gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of Transesophageal Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography in the Identification of Individual Segment/Scallop Prolapse of the Mitral Valve (2003)

We evaluated the potential usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in assessing individual scallop/segment prolapse in 36 adult patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP) undergoing surgical correction. Intraoperative 3D TEE correctly identified the location of scallop/segment prolapse in 34 of 36 patients (94%). However, in 6 of these patients 3D TEE images revealed more scallops or segments with prolapse than the surgeon noted intraoperatively. Prolapse of these areas was less prominent and this could possibly explain the lack of correlation with the surgical findings in these patients. In another 2 patients areas of prolapse seen by the surgeon were missed by 3D TEE because some of those scallops/segments could not be well imaged due to image "drop out" and artifacts. Thus, perfect correlation between 3D TEE and surgery was noted in 28 of 36 (78%) patients. Noncoaptation of the MV was also identified in 2 patients. The prolapsed area of posterior (n = 28 observations) and anterior (n = 9 observations) MV leaflets ranged from 1 cm2 to 9 cm2 (mean 3.50 cm2+/- 2.14) and 1.20 cm2 to 5.99 cm2 (mean 3.21 cm2+/- 1.33), respectively. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement for location and area of MVP was excellent (r = 0.97 and r = 0.99, respectively; all P values are <0.0001). In conclusion, 3D TEE is useful in identifying the location of MVP. It may also be potentially useful in assessing the extent of individual scallop/segment prolapse and identifying sites of MV noncoaptation. This information could aid the surgeon in deciding the extent of MV resection.
Tumors of the skin. XI. Effect of occlusive dressing on the local administration of 5-fluorouracil to superficial basal cell carcinoma. (1969)

In previous studies (1, 2, 3, 4) local administration of 5-Fluorouracilt (5-FU) was found to have marked effects upon the natural course of single and multiple basal cell epitheliomas. When 5-FU cream was applied to large areas of superficial basal cell carcinoma the concentration of 5-FU did not seem to affect greatly the degree of tumor regression (2). In a later more systematic study (4) a statistically significant difference in the effects of four concentrations of 5-FU cream (0.5%, 0.5%, 5.0%, 20.0%) upon tumor regression could not be demonstrated. However, the mode of administration did seem to influence greatly the proportion of tumors which underwent resolution. A larger number of tumors regressed when the study sites were covered with plastic occlusive dressings than when the sites were left uncovered (2). The present study was carried out to re-examine and evaluate the impression that the effect of topical 5-FU on superficial basal cell carcinomas is significantly influenced by the use of a plastic occlusive dressing.
Detection of Induction Motor Faults in Inverter Drives Using Inverter Input Current Analysis (2010)

Broken rotor bar/end-ring and eccentricity are common faults in squirrel-cage induction motors and have been thoroughly investigated in the case of ac grid supply. In this paper, these types of faults are studied in the case of inverter-driven motors. More specifically, a novel investigation in inverter input current spectrum is made in order to reliably detect the fault-indicative frequency components. These harmonics give the ability for fault detection and classification, even under low load and low motor severity fault condition in steady-state or transient operation. The proposed diagnostic method has been particularly designed for open-loop controlled variable frequency induction motor drives, which is a usual case in low-cost industrial drives where precise speed control of the motor is not required. Moreover, an alternative technique is also presented in case the stator current is measured.
Multispectral analysis of uterine corpus tumors in magnetic resonance imaging (1992)

The goal of this prospective study was to evaluate multispectral analysis techniques for automatic recognition of uterine cancer in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The first part of this study was an open training phase in which the statistical parameters of the various normal and pathological tissue types were estimated. This was followed by a test phase that was done as a blind experiment. Results from an extensive pathological examination of the surgically removed organs served as the reference for the diagnosis and various geometric measurements of the lesions. A radiological examination of the MR images was also performed. All malignant test tumors were correctly or close to correctly classified. However, parts of normal endometrium and other mucosal linings were also classified as adenocarcinomas. In addition, parts of some of the malignant tumors were classified as normal endometrium. The geometrical extension of the tumor and its relationship to the surroundings were slightly better predicted than those obtained by the radiologist. The results indicate that it is possible to differentiate and determine the local extension of some types of uterine malignancies based on the information present in MR images.
Air‐Stable Complementary‐like Circuits Based on Organic Ambipolar Transistors (2006)

