gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyanions — A Lost Chance in the Fight against HIV and other Virus Diseases? (2000)

Polyanions are known to exhibit potent antiviral activity in vitro, and may represent future therapeutic agents. This review summarizes literature reports, pertinent to anionic polymers as antiviral agents. The in vitro antiviral effects of numerous polyanionic compounds (sulphated polysaccharides, negatively charged serum albumin and milk proteins, synthetic sulphated polymers, polymerized anionic surfactants and polyphosphates) are described. This class of antiviral agent exhibits several unique properties that are not shared by other presently known antiviral agents: (i) a remarkable broad-spectrum antiviral activity against HIV-1, HIV-2 and a series of other enveloped viruses; (ii) the ability to inhibit syncytium formation between HIV-infected and normal CD4 T lymphocytes, a mechanism that drastically enhances HIV infectivity; and (iii) a low induction of viral drug-resistance. There is increasing evidence that polyanions interfere with the fusion process, a vital step in the viral replication cycle. The inhibition of virus-cell fusion appears to be the source of the antiviral activity of polyanions. In vivo, the pharmacological properties of polyanions result in a low bioavailability of the drugs to their viral targets, and hence a poor antiviral activity in vivo. It is suggested that polyanions must be used in combination with drug delivery systems in order to become therapeutically useful antiviral agents. Some drug delivery systems are briefly discussed.
Immunogenicity of therapeutics: a matter of efficacy and safety (2010)

The unwanted immunogenicity of protein therapeutics is of major concern because of its potential to affect patient safety and drug efficacy. Analytical testing is sophisticated and requires more than one assay. Because immunogenicity in humans is hardly predictable, assay development has to start in a timely fashion and for clinical studies immunogenicity assay validation is mandatory prior to analyzing patient serum samples. Regarding ADAs, the question remains as to when such antibodies are regarded of clinical relevance and what levels are, if at all, acceptable. In summary, the detection of ADAs should raise the awareness of the physician concerning patient safety and of the sponsor/manufacture concerning the immunogenic potential of the drug product.
Randomized SVD Methods in Hyperspectral Imaging (2012)

We present a randomized singular value decomposition (rSVD) method for the purposes of lossless compression, reconstruction, classification, and target detection with hyperspectral (HSI) data. Recent work in low‐rank matrix approximations obtained from random projections suggests that these approximations are well suited for randomized dimensionality reduction. Approximation errors for the rSVD are evaluated on HSI, and comparisons are made to deterministic techniques and as well as to other randomized low‐rank matrix approximation methods involving compressive principal component analysis. Numerical tests on real HSI data suggest that the method is promising and is particularly effective for HSI data interrogation.
Classification of Partial Discharge Measured under Different Levels of Noise Contamination (2017)

Cable joint insulation breakdown may cause a huge loss to power companies. Therefore, it is vital to diagnose the insulation quality to detect early signs of insulation failure. It is well known that there is a correlation between Partial discharge (PD) and the insulation quality. Although many works have been done on PD pattern recognition, it is usually performed in a noise free environment. Also, works on PD pattern recognition in actual cable joint are less likely to be found in literature. Therefore, in this work, classifications of actual cable joint defect types from partial discharge data contaminated by noise were performed. Five cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cable joints with artificially created defects were prepared based on the defects commonly encountered on site. Three different types of input feature were extracted from the PD pattern under artificially created noisy environment. These include statistical features, fractal features and principal component analysis (PCA) features. These input features were used to train the classifiers to classify each PD defect types. Classifications were performed using three different artificial intelligence classifiers, which include Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). It was found that the classification accuracy decreases with higher noise level but PCA features used in SVM and ANN showed the strongest tolerance against noise contamination.
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET)-Mediated Killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Evidence of Acquired Resistance within the CF Airway, Independent of CFTR (2011)

The inability of neutrophils to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa within the cystic fibrosis (CF) airway eventually results in chronic infection by the bacteria in nearly 80 percent of patients. Phagocytic killing of P. aeruginosa by CF neutrophils is impaired due to decreased cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) function and virulence factors acquired by the bacteria. Recently, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), extracellular structures composed of neutrophil chromatin complexed with granule contents, were identified as an alternative mechanism of pathogen killing. The hypothesis that NET-mediated killing of P. aeruginosa is impaired in the context of the CF airway was tested. P. aeruginosa induced NET formation by neutrophils from healthy donors in a bacterial density dependent fashion. When maintained in suspension through continuous rotation, P. aeruginosa became physically associated with NETs. Under these conditions, NETs were the predominant mechanism of killing, across a wide range of bacterial densities. Peripheral blood neutrophils isolated from CF patients demonstrated no impairment in NET formation or function against P. aeruginosa. However, isogenic clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa obtained from CF patients early and later in the course of infection demonstrated an acquired capacity to withstand NET-mediated killing in 8 of 9 isolates tested. This resistance correlated with development of the mucoid phenotype, but was not a direct result of the excess alginate production that is characteristic of mucoidy. Together, these results demonstrate that neutrophils can kill P. aeruginosa via NETs, and in vitro this response is most effective under non-stationary conditions with a low ratio of bacteria to neutrophils. NET-mediated killing is independent of CFTR function or bacterial opsonization. Failure of this response in the context of the CF airway may occur, in part, due to an acquired resistance against NET-mediated killing by CF strains of P. aeruginosa.
High resolution underwater acoustic imaging (2003)

