gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of acoustic streaming induced flow on a focused surface acoustic wave device: Implications for biosensing and microfluidics (2010)

Fluid motion induced on the surface of 100 MHz focused surface acoustic wave (F-SAW) devices with concentric interdigital transducers (IDTs) based on Y-cut Z-propagating LiNbO3 substrate was investigated using three-dimensional bidirectionally coupled finite element fluid-structure interaction models. Acoustic streaming velocity fields and induced forces for the F-SAW device are compared with those for a SAW device with uniform IDTs (conventional SAW). Both, qualitative and quantitative differences in the simulation derived functional parameters, such as device displacements amplitudes, fluid velocity, and streaming forces, are observed between the F-SAW and conventional SAW device. While the conventional SAW shows maximum fluid recirculation near input IDTs, the region of maximum recirculation is concentrated near the focal point of the F-SAW device. Our simulation results also indicate acoustic energy focusing by the F-SAW device leading to maximized device surface displacements, fluid velocity, and streaming forces near the focal point located in the center of the delay path, in contrast to the conventional SAW exhibiting maximized values of these parameters near the input IDTs. Significant enhancement in acoustic streaming is observed in the F-SAW device when compared to the conventional ones; the increase in streaming velocities was computed to be 352% and 216% for tangential velocities in propagation and transverse directions, respectively, and 353% for the normal velocity. Consequently, the induced streaming force for F-SAW is 480% larger than that for conventional SAW. In biosensing applications, this allows for the removal of smaller submicron sized particles by F-SAW which are otherwise difficult to remove using the conventional SAW. The F-SAW presents an order of magnitude reduction in the smallest removable particle size compared to the conventional device. Our results indicate that the acoustic energy focusing and streaming enhancement brought about by the F-SAW device manifests itself as enhanced biofouling removal efficiency of F-SAW throughout the device delay path compared to the conventional device, thereby providing enhanced device sensitivity, selectivity, and reusability. Furthermore, contrary to the conventional SAW in which the smallest particle is removable near the input IDTs, the F-SAW device removes the smallest particle near the device focal point. The results of this work are shown to have significant implications in typical biosensing and microfluidic applications. In a broader context, the results of the present study demonstrate a technique of enhancing streaming induced flows, which is of great importance to contemporary problems involving microfluidic and sensing applications of piezoelectric devices.
Unintrusive Eating Recognition using Google Glass (2015)

Activity recognition has many health applications, from helping individuals track meals and exercise to providing treatment reminders to people with chronic illness and improving closed-loop control of diabetes. While eating is one of the most fundamental health-related activities, it has proven dif
Nonactive antenna compensation for fixed-array microwave imaging. II. Imaging results (1999)

Model-based imaging techniques utilizing microwave signal illumination rely heavily on the ability to accurately represent the wave propagation with a suitable numerical model. To date, the highest quality images from our prototype system have been achieved utilizing a single transmitter/single receiver measurement system where both antennas are manually repositioned to facilitate multiple illuminations of the imaging region, thus requiring long data acquisition times. In an effort to develop a system that can acquire data in a real time manner, a 32-channel network has been fabricated with all ports capable of being electronically selected for either transmit or receive mode. The presence of a complete array of antenna elements at data collection time perturbs the field distributions being measured, which can subsequently degrade the image reconstruction due to increased data-model mismatch. Incorporating the nonactive antenna-compensation model from Part I of this paper into our hybrid element near field image reconstruction algorithm is shown to restore image quality when fixed antenna-array data acquisition is used. Improvements are most dramatic for inclusions located in near proximity to the antenna array itself, although cases of improvement in the recovery of centered heterogeneities are also illustrated. Increases in the frequency of illumination are found to warrant an increased need for nonactive antenna compensation. Quantitative measures of recovered inclusion shape and position reveal a systematic improvement in image reconstruction quality when the nonactive antenna-compensation model is employed. Improvements in electrical property value recovery of localized heterogeneities are also observed. Image reconstructions in freshly excised breast tissue illustrate the applicability of the approach when used with our two-dimensional microwave imaging system.
Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Staging Atherosclerotic Lesions (2003)

