gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A method for determining longitudinal tear of conveyor belt based on feature fusion (2019)

Conveyor belt is often damaged by longitudinal rip while working in transport, which can lead to the scrapping of expensive machines, and sometimes causing fire and casualties. This paper presents a method for determining longitudinal tear of conveyor belt based on feature fusion. We analyze the main reasons of longitudinal rip and the image characteristics when the belt is ripped apart correspond with real operational conditions. Then the geometric characteristic and template matching feature based on gray image are selected to describe the characteristics of longitudinal tearing crack of conveyor belt. Finally, longitudinal tear of conveyor belt is determined based on DS evidence theory. The detection system based on computer vision is designed, which includes information collection apparatus, the image detecting apparatus, PC operating system and data transmission interface and the software is programmed by using MATLAB graphical user interface (GUI) technique. The presented method is useful for avoiding the risks of belt longitudinal rip under real operational conditions and for improving the production of transport’s efficiency and effectiveness.
<title>Study of traffic statistics of assembled burst traffic in optical burst-switched networks</title> (2002)

Optical Burst Switching (OBS) is considered as a promising switching technique for building the next generation optical Internet. In OBS networks, one important issue is how the performance will be affected by bursts assembled from packets, which is the basic transmission unit in OBS. In this paper, we study the fundamental statistic properties such as the burst length distribution, inter-arrival time distribution, as well as correlation structure of assembled burst traffic from burst assembly algorithms. From both theoretical and empirical results, it is demonstrated that after the assembly, the traffic will in general approach the Gaussian distribution. In particular, the variance of assembled traffic decreases with the increase in the assembly window size and the traffic load. However, the long range dependence in the input traffic will not change after assembly. Such smoothed assembled traffic will enhance the OBS performance by reducing burst loss and increase OBS throughput. This result is useful for the future study of OBS node and networks.
<i>In Vitro </i>Fungitoxic Activity of Some Glucosinolates and Their Enzyme-Derived Products toward Plant Pathogenic Fungi (1997)

The enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates (GLs), typical compounds of Cruciferae, produces molecules with fungitoxic activity. Eleven GLs and their enzymatic hydrolysis products obtained by myrosinase were tested in vitro against Fusarium culmorum. Toxicity of hydrolysis products from glucoiberin, glucotropaeolin, sinigrin, and epiprogoitrin were assayed on eight plant pathogenic fungi. The results showed (i) the native GLs showed no fungitoxic activity, whereas their hydrolysis products inhibited fungal growth depending on their chemical structure; (ii) the hydrolysis products from glucoiberin, glucoerucin, glucocheirolin, and glucotropaeolin were the most effective, with 50% inhibition of fungal growth at 0.1 mg/mL; (iii) the fungitoxic activity of hydrolysis products obtained from glucoiberin, glucotropaeolin, sinigrin, and epiprogoitrin was confirmed on eight pathogenic fungi, with different responses depending on their chemical structure; (iv) the most effective hydrolysis products were those from glucoiberin, showing EC50 values of 0.05 mg/mL on Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Diaporthe phaseolorum, and Pythium irregulare and a minimum inhibitory concentration varying from 0.1 to 1.2 mg/mL. Keywords: Cruciferae; isothiocyanates; Fusarium culmorum; myrosinase
Reflections on the History of the Society for Computer Simulation International (1998)

The Simulation Council, which later became the Soci ety for Computer Simulation International, was formed in 1952, four and a half years after the operation of the world's first electronic, stored-program digital com puter in Manchester, England. The original Simulation Council was joined by several other similar Councils in different parts of North America in the formation of Simulation Councils Inc. (SCi). Now known as the Soci ety for Computer Simulation International, the organi zation has nearly 2,000 members throughout the world.
Fabrication and analysis of a micro-machined tri-axis gyroscope (2008)

This paper presents an innovative micro-gyroscope design. Solely by SOI (silicon on insulator) fabrication technology and wet etching, the proposed micro-gyroscope can be produced in batch and is capable of detecting three-axis angular rates. The induced motions of all individual seismic mass modules are designed to respond in the directions orthogonal to each other in order to decouple the obtained measurements. In our work, three pairs of high-resolution differential capacitors with signal processing circuits are employed to measure the angular velocity components in three axes. On the other hand, the drive electrode comb is used to constantly vibrate the outer-ring in the tangential direction by a sinusoidal voltage. The signal bandwidth is increased by distributed translational proof masses (DTPM), placed 90° apart orderly. Each individual proof mass of DTPM is designed with natural frequency discrepancy and constrained to move in the radial direction so that the superior mode matching can be easily, to some extent, achieved. The suspension flexures are particularly designed to resist planar displacements in the drive mode but increase the stroke of tilting angular displacement in the sense mode. By considering the complicated geometry of the suspension flexures, FEM (finite element method) is employed to examine the potential maximum induced mechanical stress. The dynamic equations of the proposed gyroscope are established so that the embedded gyroscopic effects are explicitly unveiled. More importantly, the efficacy of the drive and sense circuit modules are verified by commercial softwares Hspice and Multisim . By intensive computer simulations and preliminary experimental studies, the resolution, bandwidth and decoupling capability of the tri-axis gyroscope are expected to be fairly enhanced if a certain degree of trade-off is preset. Corrections were made to figure 5 in this article on 3 October 2008. The corrected electronic version is identical to the print version.
Construction of new shuttle vectors for Acetobacter. (1985)

