gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analyte and label binding assay read by flow cytometry (1996)

A new immunometric two-site sandwich assay is introduced, in which a label-scavenging binding partner is added to the sample in addition to the analyte-binding partner. The scavenger binding partner binds excess label antibody, giving a signal proportional to the amount of excess label antibody in the sample solution. A set of two calibration curves is obtained from the two binding partners simultaneously, and a combination of the two signals gives an unambiguous determination of the analyte concentration, even for high analyte concentrations where the hook effect may occur. Two-particle immunofluorometric assays developed for placental alkaline phosphatase and human chorionic gonadotropin on the basis of this principle and yielding signals measured by flow cytometry gave rapid results (2 h) and had working ranges in excess of 5 and 6 orders of magnitude for the respective analytes.
From Symptoms to Faults: Temporal Reasoning Methods (2009)

Complex systems composed of many components can operate in an inappropriate way. Information about the system is obtained in time, gradually. The assessment of casualties in such situation has challenged many researchers. The present paper provides a new compact methodology for diagnostics of faults form measurements: Space of measurements is divided into symptoms. Each symptom is able to admit some faults as possible and exclude some as impossible. This concept is based on fuzzy logic approach and provides an efficient alternative to usual probabilistic oriented methodologies. These relations between symptoms and faults are stated in the mapping table as logical rules. The diagnosis information is gathered online and aggregated on the side of symptoms or on the side of faults. This paper provides and compares a set of different methods for transformation of measured information into truth rates for each fault.
Homocyclotirucallane and Two Dihydrophenanthrenes from Spiranthes sinensis. (2001)

A novel homocyclotirucallane, sinetirucallol (1), and two additional new dihydrophenanthrenes, sinensols G (2) and H (3), were isolated from the aerial parts of Spiranthes sinensis (Pers.) Ames. Their structures were determined by various spectral analyses, including MS and two-dimentional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The structure of compound 1 was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by modified Mosher's method.
Statistic prosody structure prediction (2004)

Hierarchical prosody structure generation is a key component for a speech synthesis system. This paper presents a statistic method that predicts the prosody structure for the Chinese text-to-speech (TTS) system by combining a dynamic program method with the rules. The method is based on a manually annotated corpus extracted from the natural speech (IBM Mandarin TTS Corpus for Female 02). The experimental results show that an accuracy of 91.2% for predicting prosodic structure can be achieved. A state-of-the-art Mandarin TTS system is worked out based on the hierarchical prosody structure. Listening tests show that the prosody structure works pretty well.
Self-Assembled Monolayer of Carboxyl-Terminated Poly(amido amine) Dendrimer (2006)

Adlayer formation and adsorption structure of 2.5th-generation poly(amido amine) dendrimer with carboxyl-terminated groups on solid substrates were investigated by atomic force microscopy, surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, and surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy. Dendrimer molecules are not uniformly adsorbed on solid surface but form aggregates with a width of approximately 100 nm and a height less than 1 nm. Adsorption reaches in equilibrium at 100-1000 sec, depending on the dendrimer concentration. The adsorption-desorption process is considerably reproducible and repeatable. Although the adsorption at equilibrium increases with dendrimer concentration and reaches maximum at neutral pH, monolayer is always maintained after the desorption with solvent. This indicates the formation of self-assembled monolayer. Such monolayer is preserved even at the variation of pH. Although most carboxylates are protonated at acidic pH, small amount of carboxylate remains even at acidic pH. The adsorption structure of dendrimer was illustrated.
The potential of digital seismic recordings for multichannel processing (1970)

Abstract The availability of seismic digital field recording equipment has made possible new processing techniques which achieve significant reflection data enhancement. Typical of the processes that are now used routinely are deconvolution, autocorrelation and crosscorrelation, Fourier transformation, and spectral alteration. A recording fidelity that reduces errors to 1 part in 10,000 has provided the motive for developing and using these techniques.An additional capability of digital field equipment is the recording of amplifier gain information to a precision of 0.1 percent. This appears to provide a motive for developing multichannel processes which expand further our processing capabilities beyond the essentially single channel ones now in use. The present study evaluates the multichannel processing potential afforded by present day seismic digital field recording systems. The evaluation is based on measurement and computation of the effects of channel performance deviations. Each component of the field recording system (geophone, cable, amplifier, filters, sampling skew) separately, and the system as a whole, are evaluated in this context.Results of the study indicate that whereas any given channel possesses a dynamic range of 80 db, channel-to-channel variations establish a dynamic range of only 15 db. The 15 db range sets a serious limit on the performance of multichannel processes and points up the need for additional improvements in field hardware capabilities.
Injectable hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering (2009)