Air stable complementary-like circuits, such as voltage inverters (see figure) and ring oscillators, are fabricated using ambipolar organic transistors based on a nickel dithiolene derivative. In addition to the complementary-like character of the circuits, the technology is very simple and fully compatible with the process flowchart for state-of-the-art unipolar organic circuits.
MEMS-based bubble pressure sensor for prosthetic socket interface pressure measurement (2011)

The ability to chronically monitor pressure at the prosthetic socket/residual limb interface could provide important data to the research and clinical communities. With this application in mind, we describe a novel type of sensor which consists of a MEMS pressure sensor and custom electronics packaged in a fluid-filled bubble. The sensor is characterized and compared to two commercially-available technologies. The bubble sensor has excellent drift performance and good sensing resolution. It exhibits hysteresis which may be due to the silicone that the sensor is molded in. To reduce hysteresis, it may be advisable to place the sensor between the liner and the socket rather molding directly into the liner.
Preclinical antitumor activity of bizelesin in mice. (1996)

Bizelesin (U-77779, NSC 615291), a synthetic analogue of the cytotoxic antibiotic CC-1065, is a bifunctional alkylating agent that produces DNA interstrand cross-links. Bizelesin was evaluated for antitumor activity against a broad spectrum of syngeneic murine tumors and human tumor xenografts in mice. Systemic drug administration produced >6.7 log10 cell kill against i.p. implanted P388 and L1210 leukemias and 80% tumor-free survivors against s.c. implanted L1210. Against i.p. implanted B16 melanoma, i.p. drug administration produced a 158%; increase in life span with 25% tumor-free survivors, whereas i.v. drug administration produced only a 67% increase in life span with no tumor-free survivors. More than 1.0 log10 cell kill was observed at low microgram/kg doses in several human tumor models representing diverse histiotypes (CAKI-1 renal, LX-1 lung, HT-29 colon, LOX IMVI and UACC-62 melanomas, and MX-1 mammary). Less than 1.0 log10 cell kill was exhibited in other tumor models (Lewis lung, colon 38, pancreatic 02, MCF7 mammary, and SK-MEL-3 melanoma). Bizelesin was optimally active when administered i.v. Although antitumor activity was independent of the schedule of administration, greater total doses were tolerated on the more prolonged schedules in any given experiment. Therapeutic doses of bizelesin did not produce delayed deaths, which had previously been observed for the parent compound CC-1065. However, recovery of lost weight was not attained until 16-30 days posttherapy. Bizelesin was as active against murine leukemia sublines resistant to cisplatin, melphalan, and 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea as against the parental line but was totally inactive against a doxorubicin-resistant subline. The complete cross-resistance of the doxorubicin-resistant subline to bizelesin suggests that bizelesin may be a substrate for the efflux pump that causes multidrug resistance. Due to its breadth of antitumor activity, potency, unique mechanism of action, and lack of cross-resistance with other alkylating agents, bizelesin was selected for development in clinical trials by the National Cancer Institute and the Upjohn Company. Toxicological studies and pharmaceutical development have been completed, and clinical trials are planned to start in the summer of 1996.
Towards Full Automation of Deduction : A Case Study (1996)

We present first steps towards fully automated deduction that merely requires the user to submit proof problems and pick up results. Essentially, this necessitates the automation of the crucial step in the use of a deduction system, namely choosing and configuring an appropriate search-guiding heuristic. Furthermore, we motivate why learning capabilities are pivotal for satisfactory performance. The infrastructure for automating both the selection of a heuristic and integration of learning are provided in form of an environment embedding the "core" deduction system. \nWe have conducted a case study in connection with a deduction system based on condensed detachment. Our experiments with a fully automated deduction system 'AutoCoDe' have produced remarkable results. We substantiate AutoCoDe's encouraging achievements with a comparison with the renowned theorem prover OTTER. AutoCoDe outperforms OTTER even when assuming very favorable conditions for OTTER.
Field emission from single-crystalline HfC nanowires (2012)

