gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Collaborative plans for group activities (1993)

The original formulation of SharedPlans [Grosz and Sidner, 1990] was developed to provide a model of collaborative planning in which it was not necessary for one agent to have intentions toward an act of a different agent. This formulation provided for two agents to coordinate their activities without introducing any notion of jointly held intentions (or, &apos;weintentions&apos;). However, it only treated activities that directly decomposed into single agents actions. In this paper we provide a revised and expanded version of SharedPlans that accommodates actions involving groups of agents as well as complex actions that decompose into multi-agent actions. The new definitions also allow for contracting out certain actions, and provide a model with the features required in Bratman&apos;s account of shared cooperative activity [Bratman, 1992]. A reformulation of the model of individual plans that meshes with the definition of SharedPlans is also provided. 1
Wnt activation promotes neuronal differentiation of Glioblastoma (2013)

One of the biggest challenges in tumour research is the possibility to reprogram cancer cells towards less aggressive phenotypes. In this study, we reprogrammed primary Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-derived cells towards a more differentiated and less oncogenic phenotype by activating the Wnt pathway in a hypoxic microenvironment. Hypoxia usually correlates with malignant behaviours in cancer cells, but it has been recently involved, together with Wnt signalling, in the differentiation of embryonic and neural stem cells. Here, we demonstrate that treatment with Wnt ligands, or overexpression of β-catenin, mediate neuronal differentiation and halt proliferation in primary GBM cells. An hypoxic environment cooperates with Wnt-induced differentiation, in line with our finding that hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is instrumental and required to sustain the expression of β-catenin transcriptional partners TCF-1 and LEF-1. In addition, we also found that Wnt-induced GBM cell differentiation inhibits Notch signalling, and thus gain of Wnt and loss of Notch cooperate in the activation of a pro-neuronal differentiation program. Intriguingly, the GBM sub-population enriched of cancer stem cells (CD133(+) fraction) is the primary target of the pro-differentiating effects mediated by the crosstalk between HIF-1α, Wnt, and Notch signalling. By using zebrafish transgenics and mutants as model systems to visualize and manipulate in vivo the Wnt pathway, we confirm that Wnt pathway activation is able to promote neuronal differentiation and inhibit Notch signalling of primary human GBM cells also in this in vivo set-up. In conclusion, these findings shed light on an unsuspected crosstalk between hypoxia, Wnt and Notch signalling in GBM, and suggest the potential to manipulate these microenvironmental signals to blunt GBM malignancy.
Architecture Reviews: Practice and Experience (2005)

Architecture reviews have evolved over the past decade to become a critical part of our continuing efforts to improve the state of affairs. We use them to identify project problems before they become costly to fix and to provide timely information to upper management so that they can make better-informed decisions. It provides the foundation for reuse, using commercially available software, and getting to the marketplace fast. The reviews also help identify best practices to projects and socialize such practices across the organization, thereby improving the organization's quality and operations.
Mammalian Mitochondria Possess Homologous DNA Recombination Activity (1996)

Mitochondrial protein extracts from normal and immortalized mammalian somatic cells catalyze homologous recombination of plasmid DNA substrates. Mitochondrial homologous recombination activity required exogenous adenosine triphosphate, although substantial activity remained when non-hydrolyzable analogs were used instead. There was no requirement for added nucleoside triphosphates, and the reaction was not inhibited by dideoxyadenosine triphosphate or aphidicolin. The majority of recombinant plasmid molecules result from a conservative process, indicating that nuclease-mediated strand-annealing is not responsible for the mitochondrial homologous recombination activity. Affinity-purified anti-recA antibodies inhibited the reaction, suggesting that activity is dependent on a mammalian mitochondrial homolog of the bacterial strand-transferase protein. The presence of homologous recombination activity within mammalian mitochondrial extracts suggests that this process is involved in mitochondrial DNA repair.
Glucose Regulates Steady-state Levels of PDX1 via the Reciprocal Actions of GSK3 and AKT Kinases (2009)

The pancreatic beta cell is sensitive to even small changes in PDX1 protein levels; consequently, Pdx1 haploinsufficiency can inhibit beta cell growth and decrease insulin biosynthesis and gene expression, leading to compromised glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Using metabolic labeling of primary islets and a cultured beta cell line, we show that glucose levels modulate PDX1 protein phosphorylation at a novel C-terminal GSK3 consensus that maps to serines 268 and 272. A decrease in glucose levels triggers increased turnover of the PDX1 protein in a GSK3-dependent manner, such that PDX1 phosphomutants are refractory to the destabilizing effect of low glucose. Glucose-stimulated activation of AKT and inhibition of GSK3 decrease PDX1 phosphorylation and delay degradation. Furthermore, direct pharmacologic inhibition of AKT destabilizes, and inhibition of GSK3 increases PDX1 protein stability. These studies define a novel functional role for the PDX1 C terminus in mediating the effects of glucose and demonstrate that glucose modulates PDX1 stability via the AKT-GSK3 axis.
Laser-induced temperature jump and time-resolved x-ray powder diffraction on phospholipid phase transitions (2007)