Tissue engineering is a promising method for the regeneration of cartilage defects. This approach generally involves the use of a three-dimensional scaffold which can act as a temporary artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) for healthy cartilage cells, chondrocytes. Hydrogels represent a class of ECM-mimicking scaffolds that are able to retain cells inside and support their growth, thereby inducing the production of such a matrix. So far many hydrogel systems based on natural or synthetic materials have been developed for cartilage regeneration. Among these systems, injectable hydrogels have received much attention since they can be used in a minimally invasive surgical procedure in clinical trials. This thesis focuses on polysaccharide-based injectable hydrogels for cartilage regeneration. The in-situ formation of hydrogels was established via either Michael addition reaction or enzymatic crosslinking of conjugated polysaccharides. The applicability of these hydrogels for tissue engineering was studied by determining the physical and biological characteristics of these hydrogels such as gelation time, swelling and degradation, and mechanical properties. In addition, bovine chondrocytes were incorporated inside the gels and their viability and ability to produce cartilaginous matrix were evaluated in vitro.
Large modulation of critical currents in high T/sub c/ superconducting field-effect (SUFET) devices (1993)

Various properties of ultrathin YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/ (YBCO) films used in superconducting field effect devices have been shown to vary as a function of the applied gate voltage, i.e., by variation of the areal charge carrier density N. In the present work, the authors have investigated the behavior of the critical current density, J/sub c/, in these devices. In 5-8-nm-thick YBCO films in such devices, J/sub c/ (T=4 K, B=0 T, 1 mu V/mm criterion) of up to 4*10/sup 5/ A/cm/sup 2/ has been observed. By applying moderate gate voltages(<30 V), J/sub c/ can be suppressed by up to 90%. An empirical description of the functional dependence J/sub c/(T,B,N) is given. Examination of the I-V characteristics yields V=a*I/sup alpha /, with alpha dependent on the gate voltage. The data are discussed in terms of the relative importance of field-induced depinning, thermal fluctuations, and pure geometrical effects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ZnO quantum dot-doped graphene/h-BN/GaN-heterostructure ultraviolet photodetector with extremely high responsivity (2016)

A ZnO quantum dot photo-doped graphene/h-BN/GaN-heterostructure ultraviolet photodetector with extremely high responsivity of more than 1915 A W<sup>-1</sup> and detectivity of more than 1.02 × 10<sup>13</sup> Jones (Jones = cm Hz<sup>1/2</sup> W<sup>-1</sup>) has been demonstrated. The interfaced h-BN layer increases the barrier height at the graphene/GaN heterojunction, which decreases the dark current and improves the on/off current ratio of the device. The photo-doping effect increases the barrier height and carrier concentration at the graphene/h-BN/GaN heterojunction, thus the responsivity is improved from 1473 A W<sup>-1</sup> to 1915 A W<sup>-1</sup> and the detectivity is improved from 5.8 × 10<sup>12</sup> to 1.0 × 10<sup>13</sup> Jones. Moreover, all of the responsivity and detectivity values are the highest values among all the graphene-based ultraviolet photodetectors.
Video-based hypermedia for education-on-demand (1996)

Networked Hyper QuickTime (NHQT) is a prototype education-on-demand system for annotated video over the Internet. NHQT uses World Wide Web, Gopher and QuickTime technologies to deliver video streams with embedded uniform resource locators that point to ancillary documents or video streams. NHQT's video-based user interface supports VCR-style playback control, random positioning, content-based searching and automatic resolution of hypermedia links for Internet access.
Ultra-thin solid electrolyte interphase evolution and wrinkling processes in molybdenum disulfide-based lithium-ion batteries (2019)

Molybdenum disulfide is considered one of the most promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity; however, it suffers from an unstable solid electrolyte interphase. Understanding its structural evolution and reaction mechanism upon charging/discharging is crucial for further improvements in battery performance. Herein, the interfacial processes of solid electrolyte interphase film formation and lithiation/delithiation on ultra-flat monolayer molybdenum disulfide are monitored by in situ atomic force microscopy. The live formation of ultra-thin and dense films can be induced by the use of fluoroethylene carbonate as an additive to effectively protect the anode electrodes. The evolution of the fluoroethylene carbonate-derived solid electrolyte interphase film upon cycling is quantitatively analysed. Furthermore, the formation of wrinkle-structure networks upon lithiation process is distinguished in detailed steps, and accordingly, structure-reactivity correlations are proposed. These quantitative results provide an in-depth understanding of the interfacial mechanism in molybdenum disulfide-based lithium-ion batteries.
Access control in multicast packet switching (1993)

