gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen contents in food: a comparison between the Kjeldahl and Hach methods (2004)

The objective of the present work is to compare the nitrogen contents measured by the fast method of Hach and the traditional Kjeldahl method, allowing for the influence of the varia- tion in structure and macronutrient in the food content. Foods with a wide range of protein and moisture contents were selected. The nitrogen content of 25 food samples was measured with both methods. Some studies have compared the effectiveness of the Hach methods with that of the Kjel- dahl methods. This study emphasizes the evaluation of the digestion stage of both methods. In order to carry out an analytical quality control and to determine the accuracy and precision of both methods, two reference samples, elaborated by the Institute of Nutrition of the Univer- sity of Mahidol, Thailand, were also analyzed. One was based on fish flour and the other on a mix of cereal and soybean products. The variance and linear regression between both meth- ods were analyzed. The Tukey multiple comparison test was used to compare the means when significant differences were found in the variance analysis (Statgraphics). The correlation coefficient between the results obtained in both methods was 99%, suggesting that the Hach method can be used as an alternative to the Kjeldahl method. Despite its being slightly less accurate and precise than the Kjeldahl method, the Hach method exhibits some advantajes, such as a lower consumption of reagents, a smaller sample size and mainly, the shorter time required.
BABAR Results on the Decays B -&gt; K L+ L- and B -&gt; K* L+ L- (2002)

The authors present preliminary results on a search for the rare decays B {yields} K{ell}{sup +}{ell}{sup -} and B {yields} K*{ell}{sup +}{ell}{sup -} performed with the BABAR experiment at the PEP-II B Factory. The data set consists of approximately 60 million {Upsilon}(4S) {yields} B{bar B} decays.
Group transfer polymerization - polymerization of acrylic monomers (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGroup transfer polymerization - polymerization of acrylic monomersDotsevi Y. Sogah, Walter R. Hertler, Owen W. Webster, and Gordon M. CohenCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 7, 1473–1488Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00173a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00173a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2619Altmetric-Citations481LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Organic Nitrogen Compounds. I. Peroxide Intermediates of Tertiary Alkylamine Oxidation by Hydrogen Peroxide (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Nitrogen Compounds. I. Peroxide Intermediates of Tertiary Alkylamine Oxidation by Hydrogen PeroxideAlexis A. Oswald and Donald L. GuertinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 3, 651–657Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01038a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01038a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views801Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Calix[4]pyrrole: An Old yet New Ion‐Pair Receptor (2005)

Ditopic cation–anion binding is revealed by solid-state studies of the anion-recognition behavior of the calix[4]pyrrole unit. Anion binding causes an electron-rich conelike cavity to be formed that can then bind large polarizable cations. Furthermore, complexation of calix[4]pyrrole with cesium carbonate results in dimerization, in which a single anion bridges two calix[4]pyrroles (see the crystal structure of the Cs2CO3 complex). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z462945_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Development of Durable Platinum Nanocatalyst on Carbon Nanotubes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2010)

Platinum nanocatalyst on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with citric acid (CA) was synthesized by a two-phase approach to transfer from aqueous to organic phase. Pt-thiol ligand-based Pt/MWCNTs were fabricated with the presence of dodecanethiol (DDT). A homogeneous distribution as well as a uniform particle size of Pt particle was achieved by optimizing the CA and DDT contents. Pt/MWCNTs were examined by a high resolution transmission electron microscope for particle size and distribution. The Pt/MWCNT-based electrodes were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for cell resistance and cyclic voltammetry (CV) for durability evaluation using humidified and gases at . The single-cell fuel cell performance with 0.2 (anode) and 0.4 mg (cathode) evaluated using Nafion 212 electrolyte showed a power density of about with and gases. The electrochemically active surface area, as measured by CV between 0.1 and 1.2 V, showed no degradation up to 1500 cycles for Pt/MWCNTs, showing exceptional durability.
Inverse-Dynamics Based State and Disturbance Observers for Linear Time-Invariant Systems (2002)