Temperature-jump x-ray small-angle powder diffraction was used to investigate the kinetics and structural mechanism of the thermotropic phase transitions of a phosphatidylethanolamine (1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-3-phosphatidylethanolamine)/water system. Am Erbium laser (λ=1.5 µm) with a pulse energy of 2 J delivered in 2 ms was used for rapid heating, leading to a T-jump of about 12°C. The small-angle diffraction pattern was detected with 1 ms resolution during the relaxation following the T-jump. The results showed that the L β−L α transition (∼ 29°C) is at least as fast as the heating time (2 ms). The lamellar-to-hexagonal (L α − H Π) transition was found to be considerably slower with a half-time in the order of 100 ms. Both transitions were found to be two-state, with the phase structures coexisting during the transition and without detectable nonlamellar intermediates.
Network‐based prediction of protein function (2007)

Functional annotation of proteins is a fundamental problem in the post-genomic era. The recent availability of protein interaction networks for many model species has spurred on the development of computational methods for interpreting such data in order to elucidate protein function. In this review, we describe the current computational approaches for the task, including direct methods, which propagate functional information through the network, and module-assisted methods, which infer functional modules within the network and use those for the annotation task. Although a broad variety of interesting approaches has been developed, further progress in the field will depend on systematic evaluation of the methods and their dissemination in the biological community.
Morphologic and cytochemical characterization of adult lymphoid leukemias which express myeloid antigen. (1988)

Cancer and Leukemia Group B demonstrated that adults with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) possessing blast cells with myeloid antigens (My+ALL), as identified by monoclonal antibodies against CD13 and CD33, have a worse prognosis than those lacking myeloid antigens (My-ALL). Consequently, we further studied this group of adults with ALL to determine if these immunological groups could be distinguished by morphological and cytochemical criteria. Bone marrow films were classified according to French-American-British Co-operative Group Criteria, assessed for myelodysplasia, and examined for blasts with azurophilic granules. More cases of My+ALL had L2 morphology than did My-ALL (68% vs. 49%, p = 0.04), and more cases of My+ALL were positive for acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (61% vs. 31%, p = 0.03). The presence of myelodysplastic changes was not significantly different in My+ALL (13%) as compared to My-ALL (5%), but more cases of My+ALL had unusual blasts (monocytoid features and cytoplasmic buds) than did My-ALL (19% vs. 0%, p less than 0.01). In addition, more cases of My+ALL had greater than 5% of the blasts with azurophilic granules (42% vs. 13%, p = 0.01). In the My+ALL group the presence of azurophilic granules was associated with a longer median survival (13.5 months vs. 1.5 months, p less than 0.01). We conclude that My+ALL can be suspected when cases possess L2 morphology, unusual blasts, positive staining for acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, and greater than 5% azurophilic granules. In addition, the poor risk group (My+ALL) can be further subdivided into better and poorer risk subgroups based on the presence of azurophilic granules.
Melt Blown Dies: A Hot Innovation Spot (2002)

Melt blown (MB) technology requires precisely engineered and user-friendly equipment for successful new product development. Many significant efforts have been made to fully understand the technology and to improve the equipment by researchers and engineers around the world. The die assembly has always been the hot innovation spot in the history of melt blown technology developments. Among more than 210 U.S. patents related to melt blowing technology, approximately one-third of them are about hardware equipment and over 30 patents are on MB die assembly; the assembly consists of a polymer feed distribution system, a nose-piece and two adjustable air knives in many cases. Most of them are utility patents having the following three characteristics: novelty, utility and non-obviousness. In this paper, I will discuss selected patents in the MB history chronologically and focus on their novelty.
Shallow Stratigraphic Variations Over Gulf Coast Structures: Discussion (1938)

Abstract The geological implications of the geophysical interpretations here presented are impressive in number and in their coordination. An important test of a scientific discovery is that it reveal a coordination of features not previously seen to be related.
Joint Server Selection and Routing for Geo-replicated Services (2013)

