gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of lactic acid fermentation of onions (<i>Allium cepa</i>) on the composition of flavonol glucosides (2007)

Summary Fermentation of red onions inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum S1 (starter treatment) resulted in acid production to pH 4.5, after 48 h of incubation at 19 °C, which has proven to be adequate for proper preservation. In the presence of erythromycin (starter + antibiotic), acidification to pH 5.2 resulted, which was similar to that of the uninoculated control. The bacterial population was about 10 8 CFU mL −1 of brine after 3 days for the three treatments, suggesting that in the starter + antibiotic treatment, the antibiotic effectively suppressed the activity of the starter but not the native flora. Before lactic fermentation, the red onions contained 297.4 mg of total quercetin (Q) per kg wet weight, which consisted of 58.3%, 41.6% and 0.1% in quercetin diglucoside (Qdg), quercetin monoglucoside (Qmg) and free Q, respectively. For the starter treatment, Qdg decreased to 41.8% and 18.3% at 48 and 72 h, respectively, and a substantial amount of free Q had accumulated. The fermentation substantially increased the proportion of Qmg, which may have a positive effect as fractions containing higher ratios of Qmg to Qdg have been reported to have higher antioxidant activity.
Influence of Maternal Antibodies on Efficacy of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Vaccination To Protect Pigs from Experimental Infection with PCV2 (2007)

Due to the ubiquitous nature of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in the pig population and the increasing use of PCV2 vaccines in breeding herds, the majority of dams have been exposed to field PCV2 or PCV2 vaccines, resulting in piglets with varied levels of passively acquired PCV2 maternal antibodies. The objective of the current research was to investigate the influence of passively acquired anti-PCV2 antibodies on PCV2 vaccine efficacy. Sixty 26-day-old pigs were divided into four groups: vaccinated pigs with no maternal PCV2 antibodies at the time of vaccination (VAC-NEG; n = 9), vaccinated pigs with maternal PCV2 antibodies at the time of vaccination (VAC-POS; n = 21), nonvaccinated pigs with no maternal antibodies at the time of challenge (NVAC-CNEG; n = 15), and nonvaccinated pigs with maternal antibodies at the time of challenge (NVAC-CPOS; n = 15). Vaccinations and challenges were performed on trial days 0 and 28, respectively, according to group designation. The pigs were monitored for clinical signs of disease daily and weighed weekly, and blood was collected weekly. All pigs were necropsied on trial day 49, and tissues were evaluated for macroscopic and microscopic lesions. Serum was evaluated using PCV2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and PCV2 IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, quantitative PCV2 PCR, and a serum PCV2 neutralizing antibody test. In comparison to NVAC-CPOS pigs, VAC-POS animals had significantly (P < 0.01) less severe microscopic PCV2-associated lymphoid lesions and significantly (P < 0.04) reduced PCV2 genomic copies in serum following PCV2 challenge. These results indicate that vaccination with Suvaxyn PCV2 One Dose reduces viremia and prevents microscopic lesions associated with PCV2 in the presence of maternal antibodies.
Antispasmodics: Esters of Heterocyclic Alcohols (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntispasmodics: Esters of Heterocyclic AlcoholsJ. A. Faust, A. Mori, and M. SahyunCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 9, 2214–2219Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01518a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01518a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Facilitation of Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐dependent exocytosis by Rac1‐GTPase in bovine chromaffin cells (2003)

