gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The partial aminolysis of (NPF2)3,4 (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe partial aminolysis of (NPF2)3,4T. L. Evans and H. R. AllcockCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1979, 18, 9, 2342–2344Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50199a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50199a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Time-frequency distribution inversion of the Radon transform (2002)

In using filtered backprojection to compute the inverse Radon transform, the Hilbert transform-derivative filtering operation amplifies noise. Filtering the noise generally reduces resolution and smoothes edges. It would be desirable to spatially filter the noise where the projections do not have high-frequency components, and accept the noise where high-frequency components are present, since these must be preserved for the Hilbert transform-derivative. The short-time Fourier transform is used in applying a time-frequency mask filter that zeros out each projection in locations where local signal energy is below a threshold. Results show improvement over reconstruction using time-invariant smoothing filters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bloat in cattle (1959)

Summary Epidinium ecaudatum can slowly metabolise glucose, and to a lesser extent fructose, with production of amylopectin storage granules characteristically situated. The non‐ionic “Pluronic” detergent L62, a mixed polymer of ethylene and propylene glycols, is lethal to Epidinium above a concentration of 0.05 % It is less harmful to the larger rumen holotrichs particularly when the latter are not well filled with storage polysaccharide. Introduction of L62 (25–75 ml) into the cow's rumen quickly brings about a diminution in the active ciliate population. Epidinia and the smaller rumen holotrichs seem most affected.
Seismic vulnerability assessment to slight damage based on experimental modal parameters (2011)

Abstract The aim of this paper is to adjust behaviour models for each class of structure for vulnerability assessment by using ambient vibration. A simple model based on frequencies, mode shapes and damping, taken from ambient vibrations, allows computation of the response of the structures and comparison of inter‐storey drifts with the limits found in the literature for the slight damage grade, considered here as the limit of elastic behaviour. Two complete methodologies for building fragility curves are proposed: (1) using a multi‐degree of freedom system including higher modes and full seismic ground‐motion and (2) using a single‐degree of freedom model considering the fundamental mode f 0 of the structure and ground‐motion displacement response spectra S D ( f 0 ). These two methods were applied to the city of Grenoble, where 60 buildings were studied. Fragility curves for slight damage were derived for the various masonry and reinforced concrete classes of buildings. A site‐specific earthquake scenario, taking into account local site conditions, was considered, corresponding to an M L = 5.5 earthquake at a distance of 15 km. The results show the benefits of using experimental models to reduce variability of the slight damage fragility curve. Moreover, by introducing the experimental modal model of the buildings, it is possible to improve seismic risk assessment at an overall scale (the city) or a local scale (the building) for the first damage grade (slight damage). This level of damage, of great interest for moderate seismic‐prone regions, may contribute to the seismic loss assessment. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
World City Networks and Hierarchies, 1977-1997 (2001)

The world's great cities are important nodes in the world economy. Major theorists (Friedman, Sassen, Castells) conceptualize global cities as the command and control centers for contemporary global capitalism. The authors' research offers a view of the global system based on a careful examination of the relations and connections between world cities and how those patterns change over time. Formal network analysis allows the authors to interpret data on flows of airline passengers between the world's great cities for six time points between 1977 and 1997, focusing on the changes in network characteristics (especially centrality hierarchies and clique membership) for the entire global city system. Although New York, Paris, London, Tokyo, and a few other major European and North American metropolises dominate this urban hierarchy throughout the two decades, the network roles and positions of other places shift considerably. The article concludes that research on world city networks once again demonstrates that global urbanization patterns are characterized by the uneven development dynamic anticipated by world-system analysis.
<title>Development of a Two-Step E-Beam Lithography Process For Submicron Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Device Fabrication</title> (1979)

A two-step fabrication process was developed which has produced previously unobtainable high frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. In addition, the design-to-test cycle time has been shortened significantly to allow an effective interactive design procedure. The SAW structure places some of the most stringent precision requirements on current electron-beam lithography, since finger placement errors are directly related to phase errors in the electrical performance of bandpass or pulse compression filters. A form of double precision is implemented in the interface software to enable successful patterning of the monotonic variation in line width from less than 0.4 pm to more than 0.9 pm required for a 1 to 2 GHz pulse compressor. Compensation for proximity effects due to the electron beam profile was also implemented. Alignment accuracy within a field is controlled to within ±250 A and field placement is accomplished via a laser interferometer controlled stage. Several alternative processes, including direct slice writing, reverse liftoff, and x-ray lithography are compared. Once the E-beam master is generated, large area contact replication is achieved using a modified conformable mask printer. This process has extended the range of SAW device performance beyond 2 GHz in a fundamental mode which, represents a significant advancement in microfabrication. Three-day turnaround from design to packaged devices was demonstrated using this technique.
Large‐scale disintegration of microorganisms by freeze‐pressing (1976)

