gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>The</i>Adhesion<i>of Solid</i>Particles<i>to Solid</i>Surfaces, I.<i>a</i>Review (1961)

Studies clarifying the mechanism of small-particle adhesion were conducted to aid research in aerosol sampling, dust filtration, dust re- entrainment, and soiling phenomena. It was found that the London-van der Waals molecular forces cannot be successfully extended to quantitatively predict adhesion forces of small particles in air ln which absorbed gases prevent close approach of surfaces. Ambient air relative humidity influences adhesion, and the real area of contact between particles and surfaces or other particles differs from the apparent area. Static electrification effects may also alter adhesion. Other possible effects are mentioned, although few studies were conducted along those lines. (L.N.N.)
Picosecond Laser In Situ Keratomileusis with a 1053-nm Nd:YLF Laser (1996)

Anterior corneal flaps were easily fashioned using a Nd:YLF laser. Picosecond laser in situ keratomileusis with a Nd:YLF laser could offer a favorable alternative to combined microkeratome/excimer laser in situ keratomileusis.
Benzothiazole Derivatives Part VI. Synthesis of Some 2- [2-Amino (or substituted amino)-5-ethoxycarbonyl-4-thiazolyl]- benzothiazoles as Potential Antiinflammatory Agents (1975)

Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra <em>Manuscript received </em>29 <em>January </em>1975; <em>accepted </em>12 <em>May </em>1975 Ten 2-[2-amino (or substituted amino)-5»ethoxycarbony1-4-thiazolyl] benzothiazoles have been synthesised by the condensation of ethyl 2-benzothiazoloyl bromoacetate with various thioureas with a view to testing their anti-inflammatory activity. Ethyl 2-benzothiazoloyl brorno­acetate was prepared by the Claisen condensation of 2-ethoxycarbonyl benzothiazole and ethyl acetate followed by bromination of the ketoester.
Free-radical reactions of high molecular weight isoalkanes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFree-radical reactions of high molecular weight isoalkanesYury V. KissinCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1987, 26, 8, 1633–1638Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00068a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00068a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oxidative addition reactions of potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II) with N,N-dialkylacetamides under mild reaction conditions. Synthesis of [cis-Pt(CH2N(CH3)C(CH3)O)2-trans-Cl2] and [trans-Pt(OC(CH3)N(CH3)2)2-trans-Cl2] (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidative addition reactions of potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II) with N,N-dialkylacetamides under mild reaction conditions. Synthesis of [cis-Pt(CH2N(CH3)C(CH3)O)2-trans-Cl2] and [trans-Pt(OC(CH3)N(CH3)2)2-trans-Cl2]R. M. Roat, S. Yolles, and A. L. RheingoldCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 17, 3102–3105Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00237a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00237a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Dynamic Operational Scheme for Residential PV Smart Inverters (2016)

This paper presents an operational scheme for photovoltaic (PV) inverter reactive power control to accommodate higher levels and leverage efficient use of rooftop PV penetration in distribution systems. The scheme proposes three states of operation with specific operational goals for the PV inverter based on weather conditions and voltage at the interconnection point, and adapts the reactive power control strategy accordingly. In normal state with slowly changing solar irradiance, the control modulates reactive power to reduce power losses. In fluctuating state with rapidly varying solar irradiance due to intermittent passing clouds, the control dynamically changes the reactive power in order to mitigate voltage fluctuations. In contingency state in which the PV terminal voltage violates the nominal operating range, the control adjusts the PV inverter as reactive power sink or source in order to push the voltage back within the range. This paper also proposes a coordination strategy in order to switch control between the states and manage interaction between the fast PV inverter controllers, and the slow on-load tap-changer for voltage regulation. A large-scale distribution network based on the IEEE 37-node test feeder was developed in order to investigate performance of the proposed algorithm.
Poloxamer 188 Enhances Endothelial Cell Survival in Bovine Corneas in Cold Storage (2006)

The surfactant Poloxamer 188 enhances endothelial cell survival in cold-stored bovine corneas.
Efficient detection of RNA-protein interactions using tethered RNAs (2011)

