gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Investigation of bone growth into porous metal implants (author's transl)]. (1979)

Stainless-steel cylinders of different pore size were implanted into the tibia, and small tubes, 500 micrometers diameter, of the same material into the iliac crests of 19 rabbits. It was found that after three weeks ingrowing bone tissue anchored the cylinders if the pore size was adequate. The same applied to the tubes. A stable implantation was the prerequisite for the ingrowth of fibre-bone trabeculae. Additionally, the use of fibrinogen adhesive system seems to be advantageous for this anchorage. These results were established by mechanical tensile tests and morphological examinations.
Genome Resources to Boost Canines' Role in Gene Hunts (2004)

The strict breeding practices that produce champion purebred dogs are proving a boon to geneticists. New results suggest that our pedigreed canine companions may be a major help in finding the genetic keys to common human afflictions such as cancer, diabetes, and mental disorders.
OPN01-4: WiMAX Access using Optical Wireless Technology with Heterodyne Detection in Turbulent Atmospheric Channels (2006)

The overarching goal of this work is to assess optical wireless technology with heterodyne detection as a potential distributor of WiMAX traffic in metro/access networks. At the transmitter, we consider optical wireless communication via orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) as a form of multi-subcarrier modulation (MSM). At the receiver, heterodyne detection is used to produce an output signal at a carrier frequency specified by the WiMAX standard. We incorporate adaptive modulation, atmospheric turbulence, laser linearity and receiver noise to derive symbol error and outage probability expressions, and compare the findings to an analogous direct-detection (DD) system. Results indicate that with local oscillator power Pl = -10 dBm, heterodyne detection (HD) outperforms DD by over 10 dB at error probability Ps = 10 9 for all modulation formats, in both non-fading and fading channels. This translates to a 3-fold increase in link length over analogous DD systems. Outage probability analysis reveals a similar trend, with HD outperforming DD by 7-15 dB for all cases considered.
A Comparative Study of the Ability of Different Techniques to Extract Menthol from Mentha piperita (2003)

Supercritical fluid extraction, direct thermal desorption, hydroalcoholic extraction, and atomization are used to extract menthol from leaf plants of Mentha piperita. The investigated methods are comparatively evaluated on the basis of their reliability to determine the enantiomeric distribution of menthol. The enantioselectivity required for the gas chromatographic analysis is achieved using Octakis (2,6-di-O-n-pentyl-3-O-butyryl)-gamma-cyclodextrin as the stationary phase. From the obtained results, it is established that there is a significant effect of the combination of pressure and temperature to achieve the effective isolation and fractionation of the less and most volatile compounds using supercritical fluids.
Model predictive Control of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine dynamics (2006)

The homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion principle lacks direct ignition timing control, instead the auto-ignition depends on the operating condition and fast combustion phasing control is necessary for reliable operation. A six-cylinder heavy-duty HCCI engine was controlled on a cycle-to-cycle basis in real time using a variety of sensors, actuators and control structures for control of the HCCI combustion in comparison. Combustion phasing control based on ion current was compared to feedback control based on cylinder pressure. Two actuators were compared, dual fuel and variable valve actuation (VVA). Model-based control synthesis requiring dynamic models of low complexity and HCCI combustion models were estimated by system identification and by physical modeling. The models identified by system identification were used to design model-predictive control (MPC) with several desirable features and today applicable to relatively fast systems. Both control of the combustion phasing and control of load-torque with simultaneous minimization of the fuel consumption and emissions were included
Excessive cycling converts PCR products to randomlength higher molecular weight fragments (1991)

