gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of evening feeding and extended photoperiod on growth, feed efficiency, live animal carcass traits and plasma prolactin of beef heifers housed outdoors during two Manitoba winters (2004)

The effects of evening feeding and extended photoperiod on feedlot performance, live animal carcass traits and plasma prolactin were investigated in crossbred beef heifers in two consecutive Manitoba winters (1998–1999; exp. 1 and 1999–2000; exp. 2) using a 2 × 2 factorial design. Heifers were fed in the morning (1000 exp. 1 and 0900 exp. 2) or evening (2000) and exposed to natural winter photoperiod (NP) of <15 h or extended winter photoperiod (EP) of 16–19 h (65 lux exp. 1, 51 lux exp. 2) in outdoor partially covered pens. Heifers (n = 48; 276.9 ± 19.4 kg, mean ± SD) in exp. 1 were given a 60% forage: 40% concentrate backgrounding ration for 56 d followed by a 25% forage: 75% concentrate finishing ration for 70 d. In exp. 2, heifers (n = 48; 228.8 ± 18.8kg) were given the backgrounding ration for 170 d. Mean ambient temperature during the backgrounding and finishing periods in exp. 1 was -13.7 and 0.5°C, respectively. During the backgrounding period of exp. 1, evening feeding increased (P = 0.05) growth rate 10.1%, and tended (P = 0.08) to improve feed efficiency by 9.0%; EP tended (P = 0.08) to improve feed efficiency by 9.0%. During the finishing period there was a time of feeding × photoperiod interaction (P = 0.02) for feed efficiency with a tendency for most efficient gains in the morning-fed NP heifers. There were no main or interaction effects of time of feeding and photoperiod on ultrasonically measured subcutaneous fat depth or longissimus dorsi muscle area in exp. 1. Plasma prolactin was elevated by EP on day 42 (photoperiod × day; P < 0.01) of exp. 1. Mean ambient temperature during exp. 2 was -5.1°C, and there were no main or interaction effects of time of feeding or photoperiod on weight gain, dry matter intake or feed efficiency. However, subcutaneous fat depth was reduced by EP on day 156 (photoperiod × day; P < 0.01). Plasma prolactin did not change during the first 107 d of exp. 2, but subsequently rose in all but the morning-fed EP treatment group. The results indicate that both evening feeding and extended photoperiod can impact growth and feed efficiency of beef cattle during winter-feeding. Key words: Feedlot heifers, beef cattle, evening feeding, extended photoperiod, light, prolactin
Hormonal Contraception, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, and Risk of Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (1998)

To examine associations between method of contraception, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and incident human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, a prospective observational cohort study was done among female sex workers attending a municipal STD clinic in Mombasa, Kenya. Demographic and behavioral factors significantly associated with HIV-1 infection included type of workplace, condom use, and parity. In multivariate models, vulvitis, genital ulcer disease, vaginal discharge, and Candida vaginitis were significantly associated with HIV-1 seroconversion. Women who used depo medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) had an increased incidence of HIV-1 infection (hazard ratio [HR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-3.4). In a multivariate model controlling for demographic and exposure variables and biologic covariates, the adjusted HR for HIV-1 infection among DMPA users was 2.0 (CI, 1.3-3.1). There was a trend for an association between use of high-dose oral contraceptive pills and HIV-1 acquisition (HR, 2.6; CI, 0.8-8.5).
Controlling magnetic vortices through exchange bias (2006)

The magnetization reversal in Permalloy (Py) and Py-IrMn disks (1μm diameter) is investigated. The Py disks reverse their magnetization via vortex state formation. Conversely, if the Py-IrMn disks are field cooled from above the blocking temperature TB, a critical angle with respect to the cooling direction is set, beyond which the vortex no longer nucleates. This angle can be experimentally tuned by varying the magnitude of the exchange bias field. Furthermore, the coupling with IrMn can also induce an enhancement of the vortex stability when the disks are zero-field cooled from above TB.
Dettol poisoning: Clinical features and management (2008)