Shuttle vector pMV301 was constructed by ligation of pMV102 found in A. aceti subsp. xylinum NBI 1002 to E. coli plasmid pACYC177. It is 6.0kb in size, has unique restriction sites suitable for insertion of a foreign DNA fragment and confers ampicillin resistance to the Acetobacter host. This vector transforms A. aceti subsp. aceti 10-80S1 and industrial vinegar producer A. aceti subsp. xylinum NBI 1002 as well as E. coli. Various chimeric plasmids were also constructed by ligation of pMV102 to E. coli plasmids to examine the expression of drug resistance genes. In addition to the ampicillin resistance gene, resistance genes for kanamycin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline derived from E. coli plasmids were expressed in Acetobacter. Most of the constructed shuttle vectors were stably maintained in Acetobacter.
Study on the variables in designing the internal parallel move gears transmission (2009)

The mechanism of internal parallel move gears transmission, classified as the transmission of planet gear with a small teeth difference, has been developed as a new type of mechanical transmission on the principle of parallelogram mechanism as well as on the theoretical basis of planetary gear train. This mechanism can be widely applied in many fields, such as vehicle engineering, mine and metallurgy, heavy equipment, traffic transportation, machine tool industry, crane transportation and military equipment, etc, superseding cylindrical gear transmission and worm gear transmission. So, there are good prospects for the development of internal parallel move gears transmission. However, the current design and seriation work has been done only through the simple analogy, lacking the reliable theory and practical applied datas because of its short history. Therefore, the study of the design variables is of great significance to the research and seriation of the internal parallel move gears transmission. This paper discusses the relationships of modification coefficient, meshing angle, contact ratio and the interference coefficient of teeth profile. According to the actual examples of the design of internal parallel move gears transmission, the paper describes their relationships by means of figures and function equations and offers some empirical parameters for the design of internal parallel move gears transmission for reference. (3 pages)
UTX regulates mesoderm differentiation of embryonic stem cells independent of H3K27 demethylase activity (2012)

To investigate the role of histone H3K27 demethylase UTX in embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation, we have generated UTX knockout (KO) and enzyme-dead knock-in male ES cells. Deletion of the X-chromosome-encoded UTX gene in male ES cells markedly decreases expression of the paralogous UTY gene encoded by Y chromosome, but has no effect on global H3K27me3 level, Hox gene expression, or ES cell self-renewal. However, UTX KO cells show severe defects in mesoderm differentiation and induction of Brachyury, a transcription factor essential for mesoderm development. Surprisingly, UTX regulates mesoderm differentiation and Brachyury expression independent of its enzymatic activity. UTY, which lacks detectable demethylase activity, compensates for the loss of UTX in regulating Brachyury expression. UTX and UTY bind directly to Brachyury promoter and are required for Wnt/β-catenin signaling-induced Brachyury expression in ES cells. Interestingly, male UTX KO embryos express normal levels of UTY and survive until birth. In contrast, female UTX KO mice, which lack the UTY gene, show embryonic lethality before embryonic day 11.5. Female UTX KO embryos show severe defects in both Brachyury expression and embryonic development of mesoderm-derived posterior notochord, cardiac, and hematopoietic tissues. These results indicate that UTX controls mesoderm differentiation and Brachyury expression independent of H3K27 demethylase activity, and suggest that UTX and UTY are functionally redundant in ES cell differentiation and early embryonic development.
Interactions between cationic liposomes and bacteria: the physical-chemistry of the bactericidal action (1999)

