gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development a diagnostic pan‐dermatophyte TaqMan probe real‐time <scp>PCR</scp> assay based on beta tubulin gene (2016)

Early differentiation of dermatophytosis from other cutaneous mycoses is essential to avoid inaccurate therapy. DNA-based techniques including real-time PCR have increasingly been considered for detection of fungal elements in clinical specimens. In this study, after partial sequence analysis of beta tubulin (BT2) gene in 13 common and rare pathogenic dermatophyte species, a pan-dermatophyte primer and probe set was designed in a TaqMan probe-based PCR format. The sensitivity and specificity of the system was tested with 22 reference strains of dermatophytes, 234 positive clinical specimens, 32 DNA samples extracted from normal nails, several fungi other than dermatophytes and human DNAs. Analytical detection limit of the designed PCR on serially diluted DNAs of prepared recombinant plasmid indicated that only five molecules per sample are the minimum number for reliable detection by the assay. A total of 226 out of 234 (96.5%) DNAs extracted from clinical samples, but none of the 32 nail samples, from healthy volunteers were positive in PCR. The real-time PCR targeted beta tubulin gene established in this study could be a sensitive diagnostic tool which is significantly faster than the conventional culture method and should be useful in the clinical settings, in large-scale epidemiological studies and in clinical trials of antifungal therapy.
Occurrence and analysis of estrogens and progestogens in river sediments by liquid chromatography-electrospray-mass spectrometry (2002)

In this study, an analytical procedure for the determination in sediment of the most abundant and/or physiological active estrogens (estradiol, estriol, estrone, ethynyl estradiol, and diethylstilbestrol) and progestogens (progesterone, norethindrone. and levonorgestrel) is described. The procedure includes ultrasonic extraction of the lyophilized sediment, clean-up with octadecylsilica cartridges, and analysis by liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-MS). MS detection is performed with an electrospray interface in the positive ion mode for determination of the progestogens and in the negative ion mode for determination of the estrogens. The method was applied to the determination of the target compounds in river sediments from the area of Catalonia. Estrogens and progestogens were found at concentrations usually in the low ng g(-1) range. Estriol and norethindrone were the compounds most frequently found whereas maximum concentrations in all sediment samples were obtained for ethynyl estradiol (22.8 ng g(-1)) and estrone (11.9 ng g(-1)). Detection limits were in the range of 0.04-1.00 ng g(-1). Preliminary conjectures with regards to the environmental behavior and impact of estrogens and progestogens in rivers are made. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first work reporting a detailed method for the analysis of estrogens and progestogens in river sediments and data on the environmental occurrence of both groups of compounds.
Amantadine and rimantadine for influenza A in adults (2006)

Amantadine and rimantadine have comparable efficacy and effectiveness in relieving or treating symptoms of influenza A in healthy adults, although rimantadine induces fewer adverse effects than amantadine. The effectiveness of both drugs in interrupting transmission is probably low. Routine use of both drugs should be discouraged and both drugs should only be used when all other measures fail.
Prolactin increases HO‐1 expression and induces VEGF production in human macrophages (2004)

The pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) is a multifunctional polypeptide which exerts a role on cell proliferation and may also contribute to cell differentiation. PRL is also produced by immune cells and is regarded as a key component of the neuroendocrine-immune loop and as a local regulator of macrophage response. The involvement of PRL in regulating monocyte/macrophage functions is suggested by the presence of PRL receptors in these cells. It has been shown that PRL possess both angiogenic and antiangiogenic effects. Recently, we revealed that augmentation of HO-1 activity enhances PRL-mediated angiogenesis in human endothelial cells. Since macrophages are key participants in angiogenesis our objective was to investigate the effect of PRL also in human macrophages. In vitro treatment of macrophages with PRL was found to increase both heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and protein synthesis in a time and dose dependent manner as quantified respectively by reverse-transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. PRL-treated macrophages also showed an enhanced release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as demonstrated by ELISA assay. Furthermore, to determine whether PRL-induced HO-1 activity was required for VEGF production by macrophages, the effect of PRL on the induction of VEGF was studied in the presence of an inducer stannic chloride (SnCl(2)) and of an inhibitor stannic mesoporphyrin (SnMP) of HO activity. Our observations suggest that PRL may regulate monocyte activation and influences not only immune function but also angiogenesis.
Setting new trends of integrated Building Information Modelling (BIM) for construction industry (2015)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to set new trends of integrated Building Information Modelling (BIM) for the construction industry. BIM has been accepted by construction to some extent as an innovative approach/technology to improve project performance in the aspects of productivity, efficiency and safety. However, maximisation BIM requires strategic research direction to drive this technology across the full spectrum of the project life cycle. Design/methodology/approach – This paper identifies the new trends for adopting BIM in the aspect of integration within Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sectors. Findings – Research findings identify three stages where project performance can be improved by using BIM: pre-construction phase, construction phase and the maintenance/operation phase. Originality/value – BIM must evolve to be fully integrated with other technologies, thereby contributing to project performance in various stages of project life cycle.
Decision support system in a service-oriented control architecture for industrial automation (2008)

Service-oriented paradigm is becoming a suitable approach to address the demand for distributed and reconfigurable control systems in industrial and factory automation environments. This paper discusses a decision support system approach for the conflict resolution and exception handling in a service-oriented control architecture for industrial automation, that uses high-level Petri nets to implement the system process control. The proposed decision support system is based on two granularity levels, one related to decision mechanisms embedded in local control components and other related to upper and global intelligent entities that provide decision-making services.
Real-time compensation of phase drift for phase-encoded quantum key distribution systems (2011)

Phase drift is an inherent problem in phase-encoded quantum key distribution(QKD) systems.The current active phase tracking and compensation solutions cannot satisfy the requirements of a system with nonlinearity in phase modulation.This paper presents a four-phase scanning method,which is based on the quantitative analysis of the quantum bit error rate(QBER) from phasedrift and the performance requirements of phase compensation.By obtaining the four interference fringes and adjusting the codingmatrix of the system,this method automatically calculates the accurate driving voltages for the phase modulator.The implementation and experimental tests show that the proposed method can compensate phase drift caused by environmental changes and the system's nonlinearity,and is applicable to large-scale QKD networks.
What an Organization Should Know About Using Electronic Cash (1997)

Each day, financial institutions move trillions of dollars over private networks; businesses make and receive payments electronically, and consumers pay for goods and services with credit cards. The security risks associated with these electronic payment systems are well understood. However, several new forms of electronic commerce have relatively unexplored risks. They are smart cards and Internet-based commerce.
Area and timing estimation for lookup table based FPGAs (1996)

The importance of efficient area and timing estimation techniques is well-established in High-Level Synthesis (HLS), since it allows more efficient exploration of the design space while providing HLS tools with the capability of predicting the effects of technology-specific tools on the design space. Much of previous work has focused on estimation techniques that use very simple cost models based solely on the gate and/or literal count. Those models are not accurate enough to allow effective design space exploration since the effects of interconnect can indeed dominate the final design cost. The situation becomes even worse when the design is targeted to Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technologies since the wire delay may contribute up to 60% of the overall design delay. In this paper, we present an approach of estimating area and timing for lookup table based FPGAs that takes into account not only gate area and delay but also the wiring effects. We select Xilinx XC4000 series as our main concentration because of their popularity. We tested our estimator with several benchmarks and the results show that we can get accurate area and timing estimates efficiently.
[Tumor recurrence prevention using photodynamic therapy after treatment of bladder cancer]. (1995)

Photodynamic therapy with hematoporphyrin derivative was given to 21 patients with recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Each patient received red light (630nm) derived from a gold-vapor laser machine into the bladder. The light dose was given to the whole bladder by using the bulb diffuser with power density ranging from 36 to 72J/cm2. All patients had a complete response at 6 months. Three of the 21 patients had tumor recurrence at 12 months. This new light delivery system appears to be effective in the prevention of bladder cancer. Photochemotherapy is as useful as bladder chemotherapy. Its preventive effect will be elevated if it is repeated 6-12 months after first treatment.
ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A1 Mediates the Beneficial Effects of the Liver X Receptor Agonist GW3965 on Object Recognition Memory and Amyloid Burden in Amyloid Precursor Protein/Presenilin 1 Mice* (2010)

The cholesterol transporter ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) moves lipids onto apolipoproteins including apolipoprotein E (apoE), which is the major cholesterol carrier in the brain and an established genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD). In amyloid mouse models of AD, ABCA1 deficiency exacerbates amyloidogenesis, whereas ABCA1 overexpression ameliorates amyloid load, suggesting a role for ABCA1 in Aβ metabolism. Agonists of liver X receptors (LXR), including GW3965, induce transcription of several genes including ABCA1 and apoE, and reduce Aβ levels and improve cognition in AD mice. However, the specific role of ABCA1 in mediating beneficial responses to LXR agonists in AD mice is unknown. We evaluated behavioral and neuropathogical outcomes in GW3965-treated female APP/PS1 mice with and without ABCA1. Treatment of APP/PS1 mice with GW3965 increased ABCA1 and apoE protein levels. ABCA1 was required to observe significantly elevated apoE levels in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid upon therapeutic (33 mg/kg/day) GW3965 treatment. At 33 mg/kg/day, GW3965 was also associated with a trend toward redistribution of Aβ to the carbonate-soluble pool independent of ABCA1. APP/PS1 mice treated with either 2.5 or 33 mg/kg/day of GW3965 showed a clear trend toward reduced amyloid burden in hippocampus and whole brain, whereas APP/PS1-treated mice lacking ABCA1 failed to display reduced amyloid load in the whole brain and showed trends toward increased hippocampal amyloid. Treatment of APP/PS1 mice with either dose of GW3965 completely restored novel object recognition memory to wild-type levels, which required ABCA1. These results suggest that ABCA1 contributes to several beneficial effects of the LXR agonist GW3965 in APP/PS1 mice.
Mild-explosive and local-to-mild-explosive autoregressions with serially correlated errors (2018)

This paper firstly extends the results of Phillips and Magdalinos (2007a) by allowing for anti-persistent errors in mildly explosive autoregressive models. It is shown that the Cauchy asymptotic theory remains valid for the least squares (LS) estimator. The paper then extends the results of Phillips, Magdalinos and Giraitis (2010) by allowing for serially correlated errors of various forms in local-to mild-explosive autoregressive models. It is shown that the result of smooth transition in the limit theory between local-to-unity and mild-explosiveness remains valid for the LS estimator. Finally, the limit theory for autoregression with intercept is developed.
Simulation of light emission from thin-film microcavities (1998)

In light-emitting devices based on thin-film technology, light waves that are partially or totally reflected at interfaces between different materials interfere and influence the angular distribution of the emitted light. For an electrical dipole transition, the radiation pattern is equivalent to that of an electrical dipole antenna. New theoretical expressions are provided for the radiation, discriminating for polarization, emission angle, absorption, and transmission; and the numerical calculation of discrete modes, narrow modes, and evanescent waves near absorbing media is discussed.
Neoplastic seeding complicating percutaneous ethanol injection for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. (1992)

The authors describe a case of subcutaneous neoplastic seeding in the abdominal wall in a 67-year-old man with posthepatitic liver cirrhosis complicated by a single nodule of well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. He was treated with percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) performed under ultrasound guidance. The neoplastic seeding developed along the needle track used to carry out fine-needle biopsy and PEI and was diagnosed 6 months after the beginning of treatment.
Genetic and environmental factors affecting the development of atopy through age 4 in children of atopic parents: a prospective randomized study of food allergen avoidance (1992)

