gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seamless horizontal and vertical mobility in VANET (2012)

In a near future, vehicles will be equipped with WAVE-compliant communication technology, enabling not only safety message exchange, but also infotainment and Internet access. However, without complete market penetration, other technologies must still be used, such as IEEE 802.11g/n to connect to public Wi-Fi hotspots in the city, or even 3G and 4G cellular networks. Due to the high mobility of nodes in Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs), the connectivity time between nodes becomes very short; therefore, it is essential to ensure the lowest handover time when moving between Road Side Units (RSUs) and other vehicles. In this paper, we implemented a multi-technology seamless handover mechanism for vehicular networks that integrates extended mobility protocols based on MIPv6 and PMIPv6, with a mobility manager that provides seamless communication between vehicles and the infrastructure, electing the best technology to maintain the vehicle connected without breaking any active sessions. To validate and evaluate the proposed handover approaches, a real-world vehicular testbed was setup, combining three technologies: IEEE 802.11p, IEEE 802.11g and 3G; handover metrics were obtained for all the combinations of these technologies. The results show that, if IEEE 802.11p is used in both vehicles and RSUs, the proposed approach is able to perform seamless handover with very low delay and no packet loss. The same conclusions apply for handovers between different technologies.
A Service Oriented HLA RTI on the Grid (2007)

Modeling and simulation permeate all areas of business, science and engineering. To promote the interoperability and reusability of simulation applications and link geographically dispersed simulation components, distributed simulation was introduced. While the high level architecture (HLA) is the IEEE standard for distributed simulation, a run time infrastructure (RTI) provides the actual implementation of the HLA. With increased size and complexity of simulation applications, large amounts of distributed computational and data resources are required. The Grid provides a flexible, secure and coordinated resource sharing environment which can facilitate distributed simulation execution. In this paper, we propose a service oriented HLA RTI (SOHR) framework which provides the functionalities of an RTI as Grid services and enables large scale distributed simulations to be conducted on a heterogeneous Grid environment. The various services in SOHR can be dynamically deployed, discovered and undeployed, leading to a scalable distributed simulation environment. While the communications between simulators are through Grid service invocations, the standard HLA interface is provided as a library to increase simulator reusability and interoperability. A subset of HLA specifications was implemented in a SOHR prototype based on GT4 and the experimental results have verified the feasibility of SOHR.
Focused-ion-beam milling, scanning-electron microscopy, and focused-droplet deposition in a single microcircuit surgery tool (1988)

Inspection by microtomography of active devices, tuning, and repair of III–V microstructures and microcircuits have been performed using the capabilities of combined scanning-electron microscope (SEM) and low-voltage (0.5–20 kV) focused-ion-beam (FIB), or focused-droplet beam (FDB) system. In this instrument, the ion or droplet beams are focused simultaneously on the same point of the sample as the electron beam. In situ (SEM) images of the region to be machined or coated are displayed before, during, and after erosion or metal deposition. Gallium and indium FIB probes of 10 to 20 kV were used to cut functional parts of devices such as heterojunction bipolar transistors or field-effect transistors. Strong chemical contrast in the SEM mode displays very distinctly the different levels of the structure. This constitutes a promising method for fast nondestructive on-line control testing of a given device. Cuts of electrical connections have been realized. Surface resistance effects induced by the ion impact have been observed. Accurate resistor adjustment has been realized by FIB milling and controlled by in situ monitoring of the resistance. Indium and gold droplet beams have been focused on GaAs substrates. Best emission and focusing conditions have been determined giving deposited domains smaller than the structures previously obtained. Conducting connections have been fabricated by scanning the FDB and monitored by in situ recording the resistance during the establishment of the conducting bridges.
Coulometric titrations using CaF/sub 2/ and BaF/sub 2/ solid electrolytes to study alloy phases (1979)

