gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical correlations with chemosensitivities measured in a rapid thymidine incorporation assay. (1984)

A rapid assay for in vitro chemosensitivity testing measuring [3H]thymidine incorporation has been developed. Results of this assay correlate highly with chemosensitivities determined by the soft-agar clonogenic assay. A correlative study was carried out on 219 solid tumor specimens to assess the ability of the rapid assay to predict clinical response to antineoplastic therapy. One hundred forty-two of 219 tumors (65%) yielded chemosensitivity data. Of these, 33 were evaluable for in vitro-in vivo correlations. In vitro sensitivity (greater than or equal to 80% inhibition of thymidine uptake) was associated with clinical response in 6 of 13 patients. In vitro resistance was associated with progressive disease in 20 of 20 patients. The rapid assay offers several advantages over the soft-agar clonogenic assay, including higher success rate, avoidance of clumping artifact, shorter time course (5 days), and very low false-negative rate. Further refinement may be necessary, but the rapid assay appears to have potential for individualizing solid tumor chemotherapy.
Thermal management of manycore systems with silicon-photonic networks (2014)

Silicon-photonic network-on-chips (NoCs) provide high bandwidth density; therefore, they are promising candidates to replace electrical NoCs in manycore systems. The silicon-photonic NoCs, however, are sensitive to the temperature gradients that typically occur on the chip, and hence, require proactive thermal management. This paper first provides a design space exploration of silicon-photonic networks in manycore systems and quantifies the performance impact of the temperature gradients for various network bandwidths. The paper then introduces a novel job allocation technique that minimizes the temperature gradients among the ring modulators/filters to improve the application performance. Experimental results for a single-chip 256-core system demonstrate that our policy is able to maintain the maximum network bandwidth. Compared to existing workload allocation policies, the proposed policy improves system performance by up to 26.1% when running a single application and 18.3% for multi-program scenarios.
Mobile computing at the edge (2013)

Edge environments, such as those in which first responders and military personnel operate in, are characterized by dynamic context, limited computing resources, intermittent network connectivity, and high levels of stress. First responders and soldiers can use handheld devices in these environments to help with tasks such as speech and image recognition, natural language processing, decision-making and mission planning. Unfortunately, commercial mobile solutions often do not work in these environments because they not address the challenges of being at the edge. This talk discusses a set of architecture patterns as well as open areas of research for designing and implementing mobile systems in edge environments.
Testing General Relativity with Atom Interferometry (2007)

The unprecedented precision of atom interferometry will soon lead to laboratory tests of general relativity to levels that will rival or exceed those reached by astrophysical observations. We propose such an experiment that will initially test the equivalence principle to 1 part in 10(15) (300 times better than the current limit), and 1 part in 10(17) in the future. It will also probe general relativistic effects - such as the nonlinear three-graviton coupling, the gravity of an atom's kinetic energy, and the falling of light - to several decimals. In contrast with astrophysical observations, laboratory tests can isolate these effects via their different functional dependence on experimental variables.
Very high voltage integration in SOI based on a new floating channel technology (2002)

Summary form only given. For smart power devices, SOI HV device integration is an attractive technology. It allows integration of MOS controlled bipolar power transistors or thyristors and bidirectional AC power switches, with dielectric isolation between control and high potential regions. Si direct bonding was expected to be a successful VHV SOI technology, as >1 kV isolation to the handle wafer was expected for 2 /spl mu/m bonding oxide thickness. A major drawback, however, arises from the back-gate effect due to electric field extension into the SOI at high potentials, e.g. high anode voltage. An inversion channel which would shield the Si from high fields is extracted by the lateral electric field, leading to punchthrough or avalanche generation at the anode, trying to restore the channel and thus generating high blocking currents. Relatively thick SOI layers (/spl ap/20 /spl mu/m) are thus necessary to obtain devices with 500-600 V blocking capability for 220 V operation, and larger thicknesses are necessary for bidirectional AC switches. Trench isolation becomes very expensive and extension to 1 kV devices for integrated power electronic transistor drivers is not possible. We propose a new technique based on dielectric micro-barriers which enable formation of floating channel segments, based on the consideration that partial inversion channel formation shields the Si from high electric fields, when channel extraction can be prohibited, and that closely spaced channel segments have the same electrostatic effect as a continuous channel. By varying segment width, a quasicontinuous channel charge density variation can be obtained.
Synthesis of a New Polymeric Host Material for Efficient Organic Electro-Phosphorescent Devices (2008)

