gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ease of donning commercially available powder-free surgical gloves (1996)

There are a wide variety of powder-free gloves that can now be used by surgeons. The purpose of this study was to quantify the forces required to don these powder-free surgical gloves. The lowest donning forces for wet hands was encountered with powder-free gloves coated with a hydrogel polymer. In addition, the hydrogel coated gloves exhibited the least increase in donning forces from dry hands to wet hands. While greater forces were encountered with the other commercially available powder-free gloves than the hydrogel coated gloves, they all could be safely donned on dry hands without tearing.
Monitoring Circulatable Hole with Real-Time Correction: Case Histories (1995)

Abstract This paper presents case histories that demonstrate the utility and economy of monitoring circulatable hole (CH) immediately before a primary cement job, and then taking real-time action to correct any deficiencies detected. Although it is well established that effective hole-cleaning is critical to the success of a cementing job, a reliable method has only recently been made available for continuously monitoring the volume of the casing-to-wellbore annulus. Accurately determining the annular volume involved in the circulation process is the key to verifying that the hole is clean. Traditionally, operators have circulated the annulus for an arbitrary length of time; CH monitoring, however, has allowed for accurate assessment of hole condition with as much as 75% less circulation time before cementing. The case histories presented describe methods used to correct CH deficiencies once they are established. These methods include Pumping at higher rates Rotating and/or reciprocating pipe Adding spacers/flushes to the mud system Based on the case histories presented, the following benefits can be derived from the new measurement method: Circulation times originally averaging 2 hours may be reduced to as little as 30 minutes. Pipe movement can contribute greatly to the amount of CH. Operators can save the expense of certain casing equipment traditionally used to increase CH since they know 100% of the annulus is in circulation.
Automatic speech analysis for the assessment of patients with predementia and Alzheimer's disease (2015)

Automatic speech analyses could be an additional objective assessment tool for elderly with cognitive decline.
Detection of nanometer displacement in optical-tweezers and its related measuring errors (2004)

Optical Tweezers can be used in measuring nanometer displacements of a particle with several micron diameters. Methods of measurement and data processing, error sources are analyzed. The dynamic image analysis methods including the gray centroid method and new developed methods: exponent centroid method and parabolic fit method are discussed and compared. A numerical simulation method was developed to evaluate errors caused by these different methods and compared the errors of three data processing methods. The result shows that the parabolic fit method has a high precision with fewer computing time when the background noise is the main noise source. The position of a fixed particle is measured by the quadrant detect (QD) method and the dynamic image analysis method. The measurement standard deviation is 1 nm and 0.3 nm respectively. Based on nanometer displacement measurement, the trap stiffness can be got. Finally, a sub-PicoNewton external force which is applied on the particle is measured successfully. It shows that the resolution of force measurement can reach femto Newton order.
The development of a RFID and agent-based lot management controller for PROMIS in a client/server structure for IC assembly firm (2015)

Many integrated circuit assembly firms today are struggling in a low-profit environment. To survive in the semiconductor industry, it requires assembly firms to do their best efforts in enhancing their competitive advantages. One effective way for an assembly firm to enhance its competitiveness is the introduction of advanced technologies into its shop floor control system (SFCS) to improve assembly yield and lower assembly costs. In this study, two advanced technologies, Radio Frequency Identification and agent-based approach, were used to initiate a lot management controller (LMC), which played as a thin client in a client/server architecture to cooperate with PROMIS, a SFCS being widely used in the semiconductor industry. In addition, an eight-stage software process, which is based on Unified Modeling Language, is proposed to facilitate the development of the LMC.
BIAXIAL FLEXURE TESTS FOR CERAMICS. (1980)

Three loading schemes that produce biaxial tension in flat-plate specimens were evaluated to determine the suitability of each for strength-testing of ceramics. The analyses were made in connection with an on-going study of multiaxial stress effects on ceramic strengths. The three biaxial flexure tests evaluated were: ball-on-ring, piston-on-3-ball, and ring-on-ring. Only the ball-on-ring loading was satisfactory; uncertainties exist about fracture stresses in the other two cases.
Timing Analysis of Computer Hardware (1982)

Timing Analysis is a design automation program that assists computer design engineers in locating problem timing in a clocked, sequential machine. The program is effective for large machines because, in part, the running time is proportional to the number of circuits. This is in contrast to alternative techniques such as delay simulation, which requires large numbers of test patterns, and path tracing, which requires tracing of all paths. The output of Timing Analysis includes “slack” at each block to provide a measure of the severity of any timing problem. The program also generates standard deviations for the times so that a statistical timing design can be produced rather than a worst case approach. This system has successfully detected all but a few timing problems for the IBM 3081 Processor Unit (consisting of almost 800,000 circuits) prior to the hardware debugging of timing. The 3081 is characterized by a tight statistical timing design.
Applications Reviews (1983)

