gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA Sequence Anaylysis of an Immediate-Early Gene Region of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Genome (Map Coordinates 0.950 to 0.978) (1982)

The nucleotide sequence of 4 kilobases of DNA from within the short region of the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1 has been determined. This portion of DNA contains the junctions of the terminal and inverted repeat sequence components with the unique sequence component and the 5'-regions of the genes which encode the Vmw 12, Vmw 68 and Vmw 175 immediate-early polypeptides. The transcription and translation initiation sites of all three genes and the 5' and 3' boundaries of the Vmw 12 and Vmw 68 gene introns have been localized on the DNA sequence and shown to be flanked by sequences which resemble those found in similar positions in other eukaryotic genes. For the Vmw 12 and Vmw 68 genes the promoters, the 5'-non-coding regions of the mRNAs, and the introns lie within the terminal and internal inverted repeats respectively while the polypeptide-coding regions lie in the short unique component. The introns consist largely of tandemly reiterated copies of a 22-nucleotide sequence: the Vmw 12 gene intron contains seven of these and the Vmw 68 gene intron five. The Vmw 175 gene is located entirely within the short repeats, of which those regions sequenced here have the extremely high G + C content of 78%, in marked contrast to the value of 66% obtained for the adjacent region of the unique sequence component. Prediction of the complete amino acid sequence of the Vmw 12 polypeptide, accounting for a mol. wt. of 9830, and of the first 523 amino-terminal amino acids of the Vmw 175 polypeptide has been made from the DNA sequence. The polypeptide-coding region of the Vmw 175 gene has an average G + C content of 80% but nevertheless specifies a wide range of amino acid types because of the maximal assignment of G and C residues to colon third base positions.
Maintaining Optimal Challenge in Computer Games through Real-Time Physiological Feedback (2005)

Computer based games are steadily becoming a powerful tool for entertainment and education. When the aim of the game is to keep the player maximally involved, it would be useful to continuously alter the game difficulty level in order to maintain a high level of challenge. This paper presents a framework for providing real-time feedback regarding the affective state (anxiety level) of the player to modify game difficulty. Peripheral physiological signals were measured through wearable biofeedback sensors and an anxiety-based difficulty altering methodology for a Pong game was designed and implemented. The results from affect-elicitation tasks for human participants showed that it is possible to detect affective states of anxiety, engagement, boredom and frustration through physiological sensing in real-time. Performance feedback-based and anxiety-feedback based Pong experiments were then conducted to demonstrate that the latter resulted in higher performance improvement and greater perceived challenge by the participants under lower anxiety.
Detecting anomalous records in categorical datasets (2007)

We consider the problem of detecting anomalies in high aritycategorical datasets. In most applications, anomalies are defined as datapoints that are "abnormal". Quite often we have access to data which consists mostly of normal records, a long with a small percentage of unlabelled anomalous records. We are interested in the problem of unsupervised anomaly detection, where we use the unlabelled data for training, and detect records that do not follow the definition of normality.
Low-field and high-field hopping conduction in granular metal films (1978)

Based on the assumption of compositon homogeneity, a physical picture of hopping conduction in granular metals is develped which gives temperature and electric field dependences of the conductivity in excellent agreement with experiment. The same hopping conduction picture, when coupled with the assumption about spin‐dependent tunneling, is found to explain the striking temperature variation of magnetoresistance in granular Ni‐SiO2. Two material characterization parameters, C and ≳o, are identified which respectively define the temperature and the electric field scales of granular metal systems. The relationship between C and ≳o, and the composition dependence of C are discussed.
Accurate fabrication of anamorphic microlenses and efficient collimation of tapered unstable-resonator diode lasers (1994)

Highly precise f/0.9 refractive anamorphic microlenses have been fabricated in GaP substrates by mass-transport smoothing of etched multiple-mesa structures. Astigmatic outputs from tapered unstable-resonator lasers have been collimated to a nearly round beam of near diffraction-limited 0.43° divergence. Initial good efficiencies (as high as 35%) have been obtained in coupling the laser output into a single-mode fiber. These lenses are highly promising for realizing simple compact optical systems that exploit the high power capability of tapered lasers.
Improving Region Selection in Dynamic Optimization Systems (2006)

