gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
가로경관의 완충녹지 과밀도 조사 분석에 관한 연구-원주시 로아노크 가로를 중심으로- (2014)

This study investigated the extent and density of plantings, and tried to calculate the legal and weighted volume of trees, to consider the potential for recycling the overcrowded trees on Wonju-si's green streetscape buffer. Using a standard weighted calculation, this study considers the possibility of recycling trees from overcrowded green buffer zones, by identifying trees suitable for recycling and so transplanting. To conduct this study, three plots in a green buffer along the side of a housing site created in 2001 were judged as bring the most overcrowded among existing Wonju-si's green buffers. In addition, this study calculated the tree densities per unit area. This study estimated weighted values using a large pole, on the basis of a standard amount, compared to the current landscape standard. This study then estimated the appropriate number of trees for the area, by comparing the tree densities to a standard landscape and calculated the number of trees that could be transplanted. This information could be used to secure the financial integrity of a local autonomous entity, and could improve the rate at which green spaces and parks are created, while reducing annual maintenance costs. This study aims to suggest a way for securing the finances needed to achieve the effective creation of green spaces.
Surface tension and its role for vertical wet etching of silicon (2012)

In this paper, we present for the first time a systematic investigation of the role of the surface tension in anisotropic wet etching of silicon, focusing on the sidewall angle. We show that in the KOH and NaOH solutions with high surface tension a reliable fabrication of vertical sidewalls is possible. Etching experiments on (1 0 0)-Si and surface tension measurements via bubble pressure tensiometry were conducted using inorganic etchants in a wide range of concentrations. Finally, the surface tension of the etching solutions was identified as an important quantity that determined the etching behavior, while concentration dependences were eliminated by controlling the surface tension using temperature.
Second harmonic generation from the top of an Au-coated tip via a tapered fiber coupled microsphere resonator (2012)

The efficient coupling of light from a tapered fiber coupled microsphere resonator to localized surface plasmon modes of Au-coated tip was demonstrated. To verify efficient localized surface plasmon excitation at the metal tip via a tapered fiber coupled microsphere resonator, we measured second harmonic generation from the top of Au-coated tip. From the results, in spite of a weak CW excitation, we succeeded in repeatedly observing SHG from the top of the Au-coated tip via a tapered fiber coupled microsphere resonator system, which could focus the light with the coupling efficiency of about 63.2 % into the nanoscale domain of the metal tip with the effective cross section of 358.2 nm<sup>2</sup>.
Sn-Doped Hematite Nanostructures for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting (2011)

We report on the synthesis and characterization of Sn-doped hematite nanowires and nanocorals as well as their implementation as photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting. The hematite nanowires were prepared on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate by a hydrothermal method, followed by high temperature sintering in air to incorporate Sn, diffused from the FTO substrate, as a dopant. Sn-doped hematite nanocorals were prepared by the same method, by adding tin(IV) chloride as the Sn precursor. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirms Sn(4+) substitution at Fe(3+) sites in hematite, and Sn-dopant levels increase with sintering temperature. Sn dopant serves as an electron donor and increases the carrier density of hematite nanostructures. The hematite nanowires sintered at 800 °C yielded a pronounced photocurrent density of 1.24 mA/cm(2) at 1.23 V vs RHE, which is the highest value observed for hematite nanowires. In comparison to nanowires, Sn-doped hematite nanocorals exhibit smaller feature sizes and increased surface areas. Significantly, they showed a remarkable photocurrent density of 1.86 mA/cm(2) at 1.23 V vs RHE, which is approximately 1.5 times higher than that of the nanowires. Ultrafast spectroscopy studies revealed that there is significant electron-hole recombination within the first few picoseconds, while Sn doping and the change of surface morphology have no major effect on the ultrafast dynamics of the charge carriers on the picosecond time scales. The enhanced photoactivity in Sn-doped hematite nanostructures should be due to the improved electrical conductivity and increased surface area.
Antitumor Effect of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker Losartan for Orthotopic Rat Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (2014)