Rho family GTPases are primary mediators of cytoskeletal reorganization, although they have also been reported to regulate cell secretion. Yet, the extent to which Rho family GTPases are activated by secretory stimuli in neural and neuroendocrine cells remains unknown. In bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, we found Rac1, but not Cdc42, to be rapidly and selectively activated by secretory stimuli using an assay selective for the activated GTPases. To examine effects of activated Rac1 on secretion, constitutively active mutants of Rac1 (Rac1-V12, Rac1-L61) were transiently expressed in adrenal chromaffin cells. These mutants facilitated secretory responses elicited from populations of intact and digitonin-permeabilized cells as well as from cells under whole cell patch clamp. A dominant negative Rac1 mutant (Rac1-N17) produced no effect on secretion. Expression of RhoGDI, a negative regulator of Rac1, inhibited secretory responses while overexpression of effectors of Rac1, notably, p21-activated kinase (Pak1) and actin depolymerization factor (ADF) promoted evoked secretion. In addition, expression of effector domain mutants of Rac1-V12 that exhibit reduced activation of the cytoskeletal regulators Pak1 and Partner of Rac1 (POR1) resulted in a loss of Rac1-V12-mediated enhancement of evoked secretion. These findings suggest that Rac1, in part, functions to modulate secretion through actions on the cytoskeleton. Consistent with this hypothesis, the actin modifying drugs phalloidin and jasplakinolide enhanced secretion, while latrunculin-A inhibited secretion and eliminated the secretory effects of Rac1-V12. In summary, Rac1 was activated by secretory stimuli and modulated the secretory pathway downstream of Ca2+ influx, partly through regulation of cytoskeletal organization.
Oxidative Stress–induced Antibodies to Carbonyl-modified Protein Correlate with Severity of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2011)

Carbonyl-modified proteins, arising as a result of oxidative stress, promote antibody production, providing a link by which oxidative stress could drive an autoimmune response in COPD.
Cell–substrate interactions (2010)

One of the most striking achievements of evolution is the ability to build cellular systems that are both robust and dynamic. Taken by themselves, both properties are obvious requirements: robustness reflects the fact that cells are there to survive, and dynamics is required to adapt to changing environments. However, it is by no means trivial to understand how these two requirements can be implemented simultaneously in a physical system. The long and difficult quest to build adaptive materials is testimony to the inherent difficulty of this goal. Here materials science can learn a lot from nature, because cellular systems show that robustness and dynamics can be achieved in a synergetic fashion. For example, the capabilities of tissues to repair and regenerate are still unsurpassed in the world of synthetic materials.
Sub-Image Anomaly Detection with Deep Pyramid Correspondences (2020)

Nearest neighbor (kNN) methods utilizing deep pre-trained features exhibit very strong anomaly detection performance when applied to entire images. A limitation of kNN methods is the lack of segmentation map describing where the anomaly lies inside the image. In this work we present a novel anomaly segmentation approach based on alignment between an anomalous image and a constant number of the similar normal images. Our method, Semantic Pyramid Anomaly Detection (SPADE) uses correspondences based on a multi-resolution feature pyramid. SPADE is shown to achieve state-of-the-art performance on unsupervised anomaly detection and localization while requiring virtually no training time.
Multiple-Target Drugs: Inhibitors of Heat Shock Protein 90 and of Histone Deacetylase (2005)

In spite of the improvement of conventional medical therapy for cancer treatment, the impact on cancer related mortality in the last ten years has been modest especially for advanced disease in adults. On the other hand, understanding of molecular events underlining tumor development lead to the definition of new molecular targets for novel anti-tumor therapeutical approaches. On this regard, several biotechnology products selected by academic as well as industrial research are currently in clinical trials. Epigenetics as well as post-translational modifications of proteins are emerging as novel attractive targets for anticancer therapy. In addition, the heterogeneity of tumor cells within a selected neoplastic lesions as well as the redundancy of proliferative and survival pathways present in cancer cells favor the development of single drugs that are able to affect multiple pathways. Inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 and of histone deacetylase are two novel classes of multi-target agents that entered recently in clinical studies. This review will focus on the most important issues in the development of both these classes of agents.
The Potential of a Combined Miller Cycle and Internal EGR Engine for Future Heavy Duty Truck Applications (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Using an engine simulation code (WAVE) combined with statistical experimental design and optimisation techniques, the potential of a combined Miller cycle and internal EGR heavy duty engine for future truck applications (Euro 3 and 4) has been assessed. The practical issues related to a suitable variable valve timing or actuation system and boosting strategy have been considered. It is found that, whilst internal EGR levels suitable for future European emissions legislation cycles are possible, the boost pressures needed at high load to maintain a suitable air/fuel ratio when running a valve timing strategy to give acceptable levels of in-cylinder temperature (via the Miller system) are beyond the capabilities of current technology. It is believed, however, that such a system may still be suitable for application in markets which have duty cycles less dependent upon full load operation, for example Japan and, possibly, the USA.</div>
Microsoft Excel 2010 In Depth (2010)