“Applications Reviews” is a guide to accomplished or partial MS/OR applications, cited in articles appearing in many of the major journals of the field. We cover only applications—except for the occasional brief mention of a survey article or special issue—and so do not claim to cover all the best articles in MS/OR. The abstracts are purposely kept short to emphasize breadth of coverage over depth; we try to tell you what modeling approach has been applied to what problem, and if possible the size and character of the improvements achieved as a result.
Effect of pH and Ionic Strength on the Spectrophotometric Assessment of Nucleic Acid Purity (1997)

The ratio of absorbance at 260 and 280 nm (the A260/280 ratio) is frequently used to assess the purity of RNA and DNA preparations. Data presented in this report demonstrate significant variability in the RNA A260/280 ratio when different sources of water were used to perform the spectrophotometric determinations. Adjusting the pH of water used for spectrophotometric analysis from approximately 5.4 to a slightly alkaline pH of 7.5-8.5 significantly increased RNA A260/280 ratios from approximately 1.5 to 2.0. Our studies revealed that changes in both the pH and ionic strength of the spectrophotometric solution influenced the A260/280 ratios. In addition, the ability to detect protein contamination was significantly improved when RNA was spectrophotometrically analyzed in an alkaline solution. UV spectral scans showed that the 260-nm RNA absorbance maximum observed in water was shifted by 2 nm to a lower wavelength when determinations were carried out in Na2HPO4 buffer at a pH of 8.5. We found RNA A260/280 ratios to be more reliable and reproducible when these spectrophotometric measurements were performed at pH 8.0-8.5 in 1-3 mM Na2HPO4 buffer.
How to Accelerate Drilling Learning Curves (2011)

Abstract Given the current economic climate and continued volatility in oil and natural gas prices, extracting maximum benefit from drilling performance optimization is key to the economical exploitation of many resource plays around the world. Shell Upstream Americas is employing a highly effective performance improvement team to help drive performance optimization and the delivery of top quartile performance on its wells in North America and beyond. Central to this group is a dedicated team of optimization engineers that deliver drilling efficiency optimization techniques, the innovative use of real-time optimization centers, and value-adding root-cause failure investigations to various land and offshore well delivery teams in a fit-for-purpose way. Using the optimization approaches taken, it has been possible to help accelerate well delivery times and associated learning curves by as much as a factor of three, often in a minimum amount of time. A main conclusion is therefore that this approach is a highly effective way to bring performance optimization focus to field operations. This paper highlights the modus operandi of these optimization engineers, the techniques and tools they employ, and the remarkable results achieved. The workflow and organizational structure was applied to well delivery optimization with projects ranging from shale gas drilling in the Continental US and Canada as well as hard rock drilling in the Middle East.
On The Performance Of Tree-structured Vector Quantization (2005)

Tree-structured vector quantization (TSVQ) is a commonly used structured vector quantization (VQ) technique that permits much faster quantization and incurs a little more distortion than full search of an optimal unstructured VQ. By exploiting two recently developed asymptotic quantization formulas it is shown that the mean-squared error of TSVQ and, moreover, the probability density of the magnitude of its errors support the hypothesis that TSVQ has an optimal point density and that its cells consist of various rectangular-like polyhedra. >
An Optical Repeater With High-Impedance Input Amplifier (1974)

A 6.3-Mb/s repeater for fiber optic communication systems is described which incorporates a high-impedance input amplifier. It is shown that by utilizing an input circuit with a time constant which is long compared to the bit interval and equalizing after the signal has been sufficiently amplified to set the signal-to-noise ratio, thermal noise can be decreased. As a result, a reduction can be realized in the required signal and, with an avalanche detector, in the optimum gain. The repeater, which was realized in a compact form employing standard integrated circuits, utilizes a GaAs light-emitting diode as its optical source. Other features include automatic gain and threshold controls and recovered timing.
Partial Characterization of the Auxiliary Factors Involved in Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing through APOBEC-1 Affinity Chromatography (1997)

