gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of liquid hydrophobicity and nozzle passage curvature on microfluidic dynamics in a drop ejection process (2009)

Employing methods of computational fluid dynamics, we investigated the physical phenomena and fluid dynamics of a microfluid during ejection of a droplet with a designed system of a nozzle plate connected to a flat-plate piezoelectric material. A comparison between experimental measurements and numerical simulations was devised to validate the theoretical model. The volume-of-fluid piecewise linear-interface construction (VOF-PLIC) interface-capturing method was adapted to represent the fluid domain and to track the evolution of its free boundaries whereas the continuous surface force (CSF) mode was chosen to model the interfacial physics. The results show that the curvature of the flow channel affects the velocity, period before disintegration, volume of the droplet and number of satellite drops. Increasing the diameter of the orifice increases the volume and decreases the velocity of the droplet. Increasing the amplitude or frequency of the nozzle plate raises the input energy, so increasing the velocity, decreasing the volume and hastening the disintegration of the droplet, but an increased amplitude or frequency increases the number of satellite drops. At the hydrophobic boundary, the velocity increases, the droplet volume decreases and the period before disintegration is abbreviated because of the decreased adhesive force between the fluid and the boundary surface.
Block, random and palm-tree amphiphilic fluorinated copolymers: controlled synthesis, surface activity and use as dispersion polymerization stabilizers (2014)

The architecture of novel fluorinated copolymers drastically influences their stabilizing properties and their ability to template particle formation.
Segmentation of organs‐at‐risks in head and neck <scp>CT</scp> images using convolutional neural networks (2016)

We concluded that convolution neural networks can accurately segment most of OARs using a representative database of 50 HaN CT images. At the same time, inclusion of additional information, for example, MR images, may be beneficial to some OARs with poorly visible boundaries.
The galley parallel file system (1996)

As the 1/0 needs of parallel scientific applications increase, file systems for multiprocessors are being designed to provide applications with parallel access to multiple disks. ManY parallel file systems present applications with a conventional Unix-like interface that allows the application to access multiple disks transparently. This interface conceals the parsllelism within the file system, which increases the ease of programmability, but makes it difficult or impossible for sophisticated programmers and libraries to use knowledge about their 1/0 needs to exploit that parallelism. Furthermore, most current parallel file systems are optimized for a different workload than they are being asked to support. We introduce Galley, a new parallel file system that is intended to efficiently support realistic parallel workloads. We discuss Galley's file structure and application interface, as well as an application that has been implemented using that interface.
Development of lead-free copper alloy graphite castings. Annual report, January--December 1995 (1996)

The distribution of graphite particles in graphite containing copper alloy was further improved very significantly using several procedures and technological modifications. The developed techniques attacked the graphite distribution problem in two ways. Realizing that clustering of very fine (5um) graphite particles is one of the two major problems, a pretreatment process has been developed using aluminum powders to deagglomerate graphite particles. Along with this, a two-stage stirring technique was used to first incorporate and then to distribute uniformly the deagglomerated particles in the melt. During this year, based on these developments, several components were cast to evaluate the castability of Cu alloy-graphite melts. In addition, machinability tests were done to clearly established that addition of graphite particles improve the machinability of copper MMC alloys over and above that of monolithic copper alloys. The results show that the machining chip sizes and cutting forces of Cu alloys containing graphite particles are smaller than these of the corresponding monolithic Cu alloys. This clearly establishes that the presence of graphite particles in copper alloy improves the machinability in a fashion similar to lead additions to copper alloys. Centrifugal casting of shapes of different sizes appear to be a very attractive method for casting graphite containing copper alloys, since all the graphite particles (regardless of their distribution in the melt) are forced to segregate to the inner periphery of the castings where they impart a very desirable solid lubrication property for bushing and bearing use. A very large number of cylindrical elements of lead bearing copper alloys are now used for similar bearing bushing applications and the manufacturers of these type of bearings are under safety and health hazard pressure to remove lead. This year several parameters for centrifugal casting of copper graphite alloys have been established.
<title>Optimal matched wavelet construction and its application to image pattern recognition</title> (1995)

Wavelet transforms applied to multiresolution analyses of images produce outputs similar in theory to those of matched filters. In order to maximize the output at the location and scale of a signal of interest, it is necessary for the wavelet used in the multiresolution analysis to `match' the signal of interest. Current techniques match a signal to one of several predefined wavelets in a library, which requires wavelets to be designed in advance. Here, we present an alternative by developing a technique for deriving the wavelet directly from the desired signal spectrum in such a way that the mean squared error between their spectra is a minimum. Furthermore, the matched wavelet is designed such that its associated scaling function generates an orthonormal multiresolution analysis. The technique includes an algorithm for finding the scaling function from an orthonormal wavelet, and algorithms for finding the optimal wavelet magnitude and phase from a given input signal. Several examples are shown to demonstrate the performance of the technique for both known orthonormal wavelets and arbitrary signals.
Novel polycyclic heterocycles. VII. Synthesis of tetracyclic ketones and derivatives from tricyclic 5,11‐dihydrodibenz[b,e][1,4] oxazepines (1971)