Several binary Ca and Ba alloy systems have been studied by emf measurements on cells. By applying different potentials across cell (I), the concentration of Ca was varied in the left-hand electrode. Results yield thermodynamic data and phase equilibria information. Results on single phase solids determine limits of stoichiometry and degree of disorder. Systems studied were Ca-Au(l), Ca-Pb(l), Ca-Sn(l), Ca-Bi(l or s), Ca-Sb(l or s) and Ca-Tl(l). Cells of type (I) were also operated with BaF/sub 2/ electrolytes and results presented for Ba-Pb(l), Ba-Sn(l), Ba-Sb(l or s) and Ba-Bi(l) alloys. Experimental details and limitations are discussed.
Secure information transmission for mobile radio (2000)

A new technique for secure information transmission in a mobile environment is described. This technique uses the short term reciprocity of the radio channel so that information is intelligible only to an intended receiver. The exchange of information does not require the availability of a common secure key between two users; however, the proposed technique can also be used for cryptographic key agreement between two users.
Nanocomposites and Polymers with Analytical Methods (2011)

This book contains 16 chapters. In the first part, there are 8 chapters describing new materials and analytic methods. These materials include chapters on gold nanoparticles and Sol-Gel metal oxides, nanocomposites with carbon nanotubes, methods of evaluation by depth sensing, and other methods. The second part contains 3 chapters featuring new materials with unique properties including optical non-linearities, new materials based on pulp fibers, and the properties of nano-filled polymers. The last part contains 5 chapters with applications of new materials for medical devices, anodes for lithium batteries, electroceramics, phase change materials and matrix active nanoparticles.
Optical heterodyne laser encoder with sub-nanometer resolution (2008)

This paper presents a novel laser encoder for sub-nanometer displacement measurement. It is based on optical heterodyne interferometry and two sets of conjugate optics with a symmetric and quasi-common-path optical configuration. It offers displacement measurements of high stability, high resolution. The theoretical analysis shows that our method can effectively compensate misalignments resulting from the dynamic runout in laser encoders. Experimental results reveal that the laser encoder can detect a displacement variation down to sub-nanometer range.
Effects of the aromatase inhibitor 7 alpha-(4'-amino)phenylthio-4-androstene-3,17-dione in MCF-7 human mammary carcinoma cell culture. (1987)

7 alpha-Substituted 4-androstene-3,17-diones are effective inhibitors of aromatase in vitro. The microsomal P-450 enzyme complex has a greater affinity for several of these inhibitors than for the substrate androstenedione, with 7 alpha-(4'-amino)phenylthio-4-androstene-3,17-dione (7 alpha-APTA) being the most potent competitive inhibitor of the series. The effects of 7 alpha-APTA were examined in MCF-7 human mammary carcinoma cell culture. 7 alpha-APTA inhibited aromatase activity in the MCF-7 human mammary carcinoma cell line with an ED50 value of 25.07 nM (+/- 7.71). The inhibitor did not bind to the estrogen receptor of the MCF-7 cells in vitro. In addition, 7 alpha-APTA did not stimulate growth of the MCF-7 cells when compared with controls. No induction of progesterone receptors was observed in MCF-7 cultures grown in the presence of inhibitor at concentrations ranging from 10 pM to 1 microM. Thus, the steroid 7 alpha-APTA is an effective inhibitor of aromatase in intact MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, it does not demonstrate any significant hormonal effects on the cells nor does this agent produce any general toxicological effects.
Gaseous and Liquid Injection into High-speed Crossflows (2005)

support requirements and volumetric energy density considerations. The engine cycle and fuel choice pose unique challenges related to the jet-in-crossflow problem, and the design of a successful scramjet combustor remains one of the most challenging problems in supersonic aerodynamics. Among the many formidable tasks facing scramjet designers are the injection of fuel without introducing unacceptably large losses, the efficient mixing of the fuel with the freestream (where efficiency must be measured in terms of both time or distance and energy loss), the stabilization of a combustion region, and the management of heat transfer to walls and injector surfaces. Gaseous injection studies have investigated the effects of discharge orifice shapes (circular vs. elliptic), injector configurations (normal vs. angled, cascade, aeroramp), and different injectants (air vs. helium). The injection of pure and aerated liquids into high-speed crossflows has been studied. Liquid injection studies have investigated the fundamental breakup processes of liquid column, spray penetration height, and the effects of injection angle, liquid aeration, and injection conditions on spray structures.
Conflicts in ethical problems of patient education: strategies for hypertension control explore contractual approach. (1976)

