gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancer Stem Cells (2011)

Over 150 years ago, Cohnheim and Durante formalized the concept that cancers might arise from a small subset of cells with stem cell properties 1-3 , and in 1961, Till and McCulloch demonstrated for the first time that the existence of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in the bone marrow, which was postulated that stem-like cells might be the origin of cancer 4 . However, only recently did an increased interest in cancer stem cells (CSC) occur, thus spurring great advances in cancer stem cell biology. The CSC model was first developed in 1994 when malignant initiating cells were discerned in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 5 . Afterwards, similar CSC model was extended to some solid tumors that originated in the breast, brain, lung, prostate, colon, head and neck, and pancreas Most importantly, the development of CSC hypothesis has fundamental implications in terms of understanding the biology of muti-step tumorigenesis, the prevention of cancer, and the creation of novel effective strategies for cancer therapy.
In vivo model of the mechanical properties of the human skin under suction (2000)

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A new method for the in vivo characterization of the mechanical properties of skin has been developed. This comprises a suction chamber and an ultrasound device to measure both the vertical displacement of the skin's surface, and the skin's thickness. METHODS: A mathematical model of the mechanical behaviour of a taught elastic membrane is used to obtain a set of parameters intrinsic to the skin, such as Young's modulus (E) and the initial stress (sigma0), which reflect the stiffness and the natural tension of the skin, respectively. We also calculated an index of non-elasticity of the skin (unrestored energy ratio, UER), which takes into account the volume of tissue mobilized. It determines a ratio between the energy input to the skin and the energy it dissipates. These parameters were evaluated from the volar forearm of 10 normal male volunteers. RESULTS: The results were: 129+/-88 kPa for E, 13.5+/-5 kPa for sigma0, and 0.42+/-0.04 for UER; with reproducibilities of 9.5%, 12.4% and 6.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This new suction device was found useful for the study of the behaviour of the skin, and the device may be used for the evaluation of certain skin diseases and their therapy.
Imaging of angiogenesis (2010)

Imaging of angiogenesis is an important tool in the diagnosis of disease. Small molecule or nanoparticular probes are currently developed to identify angiogenic endothelium with non-invasive imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance and ultrasound imaging. These techniques are very valuable since they would not only contribute to improved diagnosis, but will also allow monitoring of angiogenesis intervention therapies, early detection of disease, as well therapy development. Such techniques will ultimately also contribute to the introduction of personalized medicine. The current special issue of Angiogenesis is put together to highlight several interesting and new developments in this field.
Effects of Covalent Functionalization on the Biocompatibility Characteristics of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

We report the effect of chemical modification of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on their activation of the human serum complement system, as well as the adsorption of human plasma proteins on MWNTs. Four different types of chemically-modified MWNTs were tested for complement activation via the classical and alternative pathways using haemolytic assays. Human plasma protein binding was also tested using an affinity chromatography technique based on carbon nanotube-Sepharose matrix. Covalent functionalization of MWNTs greatly altered the level of activation of the complement system via the classical pathway. For example, MWNTs functionalised with epsilon-caprolactam or L-alanine showed respectively >90% and >75% reduction in classical pathway activation compared with unmodified MWNTs. These results demonstrate for the first time that these types of chemical modification are able to alter considerably the levels of specific complement proteins bound by pristine MWNTs (used as a control experiment). The reduced levels of complement activation via the classical pathway, that are likely to increase biocompatibility, were directly correlated with the amount of C1q protein bound to chemically modified carbon nanotubes. An inverse correlation was also observed between the amount of complement factor H bound to chemically modified MWNTs and the level of complement consumption via the alternative pathway. Binding of human plasma and serum proteins to pristine and modified MWNTs was highly selective. The chemical modifications studied generally increased nanotube dispersibility in aqueous media, but diminished protein adsorption.
Intonation conversion from neutral to expressive speech (2011)

Intonation is one of the most important factors of speech expressivity.This paper presents a conversion method for the F0 contours.The F0 segments are represented with discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients at the syllable level.Multi-level dynamic features are added to model the temporal correlation between syllables and to constrain the F0 contour at the phrase level.Gaussian mixture models (GMM) are used to map the prosodic features between neutral and expressive speech, and the converted F0 contour is generated under the dynamic features constraints.Experimental evaluation using a database of acted emotional speech shows the effectiveness of the proposed F0 model and conversion method.
A High Power Density Electric Machine Element (1967)