Single HfC nanowire field emitter/electrode structures have been fabricated using nano-assembling and electron beam induced deposition. Field ion microscopy has been applied to study the atomic arrangement of facets formed on a field evaporation-modified HfC nanowire tip. Field evaporation and crystal form studies suggest that the {111} and {110} crystal planes have lower work functions, while the {100}, {210}, and {311} planes have higher work functions. Field emission measurement permits us to obtain that the work function of the {111} crystal plane is about 3.4 eV.
Asymmetric Synthesis of the Aminocyclitol Pactamycin, a Universal Translocation Inhibitor (2013)

An asymmetric total synthesis of the aminocyclopentitol pactamycin is described. The title compound is delivered in 15 steps from 2,4-pentanedione. Critical to this approach was the exploitation of a complex symmetry-breaking reduction strategy to assemble the C1, C2, and C7 relative stereochemistry within the first four steps of the synthesis. Multiple iterations of this reduction strategy are described, and a thorough analysis of stereochemical outcomes is detailed. In the final case, an asymmetric Mannich reaction was developed to install a protected amine directly at the C2 position. Symmetry-breaking reduction of this material gave way to a remarkable series of stereochemical outcomes leading to the title compound without recourse to nonstrategic downstream manipulations. This synthesis is immediately accommodating to the preparation of structural analogs.
Description of Roseateles aquatilis sp. nov. and Roseateles terrae sp. nov., in the class Betaproteobacteria, and emended description of the genus Roseateles (2008)

Three strains of aerobic Gram-negative bacilli, two isolated from industrial water and freshwater (strains CCUG 48205(T) and CCUG 52220) and the third from soil (strain CCUG 52222(T)), were analysed phenotypically and genotypically to clarify their taxonomic classification. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the three strains were located on the same phylogenetic branch, closely related to Roseateles depolymerans, the only recognized species in the genus. DNA-DNA hybridization studies, analyses of fatty acid contents, and physiological and biochemical tests supported the proposal of two novel species, Roseateles aquatilis sp. nov. (type strain, CCUG 48205(T)=CECT 7248(T)) and Roseateles terrae sp. nov. (type strain, CCUG 52222(T)=CECT 7247(T)).
Inherently Functionalized Carbon from Lipid and Protein-Rich Biomass to Reduce Ultraviolet-Induced Damages in Bituminous Materials (2020)

This paper examines the merits of using an inherently functionalized carbon, referred to as biochar as a free radical scavenger. The biochar was made from thermochemical liquefaction of a blend of algae (rich in protein and nucleic acids) and manure (rich in lipid). Here, we studied biochar's efficacy as a free-radical scavenger and ultraviolet blocker to qualify it as an anti-aging additive in construction, including roofing shingles made from the bituminous composite. The study's results show that the addition of biochar to bitumen significantly reduced the aging of bitumen. All tested biochars made from various relative proportions of algae and swine manure were found to be effective at reducing the extent of aging; however, the biochar made from algae alone was the most effective. The algal biochar was found to be an effective antiaging additive delaying aging up to 36%, as evidenced by lower rheology and the chemistry-based aging index compared to those of control bitumen after being exposed to the same aging protocol. Algal biochar was found to be more effective than other studied biochar scenarios owing to its inherently functionalized nature. The latter result could be attributed to the high surface area and rich phenol functional groups in algal biochar, turning it into an effective free-radical scavenger. The study outcome highlights the applicability of this inherently functionalized carbon referred to as biochar in construction to enhance sustainability while promoting the circular economy and the biomass value chain.
Use of Imatinib in the Prevention of Heterotopic Ossification (2013)

The successful reduction of HO formation following imatinib administration has led to further insight concerning the pathogenesis of HO which in the future may lead to new clinical approaches towards the prevention of HO.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Thymol: Inhibitory Effect on the Release of Human Neutrophil Elastase (2006)