The performance of a dynamic optimization system depends heavily on the code it selects to optimize. Many current systems follow the design of HP Dynamo and select a single interprocedural path, or trace, as the unit of code optimization and code caching. Though this approach to region selection has worked well in practice, we show that it is possible to adapt this basic approach to produce regions with greater locality, less needless code duplication, and fewer profiling counters. In particular, we propose two new region-selection algorithms and evaluate them against Dynamo's selection mechanism, next-executing tail (NET). Our first algorithm, last-executed iteration (LEI), identifies cyclic paths of execution better than NET, improving locality of execution while reducing the size of the code cache. Our second algorithm allows overlapping traces of similar execution frequency to be combined into a single large region. This second technique can be applied to both NET and LEI, and we find that it significantly improves metrics of locality and memory overhead for each.
Catalytic Oxidation of Ethylbenzene in the Liquid Phase (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic Oxidation of Ethylbenzene in the Liquid PhaseC. E. Senseman and J. J. StubbsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1933, 25, 11, 1286–1287Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50287a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50287a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Cohort study of sibling effect, infectious diseases, and risk of atopic dermatitis during first 18 months of life (2004)

Early infections do not seem to protect against allergic diseases. The protective effect of number of siblings, day care, pet ownership, and farm residence remained after adjustment for clinically apparent infectious diseases, suggesting that the effect is established independently early in life.
Immobilization of Optically Active Rhodium-Diphosphine Complexes on Porous Silica via Hydrogen Bonding (2001)

The optically pure Rh(I)-diphosphine complexes [((R)-(R)-BDPBzPSO3)Rh(nbd)] (1), [((+)-DIOP)Rh(nbd)]OTf (2), and [((S)-BINAP)Rh(nbd)]OTf (3) have been tethered to silica via hydrogen-bonding interaction of isolated silanols with a sulphonate group in either the chiral ligand or the counteranion. A preliminary study of the potential of the resulting supported hydrogen-bonded (SHB) catalysts in the heterogeneous enantioselective hydrogenation of prochiral olefins is reported.
Syndrome-Testable Design of Combinational Circuits (1980)

Classical testing of combinational circuits requires a list of the fault-free response of the circuit to the test set. For most practical circuits implemented today the large storage requirement for such a list makes such a test procedure very expensive. Moreover, the computational cost to generate the test set increases exponentially with the circuit size.
A new genetic algorithm with diploid chromosomes using probability decoding for adaptation to various environments (2010)

Abstract This paper proposes a new diploid operation technique using probability for function optimization in nonstationary environments and describes a feature of diploid genetic algorithms (GAs). The advantage of the technique over previous diploid GAs is that one genotype is transformed into many phenotypes based on probability. This transformation is not made at random. It has a certain range of probabilities. Each individual has a range. The range allows adaptation to various environments. The technique allows genes to give a probabilistic representation of dominance, and can maintain the diversity of individuals. The experimental results show that the technique can adapt to severe environmental changes where previous diploid GAs cannot adapt. This paper shows that the technique can find optimum solutions with high probability and that the distribution of individuals changes when the environment changes. In addition, by comparing the proposed diploid GA with a haploid GA whose chromosome is twice the length, the features of the diploid are described. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 93(8): 38–46, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10097
Real-time identification and localization of body parts from depth images (2010)

We deal with the problem of detecting and identifying body parts in depth images at video frame rates. Our solution involves a novel interest point detector for mesh and range data that is particularly well suited for analyzing human shape. The interest points, which are based on identifying geodesic extrema on the surface mesh, coincide with salient points of the body, which can be classified as, e.g., hand, foot or head using local shape descriptors. Our approach also provides a natural way of estimating a 3D orientation vector for a given interest point. This can be used to normalize the local shape descriptors to simplify the classification problem as well as to directly estimate the orientation of body parts in space. Experiments involving ground truth labels acquired via an active motion capture system show that our interest points in conjunction with a boosted patch classifier are significantly better in detecting body parts in depth images than state-of-the-art sliding-window based detectors.
Acquired resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells is conferred by increased turnover of mature caspase-3 (2006)

Little is known on how cancer cells can acquire resistance to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In this study, we established TRAIL-resistant cells from the TRAIL-sensitive human ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCAR3 to evaluate the potential mechanisms of acquired resistance to TRAIL. The selected resistant cells were cross-resistant to Fas ligand but remained sensitive to drug-induced apoptosis. Expression of TRAIL receptors was not altered in TRAIL-resistant OVCAR3 cells. Cleavage of caspase-8 and caspase-3 occurred in both TRAIL-resistant and TRAIL-sensitive cells. However, mature caspase-3 fragments were not detected by immunoblot in TRAIL-resistant cells and caspase-3 activity was significantly inhibited in these cells. The addition of proteasome inhibitors significantly increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis in resistant cells and enhanced the accumulation of mature caspase-3 fragments. Pretreatment with cycloheximide showed that active caspase-3 fragments have a high turnover rate in OVCAR3 R350 cells. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis down-regulation by RNA interference also increased the accumulation of cleaved caspase-3 intermediates and resensitized TRAIL-resistant cells. Our findings show that altered turnover of mature caspase-3 may lead to acquired TRAIL resistance in ovarian cancer cells. Proteasome and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis inhibitors could have a role in clinical situations to potentiate the cytotoxic effects of TRAIL in resistant tumor cells.
5-HT2-Receptor Antagonists (1988)