A direct current homopolar machine with liquid metal contacts can achieve high power density and efficiency. The analysis of a simple model of such a machine shows that a power density of several horsepower per pound at 90 percent efficiency is possible. The results of a design study of an experimental 280-pound 250- horsepower homopolar automotive transmission showed a 90 percent efficiency over a useful operating range. Problems arising during testing limited the efficiency to 75 percent.
Mice lackingBmp6 function (1998)

Bmp6, a member of the 60A subgroup of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), is expressed in diverse sites in the developing mouse embryo from preimplantation stages onwards. To evaluate roles for Bmp6 signaling in vivo, gene targeting was used to generate a null mutation at the Bmp6 locus. The resulting Bmp6 mutant mice are viable and fertile, and show no overt defects in tissues known to express Bmp6 mRNA. The skeletal elements of newborn and adult mutants are indistinguishable from wild-type. However, careful examination of skeletogenesis in late gestation embryos reveals a consistent delay in ossification strictly confined to the developing sternum. In situ hybridization studies in the developing long bones and sternum show that other BMP family members are expressed in overlapping domains. In particular we find that Bmp2 and Bmp6 are coexpressed in hypertrophic cartilage, suggesting that Bmp2 may functionally compensate in Bmp6 null mice. The defects in sternum development in Bmp6 null mice are likely to be associated with a transient early expression of Bmp6 in the sternal bands, prior to ossification. These sternal defects are slightly exacerbated in Bmp5/6 double mutant animals.
A floorplanner driven by structural and timing constraints (1994)

This paper presents a novel layout model and floorplanning tool particularly suitable for taking into account user defined layout constraints on specific sets of modules and specific locations. The user defined layout constraints can be the setting of any common topological property associated with a group of specific modules such as the neighboring property for example. Or the use of any topological regularities in a design such as regular bus structure or the use of the structural property such as the bit-sliceable or non bit-sliceable feature of a module set, or their similar shape. The exploitation of these structural information helps in producing more compact layout especially for datapath oriented architectures. Moreover, in addition to the area and total wiring length, the critical path delay is systematically minimized through a global cost function. The potential candidates for the critical path computation can be specifically defined by the user. The core of the optimization process is based on simulated annealing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Excel 2016 For Dummies Book + Online Videos Bundle (2015)

Let your skills soar to new heights with this bestselling guide Packed with unbeatable content at a bargain price, this book and online video package provides the most bang for your buck. Featuring step-by-step video instructions that cover the most popular and essential 2016 tasks, watching the online videos is like having an expert with you as learn to use the world's number-one spreadsheet tool with confidence. Written by bestselling author Greg Harvey, the book has been completely revised and updated to offer you the freshest and most current information to make using the latest version of easy and stress-free. If the thought of looking at spreadsheets makes your head swell, you've come to the right place. Whether you've used older versions of this popular program or have never gotten a headache from looking at all those grids, this hands-on guide will get you up and running with the latest release of the software, Microsoft 2016. In no time, you'll begin creating and editing worksheets, formatting cells, entering formulas, creating and editing charts, inserting graphs, designing database forms, and more. Plus, you'll get easy-to-follow guidance on mastering more advanced skills, like adding hyperlinks to worksheets, saving worksheets as web pages, adding worksheet data to an existing web page, and so much more. The online videos offers two and a half hours of accessible instruction on working with 2016 Use on a desktop, laptop, or tablet Share spreadsheets via email, online meetings, and social media sites Analyze data with PivotTables If you're new to and want to spend more time on your actual work than figuring out how to make it work for you, this book and video bundle of Excel 2016 For Dummies sets you up for success.
Synthesis and Selective Inhibitory Activity of 1-Acetyl-3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1<i>H</i>)-pyrazole Derivatives against Monoamine Oxidase (2004)