This chapter provides an overview of time-resolved fluorescence of arterial wall endogenous fluorescence; time-resolved fluorescence of normal and diseased arterial walls; and correlation between the fluorescent signature of the fluorescent constituents of arterial wall and the time-resolved emission of the arterial walls. It describes theoretical and applied concepts to characterization of atherosclerotic lesions based on a time-resolved time domain method. Time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TR-LIFS) offers the prospect of in situ and instantaneous diagnosis of atherosclerotic lesions. TR-LIFS using a time-domain technique and ultraviolet light excitation can be applied for identification and staging atherosclerotic lesions and demonstrates potential for diagnosis of unstable lesions. Atherosclerosis is a lifelong progressive disease of the arteries that produces cellular and metabolic changes in the arterial wall. The chapter describes elements of the pathology, the role in clinical applications. Depending on the anatomical location of atherosclerotic plaque, the clinical consequences include myocardial infarction, stroke, limb ischemia, and aortic aneurysms.
<i>ceCursor</i>, a contextual eye cursor for general pointing in windows environments (2010)

Eye gaze interaction for disabled people is often dealt with by designing ad-hoc interfaces, in which the big size of their elements compensates for both the inaccuracy of eye trackers and the instability of the human eye. Unless solutions for reliable eye cursor control are employed, gaze pointing in ordinary graphical operating environments is a very difficult task. In this paper we present an eye-driven cursor for MS Windows which behaves differently according to the context. When the user's gaze is perceived within the desktop or a folder, the cursor can be discretely shifted from one icon to another. Within an application window or where there are no icons, on the contrary, the cursor can be continuously and precisely moved. Shifts in the four directions (up, down, left, right) occur through dedicated buttons. To increase user awareness of the currently pointed spot on the screen while continuously moving the cursor, a replica of the spot is provided within the active direction button, resulting in improved pointing performance.
Unexplained Febrile Illnesses After Exposure to Ticks (1987)

The Ehrlichia are tick-borne rickettsial organisms that cause disease in animals throughout the world but that have been previously recognized as human pathogens only in Asia. We have identified six patients with serological evidence of recent infection with an Ehrlichia: a fourfold or greater rise or fall in titer to Ehrlichia canis. All of the patients reported recent tick bites. Rigors, myalgia, headache, nausea, and anorexia were each reported by five patients. Fever was present in all patients and was accompanied by relative bradycardia and leukopenia in five patients, thrombocytopenia and abnormal liver function test results in four, and anemia in three. Five of the six patients were treated with tetracycline hydrochloride, and all recovered. Infection with Ehrlichia should be considered in patients with unexplained febrile illnesses after tick exposure.
BACE1 Retrograde Trafficking Is Uniquely Regulated by the Cytoplasmic Domain of Sortilin (2011)

BACE1 (β-site β-amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 1) mediates the first proteolytic cleavage of APP, leading to amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) production. It has been reported that BACE1 intracellular trafficking, in particular endosome-to-TGN sorting, is mediated by adaptor complexes, such as retromer and Golgi-localized γ-ear-containing ARF-binding proteins (GGAs). Here we investigated whether sortilin, a Vps10p domain-sorting receptor believed to participate in retromer-mediated transport of select membrane cargoes, contributes to the subcellular trafficking and activity of BACE1. Our initial studies revealed increased levels of sortilin in post-mortem brain tissue of AD patients and that overexpression of sortilin leads to increased BACE1-mediated cleavage of APP in cultured cells. In contrast, RNAi suppression of sortilin results in decreased BACE1-mediated cleavage of APP. We also found that sortilin interacts with BACE1 and that a sortilin construct lacking its cytoplasmic domain, which contains putative retromer sorting motifs, remains bound to BACE1. However, expression of this truncated sortilin redistributes BACE1 from the trans-Golgi network to the endosomes and substantially reduces the retrograde trafficking of BACE1. Site-directed mutagenesis and chimera experiments reveal that the cytoplasmic tail of sortilin, but not those from other VPS10p domain receptors (e.g. SorCs1b and SorLA), plays a unique role in BACE1 trafficking. Our studies suggest a new function for sortilin as a modulator of BACE1 retrograde trafficking and subsequent generation of Aβ.
Evaluation of Useful Lifetime of Gas Engine Lubrication Oils. Suggestion of New Methods for Oil Analysis and Evaluation of Degradation of Full-synthetic Long Life Lubrication Oils. (2002)