Access control and performance for multicast packet switching in a broadband network environment are studied. In terms of scheduling the transmission of the copies of the packet onto output ports, two basic service disciplines are defined: one-shot scheduling (all the copies transmitted in the same time slot) and call splitting (transmission over several time slots). As subcategories of call splitting, SS (strict-sense) specifies that each packet can send at most one copy to the destination per time slot, whereas WS (wide-sense) does not carry this restriction. A scheme called revision scheduling, which mitigates the head-of-line (HOL) blocking effect by sequentially combining the one-shot scheduling and the call splitting disciplines, is proposed. Output contention resolution implementations, in the form of combinational logic circuits designed to resolve output contentions arising in each of the call scheduling disciplines, are introduced. A neural-network-based contention resolution algorithm is proposed to demonstrate the improvement of the optimal scheduling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Further Tests to Decide Between Gravity Theories (1968)

Several experiments, either in preparation or in operation, may provide further evidence for deciding between general relativity and the scalar-tensor theories of gravitation.
Maximum Performance Tests of Speech Production (1987)

The maximum performance tests of speech production are those tests that examine the upper limits of performance for selected speech tasks. Among the most commonly used maximum performance tests are the following: maximum duration of phonation, maximum fricative duration, maximum phonation volume, maximum expiratory pressure, fundamental frequency range, maximum sound pressure level, maximum occluding force of the articulators, and diadochokinetic (maximum repetition) rate. Many clinicians use at least some of these tasks as part of an assessment protocol. These tests are analogous to strength, range, or speed tests in clinical neurology. Given the widespread use of these tests and a rather scattered literature on normative values obtained for them, a survey of the data base seemed in order. This paper summarizes the published normative data, discusses the adequacy of these data for clinical application, and recommends interpretive guidelines to enhance the usefulness of maximum performance tests.
Elucidation and Pharmacological Targeting of Novel Molecular Drivers of Follicular Lymphoma Progression (2015)

Follicular lymphoma, the most common indolent subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, is associated with a relatively long overall survival rate ranging from 6 to 10 years from the time of diagnosis. However, in 20% to 60% of follicular lymphoma patients, transformation to aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) reduces median survival to only 1.2 years. The specific functional and genetic determinants of follicular lymphoma transformation remain elusive, and genomic alterations underlying disease advancement have only been identified for a subset of cases. Therefore, to identify candidate drivers of follicular lymphoma transformation, we performed systematic analysis of a B-cell-specific regulatory model exhibiting follicular lymphoma transformation signatures using the Master Regulator Inference algorithm (MARINa). This analysis revealed FOXM1, TFDP1, ATF5, HMGA1, and NFYB to be candidate master regulators (MR) contributing to disease progression. Accordingly, validation was achieved through synthetic lethality assays in which RNAi-mediated silencing of MRs individually or in combination reduced the viability of (14;18)-positive DLBCL (t-DLBCL) cells. Furthermore, specific combinations of small-molecule compounds targeting synergistic MR pairs induced loss of viability in t-DLBCL cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that MR analysis is a valuable method for identifying bona fide contributors to follicular lymphoma transformation and may therefore guide the selection of compounds to be used in combinatorial treatment strategies.
The Dimension of the Vector Space Spanned by Sets of Radio-Interferometric Measurements∗ (2005)

A novel technique developed at Vanderbilt University, based on radio interferometry, makes it possible to determine inter-node distances in 2D or 3D ad-hoc wireless net-works with far greater accuracy than was possible with earlier methods. In this note we determine an upper bound on the number of independent measurements on a set of n nodes, and prove it to be sharp.
Use of null optics for monitoring the optical alignment of a beam director (2005)

The use of null optics is proposed as a new concept for monitoring the optical alignment of a beam director. Null optics consist of a primary mirror and an annular mirror just outside the aperture of the secondary mirror. The characteristics of the proposed null optics are investigated with the designed sample of a two-mirror system with an effective aperture of 275 mm. The results show that null optics yield four times the amplification with respect to the alignment errors of the secondary mirror; however, they have low residual aberration sensitivity to misalignment. Therefore null optics can be used successfully as the alignment monitoring apparatus of a beam director.
Identification of inhibitors of ovarian cancer stem-like cells by high-throughput screening (2012)

Our HTS has uncovered a number of candidate compounds that may, after further testing, prove effective in targeting both ovarian CSC and their more differentiated progeny.
Descriptive Information of Topographic Parameters Computed at the Optic Nerve Head with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (1998)

The mathematical description of the optic nerve cup shape provides information on optic nerve head topography independently from cupping, nerve fiber layer thickness, and disc size. Potentially, quantification of further aspects in optic nerve head topography might improve the discriminatory power of computerized quantitative optic nerve head analysis.
THE PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF THE HORMONE-SPECIFIC, BETA SUBUNIT OF HUMAN PITUITARY LUTEINIZING HORMONE (hLH) (1973)