Elastase, a serine proteinase released by activated human neutrophils, can degrade a wide variety of biomacromolecules including elastin, and is considered a marker of inflammatory diseases. As the logical strategy to protect tissue is to inhibit excessive elastase activity, experimental and clinical researches have concentrated on trying to find efficient elastase inhibitors. As thymol, one of the major components of thyme oil with a phenolic structure, has been credited with a series of pharmacological properties, that include antimicrobial and antioxidant effects, the aim of this study was to explore whether it can also interfere with the release of elastase by human neutrophils stimulated with the synthetic chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). After the neutrophils were incubated with increasing amounts of thymol (2.5, 5, 10, 20 microg/ml), elastase release was initiated by fMLP and measured using MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-MCA. The results showed that thymol inhibited fMLP-induced elastase release in a concentration-dependent manner, with the effects of 10 and 20 microg/ml being statistically significant. The behavior of cytosolic calcium mobilization revealed by fura-2 closely resembled that of elastase, thus suggesting that they may be related. The hydrophobic nature of thymol means that it can approach ion channel proteins through the lipid phase of the membrane, alter the local environment of calcium channels and thus inhibit capacitative calcium entry. In brief, thymol inactivates calcium channels machinery, thus triggering a corresponding reduction in elastase. The antibacterial and antimycotic activity of thymol is already well known, but our findings that it inhibits elastase extend our knowledge of the anti-inflammatory activity of this interesting molecule that is already credited with antioxidant activity. These two latter characteristics make thymol a molecule that can have helpful effects in controlling the inflammatory processes present in many infections.
Transplantation of multipotent progenitors from the adult olfactory epithelium (1998)

Mammalian olfactory epithelium produces new neurons rapidly throughout adulthood. Here, we demonstrate that precursor cells harvested from the adult olfactory epithelium, when transplanted into the nasal mucosa of host rats exposed previously to an olfactotoxic gas, engraft and participate in neuroepithelial reconstitution. In contrast to their normal neuronal fate in situ, grafted precursors harvested from bulbectomized donors produced non-neuronal cells as well as neurons. These results demonstrate that epithelial precursors activated following olfactory bulbectomy are not irreversibly committed to making neurons. Thus, olfactory progenitors are subject to a form of feedback control in vivo that regulates the types of cells that they produce within a broader-than-neuronal repertoire.
Interplay between Notch1 and Notch3 promotes EMT and tumor initiation in squamous cell carcinoma (2017)

Notch1 transactivates Notch3 to drive terminal differentiation in stratified squamous epithelia. Notch1 and other Notch receptor paralogs cooperate to act as a tumor suppressor in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). However, Notch1 can be stochastically activated to promote carcinogenesis in murine models of SCC. Activated form of Notch1 promotes xenograft tumor growth when expressed ectopically. Here, we demonstrate that Notch1 activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are coupled to promote SCC tumor initiation in concert with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β present in the tumor microenvironment. We find that TGFβ activates the transcription factor ZEB1 to repress Notch3, thereby limiting terminal differentiation. Concurrently, TGFβ drives Notch1-mediated EMT to generate tumor initiating cells characterized by high CD44 expression. Moreover, Notch1 is activated in a small subset of SCC cells at the invasive tumor front and predicts for poor prognosis of esophageal SCC, shedding light upon the tumor promoting oncogenic aspect of Notch1 in SCC.
Dual Functionality of Cyclooxygenase-2 as a Regulator of Tumor Necrosis Factor–Mediated G <sub>1</sub> Shortening and Nitric Oxide–Mediated Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation (2003)

The COX-2-dependent proliferative response of VSMCs to TNF was modulated in an NO-dependent manner, and PGI2 derived from COX-2 might contribute to the antiproliferative effect of NO donors.
Efficient Smoothing of Robust VBR Video Traffic by Explicit Slice-based Mode Type Selection (2007)

Variable bit rate encoding is considered to outper- form constant bit rate encoding with regard to compression gain and constancy of the video quality. The drawback is, however, that variable bit rate video streams usually exhibit a significant degree of burstiness which may result in poor multiplexing properties, buffer overflows, and large network delays. In this work we show how the explicit selection of slice mode types can effectively be used to generally avoid the use of large intracoded frames while still providing robustness against packet losses in the network. The employed encoding scheme provides a considerable smoothing of variable bit rate video traffic, resulting in less delay, less delay jitter, and less loss due to buffer overflows and late arrivals. It preserves the efficiency of variable bit rate video encoding, has little overhead, and is in accordance with current video coding standards.
Synthesis of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films on nickel-based superalloy using <i>in</i> <i>situ</i> pulsed laser deposition (1990)

