gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein disaggregation and refolding using high hydrostatic pressure (2007)

Abstract Production of recombinant proteins often leads to aggregate formation. These aggregates may make it impossible to solubilize the protein for downstream applications such as assay development or structural studies by X‐ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. High hydrostatic pressure technology has been developed which offers significant advantages over traditional methods of protein disaggregation and refolding. Pressure induced disruption of protein aggregates and subsequent refolding can take place at high concentrations in a single process step, without the need for high concentrations of chaotropic agents. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
RSNA/QIBA: Shear wave speed as a biomarker for liver fibrosis staging (2013)

An interlaboratory study of shear wave speed (SWS) estimation was performed. Commercial shear wave elastography systems from Fibroscan, Philips, Siemens and Supersonic Imagine, as well as several custom laboratory systems, were involved. Fifteen sites were included in the study. CIRS manufactured and donated 11 pairs of custom phantoms designed for the purposes of this investigation. Dynamic mechanical tests of equivalent phantom materials were also performed. The results of this study demonstrate that there is very good agreement among SWS estimation systems, but there are several sources of bias and variance that can be addressed to improve consistency of measurement results.
Empirical Bayes Inference for the Parameter of Pareto Distribution Based on Longitudinal Data (2015)

In this paper, by using the kernel-type density estimation in the case of longitudinal data, the empirical Bayes two-side test rule for the parameter of Pareto Distribution are constructed. The asymptically optimal property for the proposes EB test is obtained under suitable conditions. It is shown that the convergence rates of the proposed EB test rules can arbitrarily close to O.
The Effect of Lavender Aromatherapy on Autonomic Nervous System in Midlife Women with Insomnia (2011)

The objective of this study is to determine the effects of 12 weeks of lavender aromatherapy on self-reported sleep and heart rate variability (HRV) in the midlife women with insomnia. Sixty-seven women aged 45-55 years, with a CPSQI (Chinese version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) greater than 5, were recruited from communities in Taiwan. The experimental group (n = 34) received lavender inhalation, 20 min each time, twice per week, for 12 weeks, with a total of 24 times. The control group (n = 33) received health education program for sleep hygiene with no intervention. The study of HRV was analyzed by time- and frequency-domain methods. Significant decrease in mean heart rate (HR) and increases in SDNN (standard deviation of the normal-to-normal (NN) intervals), RMSDD (square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals), and HF (high frequency) of spectral powers analysis after lavender inhalation were observed in the 4th and 12th weeks of aromatherapy. The total CPSQI score of study subjects was significantly decreased in the experimental group (P < 0.001), while no significant difference was observed across the same time period (P = 0.776) in the control group. Resting HR and HRV measurements at baseline 1 month and 3 months after allocation showed no significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The study demonstrated that lavender inhalation may have a persistent short-term effect on HRV with an increase in parasympathetic modulation. Women receiving aromatherapy experienced a significant improvement in sleep quality after intervention. However, lavender aromatherapy does not appear to confer benefit on HRV in the long-term followup.
Infrared and red PPG signals analysis of the healthy subjects and clinical patients (2016)

A lab-made photoplethysmographic (PPG) device was applied to measure PPG signals of healthy cohorts and selected patients by medical doctors for arterial elasticity assessment. The off-line analysis on vascular health was done afterwards using a commercial software. The received information is repeatable and reproducible, however, sometimes not unambiguous. Temporal parameters of the signal components were studied in order to define the invariants by means of optimal envelope construction. After PPG pulse series normalization the series were twice differentiated and the maxima (A) and minima (B) of the second order derivative PPGs (SDPPG) were determined. The constructed graphs of the ratios B/A as a function of time were produced for the healthy compared with the vascular patients. Also principal component analysis (PCA) was used in decomposing the PPG signal for finding functional relationships between components. The 30-points moving averages were calculated for B/A value series of each SDPPG signals which is presented as the result. The B/A index shows higher values for the finger arteries compared the toe arteries. The infrared based B/A index values were higher than the red based B/A index values, and finger B/A index values were higher than toe B/A index values. The main goal for this study the noninvasive method for arterial elasticity assessment based on clinical and volunteer measurements with PPG & SDPPG means.
The Gemini Near‐Infrared Imager (NIRI) (2003)