During the development of a method to sequence PCR products from cell lysates of Salmonella hisD3052 revertants generated in the Ames mutagenicity assay (1), we wondered why PCR reactions greater than 30 cycles often resulted in reduced amounts of specific product and also produced smears on agarose gels. To investigate this effect, two 100- 1 PCR reactions, identical except for the primer concentrations (50-pmol or 100-pmol), were performed as described below, and 5-/tl aliquots were removed after 20, 26, 32, 38, and 44 cycles. These aliquots were electrophoresed on a 1 % agarose/2% NuSieve GTG agarose gel, Southern blotted to nitrocellulose, and hybridized with a Pendlabeled oligonucleotide probe by standard methods. The results are displayed in lanes 6-15 of Figure la and lb. Maximum amplification of the 328-bp product in the two parallel reactions occurred at about 26 cycles. Upon further cycling, specific product yield was reduced, additional bands appeared, and a smear developed. As can be seen in lane 10, the specific product has nearly disappeared after 44 cycles. The Southern blot hybridization also shows this effect and demonstrates that the smear contains sequences internal to the specific PCR fragment. Comparison of the higher cycles of the 50-pmol reaction to those of the 100-pmol reaction (lanes 9, 10 and 14, 15) reveals that in the latter case the loss of product has not progressed to the same extent. When a 60°C annealing temperature for 36 cycles was used (lane 2, 5°C higher than lanes 6-15), the smearing was eliminated.
The Effect of Impurities on Formation and Growth of L-Glutamic Acid Nuclei by Secondary Nucleation (1982)

溶液中の光透過度と電導度の経時変化ならびに最終生成結晶の粒度分布から, 攪拌系水溶液からのL-グルタミン酸2次核の発生と成長に及ぼす数種のアミノ酸 (L-フェニルアラニン, L-ロイシン, L-バリン) の不純物効果を動力学的に究明した.これらの実験より, 次のような結果が得られた.1) 同一条件下では, 不純物アミノ酸は, 以下の順序で結晶内に取り込まれ易い : L-アスパラギン酸>L-バリン>L-フェニルアラニン=L-ロイシン.2) これらの不純物は核の発生と成長を抑え, γminを大きくする.ここで, γminは2次核化を引き起こす結晶の中で最小のものである.3) これらの不純物効果は, 取り込まれにくい不純物ほど強い.
Fibrosis in Ulcerative Colitis (2014)

Chronic intestinal inflammation and impaired tissue repair leading to intestinal fibrosis are a commonly observed complication in inflammatory bowel disease. This is particularly true for small bowel Crohn's disease. However, the development of fibrosis in ulcerative colitis has remained largely unexplored. This is surprising, given knowledge about its prevalence for decades, well described histopathologic features of fibrotic and stricturing ulcerative colitis, the relevance of the extracellular matrix for intestinal inflammation and fibrosis, and the clinical impact of fibrosis on stricture formation, motility, and the necessary discrimination from colonic malignancy. This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge of ulcerative colitis-related fibrosis, including epidemiology, basic mechanisms, histopathology, and clinical implications.
Characterization of the NADPH-dependent metabolism of 17beta-estradiol to multiple metabolites by human liver microsomes and selectively expressed human cytochrome P450 3A4 and 3A5. (2001)

We characterized the NADPH-dependent metabolism of 17beta-estradiol (E2) by liver microsomes from 21 male and 12 female human subjects. A large number of radioactive estrogen metabolite peaks were detected following incubations of [3H]E2 with male or female human liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH. The structures of 18 hydroxylated or keto estrogen metabolites formed by these microsomes were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. 2-Hydroxylation (the formation of 2-OH-E2 and 2-OH-E1) was the dominant metabolic pathway with all human liver microsomes tested. The average ratio of 4-OH-E2 to 2-OH-E2 formation was approximately 1:6. A new monohydroxylated E2 metabolite (chemical structure unidentified) was found to be one of the major metabolites formed by human liver microsomes of both genders. 6beta-OH-E2 and 16beta-OH-E2 were also formed in significant quantities, but products of estrogen 16alpha-hydroxylation (16alpha-OH-E2 + 16alpha-OH-E1) were quantitatively minor metabolites. In addition, many other estrogen metabolites such as 6-keto-E2, 6alpha-OH-E2, 7alpha-OH-E2, 12beta-OH-E2, 15alpha-OH-E2, 15beta-OH-E2, 16beta-OH-E1, and 16-keto-E2 were also formed in relatively small quantities. The overall profiles for the E2 metabolites formed by male and female human liver microsomes were similar, and their average rates were not significantly different. The activity of testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation (a selective probe for CYP3A4/5 activity) strongly correlated with the rate of formation of 2-OH-E2, 4-OH-E2, and several other hydroxyestrogen metabolites by both male and female liver microsomes. The dominant role of hepatic CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in the formation of these hydroxyestrogen metabolites was further confirmed by incubations of selectively expressed human CYP3A4 or CYP3A5 with [3H]E2 and NADPH.
Human face detection system using HSV (2010)

We are reporting the results of an enhanced performance human face detection using HSV color model without sacrificing the speed of detection. The proposed algorithm has been tested on standard images and gave very reasonable results, 12-28s for the speed of detection and 93- 100% performance with almost no false alarms.

