gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy in studies of benign prostate and prostate cancer. A pilot study (2003)

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy has been applied to a study of prostate cancer cell lines derived from different metastatic sites and to tissue from benign prostate and Gleason-graded malignant prostate tissue. Paraffin-embedded tissue samples were analysed by FTIR, after mounting onto a BaF(2) plate and subsequent removal of wax using Citroclear followed by acetone. Cell lines were analysed as aliquots of cell suspension held between two BaF(2) plates. It was found that the ratio of peak areas at 1030 and 1080 cm(-1), corresponding to the glycogen and phosphate vibrations respectively, suggests a potential method for the differentiation of benign from malignant cells. The use of this ratio in association with FTIR spectral imaging provides a basis for estimating areas of malignant tissue within defined regions of a specimen. Initial chemometric treatment of FTIR spectra, using the linear discriminant algorithm, demonstrates a promising method for the classification of benign and malignant tissue and the separation of Gleason-graded CaP spectra. Using the principle component analysis, this study has achieved for the first time the separation of FTIR spectra of prostate cancer cell lines derived from different metastatic sites.
A new probabilistic scheme for information retrieval in hypertext (1995)

Abstract The aim of probabilistic models is to define a retrieval strategy within which documents can be optimally ranked according to their relevance probability, with respect to a given request. In this scheme, the underlying probabilities are estimated according to a history of past queries along with their relevance judgments. Having evolved over the last twenty years, these estimations allow us to take both document frequency and within-document frequency into account. In the current study, we suggest representing documents not only by index term vectors as proposed by previous probabilistic models but also by considering relevance hypertext links. These relationships, which provide additional evidence on document content, are established according to requests and relevance judgments, and may improve the ranking of the retrieved records, in a sequence most likely to fulfill user intent. Thus, to enhance retrieval effectiveness, our learning retrieval scheme should modify: (1) the weight assigned to each indexing term, (2) the importance attached of each search term, and (3) the relationships between documents. Using a simple additive scheme applied after a ranked list of documents has been determined, with the aid of a probabilistic retrieval strategy, our proposed solution is well suited to a hypertext system. Based on the CACM test collection which includes 3,204 documents and the CISI corpus (1,460 documents), we have built a hypertext and evaluated our proposed retrieval scheme. The retrieval effectiveness of this approach presents interesting results.
Closed-loop control of anaesthesia (2002)

Until now, most of these systems are still under development. The challenge is now to establish fully the safety, efficacy, reliability and utility of closed-loop anaesthesia for its adoption into the clinical setting. Besides the optimization of controlled variables and control models, these systems have to be tested in extreme circumstances.
Resveratrol suppresses body mass gain in a seasonal non-human primate model of obesity (2010)

These results suggest that in a non-human primate, resveratrol reduces body-mass gain by increasing satiety and resting metabolic rate, and by inhibiting torpor expression. The measured anorectic gut hormones did not seem to play a major role in these observations.
Novel Approaches to Inhibition of Gastric Acid Secretion (2010)