The bactericidal effect of dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB), a liposome forming synthetic amphiphile, is further evaluated for Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus in order to establish susceptibilities of different bacteria species towards DODAB at a fixed viable bacteria concentration (2.5 x 10(7) viable bacteria/mL). For the four species, susceptibility towards DODAB increases from E. coli to S. aureus in the order above. Typically, cell viability decreases to 5% over 1 h of interaction time at DODAB concentrations equal to 50 and 5 microm for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. At charge neutralization of the bacterial cell, bacteria flocculation by DODAB vesicles is shown to be a diffusion-controlled process. Bacteria flocculation does not yield underestimated counts of colony forming units possibly because dilution procedures done before plating cause deflocculation. The effect of vesicle size on cell viability demonstrates that large vesicles, due to their higher affinity constant for the bacteria (45.20 m(-)) relative to the small vesicles (0.14 m(-)), kill E. coli at smaller DODAB concentrations. For E. coli and S. aureus, simultaneous determination of cell viability and electrophoretic mobility as a function of DODAB concentration yields a very good correlation between cell surface charge and cell viability. Negatively charged cells are 100% viable whereas positively charged cells do not survive. The results show a clear correlation between simple adsorption of entire vesicles generating a positive charge on the cell surfaces and cell death.
A comparison of two cerebral perfusion tracers, N-isopropyl I-123 p-iodoamphetamine and I-123 HIPDM, in the human. (1984)

Both N-isopropyl I-123 p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) and I-123 HIPDM have been advocated as radiotracers for assessing regional cerebral perfusion. We compared the biodistribution of the two tracers in 19 patients without evidence of neurological disease. Following intravenous injection, both tracers accumulated initially in the lung. Early after injection the fraction of the total brain uptake was higher for I-123 HIPDM than for I-123 IMP. The peak brain activity for I-123 IMP was higher than for I-123 HIPDM . Brain activity was unchanged with both tracers between 30 and 60 min after injection. Tomographic images were similar in appearance for both tracers. No eye uptake greater than background was observed with either tracer in any patient at 2, 24, and 48 hr. I-123 IMP is superior for tomographic imaging because of its higher brain uptake, whereas I-123 HIPDM may be superior for studies performed during rapid changes in blood flow.
Multilevel Image Segmentation in Computer-Vision Systems (2001)

In this contribution a multilevel image segmentation system is presented that is able to separate reliably objects in front of a static, but arbitrary background. Our algorithm automatically adapts to background features and is not restricted to specific background content. The system consists of three different processing stages. The low-level processing stage works pixelwise. For the midlevel processing stage the image area is subdivided in small rectangular box areas so that further classification results are obtained for these boxes. The high-level processing stage works on the box classifications of the mid-level stage and determines the final object of interest by employing further application-dependent knowledge. Depending on the high-level results the parameters of the midlevel stage are modified. Finally the mid-level processing stage advises the low-level stage to learn colors and edges of the recognized background regions. Due to this multilevel approach the algorithm is able to cope with varying illumination conditions smoothly and to remove noise almost completely. Moreover our segmentation system is able to recognize permanent changes in the background and to recall formerly learned situations reliably. 1
Synthesis of Cross-Linked Polyamines (1994)

Abstract Several synthetic approaches are explored for the preparation of polyamines which are cross-linked at the central, secondary nitrogen moiety. Diethylenetriamine, norspermidine and spermidine were used as examples.
Immune Therapy for Prostate Cancer (2016)

Immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer has continued to be an area of active research over the last several years. The enthusiasm of this approach has been based on the assumption of better tolerability and that using the body's own immune system may be more effective than either hormonal or chemotherapy. Sipuleucel-T, a dendritic cell-based vaccine, is the only approved agent in this class for the management of castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Although sipuleucel-T increases overall survival without any significant changes in progression-free survival, other forms of immunotherapy such as PSA-TRICOM, ipilimumab, and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy are in advanced stages of clinical development. Immune biomarkers are being developed to assess response to these treatments and also to understand how the immune system responds to these respective therapies. Combinations of immunotherapy with androgen deprivation, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy have also been explored with varying results. This review discusses the mechanisms, key preclinical and clinical data, and perspectives for immunotherapeutic agents in the treatment scheme for castrate-resistant prostate cancer.
Long‐Term Experimental Evolution in<i>Escherichia coli</i>. VIII. Dynamics of a Balanced Polymorphism (2000)

We describe the short- and long-term dynamics of a phenotypic polymorphism that arose in a population of Escherichia coli while it was serially propagated for almost 20,000 generations in a glucose-limited minimal medium. The two types, designated L and S, differ conspicuously in the size of the colonies they form on agar plates as well as the size of their individual cells, and these differences are heritable. The S type reached a detectable frequency (>1%) at generation 6,000, and it remained above that frequency throughout the subsequent generations. In addition to morphological differences, L and S diverged in important ecological properties. With clones isolated at 18,000 generations, L has a maximal growth rate in fresh medium that is ∼20% higher than that of S. However, experiments with conditioned media demonstrate that L and S secrete one or more metabolites that promote the growth of S but not of L. The death rate of L during stationary phase also increases when S is abundant, which suggests that S may either secrete a metabolite that is toxic to L or remove some factor that enables the survival of L. One-day competition experiments with the clones isolated at generation 18,000 show that their relative fitness is frequency dependent, with each type having an advantage when rare. When these two types are grown together for a period of several weeks, they converge on an equilibrium frequency that is consistent with the 1-d competition experiments. Over the entire 14,000-generation period of coexistence, however, the frequency of the S type fluctuated between approximately 10% and 85%. We offer several hypotheses that may explain the fluctuations in this balanced polymorphism, including the possibility of coevolution between the two types.
Optical time-domain mixer (2010)

