gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of CEACAM1 as a Regulator of T Cells (2006)

A major immunological attribute of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the presence of unrestrained activation of T cells that produce a variety of inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. Gaining an understanding of T cell regulation is therefore of major importance to IBD. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 CEACAM1) is a novel protein that has been recently recognized as being expressed by immune cells and T lymphocytes, in particular; this protein appears to function as a coinhibitory receptor after T cell activation. Ligation of CEACAM1 on T cells induces a signal cascade that leads inhibition of T cell cytokine production and IBD. CEACAM1 is thus a novel potential therapeutic target in the treatment of IBD.
Characterization of a Microsomal Calcium-Dependent Nitric Oxide Synthase in Activated J774.2 Monocyte/Macrophages (1992)

The nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity present in murine J774.2 monocyte/macrophages was characterized in terms of its intracellular localization, substrate specificity, and Ca2+ dependency. Traces of constitutive NO synthase activity were found in the microsomal fraction from noninduced J774.2 cells, whereas no NO synthase activity was detected in the cytosol. After 24 h in the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and mouse interferon, NO synthase activity was substantially increased in both fractions with 51-60% of the total activity present in the cytosol. These activities, however, were clearly different, for the microsomal enzyme was Ca2+ dependent, whereas the cytosolic NO synthase was not. Moreover, NG-hydroxy-L-arginine (L-HOArg), L-homo-arginine, and several L-arginine (L-Arg)-containing dipeptides could replace L-Arg as substrates for the Ca(2+)-independent NO synthase, whereas the Ca(2+)-dependent enzyme accepted only L-Arg, L-HOArg, or L-Arg-L-Arg as substrates. Thus, a microsomal Ca(2+)-dependent NO synthase is induced in J774.2 monocyte/macrophages with a substrate specificity different from the inducible Ca(2+)-independent NO synthase as well as the constitutive NO synthase in, for example, endothelial cells. Irrespective of their intracellular localization, therefore, at least three isoforms of NO synthase exist, all of which can accommodate substrates different from L-Arg in size, charge, and hydrophobicity.
Turning Optical Complex Media into Universal Reconfigurable Linear Operators by Wavefront Shaping (2018)

Performing linear operations using optical devices is a crucial building block in many fields ranging from telecommunication to optical analogue computation and machine learning. For many of these applications, key requirements are robustness to fabrication inaccuracies and reconfigurability. Current designs of custom-tailored photonic devices or coherent photonic circuits only partially satisfy these needs. Here, we propose a way to perform linear operations by using complex optical media such as multimode fibers or thin scattering layers as a computational platform driven by wavefront shaping. Given a large random transmission matrix (TM) representing light propagation in such a medium, we can extract a desired smaller linear operator by finding suitable input and output projectors. We discuss fundamental upper bounds on the size of the linear transformations our approach can achieve and provide an experimental demonstration. For the latter, first we retrieve the complex medium's TM with a non-interferometric phase retrieval method. Then, we take advantage of the large number of degrees of freedom to find input wavefronts using a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) that cause the system, composed of the SLM and the complex medium, to act as a desired complex-valued linear operator on the optical field. We experimentally build several $16\times16$ complex-valued operators, and are able to switch from one to another at will. Our technique offers the prospect of reconfigurable, robust and easy-to-fabricate linear optical analogue computation units.
Laser-Assisted Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Fe@Au Core−Shell Nanoparticles (2006)