Good quality superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films have been grown on nickel-based superalloy, viz., Hastelloy with yttria-stabilized zirconia buffer layers employing a single chamber in situ pulsed laser deposition process. YBa2Cu3O7−δ films were found to be textured with c axis perpendicular to the substrate. A plot of normalized resistance against temperature exhibited a smooth metallic behavior followed by an onset superconducting transition at 92 K with the zero resistance temperature (Tc0) of 86 K. Critical current density for these films at 77 K was ∼7000 A cm−2 and critical current (Ic) was observed to be proportional to (1 − T/Tc0)1.4.
14β-<i>O</i>-Cinnamoylnaltrexone and Related Dihydrocodeinones are Mu Opioid Receptor Partial Agonists with Predominant Antagonist Activity (2009)

14-O-Cinnamoyl esters of naltrexone (6) were synthesized and evaluated in isolated tissue assays in vitro and in vivo in mouse antinociceptive assays. Their predominant opioid receptor activity was mu receptor (MOR) antagonism, but the unsubstituted cinnamoyl derivative (6a) had partial MOR agonist activity in vitro and in vivo. When compared to the equivalent 14-cinnamoylaminomorphinones (5), the cinnamoyloxy morphinones (6) as MOR antagonists had a shorter duration of action and were less effective as pseudoirreversible antagonists. The antinociceptive activity of the cinnamoyloxycodeinones (7) was not significantly greater than that of the morphinones (6), but they exhibited no evidence of any pseudoirreversible MOR antagonism. In both respects, these profiles differed from those of the equivalent 14-cinnamoylaminocodeinones (4).
Fourier transform infrared studies of proteins using nonaqueous solvents. Effects of methanol and ethylene glycol on albumin and immunoglobulin G (1987)

An infrared/attenuated total reflection (ATR) technique has been utilized to study the structural changes in proteins induced by nonaqueous solvents, without the need of dissolving the protein in the nonaqueous solvent. For the two proteins studied, methanol and ethylene glycol caused similar changes in albumin, i.e., an increase in helix secondary structure. However, the two solvents had dissimilar effects on immunoglobulin G (IgG). Changes in the pH of aqueous solutions of IgG produced a third effect. By dissolving some IgG in ethylene glycol and then adsorbing IgG from this solution onto an ATR crystal, the time behavior of the adsorption process could be studied and a mechanism for the structural changes proposed.
Analytical chemistry of the citrate process for flue gas desulfurization (1980)

The citrate process for flue gas desulfurization (FGD) is a product of continuing research by the US Bureau of Mines to meet the goal of minimizing the objectionable effects of minerals industry operations upon the environment. The reduction of SO/sub 2/ in solution by H/sub 2/S to produce elemental sulfur by the citrate process is extremely complex and results in solutions that contain at least nine different sulfur species. Process solution analysis is essential to a clear understanding of process chemistry and its safe, efficient operation. The various chemical species, the approximate ranges of their concentrations in citrate process solutions, and the analytical methods evolved to determine them are hydrogen sulfide (approx. 0M to 0.06M) by specific ion electrode, polysulfides (unknown) by ultraviolet (uv) spectrophotometry, elemental sulfur (approx. 0M to approx. 0.001M dissolved, approx. 0M to approx. 0.1M suspended) by uv spectrophotometry, thiosulfate (approx. 0M to approx. 0.25M) by iodometry or high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), polythionates (approx. 0M to approx. 0.01M) by thin layer chromatography (TLC), dithionite (searched for but not detected in process solutions) by polarography or TLC, bisulfite (approx. 0M to 0.2M) by iodometry, sulfate (approx. 0M to 1M) by a Bureau-developed gravimetric procedure, citric acid (approx.more » 0M to 0.5M) by titration or visible colorimetry, glycolic acid (approx. 0M to 1M) by HPLC, sodium (approx. 1.5M) by flame photometry, and chloride by argentometric titration.« less