gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gaining Further Insight into the Solvent Additive-Driven Crystallization of Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells by <i>in Situ</i> X-ray Scattering and Optical Reflectometry (2016)

The use of solvent additives has become a successful strategy to control the structural evolution upon film formation in bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. Nonetheless, a complete understanding of the additive’s role in the phase separation mechanisms and organization of donor and acceptor materials in BHJs is still lacking. In this work we gain further insight about the specific role that a widely used additive, 1,8-octanedithiol (ODT), has in the crystallization of both PCPDTBT and PC71BM, directly after wet film deposition using blade-coating. By in situ X-ray scattering and optical reflectometry, we correlate the additive-driven crystallization with the evolution of film composition from the earliest time of solvent evaporation. It is shown that ODT influences the evolution of both PCPDTBT and PC71BM. ODT leads to prolonged crystallization time during the ODT-drying dominated period corresponding to an overall solvent content (x) of 75 wt % > x > 15 wt % and delays the onset of PC71BM aggregation to x < 20 wt %, being pushed out of the crystalline polymer domains.
New architectural parameters derived from micro-MRI for the prediction of trabecular bone strength (1998)

This article reviews recent progress in magnetic resonance microimaging of cancellous bone in vitro and in vivo from the perspective of the authors' laboratory. It is shown that in particular in vivo the key technical prerequisites to satisfy are: (i) achieving sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to allow for adequate spatial resolution; (ii) the image processing algorithms have to be robust enough to provide accurate structural information in the limited spatial resolution regime, i.e., in the presence of inevitable partial volume blurring and noise. The practical lower limit of voxel size in vivo was found to be about 6 x 10(-3) mm3 in the radius, and about 10(-4) mm3 for small specimens in vitro with state-of-the-art equipment and scan times of 10 and 30 minutes, resp., and SNR approximately 10. Finally, data are presented highlighting the potential of these methods for predicting the bone's elastic modulus in vitro and fracture risk in vivo.
Unambiguous <i>One</i>-Molecule Conductance Measurements under Ambient Conditions (2011)

One of the challenging goals of molecular electronics is to wire exactly one molecule between two electrodes. This is generally nontrivial under ambient conditions. We describe a new and straightforward protocol for unambiguously isolating a single organic molecule on a metal surface and wiring it inside a nanojunction under ambient conditions. Our strategy employs C(60) terminal groups which act as molecular beacons allowing molecules to be visualized and individually targeted on a gold surface using an scanning tunneling microscope. After isolating one molecule, we then use the C(60) groups as alligator clips to wire it between the tip and surface. Once wired, we can monitor how the conductance of a purely one molecule junction evolves with time, stretch the molecule in the junction, observing characteristic current plateaus upon elongation, and also perform direct I-V spectroscopy. By characterizing and controlling the junction, we can draw stronger conclusions about the observed variation in molecular conductance than was previously possible.
Design of viscosity-matched optical fibers (1992)

An optical fiber with a homogeneously viscous cross section can be designed for an arbitrary index profile by utilizing two kinds of dopant which have different effects on host material viscosity. Examples of designs are shown for silica-based fibers when GeO/sub 2/ and F are used as the dopants.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vacuum-assisted Closure Therapy Attenuates the Inflammatory Response in a Porcine Acute Wound Healing Model. (2007)

Collectively, these responses suggest that V.A.C. Therapy may attenuate the pro-inflammatory response following cutaneous wounding.
Virtual studios: an overview (1998)

Virtual studio systems began as experimental prototypes that extended traditional chromakeying. Now commercial products based on graphics supercomputers are commonly used for broadcast production. We discuss this evolution and consider extensions, alternative approaches, and issues facing broadcasters who introduce virtual studio systems.
Visual closed-loop control for pouring liquids (2017)

Pouring a specific amount of liquid is a challenging task. In this paper we develop methods for robots to use visual feedback to perform closed-loop control for pouring liquids. We propose both a model-based and a model-free method utilizing deep learning for estimating the volume of liquid in a container. Our results show that the model-free method is better able to estimate the volume. We combine this with a simple PID controller to pour specific amounts of liquid, and show that the robot is able to achieve an average 38ml deviation from the target amount. To our knowledge, this is the first use of raw visual feedback to pour liquids in robotics.
Effect of Reaction Conditions on the Kinetics of Living Isobutylene Polymerization at High Initiator/TiCl<sub>4</sub> Ratios (2000)