A high resolution underwater imaging system using sparse array technology has been developed and tested in turbid waters around Australia. High resolution 3D imaging implies many voxels. The present system can image 10/sup 3//spl times/10/sup 3//spl times/4/spl times/10/sup 3/ voxels although faster images can be obtained by zooming to a smaller volume of interest. With 3D images, precise dimensions of complex shapes such as pipe joints can be obtained. Potential applications in offshore platform inspection are discussed. The longer wavelengths of MHz acoustic signals produce less scattering than light while array technology allows the imager to take advantage of pulsed ensonification to further reduce backscatter fogging of the image. The advantage of acoustics is most pronounced in very turbid waters. The MHz frequencies allow millimeter resolution with array sizes compatible with ROVs. Digitization takes place on the acoustics tile that make up the array and the signals are then passed by fiber optical cable to the above surface processor to reduce the volume and underwater weight of the system. There are a number of obstacles to producing an innovation in underwater imaging. Worries about adequate coherence lengths to support arrays capable of adequate resolution were found to be groundless. One impediment to success was the computing loads implied by multi-element arrays and large voxel numbers. To attack this problem international groups were funded to provide potential solutions and a decreasingly smaller number of groups supported at each review point. This technique has produced a lower cost approach for the underwater acoustic camera design.
Least Squares Estimation for the Digital Compensation of Tx Leakage in zero-IF Receivers (2009)

Transmitter Leakage has a significant impact on the system performance in mobile devices using zero-IF receivers and thus requires a suitable compensation. In contrast to analog approaches, digital Tx Leakage compensation approaches can easily be reconfigured and therefore are highly attractive for future mobile devices, using software defined radios. In this contribution we present a digital Tx Leakage compensation approach which uses a Least Squares estimator. The AD conversion of the Tx Leakage interference causes an additional SNR loss w.r.t. the desired received signal and thus limits the applicability of the digital Tx Leakage compensation. We show that the presented Least Squares approach reaches almost this upper limit and mitigates the Tx Leakage by 25 dB, considering a 8-bit uniform mid-rise ADC. Thus, using this approach, the system designer can allow much stronger Tx Leakage, which significantly relaxes the requirements on the linearity and the Tx-Rx isolation of the analog front end.
A P(VDF-TrFE)-based integrated ultrasonic transducer (1990)

A thin film of a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene, P(VDF-TrFE) has been deposited on top of the extended gate of an MOS transistor to make an integrated ultrasonic transducer. After spin deposition from solution onto a processed silicon wafer, the 2.5 μm thick copolymer film was locally corona-polarized to make it piezo- and pyroelectrically active. The piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties of the film have been evaluated over a frequency range of 3 Hz to 1 MHz. The response was found to be comparable with those of casted copolymer films.The ultrasonic response of the film backed by the transistor was verified in water at 10 MHz. An optimization scheme for the copolymer thin film and its interfacing transistor is presented.
A new approach to blind identification and equalization of multipath channels (2002)

A novel blind channel identification and equalization method is proposed by exploiting the cyclostationarity of communication signals. Identification and equalization of possibly nonminimum phase multipath channels are achieved without using training signals. Unlike most of the adaptive blind equalization methods for which the convergence properties are often problematic, the eigenstructure-based channel estimation algorithm proposed here is asymptotically exact. Based on the second-order properties, the proposed approach identifies nonminimum phase channels and achieves equalization with fewer samples than most techniques based on higher-order statistics. Simulations demonstrate the promising performance of the proposed algorithm in a blind equalization of a three-ray multipath channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Damping algorithm based on phasor estimation (2002)

The paper describes a new method to generate the reactance reference for a TCSC, which has been installed in order to provide damping in a power system. The knowledge of the expected oscillation frequency in the power system is used to create a coordinate system, which rotates with that frequency. In this coordinate system a phasor representing the power swing is being extracted from the input power signal. A reactance reference signal with arbitrary gain and phase shift can easily be created using the phasor. The phase of the reactance reference is preserved during limiting. Gain and phase-shift may comfortably be scheduled due to measured parameters like average power, power swing amplitude etc. Frequency compensation has been implemented, and adapts the frequency in the measuring system when a power oscillation occurs. The new approach has been implemented and successfully tested in the North-South Interconnection in Brazil in March 1999 and has been in operation since then. The scheme is applicable for PSS and other FACTS damping systems.
Biomolecule size‐dependent sensitivity of porous silicon sensors (2009)