Dettol is a common household disinfectant and is freely available in certain countries such as UK, India and Hong Kong. It is common cause of suicidal poisoning in Hong Kong. However literature regarding incidence and case profile in other parts of the world is lacking. It has a corrosive action on the gastrointestinal tract and a depressant action on the central nervous system. Almost all the mortality in patients with Dettol poisoning is related to aspiration. Patients with Dettol poisoning have been observed to develop sudden upper airway obstruction which can require emergent endotracheal intubation. It has been observed predominantly in patients who are at high risk of aspiration in spite of the fact that other clinical signs of aspiration may be absent. This complication can be of delayed onset and should be anticipated. Treatment otherwise is mainly supportive. Prognosis is very good in patients who have not aspirated.
Sticky ions in biological systems. (1995)

Aqueous gel sieving chromatography on Sephadex G-10 of the Group IA cations (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+) plus NH4+ as the Cl- salts, in combination with previous results for the halide anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) as the Na+ salts [Washabaugh, M.W. & Collins, K.D. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 12477-12485], leads to the following conclusions. (i) The small monovalent ions (Li+, Na+, F-) flow through the gel with water molecules attached, whereas the large monovalent ions (K+, Rb+, Cs+, Cl-, Br-, I-) adsorb to the nonpolar surface of the gel, a process requiring partial dehydration of the ion and implying that these ions bind the immediately adjacent water molecules weakly. (ii) The transition from strong to weak hydration occurs at a radius of about 1.78 A for the monovalent anions, compared with a radius of about 1.06 A for the monovalent cations (using ionic radii), indicating that the anions are more strongly hydrated than the cations for a given charge density. (iii) The anions show larger deviations from ideal behavior (an elution position corresponding to the anhydrous molecular weight) than do the cations and dominate the chromatographic behavior of the neutral salts. These results are interpreted to mean that weakly hydrated ions (chaotropes) are "pushed" onto weakly hydrated surfaces by strong water-water interactions and that the transition from strong ionic hydration to weak ionic hydration occurs where the strength of ion-water interactions approximately equals the strength of water-water interactions in bulk solution.
[BCG-septicemia and mucocutaneous candidiasis due to familial combined immunodeficiency (authors transl)]. (1976)

The history of a patient with mucocutaneous candidiasis and BCG-septicemia is reported. Combined immunodeficiency has been diagnosed as the underlying cause. A sister of the patient died at seven months of age under similar circumstances. The importance of the immunological diagnosis in severe bacterial and mycotic infection during early infancy has been emphasized. In such cases vaccinations with life vaccine are strongly contraindicated.
A data base sublanguage founded on the relational calculus (1971)

Three principal types of language for data base manipulation are identified: the low-level, procedure-oriented (typified by the CODASYL-proposed DML), the intermediate level, algebraic (typified by the Project MAC MacAIMS language), and the high level, relational calculus-based data sublanguage, an example of which is described in this paper. The language description is informal and stresses concepts and principles. Following this, arguments are presented for the superiority of the calculus-based type of data base sub-language over the algebraic, and for the algebraic over the low-level procedural. These arguments are particularly relevant to the questions of inter-system compatibility and standardization.
Microstrip-Fed Slot Antennas With Suppressed (2005)

In this paper, microstrip-fed slot antennas with suppressed harmonics are proposed. To obtain this operation, conductor lines connected with ground plane are inserted in slot antennas. To verify the validation of the proposed antennas, the equivalent circuit analysis is presented. Also, the miniaturization and bandwidth enhancement of the antenna for various applica- tions are achieved and analyzed through parameter study. From the measured return losses, input impedances, and radiation patterns, it is shown that the proposed antennas offer excellent harmonic suppression characteristic in harmonic bandwidth including the second and third harmonic frequencies. Index Terms—Bandstop, harmonic suppression, miniaturiza- tion, slot antennas, wideband.
Improving Avionics Fiber Optic Network Reliability and Maintainability Via Built-In Test (2006)