The kinetics of isobutylene (IB) polymerization initiated by the 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl)/TiCl4 in methylcyclohexane (MeCHx)/methyl chloride (MeCl) or hexane (Hx)/MeCl 60/40 v/v at −80 °C were investigated in the range of [TMPCl]0/[TiCl4]0 > 1 using a real-time fiber-optic mid-IR monitoring technique. The rate of IB consumption was monitored by following the disappearance of the 1655 cm-1 IR band, characteristic of the C C stretching vibration. Both the area and the height of the 1655 cm-1 band were found to be directly proportional to IB concentration under the conditions investigated. From polymerization rate data the overall rate constant kp‘ = kpKeq was calculated, where kp is the rate constant of propagation and Keq = k1/k-1 is the equilibrium constant for the dormant/active equilibrium characteristic of living IB polymerization. The investigation revealed that kp‘ was very sensitive to solvent quality. kp‘ ≈ 0.5−1.7 L2 mol-2 s-1 was found using MeCHx, while kp‘≈ 1.7−3.4 L2 mol-2 s-1 was obtained using Hx from different providers and/or with and without further purification. GC analysis and real-time IR monitoring revealed the presence of carbonyl contaminants in the solvents, which were found to form a complex with TiCl4. Regardless of solvent quality, the reaction order in TiCl4 was found to be invariably 1 under the conditions investigated. Monomer concentration and temperature were found to have a profound effect on the polymerization; kp‘ increased exponentially with an increase of [IB]0 or a decrease in temperature. The apparent activation enthalpy of propagation was found to be ΔHa = −26.4 kJ/mol.
DFB-Laser mit integriert optischer Rückkopplung für die optische Signalverarbeitung (2005)

Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit stehen DFB-Laser mit integriert optischer Rückkopplung und Anwendungen dieser Komponente für die optische Signalverarbeitung. DFB-Laser mit integrierten Rückkoppelsektionen werden hergestellt und experimentell untersucht. Erstmalig erfolgen Untersuchungen an DFB-Lasern mit passiver Rückkopplung (PFL) und DFB-Lasern mit aktiver Rückkopplung (AFL), wobei das Hauptaugenmerk auf der zuverlässigen Erzeugung von Selbstpulsationen mit einer Frequenz von 40 GHz liegt. Stabile, in der Frequenz abstimmbare Selbstpulsationen (12 bis 45 GHz) werden nur in den entwickelten AFL nachgewiesen. Mit Hilfe eines numerischen Modells wird die Ursache für die hohe Stabilität der hochfrequenten Pulsationen analysiert. Die Synchronisationseigenschaften der 40 GHz auf ein externes, optisches Signal wird untersucht und mit Hilfe einer linearen Synchronisationstheorie beschrieben. Als ein Anwendungsbeispiel des entwickelten AFL wird die rein optische Taktrückgewinnung untersucht. Die rein optischen Ansteuerung eines 160 Gb/s auf 40 Gb/s Demultiplexers zeigt die Systemtauglichkeit der rein optischen Taktrückgewinnung mit dem AFL.
Machine reading of handwritten text information in field technician's maps (2002)

In this paper, we describe an approach for automatic reading of text information from field technician's maps as used in the telecom industry. Given three anchor points as specified by a human operator, the technique isolates the object (cable, or street etc.), identifies all text blocks associated with that object, and converts all information in these text blocks into field data more amenable to future computer manipulation and easy access. The overall algorithm is composed of four main sub-algorithms-contour formation to encompass the object of interest, identification and decomposition of text blocks, identification of individual text blocks by means of HMM based handwriting recognition technique, and finally post-processing of word recognition results by means of field specific knowledge. The success of the algorithm is demonstrated by means of suitable experiments.
Comparison of methods for determining myrosinase activity (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparison of methods for determining myrosinase activitySandro Palmieri, Renato Iori, and Onofrio LeoniCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1987, 35, 4, 617–621Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00076a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00076a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views405Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Desymmetrization‐like Catalytic Enantioselective Fluorination of Malonates and Its Application to Pharmaceutically Attractive Molecules (2007)

At the leading edge: Chiral fluoromalonates can be prepared with very high stereocontrol by enantioselective fluorination of racemic malonates and using a Zn(OAc)2/DBFOXPh catalyst (see scheme), thus providing an efficient alternative route to conventional microbial desymmetrization for the preparation of fluorinated chiral building blocks. Several pharmaceutically attractive compounds were prepared by using this method. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z704093_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Electrical properties of the fast-ion conductor lanthanum fluoride (1982)