Abstract Nanoporous materials hold great potential for improving the performance of biosensors due to their large available surface area and their capability for size‐selective infiltration. One of the principal challenges associated with the use of nanopores is achieving efficient infiltration of molecules whose size is of the same order of magnitude as the pore radius. There is an intrinsic trade‐off between ease of infiltration and level of sensor response for the detection of biomolecules in nanopores. DNA molecules of lengths between approximately 1.5 nm and 5.5 nm have been exposed to porous silicon waveguide sensors with nanopore diameters of approximately 30 nm in order to experimentally determine the size‐dependent sensitivity. While theoretical calculations that do not take into account the infiltration challenges of biomolecules in nanopores suggest that longer DNA molecules yield a stronger sensor response, experimental results show that shorter molecules produce a larger response due to their ease of infiltration. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Note: A portable pulsed neutron source based on the smallest sealed-type plasma focus device (2011)

Development and operation of a portable and compact pulsed neutron source based on sealed-type plasma focus (PF) device are reported. The unit is the smallest sealed-type neutron producing PF device. The effective volume of the PF unit is 33 cm(3) only. A compact size single capacitor (4 μF) is used as the energy driver. A battery based power supply unit is used for charging the capacitor and triggering the spark gap. The PF unit is operated at 10 kV (200 J) and at a deuterium gas filling pressure of 8 mb. The device is operated over a time span of 200 days and the neutron emissions have been observed for 200 shots without changing the gas in between the shots. The maximum yield of this device is 7.8 × 10(4) neutrons/pulse. Beyond 200 shots the yield is below the threshold (1050 neutrons/pulse) of our (3)He detector. The neutron energy is evaluated using time of flight technique and the value is (2.49 ± 0.27) MeV. The measured neutron pulse width is (24 ± 5) ns. Multishot and long duration operations envisage the potentiality of such portable device for repetitive mode of operation.
Feature extraction using Mel frequency cepstral coefficients for hyperspectral image classification (2010)

The Mel frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) model, which is widely used in speech detection and recognition, is introduced to extract features from hyperspectral image data. The similarities and differences between speech signals and spectral image data are compared and analyzed. The standard MFCC model is then improved to suit the characteristics of spectral image data by reintroducing the discarded phase information. Finally, the proposed model is applied to two real hyperspectral subimages. Experimental results show that the MFCC feature is sensitive and discriminative among reflectance spectra. It can be used as an effective feature extraction method for hyperspectral image classification.
The effect of changing waste compositions on the incineration process of Municipal Solid Wastes in packed-bed systems: a CFD approach (2007)

With the recent changes in waste management policy across many EU countries, more and more efforts are now being made on wastes recycling and minimisation. In this paper, the effects of the changing compositions of wastes on the operation of incineration plants are addressed. CFD technique is used to simulate the incineration processes in grate systems and advanced mathematical models are employed. The incineration characteristics have been expressed as functions of the percentage of combustible materials in wastes taken away for recycling. To offset the deteriorated performance of incineration in some cases, alternative operation modes have been suggested and simulated.
Creatividad, expresión y arte : terapia para una educación del siglo XXI : un recurso para la integración (2003)

Resumen tomado del autor. Resumen en castellano e inglés. Este artículo se incluye en el monográfico 'Año europeo de las personas con discapacidad'
Efficient MPI Bcast across different process arrival patterns (2008)

A message passing interface (MPI) collective operation such as broadcast involves multiple processes. The process arrival pattern denotes the timing when each process arrives at a collective operation. It can have a profound impact on the performance since it decides the time when each process can start participating in the operation. In this paper, we investigate the broadcast operation with different process arrival patterns. We analyze commonly used broadcast algorithms and show that they cannot guarantee high performance for different process arrival patterns. We develop two process arrival pattern aware algorithms for broadcasting large messages. The performance of proposed algorithms is theoretically within a constant factor of the optimal for any given process arrival pattern. Our experimental evaluation confirms the analytical results: existing broadcast algorithms cannot achieve high performance for many process arrival patterns while the proposed algorithms are robust and efficient across different process arrival patterns.
Monolayer-controlled substrate selectivity using non-covalent enzyme-nanoparticle conjugates (2005)

U3166-U3167
Engineered PQQ-Glucose Dehydrogenase as a Universal Biosensor Platform (2016)

