gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> evaluation of acellular diaphragmatic matrices seeded with muscle precursors cells and coated with VEGF silica gels to repair muscle defect of the diaphragm (2008)

In this work, a bioartificial system consisting of VEGF-loaded porous silica gel and myoblasts cultured on acellular diaphragmatic matrix (ADM) has been implanted to repair a surgically created diaphragmatic defect in Lewis rats. ADMs exerted a strong angiogenic response on chorio-allantoic membrane. Cytotoxicity, VEGF release and matrix erodibility in vitro tests demonstrated that the silica support was nontoxic and that the VEGF bioactivity was maintained after matrix entrapment and it was released within a timeframe that can be modulated by synthesis parameters. Different grafts composed by ADMs with and without autologous male myoblasts or/and VEGF-loaded porous silica gel have been implanted to repair previously created diaphragmatic defects in female Lewis rats. Patches composed of ADMs and myoblasts appeared well preserved until 8 weeks, and contained multinucleated cells and cholinergic fibers. At 8 weeks, the implanted cells were still present inside the patches. The disappointing results obtained when VEGF was delivered by porous silica gel were probably due to an abnormal angiogenic response following an excess of local growth factor concentration. Taken together, these results confirmed that our matrices contained biologically active angiogenic factors which were per se sufficient to induce neo-vessels formation, thus allowing the survival of implanted myoblasts.
A Study on the Encryption Algorithm for RFID Tag (SEED : 8 Rounds &#x0D7; 64 bits block) (2008)

Although it is always weak between RFID tag and terminal in focus of the security, there are no security skills in RFID tag. Recently there are a lot of studying in order to protect it, but because it has some physical limitation of RFID, that is it should be low electric power and high speed, it is impossible to protect with the skills. At present, the methods of RFID security are using a security server, a security policy and security. One of them the most famous skill is the security module, then they has an authentication skill and an encryption skill. In this paper, we designed and implemented after modification original SEED into 8 round and 64 bits for tag.
Altered organization of cell-substrate contacts and membrane-associated cytoskeleton in tumor cell variants exhibiting different metastatic capabilities. (1982)

The pattern of cell-substrate attachment and the organization of actin-containing microfilament bundles were analyzed in tumor cell variants of the K-1735 melanoma and UV-2237 fibrosarcoma series exhibiting distinct metastatic phenotypes. In both tumors, the low-metastatic cells were relatively flat, with well-developed focal contacts. Visualization of the cellular organization of actin and vinculin by fluorescence microscopy indicated that the low-metastatic cells contained prominent stress fibers which terminated in large vinculin-containing focal contacts. The high-metastatic cells were characterized by poor organization of vinculin and adhesion plaques as well as by low number and disarray of actin bundles. These results are compatible with the notion that cytoskeletal organization may be involved in cytodynamic processes related to tumor cell dissemination and implantation.
Low cost vector quantization methods for spectral coding in low rate speech coders (2002)

In low rate speech coders based on the linear prediction method, the quality of synthesized speech can be improved by enhancement of the short-term spectrum quantization stage. In this study, we propose two new efficient methods for coding the spectral parameters, namely sorted codebook vector quantization (SCVQ) and fine-coarse vector quantization (FCVQ). The principles of these methods are presented along with the methods of training and optimizing the related codebooks. The performance of the new schemes is compared experimentally with other efficient methods, such as tree-searched vector quantization (TSVQ) and multi-stage vector quantization (MSVQ). We demonstrate that the new methods offer significant cost reduction whilst achieving superior quality.
Arginine vasopressin stimulates net fluid secretion in a polarized subculture of cyst-forming MDCK cells. (1991)