Significant work is ongoing to understand how the application of avionics fiber optic BIT technology can help reduce life cycle and total ownership cost in military aviation platforms. Operational availability enhancements via comprehensive supportability programs combined with keen attentiveness to reliability and maintainability metrics are driving the avionics fiber optic BIT value proposition. Future life cycle cost impact studies in fielded squadron aircraft are expected to validate the assertions put forth in this paper
Thin-Film Piezoelectric Unimorph Actuator-Based Deformable Mirror With a Transferred Silicon Membrane (2006)

This paper describes a proof-of-concept deformable mirror (DM) technology, with a continuous single-crystal silicon membrane reflecting surface, based on <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$ PbZr _0.52 Ti_0.48 O _3$</tex> (PZT) unimorph membrane microactuators. A potential application for a terrestrial planet finder adaptive nuller is also discussed. The DM comprises a continuous, large-aperture, silicon membrane “transferred” onto a 20 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$,times,$</tex> 20 piezoelectric unimorph actuator array. The actuator array was prepared on an electroded silicon substrate using chemical-solution-deposited 2- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$mu m$</tex> -thick PZT films working in a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$d _31$</tex> mode. The substrate was subsequently bulk-micromachined to create membrane structures with residual silicon acting as the passive layer in the actuator structure. A mathematical model simulated the membrane microactuator performance and aided in the optimization of membrane thicknesses and electrode geometries. Excellent agreement was obtained between the model and the experimental results. The resulting piezoelectric unimorph actuators with patterned PZT films produced large strokes at low voltages. A PZT unimorph actuator, 2.5 mm in diameter with optimized PZT/silicon thickness and design showed a deflection of 5.7 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$~mu m$</tex> at 20 V. A DM structure with a 20- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$mu m$</tex> -thick silicon membrane mirror (50 mm <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$times,$</tex> 50 mm area) supported by 400 PZT unimorph actuators was successfully fabricated and optically characterized. The measured maximum mirror deflection at 30 V was approximately 1 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$~mu m$</tex> . An assembled DM showed an operating frequency bandwidth of 30 kHz and an influence function of approximately 30%. 1738
Screen Content Coding by Combined Full-chroma LZMA and Subsampled-chroma HEVC (2014)

由于屏幕图像的各向异性特点，使用传统的图像/视频编码算法不能得到理想的编码效率。该文提出一种双编码器方案，在保留HEVC(High Efficiency Video Coding)对连续色调区域的优秀性能的同时，加入了从LZMA (Lempel-Ziv-Markov chain Algorithm) SDK中提取出来的对非连续色调区域编码性能更优的字典-熵编码模块。两种编码器以宏块级自适应的方式有机融合，可适应不同的视频源特性。为了减少YUV4:4:4格式转换到YUV4:2:0对图像造成的失真，该文还提出了混合色度采样率的设计，可在保留传统色度子采样编解码器和其低码率低成本优势特性的前提下，有效提高编码效率。实验结果表明，该文提出的方案，比单纯使用HEVC的性能提高约10~30 dB，其主观性能改善也非常明显。
Synthese anomerer Sialinsäure‐methylketoside (1966)

Abstract Über die Acetochlor‐Verbindung des Lactaminsäure‐methylesters wurde nach Koenigs‐Knorr ein Methylketosid‐methylester von [α] : −6° erhalten, der von Neuraminidase quantitativ gespalten wird. Der aus Lactaminsäure mit H ⊕ und Methanol dargestellte anomere Methylketosid‐methylester von [α] D 20 : −46° wird von dem Enzym nicht angegriffen. Bei den durch Verseifung der CO 2 CH 3 ‐Gruppen erhaltenen anomeren Methoxycarbonsäuren besteht derselbe Unterschied.
Suppression of sterol 12α-hydroxylase transcription by the short heterodimer partner: insights into the repression mechanism (2001)

Cholesterol conversion to bile acids is subject to a feedback regulatory mechanism by which bile acids down-regulate their own synthesis. This regulation occurs at the level of transcription of several genes encoding enzymes in the bile acid biosynthetic pathway. One of these enzymes is sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase/CYP8B1 (12alpha-hydroxylase), the specific enzyme required for cholic acid synthesis. The levels of this enzyme determine the ratio of cholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid and thus the hydrophobicity of the circulating bile acid pool. Previous studies from this laboratory showed that fetoprotein transcription factor (FTF) is required for 12alpha-hydroxylase promoter activity and bile acid-mediated regulation. Here, we report that the short heterodimer partner (SHP) suppresses 12alpha-hydroxylase promoter activity via an interaction with FTF. Hepatic nuclear factor-4 (HNF-4) binds and activates the 12alpha-hydroxylase promoter and is required for 12alpha-hydroxylase promoter activity. Although HNF-4 interacts with SHP, it is not involved in SHP-mediated suppression of 12alpha-hydroxylase promoter activity. FTF and not HNF-4 is the factor involved in regulation of 12alpha-hydroxylase promoter activity by bile acids through its interaction with SHP. Finally, interaction of SHP with FTF displaces FTF binding to its sites within the 12alpha-hydroxylase promoter. These results provide insights into the mechanism of action of bile acid-mediated regulation of sterol 12alpha-hydroxylase transcription.
Short-wavelength two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy of tryptophan with a photonic crystal fiber based light source (2005)

We report on a novel and simple light source for short-wavelength two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy based on the visible nonsolitonic radiation from a photonic crystal fiber. We demonstrate tunability of the light source by varying the wavelength and intensity of the Ti:Sapphire excitation light source. The visible nonsolitonic radiation is used as an excitation light source for two-photon fluorescence microscopy of tryptophan powder.
Exploring the cloud from passive measurements: The Amazon AWS case (2013)

This paper presents a characterization of Amazon's Web Services (AWS), the most prominent cloud provider that offers computing, storage, and content delivery platforms. Leveraging passive measurements, we explore the EC2, S3 and CloudFront AWS services to unveil their infrastructure, the pervasiveness of content they host, and their traffic allocation policies. Measurements reveal that most of the content residing on EC2 and S3 is served by one Amazon datacenter, located in Virginia, which appears to be the worst performing one for Italian users. This causes traffic to take long and expensive paths in the network. Since no automatic migration and load-balancing policies are offered by AWS among different locations, content is exposed to the risks of outages. The CloudFront CDN, on the contrary, shows much better performance thanks to the effective cache selection policy that serves 98% of the traffic from the nearest available cache. CloudFront exhibits also dynamic load-balancing policies, in contrast to the static allocation of instances on EC2 and S3. Information presented in this paper will be useful for developers aiming at entrusting AWS to deploy their contents, and for researchers willing to improve cloud design.
Integrated force arrays: theory and modeling of static operation (1995)

Integrated force arrays (IFAs) are a novel means of microelectromechanical actuation. They are membranes that consist of thousands of micron-scale deformable capacitors and are capable of contraction and force exertion in one dimension by application of an applied voltage. The theory and modeling of the static operation of a representative unit device and an array is presented. The electrostatic and elastic forces present in the system are considered and classical beam theory and superposition are applied to calculate the voltage-induced closure and force generation of the networks without the aid of finite element analysis. It is shown that contraction and force generation are expected at reasonable voltages for these modular structures: Ideal system contraction on the order of 40% is possible and minimum external forces of 4500 /spl mu/N/mm/sup 2/ are expected with the application of 50 V.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Applying Polymer Chemistry to Interfaces:  Layer-by-Layer and Spontaneous Growth of Covalently Bound Multilayers (2000)

We report on the covalent layer-by-layer growth of multilayers of diphenylmethane derivatives where interlayer bonding is through a urea moiety. We demonstrate two routes to the growth of multilayer structures. The first method uses alternating copolymerization chemistry where isocyanate-containing monomers are reacted with amine-containing monomers, leading to growth that is controlled layer-by-layer. The second route uses isocyanate-functionalized monomers and hydrolysis to achieve layer growth, leading to spontaneous polymerization and less well-controlled layer growth. Both routes produce chemically identical structures as determined by 13C NMR, FTIR, and UV−visible spectroscopies.
A Remote USB Architecture for Virtual Machine Oriented Device Sharing and Transparent Mgration (2012)

IaaS cloud environments which are driven by virtualization technologies enable managing applications and resources in a cost-efficient way and become the main operating environments of modern data centers. While, in such environments, how to use remote peripheral devices in a virtual machine (VM) becomes a key research problem, and the problem is aggravated when facing VM migration. The state of the art migration technologies lack for the consideration of peripheral devices, which can result in data loss. To address these two problems, the paper presents a remote USB architecture, which consists of two parts: the virtual machine oriented USB device sharing (VMDS) and transparent virtual USB device migration (TVDM). VMDS is used to share locally attached USB devices to remote virtual machines, and TVDM supports continuous accessing to remote devices during virtual machine live migration. A system based on Linux and KVM is implemented to demonstrate the ideas. Experimental evaluations illustrate the system's excellent usability and performance.
Sin3 corepressor function in Myc-induced transcription and transformation. (1996)

Many basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (b-HLH-LZ) proteins, including the Myc family and non-Myc family, bind a common DNA sequence CACGTG, yet have quite different biological actions. Myc binds this sequence as a heterodimer with Max in the activation of both transcription and transformation. The Myc family members Mad and Mxi1 are known to suppress Myc-induced transcription and transformation and to dimerize with Max to form ternary complexes with the mammalian Sin3 transcriptional corepressor (mSin3). The b-HLH-LZ domain of TFEB, which cannot heterodimerize within the Myc family, does not suppress Myc-induced transcription or transformation. However, transfer of a 25- to 36-aa region from Mad or Mxi1, which interacts with mSin3, to the b-HLH-LZ of TFEB, mediated profound suppression of Myc-induced transcription and transformation. These results suggest that the DNA binding specificities of the Myc family and non-Myc family b-HLH-LZ proteins, in the context of the cellular genes involved in Myc-induced transformation, are shared. The results also demonstrate that targeting mSin3 to CACGTG sites via a non-Myc family DNA binding domain is sufficient to oppose Myc activity in growth regulation.
Impact of flash annealing on performance and reliability of high-&#x003BA;/metal-gate MOSFETs for sub-45 nm CMOS (2007)

The use of millisecond annealing to meet ultra-shallow junction (USJ) requirements for sub-45 nm CMOS technologies is imperative. In this study, a detailed investigation of the effects of flash annealing on MOSFETs with Hf-based gate dielectric and metal gate electrodes is presented. The flash anneal process is found to be compatible with the high-κ/metal gate stack, in terms of gate dielectric reliability, and effective to achieve the benefits of USJ. However, it can lead to significantly degraded MOSFET performance due to defect generation in the interfacial SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> layer, unless a post-metallization anneal is performed.
Calibration of an FT-IR Spectrometer for Ambient Air Monitoring Using PLS (1997)

The objective of this work has been to develop a robust calibration method for simultaneous multigas detection with a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) system. Calibration models for the identification and quantification of 23 gases in the presence of high concentrations of background gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane have been obtained for an FT-IR instrument with 0.7-cm −1 resolution. The calibration models have been tested on a breadboard instrument for trace gas measurement in manned space missions. The results show that FT-IR combined with multivariate methods such as partial least-squares (PLS) and proper pretreatment of the infrared spectra used in calibration is well suited for this purpose. A procedure for baseline drift compensation has been introduced to make the system insensitive to baseline drift and variations in transmittance. This baseline drift compensation also reduces the need for background measurements. Further, a procedure for incorporating a priori information about the instrument signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the absorption strength of interfering absorption lines has been developed. Indoor air monitoring and industrial process monitoring are other possible application areas for these techniques. Parts of this work have been performed in a project for the European Space Agency (ESA) in cooperation with Kayser-Threde GmbH and Daimler-Benz Aerospace, Dornier GmbH.