Abstract Michael addition of 5,11‐dihydrodibenz[ b,e ][1,4]oxazepines to acrylonitrile gave 5,11‐di‐hydrodibenz[ b,e ][1,4]oxazepine‐5‐propionitriles, which were converted to the corresponding methyl 5‐propionates. Mild alkaline hydrolysis of these esters furnished the key intermediates, the 5,11‐dihydrodibenz[ b,e ] [1,4]oxazepine‐5‐propionic acids. In the preferred procedure, these propionic acids were cyclized to the tetracyclic ketones in yields of 60‐90%, by the action of one equivalent of trifluoroacetic anhydride in benzene. When ring C was involved in cylcization, 1,2‐dihydro‐3 H ,7 H ‐quino[8,1‐ cd ][1,5]benzoxazepin‐3‐ones were obtained, and when ring A was involved, 1,2‐dihydro‐3 H ,8 H ‐quino[1,8‐ ab ] [4,1]benzoxazepin‐3‐ones were formed. With 1c , both modes of cyclization were observed. In an alternative procedure that gave lower yields, the propionic acids were first converted to the corresponding acid chlorides, and these were cyclized by means of anhydrous stannic chloride; as anticipated, the products by this method were identical with those obtained via the trifluoroacetic anhydride method. Several reactions of these tetra‐cylcic ketones, e.g., their ease of oxime formation, and dehydrogenation to the α,β‐unsaturated ketones, are described. The α,β‐unsaturated ketones do not form oximes. The structures assigned to the ketones are based on interpretations of their pmr, uv, and ir spectra. These assignments were confirmed by an X‐ray analysis of a single crystal of one representative ketone, 2b ; the X‐ray study was also useful in indicating the thermodynamically preferred conformation of 2b . The structures of all the other compounds followed from similar spectral interpretations. The mass spectra of a few compounds are also discussed.
Three years' experience of metacarpophalangeal joint replacement in the rheumatoid hand (1975)

A review of the longer term results of metacarpophalangeal joint replacement in the rheumatoid hand, and the description of a new design of prosthesis.
Optimized Broadcast for Deep Learning Workloads on Dense-GPU InfiniBand Clusters: MPI or NCCL? (2017)

Dense Multi-GPU systems have recently gained a lot of attention in the HPC arena. Traditionally, MPI runtimes have been primarily designed for clusters with a large number of nodes. However, with the advent of MPI+CUDA applications and CUDA-Aware MPI runtimes like MVAPICH2 and OpenMPI, it has become important to address efficient communication schemes for such dense Multi-GPU nodes. This coupled with new application workloads brought forward by Deep Learning frameworks like Caffe and Microsoft CNTK pose additional design constraints due to very large message communication of GPU buffers during the training phase. In this context, special-purpose libraries like NVIDIA NCCL have been proposed for GPU-based collective communication on dense GPU systems. In this paper, we propose a pipelined chain (ring) design for the MPI_Bcast collective operation along with an enhanced collective tuning framework in MVAPICH2-GDR that enables efficient intra-/inter-node multi-GPU communication. We present an in-depth performance landscape for the proposed MPI_Bcast schemes along with a comparative analysis of NVIDIA NCCL Broadcast and NCCL-based MPI_Bcast. The proposed designs for MVAPICH2-GDR enable up to 14X and 16.6X improvement, compared to NCCL-based solutions, for intra- and inter-node broadcast latency, respectively. In addition, the proposed designs provide up to 7% improvement over NCCL-based solutions for data parallel training of the VGG network on 128 GPUs using Microsoft CNTK.
Functionally active monoclonal antibody that recognizes an epitope on the O side chain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype-1 lipopolysaccharide (1986)

A murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) was prepared against Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotype-1 (It-1) lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The MAb bound It-1 LPS in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and in the immunodiffusion and immunoblotting assays, agglutinated and opsonized It-1 bacteria, and protected against challenge with live It-1 organisms in a murine burn infection model. All of these activities were immunotype specific. Correlation of the opsonic and protective properties of the MAb with its recognition site on the LPS O side chain confirmed that such immunotype-specific determinants are important targets for protective antibodies in Pseudomonas disease. The functional equivalence of this MAb and polyclonal antibodies from hyperimmune plasma underscores the therapeutic potential of single MAbs which recognize critical determinants in the LPS O side chain.
Effects of H-NS and potassium glutamate on sigmaS- and sigma70-directed transcription in vitro from osmotically regulated P1 and P2 promoters of proU in Escherichia coli (1996)