Transepithelial fluid secretion is an important process in the progressive enlargement of certain types of renal cysts. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) increases the rate of cyst formation and expansion in an in vitro model of renal cysts that uses Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells grown in a gelled matrix of Type 1 collagen. In this study, it was determined if AVP promoted net fluid secretion by MDCK cells. The rate of volumetric fluid secretion was determined from the net movement of water across epithelial layers of MDCK cells grown on permeable, collagen-coated membranes. AVP in the basolateral medium (but not in apical medium) at concentrations exceeding 10(-9) M caused sustained basolateral to apical transepithelial fluid secretion (approximately 0.6 microL/cm2/h). 1-Desamino-8-D-AVP, a V2 receptor agonist, had a similar effect. The secreted fluid was hyperosmotic compared with the bath (5.7 to 9.7 mosM). Chloride was consistently secreted, but the absolute level in the secreted fluid was variable. Intracellular cAMP content was increased 187% by a 2-h exposure to AVP and 10(-4) M methylisobutylxanthine. Net fluid secretion was augmented by methylisobutylxanthine and theophylline and was inhibited by ouabain, bumetanide, and a sodium-dependent Cl-/HCO3- exchange inhibitor (L-645,695) but was not altered by clonidine, guanabenz, or indomethacin. AVP-induced fluid secretion was not accompanied by a change in transepithelial hydraulic conductivity. It is suggested that AVP stimulates fluid secretion of MDCK epithelial monolayers by activating V2 receptor-mediated adenylate cyclase. The regulation of net fluid secretion by AVP would appear to depend on modulation of solute transport, rather than on water permeability.
Explicit modeling of control and data for improved NoC router estimation (2012)

Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) are scalable fabrics for interconnection networks used in many-core architectures. ORION2.0 is a widely adopted NoC power and area estimation tool; however, its models for area, power and gate count can have large errors (up to 110% on average) versus actual implementation. In this work, we propose a new methodology that analyzes netlists of NoC routers that have been placed and routed by commercial tools, and then performs explicit modeling of control and data paths followed by regression analysis to create highly accurate gate count, area and power models for NoCs. When compared with actual implementations, our new models have average estimation errors of no more than 9.8% across microarchitecture and implementation parameters. We further describe modeling extensions that enable more detailed flit-level power estimation when integrated with simulation tools such as GARNET.
A standards-based, flexible, end-to-end multi-view video streaming architecture (2007)

In this paper we propose a novel framework for the streaming of 3-D representations in the form of Multi- View Videos (MVV). The proposed streaming system is completely standards based, flexible and backwards compatible in order to support monoscopic streaming to legacy clients. We demonstrate compatibility of the proposed system with various possible encoding schemes and operating scenarios. In the current implementation, the MVVs in the server are compressed using a simplified form of MVC with negligible loss of compression efficiency and streamed using Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), Session Description Protocol (SDP) and Real Time Protocol (RTP) to the clients. We describe our extensions to SDP and discuss a preliminary RTP payload format for MVC. The clients in this implementation perform basic error concealment to reduce the effects of packet losses and decode MVC in near-real-time. The modular clients can display decoded 3-D content on a multitude of 3-D display systems.
Phospholipid nanodisc engineering for drug delivery systems (2012)

Biocompatible mesoscale nanoparticles (5-100 nm in diameter) are attractive tools for drug delivery. Among them are several types of liposomes and polymer micelles already in clinical trial or use. Generally, biocompatibility of such particles is achieved by coating them with polyethylene glycol (PEG). Without PEG coating, particles are quickly trapped in the reticuloendothelial system when intravenously administered. However, recent studies have revealed several potential problems with PEG coating, including antigenicity and restriction of cellular uptake. This has motivated the development of alternative drug and gene delivery vehicles, including chemically and genetically engineered high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-like nanodiscs or "bicelles". HDL is a naturally occurring mesoscale nanoparticle that normally ferries cholesterol around in the body. Its initial "nascent" form is thought to be a simple 10 nm disc of phospholipids in a bilayer, and can be easily synthesized in vitro by mixing recombinant apoA-I proteins with various phospholipids. In this review, the use of synthetic HDL-like phospholipid nanodiscs as biocompatible drug carriers is summarized, focussing on manufacturing, size-control, drug loading and cell targeting.
Abrupt visual onsets and selective attention: Voluntary versus automatic allocation. (1990)