This paper presents the basic design of the Gemini Near‐Infrared Imager (NIRI) and discusses its capabilities. NIRI offers three different pixel scales to match different operating modes of the Gemini telescope and allows polarimetric and spectroscopic observations. It is equipped with an infrared on‐instrument wave‐front sensor (OIWFS) to allow tip‐tilt and focus correction even in highly obscured regions. The science detector array is an Aladdin II InSb 1024 × 1024 pixel device sensitive from 1.0 to 5.5 μm.
Automated Spyware Detection Using End User License Agreements (2008)

The amount of spyware increases rapidly over the Internet and it is usually hard for the average user to know if a software application hosts spyware. This paper investigates the hypothesis that it is possible to detect from the end user license agreement (EULA) whether its associated software hosts spyware or not. We generated a data set by collecting 100 applications with EULAs and classifying each EULA as either good or bad. An experiment was conducted, in which 15 popular default-configured mining algorithms were applied on the EULA data set. The results show that 13 algorithms are significantly better than random guessing, thus we conclude that the hypothesis can be accepted. Moreover, 2 algorithms also perform significantly better than the current state-of-the-art EULA analysis method. Based on these results, we present a novel tool that can be used to prevent the installation of spyware.
The μ Project: An Experience with a Multimicroprocessor System (1982)

Which processor interconnection method makes a modular, reconfigurable system perform best in a given application? Certain tools and strategies help provide the answer.
Thermodynamic Behavior of Copper‐Coated Silicon Carbide Particles during Conventional Heating and Spark Plasma Sintering (2003)

75Cu·25SiC (vol%) compacts were prepared using copper‐coated SiC particles and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The preliminary thermal performance of the coated particles was determined using simultaneous DSC‐TG‐MS measurement. Characterization of compacts using XRD and SEM techniques was conducted to investigate the physical and chemical changes during the SPS operation. It was found that CuO decomposed at 850° and 500°C during conventional heating and SPS, respectively. Cu 2 O facilitated the densification of Cu/SiC composites. The optimized sintering temperature of Cu/SiC composites using SPS was ∼730°C. The compacts showed improved hardness because of the SiC reinforcement.
Simulation Study of Optical Transmission Properties of ZnO Thin Film Deposited on Dif-ferent Substrates (2013)

ZnO is an important II-VI semiconductor material for devices with possible applications such as piezoelectric transducers, gas sensors, transparent electronic in solar cell, saw devices. Based on known research, ZnO is the most prom-ising in optoelectronic and optical applications, especially in UV region. An understanding of the optical properties of ZnO thin film on different substrates is also needed to obtain the optimal configuration for the best performance. In this work, we start our simulation by made a Matlab code to study the Sellmeier equation. The behavior of light transmission of ZnO/BK7 glass and ZnO/Sapphire is studied. Both the variation of thickness of ZnO film and different parameters of Sellmeier model are studied. This approach helps us to determine the best configuration (thin film / substrate) to made advices for optoelectronic applications.
Frequency selective propagation effects on spread-spectrum receiver tracking (1981)

This paper presents results of investigations of frequency selective scintillation effects, due to transionosphetic propagation, on the performance of spread-spectrum receivers. Emphasis is placed on pseudonoise (PN) direct sequence systems. Pertinent features of the disturbed ionospheric propagation channel are described together with the characteristics of resulting satellite signal scintillations. Effects of frequency selective scintillations on PN spread-spectrum code correlation and tracking are illustrated in some detail. The design of the receiver PN code tracking loop is an important factor in determining the significance of these effects. Of the designs that have been investigated, a dedicated (non-time-shared) noncoherent code tracking loop appears to be least susceptible to losing code lock in the presence of frequency selective scintillation. Possible design modifications to further enhance the robustness of PN code tracking are discussed.
Ubiquitination of Free Cyclin D1 Is Independent of Phosphorylation on Threonine 286 (2000)

