gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimuli-Responsive SERS Nanoparticles: Conformational Control of Plasmonic Coupling and Surface Raman Enhancement (2009)

Stimuli-responsive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoparticles have been developed by using colloidal gold nanocrystals and a class of thiolated block copolymers consisting of a pH-responsive polymer segment, an amphiphilic polyethylene glycol segment, and a lipoic acid anchoring group. The results demonstrate that SERS signals can be switched on and off by molecular conformations in response to pH. An important finding is that neutralized polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) molecules are able to interact with amphiphilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains, leading to highly compact and intermingled copolymer structures on the surface of nanoparticles. This type of molecular conformation change provides a new strategy for controlling plasmonic coupling and electromagnetic Raman enhancement and raises the possibility of using SERS nanoparticle tags for biomolecular binding and enzymatic cleavage studies.
Protonated Isobutane. A Theoretical ab Initio Study of the Isobutonium Cations (1997)

The structure and energy of the isobutonium cations, protonated isobutane, were studied by ab initio methods. At MP2(full)/6-31G** level, besides the C-isobutonium cation (5), the 2-H-isobutonium cation (6), and the 1-H-isobutonium cation (7), two additional structures, representing the van der Waals complex between methane and isopropyl cation (8) and hydrogen plus tert-butyl cation (9), could also be characterized. The energy increases in the order 9 < 8 < 5 < 6 < 7, indicating the lower energy of the van der Waals complexes. The experimental proton affinity of isobutane is in good agreement with the calculated values for the van der Waals complexes 8 and 9, indicating the facility of rupture of the three center bond in 5 and 6. On the other hand, the relative order of stability of the isobutonium cations can explain the experimental gas phase protonation of isobutane by small electrophiles, such as H3+ and H3O+, as well as the H−D exchange in liquid superacid.
A Second-Generation MicroRNA-Based Assay for Diagnosing Tumor Tissue Origin (2012)

The abilities of the assay to identify 42 tumor types with high accuracy and to maintain the same performance in samples from patients clinically diagnosed with CUP promise improved utility in the diagnosis of cancers of unknown/uncertain primary origins.
Stability and Sensitivity of an EWMA Controller (1993)

The performance of a process control algorithm based on the EWMA statistic is analyzed. A simple condition relating the EWMA weight and the estimated process gain is shown to ensure that the control strategy is stable for a first-order multiple-input, single-output process that may be drifting or wandering. A similar condition is shown to guarantee stability for a second-order, single-input process. An expression is derived for the output mean squared deviation from target as a function of the algorithm parameters, how quickly the process drifts or wanders, and the amount of noise. The results are illustrated in the context of an epitaxial growth process.
Growth mechanism of carbon nanotube forests by chemical vapor deposition (2002)

Analysis of kinetics processes involved in carbon nanotube (NT) forest growth during chemical vapor deposition suggests that: (i) carbon species are unable to penetrate to the forest bottom whenever the mean free path in gas is much larger than the typical distance between NTs; instead they collide with NT surfaces, chemisorbing within the top few microns, diffuse along the surface, and feed the growth at nanotube tips, (ii) wherever a catalyst nanoparticle is present, at the substrate or on the nanotube tip, in the postnucleation stage its role in feeding NT growth by C dissolution and bulk diffusion is negligibly small in comparison with the surface diffusion of C species adsorbing on the lateral surface of nanotubes, and (iii) bulk diffusion of C through the catalyst nanoparticle, defining the characteristic times of C penetration to nanoparticle base and surface saturation with C, is shown to play a major role in selection of the initial mode of nanotube nucleation and growth.
Design considerations for the switched reluctance motor (2002)

Analytical design equations are developed to predict the performance and to guide the design of the switched reluctance motor (SRM). The use of these analytical equations to trade-off different SRM attributes is discussed. The various approximations and simplifications used in the development of the analytical design equations are justified using results obtained from a detailed computer model of the SRM and by using experimental results from a high power density SRM designed for an aircraft engine fuel pumping application. Comparisons of predicted and measured machine performance parameters for this 90 kW 25000 RPM machine, such as flux linkage curves, back EMF, electromechanical power converted, and inverter volt-ampere requirements are presented. It is also shown that there exists a fundamental maximum torque density that is attainable with the SRM and an estimate of this maximum torque density limit is given. The power factor for a SRM is defined and the machine parameters that determine its value are presented. This power factor is compared to the similarly defined power factor for an AC machine and found to be smaller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stress, Corticotropin‐releasing Factor, and Drug Addiction (1999)

The neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing factor (CRE) and related neuropeptides not only mediate hormonal responses to stressors but also have a neurotropic role in the central nervous system to mediate behavioral responses to stressors. CRF antagonists effectively block CRF responses and have effects opposite those of CRF in many stress-related situations. Recent advances suggest that in addition to CRF itself there is another CRF-related neuropeptide, urocortin, that may be involved in stress-related responses, particularly those involving appetite. At least two CRF receptors have been discovered to date, CRF-1 and CRF-2. CRF may be involved in various aspects of the addiction cycle associated with drugs of abuse. CRF appears to be activated during stress-induced reinstatement of drug taking as well as acute withdrawal from all major drugs of abuse. CRF is hypothesized to be part of an allostatic change leading to vulnerability to relapse during prolonged abstinence from drugs of abuse.
KALKAN BALIĞI (PSETTA MAXIMA) DERİSİNDE MUKUS HÜCRELERİNİN DAĞILIMI VE HİSTOKİMYASAL YAPISI (2011)

Bu calismada kalkan baligi ( Psetta maxima ) derisindeki bazi bolgelerde mukus salgilayan hucrelerin dagilimlari ve histokimyasal karakterlerinin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. Calismada bes adet eriskin kalkan baliginin ( Psetta maxima ) vucutlarinin hem dorsal hem de ventralinden olmak uzere basin gerisi, dorsal, ventral ve kaudal yuzgeclere komsu 8 bolgeden alinan deri ornekleri materyal olarak kullanildi. Mukus iceren hucrelerin histokimyasal yapilarinin belirlenmesi amaciyla kesitlere farkli histokimyasal boyama yontemleri uygulandi. Calisilan vucut kisimlarinda Alcian Blue (AB) pH 0.5 (+) ve Aldehid Fuksin (AF) (+) hucrelere rastlanmadi. Hem dorsal hem de ventraldeki tum bolgelerde AB pH 2.5 (+) ve Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) (+), ventralde dorsal yuzgece komsu bolge disinda diger bolgelerde AB pH 1.0 (+) hucreler saptandi. Uygulanan PAS/AB pH 2.5 yontemi sonucunda tum bolgelerdeki mukus hucrelerinde PAS reaksiyonunun daha yogun oldugu, ayrica PAS (+) ve AB pH 2.5 (+) glikokonjugatlarin birlikte bulundugu cok sayida hucre tespit edildi. Kalkan baligi ( Psetta maxima ) derisinde mukus salgilayan hucrelerin dagilim ve yogunluklari ile histokimyasal karakterlerinin hem vucudun dorsal ve ventral taraflari hem de calisilan vucut kisimlari arasinda farklilik gosterdigi belirlendi.
Frontal Rainfall Observation by a Commercial Microwave Communication Network (2008)

Abstract A novel approach for reconstruction of rainfall spatial–temporal dynamics from a wireless microwave network is presented. It employs a stochastic space–time model based on a rainfall advection model, assimilated using a Kalman filter. The technique aggregates the data in time and space along the direction of motion of the rainfall field, which is recovered from the simultaneous observation of a multitude of microwave links. The technique is applied on a standard microwave communication network used by a cellular communication system, comprising 23 microwave links, and it allows for observation of near-surface rainfall at the temporal resolutions of 1 min. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated by comparing instantaneous rainfall estimates with measurements from five rain gauges, reaching correlations of up to 0.85 at the 1-min time interval with a bias and RMSE of −0.2 and 4.2 mm h−1, respectively, and up to 0.96 with RMSE of 1.6 mm h−1 at the 10-min time interval for a 22-h intensive rainstorm with an average rain rate of 3.0 mm h−1 and a peak rain rate of 84 mm h−1. The results are compared with those of other spatial reconstruction techniques. The proposed dynamic rainfall reconstruction approach can be applied to larger-scale dynamic rainfall assimilation methods, enabling interpolation over data-void regions and straightforward incorporation of data from other sources, for example, rain gauge networks and radars.
Linearization: reducing distortion in power amplifiers (2001)