The algorithm includes skin classifications, 8-and 4- connectivity operations and developed face and nonface criteria. The work completed using MATLAB.
Mobile LCD device with transparent infrared image sensor panel for touch and hover sensing (2012)

In this paper, we propose a novel mobile LCD device for simultaneous touch and hover sensing. A transparent infrared image sensor panel allows the device to display contents and to detect touch and hover actions alternately. The proposed system has an advantage over touch screen devices in that a user interacts with a mobile device by not only touching the display screen but also hovering over the display screen.
Molecular Determinants of Bim(BH3) Peptide Binding to Pro-Survival Proteins (2012)

Proteins of the Bcl-2 family regulate apoptosis through the formation of heterodimers between antiapoptotic or pro-survival proteins and proapoptotic or pro-death proteins. Overexpression of antiapoptotic proteins not only contributes to the progression of many cancers, but also confers resistance to the chemo- and radiotherapeutic treatments. It has been demonstrated that peptides containing the BH3 domain of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members are able to bind and inhibit antiapoptotic proteins. For this reason, the design of small molecules mimicking the BH3 domain of proapoptotic proteins has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment during the last years. However, BH3 domains exhibit different affinities for binding to antiapoptotic proteins; whereas Bim(BH3) and Puma(BH3) are able to bind all antiapoptotic proteins, others like Bad(BH3) and Bmf(BH3) show preference for some proteins over others. Consequently, the ability of a BH3-mimetic to kill tumor cells will depend on the BH3 peptide used as template and thus will have a selective or pan-inhibition effect. Recently, it has been suggested that this last approach could be interesting. Therefore, the present work is aimed to elucidate how the nonselective peptide Bim(BH3) is able to bind to all of the Bcl-2 family antiapoptotic proteins. To unravel the molecular determinants of this pan-inhibition, we used the MM-PB/GBSA approaches to calculate the binding free energy of the different complexes studied and to determine which residues of the peptide have the largest contribution to complex formation. Results obtained in the present work show that the binding of Bim(BH3) to pro-survival proteins is mainly hydrophobic and that specific interactions are fully distributed along the peptide sequence.
Correlation of anti-calreticulin antibody titers with improved overall survival in a phase 2 clinical trial of algenpantucel-L immunotherapy for patients with resected pancreatic cancer. (2014)

3029 Background: Algenpantucel-L immunotherapy consists of allogeneic pancreatic cancer cells that have been genetically modified to express the carbohydrate α(1,3)Gal, to which humans have an inherent pre-existing immunity. It is αGal that is primarily responsible for the hyperacute rejection of foreign tissue via this potent immune defense mechanism in humans. Algenpantucel-L leverages this mechanism to educate the immune system towards components of the patients’ own tumor cells. Calreticulin is a calcium-binding chaperone protein that functions in the immune response by folding major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and influencing antigen presentation to cytotoxic T cells. In pre-clinical models, drugs that induce cell surface CALR confer enhanced tumor protection. Components of algenpantucel-L express cell surface CALR. Methods: An open-label, 71 patient multicenter phase II study evaluating algenpantucel-L plus standard of care gemcitabine with 5-FU-XRT for resected pancreatic cancer was conducted. Endpoints included DFS at 1 year, OS, and immunologic analysis. Evaluable patients (n=64) were tested for the induction of anti-CALR Ab by ELISA. Increased titers greater than 20% relative to baseline were considered significant (p<0.001). Results: The study reached its endpoint at 1 year with DFS of 62% and OS of 86%. Thirty-one of 64 patients (48%) had increased anti-CALR Ab. Patients responding with an increase in anti-CALR Ab had a median OS of 35.8 months compared to 19.2 months for patients without an increase. The positive correlation between increased anti-CALR Ab and improved median OS was statistically significant (p=0.03). Conclusions: This study of algenpantucel-L with SOC for resected pancreatic cancer compared favorably to historical controls. Induction of anti-CALR Ab after therapy correlates with improved survival. Immunological monitoring of algenpantucel-L immunotherapy with this biomarker is feasible and might predict patient response to therapy. Follow up studies are in progress in a multi-institutional, phase III study which recently completed enrollment. Clinical trial information: NCT00569387.
Impact of Synthetic-Based Drilling Fluids on Oilwell Cementing Operations (1999)