Audio-frequency complex-impedance measurements have been performed on pure and alkaline-earth-doped lanthanum trifluoride at zero pressure over the temperature range 5.5-310K and at pressures up to 0.3 GPa in the vicinity of room temperature. Studies have been made both parallel and perpendicular to the optical axis. The real part of the dielectric constant is found to be given by epsilon '/sub /// approximately=12.6 and epsilon 'perpendicular to approximately=14.4 and both components increase slightly with temperature. Also, for the calcium-doped material, four relaxations have been observed. The activation enthalpy for the principal relaxation is close to that for the motion of free vacancies and thus is attributable to the reorientation of a bound vacancy. In addition, the anisotropy ratio for the relaxation is found to be Aperpendicular to /A/sub /// approximately=1.8, which is opposite to the anisotropy observed for DC conductivity. An explanation of the anisotropy ratio is discussed. Finally, the pressure-dependent conductivity has been measured in the association region, yielding an activation volume of about 2.4 cm3 mol-1. The thermal expansion coefficient of the activation volume is found to be negative. The value of 2.4 cm3 mol-1 is interpreted to be the activation volume for the motion of vacancies.
Ammonia Production at Anabaena variabilis Modified Electrodes (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Fracture et dépendance: l'enfer des réseaux? (2011)

Résumé À partir de deux pathologies sociétales actuellement dénoncées, la dépendance automobile et la fracture numérique, cet article interroge le modèle standard de déploiement des réseaux caractérisé par la fameuse « courbe en S ». Il s’avère que ce modèle recèle des processus conduisant nécessairement à des fractures ou à des dépendances. Du point de vue des politiques, la question est critique. Réduire la fracture revient à s’engager dans la dépendance. Prévenir ou réduire la dépendance mène à accepter la fracture. Comment sortir du dilemme sans remettre en cause le principe même du réseau dans sa visée de desserte territoriale? L’action publique doit désormais faire face à un « enfer des réseaux ». Pour y échapper, des issues se dessinent qui reviennent à accepter soit la fracture, soit la dépendance, ou à renoncer aux réseaux, à moins que l’action publique ne puisse s’étendre, au-delà du réseau, au système qui l’englobe.
The inherent complexity of dynamic data structures which accommodate range queries (1980)

A formal framework is presented in which to explore the complexity issues of data structures which accommodate various types of range queries. Within this framework, a systematic and reasonably tractable method for assessing inherent complexity is developed. Included among the interesting results are the following: the fact that non-linear lower bounds are readily accessible, and the existence of a complexity gap between linear time and n log n time.
Pattern Decomposition with Complex Combinatorial Constraints: Application to Materials Discovery (2014)

Identifying important components or factors in large amounts of noisy data is a key problem in machine learning and data mining. Motivated by a pattern decomposition problem in materials discovery, aimed at discovering new materials for renewable energy, e.g. for fuel and solar cells, we introduce CombiFD, a framework for factor based pattern decomposition that allows the incorporation of a-priori knowledge as constraints, including complex combinatorial constraints. In addition, we propose a new pattern decomposition algorithm, called AMIQO, based on solving a sequence of (mixed-integer) quadratic programs. Our approach considerably outperforms the state of the art on the materials discovery problem, scaling to larger datasets and recovering more precise and physically meaningful decompositions. We also show the effectiveness of our approach for enforcing background knowledge on other application domains.
Ou en nuwe hervormers (2003)

Toe Kleopas met sy metgesel op die aand van die opstandingsdag by die dissipels kom, roep hulle triomfantelik uit: Here het opgestaan (Luk. 24:34). Maar het die opstanding van Christus werklik daardie dag plaasgevind? Eeue lank is dit nooit bevraagteken nie. Maar in die laaste drie eeue is agter die regtig van die Emmausgangers 'n vraagteken geplaas. Die groot vraag is: Was daar werklik 'n lee graf en het Iemand wat al dood was, daaruit opgestaan?
Shaping flui-fluid interfaces: thin-film flows over rough surfaces (2009)

International audience
Impact of titanium addition on film characteristics of HfO2 gate dielectrics deposited by atomic layer deposition (2005)

The impact of 8-to45-at.% Ti on physical and electrical characteristics of atomic-layer-deposited and annealed hafnium dioxide was studied using vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopic ellipsometry, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray reflectometry. The role of Ti addition on the electrical performance is investigated using molybdenum (Mo)-gated capacitors. The film density decreases with increasing Ti addition. Ti addition stabilizes the amorphous phase of HfO2, resulting in amorphous films as deposited. After a high-temperature annealing, the films transition from an amorphous to a polycrystalline phase. Orthorhombic Hf–Ti–O peaks are detected in polycrystalline films containing 33-at.% or higher Ti content. As Ti content is decreased, monoclinic HfO2 becomes the predominant microstructure. No TiSi is formed at the dielectric/Si interface, indicating films with good thermal stability. The band gap of Hf–Ti–O was found to be lower than that of HfO2. Well-behaved capacitance-voltage and leakage current density-voltage characteristics were obtained for Hf–Ti–O. However, an increased leakage current density was observed with Ti addition. The data from capacitance-voltage stressing indicate a smaller flatband voltage (Vfb) shift in the HfO2 films with low Ti content when compared with the HfO2 films. This indicates less charge trapping with a small amount of Ti addition.
169 kelvin cryogenic microcooler employing a condenser, evaporator, flow restriction and counterflow heat exchangers (2002)