The amino acid sequence of the β subunit of hLH has been deduced from tryptic and thermolytic peptides of the reduced and carboxymethylated subunito hLH-β consists of 115 residues. A single tryptophan in the molecule occurs at position 8, hLH-β exhibits greater homology with hCG-B (89 identical positions) than with ovine LH-β (77 identical positions). Heterogeneity exists at the carboxy terminal portion of the molecule.
The effects of long-term cochlear hearing loss on the functional organization of central auditory pathways. (1993)

We have developed an animal model of neonatal high-frequency cochlear hearing loss to investigate the long-term effects on the central auditory pathways. Specifically, we have induced basal cochlear lesions in newborn kittens using the ototoxic aminoglycoside, amikacin. We have monitored the consequent auditory threshold elevations using auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABR) to tone pip stimuli. In the mature animal we have mapped tonotopic (cochleotopic) representation in primary auditory cortex (AI) using standard micro-electrode recording techniques, and we show that this map becomes massively re-organized. In particular, one frequency area that corresponds to the high frequency cut-off slope of the subject's audiogram appears to become greatly expanded, in some cases to take up 75% of AI surface. In general, the development of normal cochleotopic or tonotopic representation in cortex appears to depend upon the integrity of ascending sensory input from the cochlea particularly during early stages of development. With the clinician in mind, we discuss our findings in relation to practical issues.
Ohio Landlord-Tenant Reform Revisited (1988)

The "gentle readers" may be surprised by the analogy suggested between the reform of landlord-tenant law and the experience of Alice and the Queen. However, the events surrounding the enactment of Amended Substitute Senate Bill 103 were as perplexing as those in Lewis Carroll's story. Those opposing real reform, principally the real estate industry, were successful in weakening the proposed legislation. Consequently, the primary goal of the sponsors of landlord-tenant legislation in Ohio was not met by the legislation finally enacted. As this Article will demonstrate, the interpretation of the Act by the courts of Ohio has proven true the claims of some of the proponents of the reform legislation who likened the final enacted bill to the March Hare: a little bit late and somewhat confusing. The purpose of this Article is to review this legislation and its interpretation by the Ohio courts over the past thirteen years. Like Alice, the gentle reader may conclude that despite all this running, "everything's just as it was." For this reason, the authors will propose legislative amendments to the Act necessary to bring into more equitable balance the landlord-tenant relationship in Ohio.
Principles of Cryopreservation (2007)

Cryopreservation is the use of very low temperatures to preserve structurally intact living cells and tissues. Unprotected freezing is normally lethal and this chapter seeks to analyze some of the mechanisms involved and to show how cooling can be used to produce stable conditions that preserve life. The biological effects of cooling are dominated by the freezing of water, which results in the concentration of the solutes that are dissolved in the remaining liquid phase. Rival theories of freezing injury have envisaged either that ice crystals pierce or tease apart the cells, destroying them by direct mechanical action, or that damage is from secondary effects via changes in the composition of the liquid phase. Cryoprotectants, simply by increasing the total concentration of all solutes in the system, reduce the amount of ice formed at any given temperature; but to be biologically acceptable they must be able to penetrate into the cells and have low toxicity. Many compounds have such properties, including glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanediol, and propanediol. In fact, both damaging mechanisms are important, their relative contributions depending on cell type, cooling rate, and warming rate. A consensus has developed that intracellular freezing is dangerous, whereas extracellular ice is harmless. If the water permeability of the cell membrane is known it is possible to predict the effect of cooling rate on cell survival and the optimum rate will be a trade-off between the risk of intracellular freezing and effects of the concentrated solutes. However, extracellular ice is not always innocuous: densely packed cells are more likely to be damaged by mechanical stresses within the channels where they are sequestered and with complex multicellular systems it is imperative not only to secure cell survival but also to avoid damage to the extracellular structure. Ice can be avoided by vitrification-the production of a glassy state that is defined by the viscosity reaching a sufficiently high value (~10(13) poises) to behave like a solid, but without any crystallization. Toxicity is the major problem in the use of vitrification methods. Whether freezing is permitted (conventional cryopreservation) or prevented (vitrification), the cryoprotectant has to gain access to all parts of the system. However, there are numerous barriers to the free diffusion of solutes (membranes), and these can result in transient, and sometimes equilibrium, changes in compartment volumes and these can be damaging. Hence, the processes of diffusion and osmosis have important effects during the introduction of cryoprotectants, the removal of cryoprotectants, the freezing process, and during thawing. These phenomena are amenable to experiment and analysis, and this has made it possible to develop effective methods for the preservation of a very wide range of cells and some tissues; these methods have found widespread applications in biology and medicine.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Benzo[<i>b</i>]thiophenes and Benzo[<i>b</i>]selenophenes (2005)

A concise and efficient solid-phase synthesis of benzo[b]thiophenes and benzo[b]selenophenes based on a combination of palladium-mediated coupling and iodocyclization protocols has been developed.