The performance and costs of geo-replicated online services depend on which data centers handle user requests, and which wide-area paths carry traffic. To provide good performance at reasonable cost, service providers adapt the mapping of user requests to data centers (e.g., through DNS), and routing of responses back to users (i.e., through multi-homed route control). Mapping and routing are typically managed independently, with mapping having limited visibility into routing decisions, response path latencies, and bandwidth costs. However, poor visibility and uncoordinated decision-making can lead to worse performance and higher costs when compared to a joint decision. In this paper, we argue that mapping and routing should continue to operate modularly, but cooperate towards service-wide performance and cost goals. Our main contribution is a distributed algorithm to steer cooperating, yet functionally separate, mapping and routing provably towards a globally optimal operating point. Trace-based evaluations on an operational CDN show that the algorithm converges to within 1% of optimum in 3-6 iterations.
A Fluorescent α-Factor Analogue Exhibits Multiple Steps on Binding to Its G Protein Coupled Receptor in Yeast (2004)

The yeast alpha-factor receptor encoded by the STE2 gene is a member of the extended family of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) involved in a wide variety of signal transduction pathways. We report here the use of a fluorescent alpha-factor analogue [K(7)(NBD), Nle(12)] alpha-factor (Lys(7) (7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl), norleucine(12) alpha-factor) in conjunction with flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy to study binding of ligand to the receptor. Internalization of the fluorescent ligand following receptor binding can be monitored by fluorescence microscopy. The use of flow cytometry to detect binding of the fluorescent ligand to intact yeast cells provides a sensitive and reproducible assay that can be conducted at low cell densities and is relatively insensitive to fluorescence of unbound and nonspecifically bound ligand. Using this assay, we determined that some receptor alleles expressed in cells lacking the G protein alpha subunit exhibit a higher equilibrium binding affinity for ligand than the same alleles expressed in isogenic cells containing the normal complement of G protein subunits. On the basis of time-dependent changes in the intensity and shape of the emission spectrum of [K(7)(NBD),Nle(12)] alpha-factor during binding, we infer that the ligand associates with receptors via a two-step process involving an initial interaction that places the fluorophore in a hydrophobic environment, followed by a conversion to a state in which the fluorophore moves to a more polar environment.
Locking in photosensitivity within optical fiber and planar waveguides by ultraviolet preexposure (1999)

Strong photosensitivity is locked in permanently after hydrogen outdiffusion of hydrogen-loaded waveguides presensitized with UV light by either pulsed 193-nm or cw 244-nm laser output.
Differentiation of Podocyte and Proximal Tubule-Like Cells from a Mouse Kidney-Derived Stem Cell Line (2011)

In this study we have shown that the papilla of the mouse kidney contains a population of Pax2+ cells that are detectable from the early postnatal period through to adulthood. Lineage analysis suggests that some of these Pax2+ cells are derived from the metanephric mesenchyme, a population of progenitor cells that gives rise to the nephrons during kidney organogenesis. Here we describe a method for isolating and culturing the Pax2+ population, and demonstrate that some cells within this population are multipotent stem cells, as they are clonogenic and appear to undergo unlimited self-renewal. Further, under appropriate culture conditions, these stem cells can differentiate to generate renal cell types, such as podocyte- and proximal tubule-like cells, and are also able to generate nonrenal cell types, such as adipocytes and osteocytes. The availability of a kidney-derived multipotent stem cell line with the potential to generate podocytes and proximal tubule cells in culture will expedite progress in understanding the biology of these important renal cell types, and will be a useful tool in toxicological studies and drug discovery.
Isolation and characterisation of a cDNA encoding rat mitochondrial GrpE, a stress‐inducible nucleotide‐exchange factor of ubiquitous appearance in mammalian organs (1996)

In contrast to the E. coli chaperones DnaK, GroEL and GroES, cDNAs encoding mitochondrial homologues of DnaJ and GrpE from higher eukaryotes have yet to be reported. Based on peptide sequences, we have isolated a cDNA encoding a 217 residue nuclear encoded precursor of rat mitochondrial GrpE (mt-GrpE) including a typical mitochondrial presequence of 27 residues. Western blotting revealed that the 21 kDa GrpE homologue is present exclusively in the mitochondrial fraction where it comprises only approximately 0.03% of the total soluble protein, while Northern blotting showed that the mt-GrpE transcript is present in most if not all organs. By contrast to other mitochondrial chaperones, the levels of mt-GrpE and its transcript in cultured cells are only marginally increased in response to the proline analog L-azetidine 2-carboxylic acid but not by heat shock. Furthermore, members of the GrpE family exhibit a much lower degree of sequence identity than do the well studied members of the Hsp70, Hsp60 and Hsp10 families.
Humanoids and personal robots: Design and experiments (2001)