A novel method combining wet chemistry for synthesis of an Fe core, 532 nm laser irradiation of Fe nanoparticles and Au powder in liquid medium for deposition of an Au shell, and sequential magnetic extraction/acid washing for purification has been developed to fabricate oxidation-resistant Fe@Au magnetic core-shell nanoparticles. The nanoparticles have been extensively characterized at various stages during and up to several months after completion of the synthesis by a suite of electron microscopy techniques (HRTEM, HAADF STEM, EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and magnetometry. The surface plasmon resonance of the Fe@Au nanoparticles is red shifted and much broadened as compared with that of pure colloidal nano-gold, which is explained to be predominantly a shell-thickness effect. The Au shell consists of partially fused approximately 3-nm-diameter fcc Au nanoparticles (lattice interplanar distance, d = 2.36 A). The 18-nm-diameter magnetic core is bcc Fe single domain (d = 2.03 A). The nanoparticles are superparamagnetic at room temperature (300 K) with a blocking temperature, T(b), of approximately 170 K. After 4 months of shelf storage in normal laboratory conditions, their mass magnetization per Fe content was measured to be 210 emu/g, approximately 96% of the Fe bulk value.
Parathyroid hormone-related peptide delays terminal differentiation of chondrocytes during endochondral bone development. (1996)

To test the hypothesis that PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) is a paracrine regulator of endochondral bone development, we localized PTHrP and its cognate receptor during normal skeletal development at both messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels and compared the growth plate phenotypes of PTHrP-deficient [(PTHrP(-/-)] mice to those of normal littermates [PTHrP(+/+]. PTHrP mRNA was expressed adjacent to uncavitated joints, in the perichondrium of long bones and to a lower level in proliferating chondrocytes. In contrast, PTHrP protein was most evident at the interface of proliferating and hypertrophic zones, where it colocalized with PTH/PTHrP receptor mRNA and protein. Most strikingly, the proliferating zone was dramatically shorter in PTHrP(-/-) cartilage, although the percentage of cells in S-phase of the cell cycle in the proliferating zone was indistinguishable between PTHrP(+/+) and PTHrP(-/-) mice. Terminal differentiation of chondrocytes, which was characterized by cell hypertrophy, apoptosis (DNA fragmentation and decreased bcl-2 mRNA expression), and matrix mineralization, was more advanced in growth cartilage of PTHrP(-/-), compared with PTHrP(+/+) animals. These data demonstrate that PTHrP acts principally as a paracrine factor, which promotes elongation of endochondral bone by restraining or delaying the pace of chondrocytic development and terminal differentiation of growth-plate chondrocytes.
Legal professional privilege : from the courts (2013)

Applies to lawyers only; communications from accountants and other tax professionals do not qualify.
Research on Network Trading System Using Blockchain Technology (2018)

Blockchain technology is actually a distributed database technology. It adopts a series of security technologies such as P2P network technology, asymmetric encryption technology and smart contract technology to ensure the security and reliability of transactions. It has advantages of decentralization, anonymity and traceability. In view of the problems existing in the current centralized network transaction mode, this paper creatively proposes the design scheme of “network trading system based on blockchain technology”, and proposes a safe and feasible network transaction system model to ensure the transaction in network data transmission, data processing and other aspects of security. In-depth research and elaboration of some key technologies and principles in the network trading system. Comprehensive application of P2P network technology, asymmetric encryption technology, consensus mechanism, smart contract and other technologies to solve the security problem of network transaction systems. The specific implementation process is given for the transaction system from the aspects of demand analysis, transaction process, interface design, data model design and storage scalability design. Finally, it summarizes the application of blockchain technology in network transactions and points out the future research direction.
Absorption of human growth hormone from the rat lung. (1993)

Recombinant methionyl human growth hormone (hGH) was administered intratracheally to adult rats, and serum concentrations of immunoreactive hGH were measured for up to 24 h. The mean absolute bioavailability was approximately 36% after 18h and was similar for doses of 0.75, 1.5, and 3 mg/kg. Peak serum hGH concentrations occurred at approximately 6 h after dosing. Tritiated hGH (3H-hGH) was used to follow the clearance of hormone from the lungs. Disappearance was linear with time and by 24 h approximately 70% of the radioactivity was gone from the lungs (elimination half-life = approximately 10.5h). Monomeric and aggregated hGH appeared to account for the majority of the residual 30% of radioactivity. Immunohistochemical localization of hGH in the alveoli suggested that the hormone was concentrated in a thin layer at the air-epithelial boundary. Pulmonary macrophages, which also stained for hGH, probably degrade hGH and thus account for some loss of material in the lungs. These studies suggest that the lung may be an alternative route for systemic delivery of recombinant proteins which are currently delivered by injection.
Dsp-Fll For Fsk Demodulation (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
Nickel requires hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, not redox signaling, to induce plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (2001)