The gastric H,K-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) is the primary target for treatment of acid-related diseases. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are weak bases composed of two moieties, a substituted pyridine with a primary pK(a) of about 4.0 that allows selective accumulation in the secretory canaliculus of the parietal cell, and a benzimidazole with a second pK(a) of about 1.0. Protonation of this benzimidazole activates these prodrugs, converting them to sulfenic acids and/or sulfenamides that react covalently with one or more cysteines accessible from the luminal surface of the ATPase. The maximal pharmacodynamic effect of PPIs as a group relies on cyclic adenosine monophosphate-driven H,K-ATPase translocation from the cytoplasm to the canalicular membrane of the parietal cell. At present, this effect can only be achieved with protein meal stimulation. Because of covalent binding, inhibitory effects last much longer than their plasma half-life. However, the short dwell-time of the drug in the blood and the requirement for acid activation impair their efficacy in acid suppression, particularly at night. All PPIs give excellent healing of peptic ulcer and produce good, but less than satisfactory, results in reflux esophagitis. PPIs combined with antibiotics eradicate Helicobacter pylori, but success has fallen to less than 80%. Longer dwell-time PPIs promise to improve acid suppression and hence clinical outcome. Potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) are another class of ATPase inhibitors, and at least one is in development. The P-CAB under development has a long duration of action even though its binding is not covalent. PPIs with a longer dwell time or P-CABs with long duration promise to address unmet clinical needs arising from an inability to inhibit nighttime acid secretion, with continued symptoms, delayed healing, and growth suppression of H. pylori reducing susceptibility to clarithromycin and amoxicillin. Thus, novel and more effective suppression of acid secretion would benefit those who suffer from acid-related morbidity, continuing esophageal damage and pain, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced ulcers, and nonresponders to H. pylori eradication.
Acrylic Acid and Derivatives (2003)

Abstract Acrylic acid (propenoic acid) is prepared using acrolein from the catalytic oxidation of propylene. Acrylates are primarily used to prepare emulsion and solution polymers. The emulsion polymerization process provides high yields of polymers in a form suitable for a variety of applications. Acrylic acid is used in the form of esters. A large amount (80–85%) of raw materials is used in the manufacture of superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) and its salts are also used in detergents, water treatment, and dispersants. Solution polymers of acrylates are employed in the preparation of industrial coatings. The polymeric products share qualities of high resistance to chemical and environmental attack and attractive strength properties. Acrylic acid and its esters react readily with electrophilic, free‐radical, and nucleophilic agents.
Effect of Neuromuscular Electrical Muscle Stimulation on Energy Expenditure in Healthy Adults (2011)

Weight loss/weight control is a major concern in prevention of cardiovascular disease and the realm of health promotion. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) at different intensities on energy expenditure (oxygen and calories) in healthy adults. The secondary aim was to develop a generalized linear regression (GEE) model to predict the increase of energy expenditure facilitated by NMES and identify factors (NMES stimulation intensity level, age, body mass index, weight, body fat percentage, waist/hip ratio, and gender) associated with this NMES-induced increase of energy expenditure. Forty sedentary healthy adults (18 males and 22 females) participated. NMES was given at the following stimulation intensities for 10 minutes each: sensory level (E1), motor threshold (E2), and maximal intensity comfortably tolerated (E3). Cardiopulmonary gas exchange was evaluated during rest, NMES, and recovery stage. The results revealed that NMES at E2 and E3 significantly increased energy expenditure and the energy expenditure at recovery stage was still significantly higher than baseline. The GEE model demonstrated that a linear dose-response relationship existed between the stimulation intensity and the increase of energy expenditure. No subject's demographic or anthropometric characteristics tested were significantly associated with the increase of energy expenditure. This study suggested NMES may be used to serve as an additional intervention for weight loss programs. Future studies to develop electrical stimulators or stimulation electrodes to maximize the comfort of NMES are recommended.
Hand-Menu System: A Deviceless Virtual Input Interface For Wearable Computers (2006)

Abstract: Although research on wearable computing is in fashion, few researches pay attentions on interface of wearable computers. This paper presents “Hand-Menu ” System”, an innovative input interface suitable for wearable computers, utilizing augmented realty techniques. Users can handle wearable computers by clicking a menu activated simply activated with exposed hand with another hand. As Hand-Menu is a “Deviceless ” hand I/O interface, Hand-Menu is instant, place-independent and intuitive interface. Additionally, solidity on virtual menu given by tactile feedback from real finger used as a clicking target promotes users ’ reliability of Hand-Menu.
<title>Electrical properties of polycrystalline mercuric iodide x-ray detectors</title> (2001)