This article discusses techniques for the cancellation of distortion (linearization) in power amplifiers. Different methods of linearization are introduced and compared. The linearization of solid-state power amplifiers (SSPAs), traveling-wave tube amplifiers (TWTAs) and klystron power amplifiers (KPAs) are considered. Although the focus of this article is on power amplifiers, many of the techniques are applicable to other components such as mixers, low-noise amplifiers, and even photonic components, such as lasers and optical modulators.
Prevention of N‐Methylnitrosourea‐induced Colon Carcinogenesis in F344 Rats by Lycopene and Tomato Juice Rich in Lycopene (1998)

Epidemiological studies have suggested a protective effect of lycopene and lycopene-rich tomatoes against various cancers. Here, the inhibition of colon carcinogenesis by lycopene and tomato juice was investigated. Seven-week-old female F344/NSlc rats received an intrarectal dose of 2 mg (experiment I) or 4 mg (experiment II) of N-methylnitrosourea 3 times a week for 3 weeks, and had free access to one of 4 drinking fluids: plain water (control group), 17 ppm lycopene water solution (Ly group), and diluted tomato juice containing 17 ppm (Tj group) or 3.4 ppm (tj group) lycopene, throughout the experiments. The colon cancer incidence at week 35 was significantly lower in the Tj group, but not in the Ly group, than in the control group: 21% and 33% vs. 54%, in experiment I (24 rats in each group). It was significantly lower in the Tj group than in the tj and control groups, 40% vs. 72% and 84%, in experiment II (25 rats in each group). An appreciable amount of lycopene (0.02 microgram/g) was detected in the colon mucosa of rats in the Tj group, but not in the tj group. The results suggest that tomato juice rich in lycopene may have a protective effect against colon carcinogenesis.
CD152 (CTLA-4) Determines the Unequal Resistance of Th1 and Th2 Cells against Activation-induced Cell Death by a Mechanism Requiring PI3 Kinase Function (2004)

Survival of antigen-experienced T cells is essential for the generation of adaptive immune responses. Here, we show that the genetic and antibody-mediated inactivation of CD152 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4) in T helper (Th) effector cells reduced the frequency of nonapoptotic cells in a completely Fas/Fas ligand (FasL)-dependent manner. CD152 cross-linking together with stimulation of CD3 and CD28 on activated Th2 cells prevented activation-induced cell death (AICD) as a result of reduced Fas and FasL expression. Apoptosis protection conferred by CD152 correlated with the up-regulation of Bcl-2 and was mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, which prevented FasL expression through the inhibitory phosphorylation of Forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1. We show that signals induced by CD152 act directly on activated T lymphocytes and, due to its differential surface expression on activated Th1 and Th2 cells, induce resistance to AICD mainly in Th2 cells.
5G Vulnarabilities from Security Operation Center's Perspective (2021)

5G is not only a new generation of mobile communication generations, but it is a revolutionary technology that supports previous applications and enables new ones because of its great benefits such as high data rate, low latency, massive connectivity, and network reliability. However, the huge number of connected devices, the enablers technologies, reliance on virtualization and cloud services will lead to many new threats besides the old threats and attacks. Consequently, there is a serious need to find out these threats and check appropriate countermeasures, that ensure a robust and secure communication system. In this paper, we provide a brief review of 5G architecture and related security vulnerabilities that can be monitored and detected in a Security Operation Center.
Differential effect of zinc finger deletions on the binding of CTCF to the promoter of the amyloid precursor protein gene (2000)