Human epidemiological and animal studies have associated inhalation of nickel dusts with an increased incidence of pulmonary fibrosis. At the cellular level, particulate nickel subsulfide inhibits fibrinolysis by transcriptionally inducing expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, an inhibitor of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Because nickel is known to mimic hypoxia, the present study examined whether nickel transcriptionally activates PAI-1 through the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha signaling pathway. The involvement of the NADPH oxidase complex, reactive oxygen species, and kinases in mediating nickel-induced HIF-1 alpha signaling was also investigated. Addition of nickel to BEAS-2B human airway epithelial cells increased HIF-1 alpha protein levels and elevated PAI-1 mRNA levels. Pretreatment of cells with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor U-0126 partially blocked HIF-1 alpha protein and PAI-1 mRNA levels induced by nickel, whereas antioxidants and NADPH oxidase inhibitors had no effect. Pretreating cells with antisense, but not sense, oligonucleotides to HIF-1 alpha mRNA abolished nickel-stimulated increases in PAI-1 mRNA. These data indicate that signaling through extracellular signal-regulated kinase and HIF-1 alpha is required for nickel-induced transcriptional activation of PAI-1.
Correction of chromatic aberrations in GRIN endoscopes (1983)

A gradient-index (GRIN) endoscope can be constructed by substituting for the usual objective and relay sections suitable cylindrical index-distribution rod lenses. Currently available GRIN lenses exhibit large amounts of chromatic aberration. Axial color arises mostly from the relay lens, while lateral color is due to the objective lens. A negative lens cemented to a shortened GRIN relay lens can simultaneously correct axial and lateral chromatic aberrations with commercially available components. This correction system reduces the requirements for mechanical centration better than do color correctors that are incorporated into the ocular design. Monochromatic aberrations are also considered.
Q-value functions for decentralized POMDPs (2007)

Planning in single-agent models like MDPs and POMDPs can be carried out by resorting to Q-value functions: a (near-) optimal Q-value function is computed in a recursive manner by dynamic programming, and then a policy is extracted from this value function. In this paper we study whether similar Q-value functions can be defined in decentralized POMDP models (Dec-POMDPs), what the cost of computing such value functions is, and how policies can be extracted from such value functions. Using the framework of Bayesian games, we argue that searching for the optimal Q-value function may be as costly as exhaustive policy search. Then we analyze various approximate Q-value functions that allow efficient computation. Finally, we describe a family of algorithms for extracting policies from such Q-value functions.
Open-Source Automated Parahydrogen Hyperpolarizer for Molecular Imaging Using <sup>13</sup>C Metabolic Contrast Agents (2016)

An open-source hyperpolarizer producing (13)C hyperpolarized contrast agents using parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) for biomedical and other applications is presented. This PHIP hyperpolarizer utilizes an Arduino microcontroller in conjunction with a readily modified graphical user interface written in the open-source processing software environment to completely control the PHIP hyperpolarization process including remotely triggering an NMR spectrometer for efficient production of payloads of hyperpolarized contrast agent and in situ quality assurance of the produced hyperpolarization. Key advantages of this hyperpolarizer include: (i) use of open-source software and hardware seamlessly allowing for replication and further improvement as well as readily customizable integration with other NMR spectrometers or MRI scanners (i.e., this is a multiplatform design), (ii) relatively low cost and robustness, and (iii) in situ detection capability and complete automation. The device performance is demonstrated by production of a dose (∼2-3 mL) of hyperpolarized (13)C-succinate with %P13C ∼ 28% and 30 mM concentration and (13)C-phospholactate at %P13C ∼ 15% and 25 mM concentration in aqueous medium. These contrast agents are used for ultrafast molecular imaging and spectroscopy at 4.7 and 0.0475 T. In particular, the conversion of hyperpolarized (13)C-phospholactate to (13)C-lactate in vivo is used here to demonstrate the feasibility of ultrafast multislice (13)C MRI after tail vein injection of hyperpolarized (13)C-phospholactate in mice.
<scp>l</scp>-Lactide Macromonomer Synthesis Initiated by New Cyclic Tin Alkoxides Functionalized for Brushlike Structures (2001)