APOBEC-1-catalyzed apolipoprotein B (apoB) mRNA editing requires auxiliary factors, but the number and functions of these factors are unknown. We have partially purified the editing activity from extracts of a McArdle cell line overexpressing His6-hemagglutinin-tagged, rat APOBEC-1 using metal-chelating affinity chromatography. The 1,200-fold purification achieved by this approach was partially dependent on exogenously added RNA containing a mooring sequence for editosome assembly. Affinity-purified editing activity could be separated by 300 mM NaCl extraction into two fractions, a salt-resistant fraction (editing fraction 1; EF1) and a salt-soluble fraction (EF2). Neither EF1 nor EF2 alone could edit apoB RNA, but when added together they reconstituted full editing activity. Previously identified candidate auxiliary factors including the p66/p44 apoB RNA binding proteins and the presumptive editosome assembly factor p240 were all present in the affinity-purified editing complex. Moreover, virtually all of p66, p240, and APOBEC-1 were present in EF1, whereas p44 was quantitatively recovered in EF2. This is the first demonstration that p66 and p44 can bind to apoB RNA independently of one another. In addition, 100- and 55-kDa apoB RNA cross-linking proteins have been identified in the APOBEC-1 affinity-purified material. RNA competition studies demonstrated that p100, p66, and p55 bound selectively to apoB RNA, whereas p44 had general RNA cross-linking characteristics. The data underscore the multiplicity of auxiliary factors potentially involved in apoB RNA editing and suggest an editosome far more complicated than may have been previously appreciated.
A Ruthenium−Rhodamine Complex as an Activatable Fluorescent Probe (2010)

We describe the synthesis and characterization of a ruthenium-bipyridyl complex bearing a rhodamine-based fluorescent ligand. The complex is weakly fluorescent due to the quenching of rhodamine. Upon irradiation of the MLCT band it releases rhodamine in a fast and clean heterolytic reaction, increasing its fluorescence nearly 6-fold and making it the first visible-light activatable fluorophore based in transition metal chemistry. These properties and its lack of toxicity make it a good candidate for its use as a biologically friendly caged fluorescent probe. The use of this probe as a neuronal marker, and as a flow profiler in a thin, planar cavity and in a model flow injection analysis (FIA) is demonstrated.
PRESSURE REGULATED BIOMOLECULE INJECTION INTO NIH 3T3 CELLS THROUGH INTEGRATED NANO/MESOPORES (2010)

We describe a proof-of-concept experiment to demonstrate the feasibility of pressure regulated biomolecule injection into cells through a nano/mesopore membrane integrated in a microfluidic device. By using soft lithography, a thin layer of polydimethlysiloxane (PDMS) was patterned on the surface of a commercial polycarbonate (PC) membrane with nano/mesopores, providing well-defined injection windows. Then, the PDMS-PC thin layer assembly was inserted into a microfluidic device. After NIH 3T3 cell culture, the injection of chemical or bio-molecules into the cells could be performed by regulating the pressure from another side of the membrane. The preliminary results with trypan blue dye injection showed the possibility of precise dose control of the injection through the pore areas. Such an approach should be useful for future studies on nano/mesoscopic cell-material interactions.
Photochemical Modification of Cross-Linked Poly(dimethylsiloxane) by Irradiation at 172 nm (2004)

Cross-linked poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) was irradiated with a Xe2*-excimer lamp (172 nm) under ambient conditions. The irradiation in combination with the formed ozone results in an oxidation of PDMS to SiO2 at the polymer−air interface. The surface properties of the irradiated surfaces were studied by means of contact angle measurements, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photochemical conversion of surface methylsilane groups to silanol groups is responsible for the large increase in surface free energy. Subsequent degradation of the polymer and formation of SiOx was monitored by infrared spectroscopy. As determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the binding energy shifts reach values corresponding to SiO2. The atomic ratio concentration O:Si changes from about 1:1 (PDMS) to about 2:1 (SiO2). On the basis of the XPS and IR results, the photochemical reaction pathway from PDMS to silicon oxide via surface silanol groups is discussed. The strict linearity of the contact angle versus irradiation time and the clear dependence from irradiation intensity allows the tuning of the chemical surface functionalities.
Natural diet of the crab Ovalipes catharus (Crustacea, Portunidae) around central and northern New Zealand (1987)