The results of this study indicate that combined treatment with gemcitabine and losartan significantly improved the survival of rats with orthotopic pancreatic cancer by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor synthesis and suppressing cancer cell proliferation via AT1 receptor blockade. Thus, an AT1 receptor blocker in combination with gemcitabine might improve the clinical outcomes of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.
Macropore- and Micropore-Dominated Carbon Derived from Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Polyvinylpyrrolidone for Supercapacitor and Capacitive Deionization (2017)

We developed a kind of macropore- and micropore-dominated carbon (HPAC) derived from poly(vinyl alcohol) and polyvinylpyrrolidone for electric double-layer capacitive (EDLC) applications, e.g., supercapacitors and capacitive deionization (CDI). By comparing the EDLC performance of HPAC with those of ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) and commercial activated carbon (AC), we evaluated the pore size effects. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was employed for static and flowing CDI processes to identify the disparities between supercapacitors and CDI. HPAC exhibits a specific capacitance of 309 F g–1 at a specific current of 0.5 A g–1 (6 M KOH) in a three-electrode half-cell and has a salt removal capacity of 16.3 mg g–1 (1.2 V, 500 mg L–1 NaCl), which is better than those of AC and OMC. Cycling tests of HPAC in supercapacitors and CDI show excellent stability. The properties of HPAC, fine, hydrophilic, macroporous, and microporous, endow HPAC with the promising possibility of use in supercapacitors and capacitive deionization. The disparities of supercapacitors and CDI include ionic species and concentrations and solution hydromechanics. CV analysis of static and flowing CDI equipped with HPAC electrodes suggests that increasing the salt concentration in CDI is beneficial for the carbon electrode to show high capacitance and to reduce the pumping energy during the CDI process.
Regulation of Intestinal IgA Responses by Dietary Palmitic Acid and Its Metabolism (2014)

Enhancement of intestinal IgA responses is a primary strategy in the development of oral vaccine. Dietary fatty acids are known to regulate host immune responses. In this study, we show that dietary palmitic acid (PA) and its metabolites enhance intestinal IgA responses. Intestinal IgA production was increased in mice maintained on a PA-enriched diet. These mice also showed increased intestinal IgA responses against orally immunized Ag, without any effect on serum Ab responses. We found that PA directly stimulates plasma cells to produce Ab. In addition, mice receiving a PA-enriched diet had increased numbers of IgA-producing plasma cells in the large intestine; this effect was abolished when serine palmitoyltransferase was inhibited. These findings suggest that dietary PA regulates intestinal IgA responses and has the potential to be a diet-derived mucosal adjuvant.
Lip Movements Synthesis Using Time Delay Neural Networks (1996)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Trieste, Italy, 1996
A comparison of selection, recombination, and mutation parameter importance over a set of fifteen optimization tasks (2009)

How does one choose an initial set of parameters for an evolutionary computing algorithm? Clearly some choices are dictated by the problem itself, such as the encoding of a problem solution, or how much time is available for running the evolution. Others, however, are frequently found by trial-and-error. These may include population sizes, number of populations, type of selection, recombination and mutation rates, and a variety of other parameters. Sometimes these parameters are allowed to co-evolve along with the solutions rather than by trial-and-error. But in both cases, an initial setting is needed for each parameter.
Slowing Tumorigenic Progression in TRAMP Mice and Prostatic Carcinoma Cell Lines Using Natural Anti-Oxidant from Spinach, NAO—A Comparative Study of Three Anti-Oxidants (2003)

The TRAMP model and human prostatic cancer (PCA) cell lines DU145 and PC3 are useful forchemopreventive studies. We compared the efficacy of 3 anti-oxidants [a water-soluble natural anti-oxidant. NAO (200 mg/kg). found in spinach leaves; epigallocatechin-3 gallate, EGCG (200 mg/kg), a major green tea polyphenol; and N-acetylcysteine, NAC (125 mg/kg)] plus vehicle in slowing spontaneous tumorigenic progression in TRAMP and wild-type male mice. Sacrifices occurred on weeks 5, 9, and 13. Prostatic histopathology and oxidative-stress blood markers were evaluated. Hyperplasias were ranked by a combination of severity grade and distribution (focal, multifocal, and diffuse). The effectivity of each tested compound in reducing the severity/focalness of hyperplasia varied from lobe to lobe. NAO exerted a significant effect on the dorsal and lateral lobes; NAC, on the anterior and ventral lobes, and EGCG, on the ventral lobe. When the most severe hyperplasia in all 4 lobes of TRAMPs was evaluated, only NAO reduced hyperplasia at weeks 9 and 13. Plasma peroxide levels in TRAMPs were reduced following oral administration of NAO or NAC for 13 weeks; EGCG only slightly reduced these levels. In NAO-treated DU 145 and PC3 PCA cells, inhibition of cellular proliferation occurred in a dose-dependent manner, increasing numbers of G1 cells and reducing ROS levels. The anti-oxidative and antiproliferative properties of NAO may explain its efficacy in slowing the spontaneous prostatic carcinogenic process in the TRAMP and its effects in the cell lines.
Residual plasmatic activity of ADAMTS13 is correlated with phenotype severity in congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (2012)