An output-feedback observer is proposed in this paper to simultaneously estimate unknown states and disturbances of linear time invariant systems. The states are estimated using a Luenberger-like observer while the disturbance signals are estimated based on an inverse-dynamics motivated algorithm. The proposed schemes can be applied to a wide variety of disturbances since no disturbance model is required in the estimation. Depending on the input/output rank conditions of the plant, two different designs are proposed. The observer gains are selected based on sufficient conditions for exponentially converging estimation. The design procedure is illustrated step-by-step by using two examples: a hypothetical problem and the ground vehicle lateral speed estimation problem. A standard H∞-filter is used as the benchmark to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
Asynchronous Accumulation of <i>Lettuce Infectious Yellows Virus</i> RNAs 1 and 2 and Identification of an RNA 1 <i>trans</i> Enhancer of RNA 2 Accumulation (2000)

Time course and mutational analyses were used to examine the accumulation in protoplasts of progeny RNAs of the bipartite Crinivirus, Lettuce infectious yellow virus (LIYV; family Closteroviridae). Hybridization analyses showed that simultaneous inoculation of LIYV RNAs 1 and 2 resulted in asynchronous accumulation of progeny LIYV RNAs. LIYV RNA 1 progeny genomic and subgenomic RNAs could be detected in protoplasts as early as 12 h postinoculation (p.i.) and accumulated to high levels by 24 h p.i. The LIYV RNA 1 open reading frame 2 (ORF 2) subgenomic RNA was the most abundant of all LIYV RNAs detected. In contrast, RNA 2 progeny were not readily detected until ca. 36 h p.i. Mutational analyses showed that in-frame stop codons introduced into five of seven RNA 2 ORFs did not affect accumulation of progeny LIYV RNA 1 or RNA 2, confirming that RNA 2 does not encode proteins necessary for LIYV RNA replication. Mutational analyses also supported that LIYV RNA 1 encodes proteins necessary for replication of LIYV RNAs 1 and 2. A mutation introduced into the LIYV RNA 1 region encoding the overlapping ORF 1B and ORF 2 was lethal. However, mutations introduced into only LIYV RNA 1 ORF 2 resulted in accumulation of progeny RNA 1 near or equal to wild-type RNA 1. In contrast, the RNA 1 ORF 2 mutants did not efficiently support the trans accumulation of LIYV RNA 2. Three distinct RNA 1 ORF 2 mutants were analyzed and all exhibited a similar phenotype for progeny LIYV RNA accumulation. These data suggest that the LIYV RNA 1 ORF 2 encodes a trans enhancer for RNA 2 accumulation.
<title>Alias reduction and resolution enhancement by a temporal accumulation of registered data from focal plane array sensors</title> (2000)

The size and dimensions of a focal plane array do not necessarily limit the achievable resolution of a digital imaging camera if such a camera can make repeated exposures of a scene where all such exposures differ by some perspective transformation. This paper outlines a generalized reconstruction approach that does not depend on controlled micro dithering of the camera, nor requires the set of exposures to maintain a strictly uniform translation.
On fuzzy neuron models (2002)

A contribution to the theoretical development of fuzzy neural network theory is presented. Three types of fuzzy neuron models are proposed. Neuron I is described by logical equations of 'if-then' rules; its inputs are either fuzzy sets or crisp values. Neuron II, with numerical inputs, and neuron III, with fuzzy inputs, are considered to be simple extensions of non-fuzzy neurons. A few methods of how these neurons change themselves during learning to improve their performance are also given. The application of the non-fuzzy neural network approach to fuzzy information processing is briefly discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Secondary structure content (%) as determined by K2D2 software from the Far-UV CD spectra as given in Figure 6A. (2016)

