gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of interstitial cell differentiation in <i>Hydra attenuata</i>: I. homeostatic control of interstitial cell population size (1976)

Mechanisms regulating the population size of the multipotent interstitial cell (i-cell) in Hydra attenuata were investigated. Treatment of animals with 3 cycles of a regime of 24 h in 10-2 M hydroxyurea (HU) alternated with 12 h in culture medium selectively killed 95-99% of the i-cells, but had little effect on the epithelial cells. The i-cell population recovered to the normal i-cell:epithelial cell ratio of I:I within 35 days. Continuous labelling experiments with [3H]thymidine indicate that the recovery of the i-cell population is not due to a change in the length of the cell cycle of either the epithelial cells or the interstitial cells. In control animals 60% of the i-cell population undergo division daily while 40% undergo differentiation. Quantification of the cell types of HU-treated animals indicates that a greater fraction of the i-cells were dividing and fewer differentiating into nematocytes during the first 2 weeks of the recovery after HU treatment. Therefore, the mechanism for recovery involves a shift of the 60:40 division:differentiation ratio of i-cells towards a higher fraction in division until the normal population size of the i-cells is regained. This homeostatic mechanism represents one of the influences affecting i-cell differentiation.
Ionic Liquid Structure Dependent Electrical Double Layer at the Mercury Interface (2008)

Structures of the electrical double layer at Hg|room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) interfaces were studied by measuring the differential capacitance and electrocapillary curves as a function of potential. Maxima of the electrocapillary curves measured at the Hg|1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (HMIBF4) and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (OMIBF4) interfaces demonstrate an unusual broadness on the anodic side of the potential of zero charge (PZC), which is significantly different from those obtained at Hg in RTILs containing shorter alkyl chains or in conventional molecular solvents containing electrolytes. This broadness of the electrocapillary curve was found to depend on the crystal structure and spatial heterogeneity of the RTILs containing larger alkyl groups, which impede the charged moieties from being in contact with the electrode surface within a certain potential range. Cleaving of the liquid crystal structure by the dilution of OMIBF4 with dimethyl sulfoxide, which is reflected on the electrocapillary and surface charge density versus potential curves, supports the above reasoning. This is the first report on the dependence of the interfacial structure at the Hg electrode on the structure of the RTIL itself. A schematic model of the structure of the electrical double layer is also given.
Better real-time response for time-share scheduling (2004)

As computing systems of all types grow in power and complexity, it is common to want to simultaneously execute processes with different timeliness constraints. Many systems use CPU schedulers derived from time-share algorithms; because they are based on best-effort policies, these general-purpose systems provide little support for real-time constraints. This paper describes BeRate, a scheduler that integrates best-effort and soft real-time processing using a best-effort programming model in which soft real-time application parameters are inferred from runtime behavior. We show that with no a prior! information about applications, BeRate outperforms Linux when scheduling workloads containing soft real-time applications.
Prolactin as a local growth promoter in patients with locally advanced tongue cancer: GCRI experience (2000)