We have synthesized a new polymeric host material for phosphorescent dyes, which can be used in phosphorescent light-emitting layers. An alternating copolymer, composed of N-alkylcarbazole and tetramethylbenzene units was synthesized through the Suzuki coupling reaction. We fabricated electro-phosphorescent devices using the synthesized polymeric host doped with solution-processible green and red phosphorescent dyes. Light-emitting devices have an ITO/PEDOT/polymer + dopant/Balq3/Alq3/LiF/Al configuration. The device containing one of two studied green dopants (designated as green 1) in the polymeric host showed the best performance, with a maximum luminous efficiency of 29 cd/A. A thin film of this polymeric was successfully patterned by laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI), and an electro-phosphorescent device was fabricated using the patterned film. This patterned device showed performance characteristics similar to those of a spin-coated device.
A Novel Approach to Introduce Site-Directed Specific Cross-Links Within RNA-Protein Complexes. Application to the Escherichia Coli Threonyl-tRNA Synthetase/Translational Operator Complex (1995)

We describe a methodology which allows the introduction of a photoactivatable azido group at specific internal positions of any RNA in order to identify the neighboring elements of an interacting protein. The first step involves site-directed modification of the target RNA with an antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide bearing, at its 3′ or 5′ phosphate, a 4-[-N -(2-chloroethyl)-N -methylamino]benzylmethylamino group. Position N7 of a guanine residue located in the close vicinity of the hybrid is the main target for alkylation. The antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide is then removed by acidic pH treatment and a photoreactive reagent (2,4-dinitro-5-fluorophenylazide) is condensed to the modified nucleotide. This method was used to induce specific cross-links between Escherichia coli threonyl-tRNA synthetase and the leader region of threonyl-tRNA synthetase mRNA, which is involved in translational feedback regulation. Control experiments revealed that the modification affects neither the structure of the mRNA nor the interaction with the enzyme. More than 50% of the modified mRNA complexed with threonyl-tRNA synthetase can be cross-linked to the enzyme, depending on the nucleotide modified.
Specificity and versatility of nucleating agents toward isotactic polypropylene crystal phases (2002)

Abstract Nucleating agents with an ≈6.5 Å lattice parameter induced the α phase of isotactic polypropylene (iPP, α‐iPP). A 6.5 Å periodicity is also involved in the nucleating agents for the β phase of iPP (β‐iPP). The similarity in substrate periodicities suggests that some nucleating agents may induce either the α or β phase under different crystallization conditions. 4‐Fluorobenzoic acid, dicyclohexylterephthalamide, and γ‐quinacridone (the latter two are known as β‐iPP nucleators) were tested over a wide range of crystallization temperatures [up to crystallization temperature ( T c ) > 145 °C]. The two former nucleating agents induce exclusively α‐iPP and β‐iPP, respectively. γ‐Quinacridone on the contrary is a versatile agent with respect to the crystal phase generated. More specifically, the same crystal face of γ‐quinacridone induces either β‐iPP or α‐iPP when T c is below or above ≈140 °C. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2504–2515, 2002
Effects of the Annealing Temperature and CdCl<sub>2</sub> Treatment on the Photovoltaic Properties of the CdS/CdTe Solar Cell (1998)