l-Lactide macromonomers with an incorporated double bond were successfully synthesized by controlled ring-opening polymerization initiated by two new cyclic tin alkoxides (1,1-di-n-butyl-stanna-2,7-dioxacyclo-4-heptene and 9,9,20,20-tetrabutyl-8,10,19,21-tetraoxa-9,20-distanna-dispiro[5.5.5.5]docosa-2,14-diene). Initiators and crude reaction mixtures were characterized by NMR. 1H NMR analysis showed that the initiators were completely reacted in the polymerization and that both tin−oxygen bonds were reactive and participated in propagation. The polymerizations were performed in chloroform at 60 °C, and the molecular weight was effectively controlled by adjusting the monomer-to-initiator ratio. The molecular weight distribution was narrow (<1.1) for both high and low molecular weights (3000−72 000 g/mol). A plot of Mn vs conversion was linear up to a conversion of 98%, showing a system propagating in a controlled manner. The kinetic investigation showed that all of the polymerizations were first order in monomer and that no termination reactions occurred during polymerization.
On the Uniformity of Thin Films: A New Technique Applied to Polyimides (1979)

A new technique has been developed for measuring and optimizing the thickness uniformity of spun‐on films. The technique allows simple, time‐efficient, thickness profile mapping across an entire slice. This technique has been applied to a polyimide to determine the dependence of the film thickness upon dispense volume, dispense spin speed, and final spin speed. The average thickness of the film is a strong function only of the final spin speed, but the uniformity of the film is affected by all three parameters. For the 1100 cP polyimide studied, the optimum spin parameters are: 0.5 cm3 dispense volume; zero dispense spin speed; and ≥5K rpm final spin speed.
CD81 Expression Is Important for the Permissiveness of Huh7 Cell Clones for Heterogeneous Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2007)

Huh7 cells constitute a permissive cell line for cell culture of hepatitis C virus (HCV) particles. However, our Huh7 line shows limited permissiveness for HCV. Thus, in this study we set out to determine which host factors are important for conferring permissiveness. To analyze the limited permissiveness of our Huh7 cells, 70 clones were obtained after single-cell cloning of parental Huh7 cells. The cloned Huh7 cells exhibited various levels of HCV pseudoparticles and JFH-1 virus infection efficiency, and some clones were not permissive. A subgenomic replicon was then transfected into the cloned Huh7 cells. While the replication efficiencies differed among the cloned Huh7 cells, these efficiencies did not correlate with infectious permissibility. Flow cytometry showed that CD81, scavenger receptor class B type I, and low-density-lipoprotein receptor expression on the cell surfaces of the Huh7 clones differed among the clones. Interestingly, we found that all of the permissive cell clones expressed CD81 while the nonpermissive cell clones did not. To confirm the importance of CD81 expression for HCV permissiveness, CD81 was then transiently and stably expressed on a nonpermissive Huh7 cell clone, which was consequently restored to HCV infection permissiveness. Furthermore, permissiveness was down-regulated upon transfection of CD81 silencing RNA into a CD81-positive cell clone. In conclusion, CD81 expression is an important determinant of HCV permissiveness of Huh7 cell clones harboring different characteristics.
Implementing support for work activity coordination within a distributed workflow system (1999)