LY53857, spiperone, ketanserin, and setoperone were potent and competitive 5-HT2-receptor antagonists in the rat jugular vein with equivalent affinities at 5-HT2 receptors. In the rat jugular vein, ritanserin blocked 5-HT2-mediated contractile responses with a depression of the maximum response in concentrations greater than 3 X 10(-10) M. Ketanserin, spiperone, ritanserin, and setoperone were also alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonists, although affinity at alpha 1-adrenergic receptors was less for ritanserin and setoperone than for ketanserin or spiperone. Of the 5-HT2-receptor antagonists examined, LY53857 was the most selective with respect to alpha 1-adrenergic receptor affinity, showing 250,000-fold selectivity as an antagonist at 5-HT2 receptors. The possibility that the dual properties of 5-HT2- and alpha 1-receptor blockade confer greater antihypertensive efficacy than alpha 1-receptor blockade alone was also examined in vivo. However, acute administration of LY53857 at doses sufficient to abolish 5-HT2-receptor activation did not enhance blood pressure reduction produced by the alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist phentolamine in normotensive or spontaneously hypertensive rats. These data argue against an important role for 5-HT2 receptors in blood pressure regulation even in combination with alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade.
The instability of evaporating charged drops (1967)

These studies constitute an extension of the work of Doyle, Moffett & Vonnegut (1964). Experiments showed that the evaporation of a charged droplet of water, aniline or toluene supported in a vertical electric field is accompanied by no discernible loss of charge and a consequent increase in electrical pressure in the drop surface owing to the decrease in radius. When the relationship between drop charge Q and radius R becomes consistent with the Rayleigh criterion the drop disintegrates at its uppermost point, where the electrical pressure is a maximum, to eject about 25% of its mass in the form of highly charged droplets. The measured relationship between the quantity of ejected charge, Δ Q , the mass loss, Δ M , and R was close to that derived theoretically from Rayleigh's equation, indicating that the value of Δ Q for a particular Δ M and R is approximately the theoretical minimum and that an individual drop may undergo a sequence of disintegrations, as was observed. The range of droplet radii studied by means of this technique was 30–200 μ. The absence of disintegrations during the evaporation of much larger charged drops suspended from insulating fibres was attributed to corona discharge.
Status epilepticus: epidemiologic considerations. (1990)

Status epilepticus (SE) will occur in 50,000 to 60,000 individuals in the United States annually: one third as the presenting symptom in patients with a 1st unprovoked seizure or with epilepsy, one third in patients with established epilepsy, and one third in individuals with no history of epilepsy. The greatest number of cases will occur in children, although the risk is equally high in the over-60 population. In patients with epilepsy, SE is more likely to occur in those with partial seizures and in those with remote symptomatic epilepsy. The presence of a preexisting neurologic abnormality is associated with an increased risk of SE in those with acute systemic insults. There is a high mortality reported, but this is related predominantly to the underlying condition. The 1 to 2% mortality attributed to SE probably reflects an overestimation of the risk. There is an increased risk of seizures and of intellectual dysfunction following the occurrence of an episode of SE, although the causal association is not clear. Individuals with epilepsy who experience an episode of SE probably have a lower likelihood of remission of epilepsy.
Multi-scale and Context-adaptive Entropy Model for Image Compression (2019)

We propose an end-to-end trainable image compression framework with a multi-scale and context-adaptive entropy model, especially for low bitrate compression. Due to the success of autoregressive priors in probabilistic generative model, the complementary combination of autoregressive and hierarchical priors can estimate the distribution of each latent representation accurately. Based on this combination, we firstly propose a multi-scale masked convolutional network as our autoregressive model. Secondly, for the significant computational penalty of generative model, we focus on decoded representations covered by receptive field, and skip full zero latents in arithmetic codec. At last, according to the low-rate compression's constraint in CLIC-2019, we use a method to maximize MS-SSIM by allocating bitrate for each image.
Switched-capacitor DC-DC converters for low-power on-chip applications (2003)