Cyclin D1 binds and regulates the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 4 and 6. Phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein by cyclin D1.CDK4/6 complexes during the G(1) phase of the cell cycle promotes entry into S phase. Cyclin D1 protein is ubiquitinated and degraded by the 26 S proteasome. Previous studies have demonstrated that cyclin D1 ubiquitination is dependent on its phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) on threonine 286 and that this phosphorylation event is greatly enhanced by binding to CDK4 (Diehl, J. A., Cheng, M. G., Roussel, M. F., and Sherr, C. J. (1998) Genes Dev. 12, 3499-3511). We now report an additional pathway for the ubiquitination of free cyclin D1 (unbound to CDKs). We show that, when unbound to CDK4, a cyclin D1-T286A mutant is ubiquitinated. Further, we show that a mutant of cyclin D1 that cannot bind to CDK4 (cyclin D1-KE) is also ubiquitinated in vivo. Our results demonstrate that free cyclin D1 is ubiquitinated independently of its phosphorylation on threonine 286 by GSK-3beta, suggesting that, as has been shown for cyclin E, distinct pathways of ubiquitination lead to the degradation of free and CDK-bound cyclin D1. The pathway responsible for ubiquitination of free cyclin D1 may be important in limiting the effects of cyclin D1 overexpression in a variety of cancers.
Synthesis and analgesic properties of N-substituted trans-4a-aryldecahydroisoquinolines (1988)

A representative series of N-substituted derivatives of the morphine-based trans-4a-aryldecahydroisoquinoline were synthesized and evaluated for opioid analgesic activities. Compounds with potent analgesic activity and high affinities for the mu and kappa opioid receptors were discovered. The effect of varying the N-substituent in the trans-4a-aryldecahydroisoquinoline paralleled, to a certain extent, previous findings with other morphine part structures. Replacement of the N-methyl with a phenethyl group significantly increased analgesic potency. The N-cyclopropylmethyl analogue was found in rodents to have mixed agonist-antagonist properties; however, its antagonist activity was far weaker than those reported for the N-(cyclopropylmethyl)morphinan and -benzomorphan derivatives. Resolution of the stereoisomers and determination of their absolute configuration by X-ray crystallography showed that the opioid receptor effects were predominantly found with the 4aR,8aR isomer, the same relative absolute configuration of morphine. Unexpectedly, the 4aR,8aR N-cyclopropylmethyl analogue (compound 30), which in rodents had mixed agonist-antagonist properties similar to those of pentazocine, was found in rhesus monkeys to behave as a full morphine-like agonist.
An Improved Method for Disruption of Microbial Cells with Pressurized Carbon Dioxide (1992)

Disruption of microbial cells by pressurized carbon dioxide at both subcritical and supercritical temperatures has been previously investigated. This method differs in principle from other disruption techniques and was found to have potential applications for rupture of a variety of microorganisms. However, it is not as effective for some of the microbial cells, including yeast, of which the cell walls are extremely robust and rigid. This work suggests an alternative operation to improve the disruption rates of cells by repeatedly releasing the applied fluid pressure within the cells in the midst of a disruption process. The improvement is substantial at all the experimental conditions studied.
Simulated performance optimization of GaAs MESFET amplifiers (2002)

A robust global optimizer that is capable of optimizing linear, small-signal and nonlinear, large-signal figures of merit (FOMs) in the presence of a high density of local minima and noise is presented. The optimizer is linked with a large-signal MESFET model and used to investigate the optimization process and parameter extraction for GaAs MESFET amplifiers given the complex structure of the RF performance FOM hypersurface. It is demonstrated that it is necessary to perform optimization using all available physical parameters simultaneously as opposed to sequential optimization using only a few parameters at a time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recent Advances in Optical Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring and Early Warning (2013)