Abstract A semicontinuous press has been constructed for the disintegration of microorganisms and other biological material by freeze‐pressing, i.e., pressure extrusion of frozen material through a narrow hole. The material to be freeze‐pressed is frozen in the form of cylindrical rods, which fit into the pressure chamber and are extruded by a piston forced back and forth by means of a hydraulic pump. At a sample temperature of −35°C and a press temperature of −20°C, about 90% disruption is achieved in a single passage of undiluted baker's yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae , 270 mg/g) through the orifice of the pressure chamber. With this press about 10 kg of material can be freeze‐pressed per hour.
Room temperature long-range coherent exciton polariton condensate flow in lead halide perovskites (2018)

Novel technological applications significantly favor alternatives to electrons toward constructing low power-consuming, high-speed all-optical integrated optoelectronic devices. Polariton condensates, exhibiting high-speed coherent propagation and spin-based behavior, attract considerable interest for implementing the basic elements of integrated optoelectronic devices: switching, transport, and logic. However, the implementation of this coherent polariton condensate flow is typically limited to cryogenic temperatures, constrained by small exciton binding energy in most semiconductor microcavities. Here, we demonstrate the capability of long-range nonresonantly excited polariton condensate flow at room temperature in a one-dimensional all-inorganic cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr<sub>3</sub>) perovskite microwire microcavity. The polariton condensate exhibits high-speed propagation over macroscopic distances of 60 μm while still preserving the long-range off-diagonal order. Our findings pave the way for using coherent polariton condensate flow for all-optical integrated logic circuits and polaritonic devices operating at room temperature.
Chemometric Detection of Acetaminophen in Pharmaceuticals by Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Pattern Recognition Techniques: Comparison of Attenuated Total Reflectance-FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy (2011)

This paper presents and discusses the building of discriminant models from attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR and Raman spectra that were constructed to detect the presence of acetaminophen in over-the-counter pharmaceutical formulations. The datasets, containing 11 spectra of pure substances and 21 spectra of various formulations, were processed by partial least squares (PLS) discriminant analysis. The models found in the present study coped greatly with the discrimination, and their quality parameters were acceptable. A root mean square error of cross-validation was in the 0.14-0.35 range, while a root mean square error of prediction was in the 0.20-0.56 range. It was found that standard normal variate preprocessing had a negligible influence on the quality of ATR-FTIR; in the Raman case, it lowered the prediction error by 2. The influence of variable selection with the uninformative variable elimination by PLS method was studied, and no further model improvement was found.
The influence of a relaxation parameter on SPECT iterative reconstruction algorithms (1996)

Algebraic reconstruction techniques (ARTs) have been intensively studied in image reconstruction. However, reconstructed images often exhibit a characteristic noise when applied to emission tomography. In this work, we study the influence of the ART relaxation parameter and identify values of that parameter which yield smooth images and good convergence. The study includes both simulated and real single photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) data. In the simulated studies, scattering, attenuation, noise and detector response were included. Relaxation factors ranging between 0.01 and 0.35 were considered. Total counts in projections were between 2.5 x 10(5) and 10(6) in one slice. The goodness of the reconstructions was assessed by using the correlation coefficient between the pattern and the actual reconstruction (CC), the background coefficient of variation (CV), the contrast (CON) and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The results show that values for the relaxation factor and number of interations close to 0.1 and 8, respectively, yield reconstructed images in which CC, CV, CON and SNR have well balanced values and CC, CV and SNR are very close to the extremal. An increase in either the number of iterations or in the relaxation factor results in a rise of CON but the other three FOMs deteriorate. The results from the real phantom, which are in agreement with those of the simulated studies, validate the simulation method and demonstrate the influence of the relaxation parameter.
GazeTube: Gaze-Based Adaptive Video Playback for Bandwidth and Power Optimizations (2015)