ガスエンジン潤滑油は高温にさらされて熱分解を受けたり, 空気や燃焼によって生ずる窒素化合物に触れて酸化, あるいは窒化されるなどして次第に劣化する。潤滑油の劣化が進むと, エンジン効率の低下やエンジンの特定部位に腐食, 摩耗が発生するなどの不具合が生じる。そのため, 適切な周期での潤滑油交換 (更油) が必要となる。一般に, ガスエンジン潤滑油は基油と十数種の添加剤を一定の割合で配合されたものである。ところが, 従来から行っている潤滑油分析方法では粘度や酸化度など潤滑油全体の劣化を示すマクロな指標でしか評価されないので, その劣化原因を特定することや適切な更油周期を設定することが難しい。そこで, 新たに基油の分子量変化や, 特定の添加剤個々の変化を定性定量できる分析方法(より正確に潤滑油の寿命を評価できる方法) について検討を行った。これによって油種に関係なく, 基油や極圧剤•中和剤などの添加剤の劣化状況が判断できるようになったので, ここに報告する。
Treating vulvovaginal atrophy/genitourinary syndrome of menopause: how important is vaginal lubricant and moisturizer composition? (2015)

Vaginal dryness is a common condition that is particularly prevalent during and after the menopause, and is one of the symptoms of vulvovaginal atrophy/genitourinary syndrome of menopause. The impact of vaginal dryness on interpersonal relationships, quality of life, daily activities, and sexual function can be significant, but is frequently underestimated. Furthermore, barriers exist to treatment-seeking, and this condition is often underreported and undertreated. Greater education about vaginal dryness and the range of available treatments is essential to encourage more women to seek help for this condition. Personal lubricants and moisturizers are effective at relieving discomfort and pain during sexual intercourse for women with mild to moderate vaginal dryness, particularly those who have a genuine contraindication to estrogen, or who choose not to use estrogen. However, there is a distinction between lubricants and moisturizers, and notable differences between commercially available products. Women should be advised to choose a product that is optimally balanced in terms of both osmolality and pH, and is physiologically most similar to natural vaginal secretions. A series of recommendations for the use of vaginal lubricants and moisturizers, either on their own or in combination with systemic or topical hormone replacement therapy, is presented.
Reliable multicast protocol by sequence (RMPS) (2002)

This paper represents reliable multicast protocol by sequence (RMPS) that guarantees reliability for a loss packet. As RMPS is hierarchical structure that consists of several local groups. It minimizes the recovery delay for a loss packet. As the NACK scheme immediately executes an error recovery, RMPS makes use of the method based on the NACK for recovery of a loss packet. Especially, RMPS resolves the problem of duplicate retransmission using a scheme that checks the number of retransmission requests of a NACK packet. This method is simple, but guarantees definite recovery. Simulation results show that RMPS removes the duplicate packet problem which occur on retransmission and also reduces the total time taken for a service.
Developments in low-gravity cryogenic propellant acquisition and thermal control systems (1974)