Background The purpose of this study was to assess the role of prolactin (PRL) in men with locally advanced tongue cancer. Methods Circulating PRL was assayed immunoradiometrically in pretherapeutic and sequential blood samples of 99 patients with locally advanced tongue cancer. Patients were followed for 3 years or until their death within a stipulated time. Immunohistochemical localization of PRL was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Tumoral prolactin receptors (PRLR) were estimated by ligand binding assay; the expression of PRL mRNA and PRLR mRNA were carried out by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, PRL amplimer was sequenced and compared with human pituitary PRL amplimer. Results Pretherapeutic PRL levels were significantly higher in patients with locally advanced tongue cancer compared with controls (p = .01). Thirty-four percent (34 of 99) of the patients had hyperprolactinemia (PRL ≥15.0 ng/mL). Univariate survival analysis showed that patients with pretherapeutic hyperprolactinemia had a significantly shorter overall survival than patients with pretherapeutic PRL <15.0 ng/mL serum (p = .0009). In multivariate analysis, PRL emerged as the most significant independent prognostic factor influencing overall survival. Furthermore, changes in serial PRL levels showed excellent correlation with response to therapy and progression of disease. Forty-four percent (24 of 54) of the tumors showed positive immunoreactivity with PRL antibody, indicating that PRL or a molecule similar to it is produced by tongue tumors. PRL mRNA expression was seen in 85% (43 of 50) of the tumors and confirmed the de novo synthesis of PRL. Sequence analysis of the 234 bp PRL amplimer revealed that the sequence was homologous to exon 5 of pituitary PRL mRNA. The action of PRL is mediated by PRLR, and it was observed that the PRLR positivity by ligand binding assay was 33%. The expression of PRLR mRNA by RT-PCR showed two forms of PRLR mRNA (ie, intermediate form [500–600 bp] seen in 82% (41 of 50 ) of the tumors and the long form [800–900 bp] seen in 36% (18 of 50) of the tumors. In 82% (41 of 50) of the tumors, either the intermediate or long form was seen. Conclusions This multifaceted study of PRL suggests that tongue cancer cells produce PRL, and this ectopically produced PRL might be acting as a major local growth promoter by means of autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Looking at its prognostic value and correlation with disease activity, it may provide new insights into treatment of tongue cancer. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 22: 257–264, 2000.
Rate‐Related and Autonomic Effects on Atrioventricular Conduction Assessed Through Beat‐to‐Beat PR Interval and Cycle Length Variability (1994)

A noninvasive evaluation of the surface ECG can be used to compare variability in AV conduction time and cycle length and characterize the effects of autonomic efferent activity and rate-related recovery on AV nodal function.
Seed-borne fungi identified from exotic pepper (Capsicum spp.) germplasm samples introduced during 1976-2005. (2007)

espanolEl proceso de cuarentena de 6398 muestras de plasma germinal de pimienta (Capsicum spp.) introducidas entre 1976 y 2005 dio como resultado la identificacion de 16 hongos patogenos. Entre los hongos identificados de alto significado economico y listados como transportados por semillas de Capsicum spp. se incluyen Cercospora capsici, Colletotrichum capsici, C. gloeosporioides (tel. Glomerella cingulata), C. acutatum, Phomopsis capsici (tel. Diaporthe phaseolorum), Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina y Verticillium albo-atrum, asi como otros patogenos fungicos respecto de los cuales Capsicum no es un cultivo huesped, como Alternaria zinniae, Diplodia sp., Drechslera halodes, D. longirostrata, D. maydis, D. rostrata, D. sorghicola y D. sorokiniana. Algunos de los hongos identificados tienen una muy amplia serie de huespedes. Se mencionan los paises de origen del plasma germinal y los hongos identificados, y se debate acerca de la significacion economica de las especies importantes. EnglishQuarantine processing of 6398 pepper (Capsicum spp.) germplasm samples introduced during 1976--2005 resulted in the identification of 16 pathogenic fungi. Among the identified fungi, those of high economic significance and listed as seed-bome in Capsicum spp. induded: Cercospora capsici, Colletotrichum capsici, C. gloeosporioides (tel. Glomerella cingulata), C. acutatum, Phomopsis capsici (tel. Diaporthe phaseolorum), Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina and Verticillium albo-atrum, as well as other fungal pathogens for which Capsicum is a non-host crop, such as Alternaria zinniae, Diplodia sp., Drechslera halodes, D. longirostrata, D. maydis, D. rostrata, D. sorghicola and D. sorokiniana. Sorne of the identified fungi have a very wide host range. Countries of origin of the germplasm and fungi identified are presented, and economic significance of the important species are discussed. Key words: Capsicum, germplasm, India, quarantine francaisParmi 6 398 echantillons de materiel genetique de poivre (Capsicum spp.) soumis a une procedure de mise en quarantaine durant la periode 1976--2005, 16 champignons pathogenes ont ete identifies dont certains ont une grande importance economique et sont classes parmi les moisissures vehiculees par les semences chez Capsicum spp. : Cercospora capsici, Colletotrichum capsici, C. gloeosporioides (tel. Glomerella cingulata), C. acutatum, Phomopsis capsici (tel. Diaporthe phaseolorum), Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina et Verticillium albo-atrum, ainsi que d' autres pathogenes fongiques pour lesquels Capsicum n'est pas une plante hote tels que Alternaria zinniae, Diplodia sp., Drechslera halodes, D. longirostrata, D. maydis, D. rostrata, D. sorghicola et D. sorokiniana. Certains des champignons identifies ont un spectre d'hotes tres large. Les pays d' origine du materiel genetique et les champignons identifies sont presentes et l'impact economique des especes importantes est discute.
<title>Color hard copy: a self-tuning color correction algorithm based on a colorimetric model</title> (1991)