With the popularity of mobile devices for personal entertainment, video streaming over mobile networks has seen a dramatic increase. We observe that users are often interested in just the supporting audio within the videos rather than the visual content, for example, when users play videos to listen to music. New mobile device capabilities such as gaze tracking enable easy detection of such use-cases. We propose to exploit such capabilities to selectively stream audio/video content based on user gaze. This eliminates unnecessary streaming, with twofold advantages: first, it saves precious network bandwidth for ISPs, and second, reduction in video processing decreases device power. Using an android-based gaze-aware media application, we evaluate three strategies: a maximal saving scheme that cuts off video stream at source when user gaze is directed away from the screen; a conservative scheme that reduces video resolution aimed at maintaining user experience, and a third, intermediate scheme that streams the videos at a reduced frame rate. Our evaluation shows that gaze awareness during video streaming can lead to high bandwidth savings that are linearly proportional to Gaze- OFF ratios, and up to 46% power savings on device (up to 28% power savings considering gaze tracking overheads).
High Calcium and Other Divalent Cations Increase Inositol Trisphosphate in Bovine Parathyroid Cells* (1988)

Calcium and other divalent cations rapidly increase intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in bovine parathyroid cells and inhibit PTH release. In other secretory cells, agonist-dependent generation of inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) through polyphosphoinositide turnover initiates the rise in [Ca2+]i by mobilizing Ca2+ from intracellular stores. To determine whether polyphosphoinositide breakdown is involved in mediating the response to Ca2+ and the divalent cations Ba2+, Mn2+, and Sr2+, we measured the production of inositol polyphosphates in parathyroid cells. Within 120 sec of increasing extracellular Ca2+ to 2.0 mM, InsP3, inositol bisphosphate (InsP2), and inositol monophosphate (InsP1) rose 95 +/- 37%, 87 +/- 17%, and 96 +/- 29%, respectively, vs. values in cells at 0.5 mM Ca2+ (n = 5). Raising extracellular Ca2+ from 0.5-3.0 mM produced even greater peak increments of 134 +/- 13%, 179 +/- 35%, and 313 +/- 65% in InsP3, InsP2, and InsP1, respectively, by 120 sec (n = 4). Similarly, within 10 sec of their addition, BaCl2 (2 mM), MnCl2 (2 mM), and SrCl2 (4 mM) stimulated the production of InsP3 56 +/- 2%, 152 +/- 31%, and 160 +/- 25%, respectively, vs. that in untreated cells at 0.5 mM Ca2+. At later time points, InsP2 and InsP1 were increased. The Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin at concentrations up to 500 nM had no effect on inositol phosphates, although it inhibited PTH release in a dose-dependent manner. Since high Ca2+ and other divalent cations depolarize parathyroid cells, we assessed the effect of high extracellular K+ on inositol polyphosphates. The addition of depolarizing concentrations of K+ (40 mM) did not change inositol phosphates. Thus, Ca2+ and other divalent cations increase the production of InsP3, InsP2, and InsP1 in parathyroid cells by a mechanism independent of increases in [Ca2+]i and of membrane depolarization. We conclude that parathyroid cells express membrane receptors or sensors for Ca2+ and other divalent cations linked to polyphosphoinositide turnover.
Peritoneal Dialysis and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Mesothelial Cells (2003)

Our results suggest that mesothelial cells have an active role in the structural and functional alteration of the peritoneum during peritoneal dialysis. The findings suggest potential targets for the design of new dialysis solutions and markers for the monitoring of patients.
High gain fiber optical parametric chirped pulse amplification of femtosecond pulses at 1 µm (2011)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. Bigourd, L. Lago, A. Mussot, A. Kudlinski, and E. Hugonnot, "High gain fiber optical parametric chirped pulse amplification of femtosecond pulses at 1 µm," in CLEO:2011 - Laser Applications to Photonic Applications, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2011), paper CThU3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Notes - Palladium Catalyzed Reduction of p,p'-Dihydroxybenzophenone (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Palladium Catalyzed Reduction of p,p'-DihydroxybenzophenoneM. Levine and S. TeminCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 1, 85–86Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1957Publication History Published online9 April 2003Published inissue 1 January 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01352a608https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01352a608research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Giant Ge-on-Insulator Formation by Si–Ge Mixing-Triggered Liquid-Phase Epitaxy (2009)

Formation of giant single-crystalline Ge-on-insulator (GOI) with 400 µm length is demonstrated by using seeding lateral liquid-phase epitaxy (L-LPE). High quality (100), (110), and (111) oriented single-crystals are obtained on Si substrates covered with SiO2. A mechanism based on the solidification temperature gradient due to Si–Ge mixing and the thermal gradient due to latent heat at the growth front is proposed. An additional experiment on quartz substrates well supports the importance of Si–Ge mixing as a trigger for giant L-LPE of Ge. This process opens up the possibility of Ge-based fully-depleted field-effect transistors with high electron and hole mobilities.
Results of routine determination of clinically significant hemoglobin derivatives by multicomponent analysis. (1986)