Development programs are described for two low-gravity cryogenic propellant acquisition systems: a full-screen liner system, and a refillable start-tank. First, based on experimental LH2 screen flow data, the fluid-dynamic characteristics of an integrated screen/thermodynamic vent system were analyzed for a design compared to 17.5 cu fg supercritical life-support systems, and for a Tug orbital LH2/LQ2 resupply system. Second, the analysis, design, fabrication, and test of a 10 cu ft, annular-screen start-tank with a wall-mounted thermodynamic vent was performed. The test program demonstrated that the system expelled LH2 against 1-g and performed properly over a range of conditions.
Berberine Differentially Modulates the Activities of ERK, p38 MAPK, and JNK to Suppress Th17 and Th1 T Cell Differentiation in Type 1 Diabetic Mice (2009)

Berberine, an alkaloid derivative from Berberis vulgaris L., has been used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine to treat diarrhea and diabetes, but the underlying mechanisms for treating diabetes are not fully understood. Recent studies suggested that berberine has many beneficial biological effects, including anti-inflammation. Because type 1 diabetes is caused by T cell-mediated destruction of beta cells and severe islet inflammation, we hypothesized that berberine could ameliorate type 1 diabetes through its immune regulation properties. Here we reported that 2 weeks of oral administration of berberine prevented the progression of type 1 diabetes in half of the NOD mice and decreased Th17 and Th1 cytokine secretion. Berberine suppressed Th17 and Th1 differentiation by reducing the expression of lineage markers. We found that berberine inhibited Th17 differentiation by activating ERK1/2 and inhibited Th1 differentiation by inhibiting p38 MAPK and JNK activation. Berberine down-regulated the activity of STAT1 and STAT4 through the suppression of p38 MAPK and JNK activation, and it controlled the stability of STAT4 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Our findings indicate that berberine targets MAPK to suppress Th17 and Th1 differentiation in type 1 diabetic NOD mice. This study revealed a novel role of ERK in Th17 differentiation through down-regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation and RORgamma t expression.
Analog CMOS integrated circuits for high-temperature operation with leakage current compensation (2002)

To facilitate high-temperature operation of CMOS analog integrated circuits, we proposed new compensation circuits which compensated for PN-junction leakage current more precisely than conventional compensation circuits. As the result of applying these circuits to a voltage reference circuit, the operating temperature region was extended 20-40/spl deg/C.
O modelo português de ensino aberto e a distância (EAD) (1998)

Intervencao na Mesa Redonda sobre Universidade Aberta e Ensino a Distância, V EPLLE -Internacional - Encontro de professores de Linguas e Literaturas Estrangeiras, Assis,S. Paulo, Brasil, 6 de Maio de 1998
A memory-based approach to learning shallow natural language patterns (1998)

Recognizing shallow linguistic patterns, such as basic syntactic relationships between words, is a common task in applied natural language and text processing. The common practice for approaching this task is by tedious manual definition of possible pattern structures, often in the form of regular expressions or finite automata. This paper presents a novel memory-based learning method that recognizes shallow patterns in new text based on a bracketed training corpus. The training data are stored as-is, in efficient suffix-tree data structures. Generalization is performed on-line at recognition time by comparing subsequences of the new text to positive and negative evidence in the corpus. This way, no information in the training is lost, as can happen in other learning systems that construct a single generalized model at the time of training. The paper presents experimental results for recognizing noun phrase, subject-verb and verb-object patterns in English. Since the learning approach enables easy porting to new domains, we plan to apply it to syntactic patterns in other languages and to sub-language patterns for information extraction.
Estimation of Surface Reflectance Parameters from Image Sequence (2002)