The hypothesis that abrupt visual onsets capture attention automatically, as suggested by Yantis and Jonides (1984) was tested in four experiments. A centrally located cue directed attention to one of several stimulus positions in preparation for the identification of a target letter embedded in an array of distractor letters. In all experiments, one stimulus (either the target or one of the distractors) had an abrupt onset; the remaining letters did not. The effectiveness of the cue was manipulated (varying either its duration or its predictive validity) to test whether abrupt onsets capture attention even when subjects are in a highly focused attentional state. Results showed that onsets do not necessarily capture attention in violation of an observer's intentions. A mechanism for partially automatic attentional capture by abrupt onset is proposed, and the diagnosticity of the intentionality criterion for automaticity is discussed.
Variance bounds for passively locating an acoustic source with a symmetric line array (1977)

The maximum-likelihood (ML) processor is presented for passively estimating range and bearing to an acoustic source. The source signal is observed for a finite-time duration at several sensors in the presence of uncorrelated noise. When the speed of sound in an isovelocity medium and the sensor positions are known, the ML estimator for position constrains the source to sensor delays to be focused into a point corresponding to a hypothesized source location. The variances of the range error and bearing error are presented for the optimum processor. It is shown that for bearing and range estimation, different sensor configurations are desirable. However, if the area of uncertainty is to be minimized, then the sensors should be divided into equal groups with one-third of the sensors in each group.
Planarized thin film inductors and capacitors for hybrid integrated circuits made of aluminum and anodic alumina (1994)

Planarized inductors and capacitors made of aluminum layers by electrochemical anodization technique have been tested in the frequency region of 1 kHz-300 MHz at temperatures of 293-473 K. These microcomponents can be used for high-frequency hybrid integrated circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fictive temperature measurement of single-mode optical-fiber core and cladding (2001)

The fictive temperatures of single-mode optical-fiber core, along with its inner and outer cladding, were measured using an infrared (IR) reflection method on the fiber cross-sectional surface. To allow for usage of a larger IR beam size than the diameter of the fiber core, the cross-sectional area of the fiber was increased by slicing the fiber at an oblique angle, along approximately 3/spl deg/ off the fiber axis direction. The magnitude of the fictive temperature was estimated from the IR peak wavenumber-fictive temperature relation obtained for bulk glasses with the same compositions. The observed fictive temperature was in the range of 1150/spl sim/1300/spl deg/C for the core, 1450/spl sim/1550/spl deg/C for the inner cladding, and 1620/spl sim/1660/spl deg/C for the outer cladding and exhibited good correlation with the fiber cooling rate.
A Relationship-Based VM Placement Framework of Cloud Environment (2013)

Managing computation resources in a cost-effective way has become the core competence for a Cloud provider to win over the market because of the "pay-as-you-go" business model. Therefore, VM placement has become more and more important in the research and practices of VM management by determining at what condition and on which physical server a VM should be placed so that the SLA can be guaranteed and servers' utilization can be improved. Much existing work simply formulates the above issue to be a bin-packing problem, which does not take the VM relationships into account. However, the relationship information can greatly impact the SLA of the Cloud system and the resource utilization. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a relationship-based VM placement framework, SmartCRS, to optimize the VM placement procedure. SmartCRS reveals the relationships between VMs automatically. Then by using such information and based on a constraint library, it gives a proper VM placement plan. Finally, the plan is carried out by SmartCRS automatically or by Cloud administrators manually to improve the server utilization and guarantee the required SLA. Two case studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework at the end of this paper.
The growth potential in managing supplier risk (2010)