New results for polycrystalline HgI2 detectors are reported here. Due to its decent electrical properties and high stopping power for X-rays and gamma rays, HgI<SUB>2</SUB> is a good candidate for many medical imaging applications. HgI<SUB>2</SUB> were deposited by a hot wall Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) method, and the electrical properties of the films, including X-ray response and dark current data are reported. Results of imaging capabilities and spatial resolution obtained by polycrystalline HgI<SUB>2</SUB> deposited onto a 2'x2' TFT imaging array on an amorphous silicon substrate are also given. These tests were carried out at Xerox-PARC Research Center.
Augmentation of Human and Rat Lenticular Glutathione in Vitro by Prodrugs of γ-<scp>l</scp>-Glutamyl-<scp>l</scp>-cysteine (1996)

A marked age-related decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels as well as depression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity are factors that are believed to render the aged lens more susceptible to oxidative stress and, therefore, to cataractogenesis. Providing gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine, the dipeptide precursor of GSH, would effectively bypass the compromised first step in its biosynthesis and should protect the lens from GSH depletion. Accordingly, some bioreversible sulfhydryl-, amino-, and C-terminal carboxyl-protected prodrug forms of this dipeptide were prepared. Sulfhydryl protection was in the form of an acetyl thioester, while the carboxyl group was protected as the ethyl ester. These prodrugs were evaluated for their GSH-enhancing activity in cultured human and rat lenses in vitro using an assay that measured the incorporation of [14C]glycine into lens GSH. Ethyl S-acetyl-gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinate (2) raised GSH levels in human lenses by 25% and in rat lenses by >150%. These data suggest that 2 may have potential as an anticataract agent since ethyl gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteinate (1a), the des-S-acetyl analog of 2, had been shown (by others) to protect against experimental rodent cataracts. GSH augmentation by 1a was 2% in human lenses and 25% in rat lenses, considerably less than that shown by 2.
Blindness From Retrobulbar Injection into the Optic Nerve (1986)

We report two patients with marked visual loss due to injection within the optic nerve sheath. Findings included severe visual loss, optic disc edema, retinal edema, and intraretinal, preretinal, and vitreous hemorrhage. A review of similar cases in the literature reveals a common but ill-advised use of sharp retrobulbar needles with the technique of retrobulbar injection described by Atkinson. A modified technique which limits the risk of optic nerve trauma is described.
Layer-Structured Copper Antimony Chalcogenides (CuSbSe<sub><i>x</i></sub>S<sub>2–<i>x</i></sub>): Stable Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors (2014)

The ever-growing need for energy generation and storage applications demands development of materials with high performance and long-term stability. A sizable number of chalcogenide-based materials have been investigated for supercapacitor applications. Layer-structured chalcogenides are advantageous in terms of providing large surface area with good ionic conductivity and ability to host a variety of atoms or ions between the layers. CuSbS2 is a ternary layered chalcogenide material that is composed of earth abundant and less-toxic elements. For the first time, we have developed a simple colloidal method for the synthesis of CuSbSexS2–x mesocrystals over the whole composition range (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) by substitution of S with Se. Our approach yields mesocrystals with belt-like morphology for all the compositions. X-ray diffraction results show that substitution of sulfur with selenium in CuSbS2 enables tuning the width of the interlayer gap between the layers. To investigate the suitability of CuSbSexS2–x mesocrystals for supercapacitor applications, we have carried out electrochemical measurements by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements in 3 M KOH, NaOH and LiOH electrolytes. Our investigations reveal that the mesocrystals exhibit promising specific capacitance values with excellent cyclic stability. The unique properties of CuSbSexS2–x mesocrystals make them attractive both for solar energy conversion and energy storage applications.
A generic framework for high-level adaptive program optimization (2001)