Effects of the annealing temperature and CdCl 2 treatment of CdTe films prepared by vacuum evaporation on structural properties of the CdTe films and photovoltaic properties of thin film CdS/CdTe solar cells were investigated. The crystal structure of as-deposited CdTe films was zincblende type with preferential orientation of the (111) plane parallel to the substrate. The preferential orientation of the (111) plane in CdTe films decreased, and the grain size of CdTe films increased with the increase of the annealing temperature and the CdCl 2 treatment. As increasing annealing temperature, the conversion efficiency of the CdS/CdTe solar cells without and with CdCl 2 was increased due to increasing grain size and improving crystalline of CdTe films. However, the efficiency of cells annealed at the temperature of higher than 500°C for cells without CdCl 2 treatment and 450°C for cells with CdCl 2 treatment was reduced because of increasing reverse saturation current density and series resistance.
Soft-DTW: a Differentiable Loss Function for Time-Series (2017)

We propose in this paper a differentiable learning loss between time series, building upon the celebrated dynamic time warping (DTW) discrepancy. Unlike the Euclidean distance, DTW can compare time series of variable size and is robust to shifts or dilatations across the time dimension. To compute DTW, one typically solves a minimal-cost alignment problem between two time series using dynamic programming. Our work takes advantage of a smoothed formulation of DTW, called soft-DTW, that computes the soft-minimum of all alignment costs. We show in this paper that soft-DTW is a differentiable loss function, and that both its value and gradient can be computed with quadratic time/space complexity (DTW has quadratic time but linear space complexity). We show that this regularization is particularly well suited to average and cluster time series under the DTW geometry, a task for which our proposal significantly outperforms existing baselines. Next, we propose to tune the parameters of a machine that outputs time series by minimizing its fit with ground-truth labels in a soft-DTW sense.
Single tapered fiber tip for simultaneous measurements of thickness, refractive index and distance to a sample (2015)

We demonstrate the capability of an air cavity Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI), built with a tapered lead-in fiber tip, to measure three parameters simultaneously, distance, group refractive index and thickness of transparent samples introduced in the cavity. Tapering the lead-in fiber enhances the light coupling back efficiency, therefore is possible to enlarge the air cavity without a significant deterioration of the fringe visibility. Fourier transformation, used to analyze the reflected optical spectrum of our FPI, simplify the calculus to determine the position, thickness and refractive index. Samples made of 7 different glasses; fused silica, BK7, BalF5, SF2, BaF51, SF15, and glass slides were used to test our FPI. Each sample was measured nine times and the results for position, thickness and refractive index showed differences of ± 0.7%, ± 0.1%, and ± 0.16% respectively. The evolution of thickness and refractive index of a block of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer due to temperature changes in the range of 25°C to 90°C were also measured. The coefficients of the thermal expansion and thermo-optic estimated were α = 4.71x10(-4)/°C and dn/dT = -4.66 x10(-4) RIU/°C, respectively.
Using device simulations to optimize ESD protection circuits (2004)

As integrated circuits are getting more and more complex, they are becoming increasingly vulnerable to transient disturbances (e.g. to electrostatic discharges, ESD). The development approaches for on-chip ESD protection devices often have a very experimental character: ESD designers make use of trial-and-error procedures to evaluate many variations of protection structures. This methodology is very time-consuming, as it can require several redesigns to find proper ESD protection devices for a given process technology. Also, from one process generation to the next, already well-established ESD structures may completely change their ESD behavior. Now, more sophisticated design approaches make use of TCAD-based techniques. Simulations of ESD circuits provide a deeper understanding of the functionality of their protection behavior. In this paper we show how such simulation techniques have been successfully used to design an efficient trigger-circuit for SCR, a specific class of very powerful ESD protection devices.
Eryptosis, a Window to Systemic Disease (2008)

