gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of polarization and absorption on laser induced optical breakdown threshold for skin rejuvenation (2016)

Laser induced optical breakdown (LIOB) is a non-linear absorption process leading to plasma formation at locations where the threshold irradiance for breakdown is surpassed. In this paper we experimentally demonstrate the influence of polarization and absorption on laser induced breakdown threshold in transparent, absorbing and scattering phantoms made from water suspensions of polystyrene microspheres. We demonstrate that radially polarized light yields a lower irradiance threshold for creating optical breakdown compared to linearly polarized light. We also demonstrate that the thermal initiation pathway used for generating seed electrons results in a lower irradiance threshold compared to multiphoton initiation pathway used for optical breakdown.
Feature selection for improved bandwidth extension of speech signals (2004)

The aim of artificial bandwidth extension (BWE) is to convert speech signals with "standard telephone" quality (frequencies up to 3.4 kHz) into 7 kHz wideband speech. The principal key to high quality BWE is the estimation of the spectral envelope of the wideband speech. In general, this estimation of the wideband spectral envelope is based on a number of features that are extracted from the narrowband input speech signal. We investigate potential features and evaluate their suitability for the BWE application. The quality of each feature is quantified in terms of the statistical measures of mutual information and separability. It turns out that the best BWE results are obtained by using a large feature "super-vector" (/spl rarr/ high mutual information) which is subsequently reduced in dimension by a linear discriminant analysis (/spl rarr/ large separability). This solution also helps to reduce the computational complexity of the estimation of the wideband spectral envelope.
Endovascular Repair Reduces Early and Late Morbidity Compared to Open Surgery for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (2002)

Endovascular stent-graft repair compared to open surgery has reduced the early and late morbidity by half. Complications that require invasive or secondary surgical procedures and hospitalization are reduced with endovascular repair.
Multipage Read for <sc>nand</sc> Flash (2016)

NAND flash memories achieve very high densities through a series connection of all cells in a bitline. In current memories, each wordline is read independently by biasing all the other cells to act as pass transistors and sensing all the bitlines in parallel. This brief proposes a new method that reads multiple wordlines simultaneously and returns a combination of their stored information. This multipage read method is shown to be useful for equalizing the intercell interference, reduce the damage caused by erase operations, and speed up the decoding of a certain class of codes.
A CRM system for social media (2013)

The social Customer Relationship Management (CRM) landscape is attracting significant attention from customers and enterprises alike as a sustainable channel for tracking, managing and improving customer relations. Enterprises are taking a hard look at this open, unmediated platform because the community effect generated on this channel can have a telling effect on their brand image, potential market opportunity and customer loyalty. In this work we present our experiences in building a system that mines conversations on social platforms to identify and prioritize those posts and messages that are relevant to enterprises. The system presented in this work aims to empower an agent or a representative in an enterprise to monitor, track and respond to customer communication while also encouraging community participation.
Characterization of chemokine receptor expression and cytokine production in circulating CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells from patients with atopic dermatitis: up‐regulation of C‐C chemokine receptor 4 in atopic dermatitis (2002)

CCR4+ cells might be involved in the aetiopathogenesis of AD.
Tm-Doped Fiber Lasers: Fundamentals and Power Scaling (2009)

We describe fundamental measurements of the properties of thulium (Tm)-doped silica and power scaling studies of fiber lasers based on the material. Data on the high-lying Tm:silica energy levels, the first taken to our knowledge, indicate that pumping at 790 nm is unlikely to lead to fiber darkening via multiphoton excitation. Measurement of the cross-relaxation dynamics produces an estimate that, at the doping levels used, as much as 80% of the decay of the Tm level pumped is due to cross relaxation. Using a fiber having a 25-mum-diameter, 0.08 numerical aperture (NA) core, we observed fiber laser efficiencies as high as 64.5% and output powers of 300 W (around 2040 nm) for 500 W of launched pump power, with a nearly diffraction-limited beam. At these efficiencies, the cross-relaxation process was producing 1.8 laser photons per pump photon. We generated 885 W from a multimode laser using a 35-mum, 0.2-NA core fiber and set a new record for Tm-doped fiber laser continuous-wave power.
Auxin Transport Is Required for Hypocotyl Elongation in Light-Grown but Not Dark-Grown Arabidopsis1 (1998)