Compile-time optimization is often limited by a lack of target machine and input data set knowledge. Without this information, compilers may be forced to make conservative assumptions to preserve correctness and to avoid performance degradation. In order to cope with this lack of information at compile-time, adaptive and dynamic systems can be used to perform optimization at runtime when complete knowledge of input and machine parameters is available. This work presents a compiler-supported high-level adaptive optimization system, ADAPT. Users describe, in a domain specific language, optimizations performed by stand-alone optimization tools and backend compiler flags, as well as heuristics for applying these optimizations dynamically at runtime. The ADAPT compiler reads these descriptions and generates application-specific runtime systems to apply the heuristics. To facilitate the usage of existing tools and compilers, overheads are minimized by decoupling optimization from execution. Our system, ADAPT, supports a range of paradigms including dynamic compilation, parameterization and runtime sampling. An overview of the system is presented, an analytical model for qualitative comparison to other approaches is developed, the domain-specific language ADAPT Language (AL) is defined, the design and implementation of a prototype system is de scribed, and this prototype is evaluated by applying several optimization techniques to a suite of benchmarks on two target machines. ADAPT is shown to consistently outperform statically generated executables, improving performance by as much as 70%.
Measurements on the Stimulated Raman Effect in H2 in Terms of Laser Oscillator and Amplifier Theories (1968)

The growth of Raman-shifted Stokes radiation as a function of various parameters, (such as laser pump power, cavity reflectivity, etc.) has been studied in H2, a nonbeam trapping medium. It is demonstrated that growth of the Stokes converted output follows normal laser-oscillator dynamics. On this basis the previously observed ``anomalous'' gain which is not associated with beam trapping can be explained. If a strong external Stokes signal is injected, the Raman converting medium acts as an amplifier until the laser pump power achieves an intensity sufficient to produce oscillations at the Stokes frequency. The growth of Stokes radiation was examined under dispersive conditions such that anti-Stokes radiation was not produced, thus lending itself to a straightforward rate-theory type of analysis.
Wolf-Hirschhorn locus is distal to D4S10 on short arm of chromosome 4. (1987)

We report a family in which Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome in two children with partial monosomy of the short arm of chromosome 4 is the result of unbalanced segregation of a reciprocal 4;12 translocation in the mother. Studies with the DNA probe G8 show that the translocation breakpoint in this family is distal to the D4S10 locus. Previously reported cases of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome have involved the deletion of D4S10. These observations may prove helpful in the search for better genetic markers for Huntington's chorea, which maps close to D4S10.
Automatic induction of LISP functions (1974)

A program that infers and codes the LISP function naturally intended by a single input-output pair (sample computation) is described. The program uses a knowledge of LISP programming and an extended LISP system to develop and test hypotheses about the function. The program is written in POPCORN, a POP2 implementation of many of the ideas embedded in CONNIVER.
Impedance Identification Procedure of Three-Phase Balanced Voltage Source Inverters Based on Transient Response Measurements (2011)

Impedance-based models are commonly used to perform system-level stability analysis of distributed power systems. In this paper, a new impedance identification procedure for three-phase balanced voltage source inverters voltage source inverters (VSIs) is proposed. This procedure is based on the transient response of the inverter to simple passive load step tests. Transfer function models are obtained from the transient response by means of a well-established and easy to use identification algorithm. The performance of the proposal is validated through both simulation and experimental results obtained on VSIs for aircraft applications.
Preparation and Characterization of a Molecularly Imprinted Microgel for Electrochemical Sensing of 2,4,6‐Trichlorophenol (2010)

Abstract This article describes the synthesis and characterization of a catalytic 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol molecularly imprinted microgel that could replace a natural chloroperoxidase to develop electrochemical sensors. This polymer exhibits an apparent mean particle size of 1–4 µm and high porosity, and mimics the dehalogenative function of the natural enzyme chloroperoxidase for p ‐halophenols. Two strategies were explored: a carbon paste modified with the polymer and the drop‐coating of screen‐printed electrodes with powder suspensions of the polymer and carbon nanotubes. With this last design, TCP concentrations above 25 µM could be detected. The sensor developed this way could be used for environmental waste screening.
Control flow and data structure documentation (1982)