This paper presents the first cryogenic micromachined cooler that is suitable to cool from ambient temperature to 169 kelvin and below. The cooler operates with the vapor compression cycle. It consists of a silicon micromachined condenser, a flow restriction/evaporator and two miniature glass-tube counterflow heat exchangers, which are integrated with the silicon components using a novel gluing technique. The system was tested with ethylene gas from 20 to 1 bar, and produces a cooling power of 200 mW at 169 K with a mass flow of 0.5 mg/s.
Microwave Scanning Microscopy for Planar Structure Diagnostics (1987)

Microwave scanning microscopy is being developed to detect lateral conductivity variations in semiconductor wafers and to profile dielectric and conducting quasi-planar surfaces. We have utilized three different critically-coupled one-port cavities, with thin-diameter conducting coupling elements providing enhanced lateral sensitivity in microstrip and rectangular waveguide cavities and a circular aperture coupling element in a cylindrical waveguide cavity providing enhanced depth resolution capability. Lateral resolutions on the order of a few roils (0.002 wavelengths) and depth resolutions of a few microns (0.0001 wavelengths) have been achieved with conventional, low-power x-band instrumentation. Lateral resolution measurements of evaporated aluminum/silicon gratings with sheet conductance contrast of 300, ion-implanted n+/n silicon conductivity gratings with sheet conductance contrast of 2 and dielectrically isolated, single-crystal-tub silicon wafers are described. More limited depth profile measurements are presented to illustrate depth resolution capability.
Naringin abrogates osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via the inhibition of RANKL-induced NF-κB and ERK activation (2011)

Osteolytic bone diseases including osteoporosis are commonly accompanied with enhanced osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Naringin, a natural occurring flavonoid has been found to protect against retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis and improve bone quality in rats. Here, we showed that naringin perturbs osteoclast formation and bone resorption by inhibiting RANK-mediated NF-κB and ERK signaling. Naringin suppressed gene expression of key osteoclast marker genes. Naringin was found to inhibit RANKL-induced activation of NF-κB by suppressing RANKL-mediated IκB-α degradation. In addition, naringin inhibited RANKL-induced phosphorylation of ERK. This study identifies naringin as an inhibitor for osteoclast formation and bone resorption, and provides evidence that natural compounds such as naringin might be beneficial as an alternative medicine for the prevention and treatment of osteolysis.
Nanocrystalline silicon quantum dots thin films prepared by magnetron reaction sputtering (2009)

Silicon is a kind of excellent semiconductor material and is one of the core material of microelectronics. But it is not a fine luminescent material. The photoluminescence(PL) will be obtained by excitation only when the size of silicon partials reduced to a certain value. Nanocrystalline silicon films have special structure and many excellent optoelectronic properties and are supposed to be applied in optoelectronic devices and large scale integrated circuits. In this paper, Nanocrystalline silicon films was deposited on silicon substrate by RF magnetron sputtering with pure Si target. And the working gas is the mixture of oxygen and argon .The content of O<sub>2</sub> in working gas (O<sub>2</sub>/ O<sub>2</sub> + Ar) and the power of sputtering were changed separately .However, the substrate temperature, working gas pressure and other conditions were definite. After annealing in the stove, we got the Nanocrystalline silicon particles in the thin films. Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) transmittance measurement was carried out to characterized Nanocrystalline silicon films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement was also performed to estimate the atom ratio of the Nanocrystalline silicon films. Raman scattering measurements was also taken in to characterize the Nanocrystalline silicon films. The formation of Nanocrystalline silicon filmswere depended partly on the parameters of experiment. The annealed silicon films were researched that the size of the Nanocrystalline silicon particles proved to be largely impacted by the annealing temperature in the thin film
Comparison of Severity of Exposure in ASTM E 119 and ISO 834 Fire Resistance Tests (1987)

Abstract Using specimens similar to those described in the draft revision of ASTM E 119, tests were conducted in floor and wall fire test furnaces. The tests were designed to compare the practical consequences of following the ASTM E 119 and ISO 834 specifications for measuring and controlling the nominal furnace temperature. It has been found that in fire tests of shorter duration, perhaps up to 1.5 h, the ASTM test is slightly more severe than the ISO test. In longer tests the difference in severities is negligible. Some observations concerning the non-uniformity of heat absorption by the test specimen point to the importance of proper furnace design in the satisfactory performance of test furnaces.