Many auxin responses are dependent on redistribution and/or polar transport of indoleacetic acid. Polar transport of auxin can be inhibited through the application of phytotropins such as 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). When Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings were grown in the light on medium containing 1.0 microM NPA, hypocotyl and root elongation and gravitropism were strongly inhibited. When grown in darkness, however, NPA disrupted the gravity response but did not affect elongation. The extent of inhibition of hypocotyl elongation by NPA increased in a fluence-rate-dependent manner to a maximum of about 75% inhibition at 50 mumol m-2 s-1 of white light. Plants grown under continuous blue or far-red light showed NPA-induced hypocotyl inhibition similar to that of white-light-grown plants. Plants grown under continuous red light showed less NPA-induced inhibition. Analysis of photoreceptor mutants indicates the involvement of phytochrome and cryptochrome in mediating this NPA response. Hypocotyls of some auxin-resistant mutants had decreased sensitivity to NPA in the light, but etiolated seedlings of these mutants were similar in length to the wild type. These results indicate that light has a significant effect on NPA-induced inhibition in Arabidopsis, and suggest that auxin has a more important role in elongation responses in light-grown than in dark-grown seedlings.
Methods and Reagents for Green Chemistry (2007)

Methods and reagents for green chemistry , Methods and reagents for green chemistry , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
An Introduction to the Theory of Piezoelectricity (2005)

This book is based on lecture notes for a graduate course that has been offered at University of Nebraska-Lincoln on and off since 1998. The course is intended to provide graduate students with the ba
Buried Cobalt Silicide Layers in Silicon Created by Wafer Bonding (1994)

A buried conductive layer in silicon has been created using wafer bonding technique, with a cobalt interfacial layer. Co‐coated silicon wafers were brought into contact with either similar or uncoated wafers at room temperature. was then formed through a solid‐phase reaction, during an anneal at 700 to 900°C. A 700 Å buried , with a resistivity of approximately 21 μΩ cm, was achieved. Good adhesion, as measured by tensile strength testing, between the wafers was achieved. Transmission electron microscopic investigations (Co‐coated wafer bonded to bare silicon) showed that the silicide has not grown into the opposite wafer, and that an amorphous layer exists between the silicide and the silicon surface. The presence of such a layer has been confirmed by electrical characterization.
Prevalence, species differentiation, and toxigenicity of Aeromonas strains in cases of childhood gastroenteritis and in controls (1986)

In a 1-year period (January to December 1984), Aeromonas strains were isolated from feces of 21 of 561 (3.7%) children with gastroenteritis and from 12 of 576 (2.1%) children without intestinal disturbances (controls). The difference between the two isolation rates was not significant (X2 = 2.2; P greater than 0.05). In five cases of illness other intestinal pathogens were isolated together with Aeromonas in the same stool sample. A total of 39 Aeromonas strains were detected since in some cases aeromonads with different biochemical characteristics were obtained from the same stool sample. Of the 39 Aeromonas isolates, 6 strains (5 from patients) were Aeromonas hydrophila, 5 strains (3 from patients) were Aeromonas sobria, and 26 strains (18 from patients) were Aeromonas caviae; 2 strains isolated from controls did not ferment sucrose and were considered a distinct group of Aeromonas. We found no significant difference between the prevalence of each of these species from patients and the prevalence from controls. We found no significant difference in the prevalence of enterotoxin-producing strains (suckling mouse model), cytotoxin-producing strains (HEp-2 cell model), or hemolysin-producing strains (rabbit erythrocyte model) between patients and controls. In our geographical region there is no evidence that Aeromonas species are primary intestinal pathogens in children.
Interpretation of Blood Gas and Acid-Base Data (1979)

