gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interplay between antibacterial effectors: A macrophage antimicrobial peptide impairs intracellular <i>Salmonella</i> replication (2004)

Antimicrobial peptides have established an important role in the defense against extracellular infections, but the expression of cationic peptides within macrophages as an antibacterial effector mechanism against intracellular pathogens has not been demonstrated. Macrophage expression of the murine cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) was increased after infection by the intracellular pathogen Salmonella typhimurium, and this increase required reactive oxygen intermediates. By using CRAMP-deficient mice or synthetic CRAMP peptide, we found that CRAMP impaired Salmonella cell division in vivo and in vitro, resulting in long filamentous bacteria. This impaired bacterial cell division also depended on intracellular elastase-like serine protease activity, which can proteolytically activate cathelicidins. Macrophage serine protease activity induced filamentation and enhanced the activity of CRAMP in vitro. A peptide-sensitive Salmonella mutant showed enhanced survival within macrophages derived from CRAMP-deficient mice, indicating that Salmonella can sense and respond to cationic peptides in the intracellular environment. Although cationic peptides have been hypothesized to have activity against pathogens within macrophages, this work provides experimental evidence that the antimicrobial arsenal of macrophages includes cathelicidins. These results show that intracellular reactive oxygen intermediates and proteases regulate macrophage CRAMP expression and activity to impair the replication of an intracellular bacterial pathogen, and they highlight the cooperativity between macrophage antibacterial effectors.
An efficient, low-complexity audio coder delivering multiple levels of quality for interactive applications (2002)

This paper proposes an efficient, low complexity audio coder based on the SPIHT (set partitioning in hierarchical trees) coding algorithm , which has achieved notable success in still image coding. A wavelet packet transform is used to decompose the audio signal into 29 frequency subbands corresponding roughly to the critical subbands of the human auditory system. A psychoacoustic model, which, for simplicity, is based on MPEG model I, is used to calculate the signal to mask ratio, and then calculate the bit rate allocation among subbands. We distinguish the subbands into two groups: the low frequency group which contains the first 17 subbands corresponding to 0-3.4 kHz, and the high frequency group which contains the remaining high frequency subbands. The SPIHT algorithm is used to encode and decode the low frequency group and a reverse sorting process plus arithmetic coding algorithm is used to encode and decode the high frequency group. The experiment shows that this coder yields nearly transparent quality at bit rates 55-66 kbits/sec, and degrades only gradually at lower rates. The low complexity of this coding system shows its potential for interactive applications with levels of quality from good to perceptually transparent.
Characterization of silicon isotropic etch by inductively coupled plasma etcher for microneedle array fabrication (2006)

10.1088/1742-6596/34/1/188
St. John Long (1942)

St. John Long Get access A. C. E. A. C. E. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 182, Issue 24, 13 June 1942, Pages 332–333, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/182.24.332a Published: 13 June 1942
Biochemical, histochemical, and immunohistochemical characterization of distal tibial osteochondrosis in horses (1997)

OC cartilage lesions of the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia in horses are biochemically, histochemically, and immunohistochemically distinct from normal cartilage from the same location. Results may reflect the inability of the chondrocyte of the developing joint to alter matrix components that would allow proper maturation and differentiation into bone.
Cloning and Functional Expression of a Thyrotropin Receptor cDNA from Rat Fat Cells (1995)