Subtitle: The downsides of a supplier failure are pretty obvious. Less clear are the advantages to be gained by aggressively managing and mitigating supplier risk. Two supply chain management executives from DHL tell how their company transitioned from a reactive to a proactive approach to supplier risk. This approach not only results in greater supply continuity but also serves as a building block for future growth.
Autism Spectrum Disorders: From Immunity to Behavior (2012)

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex and heterogeneous with a spectrum of diverse symptoms. Mounting evidence from a number of disciplines suggests a link between immune function and ASD. Although the causes of ASD have yet to be identified, genetic studies have uncovered a host of candidate genes relating to immune regulation that are altered in ASD, while epidemiological studies have shown a relationship with maternal immune disturbances during pregnancy and ASD. Moreover, decades of research have identified numerous systemic and cellular immune abnormalities in individuals with ASD and their families. These include changes in immune cell number, differences in cytokine and chemokine production, and alterations of cellular function at rest and in response to immunological challenge. Many of these changes in immune responses are associated with increasing impairment in behaviors that are core features of ASD. Despite this evidence, much remains to be understood about the precise mechanism by which the immune system alters neurodevelopment and to what extent it is involved in the pathogenesis of ASD. With estimates of ASD as high as 1% of children, ASD is a major public health issue. Improvements in our understanding of the interactions between the nervous and immune system during early neurodevelopment and how this interaction is different in ASD will have important therapeutic implications with wide ranging benefits.
RELATIVE PROTEIN VALUE OF DEFATTED CORN GERM FLOUR (1977)

ABSTRACT Isocaloric diets containing various levels of protein supplied as commercially prepared defatted corn germ flour (CGF), CGF supplemented with 0.07% methionine and 0.02% leucine (SCGF), casein (C) or lactal‐bumin (LA) were compared in this study. Weight gains of weanling rats fed various growth‐limiting amounts of protein were used to determine a protein value, defined as the slope of the regression line relating weight gain to protein intake, for each of the protein sources. The PV of CGF was significantly different from that of LA, but did not differ significantly from the PV of SCGF andC. The relative protein value of CGF, the ratio of the PV of CGF to the PV of LA, is 0.62 ± 0.06. These data indicate that the protein in commercially prepared CGF is of good quality and could be a valuable source of protein for human diets.
Activin receptor-like kinases: a diverse family playing an important role in cancer. (2016)

The role and function of the members of the TGFβ superfamily has been a substantial area of research focus for the last several decades. During that time, it has become apparent that aberrations in TGFβ family signaling, whether through the BMP, Activin, or TGFβ arms of the pathway, can result in tumorigenesis or contribute to its progression. Downstream signaling regulates cellular growth under normal physiological conditions yet induces diverse processes during carcinogenesis, ranging from epithelial- to-mesenchymal transition to cell migration and invasion to angiogenesis. Due to these observations, the question has been raised how to utilize and target components of these signaling pathways in cancer therapy. Given that these cascades include both ligands and receptors, there are multiple levels at which to interfere. Activin receptor-like kinases (ALKs) are a group of seven type I receptors responsible for TGFβ family signal transduction and are utilized by many ligands within the superfamily. The challenge lies in specifically targeting the often-overlapping functional effects of BMP, Activin, or TGFβ signaling during cancer progression. This review focuses on the characteristic function of the individual receptors within each subfamily and their recognized roles in cancer. We next explore the clinical utility of therapeutically targeting ALKs as some have shown partial responses in Phase I clinical trials but disappointing outcomes when used in Phase II studies. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions of this body of work.
The impact of blurred vision on cognitive assessment (2006)