High levels of transcription from the amyloid precursor protein promoter are dependent on the binding of CTCF to the APBbeta core recognition sequence located between positions -82 and -93 upstream from the transcriptional start site. CTCF comprises 727 amino acids and contains 11 zinc finger motifs arranged in tandem that are flanked by 267 amino acids on the N-terminal side and 150 amino acids on the C-terminal side. Deletion of either the N- or the C-terminal regions outside of the zinc finger domain had no detrimental effect on the binding of CTCF to APBbeta. However, internal deletions of zinc fingers 5-7 completely abolished binding. The binding of full-length CTCF generated a DNase I protected domain extending from position -78 to -116, which was interrupted by a hypersensitive site at position -99. Selective deletions from the N- and C-terminal sides of the zinc finger domain showed that the N-terminal end of the zinc finger domain was aligned toward the transcriptional start site. Furthermore, deletions of zinc fingers peripheral to the essential zinc fingers 5-7 decreased the stability of the binding complex by interrupting sequence-specific interactions.
Adjunctive minocycline treatment for major depressive disorder: A proof of concept trial (2017)

While the primary outcome was not significant, the improvements in other comprehensive clinical measures suggest that minocycline may be a useful adjunct to improve global experience, functioning and quality of life in people with major depressive disorder. Further studies are warranted to confirm the potential of this accessible agent to optimise treatment outcomes.
Facile regio- and stereo-specific allylic oxidation of gem-dimethyl olefins via addition of benzenesulphenyl chloride. Synthesis of allylic oxygenated terpenes (1984)

Novel and facile terminal trans-allylic and internal allylic oxidations of the gem-dimethyl olefin terminus of the terpenoids (1) are described which take place site-, regio-, and stereo-specificially via the same intermediate adduct between benzenesulphenyl chloride and (1). By this method, the allylic oxygenated terpenes (±)-nuciferal (11), (±)-ar-turmerone (12), (±)-ipsdienol (3c), neotorreyol (2e), (±)-6-hydroxydendrolasin (3e), and 6-oxodendrolasin (14) were synthesized.
Mineral Cations Affect Microstructure of Egg Yolk Granules (1992)

ABSTRACT Granule dialysis caused partial release of calcium and breakage of the granular structure. In the presence of sodium chloride, sodium replaced calcium bound to the proteins and destabilized the structure of granules. By contrast, iron binding was not modified by the presence of sodium. EDTA bound all the cations, broke the phosphocalcic bridges and destabilized the structure. On the other hand, the addition of bivalent or trivalent cations at low concentration strengthened the structure which resisted changes in pH or ionic strength. All data showed the importance of ionic bridges (especially phosphocalcic bridges) in the association of LDL, lipovitellin and phosvitin in the form of spherical structures.
The Role of Specialty Food Starches in Flavor Encapsulation (1997)

Sodium starch octenyl succinates are special food starches that are characterized by good filming properties and the ability to form very fine, stable emulsions, two key factors for very effective encapsulation of flavor oils by spray-drying. The results show the superior performance of these starch products over other encapsulating agents or carriers, such as powdered gum arabic and maltodextrins. Parameters used to evaluate these unique encapsulating agents include emulsion particle size and stability, level of orange oil that is actually retained in the spray-dried powders, exposed surface oil, stability of the flavor toward evaporation, oxidation resistance of the encapsulated powders and spray-drying rates.
Human Neural Progenitor Cell Engraftment Increases Neurogenesis and Microglial Recruitment in the Brain of Rats with Stroke (2012)

Our study demonstrates that few Dcx+ neuroblasts are proliferative in normal conditions, and that this population of proliferative neuroblasts is increased in response to stroke. We further show that CTX0E03 transplantation after stroke leads to the maintenance of this proliferative activity. Interestingly, the preservation of neuronal proliferative activity upon CTX0E03 transplantation is preceded and accompanied by a high rate of proliferating microglia. Our study suggests that microglia might mediate in part the effect of CTX0E03 transplantation on neuronal proliferation in ischemic stroke conditions.
Design criteria for stationary source catalytic combustion systems. Final report Jun 75-Aug 78 (1979)

The report gives results of an investigation of the applicability of catalytic combustion to stationary gas turbine, boiler, and furnace systems, identifying system operating characteristics and potential for NOx emissions reduction. An experimental program was conducted to develop catalyst materials and combustor concepts with useful heat extraction.
Internationalization with Visual Basic: The Authoritative Solution (2000)

From the Publisher:
Internationalization with Visual Basic is designed to get the Visual Basic developer into the realm of applications that can run in different locales and even process data from multiple locales. 
Internationalization with Visual Basic explains how to create a Visual Basic application that will support the international marketplace. The readers will learn the important differences between globalization, multinationalization, and localization and how each affects their application. The book explains these concepts in detail while teaching the reader how to build an international application in Visual Basic. Readers will learn the importance basic user interface issues as well as going beyond the default language setting to handle these global issues. Included at the end of the book is an extensive reference section that will include valuable resources and links, character references, language identifiers, and various currency, date, and calendar formats.