Thyrotropin receptor (TSH-R) has been thought to be thyroid-specific, but, by Northern blot analysis, we found that rat adipose tissue expressed TSH-R mRNAs in amounts approaching those in the thyroid. To investigate the function of TSH-R from adipose tissue, we screened a rat fat cell lambda gt11 cDNA library for TSH-R sequences using a 32P-labeled rat thyroid TSH-R cDNA as a probe. Among 10(6) plaques, we obtained four positive clones. Sequencing of these cDNAs has revealed that two of them (F alpha and F beta) contained both initiation and termination codons. Comparison of F alpha with the thyroid TSH-R cDNA sequence revealed that F alpha was almost identical to the thyroid TSH-R, except that nucleotides 1041 and 1277 were changed from A to G and from C to T, respectively. In contrast, we found that F beta contained 21 novel nucleotides between nucleotides 467 and 468 of the thyroid TSH-R cDNA, encoding an additional 7 amino acids. However, when we prepared mRNA from adipose tissue and transcribed it into cDNA, we failed to amplify the F beta type of TSH-R cDNA by polymerase chain reaction, suggesting that F beta mRNAs are rare in the tissue. We then ligated F cDNAs into pSG5 and transfected them with pSV2-neo into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells. TSH stimulated cAMP formation in CHO-F alpha cells in a manner similar to that in CHO cells transfected with thyroid TSH-R cDNA. In contrast, no increase of cAMP was observed in CHO-F beta cells. IgG from patients with Graves' disease (n = 4) showed thyroid-stimulating antibody activity only in CHO-F alpha cells (1288-4582%). In addition, CHO-F alpha cells and CHO cells transfected with thyroid TSH-R showed similar 125I-TSH binding activity. These results indicate that the fat cell expresses high levels of a TSH-R whose function is indistinguishable from that in the thyroid and suggest that the TSH-R autoantibody plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the extrathyroidal manifestations of Graves' disease.
Separation of Chloride Isotopes by Capillary Electrophoresis Based on the Isotope Effect on Ion Mobility (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSeparation of Chloride Isotopes by Capillary Electrophoresis Based on the Isotope Effect on Ion MobilityCharles A. Lucy and Tracey L. McDonaldCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 6, 1074–1078Publication Date (Print):March 15, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00102a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00102a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views505Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human cancer cell lines express a negative transcriptional regulator of the interferon regulatory factor family of DNA binding proteins. (1994)

Members of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family of DNA binding transcription factors have roles in growth regulation, antiviral responses, and transcriptional induction of interferon (IFN)-activated early response genes. The IRF family member ISGF3 gamma is the DNA binding component of IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), a multicomponent complex responsible for the stimulation of IFN-alpha-responsive genes. IFN-alpha-stimulated formation of ISGF3 and subsequent gene expression can be inhibited by phorbol esters or expression of the adenovirus E1A protein. We have investigated IFN signaling in human malignant tumor cell lines of the lung, colon, ovary, cervix, and hematopoietic organs and found some of these cells to be defective for IFN-alpha-induced formation of ISGF3. In many cases, an inhibitory activity termed transcriptional knockout (TKO) correlated with nonresponsiveness. TKO purified from a human papillomavirus-negative cervical carcinoma cell line has a molecular size of 19 kDa. The purified protein interacted with the ISGF3 gamma component of ISGF3, preventing binding of ISGF3 to DNA. Purified TKO displaced ISGF3 from its DNA binding site in vitro and prevented ISGF3 gamma, IRF-1, and IRF-2 from interacting with the IFN-stimulated response element. Partially purified TKO can also directly interact with ISGF3 gamma in the absence of DNA. This protein may be involved with the development of malignancies and the inability of IFN to exert its antiproliferative and antiviral effects.
Low temperature reactive ion etching of silicon with SF6/O2 plasmas (1997)

An investigation of low temperature reactive ion etching of silicon to produce ultrasmall structures is presented. Etching was performed between 10–100 mTorr with SF6/O2 plasmas. The silicon samples were cooled using liquid nitrogen, allowing the temperature to be controlled over the range of +25 to −120 °C. With a flow rate of 1 sccm of SF6 and sample temperatures below −85 °C the etch produces nearly anisotropic etching in agreement with predictions of the reactive spot model. At higher flow rates etching produced facetted features indicating higher chemical reactivity of the plasma with the silicon. With the addition of O2 to the plasma the facetting became even more pronounced.
Inside CORBA : CORBAとそのシステム開発への応用 (1998)