The purpose of this study was to systematically assess the effect of blurred vision on several nonverbal neuropsychological measures commonly used as part of test batteries to assess the cognitive status of different patient populations. A total of 30 highly educated and healthy participants aged between 21 and 33 years were placed in one of three blurred vision groups, defined by their maximal visual acuity (20/20 or control group, 20/40, and 20/60). Blurred vision was simulated using positive diopters at a distance of 40 cm, the same distance as that at which tests were administered. Each participant was then assessed on a predetermined battery of nonverbal and verbal neuropsychological tests demanding different levels of acuity for optimal performance (i.e., tests whose items varied in terms of size and spatial frequency characteristics). In general, blurred vision significantly affected performance on nonverbal tests defined by small-sized/high-spatial-frequency items to a greater extent than on tests defined by larger sized/lower spatial-frequency items. As expected, blurred vision did not affect verbal test performance (Similarities, Information, and Arithmetic WAIS subtests). Our results are a clear indication of how even a "minimal" loss of visual acuity (20/40) can have a significant effect on the performance for certain nonverbal tests. In conclusion, such inferior performance is hypothetically interpretable as reflecting impaired cognitive functioning (i.e., attentional) targeted by a specific task (i.e., visual search) and suggests that the precision of the cognitive assessment and subsequent diagnosis are significantly biased when visuo-sensory abilities are not optimal, particularly for older patient populations where blurred vision resulting from correctable visual impairment is quite common.
Über die Umsetzung Natürlich vorkommender Pyrimidinbasen mit Hydrazin und methylsubstituierten Hydrazinen (1965)

Abstract Uracil liefert mit Methylhydrazin 1‐Methyl‐pyrazolon‐(5) und Harnstoff (I) und mit symm . Dimethylhydrazin 1.2‐Dimethyl‐pyrazolon‐(5) und I. Dabei lassen sich als Zwischenprodukte 1‐Methyl‐ und 1.2‐Dimethyl‐3‐ureido‐pyrazolidon‐(5) isolieren. – Die Reaktion von Thymin mit Methylhydrazin führt zu 1.4‐Dimethyl‐ und mit symm . Dimethylhydrazin zu 1.2.4‐Trimethyl‐pyrazolon‐(5) und I. Im letzten Falle läßt sich 1.2.4‐Trimethyl‐3‐ureido‐pyrazolidon‐(5) isolieren. – Cytosin reagiert in alkalischem Milieu mit Hydrazin und mit Methyl‐hydrazin unter Abspaltung von I, während es von symm . Dimethylhydrazin kaum angegriffen wird. Im neutralen bis schwach sauren Bereich erhält man stets einen Austausch der Aminogruppe gegen die entsprechende Hydrazinogruppe, wobei im Falle des unsubstituierten Hydrazins außerdem 1.2‐Bis‐[2‐oxo‐1.2‐dihydropyrimidyl‐(4)]‐hydrazin entsteht.
Design and Analysis of a Distributed Multi-leg Stock Trading System (2011)

We present the design, optimization and analysis of a highly flexible and efficient multi-leg stock trading system. Automated electronic multi-leg trading allows atomic processing of consolidated orders such as "Buy 200 shares of IBM and sell 100 shares of HPQ". While the expressive power of multi-leg trading brings significant value to investors, it also poses major challenges to stock exchange architecture design, due to additional complexities introduced in performance, tradability, and fairness. Performance can be significantly worse due to the need to coordinate transactions among multiple stocks at once. This paper studies the performance of multi-leg trading under different fairness constraints and variability in order price and order quantity. We identify the major performance bottlenecks when using traditional atomic commitment protocols such as 2-Phase Commit (2PC), and propose a new look-ahead algorithm to maximize transaction concurrency and minimize performance degradation. We have implemented a base-line 2PC prototype and a look-ahead optimized prototype on IBM z10 z Series e Server mainframes. Our experimental results show that the look-ahead optimization can improve throughput by 58% and reduce latency by 30%.
Detection of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) using isothermal amplification of target DNA sequences (2009)

This work shows that GMO detection can be carried out using LAMP for routine screening as well as for specific events detection. Moreover, the sensitivity and ability to amplify targets, even with a high background of DNA, here demonstrated, highlights the advantages of this isothermal amplification when applied for GMO detection.