Excel 2010 In Depth is the beyond-the-basics, beneath-the-surface guide for everyone who wants to streamline their work with Excel 2010, and get more done in less time. Legendary Excel expert Bill Jelen provides specific, tested, proven solutions to the problems Excel users run into every day: challenges other books ignore or oversimplify. Jelen thoroughly covers all facets of working with Excel 2010, and adds new chapters on Excel Web App which allows multiple users to edit a spreadsheet simultaneously. New coverage also includes: Slicer, which offers dynamic filtering of PivotTables; Sparklines, which add data visualization to any cell; Calculation engine which improves the speed and accuracy of math, financial, and statistical functions; and the new version of Solver. As with all In Depth books, Excel 2010 In Depth presents comprehensive coverage, breakthrough techniques, exclusive shortcuts, quick access to information, troubleshooting help for tough problems, and real-world examples with nothing glossed over or left out. Step-by-step instructions with icons guide readers through essential tasks such as designing tables, entering data, importing external data, designing and executing queries, and designing data entry forms and printed reports. Additional chapters on advanced form and report design emphasize data entry efficiency and presentation clarity. By Bill Jelen, aka MrExcel, an Excel MVP and the principal behind the leading Excel website, MrExcel.com Covers all aspects of working with Excel 2010, from its updated Ribbon interface to its breakthrough collaboration and improved business intelligence For everyone who wants to get the most out of Excel 2010, from casual users to corporate professionals
An improved procedure for the preparation of chiral nonracemic N-tosyl-2-alkylaziridines and N,2-dialkylaziridines on multigram-scale (2006)

A modified and improved procedure has been developed for the preparation of chiral nonracemic N-tosyl-2-alkyl aziridines in a single step starting from readily available β-amino alcohols.The procedure relies on a one pot N-tosylation/O-tosylation/intramolecular S N displacement, which furnishes the target heterocycles in excellent yields.The application of this protocol on a multigram scale has also been explored with excellent results.In addition, the application of a similar methodology has also allowed the preparation of N-benzyl-2-alkyl aziridines.
Geometrical aspects of the interindividual variability of multilead ECG recordings (2001)

The electrocardiogram (ECG) as measured from healthy subjects shows a considerable interindividual variability. This variability is caused by geometrical as well as by physiological factors. In this study, the relative contribution of the geometrical factors is estimated. In addition a method aimed at correcting for these factors is described. First, a measure (RV) for quantifying the overall variability is presented, and for healthy individuals its value is estimated as 0.52. Next, based on a simulation study using the individual (heart-lung-torso) geometry of 25 subjects, the variability caused by geometrical factors is estimated as 0.40, indicating that in healthy subjects the RV for healthy individuals resulting from electrophysiology is of the order of 0.33. In an evaluation of the correction procedure, applied to realistic, simulated body surface potentials, it is shown that RV caused by geometrical factors can be reduced from 0.40 to 0.06. When applying the correction procedure to measured ECG data no reduction of the RV value could be demonstrated. These results indicate that the involved procedure of the inverse computation of a cardiac equivalent source, at the present time, is of insufficient quality to cash in on the substantial reduction of RV values from 0.52 down to 0.33 that might be obtainable.
Benzyl anion transfer in the fragmentation of N-(phenylsulfonyl)-benzeneacetamides: a gas-phase intramolecular S<sub>N</sub>Ar reaction (2015)