The paper presents a method for automatic adaptation of the color spaces of a scanner and a printer. A colorimetry-based color processing model is set up. Parameters for color correction are determined from the scan values of a color test chart printed with the output device by an optimization process. Finally, advantages of using CIE colorimetry in the reproduction process are discussed.
A robust and efficient approach for the time optimization of path constrained motions of robotic manipulators incorporating actuator torque and jerk constraints (2003)

A method is proposed for minimizing the time of motion along a predefined geometrical movement in configuration space, with all joints as parametrized functions of one common scalar lambda . The principles of time minimization are described and used as the basis of an approach in which the trajectory is built from elementary sets of predefined time-dependent functions. A priori knowledge about the robot's dynamical behavior is used to keep the necessary torque and jerk values of all actuators within predefined limits. Apart from the suitability of the representation for storage and reproduction of position, velocity, and acceleration of all joints, extra robustness and a reduced calculation load are achieved by using this explicit formulation together with a specially tuned two-stage optimization algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The CONSORT Statement: Revised Recommendations for Improving the Quality of Reports of Parallel-Group Randomized Trials (2001)

To comprehend the results of a randomized, controlled trial (RCT), readers must understand its design, conduct, analysis, and interpretation. That goal can be achieved only through complete transparency from authors. Despite several decades of educational efforts, the reporting of RCTs needs improvement. Investigators and editors developed the original CONSORT (Con solidated S tandards o f R eporting T rials) statement to help authors improve reporting by using a checklist and flow diagram. The revised CONSORT statement presented in this paper incorporates new evidence and addresses some criticisms of the original statement. The checklist items pertain to the content of the Title, Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. The revised checklist includes 22 items selected because empirical evidence indicates that not reporting the information is associated with biased estimates of treatment effect or because the information is essential to judge the reliability or relevance of the findings. We intended the flow diagram to depict the passage of participants through an RCT. The revised flow diagram depicts information from four stages of a trial (enrollment, intervention allocation, follow-up, and analysis). The diagram explicitly includes the number of participants, for each intervention group, that are included in the primary data analysis. Inclusion of these numbers allows the reader to judge whether the authors have performed an intention-to-treat analysis. In sum, the CONSORT statement is intended to improve the reporting of an RCT, enabling readers to understand a trial's conduct and to assess the validity of its results.
Radiation Therapy in AIDS-Related Cutaneous Kaposi’s Sarcoma (1997)

Radiotherapy can be recommended as palliative treatment to relieve physical discomfort (pain) and to improve the cosmetic results in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Doses ranging from 8 Gy/1 fraction to 30 Gy/10 fractions, tailored to the individual patient's need, permit to achieve an excellent local control with minimal toxicity.
Development of a polylactic acid (PLA) polymer with an acid-sensitive N-ethoxybenzylimidazole (NEBI) crosslinker as a drug delivery system (2012)