Before discussing clinical cases we would like to present a brief recent history of developments in the area of acid-base and blood gas analysis so some appreciation of the efforts of those who have worked to simplify measurement techniques and clarify clinical evaluation procedures may be justly given. We would also like to illustrate with the aid of two clinical cases the importance of proper interpretation of acid-base and blood gas data. In 1908 Henderson applied physico-chemical principles to estimation of the hydrogen ion concentration in physiologic fluids. He stated that
Training feedforward neural networks using genetic algorithms (1989)

Multilayered feedforward neural networks possess a number of properties which make them particularly suited to complex pattern classification problems. However, their application to some realworld problems has been hampered by the lack of a training algonthm which reliably finds a nearly globally optimal set of weights in a relatively short time. Genetic algorithms are a class of optimization procedures which are good at exploring a large and complex space in an intelligent way to find values close to the global optimum. Hence, they are well suited to the problem of training feedforward networks. In this paper, we describe a set of experiments performed on data from a sonar image classification problem. These experiments both 1) illustrate the improvements gained by using a genetic algorithm rather than backpropagation and 2) chronicle the evolution of the performance of the genetic algorithm as we added more and more domain-specific knowledge into it.
Pathogenesis of Myeloma (2011)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a neoplasm of post-germinal center, terminally differentiated B cells. It is characterized by a multifocal proliferation of clonal, long-lived plasma cells within the bone marrow (BM) and associated skeletal destruction, serum monoclonal gammopathy, immune suppression, and end-organ sequelae. MM is preceded by an age-progressive premalignant condition termed monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Unlike the genomes of most hematological malignancies, and similar to those of solid-tissue neoplasms, MM genomes are typified by numerous structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations as well as mutations in a number of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, some of which have been linked to disease pathogenesis and clinical behavior. Recent studies have also defined the importance of interactions between the MM cells and their BM microenvironment, dysregulation in signaling pathways and in a specialized subpopulation of cells within the tumor (termed myeloma cancer stem cells) for tumor cell growth and survival, and the development of resistance to therapy.
Symmetric Disparity Estimation in Distributed Coding of Stereo Images (2006)

Disparity estimation has been widely studied in the literature of stereo matching and coding. However, how to shift disparity estimation from encoder to decoder to support distributed coding applications poses a new challenge. In this paper, we present a symmetric distributed coding protocol in which interlaced representations of stereo pair are finely and coarsely quantized as primary and secondary channels respectively. At the decoder, side information is generated from the primary channel by an expectation maximization (EM)-like algorithm and a novel dual exploitation of the secondary channel is proposed to simultaneously resolve intensity uncertainty and refine disparity estimation. Preliminary experimental results for synthetic images are reported to demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach.
[The epidemiology of hemolytic uremic syndrome in Argentina. Diagnosis of the etiologic agent, reservoirs and routes of transmission]. (2006)

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) cause sporadic cases and outbreaks of nonbloody and bloody diarrhea, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). E. coil O157:H7 is the most prevalent STEC serotype. However, other serotypes (O26:H11; O103:H2; O111:NM; O121:H19; O145:NM, among others) can cause a similar disease spectrum. Shiga toxins (Stx1, Stx2, and their variants), intimin, and enterohemolysin are the main virulence factors. Three different diagnostic criteria are used to determine the frequency of STEC infection: 1) isolation and characterization of STEC strains; 2) detection of specifically neutralizable free fecal Stx; and 3) Serological tests to detect Stx-antibodies. The surveillance of the STEC strains is performed using subtyping techniques: a) genotyping of Stx and eae by PCR-RFLP; b) phage typing of E. coil O157 strains; and c) pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. STEC O157 and non-O157 strains are recovered from clinic, animal, food and environmental samples, and E. coli O157:H7, a Stx2 and Stx2c producer, harboring eae and ehxA genes, is the most common serotype. During a prospective case-control study conducted to evaluate risk factors for sporadic STEC infection in Mendoza Province and Buenos Aires City and its surroundings during 2001-2002, exposures associated with risk included eating undercooked beef, contact with a child < 5 years with diarrhea and living in or visiting a place with farm animals. Both washing hands after handling raw beef, and eating fruits and vegetables were frequently protective. Strategies of prevention and control are necessary to decrease the incidence of STEC infections in Argentina.
Genetic algorithm for single machine scheduling with general early-tardy penalty weights (1999)