第１部 ＣＯＲＢＡ概要（ＣＯＲＢＡの背景とその概略） 第２部 ＣＯＲＢＡ標準の概説（ＣＯＲＢＡインタフェース定義言語（ＩＤＬ）；ＣＯＲＢＡ２標準；ＣＯＲＢＡサービス；ＣＯＲＢＡファシリティとＣＯＲＢＡドメイン） 第３部 ＣＯＲＢＡを用いたシステムインテグレーション（他の分散コンピューティング技術との関係；ＣＯＲＢＡ環境への移行プロセス；ＣＯＲＢＡとソフトウェアアーキテクチャ；ソフトウェアアーキテクチャを用いたアプリケーション設計；ＣＯＲＢＡ環境への移行）
The intracellular teichoic acid from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> H (1963)

Staphylococcus aureus H contains in its wall a large amount of a ribitol teichoic acid in which each of the eight D-ribitol 5-phosphate units
Secure remittance transaction to bankless consumers in a fragmented applications market (2011)

This paper proposes a novel electronic monetary transaction scheme that provides secure access to a set of mobile payment services for “unbanked” consumers equipped with mobile handsets. It considers a realistic scenario of a remittance service, i.e., a user-to-user transfer of funds, in which users do not necessarily trust intermediate parties (called agents) or their infrastructures and therefore require end-to-end security and privacy protection. Since the payment solutions market is very fragmented, we also assume that users and agents are subscribed to different payment solution providers. The paper proposes a holistic approach to securing payment services by focusing on securing the transaction rather than requiring users to authenticate with unknown agent infrastructures and by using a mechanism of delegation of trust. It also proposes a novel security approach for securing payment transactions over insecure communication channels based on the Identity Based Authenticated Key Exchange (IBAKE).
Differentiation Between Normal and Cancerous Cells at the Single Cell Level Using 3-D Electrode Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (2011)

A novel microdevice for electrical impedance spectroscopy is presented to differentiate between normal and cancerous cells at the single cell level with a high sensitivity. The device utilizes a microfluidic tunnel structure, whose height is smaller than the cell diameters, to squeeze the target cells. Thus, the tight contact between the cells and electrodes allows the device to measure the intrinsic electrical properties of the cells with a higher sensitivity than through noncontact methods. Three-dimensional interdigitated electrodes (3-D IDE) are also employed to confine most of the electric field into the cell membrane, which contains the meaningful electrical properties. Consequently, the variance of the measured values could be reduced because the position of target cells is almost the same in every cell assay. The device well distinguishes normal human breast cells (MCF-10A) from early-stage human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) by means of electrical impedances at 500 kHz; the average differences of the real part and phase angle between the target cells are 44.4 and 1.41 , respectively. The proposed device also shows a high repeatability for the deionized (DI) water test conducted before and after each cell assay; the variances of the real part and phase angle of electrical impedance at 500 kHz are as small as 9.07 and 0.27 , respectively.
Wearable devices for remote vital signs monitoring in the outpatient setting: an overview of the field (2020)

Early detection of physiological deterioration has been shown to improve patient outcomes. Due to recent improvements in technology, comprehensive outpatient vital signs monitoring is now possible. This is the first review to collate information on all wearable devices on the market for outpatient physiological monitoring. A scoping review was undertaken. The monitors reviewed were limited to those that can function in the outpatient setting with minimal restrictions on the patient’s normal lifestyle, while measuring any or all of the vital signs: heart rate, ECG, oxygen saturation, respiration rate, blood pressure and temperature. A total of 270 papers were included in the review. Thirty wearable monitors were examined: 6 patches, 3 clothing-based monitors, 4 chest straps, 2 upper arm bands and 15 wristbands. The monitoring of vital signs in the outpatient setting is a developing field with differing levels of evidence for each monitor. The most common clinical application was heart rate monitoring. Blood pressure and oxygen saturation measurements were the least common applications. There is a need for clinical validation studies in the outpatient setting to prove the potential of many of the monitors identified. Research in this area is in its infancy. Future research should look at aggregating the results of validity and reliability and patient outcome studies for each monitor and between different devices. This would provide a more holistic overview of the potential for the clinical use of each device.
Characterization of the Mechanism of Regulation of Ca2+/ Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase I by Calmodulin and by Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase Kinase (1998)

Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I (CaMKI) is maintained in an autoinhibited state by the interaction of a COOH-terminal helix-loop-helix (Ile286-Met316) regulatory domain with the catalytic core. Activation of the enzyme by calmodulin (CaM) also allows CaMKI to be phosphorylated and activated by a second enzyme, CaMK kinase (CaMKK). To more thoroughly characterize the regulation of CaMKI by CaM and its interrelationship with phosphorylation by CaMKK, we have carried out a detailed structure-function analysis using recombinant wild-type (WT) and mutant forms of CaMKI and CaMKK. CaMKI-WT, in the absence of CaM, or CaMKI-299 and CaMKI-298 were autoinhibited and could not be phosphorylated by CaMKK-433 (a truncated constitutively active form of CaMKK). Removal of Phe298 (CaMK-297) generated a constitutively active form of CaMKI that was also phosphorylated by CaMKK-433. CaMKI-WT was essentially inactive in the absence of CaM (K0.5 for activation by CaM approximately 30 nM). Mutation of Ile294 and Phe298 to alanine (CaMKI-2A) resulted in measurable basal enzyme activity. Additional mutation of Ile286 and Val290 to alanine (CaMKI-4A) increased this basal activity. Mutation of Trp303 (CaMKI-W303S) resulted in a large increase in the K0.5 for CaM ( approximately 100 microM), supporting a role for this residue as an initial target for CaM. Mutation of Phe307 (CaMKI-F307A) resulted in increased basal enzyme activity, supporting a role for this residue in autoinhibition of CaMKI. Together these studies demonstrate the critical role of specific amino acids in the autoinhibition of CaMKI and also in its activation by CaM and phosphorylation by CaMKK.
Parallelization of Genetic Algorithm with Sexual Selection (2003)

We propose a parallel genetic algorithm with sexual selection. In genetic algorithms with sexual selection with one population, females keep their traits around local optima by using lower mutation rate than males’ one, while males change their traits actively. When a runaway process takes place, the transitions of males’ traits are biased toward a certain direction which is decided by the bias of females’ preferences. If the population size is large, the search converges quickly. The large population size, however, causes the decrease of the search performance. In the proposed method with parallelization, the population size of each sub-population is kept adequately, and each sub-population searches its own direction of evolution independently. As a result, the proposed method makes a search converge quickly because the runaway process which leads to the intermittent evolution tends to take place more quickly than one population model. We applied the proposed method to some test problems. In these problems, while the performance of conventional genetic algorithms decreased by parallelization, the proposed method revealed better performance by parallelization. Moreover, the performance of the proposed method was better than the ones of conventional methods. This availability of parallelization is characteristic of the sexual selection.
Correlation of Heavy and Light Chain mRNA Copy Numbers to Antibody Productivity in Mouse Myeloma Production Cell Lines (2006)