Experiences in the training of health education interviewers for an intervention strategy in a study which utilized health education strategies for control of hypertension afforded the opportunity for examining the relationship of research to practice and for addressing a recurring concern of health educators in practice, i.e., concern over the ethics of adopting a directing role with patients. This concern, which results in ambivalence in presentation and extreme postures of authoritativeness or passivity as educators, detracts from the potential of a health education intervention. While not evaluated comparatively with other strategies as to outcome, one method of addressing this problem, namely explication of the contractual approach in health education, was utilized informally and has implications for health education interventions. This approach utilizes the patient as a truly active partner and sharpens the use of the educational diagnosis. The outcome has potential positives for patients in personal growth and for educators in the sharpening of skills and in more effective use of their resources. These observations and the ensuing discussions come as an unplanned output of the study from which they derived. However, a variety of experiences in health education lend weight to the impression that the concerns addressed are not atypical of universal concerns among practitioners. Such conclusions suggest the timeliness of testing out the approach in an experimental fashion in an effort to document its use as technique as well as its effectiveness in ultimate outcome.
Long term presence of a single predominant tyrosinase‐specific T‐cell clone associated with disease control in a patient with metastatic melanoma (2009)

In an earlier study, we described a patient who developed an anti-tyrosinase T-cell response leading to long-term tumor control. Here we analyzed this response with regard to T-cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta family usage and clonality in order to further elucidate the nature of the T cell response in this patient. For identification of expanded specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) clones, tetramer enrichment of tyrosinase reactive T-cells was followed by comparative quantitative reverse transcribed PCR (qRT PCR) quantification of all TCR Vbeta-families and sequencing of family Vbeta4 elevated in the enriched fraction. The predominant specific clone was quantified by clonotypic qRT PCR in multiple samples from blood, bone marrow, and tumor tissue. FACS analyses with staining of TYR.A2 and TCR Vbeta4 were performed. Epitope specific enrichment revealed an isolated increase of Vbeta-family 4. FACS analysis showed a shift of specific CTLs to Vbeta-family 4 during tumor regression with a maximum of 80% of all TYR.A2 specific cells belonging to this family. Sequencing revealed a single predominant clone against polyclonal background coding for identical CDR3 loops. The predominant clone was highly expressed in bone marrow and tumor tissue, and was detectable in blood over a period of ten years. Considering the results of previous studies showing a specific effector phenotype in blood and a specific memory compartment in bone marrow of this patient, this data implicate the predominant clone featured all attributes of a sufficient CTL response including homing capacity and memory formation resulting in long term clonal persistence and tumor control.
Necrosis as a prognostic criterion in malignant supratentorial, astrocytic gliomas (1983)

Surgical specimens of malignant, supratentorial, astrocytic gliomas from 503 patients randomized on an RTOG-ECOG treatment protocol were examined by central pathologic review. The diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) was made only when one or more foci of coagulation necrosis involving astrocytic tumor cells were identified histologically. Malignant astrocytic neoplasms without necrosis were classified as astrocytoma with atypical or anaplastic features (AAF). The median survival stratifying for treatment for patients with GBM was eight months compared to 28 months for patients with AAF. In most cases the specimens were received with a Kernohan grade. On the basis of these grades, patients with astrocytoma Grade 3 had a median survival of ten months as compared to a median survival of nine months for those with astrocytoma Grade 4. Observations demonstrate that necrosis is a reliable, decisive prognostic factor associated with malignant, supratentorial, astrocytic gliomas. The Kernohan system is of limited value in assessing prognosis for this group of tumors.
The reality of virtual reality (2002)