Specific topics covered will include:
Using calendars
Regional settings
Building localized applications
Handling localized resources with satellite DLLs
Handling external formats
Web interface issues
Extending ASP with components and services
Creating documentation and using HTML help
Synthesis of highly luminescent wurtzite CdSe/CdS giant-shell nanocrystals using a fast continuous injection route (2014)

We synthesized CdSe/CdS giant-shell nanocrystals, with a CdSe core diameter between 2.8 nm and 5.5 nm, and a CdS shell thickness of up to 7–8 nm (equivalent to about 20 monolayers of CdS). Both the core and shell have a wurtzite crystal structure, yielding epitaxial growth of the shell and nearly defect-free crystals. As a result, the photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiency (QE) is as high as 90%. Quantitative PL measurements at various excitation wavelengths allow us to separate the nonradiative decay into contributions from interface and surface trapping, giving us pathways for future optimization of the structure. In addition, the NCs do not blink, and the giant shell and concurring strong electron delocalization efficiently suppress Auger recombination, yielding a biexciton lifetime of about 15 ns. The corresponding biexciton PL QE equals 11% in 5.5/18.1 nm CdSe/CdS. Variable-temperature time-resolved PL and PL under magnetic fields further reveal that the emission at cryogenic temperature originates from a negative trion-state, in agreement with other CdSe/CdS giant-shell systems reported in the literature.
<title>XBI: a Java-based interface to FPGA hardware</title> (1998)

XBI(tm), the Xilinx Bitstream Interface is a set of Java (tm) classes which provide an Application Program Interface (API) into the Xilinx FPGA bitstream. This interface operates on either bitstreams generated by Xilinx design tools, or on bitstreams read back from actual hardware. This provides the capability of designing, modifying and dynamically modifying circuits in Xilinx XC4000 (tm) series FPGA devices. The programming model used by XBI is a 2D array of Configurable Logic Blocks (CLBs). Each CLB is referenced by a row and column, and all configurable resources in the selected CLB may be set or probed. Additionally, control of all routing resources adjacent to the selected CLB are made available. Because the code is written in Java, compilation times are very fast, and because control is at the CLB level, bitstreams can typically be modified or generated in times on the order of one second or less. This API has been used to construct complete circuits and to modify existing circuits. In addition, the object oriented support in the Java programming language has permitted a small library of parameterizable, object oriented macro circuits or Cores to be implemented. Finally, this API may be used as a base to construct other tools. This includes traditional design tools for performing tasks such as circuit placement and routing, as well as application specific tools to perform more narrowly defined tasks.
Effects of Organic Groups on Structure and Viscoelastic Properties of Organic−Inorganic Polysiloxane Hybrid System (2007)

The structure and viscoelastic properties of an organic-inorganic hybrid system composed of an organically modified polysiloxane network were examined, and the influence of organic groups on elastic-modulus variation by heat treatment was studied. The increase in the number of phenyl (Ph) groups per silicon decelerates the increase in elastic modulus; the substitution of the Ph group for a methyl (Me) group accelerates it. The system basically consists of R4-mSi[O-]m/2 units, where R is the organic group. The 29Si magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurements classified the structure related with the viscoelastic behavior into two factors: the number of bridging oxygens and the distribution of molecular weight. The elastic modulus was expressed by these structural factors through a simple empirical formula, irrespective of the type and number of the organic groups. The effects of the organic groups on the variation in elastic modulus by heat treatment were found to work mostly only through the molecular-weight change, and such effects can be controlled by the type or the number of organic groups.