<p>Secondary structure content (%) as determined by K2D2 software from the Far-UV CD spectra as given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0049241#pone-0049241-g006" target="_blank">Figure 6A</a>.</p>
A Computationally Based Identification Algorithm for Estrogen Receptor Ligands: Part 2. Evaluation of a hERalpha Binding Affinity Model (2000)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of an expert system described in the previous paper (S. Bradbury et al., Toxicol. Sci. 58, 253-269) to identify the potential for chemicals to act as ligands of mammalian estrogen receptors (ERs). The basis of the expert system was a structure activity relationship (SAR) model, based on relative binding affinity (RBA) values for steroidal and nonsteroidal chemicals derived from human ERalpha (hERalpha) competitive binding assays. The expert system enables categorization of chemicals into (RBA ranges of < 0.1, 0.1 to 1, 1 to 10, 10 to 100, and >150% relative to 17ss-estradiol. In the current analysis, the algorithm was evaluated with respect to predicting RBAs of chemicals assayed with ERs from MCF7 cells, and mouse and rat uterine preparations. The best correspondence between predicted and observed RBA ranges was obtained with MCF7 cells. The agreement between predictions from the expert system and data from binding assays with mouse and rat ER(s) were less reliable, especially for chemicals with RBAs less than 10%. Prediction errors often were false positives, i.e., predictions of greater than observed RBA values. While discrepancies were likely due, in part, to species-specific variations in ER structure and ligand binding affinity, a systematic bias in structural characteristics of chemicals in the hERalpha training set, compared to the rodent evaluation data sets, also contributed to prediction errors. False-positive predictions were typically associated with ligands that had shielded electronegative sites. Ligands with these structural characteristics were not well represented in the training set used to derive the expert system. Inclusion of a shielding criterion into the original expert system significantly increased the accuracy of RBA predictions. With this additional structural requirement, 38 of 46 compounds with measured RBA values greater than 10% in hERalpha, MCF7, and rodent uterine preparations were correctly categorized. Of the remaining 129 compounds in the combined data sets, RBA values for 65 compounds were correctly predicted, with 47 of the incorrect predictions being false positives. Based upon this exploratory analysis, the modeling approach, combined with a high-quality training set of RBA values derived from a diverse set of chemical structures, could provide a credible tool for prioritizing chemicals with moderate to high ER binding affinity for subsequent in vitro or in vivo assessments.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Transformation Reactions. Part 1. Conversion of 6‐Aryl‐5‐( methylthio)‐2‐oxo‐2H‐pyran‐3‐carbonitriles to Pyrazoles. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A test methodology for VLSI chips on silicon (2002)

This paper describes a methodology developed to test high performance VLSI CMOS ICs that have been mounted onto a multichip silicon substrate. After a brief description of the package technology itself, the necessary elements of an ideal test methodology are provided, along with a description of the drawbacks of existing methods. The test strategy developed, covering test from the wafer level, unpopulated substrate, and populated substrate, is then detailed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human T lymphocyte subpopulations defined by Fc receptors and monoclonal antibodies. A comparison. (1980)

Human T cell subpopulations have been defined on the basis of differential expression of either Fc receptors or specific cell-surface antigens. In this study, we utilized a series of monoclonal antibodies reactive with T cells, monocytes, and Ia antigens to characterize isolated subpopulations of T cells bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (T gamma) and subpopulations of T cells bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgM T mu. The results showed that the T mu population contained both inducer (OKT4+) and cytotoxic/suppressor (OKT5+) populations and was similar to the unfractionated T cell population, whereas the T gamma subset contained few T lymphocytes (OKT3+) and was not enriched for either T cell subset defined by these monoclonal antibodies. Rather, the T gamma population was comprised largely of Ia- cells possessing a monocyte antigen (OKM1+). In reciprocal studies, it was found that both isolated OKT4+ and OKT5+ T cell subsets contained few T gamma cells, whereas both subsets were mainly comprised of T mu cells. We conclude that there is little correlation between T cell subsets defined by these monoclonal antibodies and those defined by Fc receptors.
A more cost effective algorithm for finding perfect hash functions (1989)

As the use of knowledge-based systems increases, there will be a growing need for efficient artificial intelligence systems and methods to access large lexicons. In the COmposite Document Expert/extended/effective Retrieval (CODER) system we have, in order to provide rapid access to data items on CD-ROMs and to terms in a lexicon built from machine readable dictionaries, investigated the construction of perfect hash functions. We have considered algorithms reported earlier in the literature, have made numerous enhancements to them, have developed new algorithms, and here report on some of our results. This paper covers an O(n3) algorithm that has been applied to building hash functions for a collection of 69806 words on a CD-ROM. Most recently we have developed a much better algorithm and have succeeded in finding a perfect hash function for a set of 130,199 words taken from sources including the Collins English Dictionary.
Adiabatically prepared spin‐lock approach for T1ρ‐based dynamic glucose enhanced MRI at ultrahigh fields (2016)

An adiabatically prepared spin-lock preparation was presented that enables a homogeneous and chemical exchange sensitive T<sub>1ρ</sub> -based imaging at ultra-high field whole-body scanners, e.g., for T<sub>1ρ</sub> -based dynamic glucose enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Med 78:215-225, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Parallel Symbolic Computing with the Shared Dataspace Coordination Model (1994)