Foregut contents were exam~ned of 4324 OvaLipes catharus (White 1843) collected from 11 locations in central and northern New Zealand, from November 1984 to September 1985. Of these 2572 foreguts contained recognizable food items, and a total of 72 species were identified in the diet. No significant differences were found in the relative proport~ons of foregut contents between males and females. Sand was an important component of the foregut contents, but was not considered part of the diet. When measured in terms of frequency of occurrence and eshmated volumes (points method), Mollusca dominated the diet at 6 locations and Crustacca at 5. At all locahties almost all the Mollusca eaten were small juvenile bivalves, mainly from the commercially and recreationally important genus Paphies. Callianassa filholi, 0. catharus, ~sopods, and amphipods were ~mportant Crustacea in the diet at different localities. The diet at all localities differed significantly in the proportions of 14 dietary categories, but when 6 generalized dietary categories werr considered similarities were found. 0. catharus is a versatile and opportunistic predator. Thc possible impact of t h ~s predator on commercially important shellfish species is discussed.
Increased levels of lipid hydroperoxides in plasma of patients with multiple sclerosis: a relationship with paraoxonase activity (2005)

Paraoxonase, an enzyme associated with high density lipoproteins (HDL), plays an important role in the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties exerted by HDL. Increasing evidence supports a role of free radicals and oxidative stress in the inflammatory processes and in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to further investigate the relationship between oxidative damage and MS; therefore we compared the paraoxonase activity and levels of cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides (CE-OOH), as marker of lipid peroxidation, in plasma isolated from healthy subjects (n = 89) and from MS patients (n = 24) in the early stage disability (EDSS<3.5). Our results demonstrated for the first time that the activity of paraoxonase in the plasma of MS subjects was significantly lower with respect to controls (P <0.001). Moreover, our results showed a significant increase in the levels of CE-OOH in plasma from MS subjects (P<0.001). CE-OOH are biologically active substances derived from the oxidation of cholesteryl ester localized in the hydrophobic core of plasma lipoproteins (HDL, LDL). Therefore, our study demonstrates alterations of lipoprotein peroxidation in MS and provides further evidence that oxidative stress and impairment of the anti-oxidant system may play a role in MS.
Inhibition of the Interaction Between Fimbrial Haemagglutinins and Erythrocytes by D-Mannose and Other Carbohydrates (1972)

SUMMARY: Many monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and their derivatives were tested as inhibitors of agglutination of guinea-pig or horse erythrocytes by Salmonella typhimuriumor Shigella flexneri bacteria bearing type-1 fimbriae. D-Mannose and certain derivatives of mannose were strongly inhibitory, and D-fructose moderately inhibitory. Modification of any of the hydroxyl groups at the C-2, C-3, C-4 or C-6 positions in the D-mannopyranosyl molecule caused failure to inhibit, showing that these groups were necessary for binding to the activesites of the fimbrial haemagglutinin. The α-configuration at the C-1 position in D-mannose was important and carbohydrates containing α-linked D-mannose were much more active inhibitors than those containing β-linked D-mannose, which were poor inhibitors or non-inhibitors. Yeast mannan also inhibited the fimbrial reaction. Attention is drawn to the remarkable degree of similarity ofthe inhibition pattern of the type-1 fimbrial haemagglutinin of bacteria with that of concanavalin-A, the jack bean haemagglutinin.
Preparation of ordered colloid monolayers by electrophoretic deposition (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of ordered colloid monolayers by electrophoretic depositionMichael Giersig and Paul MulvaneyCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 12, 3408–3413Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00036a014https://doi.org/10.1021/la00036a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5126Altmetric-Citations561LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Methotrexate transport from the internal phase of multiple w/o/w emulsions (1989)

Release rates of Methotrexate (MTX) encapsulated in the internal phase of w/o/w emulsions stabilized by the interfacial interaction between albumin and sorbitan mono-oleate(Tween 80) were measured as functions of two formulation variables--the oil phase and the secondary emulsifier composition. The release rate was significantly affected by the nature of the oil phase and decreased in the order isopropyl myristate greater than octadecane greater than hexadecane greater than dodecane greater than octane, which was a reflection of the increasing internal droplet size of the emulsions. The release rate data conform with first order kinetics. Comparison of the effective permeability coefficients calculated from the experimental apparent first-order rate constants, with the effective permeability coefficient of water in planar oil layers, containing non-ionic surfactants, determined by a microgravimetric method supported the hypothesis of diffusion of MTX in water loaded inverse micelles. Surfactants with high HLB values, used as the secondary hydrophilic emulsifier increased the release rates, primarily by increasing the rate of diffusion of MTX through the non-aqueous liquid membrane.
Sexually transmitted diseases among American youth: incidence and prevalence estimates, 2000. (2004)

These estimates emphasize the toll that STDs have on American youth. More representative data are needed to help monitor efforts at lowering the burden of these infections.