The quantification of residual plasmatic ADAMTS13 activity in congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) patients is constrained by limitations in sensitivity and reproducibility of commonly used assays at low levels of ADAMTS13 activity, blunting efforts to establish genotype-phenotype correlations. In the present study, the residual plasmatic activity of ADAMTS13 was measured centrally by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (limit of detection = 0.5%) in 29 congenital TTP patients. The results were used to study correlations among ADAMTS13 genotype, residual plasmatic activity, and clinical phenotype severity. An ADAMTS13 activity above 0.5% was measured in 26 (90%) patients and lower levels of activity were associated with earlier age at first TTP episode requiring plasma infusion, more frequent recurrences, and prescription of fresh-frozen plasma prophylaxis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that activity levels of less than 2.74% and 1.61% were discriminative of age at first TTP episode requiring plasma infusion < 18 years, annual rate of TTP episodes > 1, and use of prophylaxis. Mutations affecting the highly conserved N-terminal domains of the protein were associated with lower residual ADAMTS13 activity and a more severe phenotype in an allelic-dose dependent manner. The results of the present study show that residual ADAMTS13 activity is associated with the severity of clinical phenotype in congenital TTP and provide insights into genotype-phenotype correlations.
Associations between GJB2, Mitochondrial 12S rRNA, SLC26A4 Mutations, and Hearing Loss among Three Ethnicities (2014)

The epidemiological researches show that the mutations of GJB2, mitochondrial 12S rRNA, and SLC26A4 genes have played an important role in the hearing loss. This study aims to investigate the mutation spectrum of GJB2, mitochondrial 12S rRNA, and SLC26A4 genes of Han Chinese, Hui people, and Uyghur ethnicities in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) patients in northwest of China. Mutational analyses in the three genes were brought by direct sequencing and each fragment was analyzed using an ABI 3730 DNA Sequencer. The mutation frequencies for the three HL causative genes were 34.05% in Han Chinese participants, 27.47% in Hui people, and 14.44% in Uyghur participants, respectively. The prevalence of GJB2 mutations was 13.7%, 11.4%, and 11.4% in Han Chinese, Hui people, and Uyghur participants (χ(2) = 10.2, P < 0.05), respectively. The prevalence of mtDNA 12S rRNA A1555G homozygous mutations was 6.05%, 3.27%, and 1.44% in Han Chinese, Hui people, and Uyghur participants (χ(2) = 13.9, P < 0.05), respectively. The prevalence of SLC26A4 mutations was 14.3%, 12.8%, and 1.6% in Han Chinese, Hui people, and Uyghur participants, respectively. In summary, we find that Uyghur and Hui SNHL individuals vary significantly from Han Chinese patients in three causative HL genes' mutational spectrum, especially for Uyghur.
Continuous-flow delivery of nitrous oxide and oxygen (1999)

Nitrous oxide (N2O) safely and rapidly alleviates the pain and distress of minor procedures in the emergency department (ED). We have found self-administration in children does not consistently achieve acceptable analgesia and sedation. The equipment generally available for ED use is designed for adults and delivers 50% N2O through a demand valve that requires an inspiratory effort of -3 to -5 cm of water to activate gas flow. This is difficult for young children who are crying, have more shallow respirations than adults, or cannot follow instructions. In collaboration with the Departments of Anesthesiology, Dentistry, and Respiratory Therapy, we constructed a continuous-flow system for delivering N2O and oxygen (O2). The following is a description of the components, assembly, and use of a continuous-flow machine that safely and inexpensively delivers N2O and O2 to children.
Packet Processing at 100 Gbps and Beyond - Challenges and Perspectives (2009)