Manufacturing cell line development at Centocor involves transfection of antibody genes into host cell lines and isolating primary transfectomas that upon subcloning yield high expressing cell lines for the desired antibody. In an attempt to increase productivity of these cell lines, we set out to identify the rate-limiting step in the process of antibody expression and secretion. For this purpose, 30 antibody expressing cell lines with variable antibody expression levels were analyzed for heavy-chain and light-chain mRNA expression levels. Results suggested that the increase in antibody titer of the subclones (compared to their primary clones) was partly due to an increase in heavy-chain and light-chain mRNA levels; higher expressers were associated with approximately 1.0 x 10(7) and 1.5 x 10(7) copies of heavy-chain and light-chain per 10 nanogram of cDNA, respectively. Generally, the level of light-chain mRNA was higher compared to the level of heavy-chain mRNA in a majority of the cell lines, and the difference in their levels was not due to their differential stability. The data generated from all the cell lines tested in this study suggested that there was a correlation of light-chain and heavy-chain transcript levels to antibody productivity, with the coefficient of correlation being 0.59 for light chain and 0.81 for heavy chain. We conclude that transcription of heavy chain and to a lesser extent light chain could be one of the rate-limiting steps in the antibody expression pathway. Hence, methods that would increase these mRNA levels could be beneficial in the attempt to improve the antibody expression level of production cell lines.
The Impact of Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (HPV; Types 6, 11, 16, and 18) L1 Virus‐Like Particle Vaccine on Infection and Disease Due to Oncogenic Nonvaccine HPV Types in Sexually Active Women Aged 16–26 Years (2009)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT00092521 , NCT00092534 , and NCT00092482.
A Martingale Approach and Time-Consistent Sampling-based Algorithms for Risk Management in Stochastic Optimal Control (2016)

Abstract—In this paper, we consider a class of stochastic optimal control problems with risk constraints that are ex-pressed as bounded probabilities of failure for particular initial states. We present here a martingale approach that diffuses a risk constraint into a martingale to construct time-consistent control policies. The martingale stands for the level of risk tolerance over time. By augmenting the system dynamics with the controlled martingale, the original risk-constrained problem is transformed into a stochastic target problem. We extend the incremental Markov Decision Process (iMDP) algorithm to approximate arbitrarily well an optimal feedback policy of the original problem by sampling in the augmented state space and computing proper boundary conditions for the reformulated problem. We show that the algorithm is both probabilistically sound and asymptotically optimal. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated on motion planning and control problems subject to bounded probability of collision in uncertain cluttered environments. I.
Multi-Sensor Fusion based Target Detection using EO/ SAR (2014)

Multi-sensor data fusion can increase the target detection probability in the rapidly changing environment of the UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) surveillance system. In this paper, Decision level sensor fusion technique using both EO (Electro Optical) and SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images is proposed for improving the target detection probability compared to the case of the conventional single sensor. The proposed fusion algorithm requires the same sets of EO and SAR image, separately taken from the same scene at the same time. After sensor level target detection, the decision level fusion is performed for the combined target detection. As a result, the number of false alarms per imaging area (km(exp 2)) is significantly reduced down to 14~23% compared to the case of an individual sensor, while the probability of target detection is well maintained up to 85%. This technique can be effectively used for the application of the UAV surveillance systems.
La irresponsabilidad patrimonial de la Administración de Justicia: el Ancien Régime aún persiste en el siglo XXI (2012)

La Administracion de Justicia solo responde patrimonialmente por danos y perjuicios causados por su «anormal funcionamiento», por «error judicial» o, en el orden penal al que especialmente se refiere este articulo, por prision preventiva padecida y seguida de absolucion o sobreseimiento, precisando ademas el segundo de los supuestos �y el primero de un tramite equivalente� de una declaracion previa de la propia administracion reconociendo su error. Si se compara este ambito de irresponsabilidad con lo previsto para las restantes Administraciones publicas, que responden por su «normal o anormal funcionamiento», se llega a la conclusion de que la Administracion de Justicia goza de un privilegiado «blindaje» frente a la indemnizacion de los abundantes agravios indebidos y evitables que causa a los ciudadanos. Semejante privilegio hunde sus raices hasta el siglo XVIII y sustenta la arcaica «maiestas» de esta Administracion que provoca, en muchos casos, que los justiciables y demas ciudadanos afectados se sientan «subordinados» cuando no humillados ante un Poder publico que deberia estar a su servicio como titulares de derechos, contribuyentes y centro del orden politico. En este articulo se describe la situacion actual y se reclama la erradicacion de este arcaismo.