There is growing interest in providing computer support for an organisation's business processes such as customer order processing, product support, stock taking and so forth. Workflow systems are normally used for this purpose to co-ordinate and monitor execution of multiple tasks arranged to form business processes. In this context, computer support for work activity co-ordination will be taken to mean tools and services made available to the employees of an organisation to enable them to carry out their tasks that form the part of these workflows. The paper illustrates how a transactional workflow system can be augmented with support for reliable management of worklists in an arbitrarily distributed environment. Ideally, the workflow enactment service should be neutral to the types of work activity coordination services to be made available to users. In this way, the needs of a wide variety of organisations can be supported by building organisation specific services. The approach taken here is to separate organisational aspects of workflow management from the workflow enactment service as much as possible.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Regulation and Functional Relevance of Milk Fat Globules and Their Components in the Mammary Gland (2006)

Mammary gland and epithelial cells are unique to mammals and are under the control of lactogenic hormones such as prolactin. Recent findings indicated that major components of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) are under the control of lactogenic hormones, and that the major components butyrophilin and xanthine oxidoreductase are indispensable for milk fat secretion. Further, prolactin signaling is negatively controlled by two highly related protein tyrosine phosphatases, PTP1B and TC-PTP. Milk fat globule EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) is one of the major components of MFGM and is upregulated during lactation. MFG-E8 is further upregulated in the involuting mammary gland. MFG-E8 on exosome-like membrane vesicles in the milk recovered from post-weaning but not lactating mammary glands exhibits higher binding activity to phosphatidylserine and apoptotic mammary epithelial cells, and serves as a link between apoptotic mammary epithelial cells and phagocytes. Recent reports using MFG-E8 deficient mice support the view that MFG-E8 is indispensable for eliminating apoptotic mammary epithelial cells during involution.
Venous thrombosis of the upper extremity: effect of blood group and coagulation factor levels on risk (2010)

Venous thrombosis of the upper extremity is a rare form of thrombosis, accounting for around 4% of all venous thromboses, and for which only a few risk factors are known. This case-control study investigated the effect of coagulation factors on risk of venous thrombosis of the upper extremity. Patients with venous thrombosis of the arm and partner controls were selected from the Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment study, a large population-based case-control study. Participants with a malignancy were excluded. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated for elevated levels of factor II, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, von Willebrand Factor (VWF), and fibrinogen, low levels of protein C, protein S, and antithrombin, and for blood group non-O. Substantially increased risks of venous thrombosis of the upper extremity were found for patients with high levels (above 90th percentile versus below) of factor VIII (OR: 4.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2-7.9), VWF (OR: 4.0, 95% CI: 2.1-7.8), fibrinogen (OR: 2.9, 95% CI, 1.5-5.7), and for blood group non-O compared to O (OR: 2.1, 95% CI, 1.3-3.6). The other factors were not associated with an increased risk. Elevated levels of several procoagulant factors are associated with a strongly increased risk of venous thrombosis of the upper extremity.
SiC/MCM-48 and SiC/SBA-15 Nanocomposite Materials (2004)

Silicon carbide (SiC) was infiltrated into the ordered mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-48 and SBA-15 using chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) of dimethyldichlorosilane (DDS) and hydrogen as the carrier gas. The infiltration process was followed ex situ using nitrogen physisorption measurements, small- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. For MCM-48, infiltration at lower temperatures (1023 K) affords a thin, X-ray amorphous, SiC-based coating on the inner surface of the molecular sieve and the pore size of the mesoporous host decreases from 2.4 nm into the micropore regime (<2 nm). At higher temperature (1163 K), the deposition of 20−30-nm sized β-SiC particles is observed on the outer surface of the mesoporous particles as a process competitive to the pore filling. The crystalline nanoparticles form a hard protective coating on the outer surface of the larger spherical MCM-48 particles resembling hedgehog-like core−shell...