The effect of food allergen avoidance, as well as other environmental and genetic factors, on the development of atopy were determined in this follow‐up report of a prospective randomized controlled study of 288 infants of atopic parents, in which 78% were available for evaluation at age 4 years. The prophylactictreated group consisted of mothers who avoided cow milk. egg. and peanut during the last trimester of pregnancy and lactation and of infants who avoided cow milk until 1 year (casein hydrolysate supplementation prior to 1 year) and egg, peanut, and fish until after 2 years. The control group consisted of maternal/infant pairs who followed standard feeding practices. The cumulative prevalence of food allergy and food sensitization remained lower in the prophylactic treated group from 1 to 4 years of age. However, the period (current) prevalence of food allergy in both study groups was similar (about 5%) at 3 and 4 years. Such findings suggest that period prevalence may represent the more appropriate measure to assess the impact of intervention measures on the development of atopic disease at older ages. Prophylactic‐treated children evidenced lower levels of IgG beta lacloglobulin (BLG) at 4 months and I and 2 years (p < 0.0001) and lower IgG ovalbumen/ovomucoid (OVA) levels only at 2 years (p < 0.001). Both groups evidenced similar prevalences of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and positive inhalant skin tests from birth to 4 years. Children with food allergy evidenced higher 4 year cumulative prevalences of allergic rhinitis and asthma (p < 0.05). Risk factors for atopic disease by age 4 years were shown by multivariate analysis (p < 0.05) to include (1) unrestricted diet and elevated cord blood IgE with food allergy, (2) male gender and lower paternal level of education with asthma, and (3) non‐caucasian ethnicity and spring/summer birth with atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis. Serum IgE levels were not significantly different between groups at 3 and 4 years, despite their being a trend towards lower serum IgE levels in the prophylactic‐treated group at 4 months (p < 0.07). In the control group, formula feeding prior to 4 months was associated with higher 4 month serum IgE levels (p < 0.05). Stepwise linear regression revealed that serum IgE variability from birth to 4 years was influenced by male gender, non‐caucasian ethnicity, maternal and paternal serum IgE levels, 4 month IgG BLG levels, positive food and inhalant skin tests, and the development of atopic dermatitis, food allergy, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. These findings demonstrate the strength of genetic factors and their modulation by dietary and envi‐ronmental influences in the development of atopy and reveal that the reduction in food allergy in infancy by maternal/infant food allergen avoidance fails to affect respiratory allergy development from birth to 4 years.
A Probabilistic Inventory Model for Deteriorating Items with Ramp Type Demand Rate under Inflation (2016)

In this paper we developed a general inventory model for deteriorating items with constant deterioration rate and ramp type demand under stock dependent consumption rate. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged. The backlogging rate of unsatisfied demand is assumed as a decreasing function of waiting time. The effect of inflation and time value of money is introduced into the model. The deterioration of the product is assumed as probabilistic to make the model more realistic one. The partially backorder rate is assumed as a decline exponential function of waiting time. The purpose of our study is to determine the optimal replenishment policy for maximize the total profit. Numerical examples are also given to demonstrate the developed model.
The Motor Thalamus in Neurosurgery (2005)

The motor thalamus is an important target for the treatment of tremor. It receives afferents from the cerebellum, globus pallidus internus, and substantia nigra and projects mainly to the motor cortex, premotor cortex, and supplementary motor area. Various nomenclatures have been proposed to subdivide the motor thalamus, none of which are universally accepted. Both thalamic lesions and high-frequency stimulation ameliorate tremor in diverse pathological conditions. Modern neurophysiological techniques have allowed the recording of the activity of thalamic neurons in patients with different clinical conditions. This has provided a better understanding of the functions of the motor thalamus in humans. The aim of the present article is to briefly review the major anatomic and physiological aspects of the motor thalamus as well as the electrophysiological findings described in humans undergoing surgical procedures.
Carboxyl terminated polyamide 12 chain extension by reactive extrusion using a dioxazoline coupling agent. Part I: Extrusion parameters analysis (2000)