The diverse localization of transcripts in cells suggests that there are many specific RNA-protein interactions that have yet to be identified. Progress has been limited, however, by the lack of a robust method to detect and isolate the RNA-binding proteins. Here we describe the use of an RNA aptamer, scaffolded to a tRNA, to create an affinity matrix that efficiently pulls down transcript-specific RNA-binding proteins from cell lysates. The addition of the tRNA scaffold to a Streptavidin aptamer (tRSA) increased binding efficiency by ∼ 10-fold. The tRSA system with an attached G-quartet sequence also could efficiently and specifically capture endogenous Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP), which recognizes this RNA sequence. An alternative method, using biotinylated RNA, captured FMRP less efficiently than did our tRSA method. Finally we demonstrate the identification of novel RNA-binding proteins that interact with intron2 or 3'-UTR of the polarity protein Crumbs3 transcript. Proteins captured by these RNA sequences attached to the tRNA scaffold were identified by mass spectrometry. GFP-tagged versions of these proteins also showed specific interaction with either the Crb3 intron2 or 3'-UTR. Our tRSA technique should find wide application in mapping the RNA-protein interactome.
Geometric-Optical Bidirectional Reflectance Modeling of a Conifer Forest Canopy (1986)

A geometric-optical forest canopy model that treats conifers as cones casting shadows on a contrasting background explains the major anisotropies in bidirectional reflectance measurements of a conifer forest canopy taken from the literature. The model uses parallelray geometry to describe the illumination and viewing of conifers as three-dimensional cones. Cones are randomly placed and overlap freely. Cone size (height) is distributed lognormally, and cone form, described by the apex angle of the cone, is a negative exponential function of height. The cones are first presumed to be solid dark gray Lambertian objects, located on a lighter gray Lambertian background. To add realism, "translucence" is added and light is allowed to pass through cones with negative exponential attenuation. Both computer simulation and analytical closed-form expressions are implemented. The results show a good qualitative agreement with the directional reflectance measurements of the conifer stand, indicating that the three-dimensional nature of the canopy is a key factor in determining its directional reflectance.
Advances in Rail Neutral Temperature Measurement Techniques (2010)

Thermal forces are present when continuous welded rail (CWR) is restrained by rail anchors or rail fasteners from expanding and contracting in response to temperature changes. The rail neutral temperature (RNT), also referred to as the stress-free temperature, is the temperature at which the thermal force is zero and determines the force level at a given temperature. Compressive rail forces can cause ballasted track to buckle in hot weather when the rail temperature is higher than the RNT and tensile stresses during cold weather can produce joint pull-apart failures. The RNT, therefore, is the key to controlling thermal forces and minimizing the potential for rail and track damage during periods of temperature extremes. Although the importance of RNT is well understood, knowledge of the RNT condition after the rail is installed is generally unknown due to the limitations of existing measurement technologies. This article then examines developments in RNT measurement techniques aimed at improving railroad safety.
Democracy and The Story (1938)

Abstract The Depression is over, displaced by Recession. Newspapers are more concerned over the number of slaughtered Chinese than the number of unemployed, and capitalists emerge from their retreats to proclaim that all is (really) right with the world. But, as a footnote to an era, it may be remarked that scientists, who largely created the machine which our capitalists failed to control, staunchly stood their ground through the darkest years. Even in I 932 Professor Bergen Davis could say, “It is unphilosophical to set a limit to the conquests of physical science. Man has not exhausted the secrets of nature in a few centuries…. I would say that it is a great thing to be young in this year….”
Treatment of esophageal tumors using high intensity intraluminal ultrasound: first clinical results (2008)

This clinical work demonstrated the efficacy of intraluminal high intensity ultrasound therapy for local tumor destruction in the esophagus.
“Calcitriol” Is Not Synonymous with “Vitamin D” (2012)

Peer Reviewed
Efficacy of MK615 for the treatment of patients with liver disorders (2012)

These results suggest that MK615 and Misatol ME are promising hepatoprotective agents for patients with liver disorders.
A Transmissible Plasmid Controlling Camphor Oxidation in <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> (1973)

Earlier papers demonstrated an extensive genetic exchange among fluorescent Pseudomonads; this one documents for genes specifying enzymes of peripheral dissimilation an extrachromosomal array, segregation, and frequent interstrain transfer. An hypothesis is presented of a general mechanism for the formation and maintenance of metabolic diversity. The example used, the path of oxidative cleavage of the carbocyclic rings of the bicyclic monoterpene D- and L-camphor, terminates in acetate release and isobutyrate chain debranching. By transduction, two gene linkage groups are shown for the reactions before and after isobutyrate. The group for reactions before isobutyrate is plasmid borne, contransferable by conjugation, mitomycin curable, and shows a higher segregation rate from cells that are multiplasmid rather than carrying a single plasmid. The genes that code for isobutyrate and essential anaplerotic and amphibolic metabolism are chromosomal. By conjugation plasmid-borne genes are transferred at a higher frequency than are chromosomal, and are transferred in homologous crosses more frequently than between heterologous species. Most isobutyrate-positive fluorescent pseudomonad strains will accept and express the camphor plasmid.
Dishevelled activates Ca2+ flux, PKC, and CamKII in vertebrate embryos (2003)