We have used supercoiled DNA templates in this study to demonstrate that transcription in vitro from the P1 and P2 promoters of the osmoresponsive proU operon of Escherichia coli is preferentially mediated by the sigma(s) and sigma70-bearing RNA polymerase holoenzymes, respectively. Addition of potassium glutamate resulted in the activation of transcription from both P1 and P2 and also led to a pronounced enhancement of sigma(s) selectivity at the P1 promoter. Transcription from P2, and to a lesser extent from P1, was inhibited by the nucleoid protein H-NS but only in the absence of potassium glutamate. This study validates the existence of dual promoters with dual specificities for proU transcription. Our results also support the proposals that potassium, which is known to accumulate in cells grown at high osmolarity, is at least partially responsible for effecting the in vivo induction of proU transcription and that it does so through two mechanisms, directly by the activation of RNA polymerase and indirectly by the relief of repression imposed by H-NS.
Lysine-overproducing mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast isolated in continuous culture (1997)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae baker's yeast mutants which produce 3 to 17 times as much lysine as the wild type, depending on the nitrogen source, have been selected. The baker's yeast strain was growth in a pH-regulated chemostat in minimal medium with proline as the nitrogen source, supplemented with increasing concentrations of the toxic analog of the lysine S-2-aminoethyl-L-cysteine (AEC). The lysine-overproducing mutants, which were isolated as AEC-resistant mutants, were also resistant to high external concentrations of lysine and to alpha-aminoadipate and seemed to be affected in the lysine biosynthetic pathway but not in the biosynthetic pathways of other amino acids. Lysine overproduction by one of the mutants seemed to be due to, at least, the loss of repression of the homocitrate synthase encoded by the LYS20 gene. The mutant grew slower than the wild type, and its dough-raising capacity was reduced in in vitro assays, probably due to the toxic effects of lysine accumulation or of an intermediate produced in the pathway. This mutant can be added as a food supplement to enrich the nutritive qualities of bakery products, and its resistance to alpha-aminoadipate, AEC, and lysine can be used as a dominant marker.
Detection and global optimization of reduction operations for distributed parallel machines (1996)

This paper presents a new technique for detecting and optimizing reduction operations for parallelizhtg compilers. The technique presented here can detect reduction constructs in general complex loops, parallelize the loops containing reduction constructs, and optimize communications for multiple reduction operations. The optimization proposed here can be applied not only to individual reduction loops, but also to multiple loop nests throughout a program. The techniques have been implemented in our HPF compiler, and their effectiveness is evaluated on an IBM Scalable PowerParallel System SP2 using a set of standard benchmarking programs. Although the aperimental results are still preliminary, it is shown that our techniques for detecting and optimizing reductions are eflective on practical application programs.
Motor design considerations and test results of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles (2002)

This paper describes the high performance motor design of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPM motor) for electric vehicles. The authors examined the differences in motor characteristics based on how the magnets were embedded. For this comparison, they set conditions so that the volume of magnets remained constant, and they used both computer simulation and experiments with a prototype motor. As a result, they were able to develop a double layer IPM synchronous motor, which has two layers of magnets embedded lengthwise in the radial direction in the rotor. The q-axis flux path can be expanded by using an IPM rotor with magnets divided into two layers with the separation lengthwise at the rotor radius. An evaluation of prototype motors confirmed that a double-layer IPM motor produces a 10 percent or more increase in the torque generated compared to a single-layer IPM motor using the same current. Also, the high efficiency operating region (min. 90%) was a minimum of 10% wider than the single layer IPM motor. However, reluctance torque of a double layer IPM motor with concentrated winding cannot be designed as high as that of a similar motor with distributed winding. This is because the inductance difference between the d and q-axes cannot be sufficiently increased in this former. Here, it was learned that a concentrated winding is inferior to a distributed winding both in terms of generated torque and the constant power region size.
3‐Pyridinesulfonyl Azide: A Useful Reagent for Radical Azidation (2004)

Abstract Radical azidations and carboazidations have been achieved using 3‐pyridinesulfonyl azide as azidating agent. Due to its base properties and its polarity, the excess of reagent is readily removed at the end of the reaction by filtration through silica gel or by extraction with either aqueous 1 M HCl or 1 M CuSO 4 . The use of this reagent greatly facilitates the tedious purifications of the final azides frequently encountered when reactions are run according to the original procedure involving benzenesulfonyl azide.
Protective effects of saffron extract and crocin supplementation on fatty liver tissue of high-fat diet-induced obese rats (2016)

This study suggested that saffron extract and crocin supplements have hepatoprotective effect against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and HFD-induced liver damage.
Metal-Organic CVD of a (Ba,Sr)RuO3 Oxide Electrode Using a Single Cocktail Source (2005)