Abstract This paper presents chemistries of new synthetic-based muds and describes how they affect cement-spacer design. The paper also shows how new fluids and spacers affect the hydraulic bonding of oilwell cements to casings and formations. It discusses the polarity and dispersibility of various synthetic-based fluids and how their chemistry influences cement bonding. Insights into designing new surfactant packages for displacement fluids are provided. Other oil-based fluids are reviewed and compared to the new synthetic fluids. Also presented are new fluid system formulations and other factors affecting drilling performance vs. cementing. Rising drilling and completion costs, along with an increased awareness of sensitive environmental concerns, have placed more emphasis on effective annular sealing during the primary cement job. Synthetic-based drilling fluids have strong oil-wetting characteristics. Therefore, the following considerations should be made before cement can be successfully pumped behind these fluids: (1) the annular fluid (drilling mud) should be physically displaced by another fluid, and (2) the displacement fluid should leave the casing and formation water-wet. Laboratory experiments testing compatibility and shear bond presented in this paper demonstrate techniques used for cementing behind the new synthetic-based drilling fluids.
Modeling tree effects on path loss in a residential environment (1998)

A theoretical model is proposed to compute the path loss in a vegetated residential environment, with particular application to mobile radio systems. As in the past, rows of houses or blocks of buildings are viewed as diffracting cylinders lying on the Earth and the canopy of the trees is located adjacent to and above the houses/buildings. In this approach, a row of houses or buildings is represented by an absorbing screen and the adjacent canopy of trees by a partially absorbing phase screen. The phase-screen properties are found by finding the mean field in the canopy of the tree. Physical optics (PO) is then used to evaluate the diffracting field at the receiver level by using a multiple Kirchhoff-Huygens integration for each absorbing/phase half-screen combination.
Events-Based Security Monitoring Using MMT Tool (2012)

MMT (Mont image Monitoring Tool) is a monitoring solution that combines: data capture, filtering and storage, events extraction, statistics collection, traffic analysis and reporting. In the context of the PIMI and DIAMONDS projects, Mont image is developing MMT-Security: a security analysis solution (part of MMT) that inspects network traffic against a set of security properties denoting both security rules and attacks. This tool has been applied to an industrial case study provided by Thales Group that consists of a QoS-aware ad-hoc radio communication protocol.
Purification and Properties of N-Acyl-D-Mannosamine Dehydrogenase from Flavobacterium sp.141-8 (1988)

A new enzyme, N-acyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase, was purified to apparent homogeneity from a cell-free extract of Flavobacterium sp. 141-8 and some of its properties were investigated. The enzyme showed optimum activity at pH 8.0-9.5. N-Acetyl- and N-glycolyl-D-mannosamine were oxidized but other commonly existing sugars, such as N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, amino sugars, neutral hexoses, and pentoses, were not oxidized. NAD+ was specifically utilized as an effective hydrogen acceptor. The apparent Km values for N-acetyl- and N-glycolyl-D-mannosamine, and NAD+ were 1.0, 13.3, and 0.41 mM, respectively. The stoichiometry data showed that 1 mol each of N-acetyl-D-mannosamine and NAD+ were converted to 1 mol each of N-acetyl-D-mannosaminic acid and NADH, respectively. Although the formation of lactone was detected in the enzyme reaction mixture, the reverse reaction of the enzyme, the reduction of N-acetyl-D-mannosamino-lactone, was not observed. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by Hg2+ and SDS, but metal-chelating reagents and sulfhydryl-group-blocking reagents had almost no effect. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 120,000 on gel filtration and 29,000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its isoelectric point was at pH 4.8. On trial application of the enzyme, it was indicated that N-acetylneuraminic acid can be determined quantitatively with the combined enzyme system involving the new enzyme and N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase.
Perceptual transform coding of wideband stereo signals (2003)