This thesis describes the development of an alkyne- functionalized poly-lactic acid (PLA) polymer with an acid -sensitive N-ethoxybenzylimidazole (NEBI) linker conjugated to doxorubicin as a drug delivery system (DDS). It also entails the specific qualities of the drug delivery system as a chemotherapeutic regiment. Chapter 1 introduces why drug delivery systems are needed and their desirable properties. In particularly, chapter 1 discusses the roles of [polymeric] carriers and linkers in drug delivery. It also covers some of the drug-delivery strategies specific to chemotherapy. Chapter 2 presents the synthetic route and methodology to produce functionalized PLA, specifically with terminal alkyne moieties. It also covers different strategies to synthesize lactide derivatives with different functional groups. Chapter 3 introduces the synthetic scheme to producing bi-functional N-ethoxybenzylimidazole (NEBI) derivatives. These novel linkers previously displayed accelerated rates of hydrolysis at lower pH. NEBI derivatives also serve as acid-sensitive linkers in the synthesis of my drug delivery system. Chapter 4 discusses the characteristics of my drug delivery system including incorporation percentages, payload, hydrolysis rate and cytotoxicity. The future directions of this project are also elaborated on in that chapter
Application of Adaptive Image Processing Technique to Real-Time Spatial Compound Ultrasound Imaging Improves Image Quality (2003)

Adaptive processing provided better image quality without loss of clinically useful information.
Mortality prediction in diabetic patients with myocardial infarction: experiences from the DIGAMI study (1997)

It seems that good metabolic control and not conventional risk factors is of major importance for diabetic patients sustaining acute myocardial infarction. Also treatment with beta-blockade seems to be of special importance in this category of patients.
Ultralow charge-transfer resistance with ultralow Pt loading for hydrogen evolution and oxidation using Ru@Pt core-shell nanocatalysts (2015)

We evaluated the activities of well-defined Ru@Pt core-shell nanocatalysts for hydrogen evolution and oxidation reactions (HER-HOR) using hanging strips of gas diffusion electrode (GDE) in solution cells. With gas transport limitation alleviated by micro-porous channels in the GDEs, the charge transfer resistances (CTRs) at the hydrogen reversible potential were conveniently determined from linear fit of ohmic-loss-corrected polarization curves. In 1 M HClO4 at 23 °C, a CTR as low as 0.04 Ω cm(-2) was obtained with only 20 μg cm(-2) Pt and 11 μg cm(-2) Ru using the carbon-supported Ru@Pt with 1:1 Ru:Pt atomic ratio. Derived from temperature-dependent CTRs, the activation barrier of the Ru@Pt catalyst for the HER-HOR in acids is 0.2 eV or 19 kJ mol(-1). Using the Ru@Pt catalyst with total metal loadings <50 μg cm(-2) for the HER in proton-exchange-membrane water electrolyzers, we recorded uncompromised activity and durability compared to the baseline established with 3 mg cm(-2) Pt black.
Preparation and properties of carbon nanotubes (2003)

Carbon nanotubes exhibit extraordinary mechanical and electronic properties. In this report, synthesis of carbon nanotubes (multiwalled and single-wall) by an electric arc discharge is first mentioned, and then their unique structures and properties are briefly reviewed. Field emission of electrons from nanotube tips, which are now attracting considerable attentions as a promising application of carbon nanotubes, is also demonstrated.
Identification of two mutually exclusive groups after long-term monitoring of HIV DNA 2-LTR circle copy number in patients on HAART (2003)

The circle assay is useful for identifying those patients in whom transmission of infectious virus continues despite prolonged periods of time during which plasma HIV RNA is undetectable. New drug combinations and new therapeutic approaches should be aimed at those patients whose plasma HIV RNA is undetectable but who remain positive for 2-LTR circles.
Online‐Analysis on Acoustically Levitated Droplets (2007)