In this study, we report a gas-phase benzyl anion transfer via intramolecular aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) during the course of tandem mass spectrometry of deprotonated N-(phenylsulfonyl)-benzeneacetamide. Upon collisional activation, the formation of the initial ion/neutral complex ([C6H5CH2(-)/C6H5SO2NCO]), which was generated by heterolytic cleavage of the CH2-CO bond, is proposed as the key step. Subsequently, the anionic counterpart, benzyl anion, is transferred to conduct the intra-complex SNAr reaction. After losing neutral HNCO, the intermediate gives rise to product ion B at m/z 231, whose structure is confirmed by comparing the multistage spectra with those of deprotonated 2-benzylbenzenesulfinic acid and (benzylsulfonyl)benzene. In addition, intra-complex proton transfer is also observed within the complex [C6H5CH2(-)/C6H5SO2NCO] to generate product ion C at m/z 182. The INC-mediated mechanism was corroborated by theoretical calculations, isotope experiments, breakdown curve, substituent experiments, etc. This work may provide further understanding of the physicochemical properties of the gaseous benzyl anion.
Recording Three-Dimensional Eye Movements: Scleral Search Coils versus Video Oculography (2005)

Lower time resolution, possible instability of the head device of the video system, and inherent small instabilities of pupil tracking algorithms make the coil system the best choice when measuring eye movement responses with high precision or when involving high-frequency head motion. For less demanding and for static tests and measurements longer than a half an hour, the latest generation infrared video system is a good alternative to scleral search coils. However, the quality of torsion of the infrared video system is less compared with scleral search coils and needs further technological improvement.
In Search of Simplicity and Flexibility: A Rational Access to Twelve Fluoroindolecarboxylic Acids (2006)

Abstract All twelve indolecarboxylic acids 1 – 12 carrying both a fluorine substituent and a carboxy group at the benzo ring have been prepared either directly from the corresponding fluoroindoles 13 – 16 or from the chlorinated derivatives 22 , 23 and 25 by hydrogen/metal permutation (“metalation”), or from the bromo‐ or iodofluoroindoles 17 – 20 and 26 , 27 , 29 and 30 by halogen/metal permutation, the organometallic intermediate being each time trapped with carbon dioxide. In most, though not all cases, the nitrogen atom in the five‐membered ring had to be protected by a trialkylsilyl group. Some of the bromo‐ or iodofluoroindoles ( 26 and 27 ) were successfully subjected to a basicity gradient‐driven selective migration of the heavy halogen. An unexpected finding on the way to the target compounds were the rigorously site‐selective metalation of the 5‐fluoro‐ N ‐(trialkylsilyl)indole ( 14b ; exclusive deprotonation of the 4‐position). The fluoroindoles 13 – 16 , although previously known, were accessed more conveniently from suitably substituted nitrobenzenes using the Bartoli or the Leimgruber–Batcho method. A new and very attractive indole synthesis was elaborated consisting of the ortho ‐lithiation of an N ‐acyl‐protected aniline followed by ortho ‐formylation, Wittig chloromethylenation and base‐catalyzed cyclization accompanied by dehydrochlorination. These five consecutive steps can be contracted to a convenient one‐pot protocol.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Transcriptional profiling of genes responsive to abscisic acid and gibberellin in rice: phenotyping and comparative analysis between rice and<i>Arabidopsis</i> (2004)