Wnt ligands and Frizzled (Fz) receptors have been shown to activate multiple intracellular signaling pathways. Activation of the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway has been described in greatest detail, but it has been reported that Wnts and Fzs also activate vertebrate planar cell polarity (PCP) and Wnt-Ca2+ pathways. Although the intracellular protein Dishevelled (Dsh) plays a dual role in both the Wnt-beta-catenin and the PCP pathways, its potential involvement in the Wnt-Ca2+ pathway has not been investigated. Here we show that a Dsh deletion construct, XDshDeltaDIX, which is sufficient for activation of the PCP pathway, is also sufficient for activation of three effectors of the Wnt-Ca2+ pathway: Ca2+ flux, PKC, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CamKII). Furthermore, we find that interfering with endogenous Dsh function reduces the activation of PKC by Xfz7 and interferes with normal heart development. These data suggest that the Wnt-Ca2+ pathway utilizes Dsh, thereby implicating Dsh as a component of all reported Fz signaling pathways.
In vivo X-Ray Computed Tomographic Imaging of Soft Tissue with Native, Intravenous, or Oral Contrast (2013)

X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) is one of the most commonly utilized anatomical imaging modalities for both research and clinical purposes. CT combines high-resolution, three-dimensional data with relatively fast acquisition to provide a solid platform for non-invasive human or specimen imaging. The primary limitation of CT is its inability to distinguish many soft tissues based on native contrast. While bone has high contrast within a CT image due to its material density from calcium phosphate, soft tissue is less dense and many are homogenous in density. This presents a challenge in distinguishing one type of soft tissue from another. A couple exceptions include the lungs as well as fat, both of which have unique densities owing to the presence of air or bulk hydrocarbons, respectively. In order to facilitate X-ray CT imaging of other structures, a range of contrast agents have been developed to selectively identify and visualize the anatomical properties of individual tissues. Most agents incorporate atoms like iodine, gold, or barium because of their ability to absorb X-rays, and thus impart contrast to a given organ system. Here we review the strategies available to visualize lung, fat, brain, kidney, liver, spleen, vasculature, gastrointestinal tract, and liver tissues of living mice using either innate contrast, or commercial injectable or ingestible agents with selective perfusion. Further, we demonstrate how each of these approaches will facilitate the non-invasive, longitudinal, in vivo imaging of pre-clinical disease models at each anatomical site.
Ergodic capacities for downlink of MC-CDMA system with different detection and resource allocation strategies (2003)

We considered the ergodic capacity for the downlink of an MC-CDMA system. Peer-to-peer decoding and successive cancellation decoding are considered to obtain the ergodic capacity region. It is assumed that the transmitter does not track the instantaneous channel response of all users, but notices the average received SNR of each user. Three types of resource allocation strategies are considered. Numerical results demonstrate ergodic capacity regions with different combination of decoding and resource allocation strategies under the Rayleigh frequency selective channel.
Bone Marrow Angiogenesis in Patients with Hematological Malignancies: Role of VEGF (2000)

The formation of new capillaries from pre-existing blood vessels is known as angiogenesis. This process is enhanced by several cytokines including basic fibroblastic growth factor (bFGF), IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and others. VEGF appears to be the most relevant cytokine in this respect, since its expression is closely correlated with vessel density in several human tumors and inhibition of VEGF by specific antibodies suppresses tumor growth. The aim of our work was to study BM angiogenesis in a variety of hematopoietic neoplasms and to investigate any possible role for VEGF in the growth of such neoplasms. A total of 80 patients with various hematological neoplasms were evaluated for BM angiogenesis. They were divided into 4 groups including 20 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and 20 patients with Hodgkin's disease, both with bone marrow infiltration, 20 patients with multiple myeloma and 20 patients with acute leukemia. Sera from patients and controls were collected for estimation of VEGF. Our results showed that both microvessel density in BM biopsies and serum VEGF levels in patients with hematological malignancies significantly exceeded those of the controls. Also, there was a significant positive correlation between the vessel count and VEGF levels in patients with both MM and NHL.
Ten-Year Follow-up on Tumor Growth and Hearing in Patients Observed With an Intracanalicular Vestibular Schwannoma (2016)

Tumor growth occurred in only a minority of patients diagnosed with an intracanalicular VS during 10 years of observation. The risk of hearing loss is small in patients with normal discrimination at diagnosis. Serviceable hearing is preserved spontaneously in 34% according to AAO-HNS and in 58% according to the word recognition score.
Crystalline Control of {111} Bounded Pt<sub>3</sub>Cu Nanocrystals: Multiply-Twinned Pt<sub>3</sub>Cu Icosahedra with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Properties (2015)