Abstract Condensation reaction between a carboxyl terminated polyamide 12 (CTPA) ( Mn = 2000 g mol −1 ) and a dioxazoline [2,2′‐(1,3‐phenylene)‐bis(2‐oxazoline)] (OO) was achieved by reactive extrusion. Extrusion parameters effects on the process were analyzed through residence time distribution (RTD) and conversion distribution (CD) evolutions. RTD was measured using ultraviolet and ultrasonic detectable tracers. RTD measured along the extruder screws showed a decrease of the dimensionless variance (σ ) with the reaction progress. Comparing measured molar masses and dispersity with those calculated using CD, competition between condensation and chain scission was detected. Effects of barrel temperature, screw profile, rotation speed and viscous dissipation on the reactive system evolution were analyzed and used for the process optimization. It was shown that a polyester amide with a Dp n 12 can be obtained using this dioxazoline coupling agent by reactive extrusion.
Rationalizing Lead Optimization by Associating Quantitative Relevance with Molecular Structure Modification (2009)

Historically, one of the characteristic activities of the medicinal chemist has been the iterative improvement of lead compounds until a suitable therapeutic entity is achieved. Often referred to as lead optimization, this process typically takes the form of minor structural modifications to an existing lead in an attempt to ameliorate deleterious attributes while simultaneously trying to maintain or improve desirable properties. The cumulative effect of this exercise performed over the course of several decades of pharmaceutical research by thousands of trained researchers has resulted in large collections of pharmaceutically relevant chemical structures. As far as the authors are aware, this work represents the first attempt to use that data to define a framework to quantifiably catalogue and summate this information into a medicinal chemistry expert system. A method is proposed that first comprehensively mines a compendium of chemical structures compiling the structural modifications, abridges them to rectify artificially inflated support levels, and then performs an association rule mining experiment to ascribe relative confidences to each transformation. The result is a catalogue of statistically relevant structural modifications that can potentially be used in a number of pharmaceutical applications.
Guidewire assisted cephalic vein cutdown for insertion of totally implantable access ports (2007)

The presented technique is easy and simple. It can be used where there are difficulties in insertion of the catheter by cephalic vein cutdown method.
Movement of rice yellow mottle virus between xylem cells through pit membranes (1998)

The translocation of rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) within tissues of inoculated and systemically infected Oryza sativa L. leaves was characterized by Western immunoblotting, Northern blotting, and electron microscopy of thin sections. In inoculated leaves, RYMV RNA and coat protein first were detected at 3 and 5 days postinoculation, respectively. By 6 days postinoculation, RYMV had spread systemically to leaves, and virus particles were observed in most cell types, including epidermal, mesophyll, bundle sheath, and vascular parenchyma cells. Most of the virions accumulated in large crystalline patches in xylem parenchyma cells and sieve elements. Colocalization of a cell wall marker for cellulosic beta-(1-4)-D-glucans and anti-RYMV antibodies over vessel pit membranes suggests a pathway for virus migration between vessels. We propose that the partial digestion of pit membranes resulting from programmed cell death may permit virus migration through them, concomitant with autolysis. In addition, displacement of the Ca2+ from pit membranes to virus particles may contribute to the disruption of the pit membranes and facilitate systemic virus transport.
Orientation suppression in fibers spun from polymer melt blends (1986)

Abstract The addition of very small amounts of carefully selected polymers by melt blending has been found to radically change the flow properties at spinning of conventional polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate, nylon 66, and polypropylene. This has a large effect on spun properties, especially at high wind‐up speeds. The additive polymers used have included liquid crystal polymers, polyethlene, polyethylene glycol, and nylon 66. A major phenomen is a considerable lowering of spun orientation, or wind‐up speed suppression. In order to activate the non‐liquid crystal polymers to achieve this effect special spinning conditions are necessary. The mechanism is viewed as being nonuniform extensional flow in a two‐phase system and not molecular interaction.