The growing number of pollutants requires the development of innovative analytical devices that are precise, sensitive, specific, rapid, and easy-to-use to meet the increasing demand for legislative actions on environmental pollution control and early warning. Optical biosensors, as a powerful alternative to conventional analytical techniques, enable the highly sensitive, real-time, and high-frequency monitoring of pollutants without extensive sample preparation. This article reviews important advances in functional biorecognition materials (e.g., enzymes, aptamers, DNAzymes, antibodies and whole cells) that facilitate the increasing application of optical biosensors. This work further examines the significant improvements in optical biosensor instrumentation and their environmental applications. Innovative developments of optical biosensors for environmental pollution control and early warning are also discussed.
Axonal Neuropathy-associated TRPV4 Regulates Neurotrophic Factor-derived Axonal Growth (2011)

Spinal muscular atrophy and hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies are characterized by muscle weakness and atrophy caused by the degenerations of peripheral motor and sensory nerves. Recent advances in genetics have resulted in the identification of missense mutations in TRPV4 in patients with these hereditary neuropathies. Neurodegeneration caused by Ca(2+) overload due to the gain-of-function mutation of TRPV4 was suggested as the molecular mechanism for the neuropathies. Despite the importance of TRPV4 mutations in causing neuropathies, the precise role of TRPV4 in the sensory/motor neurons is unknown. Here, we report that TRPV4 mediates neurotrophic factor-derived neuritogenesis in developing peripheral neurons. TRPV4 was found to be highly expressed in sensory and spinal motor neurons in early development as well as in the adult, and the overexpression or chemical activation of TRPV4 was found to promote neuritogenesis in sensory neurons as well as PC12 cells, whereas its knockdown and pharmacologic inhibition had the opposite effect. More importantly, nerve growth factor or cAMP treatment up-regulated the expression of phospholipase A(2) and TRPV4. Neurotrophic factor-derived neuritogenesis appears to be regulated by the phospholipase A(2)-mediated TRPV4 pathway. These findings show that TRPV4 mediates neurotrophic factor-induced neuritogenesis in developing peripheral nerves. Because neurotrophic factors are essential for the maintenance of peripheral nerves, these findings suggest that aberrant TRPV4 activity may lead to some types of pathology of sensory and motor nerves.
Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for Development of Human and Veterinary Vaccines (2016)

Viral vaccine vectors have shown to be effective in inducing a robust immune response against the vaccine antigen. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, is a promising vaccine vector against human and veterinary pathogens. Avirulent NDV strains LaSota and B1 have long track records of safety and efficacy. Therefore, use of these strains as vaccine vectors is highly safe in avian and non-avian species. NDV replicates efficiently in the respiratory track of the host and induces strong local and systemic immune responses against the foreign antigen. As a vaccine vector, NDV can accommodate foreign sequences with a good degree of stability and as a RNA virus, there is limited possibility for recombination with host cell DNA. Using NDV as a vaccine vector in humans offers several advantages over other viral vaccine vectors. NDV is safe in humans due to host range restriction and there is no pre-existing antibody to NDV in the human population. NDV is antigenically distinct from common human pathogens. NDV replicates to high titer in a cell line acceptable for human vaccine development. Therefore, NDV is an attractive vaccine vector for human pathogens for which vaccines are currently not available. NDV is also an attractive vaccine vector for animal pathogens.
Voltage rating versus horsepower of synchronous and induction motors (1952)

EVERY industrial plant of any size today has two or three utilization voltages, any one of which is available for supplying motors. The maximum primary distribution voltage within the plant buildings may be any voltage up to 15 kv, the maximum standard being 13.8 kv. Thus a choice must be made as to the most desirable voltage rating for the various motor ratings. Many factors must be considered if an intelligent selection is to be made. Each of these factors will be discussed to the end that the recommended minimum horsepower for each voltage level may be determined. This paper is concerned with the recommended minimum and not with the minimum horsepower at the various voltage ratings that it is possible to manufacture. Stated otherwise, it is not what can be built but what should be built from the standpoint of the best over-all installation for the purchaser. Likewise, just because a motor is listed in the motor manufacturers price handbook, for example a motor rated 50 horsepower (hp), 2,300 volts, does not mean that it is as good a motor from the standpoint of long life and trouble-free service as a similar motor rated 440 volts. It does indicate, however, that such a motor can be built if absolutely necessary. Maximum horsepower ratings at the various voltage ratings will be discussed also. The natural question then is: why do motor manufacturers list such ratings in their handbooks? The answer is self-evident when considering that all motor manufacturers list these ratings. Whether this practice should be continued is beyond the scope of this paper.
Palmitoylation Regulates Regulators of G-protein Signaling (RGS) 16 Function (2003)

Regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins down-regulate signaling by heterotrimeric G-proteins by accelerating GTP hydrolysis on the G alpha subunits. Palmitoylation, the reversible addition of palmitate to cysteine residues, occurs on several RGS proteins and is critical for their activity. For RGS16, mutation of Cys-2 and Cys-12 blocks its incorporation of [3H]palmitate and ability to turn-off Gi and Gq signaling and significantly inhibited its GTPase activating protein activity toward aG alpha subunit fused to the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A, but did not reduce its plasma membrane localization based on cell fractionation studies and immunoelectron microscopy. Palmitoylation can target proteins, including many signaling proteins, to membrane microdomains, called lipid rafts. A subpopulation of endogenous RGS16 in rat liver membranes and overexpressed RGS16 in COS cells, but not the nonpalmitoylated cysteine mutant of RGS16, localized to lipid rafts. However, disruption of lipid rafts by treatment with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin did not decrease the GTPase activating protein activity of RGS16. The lipid raft fractions were enriched in protein acyltransferase activity, and RGS16 incorporated [3H]palmitate into a peptide fragment containing Cys-98, a highly conserved cysteine within the RGS box. These results suggest that the amino-terminal palmitoylation of an RGS protein promotes its lipid raft targeting that allows palmitoylation of a poorly accessible cysteine residue that we show in the accompanying article (Osterhout, J. L., Waheed, A. A., Hiol, A., Ward, R. J., Davey, P. C., Nini, L., Wang, J., Milligan, G., Jones, T. L. Z., and Druey, K. M. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 19309-19316) was critical for RGS16 and RGS4 GAP activity.
Caveolin-1 and regulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis (2006)

Caveolae are 50- to 100-nm cell surface plasma membrane invaginations present in terminally differentiated cells. They are characterized by the presence of caveolin-1, sphingolipids, and cholesterol. Caveolin-1 is thought to play an important role in the regulation of cellular cholesterol homeostasis, a process that needs to be properly controlled to limit and prevent cholesterol accumulation and eventually atherosclerosis. We have recently generated caveolin-1-deficient [Cav-1(-/-)] mice in which caveolae organelles are completely eliminated from all cell types, except cardiac and skeletal muscle. In the present study, we examined the metabolism of cholesterol in wild-type (WT) and Cav-1(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPMs). We observed that Cav-1(-/-) MEFs are enriched in esterified cholesterol but depleted of free cholesterol compared with their wild-type counterparts. Similarly, Cav-1(-/-) MPMs also contained less free cholesterol and were enriched in esterified cholesterol on cholesterol loading. In agreement with this finding, caveolin-1 deficiency was associated with reduced free cholesterol synthesis but increased acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl-transferase (ACAT) activity. In wild-type MPMs, we observed that caveolin-1 was markedly upregulated on cholesterol loading. Despite these differences, cellular cholesterol efflux from MEFs and MPMs to HDL was not affected in the Cav-1-deficient cells. Neither ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1)- nor scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI)-mediated cholesterol efflux was affected. Cellular cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A-I was not significantly reduced in Cav-1(-/-) MPMs compared with wild-type MPMs. However, ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux was clearly more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of glyburide in Cav-1(-/-) MPMs versus WT MPMs. Taken together, these findings suggest that caveolin-1 plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis and can modulate the activity of other proteins that are involved in the regulation of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis.