gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A SINS/DVL Integrated Navigation Positioning Method Based on Improved Adaptive Filtering Technology (2019)

Due to the random drift of the gyro, the use of SINS alone will cause the navigation error to gradually divergence with time in the design of the SINS/DVL integrated navigation system. The speed information using the DVL output can only suppress the divergence of the SINS navigation error to a certain extent which will result in low positioning accuracy. This paper proposes a SINS/DVL integrated navigation positioning method based on improved adaptive filtering technology in view of the error source of SINS and the influence mechanism of positioning results. This system selects the indirect filtering method and uses the integrated navigation error model to model the navigation parameters of the system. Then, the adaptive gain filtering method is proposed by using the filter gain compensation proposed in this paper based on the error characteristics of the navigation parameters. The navigation parameters of the system are filtered and the error information of the navigation parameters is obtained. Finally, integrated with the navigation parameter error information, the navigation parameters of the system are solved, and the high-precision navigation results are obtained to achieve accurate positioning of underwater objects. The experimental and evaluation results show that the SINS/DVL integrated navigation positioning method based on the filter gain compensation improved adaptive filtering technology can effectively improve the positioning accuracy.
Acoustic characterization of mechanical valve condition and loading. (1995)

Both closing dynamics and the mechanical condition of a Björk-Shiley Convexo-Concave (BSCC) valve are significant in assessing the risks of outlet strut fracture. Risk of fracture increases with the presence of a pre-existing fracture in one of the two strut legs and with magnitude and frequency of loading. Recent analyses of in vivo data collected in clinical studies, and in vitro data from a computer-controlled pulse duplicator, indicate that the condition of an outlet strut can be evaluated by non-invasive passive acoustic measurement. The technique utilizes heuristic methods to identify features in time and frequency in the closing sound of BSCC valves. Because of patient-to-patient and beat-to-beat variability in the waveforms of closing sounds, the sound of beats are cross-correlated to identify thirteen characteristic waveform groups that are independent of valve strut condition. The groups are used for subsequent acceptance of each closing event. For each group, a Mahalanobis distance technique is used to identify features in time and frequency that characterize the mechanical condition of the BSCC valve. A Volterra expansion is used to optimize the features. A similar approach, where strain gages supply the measured strut load, is used to identify features associated with valve closing load, and to predict outlet strut forces on a beat-for-beat basis in vitro and in sheep. The characterization is based on a set of acoustic recordings made on patients prior to explant of each valve. Analysis is made using blinded and leave-one-out methods, preventing overlap between the data used in training and that used in testing. Results have demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity to strut fracture of 100 percent on a group of 33 patients for whom gold standard data was available. Analysis of additional blinded data will be useful to further quantify the robustness of the detection method. The relative ease with which data can be collected, and the excellent results, indicate that the method may develop into a practical and effective screen for outlet strut condition.
Caracteristicas y articulacion del espacio del mundo terrenal y del espacio del mas alla en los milagros de nuestra senora (2000)

Se analiza cómo Berceo, en los Milagros de Nuestra Señora, describe las subdivisiones de que constan el espacio terrenal y el más allá, proyectando la topografía de aquél en éste, y cómo evoca la circulación de los personajes espirituales y humanos de un mundo al otro.
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES I. SYNTHESIS OF HYPOGLYCEMIC 2‐PIPERAZINO‐5,6‐POLYMETHYLENEPYRIMIDINES (1981)

Abstract Die 2,4‐Dichlor‐5,6‐polymethylen‐pyrimidine (I) werden jeweils unter optimalen Bedingungen mit den Nucleophilen (II) selektiv in 4‐Stellung zu den Derivaten (III) aminiert.
Clinical utility of the oral JAK inhibitor tofacitinib in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (2013)

Immune/inflammatory cells act in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-affected patients by synthesizing several inflammatory mediators, including cytokines that initiate intracellular signaling. Recently, small molecule inhibitors of transduction and transcription signals that influence the intracellular pathways (such as the Janus kinase [JAK] family of tyrosine kinases) have been tested for RA treatment. Four members of the JAK family are known: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TyK2. JAK1/JAK3 constitutively binds to the cytoplasmic portion of the cytokine receptor - the common gamma chain - that represents a common subunit of several cytokines involved in T-cell and natural killer cell development, as well as in B-cell activation. Tofacitinib is an oral JAK inhibitor that is now available and effective in RA treatment, as shown in multiple Phase II and Phase III clinical trials. However, long-term safety data and comparisons with other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and small molecule inhibitors are necessary to better determine the role of tofacitinib in RA.
In Vivo Target Validation: Methodology and Case Studies on the Janus Kinase Tyk2 (2007)

Dysregulated protein kinase activity can cause severe human diseases. Consequently, there is a growing number of kinases that constitute candidate targets for pharmaceutical intervention. However, target validation is critical, since not all kinases are “druggable”, i.e. suitable as a selective drug target. In this review, we briefly introduce major strategies for generating mouse models to analyse and control the expression and function of distinct genes, to confirm specific inhibition of intended drug targets and to identify undesirable secondary effects in vivo. Focussing on tyrosine kinase 2 (Tyk2) and other Janus kinases (Jaks) as case studies we follow the path of investigations from in vitro towards in vivo experimentation. We give examples for the sometimes surprising consequences of the systemic absence of a distinct kinase; consequences that can not be easily deduced solely based on results from in vitro data. We discuss aspects of kinase functions that are distinct from their catalytic activity and give examples for cell-type specific functions. Potential pitfalls (e.g. embryonic lethality, species differences) of using mouse models as experimental systems for studying human diseases are discussed and strategies for improvements to deal with such complications are exemplified. Keywords: Jak protein tyrosine kinases, cytokines, drug target, in vivo, mouse models, species differences
Portable resource control in Java (2001)

Preventing abusive resource consumption is indispensable for all kinds of systems that execute untrusted mobile coee, such as mobile object sytems, extensible web servers, and web browsers. To implement the required defense mechanisms, some support for resource control must be available: accounting and limiting the usage of physical resources like CPU and memory, and of logical resources like threads. Java is the predominant implementation language for the kind of systems envisaged here, even though resource control is a missing feature on standard Java platforms. This paper describes the model and implementation mechanisms underlying the new resource-aware version of the J-SEAL2 mobile object kernel. Our fundamental objective is to achieve complete portability, and our approach is therefore based on Java bytecode transformations. Whereas resource control may be targeted towards the provision of quality of service or of usage-based billing, the focus of this paper is on security, and more specificlly on prevention of denial-of-service attacks orginating from hostile or poorly implemented mobile code.
Papain‐induced Oligomerization of α‐Amino Acid Esters (1979)

Abstract Oligomers of leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine were prepared enzymatically (using papain) from the respective methyl esters, with yields ranging from 51–96%. The effect of pH, buffer and salt concentration, and addition of alcohol on the oligomerization of leucine methyl ester was examined. The limits and potentialities of the enzymatic reaction as a method for obtaining monodisperse oligomers are discussed.
<i>Ex Vivo</i> Expanded Adaptive NK Cells Effectively Kill Primary Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells (2017)

Manipulation of human natural killer (NK) cell repertoires promises more effective strategies for NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy. A subset of highly differentiated NK cells, termed adaptive NK cells, expands naturally <i>in vivo</i> in response to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, carries unique repertoires of inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), and displays strong cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Here, we established a robust and scalable protocol for <i>ex vivo</i> generation and expansion of adaptive NK cells for cell therapy against pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Culture of polyclonal NK cells together with feeder cells expressing HLA-E, the ligand for the activating NKG2C receptor, led to selective expansion of adaptive NK cells with enhanced alloreactivity against HLA-mismatched targets. The <i>ex vivo</i> expanded adaptive NK cells gradually obtained a more differentiated phenotype and were specific and highly efficient killers of allogeneic pediatric T- and precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) blasts, previously shown to be refractory to killing by autologous NK cells and the NK-cell line NK92 currently in clinical testing. Selective expansion of NK cells that express one single inhibitory KIR for self-HLA class I would allow exploitation of the full potential of NK-cell alloreactivity in cancer immunotherapy. In summary, our data suggest that adaptive NK cells may hold utility for therapy of refractory ALL, either as a bridge to transplant or for patients that lack stem cell donors. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 5(8); 654-65. ©2017 AACR</i>.
An investigation into the potential of ionic silver as a wood preservative (2004)

On December 3 1, 2003, the wood preservation industry, in conjunction with the Environmental Protection Agency, voluntarily phased out the use of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated lumber for residential applications. This ended over 25 years of CCA as the predominant wood preservative in the United States. The first generation of replacement preservatives, alkaline copper quats (ACQ) and copper azole (CA), has begun to replace CCA in 2004. Other potential replacements for CCA are under investigation at the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL). One of these, recently mandated by the 108th Congress, is the use of wood preservatives based upon silver (Ag) instead of copper. Silver has been shown to have potential as a viable, safe, and cost-effective preservative. The FPL has initiated a feasibility study of ionic silver salts for inhibition of brown-rot fungi, termite damage, and mold contamination. To date, two silver formulations (~ 1% Ag) have been shown to be moderately resistant to brown-rot decay, to inhibit termite damage with 100 percent mortality of termites, and to resist colonization by three common mold species. Additional testing, including American Society for Testing and Materials leach testing and lower silver concentrations, further
Ultra high transconductance 0.25 μm gate MESFET with strained InGaAs buffer layer (1990)

We have successfully fabricated MBE-grown GaAs field effect transistors employing a strained MQW buffer layer. Quarter micron gate device showed transconductance as high as 1.460mS/mm (900mS/mm extrinsic) at a current density of 620mA/mm. The measured fc was 75GHz. These high transconductances are, to the authors knowledge, the best reported for GaAs MESFETs.
Detection of post apnea sounds and apnea periods from sleep sounds (2011)

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is defined as a sleep related breathing disorder that causes the body to stop breathing for about 10 seconds and mostly ends with a loud sound due to the opening of the airway. OSAS is traditionally diagnosed using polysomnography, which requires a whole night stay at the sleep laboratory of a hospital, with multiple electrodes attached to the patient's body. Snoring is a symptom which may indicate the presence of OSAS; thus investigation of snoring sounds, which can be recorded in the patient's own sleeping environment, has become popular in recent years to diagnose OSAS. In this study, we aim to develop a new method to detect post-apnea snoring episodes with the goal of diagnosing apnea or creating new criteria similar to apnea / hypopnea index. Emphasis is placed on detecting post apnea episodes, hence the apnea periods. In this method, first segmentation is done to eliminate the silence parts. Then, these episodes are represented by distinctive features; some of these features are available in literature but some of them are novel. Finally, episodes are classified using supervised methods. False alarm rates are reduced by adding additional constraints into the detection algorithm. These methods are applied to snoring sound signals of OSAS patients, recorded in Gulhane Military Medical Academy, to verify the success of our algorithms.
Are the anticipatory pathways in lecithotrophic larvae that delay metamorphosis adaptations? (A review) (2012)

During anticipatory development in lecithotrophic larvae that delay metamorphosis, the growth and differentiation of features of the adult action system continue to develop at a slow pace even though they do not become functional. After metamorphosis occurs, the larger size and advanced development of these components may allow juveniles to initially grow at a faster rate than they normally would. Anticipatory development has been demonstrated in archeogastropods, some solitary ascidians and a hydrozoan. In the gastropod Haliotis and the hydrozoan Phialidium anticipatory development increases the initial growth rate of juveniles. In Haliotis and ascidians all of the larvae of a given female that live long enough exhibit anticipatory development. In Phialidium, the ability of a given female to produce larvae that can exhibit anticipatory development is a maternal polymorphic character. In Haliotis and solitary ascidians that exhibit anticipatory development, it appears to be a slower version of the rapid developmental changes that occur in parts of the adult action system at metamorphosis. In Phialidium, developmental changes in relative sizes of the different presumptive regions of the polyp are slowly altered prior to and independently of metamorphosis. Anticipatory development is not linked to the decrease in the size or nutrient reserves of older larvae but to the length of their larval period. From an evolutionary perspective, the mechanisms that operate during anticipatory development are probably of adaptive significance for lecithotrophic larvae of species that spend variable amounts of time in the water column because of a patchy distribution of appropriate settlement cues. The developmental mechanisms that underlie anticipatory development may have been used during the transition from lecithotrophy to planktotrophy.
Animal fatty acid synthase: Functional mapping and cloning and expression of the domain I constituent activities (1997)

Animal fatty acid synthase (FAS; EC 2.3.1.85) is a homodimer of a multifunctional subunit protein and catalyzes the synthesis of palmitate from acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and NADPH. The subunit (Mr approximately 270,000) carries seven distinct component activities and a site for the prosthetic group 4'-phosphopantetheine (acyl carrier protein). Based on proteolytic mapping, the organization of the activity domains along the subunit polypeptide from the N terminus is as follows: beta-ketoacyl synthase, acetyl and malonyl transacylases, beta-hydroxyacyl dehydratase, enoyl reductase, beta-ketoacyl reductase, acyl carrier protein, and thioesterase. By comparing the amino acid sequences of the chicken, rat, and human synthases, we found that kallikrein cleavage sites occur in the least conserved regions of the FAS polypeptide subunit. Determining the amino acid sequences of the N-terminal end of the major kallikrein cleavage peptides helped delineate the most likely boundaries of the component activities in the cDNA-derived amino acid sequence. To confirm this organization, we cloned the chicken FAS cDNA coding for domain I and expressed it in Escherichia coli as a maltose-binding fusion protein. The isolated recombinant protein contained the activities of the acetyl and malonyl transacylases and the beta-hydroxyacyl dehydratase. Based on the boundaries of the acetyl and malonyl transacylases and the beta-hydroxyacyl dehydratase, we also cloned the appropriate cDNA fragments encoding the domains that contain the transacylases and the dehydratase in pET vectors and expressed them in E. coli as thioredoxin-6xHis fusion proteins. The purified recombinant proteins contained, respectively, the activities of the acetyl and malonyl transacylases and the dehydratase. These results not only confirmed the order of the component activities in domain I, but also paved the way for successful expression and characterization of the remaining activities.
Transposition of Gram-Positive Transposon Tn <i>916</i> in <i>Acholeplasma laidlawii</i> and <i>Mycoplasma pulmonis</i> (1987)

Mycoplasma genetics has been limited by a lack of genetic tools such as selectable markers, methods to transfer DNA, and suitable vectors for cloning. Studies were undertaken to examine the potential of using the streptococcal transposon Tn916 as a mycoplasma genetic tool. The Escherichia coli plasmid pAM120, which contains Tn916, was transformed into Acholeplasma laidlawii and Mycoplasma pulmonis. Transposition of Tn916 into the mycoplasma chromosome apparently occurred by an excision-insertion mechanism. This example shows that newly introduced DNA from other bacteria can be successfully expressed in mycoplasma and that Tn916 should serve as a powerful genetic tool for the study of mycoplasmas.
Low cost multi-channel 16-bit transient digitizer system for the PBX-M machine (2003)

In a serial data-acquisition system, the throughput of the serial link is always a limiting factor to the real-time performance. Transient digitizers overcome this problem by using local memory to store digitized data in real time, with data retrieval/processing occurring after acquisition has been completed. A wide dynamic range with minimum crosstalk has been achieved in the present application by using an independent 16-b analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for each channel. The system has 16 K words of memory per channel with a minimum sampling rate of 50 kHz. The system clock can be programmed to provide three different rates for each data collection cycle, namely, pretrigger, posttrigger I, and posttrigger II. Costs are reduced by utilizing standard computer automated measurement and control (CAMAC) modules and the existing software for the Princeton Beta Experiment-Modified (PBX-M) machine. The system is described, and its accuracy and potential are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
STRUCTURE OF COLD-WORKED METALS AS DEDUCED FROM ANELASTIC MEASUREMENTS (1951)

An attempt was made to interpret the structure of cold-worked metals in terms of the associated anelastic behavior. The specimen used in the study was 99.991 percent aluminum which was heavily cold-worked but partly recovered. Analysis showed that under the conditions of the experiments, namely, prior stabilization and low stress levels, measurement of creep under constant stress agree with the internal friction measurements previously reported. The creep curves obtained showed several striking features. The most striking feature of the data is the complete recoverability of the creep. We could thus conclude that no irreversible processes were occurring, such as the generation of dislocations. The second important feature is the large magnitude of the recoverable creep, being almost ten times the corresponding elastic deformation.The consideration of a heterogeneous network of slip bands in cold-worked metals led to a creep formula which closely represents the creep curves obtained. As the interpretation in terms of a dislocation model would require some ad hoc assumptions, we are led to conclude that the picture of a distribution of slip bands having a wide distribution in size is a closer approximation to the state of a heavily cold-worked metal specimen (partly recovered) than is the commonly presented picture of isolated dislocations.
Atomic-scale investigation of graphene formation on 6H-SiC(0001) (2008)

The growth of graphene on the silicon-terminated face of 6H-SiC(0001) was investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements. The initial stages of ultrahigh vacuum graphitization resulted in the growth of individual graphene sheets on random SiC terraces. These initial graphene sheets contained few defects, and the regions of clean SiC were free of contamination, exhibiting a 63×63R30° surface reconstruction. However, graphitization to multilayer thickness resulted in multiple defects, as observed with the STM. A high density of defects was observed, which may be attributed to the initial treatment of the SiC wafer. We characterize these defects, showing that they are located predominantly below the first layer of graphene.
Combined Modality of the Brain Code Approach for Early Detection and Long-term Monitoring of Neurodegenerative Processes (2013)

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Hyperpolarization without persistent radicals for in vivo real-time metabolic imaging (2013)

Hyperpolarized substrates prepared via dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization have been proposed as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agents for cancer or cardiac failure diagnosis and therapy monitoring through the detection of metabolic impairments in vivo. The use of potentially toxic persistent radicals to hyperpolarize substrates was hitherto required. We demonstrate that by shining UV light for an hour on a frozen pure endogenous substance, namely the glucose metabolic product pyruvic acid, it is possible to generate a concentration of photo-induced radicals that is large enough to highly enhance the (13)C polarization of the substance via dynamic nuclear polarization. These radicals recombine upon dissolution and a solution composed of purely endogenous products is obtained for performing in vivo metabolic hyperpolarized (13)C MRI with high spatial resolution. Our method opens the way to safe and straightforward preclinical and clinical applications of hyperpolarized MRI because the filtering procedure mandatory for clinical applications and the associated pharmacological tests necessary to prevent contamination are eliminated, concurrently allowing a decrease in the delay between preparation and injection of the imaging agents for improved in vivo sensitivity.