The author reports on the extension of the entropy-coded perceptual transform coder (ECPTC) to stereo signals. The stereo ECPTC exploits both the redundancy in the stereo signal and the effects of acoustic mixing in the listening environment in order to encode the stereo signal at a bit rate much less than twice that for a monophonic signal. This coder uses the perceptual threshold developed by the author (IEEE J. Selected Areas in Commun. vol.6, no.2, p.314-23, Feb. 1988) along with a noiseless compression scheme to provide a bit-rate reduction of approximately one third compared to that for two independent monophonic channels. Typical rates available from the coder are 64 kb/s for a 6.6-kHz bandwidth, 14-kHz sampling rate transparent monophonic channel, 128 kb/s for a 15-kHz bandwidth, 32-kHz sampling rate stereo channel with FM or better quality, and 192 kb/s for a 20-kHz bandwidth, 44.1-kHz sampling rate stereo channel with perceived quality equal to that of the original signal. The 64-kb/s, 128-kb/s, and 192-kb/s rates correspond to ISDN (integrated services digital network) 1B, 2B, and 3B rates respectively, suggesting applications within the ISDN framework.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Remanent electrical spin injection from Fe into AlGaAs∕GaAs light emitting diodes (2006)

We compare surface and edge emission electroluminescence of spin-polarized light emitting diodes with Fe contacts. The edge emission geometry permits transduction of the spin state variable between the electron spin and optical polarization utilizing the in-plane remanent magnetization and low coercive fields of the metal contacts. The spin injection efficiencies are similar for electron spins oriented normal to the surface plane and in plane. The lower circular polarization consistently observed in edge emission at low magnetic fields is attributed to a partial out-of-plane orientation of the heavy hole angular momentum which persists even in wide quantum wells.
Fast simulation of triaxial borehole induction measurements acquired in axially symmetrical and transversely isotropic media (2009)

Abstract We introduce and successfully test an efficient method to simulate triaxial borehole electromagnetic (EM) induction measurements acquired in axially symmetrical and transversely isotropic (TI) media. The method uses a Fourier series expansion to express the azimuthal dependence of EM fields and the source term whereby the essentially 3D problem collapses to a series of independent 2D problems. Each 2D problem is solved with a semianalytic method that uses normalized Bessel functions and normalized Hankel functions to express the radial dependence of EM fields, thereby improving numerical stability. In addition, use is made of amplitude and slope basis functions to describe the longitudinal dependence of EM fields to avoid grid refinement in the vicinity of horizontal formation boundaries. For validation, we compare the new simulation method to two 1D analytic methods in horizontally and radially layered formations, and to one 3D finite-difference method (3DFD) in multilayered formations that include borehole and invasion zones. Numerical results indicate that the method is accurate in formations with high conductivity contrasts compared to 1D methods and is more than ten times more efficient than the 3DFD method in multilayer formations.
Homocysteine‐lowering therapy or antioxidant therapy for bone loss in Parkinson's disease (2009)

We investigated whether homocysteine (Hcy)- lowering therapy or an antioxidant prevented bone loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients taking levodopa. Forty-two PD patients with low bone mineral density (BMD) taking levodopa were randomly assigned to Hcy-lowering therapy (5 mg folate and 1500 microg vitamin B(12) daily), alpha-lipoic acid (alpha-LA) therapy (1200 mg daily), or control groups. Primary outcomes were BMD changes from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcomes were changes in Hcy level, and C-telopeptide (CTX) levels at 12 months. Forty-one patients completed the study. Hcy-lowering therapy resulted in significantly greater BMD changes at the lumbar spine (4.4%), total femur (2.8%), and femur shaft (2.8%) than control (P = 0.005-0.023). BMD changes in the alpha-LA therapy group were similar to those of the control group, but changes at the trochanter (4.6%) were significantly greater in the alpha-LA therapy group than in the control group after adjustment for body mass index changes. Hcy concentrations decreased to 35.2% +/- 13.4% in the Hcy-lowering therapy group, but increased in other groups. Serum CTX levels at 12 months tended to be lower in the Hcy-lowering group (0.442 +/- 0.024 ng/mL) than control group (0.628 +/- 0.039 ng/mL) (P = 0.159). This small trial suggests that Hcy-lowering therapy may prevent bone loss in PD patients taking levodopa.