Abstract Summary: Aqueous solutions of acrylic acid were levitated in a 40 kHz acoustic levitator. The monomer amount in the levitated droplets was monitored by Raman spectroscopy relating to an internal standard. Thus evaporation of the monomer as well as polymerization reactions initiated by a redox system were investigated by Raman spectroscopy and resultant data were compared to HPLC data. Decreases in monomer amount due to evaporation can be clearly distinguished from polymerization reactions. Additionally, temperature measurement within the droplet throughout a polymerization reaction shows the typical temperature course originating from the heat of polymerization.
Mobile Internet telephony: mobility extension to H.323 (2001)

This paper studies mobility extensions to ITU-T Rec. H.323 for the support of mobile Internet telephony. Internet telephony, also known as voice-over Internet protocol (IP) (VoIP), requires the transmission of two-way and real-time traffic over IP-based networks. The current version of H.323 allows IP telephony and the interoperability of the Internet with switched circuit networks (SCN). However, VoIP mobility has not been previously widely considered, where VoIP mobility refers to the mobility within the scope of IP telephony. We focus on terminal mobility for VoIP. We investigate the influence of mobility on the H.323 layer and propose an H.323 mobility solution to be implemented over the IP layer. Two approaches to mobility extensions to H.323 are described: using ad hoc multipoint conference expansion and using IP multicasting to emulate mobility. Besides, we have also shown that the proposed ad hoc expansion approach shares many properties with the alternative of using IP multicasting for mobility. Hence, the call signaling procedure for the ad hoc expansion approach is also applicable to the multicasting approach. Since ad hoc multipoint expansion has been defined in H.323, our solution introduces no additional entities to H.323 and requires minimal modifications to the existing H.323 protocol. Such mobility extensions can serve as a value-added feature for the Internet telephony systems compliant to the H.323 standard.
Archaeal replicative primases can perform translesion DNA synthesis (2015)

DNA replicases routinely stall at lesions encountered on the template strand, and translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) is used to rescue progression of stalled replisomes. This process requires specialized polymerases that perform translesion DNA synthesis. Although prokaryotes and eukaryotes possess canonical TLS polymerases (Y-family Pols) capable of traversing blocking DNA lesions, most archaea lack these enzymes. Here, we report that archaeal replicative primases (Pri S, primase small subunit) can also perform TLS. Archaeal Pri S can bypass common oxidative DNA lesions, such as 8-Oxo-2'-deoxyguanosines and UV light-induced DNA damage, faithfully bypassing cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. Although it is well documented that archaeal replicases specifically arrest at deoxyuracils (dUs) due to recognition and binding to the lesions, a replication restart mechanism has not been identified. Here, we report that Pri S efficiently replicates past dUs, even in the presence of stalled replicase complexes, thus providing a mechanism for maintaining replication bypass of these DNA lesions. Together, these findings establish that some replicative primases, previously considered to be solely involved in priming replication, are also TLS proficient and therefore may play important roles in damage tolerance at replication forks.
Association of Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Sleep Apnea, and Hypertension in a Large Community-Based Study (2000)

Our findings from the largest cross-sectional study to date indicate that SDB is associated with systemic hypertension in middle-aged and older individuals of different sexes and ethnic backgrounds.
Multidimensional Vector Regression for Accurate and Low-Cost Location Estimation in Pervasive Computing (2006)

In this paper, we present an algorithm for multidimensional vector regression on data that are highly uncertain and nonlinear, and then apply it to the problem of indoor location estimation in a wireless local area network (WLAN). Our aim is to obtain an accurate mapping between the signal space and the physical space without requiring too much human calibration effort. This location estimation problem has traditionally been tackled through probabilistic models trained on manually labeled data, which are expensive to obtain. In contrast, our algorithm adopts Kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis (KCCA) to build a nonlinear mapping between the signal-vector space and the physical location space by transforming data in both spaces into their canonical features. This allows the pairwise similarity of samples in both spaces to be maximally correlated using kernels. We use a Gaussian kernel to adapt to the noisy characteristics of signal strengths and a Matérn kernel to sense the changes in physical locations. By using real data collected in an 802.11 wireless LAN environment, we achieve accurate location estimation for pervasive computing while requiring a much smaller set of labeled training data than previous methods.