We have developed a technique for estimating the diffuse and specular reflectance parameters of a rotating 3D object from an image sequence taken by a high-definition TV camera with a fixed position and direction and with a fixed-direction light source. Many researchers have studied the computation of reflectance parameters from the separated diffuse and specular components. However, for a complicated texture, complete separation is difficult to achieve. Unlike other methods, our technique estimates diffuse and specular parameters directly from the raw RGB data by iteratively minimizing fitting errors without knowing the light source color and object color. The diffuse and specular components can then be separated using the estimated diffuse and specular reflectance parameters. Experimental results with both synthesized and real data demonstrate that this approach effectively and stably recovers the reflectance parameters.
Recursive maximum likelihood decoder for high-speed satellite communication (2003)

A decoder of (64,35) Reed-Muller subcode has been implemented, dedicatedly for high-speed satellite communication. The trellis-based recursive maximum likelihood decoding algorithm, which greatly reduces the computational costs of the conventional Viterbi algorithm, can be performed on a single chip by using 3-stage pipeline architecture of an add-compare-select (ACS) tree. By using 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS triple-metal technology, the (64,35) decoder integrates totally 160,023 gates into a 151.3 mm/sup 2/ die and operates at 60 MHz. The 600 Mbps (64,40) decoding system required for satellite communication can be constructed by employing 32 proposed decoders in parallel.
Barium titanate and its use as a memory store (1957)

The use of barium titanate single crystals for memory matrices is considered. It is shown that the discrimination between read-out “one” and read-out “zero” on a matrix is reasonably high and that the response times and current flows involved compare reasonably with other types of store. However the lack of definite coercive field and heating effects limit the minimum access time of such a store to 10 μsec. The energy dissipation per bit is shown to be slightly less than for a ferrite, and there will be a further energy gain over ferrite stores due to the low current flows involved. Transistor drive circuits can be used with such stores due to the low currents. The over-all size of a store is small and the maximum number of digits that can be stored is shown to be limited by the growing of suitable crystals.
Abandoned Nineteenth Century Brick and Tile Works in Central Illinois: An Introduction from Local Sources (1979)

The rapid expansion and subsequent collapse of the local brick and tile industry in the American Midwest between 1870 and 1910 is one of the most striking episodes in the industrial history of the United States. This study draws largely on local material to detail this expansion and collapse in a four county area of Central Illinois. Between 1870 and 1910 eighty commercial brick and tile works were established. Most remained in production for less than twenty years. Today only one, Diller Brothers in Chatsworth, continues in business. This paper describes the rise and fall of this industry, examining its origin, locational pattern, methods of operation, structures, decline, and impact on the present landscape.
Geo-historical context support for information foraging and sensemaking: Conceptual model, implementation, and assessment (2010)

Information foraging and sensemaking with heterogeneous information are context-dependent activities. Thus visual analytics tools to support these activities must incorporate context. But, context is a difficult concept to define, model, and represent. Creating and representing context in support of visually-enabled reasoning about complex problems with complex information is a complementary but different challenge than that addressed in context-aware computing. In the latter, the goal is automated adaptation of the system to meet user needs for applications such as mobile location-based services where information about the location, the user, and the user goals filters what gets presented on a small mobile device. In contrast, for visual analytics-enabled information foraging and sensemaking, the user is likely to take an active role in foraging for the contextual information needed to support sensemaking in relation to some multifaceted problem. In this paper, we address the challenges of constructing and representing context within visual interfaces that support analytical reasoning in crisis management and humanitarian relief. The challenges stem from the diverse forms of information that can provide context and difficulty in defining and operationalizing context itself. Here, we pay particular attention to document foraging to support construction of the geographic and historical context within which monitoring and sensemaking can be carried out. Specifically, we present the concept of geo-historical context (GHC) and outline an empirical assessment of both the concept and its implementation in the Context Discovery Application, a web-based tool that supports document foraging and sensemaking.
Small gene, big number, many effects (2012)

In this issue of Blood, Eisfeld and colleagues present strong evidence that miR-3151 and the host gene BAALC (brain and acute leukemia, cytoplasmic) concomitantly affect the outcome of patients with cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (CN-AML) by influencing significant signaling pathways.