This paper proposes to clarify the popular term "virtual reality" through a historical and systematic analysis of the terms involved. Its main philosophical claims are that virtuality is itself a bonafide mode of reality, and that "virtual reality" must be understood as "things, agents and events that exist in cyberspace". These proposals resolve the incoherences found in the ordinary uses of these terms. In support of our claims we: 1) trace the historical origins of the word "virtual"; 2) review some major definitions of "virtual reality"; 3) discuss the sensory and causal aspects of virtual reality; and 4) set out the ontological difference between virtuality, possibility and actuality. In particular, our analysis shows that "virtual reality", though based on recent information technology, does not refer to mere technological equipment or purely mental entities, or to some fake environment as opposed to the real world, but that it is an ontological mode of existence which leads to an expansion of our ordinary world.
Impact of Helicobacter pylori Biofilm Formation on Clarithromycin Susceptibility and Generation of Resistance Mutations (2013)

The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori forms biofilms in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of H. pylori biofilm formation in vitro on clarithromycin (CLR) susceptibility. CLR susceptibility of H. pylori intermediate (2-day) and mature (3-day) biofilms on glass coverslips was determined at concentrations from 0.03 to 0.5 µg/ml. H. pylori biofilm biomass was increased after treatment with CLR at minimum inhibitory concentration levels by up to 4-fold (2-day biofilm) and 16-fold (3-day biofilm). Minimum bactericidal concentrations of CLR against cells in a biofilm were higher (1.0 µg/ml) than that for planktonic cells (0.25 µg/ml). It was shown that the expression of efflux pump genes was significantly increased in biofilm cells. In addition, exposure of biofilms to CLR resulted in high level resistance generation compared to planktonic cells with increased resistance associated with the presence of a point mutation at either position 2142 or 2143 in the domain V loop of the 23S rRNA gene. These results demonstrate that H. pylori biofilm formation decreases the susceptibility to CLR and that H. pylori CLR resistance mutations are more frequently generated in biofilms than in planktonic cells.
Belief, awareness, and limited reasoning: preliminary report (1985)

Several new logics for belief and knowledge are introduced and studied, all of which have the property that agents are not logically omniscient. In particular, in these logics, the set of beliefs of an agent does not necessarily contain all valid formulas. Thus, these logics are more suitable than traditional logics for modelling beliefs of humans (or machines) with limited reasoning capabilities. Our first logic is essentially an extension of Levesque's logic of implicit and explicit belief, where we extend to allow multiple agents and higher-level belief (i.e., beliefs about beliefs). Our second logic deals explicitly with awareness, where, roughly speaking, it is necessary to be aware of a concept before one can have beliefs about it. Our third logic gives a model of local reasoning, where an agent is viewed as a society of minds, each with its own cluster of beliefs, which may contradict each other.
Dynamic Chemistry of Selenium: Se–N and Se–Se Dynamic Covalent Bonds in Polymeric Systems (2015)

The application of selenium in the responsive polymer system and the enzyme mimic system have been well studied. Our group initiated this line of research in 2009 by first extending selenium chemistry to dynamic chemistry. In this article, the discovery, progress, and application of selenium-related dynamic covalent bonds will be introduced. The dynamic property of Se-N bond and Se-Se bond were revealed and have been applied in the polymer system as enzyme mimic and self-healing materials, respectively. Further studies that need to be done and potential application of selenium-related dynamic chemistry will also be discussed.
HTML5 Developer's Cookbook (2011)