Abstract This paper addresses the field of humanoid and personal robotics—its objectives, motivations, and technical problems. The approach described in the paper is based on the analysis of humanoid and personal robots as an evolution from industrial to advanced and service robotics driven by the need for helpful machines, as well as a synthesis of the dream of replicating humans. The first part of the paper describes the development of anthropomorphic components for humanoid robots, with particular regard to anthropomorphic sensors for vision and touch, an eight‐d.o.f. arm, a three‐fingered hand with sensorized fingertips, and control schemes for grasping. Then, the authors propose a user‐oriented design methodology for personal robots, and describe their experience in the design, development, and validation of a real personal robot composed of a mobile unit integrating some of the anthropomorphic components introduced previously and aimed at operating in a distributed working environment. Based on the analysis of experimental results, the authors conclude that humanoid robotics is a tremendous and attractive technical and scientific challenge for robotics research. The real utility of humanoids has still to be demonstrated, but personal assistance can be envisaged as a promising application domain. Personal robotics also poses difficult technical problems, especially related to the need for achieving adequate safety, proper human–robot interaction, useful performance, and affordable cost. When these problems are solved, personal robots will have an excellent chance for significant application opportunities, especially if integrated into future home automation systems, and if supported by the availability of humanoid robots. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The kinetics of allergen-induced transcription of messenger RNA for monocyte chemotactic protein-3 and RANTES in the skin of human atopic subjects: relationship to eosinophil, T cell, and macrophage recruitment. (1995)

The C-C chemokines RANTES and monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (MCP-3) are potent chemoattractants in vitro for eosinophils and other cell types associated with allergic reactions. We tested the hypothesis that the allergen-induced infiltration of eosinophils, T cells, and macrophages in the skin of atopic subjects is accompanied by the appearance of mRNA+ cells for RANTES and MCP-3. Cryostat sections were obtained from skin biopsies from six subjects 6, 24, and 48 h after allergen challenge. Tissue was processed for immunocytochemistry (ICC) and for in situ hybridization using 35S-labeled riboprobes for RANTES and MCP-3. In contrast to diluent controls, allergen provoked a significant increase in mRNA+ cells for MCP-3, which peaked at 6 h and progressively declined at 24 and 48 h. This paralleled the kinetics of total (major basic protein positive [MBP]+) and activated (cleaved form of eosinophil cationic protein [EG2]+) eosinophil infiltration. The allergen-induced expression of cells mRNA+ for RANTES was also clearly demonstrable at 6 h. However, the numbers were maximal at 24 h and declined slightly at the 48-h time point. The number of mRNA+ cells for RANTES paralleled the kinetics of infiltration of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells whereas the number of CD68+ macrophages was still increasing at 48 h. These data support the view that MCP-3 is involved in the regulation of the early eosinophil response to specific allergen, whereas RANTES may have more relevance to the later accumulation of T cells and macrophages.
New Molecular Targets for PET and SPECT Imaging in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2012)

The pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases (ND) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) has not yet been completely elucidated. However, in the past few years, there have been great knowledge advances about intra-and extracellular proteins that may display impaired function or expression in AD, PD and other ND, such as amyloid beta (Aβ), α-synuclein, tau protein and neuroinflammatory markers. Recent developments in the imaging techniques of positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) now allow the non-invasive tracking of such molecular targets of known relevance to ND in vivo. This article summarizes recent findings of PET and SPECT studies using these novel methods, and discusses their potential role in the field of drug development for ND as well as future clinical applications in regard to differential diagnosis of ND and monitoring of disease progression.
Ultrastructural Analysis of Metallic Debris and Tissue Reaction Around Spinal Implants in Patients With Late Operative Site Pain (2004)

This study produced useful information regarding the production and distribution of particulate metallic debris around stainless steel spinal implants.
讀《滿洲國の實相與幻象》 中史 : 「小和解」工具? (2017)

近日香港突然喜歡談「大和解」，但似乎只屬奢望，與政治現實脫節，不要說建制與反對派的矛盾，就連各自陣營內的撕裂，也只是日益激烈。忽發奇想，「大和解」不行，可以考慮「小和解」嗎？我倒不是說要特首或反對派做什麼新舉動，例如特赦或再搞個淺黄加淺藍的薯粉共主，我們不妨在一些不經不覺間已有起碼共識的小議題出發。
[Medical observations in feeding rations consisting of food concentrates]. (1987)

Ten therapeutic and surgical patients aged 19-30 received rations composed of food concentrates during 9 days, their state of health was satisfactory during the whole follow-up period. The palatability of the food was highly appreciated by all the patients at the initial period of their feeding with concentrates, and the food was eaten up completely, it was only on day 7-8 that the patients complained of the "monotony" of the dishes proposed to them, especially, of milk foods. The data of the medical follow-up and physiological examination of the patients revealed no functional changes in their body. No allergic reactions were recorded. The patients were discharged from the hospital in due time.
Hurricanes as teachers. (2002)

Hurricane Floyd came ashore and raced through eastern North Carolina on September 16, 1999. Even though Floyd's effects were devastating, some home care agencies in the affected area were up and running as soon as agency employees saw daylight. This article describes one agency's experience.