The continuous growth of traffic volumes steadily raises the throughput requirements on the network infrastructure. Additionally, a transformation of the classical TDM-based backbone networks to packet networks with Carrier Ethernet as the target technology occurs. The standardization process of 100 Gbps Ethernet is under way. This not only poses big challenges to transmission but also to packet processing technologies. However, recent announcements from network processing unit (NPU) vendors promise that packet processing at 100 Gbps is feasible. The big question for system manufacturers now is, whether this trend will continue and finally lead to 1 Tbps packet switching, or whether there are technological roadblocks that inhibit this development path. In this paper, we address this question and identify packet processing performance, packet buffer throughput, chip-to-chip interface speed, and power dissipation as the most critical factors. We discuss their limiting factors as well as architectural and technological trends that can further increase their performance. Based on these investigations and extrapolating anticipated technological advances we expect that 1 Tbps packet processing and switching could be introduced in the network within several years. Since this, however, not only depends on technological but also on economical factors, we show how slight modifications of the network architecture and protocols could alleviate some implementation complexities and thus reduce the overall cost.
Genetics of dominant gibberellin-insensitive dwarfism in maize. (1989)

Abstract D8 and Mpl1 are two dominant dwarfing mutations of maize. Although they differ in severity of dwarfism, both D8 and Mpl1 mutants are unresponsive to gibberellin (GA). Because of their close phenotypic resemblance to the recessive GA-sensitive dwarf mutants these dominant mutations may identify a gene whose product is involved in the reception of GA. With this possibility in mind we have studied the genetic properties of D8 and Mpl1. Both mutations map close to Adh1 on chromosome 1L. By marking normal and translocated 1L arms with different Adh1 electrophoretic mobility alleles, we investigated the effect of gene dosage on dominant dwarf phenotype. The results suggest that D8 and Mpl1 encode novel product functions and that these functions are relatively insensitive to the presence of the (presumed) wild-type product. Using X-ray induced chromosome breakage we created sectors of wild-type cells within D8 or Mpl1 tissue; these sectors were marked by the linked recessive lw mutation. The phenotypes of these sectors demonstrated that, at least in certain plant organs and tissues, dominant dwarfism can be an autonomous phenotype. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the wild-type gene product acts as a GA receptor. The potential utility of dominant dwarf phenotype in plant developmental analysis is discussed, and possible mechanisms for the action of the D8 and Mpl1 mutations are considered.
Adenovirus E1B-19K/BCL-2 Interacting Protein BNIP3 Contains a BH3 Domain and a Mitochondrial Targeting Sequence (1998)

Adenovirus E1B-19K and BCL-2 anti-apoptosis proteins interact with certain BCL-2 family pro-apoptotic proteins. A conserved domain, BH3, present in these proteins is essential for their pro-apoptotic activity and for heterodimerization with anti-apoptosis proteins. Cellular protein BNIP3 (previously NIP3) interacts with E1B-19K, BCL-2, BCL-xL, and EBV-BHRF1. BNIP3 contains a motif similar to the BH3 domain. Deletion of the BH3-like motif in BNIP3 abrogates its ability to heterodimerize with E1B-19K and BCL-xL. Substitution of the BH3 domain of BNIP3 for the corresponding sequences of BAX functionally restores the pro-apoptotic and protein heterodimerization activities of BAX. BNIP3 exhibits a delayed cell death activity that is partially relieved by deletion of the BH3 domain. BNIP3 suppresses the anti-apoptosis activity of BCL-xL in a BH3-dependent manner. BNIP3 contains a C-terminal trans-membrane (TM) domain similar to other BCL-2 family proteins and BNIP1 (previously NIP1). The TM domains of BNIP3 and BNIP1 can functionally substitute for the TM domain of a BCL-2 family member EBV-BHRF1. The BNIP3 TM domain exclusively targets the heterologous green fluorescent protein (GFP) to mitochondria. These results suggest that BNIP3 is a member of the BH3-contaning BCL-2 family of pro-apoptotic proteins and functions in mitochondria.
Long-Term Potentiation in Spinal Nociceptive Pathways as a Novel Target for Pain Therapy (2011)