Using HTML5, web developers can create standards-based browser applications with extraordinary richness and power, incorporating everything from drag-and-drop to native audio and videoall without any third-party plug-ins. Simply put, every web developer needs to master HTML5and the sooner you do so, the greater advantage youll have. HTML5 Developers Cookbook provides all the expert advice and proven code you need to start building production-quality HTML5 applications right now. Authors Chuck Hudson and Tom Leadbetter present tested, modular recipes at beginner, intermediate, and advanced levels. Youll learn exactly how to deliver state-of-the-art user experiences by integrating HTML5s new and enhanced elements with CSS3, multimedia, and JavaScript APIs. Reflecting current standards, this book prioritizes HTML5 features with substantial browser support and identifies the level of browser support for each feature discussed. Coverage includes Understanding and using HTML5s new structural elements Using grouping, text-level, and redefined semantics Managing browser-handling in HTML5 Leveraging new CSS3 layout and style techniques Maximizing interactivity with HTML5 Web Forms Embedding audio and video with HTML5 Drawing with the canvas Controlling browser histories Integrating location awareness with the Geolocation API Implementing client side storage Working with local files Managing communication and threading Optimizing the HTML5 browser experience Integrating device data Turn to HTML5 Developers Cookbook for expert answers, real solutions, and the code required to implement them. Its all you need to jumpstart any HTML5 project and create rich, high-value web applications your users will love.
Triplex Formation with α-L-LNA (α-<scp>l</scp>-Ribo-Configured Locked Nucleic Acid) (2005)

Using UV melting and CD spectroscopy, we show that alpha-l-LNA-modified oligonucleotides possess the ability to form triplexes at pH 6.8 with significantly increased thermostability relative to DNA triplexes.
Fixed-point optimization utility for C and C++ based digital signal processing programs (1998)

Fixed-point optimization utility software is developed that can aid scaling and wordlength determination of digital signal processing algorithms written in C or C++. This utility consists of two programs: the range estimator and the fixed-point simulator. The former estimates the ranges of floating-point variables for purposes of automatic scaling, and the latter translates floating-point programs into fixed-point equivalents to evaluate the fixed-point performance by simulation. By exploiting the operator overloading characteristics of C++, the range estimation and the fixed-point simulation can be conducted by simply modifying the variable declaration of the original program. This utility is easily applicable to nearly all types of digital signal processing programs including nonlinear, time-varying, multirate, and multidimensional signal processing algorithms. In addition, this software can be used to compare the fixed-point characteristics of different implementation architectures. An optimization example for an 8/spl times/8 inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) architecture that conforms to the IEEE standard specifications is presented. The optimized results require 8% fewer gates when compared with the previous best implementation.
Hot-Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition of Organosilicon Thin Films from Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane and Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (2001)

A nonplasma technique, hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD), is an alternative method for producing organosilicon films of novel structure. Films are deposited onto room-temperature substrates from the precursors hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane at high rates (>1 μm/min). Filament temperature can be used to control film structure, and the limited reaction pathways available via thermal decomposition make it possible to elucidate the chemistry of the growth process. During film growth, there appears to be competition between reaction pathways for the incorporation of cyclic and linear siloxane structures. For both and films, infrared, Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies indicate the incorporation of ring structures consisting of three siloxane units. The concentration of these structures increases as filament temperature is raised and is especially pronounced for films deposited from In comparison, films grown from show a greater degree of incorporation of linear, unstrained structures over the range of filament temperatures studied. In contrast to plasma-deposited organosilicon films, cross-linking in HFCVD films occurs predominantly via silicon-silicon bonding and not from siloxane bonds with tertiary or quaternary silicon atoms. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
<b>Pediatric and Adolescent Lymphoma:</b>Comparison of Whole-Body STIR Half-Fourier RARE MR Imaging with an Enhanced PET/CT Reference for Initial Staging<sup /> (2010)

Whole-body STIR half-Fourier RARE MR imaging of pediatric and adolescent lymphoma can accurately depict nodal and extranodal disease and may provide an alternative nonionizing imaging method for anatomic disease assessment at initial staging.