The oxide electrode (Ba,Sr)RuO3, which enhances the properties of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 film owing to its similarity in structure and chemical composition, was deposited on a four inch p-type Si wafer by MOCVD using METHD based sources. Ba(METHD)2, Sr(METHD)2, Ru(METHD)3 precursors and a solvent (n-butylacetate) were mixed together into a single cocktail source. As-deposited BSR films showed (110) preferred orientation when the mole ratio of Ba:Sr:Ru in the source was 0.035:0.025:0.021 [mol L–1] at a source flow rate of 0.075 sccm. Among the various deposition conditions, the oxygen flow rate turned out to be the most critical for determining phase formation. The dielectric constants of these capacitors were observed to be above 500.
The prediction of output factors for spread-out proton Bragg peak fields in clinical practice (2005)

The reliable prediction of output factors for spread-out proton Bragg peak (SOBP) fields in clinical practice remained unrealized due to a lack of a consistent theoretical framework and the great number of variables introduced by the mechanical devices necessary for the production of such fields. These limitations necessitated an almost exclusive reliance on manual calibration for individual fields and empirical, ad hoc, models. We recently reported on a theoretical framework for the prediction of output factors for such fields. In this work, we describe the implementation of this framework in our clinical practice. In our practice, we use a treatment delivery nozzle that uses a limited, and constant, set of mechanical devices to produce SOBP fields over the full extent of clinical penetration depths, or ranges, and modulation widths. This use of a limited set of mechanical devices allows us to unfold the physical effects that affect the output factor. We describe these effects and their incorporation into the theoretical framework. We describe the calibration and protocol for SOBP fields, the effects of apertures and range-compensators and the use of output factors in the treatment planning process.
A Survey of Fault-Tolerance and Fault-Recovery Techniques in Parallel Systems (2005)

Supercomputing systems today often come in the form of large numbers of commodity systems linked together into a computing cluster. These systems, like any distributed system, can have large numbers of independent hardware components cooperating or collaborating on a computation. Unfortunately, any of this vast number of components can fail at any time, resulting in potentially erroneous output. In order to improve the robustness of supercomputing applications in the presence of failures, many techniques have been developed to provide resilience to these kinds of system faults. This survey provides an overview of these various fault-tolerance techniques.
Systemic overexpression of the 11β-HSD1 promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress in multiple tissues and the development of metabolic syndrome in mice (2017)

Glucocorticoids are associated with lipid metabolism and their abnormal expression has an important function in the development of metabolic syndrome. The 11β‑hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β‑HSD1) is a metabolic enzyme of glucocorticoids and may be a potential drug target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. However, the association between the systemic expression of 11β‑HSD1 and metabolic syndrome remains to be elucidated. The present study used a cytomegalovirus promoter to obtain mice that systemically overexpressed the 11β‑HSD1 gene. The transgenic mice and negative control groups received a high‑fat diet at the age of 10 weeks in order to induce metabolic syndrome and this diet was continued for 12 weeks. Several indicators, including body weight, blood glucose, glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, were monitored in vivo. In addition, the protein expression levels of 11β‑HSD1 and DNA damage inducible transcript 3 were detected and the histopathology of important tissues for metabolic syndrome were analyzed. The current findings revealed that the body weights of transgenic mice were significantly higher compared with the control group before and during the periods of high fat diet induction. Transgenic mice also exhibited significantly impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, endoplasmic reticulum stress and increased metabolic syndrome‑associated biochemical indicators in the blood and severely impaired liver and kidney functions. The present study successfully established a 11β‑HSD1 systemic overexpression mouse model that exhibited typical characteristics of metabolic syndrome and may be useful for future studies of metabolic syndrome.
Vietnam - Three Cities Sanitation Project : resettlement action plan (1999)

This plan proposes to compensate project-affected persons (PAP) according to the land tenure rights they hold. It pays PAPs who are legal users with permanent rights to use the affected land, replacement costs for acquired land, crops and forest produce, and productive trees. Legal users with temporary rights will receive the same compensation described and also be allowed to opt for either cash assistance for affected land corresponding to 30 percent of the replacement costs of affected land or cash assistance for lost income from affected land. Legal users leasing affected land will not only receive compensation for lost crops, produce, and trees, but also receive cash assistance from lost income from affected land for the time remaining on their leases. Legal users with permanent rights to use affected lands similarly receive cash compensation and a choice of full title to land of equal area and productivity or a combination of land plus cash plus non-land-based strategies built around opportunities for employment and self-employment and a rehabilitation allowance equal to 10 years' profit from the affected land. A public information campaign will be initiated upon the plan's approval and continue for six months. PAPs will be informed of their entitlements and be given the opportunity to appeal. Payment of entitlements, reorganization of PAPs and clearance of land must be completed before project implementation. The plan will be monitored internally and externally.