Long-term potentiation (LTP) in nociceptive spinal pathways shares several features with hyperalgesia and has been proposed to be a cellular mechanism of pain amplification in acute and chronic pain states. Spinal LTP is typically induced by noxious input and has therefore been hypothesized to contribute to acute postoperative pain and to forms of chronic pain that develop from an initial painful event, peripheral inflammation or neuropathy. Under this assumption, preventing LTP induction may help to prevent the development of exaggerated postoperative pain and reversing established LTP may help to treat patients who have an LTP component to their chronic pain. Spinal LTP is also induced by abrupt opioid withdrawal, making it a possible mechanism of some forms of opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Here, we give an overview of targets for preventing LTP induction and modifying established LTP as identified in animal studies. We discuss which of the various symptoms of human experimental and clinical pain may be manifestations of spinal LTP, review the pharmacology of these possible human LTP manifestations and compare it to the pharmacology of spinal LTP in rodents.
Hybrid Channel Codes for Efficient FSO/RF Communication Systems (2010)

Conventional hybrid RF and optical wireless communication systems make use of parallel Free Space Optical (FSO) and Radio Frequency (RF) channels to achieve higher reliability than individual channels. True hybridization can be accomplished when both channels collaboratively compensate the shortcomings of each other and thereby improve the performance of the system as a whole. In this paper, we propose a novel coding paradigm called Channel Coding that not only optimally achieves the capacity of the combined FSO and RF channels but also can potentially provide carrier grade reliability (99.999%) for hybrid FSO/RF systems. The proposed mechanism uses non-uniform and rate-compatible LDPC codes to achieve the desired reliability and capacity limits. We propose a design methodology for constructing these Hybrid Channel Codes. Using analysis and simulation, we show that by using Hybrid Channel Codes, we can obtain significantly better availability results in terms of the required link margin while the average throughput obtained is more than 33% better than the currently existing systems. Also by avoiding data duplication, we preserve to a great extent the crucial security benefits of FSO communications. Simulations also show that Hybrid Channel Codes can achieve more than two orders of magnitude improvement in bit error rate compared to present systems.
Nickel, vanadium and sulfur determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry in crude oil distillation residues after microwave-induced combustion (2009)

Microwave-induced combustion (MIC) was applied for digestion of crude oil distillation residues for further total nickel, vanadium and sulfur determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). Sample masses up to 500 mg of atmospheric distillation residue (AR) and vacuum distillation residue (VR) were completely combusted using the MIC system. A polyethylene film was used to wrap the samples allowing a feasible combustion process. Ammonium nitrate (6 mol l−1 solution, 50 µl) was used as an aid for ignition. Parameters related to the combustion process, as sample mass and oxygen pressure for MIC were investigated. The type and concentration of absorbing solution (H2O, 5% v/v H2O2 and 1 to 14 mol l−1 HNO3) used to absorb gaseous combustion products as well as the use of an additional reflux step were studied. Diluted nitric acid (2 mol l−1) was selected as absorbing solution resulting in a suitable medium for simultaneous Ni, V and S determination by ICP OES in both AR and VR samples. The agreement to certified values for Ni, V and S was from 99 to 101% for MIC using 2 mol l−1 HNO3 as absorbing solution with a reflux step. Results obtained by MIC for AR and VR samples were also in agreement with results obtained using high pressure microwave-assisted wet digestion. Limits of detection by MIC and further ICP OES determination were 0.2, 0.1 and 2 µg g−1 for Ni, V and S, respectively. It was possible to digest up to eight samples each run. Digestion time was reduced twice when compared to high-pressure microwave-assisted wet digestion.
Induction of pulmonary connective tissue growth factor in heart failure is associated with pulmonary parenchymal and vascular remodeling (2006)

Pulmonary CTGF was substantially increased in parallel with pulmonary remodeling in rats with HF. Our data indicate that alveolar macrophages are a major source of increased pulmonary CTGF in HF and that CTGF may be a player in the profibrotic mechanisms associated with HF.