Biosensors with direct electron output hold promise for nearly seamless integration with portable electronic devices. However, so far, they have been based on naturally occurring enzymes that significantly limit the spectrum of detectable analytes. Here, we present a novel biosensor architecture based on analyte-driven intermolecular recombination and activity reconstitution of a re-engineered component of glucometers: PQQ-glucose dehydrogenase. We demonstrate that this sensor architecture can be rapidly adopted for the detection of immunosuppressant drugs, α-amylase protein, or protease activity of thrombin and Factor Xa. The biosensors could be stored in dried form without appreciable loss of activity. We further show that ligand-induced activity of the developed biosensors could be directly monitored by chronoamperometry, enabling construction of disposable sensory electrodes. We expect that this architecture could be expanded to the detection of other biochemical activities, post-translational modifications, nucleic acids, and inorganic molecules.
Possibility of recycling silicon PV modules (2002)

A method of economically recovering silicon wafers from x-Si PV modules is presented. Since the wafer cost is estimated at about half the total material cost of a silicon PV module, there may be economic benefits from recycling. In addition, recycling silicon PV modules allows reclamation of the glass substrate and prevents disposal of potentially hazardous materials such as silver and lead from the wafer contact and interconnect systems. The major problem for recycling silicon wafers from end-of-life devices has been cleanly separating the wafers from the EVA polymer encapsulating material. This paper describes the cost effective recycling of functioning x-Si PV cells after thermal decomposition of EVA in an inert gas atmosphere. Process costs are estimated at US $0.20 per 10 cm/spl times/10 cm recovered cell.
The Half-sandwich Hydride and 16-Electron Complexes of Rhodium and Iridium Containing (1S,2S)-N-(p-Toluenesulfonyl)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine: Relevant to the Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation (1998)

Abstract We prepared the half-sandwich hydride and 16-electron complexes of rhodium and iridium bearing an anion of (1S,2S)-N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine: for the iridium catalyst system, a 16-electron complex 2b and an 18-electron, hydride complex 3b were synthesized, while only a 16-electron complex 2a was detected for the rhodium catalyst.
Nerve Growth Factor and Alzheimerʼs Disease (1991)

Clinical trials with cholinergic agents suggest that cholinergic hypertrophy may be beneficial in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent findings substantiate the view that nerve growth factor (NGF) selectively acts on cholinergic neurons. In adult rats and primates, intraventricular administration of nerve growth factor produces trophic actions on cholinergic neurons and prevents age related neuronal atrophy. These findings suggest the possibility of the eventual development of pharmacological applications of nerve growth factor for the treatment of AD.
Immunization against parasitic diseases of fish. (1997)

Parasitologists have not, in the past, exploited the immune system to protect fish against parasitic diseases. In the past few years, however, there has been an increased interest in adopting this strategy, and we have made steady and promising progress against a few parasites which are of economic importance. Amyloodinium ocellatum is an ectoparasitic dinoflagellate on brackish and marine fishes, which may also cause problems to aquarium fishes. Antiserum from fish inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with living dinospores of the parasite immobilizes and agglutinates living dinospores; it also reduces parasite infectivity in cell culture. Cryptobia salmositica is a pathogenic haemoflagellate of salmonids on the Pacific coast of North America, causing mortality in semi-natural and intensive salmon culture facilities. A live attenuated vaccine inoculated i.p. protects susceptible juvenile and adult fish for at least 24 months. The protection involves production of complement fixing antibodies, phagocytosis, and antibody-dependent and antibody-independent T-cell cytotoxicity. A monoclonal antibody against a surface membrane glycoprotein (199-200 kDa is therapeutic in that it significantly reduces parasitaemias when inoculated into fish with acute disease. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis is an ectoparasitic ciliate of freshwater fishes with world wide distribution, usually causing disease when fish are stressed and/or when environmental conditions are favourable for parasite multiplication. Live theronts injected into the body cavity protect fish, and monoclonal antibodies with immobilizing activity upon parasites have been developed. There is some evidence of passive transfer of protective immunity from immune to naive fish, and to eggs. Diplostomum spathaceum is an intestinal parasite of gulls; the metacercaria stage of the parasite encyst and causes disease and mortality in numerous species of freshwater fish in Europe and in North America. Fish injected i.p. with sonicated/killed cercariae or metacercariae have fewer metacercariae in the eyes and survives longer. Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus are parasitic copepods (sea lice), and they are important parasites of Atlantic salmon in cage cultures. A vaccine against fish lice is plausible, and the efficacy of about 20 candidate antigens in protecting fish is being tested.
Glia in mammalian development and disease (2015)

Glia account for more than half of the cells in the mammalian nervous system, and the past few decades have witnessed a flood of studies that detail novel functions for glia in nervous system development, plasticity and disease. Here, and in the accompanying poster, we review the origins of glia and discuss their diverse roles during development, in the adult nervous system and in the context of disease.