify the cell response to a focally applied extracellular stimulus, thus providing a positive feedback mechanism for intercellular wave propagation.
A CONVENIENT METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF δ-ALKOXY-α,β-UNSATURATED ALDEHYDES BY REACTION OF ACETALS WITH 1-TRIMETHYLSILOXY-1,3-BUTADIENE (1975)

Abstract ZIt was found that, in the presence of TiCl4,1-trimethylsiloxy-1,3-butadiene (II) reacts with acetals(I) to give δ-alkoxy-δ,β-unsaturated aldehydes in good yields. This reaction provides a novel method for the introduction of–CH2–CH=CH-CHO unit to an electrophile as acetal activated by TiCl4.
Diabetes intervention in the information age (1996)

Sustained improvement in blood glucose control is the only treatment outcome which will reduce or eliminate the long term complications of diabetes mellitus. We have designed and evaluated an electronic information system which facilitates this task. The system is voice-interactive, physician directed and affords, to remote patients, 24 h access via touch-tone telephone. Accordingly, patients access the system each day to report self-measured blood glucose levels or hypoglycaemic symptoms together with dietary changes, planned exercise, stress, illness or other lifestyle events. In turn they receive immediate advice with respect to medication dosing changes, and other pertinent feedback. Preliminary system beta-testing for safety and efficacy was performed for one year in an open study of 204 patients derived from two independent, health-care environments. Among the two testing centres, over 60,000 telephone cells were received by the computer systems during the start-up year. Safety and efficacy expectations were met. In addition, prevalence of diabetes related crises (hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia) fell approximately 3-fold. Glycated haemoglobin fell significantly (1.0-1.3%) in patients actively using the system. In control groups of patients not actively using the system, there were no improvements in metabolic control while body weights were stable in all groups. The new system was safe and effective in our hands and empowered our health professionals to provide improved diabetes care.
Online Stereo Measurement System for a Sand Mold (2006)

A stereo camera method for 3D shape measurement is widely used in various fields. The reason is that the method can obtain 3D data of a shape of an object within very short time without contact with the object. But search process for finding a stereo pair image takes much time, and it is the weakest point of the method. If we can estimate an area where one of the pair image exists, stereo search can be performed quickly and total time for a 3D shape reconstruction is shortened. In this paper we apply the stereo method to a sand mold measurement. In order to realize fast searching, we propose using a CAD model of a metal mold for the sand mold. The experimental results show that a flat part of the mold is reconstructed within 500 msec with the accuracy of 10 mum. On the other hand, the simulation results show that two sets of the stereo camera are needed to reconstruct a cylindrical part within the required accuracy
Megasupramolecules for safer, cleaner fuel by end association of long telechelic polymers (2015)

We used statistical mechanics to design polymers that defy conventional wisdom by self-assembling into "megasupramolecules" (≥5000 kg/mol) at low concentration (≤0.3 weight percent). Theoretical treatment of the distribution of individual subunits—end-functional polymers—among cyclic and linear supramolecules (ring-chain equilibrium) predicts that megasupramolecules can form at low total polymer concentration if, and only if, the backbones are long (>400 kg/mol) and end-association strength is optimal. Viscometry and scattering measurements of long telechelic polymers having polycyclooctadiene backbones and acid or amine end groups verify the formation of megasupramolecules. They control misting and reduce drag in the same manner as ultralong covalent polymers. With individual building blocks short enough to avoid hydrodynamic chain scission (weight-average molecular weights of 400 to 1000 kg/mol) and reversible linkages that protect covalent bonds, these megasupramolecules overcome the obstacles of shear degradation and engine incompatibility.