Two experiments were carried out to assess the utility of external documentation aids such as macro flowcharts, pseudocode, data structure diagrams, and data structure descriptions. A 223 line Pascal program which manipulates four arrays was used. The program interactively handles commands that allow the user to manage five lists of items. A comprehension test was given to participants along with varying kinds of external documentation. The results indicate that for this program the data structure information was more helpful than the control flow information, independently of whether textual or graphic formats were used.
Hydrophilically patterned superhydrophobic cotton fabrics and their use in ink printing (2014)

Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-<italic>block</italic>-poly[2-(cinnamoyloxy)ethyl acrylate], (PDMS-<italic>b</italic>-PCEA), has been synthesized and used to pattern-coat cotton fabrics.
Structures of peptide-free and partially loaded MHC class I molecules reveal mechanisms of peptide selection (2020)

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecules selectively bind peptides for presentation to cytotoxic T cells. The peptide-free state of these molecules is not well understood. Here, we characterize a disulfide-stabilized version of the human class I molecule HLA-A*02:01 that is stable in the absence of peptide and can readily exchange cognate peptides. We present X-ray crystal structures of the peptide-free state of HLA-A*02:01, together with structures that have dipeptides bound in the A and F pockets. These structural snapshots reveal that the amino acid side chains lining the binding pockets switch in a coordinated fashion between a peptide-free unlocked state and a peptide-bound locked state. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the opening and closing of the F pocket affects peptide ligand conformations in adjacent binding pockets. We propose that peptide binding is co-determined by synergy between the binding pockets of the MHC molecule.
Narrow-linewidth laser with a prism grating/GRIN rod lens combination serving as external cavity (1987)

An external cavity laser transmitter module with only 20 mm cavity length is presented. A prism grating is used as a frequency-selective reflector. The coupling element between the laser diode and the prism grating is a permanently attached GRIN rod lens. Linewidths below 500 kHz at an output power of approximately 2mW have been reached with this compact set-up.
A serial-parallel multiplier using the NENDEP technology (1977)

A 12-bit serial-parallel multiplier has been integrated in the NENDEP technology. The features of a logic circuit using dynamic two-phase ratioed logic, combined with depletion load devices, are described. The basic cell structure of the multiplier, which accepts both positive and negative numbers represented in the two's complement code, is given. Next the performance of the 12-bit multiplier is reported. The circuit operates at a frequency of 5 MHz with a 5-V supply and 0- to 12-V clock signals. Inputs and output are directly TTL-compatible. At higher voltages clock rates up to 7 MHz are allowed.
Some Results Concerning Data Routing in Array Processors (1980)

Some properties of k-dimensional cyclic networks are derived and used to give some algorithmic timings for the transposition of rectangular sets of data in an array processor's memory. General results are produced which can be applied to ICL's distributed array processor (DAP).
Ultramicro Chemical Analysis of Blood Glucose with Glucose Oxidase (1959)

Journal Article Ultramicro Chemical Analysis of Blood Glucose with Glucose Oxidase Get access Leo P. Cawley, M.D., Leo P. Cawley, M.D. 1Division of Special Chemistry of the Department of Pathology, Wesley Hospital, Wichita, Kansas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Francis E. Spear, B.A., Chem. (ASCP), Francis E. Spear, B.A., Chem. (ASCP) 1Division of Special Chemistry of the Department of Pathology, Wesley Hospital, Wichita, Kansas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Roberta Kendall, M.T. (ASCP) Roberta Kendall, M.T. (ASCP) 1Division of Special Chemistry of the Department of Pathology, Wesley Hospital, Wichita, Kansas Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 32, Issue 2_ts, August 1959, Pages 195–200, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/32.2_ts.195 Published: 01 August 1959 Article history Received: 18 October 1958 Revision received: 30 March 1959 Accepted: 08 April 1959 Published: 01 August 1959