We simulate an optical time-domain mixer that can be used to make a photonic analog-to-digital converter (ADC) or a digital demodulator for high-speed optical communications signals. In the basic mixer, a high frequency RF signal modulates a repetitively chirped optical carrier; this RF/optical waveform then is dispersed in one transverse dimension, and imaged onto a 2-dimensional transparency or spatial light modulator whose pixels are modulated with randomly chosen transmission or reflection coefficients (the optical mixing matrix). Following transmission through or reflection from the mixing matrix, the optical waveform from each row of the matrix is recombined and directed to a photodiode and electronics that integrate over the repetition period of the chirped source. Finally, each of these signals is digitized by an independent ADC sampling at a rate equal to the pulse repetition rate of the chirp source. A digital replica of the input RF signal can be recovered by digital signal processing from the digital output of the ADCs and the values of the transmission or reflection coefficients of the mixing matrix. The effective sampling rate is given by the number of pixels per row of the mixing matrix times the repetition rate of the chirp source while the effective resolution is controlled by the resolution of the electronic ADCs and the distortions introduced by the optical mixing process.
Single-Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometry for the Detection and Identification of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants (2007)

Single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry (SPAMS) was used for the real-time detection of liquid nerve agent simulants. A total of 1000 dual-polarity time-of-flight mass spectra were obtained for micrometer-sized single particles each of dimethyl methyl phosphonate, diethyl ethyl phosphonate, diethyl phosphoramidate, and diethyl phthalate using laser fluences between 0.58 and 7.83 nJ/microm2, and mass spectral variation with laser fluence was studied. The mass spectra obtained allowed identification of single particles of the chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants at each laser fluence used although lower laser fluences allowed more facile identification. SPAMS is presented as a promising real-time detection system for the presence of CWAs.
Skin colour correction and faces detection techniques based on HSL and R colour components (2014)

Human face detection is the first step towards face recognition, video surveillance and bioinformatics applications. The first step in faces detection is skin colour detection. Skincolour detection in visible spectrum is a very challenging task as the skin colour in an image is sensitive to various factors such as sensor characteristics, illumination, optics and ethnicity. Many researchers emphasise that there is a relationship between surface colours and illumination which is closely related problem of colour constancy. Colour correction stage should come first before applying skin colour detection to get better recognition rate. In this paper, a new approach Illumination Reflection Problem (IRP) has been proposed to correct the skin colour in the image that suffers from illumination reflection problem. IRP approach succeeded to correct the colour of 95% of affected pixels from illumination reflection problem. Also, a new approach to solve colour constancy problem is proposed named MMCrCb (Mean of Medians of Cr Cb). The purpose of this correction approach is to prepare the image prior to applying skin detection technique. Its methodology based on transforming the image to YCbCr then correcting the values of Y, Cb and Cr. After doing correction, transform the image back to RGB. Images from Caltech Image Database that suffer from colour constancy problem were used to test the MMCrCb approach. Also nine skin colour detection techniques were investigated and compared with a new proposed technique for skin detection using HSL and R colour components. The data base used for testing that approach was the MUCT database. The MUCT database provides more diversity of lighting, age and ethnicity. The testing results proved that the proposed skin detection technique using HSL and R is the best among techniques in the literature. In addition to that, the use of MMCrCb colour constancy correction approach with the proposed skin detection technique increases the skin colour pixels classification rate of unbalanced colour images by 20%.
Steganography-The Art of Hiding Data (2004)

Given the shear volume of data stored and transmitted electronically in the world today, it is no surprise that countless methods of protecting such data have evolved. One lesser-known but rapidly growing method is steganography, the art and science of hiding information so that it does not even appear to exist. Moreover, in an ideal world we would all be able to openly send encrypted email or files to each other with no fear of reprisals. However, there are often cases when this is not possible, either because you are working for a company that does not allow encrypted emails or perhaps the local government does not approve of encrypted communication. This is one of the cases where Steganography can help hide the encrypted messages, images, keys, secret data, etc. This paper discusses the purpose of steganography. Explains how steganography is related to cryptography as well as what it can and cannot be used for. It also discusses a brief history of steganography. In addition, some of the tools and software used in steganography are demonstrated and including some discussion of the most popular algorithms involved in these tools. This paper further explains the advantages and disadvantages, as well as, strengths and weaknesses in the use of steganography.