We collected and completely sequenced 32,127 full-length complementary DNA clones from Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica cv. "Nipponbare." Mapping of these clones to genomic DNA revealed approximately 20,500 transcriptional units (TUs) in the rice genome. For each TU, we selected 60-mers using an algorithm that took into account some DNA conditions such as base composition and sequence complexity. Using in situ synthesis technology, we constructed oligonucleotide arrays with these TUs on glass slides. We targeted RNAs prepared from normally grown rice callus and from callus treated with abscisic acid (ABA) or gibberellin (GA). We identified 200 ABA-responsive and 301 GA-responsive genes, many of which had never before been annotated as ABA or GA responsive in other expression analysis. Comparison of these genes revealed antagonistic regulation of almost all by both hormones; these had previously been annotated as being responsible for protein storage and defense against pathogens. Comparison of the cis-elements of genes responsive to one or antagonistic to both hormones revealed that the antagonistic genes had cis-elements related to ABA and GA responses. The genes responsive to only one hormone were rich in cis-elements that supported ABA and GA responses. In a search for the phenotypes of mutants in which a retrotransposon was inserted in these hormone-responsive genes, we identified phenotypes related to seed formation or plant height, including sterility, vivipary, and dwarfism. In comparison of cis-elements for hormone response genes between rice and Arabidopsis thaliana, we identified cis-elements for dehydration-stress response as Arabidopsis specific and for protein storage as rice specific.
Rational Design of 5-(4-(Isopropylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(3-(4-((methylamino)methyl)phenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)pyrazin-2-amine (VX-970, M6620): Optimization of Intra- and Intermolecular Polar Interactions of a New Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated and Rad3-Related (ATR) Kinase Inhibitor (2019)

The DNA damage response (DDR) is a DNA damage surveillance and repair mechanism that can limit the effectiveness of radiotherapy and DNA-damaging chemotherapy, commonly used treatment modalities in cancer. Two related kinases, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM and Rad3-related kinase (ATR), work together as apical proteins in the DDR to maintain genome stability and cell survival in the face of potentially lethal forms of DNA damage. However, compromised ATM signaling is a common characteristic of tumor cells, which places greater reliance on ATR to mediate the DDR. In such circumstances, ATR inhibition has been shown to enhance the toxicity of DNA damaging chemotherapy to many cancer cells in multiple preclinical studies, while healthy tissue with functional ATM can tolerate ATR inhibition. ATR therefore represents a very attractive anticancer target. Herein we describe the discovery of VX-970/M6620, the first ATR inhibitor to enter clinical studies, which is based on a 2-aminopyrazine core first reported by Charrier ( J. Med. Chem. 2011 , 54 , 2320 - 2330 , DOI: 10.1021/jm101488z ).
Prazosin-Induced Priapism in a Diabetic (1984)

No AccessJournal of UrologyLetters to the Editor1 Dec 1984Prazosin-Induced Priapism in a Diabetic James W. Adams, and John A. Soucheray James W. AdamsJames W. Adams More articles by this author , and John A. SoucherayJohn A. Soucheray More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)50099-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Prazosin-Induced Priapism in a Diabetic." The Journal of Urology, 132(6), p. 1208 © 1984 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByDe Tejada I, Ware J, Blanco R, Pittard J, Nadig P, Azadzoi K, Krane R and Goldstein I (2018) Pathophysiology of Prolonged Penile Erection associated with Trazodone UseJournal of Urology, VOL. 145, NO. 1, (60-64), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1991.Abber J, Lue T, Luo J, Juenemann K and Tanagho E (2018) Priapism Induced by Chlorpromazine and Trazodone: Mechanism of ActionJournal of Urology, VOL. 137, NO. 5, (1039-1042), Online publication date: 1-May-1987. Volume 132Issue 6December 1984Page: 1208 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1984 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information James W. Adams More articles by this author John A. Soucheray More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Impact of photodarkening on the mode instability threshold (2015)

The threshold-like onset of mode instabilities is currently the main limitation for the scaling of the average output power of fiber laser systems with diffraction limited beam quality. In this contribution, the impact of a wavelength shift of the seed signal on the mode instability threshold has been investigated. Against expectations, it is experimentally shown that the highest mode instabilities threshold is reached around 1030 nm and not for the smallest wavelength separation between pump and signal. This finding implies that the quantum defect is not the only source of thermal heating in the fiber. Systematic experiments and simulations have helped in identifying photodarkening as the most likely second heat source in the fiber. It is shown that even a negligible photodarkening-induced power loss can lead to a decrease of the mode instabilities threshold by a factor of two. Consequently, reduction of photodarkening is a promising way to mitigate mode instabilities.