Shared Prolog is a language for symbolic computing that combines distributed coordination based on a shared dataspace with sequential symbolic computation based on logic programming. Shared Prolog includes a concept of logically shared dataspace, thus introducing in parallel logic programming a coordination model different from the stream-based communication model of Flat Concurrent Prolog and Strand. We demonstrate how Shared Prolog can be used for expressing a number of different parallel symbolic computing schemata such as: pipeline, divide et impera, and distributed problem solving. We also discuss a number of topics in implementing such a programming model.
[Relationship between genetic polymorphism of GSTT1 gene and inherent susceptibility to lung cancer in Han population in Sichuan, China]. (2005)

(1) People with GSTT1(-) genotype have significantly increased risk for lung cancer in Han population in Sichuan, China, especially for squamous cell carcinoma. (2) GSTT1(-) genotype interacts synergistically with smoking on lung cancer risk. The more the cigarettes smoke, the higher the risk of lung cancer increases in those people who are smokers with GSTT1(-) genotype.
Motor unit estimates in the biceps‐brachialis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1988)

A newly developed technique for estimating the number of motor units in the biceps-brachialis muscles and for studying the innervation patterns of motor units in the same muscles has been applied to the study of 17 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although severe motor unit losses were seen in many ALS cases, in most there were clear indications of increases in innervation densities, linked potentials, and blocking. This technique provides a powerful new tool for quantitatively assessing the extent of motor unit losses and the accompanying changes in innervation patterns in ALS.
Pore Size Distributions in Clays (1970)

Abstract A knowledge of the distribution of pore sizes in clay and soil bodies is a useful element in the microstructural characterization of such materials. Pore-size distributions and total porosity of a number of reference clays, naturally-occurring subsoils, and commercial clay samples prepared in various ways were determined by mercury porosimetry. The range of equivalent pore diameter explored covered almost five orders of magnitude, from several hundred microns down to approximately 150 A. The method and its assumptions are critically evaluated, and measurements of the contact angle of mercury on clays yield values of 139° for montmorillonite and 147° for kaolinite and illite clays. The extent of shrinkage on oven-drying prior to mercury intrusion is assessed in each case and found to vary from insignificant to as much as 30 per cent of the pore space, depending on microstructural state and degree of initial saturation. The development of techniques for water removal which do not involve change in pore structure is explored. Some preliminary results for structurally weak saturated clays suggest that critical-region drying and perhaps freeze-drying procedures may be practical.
Developing a high speed beamformer using the TMS320C6201 digital signal processor (2002)

We are developing a synthetic aperture beamformer for a realtime 3D imaging system. The beamformer consists of a network of multi-processor digital signal processor (DSP) boards which provide the processing speed and flexibility required for realtime 3D beamforming. The system uses high speed memory buffers and a ribbon cable interface between DSP boards to allow channel to channel transfers to occur in parallel. Each channel has a 12 bit A/D, a C6201 DSP which calculates delayed signal values using linear interpolation, and a DSP for summing. Dividing the summing and delaying tasks reduces the input/output (I/O) burden. Restricting the A/D sampling frequency to an integer multiple of four times the center frequency of the ultrasound signal further reduces the I/O burden. An algorithm optimized for the C6201 calculates a single demodulated point in 25 ns. A multi-resolution look up table algorithm produces an 8 bit estimate of the log compressed envelope signal in less than 25 ns per point. Simulations of the radiation pattern formed using three transmit pulses show secondary lobes below -50 dB.
QT and QTc dispersion are accurate predictors of cardiac death in newly diagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetes: cohort study (1998)

tigated with respect to depressive disorders and suicide. Calcium channel blockers should be considered as a possible cause of depression and suicide Contributors: GL initiated the ecological and cohort studies, formulated the study aims, designed the layouts, organised the data collection, and participated in the statistical analysis and interpretation of results and in writing the paper. KB participated in collecting and interpreting results for the cohort study. JR participated in the statistical analysis and interpretation of the data and contributed to writing the paper. LR participated in the interpretation of the data and the writing of the paper. AM, head of the Swedish Network for Pharmacoepidemiology (NEPI), participated in the interpretation of the data and contributed to writing and editing the paper.
[Studies on chemical constituents of Phyllanthus urinaria L]. (2000)

Fourteen compounds were isolated and seven of them were identified as corilagin(I), rutin(II), brevifolincarboxylic acid(VI), isostrictiniin(IX), geraniin (X), gallic acid(XI) and ellagic acid (XII). Compound VI was found from P. urinaria for the first time and compound IX was found from genus Phyllanthus for the first time.