Similar to apoptosis of nucleated cells, suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing and membrane phospholipid scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface. Signaling of eryptosis involves formation of prostaglandin E(2) with subsequent activation of cation channels and Ca(2+)-entry and/or release of platelet activating factor (PAF) with subsequent activation of sphingomyelinase and formation of ceramide. Ca(2+) and ceramide stimulate cell membrane scrambling. Ca(2+) further activates Ca(2+)-sensitive K(+)-channels leading to cellular KCl loss and cell shrinkage and stimulates the protease calpain resulting in degradation of the cytoskeleton. Injuries triggering eryptosis may similarly compromise survival of nucleated cells. The case is made that analysis of enhanced eryptosis may direct to the pathophysiology of systemic disease. Examples presented include drug side effects, sepsis, haemolytic uremic syndrome, Wilson's disease, phosphate depletion and a rare condition caused by a mutation in GLUT1 turning the carrier into a cation channel.
Catalytic aspects of ceria-zirconia solid solution: Part-I An update in the synthesis, properties and chemical reactions of ceria zirconiasolid solution (2014)

Ceria-zirconia (CZ) solid solution is a promising ecofriendly catalyst for a wide variety of applications in the research field with unlimited role in modern technology. It is a possible alternative solution to the technology industries due to the fact that it fulfils the concept of the zero emission of automotive exhaust gas. The preparation method and composition of the components could determine the particle size, homogeneity, reliability and textural as well as the morphological properties of the CZ solid solution. The properties like surface area, pore volume, pore size, thermal and mechanical stability and surface features have been recognised as the vital parameters inducing the increased catalyst activity in CZ solid solution. This overview paid much special attention on the characteristics, synthesis methods, effect of metal dopants and supports on the CZ solid solution, along with the chemical reactions catalysed by them. Redox property, oxygen storage capacity, effect of composition, calcination temperature, chemical filing process, super-acid properties of CZ solid solutions are also discussed.
Development of a new standard laboratory protocol for estimating the field attenuation of hearing protection devices. Part III. The validity of using subject-fit data (1998)

The mandate of ASA Working Group S12/WG11 has been to develop "laboratory and/or field procedure(s) that yield useful estimates of field performance" of hearing protection devices (HPDs). A real-ear attenuation at threshold procedure was selected, devised, tested via an interlaboratory study, and incorporated into a draft standard that was approved in 1997 [J. D. Royster et at., "Development of a new standard laboratory protocol for estimating the field attenuation of hearing protection devices. Part I. Research of Working Group 11, Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 1506-1526 (1996); ANSI S12.6-1997, "American National Standard Methods for Measuring Real-Ear Attenuation of Hearing Protectors" (American National Standards Institute, New York, 1997)]. The real-world estimation procedure utilizes a subject-fit methodology with listeners who are audiometrically proficient, but inexperienced in the use of HPDs. A key factor in the decision to utilize the subject-fit method was an evaluation of the representativeness of the laboratory data vis-à-vis attenuation values achieved by workers in practice. Twenty-two field studies were reviewed to develop a data base for comparison purposes. Results indicated that laboratory subject-fit attenuation values were typically equivalent to or greater than the field attenuation values, and yielded a better estimate of those values than did experimenter-fit or experimenter-supervised fit types of results. Recent data which are discussed in the paper, but which were not available at the time of the original analyses, confirm the findings.
Zeitgebers (time cues) for biological clocks (2005)

The spatial and temporal aspects of the geophysical environment act as prominent selection forces for the evolution of life on this planet. The spatial features of the environment open up a choice of spatial niches and the temporal aspects on the other hand provide opportunities for adopting different temporal niches. Hence, both the spatial and the temporal properties of the environment together enhance the possibility for living organisms to exploit a given ecological niche at a given time of the day. The temporal selection pressures of the geophysical environment are composed of a number of abiotic factors such as light/dark cycles, temperature cycles, humidity cycles, and a range of biotic factors such as inter-individual interactions, interactions with preys, predators and parasites. Although the study of temporal organization in living organisms is relatively a recent phenomenon in biology, we now have access to a fair amount of knowledge about it in a number organisms ranging from cyanobacteria to humans. In this review, we shall focus mainly on three core questions related to timekeeping in living organisms: How are circadian clocks made to oscillate at desired frequencies?; What are the geophysical cycles that fine-tune circadian clocks?; Why are circadian clocks circadian?
The AGEDIS tools for model based testing (2004)

We describe the tools and interfaces created by the AGEDIS project, a European Commission sponsored project for the creation of a methodology and tools for automated model driven test generation and execution for distributed systems. The project includes an integrated environment for modeling, test generation, test execution, and other test related activities. The tools support a model based testing methodology that features a large degree of automation and also includes a feedback loop integrating coverage and defect analysis tools with the test generator and execution framework. Prototypes of the tools have been tried in industrial settings providing important feedback for the creation of the next generation of tools in this area.
Platelet Inhibition With Ticagrelor 60 mg Versus 90 mg Twice Daily in the PEGASUS-TIMI 54 Trial (2016)

Ticagrelor 60 mg bid achieved high levels of peak and trough platelet inhibition in nearly all patients, similar to that with 90 mg bid, helping to explain the efficacy of the lower ticagrelor dose in PEGASUS-TIMI 54.
Text referencing within computer-based tutorials (1995)

Describes a set of tutorials designed to prepare undergraduate students before they enter a laboratory and carry out an experiment. Without such tutorials, students rarely do such preparation and thus inefficiently use the laboratory and its support staff. The authors have taken a pragmatic approach to the design of these tutorials and based them on the needs of the student and have exploited their own skills at presenting difficult information in a palatable form. The tutorial provides direct access to the course text which is presented in the same way as the paper-based book, with 49 online for example, being the same as page 49 in the real book. The organisational familiarity gained with either the paper-based book or the electronic book readily transfers from one to the other. (3 pages)
Thixotropic compositions: unsaturated polyester resins/ modified bentonites (2007)

Nearly 40 quaternary ammonium chlorides were tested as modifiers of a bentonite (smectic clay). The modified bentonite was used as thixotropic agent for a general purpose unsaturated polyester resin. The modification changed the thermal characteristic of bentonites (DSC) and led to increased distance between layers in bentonite grains (X-ray diffraction). The structure of ammonium salt, namely the kind and size of substituents, had a significant effect on thixotropic properties of unsaturated resin compositions. The thixotropic properties were measured by recording viscosity hysteresis by rotary rheometer and evaluating the absolute and standard thixotropic indices. From the point of view of thixotropic properties of unsaturated polyester compositions, the best quaternary ammonium salt modifier had one benzyl and one slightly branched aliphatic hydrocarbon substituent.
Cover Picture: Direct Ink Writing of 3D Functional Materials (Adv. Funct. Mater. 17/2006) (2006)

Abstract The direct ink writing of three‐dimensional functional materials is detailed in the Feature Article by Lewis on p. 2193. The left side of the cover image displays schematic images that show the conversion of a direct‐write polymer woodpile to a silicon hollow‐woodpile structure. The 3 × 3 image matrix showcases the resulting silicon photonic crystal (center) surrounded by a higher‐magnification view of a representative hollow silicon feature (ca. 1 μm in diameter). The figure was prepared by F. Garcia‐Santamaria, G. M. Gratson, and P. V. Braun. The ability to pattern materials in three dimensions is critical for several technological applications, including composites, microfluidics, photonics, and tissue engineering. Direct‐write assembly allows one to design and rapidly fabricate materials in complex 3D shapes without the need for expensive tooling, dies, or lithographic masks. Here, recent advances in direct ink writing are reviewed with an emphasis on the push towards finer feature sizes. Opportunities and challenges associated with direct ink writing are also highlighted.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide Synthesis (2013)

Abstract Review: 45 refs.