Despite that different facets have distinct catalytic behavior, the important role of twin defects on enhancing the catalytic performance of metallic nanocrystals is largely unrevealed. The key challenge in demonstrating the importance of twin defects for catalysis is the extreme difficulties in creating nanostructures with the same exposed facets but tunable twin defects that are suitable for catalytic investigations. Herein, we show an efficient synthetic strategy to selectively synthesize {111}-terminated Pt3Cu nanocrystals with controllable crystalline features. Two distinct {111}-bounded shapes, namely, multiply-twinned Pt3Cu icosahedra and single-crystalline Pt3Cu octahedra, are successfully prepared by simply changing the types of Cu precursors with the other growth parameters unchanged. Electrocatalytic studies show that the {111}-terminated Pt3Cu nanocrystals exhibit the very interesting crystalline nature-dependent electrocatalytic activities toward both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) with multiply-twinned Pt3Cu icosahedra demonstrating enhanced electrocatalytic activities compared to the single-crystalline Pt3Cu octahedra due to their additional yet important effect of twin defect. As a result, under the multiple tuning conditions (alloy, shape, and twin effects), the multiply-twinned Pt3Cu icosahedra exhibit much enhanced electrocatalytic activities in both ORR and MOR with respect to the Pt black. The present work highlights the importance of twin defects in enhancing electrocatalytic activities of metallic nanocrystals.
Definition of the full extent of glycosylation of the 45-kilodalton glycoprotein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1996)

Chemical evidence for the true glycosylation of mycobacterial proteins was recently provided in the context of the 45-kDa MPT 32 secreted protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (K. Dobos, K. Swiderek, K.-H. Khoo, P. J. Brennan, and J. T. Belisle, Infect. Immun. 63:2846-2853, 1995). However, the full extent and nature of glycosylation as well as the location of glycosylated amino acids remained undefined. First, to examine the nature of the covalently attached sugars, the 45-kDa protein was obtained from cells metabolically labeled with D-[U-14C] glucose and subjected to compositional analysis, which revealed mannose as the only covalently bound sugar. Digestion of the protein with the endoproteinase subtilisin and analysis of products by liquid chromatography-electrospray-mass spectrometry on the basis of fragments demonstrating neutral losses of hexose (m/z 162) or pentose (m/z 132) revealed five glycopeptides, S7, S18, S22, S29, and S41 among a total of 50 peptides, all of which produced only m/z 162 fragmentation ion deletions. Fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, N-terminal amino acid sequencing, and alpha-mannosidase digestion demonstrated universal O glycosylation of Thr residues with a single alpha-D-Man, mannobiose, or mannotriose unit. Linkages within the mannobiose and mannotriose were all alpha 1-2, as proven by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of oligosaccharides released by beta-elimination. Total sequences of many of the glycosylated and nonglycosylated peptides combined with published information on the deduced amino acid sequence of the entire 45-kDa protein demonstrated that the sites of glycosylation were located in Pro-rich domains near the N terminus and C terminus of the polypeptide backbone. Specifically, the Thr residues at positions 10 and 18 were substituted with alpha-D-Manp(1-->2)alpha-D-Manp, the Thr residue at position 27 was substituted with a single alpha-D-Manp, and Thr-277 was substituted with either alpha-D-Manp, alpha-D-Manp(1-->2)alpha-D-Manp, or alpha-D-Manp(1--> 2)alpha-D-Manp(1-->2)alpha-D-Manp. This report further corroborates the existence of true prokaryotic glycoproteins, defines the complete structure of a mycobacterial mannoprotein and the first complete structure of a mannosylated mycobacterial protein, and establishes the principles for the study of other mycobacterial glycoproteins.
Galactosemia: The good, the bad, and the unknown (2006)

Alpha-D-galactose is metabolized in species ranging from E. coli to mammals predominantly via a series of sequential reactions collectively known as the Leloir pathway. Deficiency of any one of these enzymes in humans results in a form of the inherited metabolic disorder, galactosemia, although the symptoms and severity depend upon the enzyme impaired, and the degree of functional deficiency (Tyfield and Walter, 2002, The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease. New York: McGraw Hill.). Studies of these enzymes, and the disorders associated with their loss, have led to a much deeper appreciation of the intricate and interwoven levels of regulation that govern their normal function. These insights have further identified likely mediators of outcome severity in patients, and have enabled a rational approach to the development of novel strategies of intervention.