The paper describes switched-capacitor DC-DC power converters (charge pumps) suitable for on-chip, low-power applications. The proposed configurations are based on connecting two identical but opposite-phase SC converters in parallel, thus eliminating the need for separate bootstrap gate drivers. The authors focus on emerging very low-power VLSI applications such as battery-powered or self-powered signal processors where high power conversion efficiency is important and where power levels are in the milliwatt range. Conduction and switching losses are considered to allow design optimization in terms of switching frequency and component sizes. Open-loop and closed-loop operation of an experimental, fully integrated, 10 MHz voltage doubler is described. The doubler has 2 V or 3 V input and generates 3.3 V or 5 V output at up to 5 mW load. The converter circuit fabricated in a standard 1.2 /spl mu/ CMOS technology takes 0.7 mm/sup 2/ of the chip area.
Birch pollen rupture and the release of aerosols of respirable allergens (2004)

When highly allergenic birch trees are flowering and exposed to moisture followed by drying winds they can produce particulate aerosols containing pollen allergens. These particles are small enough to deposit in the peripheral airways and have the potential to induce an inflammatory response.
Troubleshooting in platelet storage temperature and new perspectives through proteomics. (2010)

Platelets represent a key cellular blood component under physiological conditions, due to their implications in the maintenance of vascular integrity and prevention of haemorrhagic phenomena1. Dysfunctions associated with thrombocytopenia constitute a significant threat to patients’ health. So far, administration of platelet concentrates (PCs) from healthy donors is the only known strategy for medical care of patients with active bleeding, thrombocytopenia caused by bone marrow dysfunctions or due to chemotherapy for treatments of malignancies, or upon preliminary treatments prior to stem cell transplantation. Qualitative and quantitative changes in platelets could also occur following coronary artery bypass surgery and trauma, and may represent a key indicator of likely thrombotic complications2. Platelets are basically collected from donors in two ways: extraction from whole blood throughout centrifugation (buffy-coat) or through apheresis. Both methods are currently employed and have bright sides and disadvantages. Analogously to other blood components, techniques to improve the shelf life of platelets (currently, only five days), while maintaining their safety and effectiveness, are under constant investigation worldwide. Indeed, blood transfusion services are always in shortage of PCs, because of the impossibility to prolong their storage in like fashion to hypothermic storage of erythrocyte concentrates or frozen storage of fresh frozen plasma. In order to improve storage of PCs, lowering temperature has been attempted as well, although results were not as positive as expected, since platelets do not tolerate refrigeration. Hypothermic (4°C) storage conditions cause deep modifications in platelet shape and functionality. These are relevant issues which compromise viability of cold stored platelets, as they exert their physiological role through their ability to change shape and activate under various conditions. Low temperature appears to be a triggering factor for activation as well, thus yielding yet activated platelets as unviable blood product at the end of the storage.

This review focuses on platelet storage temperatures and the main issues which affect both current (22 °C) and alternative (4 °C) storage protocols for PCs. In particular, we herein discuss the initial events which trigger morphological and physiological changes upon cold activation, partially distinguishable from physiological activation. Moreover, a glance will be given at recent proteomic approaches, which promise to improve current knowledge on blood components of transfusion interest, mainly addressing current technical hurdles (such as the analysis of membrane proteins and their reciprocal interaction).
Compensating Digital Attenuator Differential Phase Shift (2008)

Controlled attenuators are key elements in a phased array's beam forming network and generally in all those systems requiring accurate control of the RF signal's amplitude and phase. Therefore the realisation of constant- phase digital attenuators is essential to obtain advanced system performance. A reactive element has been inserted in the traditional T topology digital attenuator to obtain equiphase condition and design equations have been inferred for optimum design. A MMIC X-Band 5-BIT constant-phase attenuator system has been designed and realised as a test vehicle for the proposed methodology.
Fabrication of functionalized aluminum compound petallike structure with superhydrophobic surface (2010)

Abstract The petallike structures, similar to that of a lotus leaf, were directly fabricated on the surface of aluminum sheets by a simple one‐step solution‐immersion process. It was found that the width of the nanoflakes ranges from 20 to 500 nm, and the length of the flakes is about several micrometers. The wettability of the surface with a hierarchical structure was changed from superhydrophilicity to superhydrophobicity by chemical modification with perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PDES). The static contact angles (CAs) for water on both of the modified surfaces were larger than 150° , which was closely related to the chemical modification and hierarchical structure. Furthermore, the surfaces retained good superhydrophobic stability in long‐term storage as well, which should be critical to the application of aluminum materials in engineering. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.