It is in accordance with just-in-time (JIT) philosophy to penalize early/tardy jobs. An optimal method genetic-based is presented to solve single machine scheduling problem with general early-tardy penalty weights in the paper. A new heuristic crossover operator is proposed for searching optimal sequences. On different scale of scheduling problems, lots of comparative experiments were carried out and the results manifested the method effectiveness.
Blotting with Plate Electrodes (2003)

Since its introduction by Towbin et al. (1), electro-blotting has become one of the most valuable analytical procedures in protein research. Conventionally, the gel and the immobilizing matrix are sandwiched between porous pads and inserted between two electrodes in a buffer tank. Electrodes of platinum wire are mounted in such a way that, with a minimum amount of material, they still generate a uniform electrical field in the center of the buffer chamber, with the minimum amount of material. On the other hand, transfer efficiency is largely dependent of the voltage gradient between the two electrodes. High voltages generate high currents and high temperatures, whereas reducing the distance between wire electrodes seriously disturbs the electrical field (2). Plate electrodes yield essentially homogeneous electrical fields, even when they are moved close together. Vaessen et al. (3) were the first to experiment with plate electrodes. Kyhse-Andersen (4) introduced horizontal semidry blotting in which the transfer takes place in a stack of buffer-saturated filter papers, inserted between two graphite plates.
Personalizing treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2011)

Over the past few years, more effective therapies have emerged in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); these are mainly combinations of immunotherapy with fludarabine-based regimens. Despite the higher response rates obtained with these more intensive treatments, they may not always be applicable. Patients with several comorbidities have an increased toxicity with these newer therapies. Effective tools to distinguish between fit and nonfit patients and new therapeutic approaches suitable for fragile patients with CLL are therefore necessary. Moreover, there is still a subset of patients who are refractory to standard fludarabine-based treatments who continue to have very poor survival. Efforts to understand the mechanisms of resistance to treatment in order to develop new therapeutic agents for those patients are mandatory. Finally, advances in the knowledge of the pathogenesis of CLL are promoting the emergence of drugs directed to new biological targets of this disease. Consequently, trials exploring the toxicity profile and efficacy of these new therapeutic agents, alone or in combination with standard treatments, are warranted.
Micromachined Glass-Glass Microchips for In Vitro Fertilization (1995)

Journal Article Micromachined Glass-Glass Microchips for In Vitro Fertilization Get access Clinical Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 9, 1 September 1995, Pages 1358–1359, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/41.9.1358 Published: 01 September 1995
GPU acceleration of object classification algorithms using NVIDIA CUDA (2009)

The field of computer vision has become an important part of today's society, supporting crucial applications in the medical, manufacturing, military intelligence and surveillance domains. Many computer vision tasks can be divided into fundamental steps: image acquisition, pre-processing, feature extraction, detection or segmentation, and high-level processing. This work focuses on classification and object detection, specifically k-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine classification, and Viola & Jones object detection. \tObject detection and classification algorithms are computationally intensive, which makes it difficult to perform classification tasks in real-time. This thesis aims in overcoming the processing limitations of the above classification algorithms by offloading computation to the graphics processing unit (GPU) using NVIDIA's Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). \tThe primary focus of this work is the implementation of the Viola and Jones object detector in CUDA. A multi-GPU implementation provides a speedup ranging from 1x to 6.5x over optimized OpenCV code for image sizes of 300 x 300 pixels up to 2900 x 1600 pixels while having comparable detection results. The second part of this thesis is the implementation of a multi-GPU multi-class SVM classifier. The classifier had the same accuracy as an identical implementation using LIBSVM with a speedup ranging from 89x to 263x on the tested datasets. The final part of this thesis was the extension of a previous CUDA k-Nearest Neighbor implementation by exploiting additional levels of parallelism. These extensions provided a speedup of 1.24x and 2.35x over the previous CUDA implementation. As an end result of this work, a library of these three CUDA classifiers has been compiled for use by future researchers.
RFID-based localization and tracking technologies (2011)