Our recently developed multiwavelength method for multi-component analysis of hemoglobin (Hb) derivatives (Clin Chem 1984;30:373-379) was adapted for routine use in the clinical chemical laboratory. The method was applied in 4066 determinations on blood specimens from patients awaiting major surgery (n = 3863) or visiting the outpatient department for pulmonary disease (n = 203). Mean total hemoglobin concentration was 141 (SD 14) g/L. The proportion of HbCO was slightly to moderately increased (1.5-10.0%) in 36.5% of all patients; in a few cases it was as high as 15%. Mean methemoglobin was 0.4% (SD 0.2%) in the surgical patients, but 1.5% (SD 0.8%) in the patients with pulmonary disease. In some patients of the latter group the proportion of methemoglobin amounted to 5%. Sulfhemoglobin was found less than 0.4% in all specimens. Interference by paraproteins and by increased concentrations of bilirubin and lipids in plasma was easily detected by means of the performance checks provided by the spectrophotometer (an HP 8451 UV/Vis). The method is equally suitable for measuring blood samples containing fetal hemoglobin.
Hypertension Is Associated with Marked Alterations in Sphingolipid Biology: A Potential Role for Ceramide (2011)

Hypertension is associated with marked alterations in vascular sphingolipid biology such as elevated ceramide levels and signaling, that contribute to increased vascular tone.
Reagents for Astatination of Biomolecules. 3. Comparison of<i>closo</i>-Decaborate(2-) and<i>closo</i>-Dodecaborate(2-) Moieties as Reactive Groups for Labeling with Astatine-211 (2009)

In vivo deastatination has been a major problem in the development of reagents for therapeutic applications of the alpha-particle emitting radionuclide (211)At. Our prior studies demonstrated that the use of a closo-decaborate(2-) ([closo-B(10)H(9)R](2-)) moiety for (211)At labeling of biomolecules provides conjugates that are stable to in vivo deastatination. In this investigation, the closo-decaborate(2-) moiety was compared with the structurally similar closo-dodecaborate(2-) ([closo-B(12)H(11)R](2-)) to determine if one has more favorable properties than the other for use in pendant groups as (211)At labeling molecules. To determine the differences, two sets of structurally identical molecules, with the exception that they contained either a closo-decaborate(2-) or a closo-dodecaborate(2-) moiety, were compared with regard to their synthesis, radiohalogenation, stability to in vivo deastatination and tissue distribution. Quite different rates of reaction were noted in the synthetic steps for the two closo-borate(2-) moieties, but ultimately the yields were similar, making these differences of little importance. Differences in radiohalogenation rates were also noted between the two closo-borate(2-) moieties, with the more electrophilic closo-decaborate(2-) reacting more rapidly. This resulted in somewhat higher yields of astatinated closo-decaborate(2-) derivatives (84% vs 53%), but both cage moieties gave good radioiodination yields (e.g., 79-96%). Importantly, both closo-borate(2-) cage moieties were shown to have high stability to in vivo deastatination. The largest differences between pairs of compounds containing the structurally similar boron cage moieties were in their in vivo tissue distributions. For example, [Et(3)NH](2)B(12)H(10)I-CONHpropyl, [(125)I]2b had high concentrations in kidney (1 h, 19.8%ID/g; 4 h, 26.5%ID/g), whereas [Et(3)NH](2)B(10)H(8)I-CONHpropyl, [(125)I]1e had much lower concentrations in kidney (1 h, 6.6%ID/g; 4 h, 0.27%ID/g). Interestingly, when another salt of the closo-decaborate(2-), [nBu(4)N](2)B(10)H(8)I-CONHpropyl, [(125)I]1b, was evaluated, the route of excretion appeared to be hepatobiliary rather than renal. Identical biotin derivatives containing the two closo-borate(2-) cage moieties had similar tissue distributions, except the closo-decaborate(2-) derivative had lower concentrations in kidney (1 h, 19.9%ID/g; 4 h, 24.4%ID/g vs 1 h, 38.9%ID/g; 4 h, 40.6%ID/g). In summary, the higher reactivity, faster tissue clearance, and lower kidney concentrations make the closo-decaborate(2-) more favorable for further studies using them in reactive groups for (211)At labeling of biomolecules.