Radio frequency identification usually incorporates a tag into an object for the purpose of identification or localization using radio signals. It has gained much attention recently due to its advantages in terms of low cost and ease of deployment. This article presents an overview of RFID-based localization and tracking technologies, including tag-based (e.g., LANDMARC), reader-based (e.g., reverse RFID), transceiver-free, and hybrid approaches. These technologies mainly use the readily available resource of radio signal strength information or RSS change information to localize the target objects. A number of well-known approaches and their limitations are introduced. This article also indicates the challenges and possible solutions in the near and long terms. The challenges include multipath propagation, interference, and localizing multiple objects, among others. Most of these challenges exist not only for RFID-based localization, but also for other RF-based localization technologies.
A Review on Resistive Switching in High-k Dielectrics: A Nanoscale Point of View Using Conductive Atomic Force Microscope (2014)

Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) structures have raised as the most promising configuration for next generation information storage, leading to great performance and fabrication-friendly Resistive Random Access Memories (RRAM). In these cells, the memory concept is no more based on the charge storage, but on tuning the electrical resistance of the insulating layer by applying electrical stresses to reach a high resistive state (HRS or "0") and a low resistive state (LRS or "1"), which makes the memory point. Some high-k dielectrics show this unusual property and in the last years high-k based RRAM have been extensively analyzed, especially at the device level. However, as resistance switching (in the most promising cells) is a local phenomenon that takes place in areas of ~100 nm², the use of characterization tools with high lateral spatial resolution is necessary. In this paper the status of resistive switching in high-k materials is reviewed from a nanoscale point of view by means of conductive atomic force microscope analyses.
Incorporation of Iron and Sulfur from NifB Cofactor into the Iron-Molybdenum Cofactor of Dinitrogenase (1995)

NifB-co is an iron- and sulfur-containing precursor to the iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co) of dinitrogenase. The synthesis of NifB-co requires at least the product of the nifB gene. Incorporation of 55Fe and 35S from NifB-co into FeMo-co was observed only when all components of the in vitro FeMo-co synthesis system were present. Incorporation of iron and sulfur from NifB-co into dinitrogenase was not observed in control experiments in which the apodinitrogenase (lacking FeMo-co) was initially activated with purified, unlabeled FeMo-co or in assays where NifB-co was oxygen-inactivated prior to addition to the synthesis system. These data clearly demonstrate that iron and sulfur from active NifB-co are specifically incorporated into FeMo-co of dinitrogenase and provide direct biochemical identification of an iron-sulfur precursor of FeMo-co. Under different in vitro FeMo-co synthesis conditions, iron and sulfur from NifB-co were associated with at least two other proteins (NIFNE and gamma) that are involved in the formation of active dinitrogenase. The results presented here suggest that multiple FeMo-co processing steps might occur on NIFNE and that FeMo-co synthesis is most likely completed prior to the association of FeMo-co with gamma.
Soft-bit decoding of regular low-density parity-check codes (2005)

A novel representation, using soft-bit messages, of the belief propagation (BP) decoding algorithm for low-density parity-check codes is derived as an alternative to the log-likelihood-ratio (LLR)-based BP and min-sum decoding algorithms. A simple approximation is also presented. Simulation results demonstrate the functionality of the soft-bit decoding algorithm. Floating-point soft-bit and LLR BP decoding show equivalent performance; the approximation incurs 0.5-dB loss, comparable to min-sum performance loss over BP. Fixed-point results show similar performance to LLR BP decoding; the approximation converges to floating-point results with one less bit of precision.