A novel series of 1-acetyl-3-(4-hydroxy- and 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazole derivatives 1-12 have been synthesized and investigated for the ability to selectively inhibit the activity of the A and B isoforms of monoamine oxidase (MAO). The new synthesized compounds 1-12 proved to be more reversible, potent, and selective inhibitors of MAO-A than of MAO-B. Knowing that stereochemistry may be an important modulator of biological activity, we performed the semipreparative chromatographic enantioseparation of the most potent, selective, and chiral compounds, 6 and 11. The separated enantiomers were then submitted to in vitro biological evaluation while increasing their inhibitory activity and A selectivity. The (-)-6 enantiomer shows K(i(MAO-A)) = 2 nM and SI = 165 000, (+)-6 shows K(i(MAO-A)) = 6 nM and SI = 166 666, (-)-11 shows K(i(MAO-A)) = 4 nM and SI = 80 000, and (+)-11 shows K(i(MAO-A)) = 7 nM and SI = 38 571.
A single point mutation in the pore region of the epithelial Na <sup>+</sup> channel changes ion selectivity by modifying molecular sieving (1999)

The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) belongs to a new class of channel proteins called the ENaC/DEG superfamily involved in epithelial Na+ transport, mechanotransduction, and neurotransmission. The role of ENaC in Na+ homeostasis and in the control of blood pressure has been demonstrated recently by the identification of mutations in ENaC beta and gamma subunits causing hypertension. The function of ENaC in Na+ reabsorption depends critically on its ability to discriminate between Na+ and other ions like K+ or Ca2+. ENaC is virtually impermeant to K+ ions, and the molecular basis for its high ionic selectivity is largely unknown. We have identified a conserved Ser residue in the second transmembrane domain of the ENaC alpha subunit (alphaS589), which when mutated allows larger ions such as K+, Rb+, Cs+, and divalent cations to pass through the channel. The relative ion permeability of each of the alphaS589 mutants is related inversely to the ionic radius of the permeant ion, indicating that alphaS589 mutations increase the molecular cutoff of the channel by modifying the pore geometry at the selectivity filter. Proper geometry of the pore is required to tightly accommodate Na+ and Li+ ions and to exclude larger cations. We provide evidence that ENaC discriminates between cations mainly on the basis of their size and the energy of dehydration.
Nuclear-Encoded Transfer RNAs in Plant Mitochondria (1992)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
High Stability, High Resolution Dialable Constant Current Supplies (1973)

Selected components, construction techniques, and a simple circuit are described for use in building constant current supplies which are dialable throughout the 100 μA—100 mA range, with 0.01% resolution and long term stability approaching 0.001%.
Carbolines. Part <b>VII</b>. Anisidines, convenient tools to synthesize hydroxy‐β‐carbolines (1995)

Abstract The paper describes a convenient synthesis of hydroxy‐β‐carbolines from commercial anisidines based on key steps such as metalation, cross‐coupling and cyclization. The first total synthesis of a major cyto‐toxic constituent of a marine bryozoan is also reported, the 8‐hydroxy‐1‐vinyl‐β‐carboline.
Polysilicon and titanium disilicide+polycide fusion bonding for 3-D microdevices applications (2003)

Successful electrically conductive fusion bonding has been achieved for polysilicon to polysilicon and titanium disilicide+polycide to titanium disilicide+polycide coated wafers. The effects of wafer flatness and surface roughness play important roles in accomplishing direct bonding at room temperature of such deposited materials. The authors discuss the experimentally obtained estimates of minimum wafer curvature and maximum roughness for fusion bonding of these materials. For effective wafer bonding it was found experimentally that the radius of wafer curvature should be greater than 60 meters for a 500 micrometer thick wafer with a surface vertical microroughness less than 10 AA. The average microroughness was calculated from traces of a surface profilometer. The results of the bond strength measurements are presented. These wafer bonding systems can be used as an elegant technique to provide vertical interconnection for 3-D microdevices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Free‐breathing whole‐heart 3D cine magnetic resonance imaging with prospective respiratory motion compensation (2017)

The novel prospective respiratory motion compensation method for 3D cine SSFP imaging was robust and efficient and yielded slightly larger ventricular volumes and lower mass compared to breath-hold 2D cine imaging. Magn Reson Med 80:181-189, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Resonating modes of vibrating microcantilevers in liquid (2008)

A study of nanomechanical cantilevers vibrating at various resonating modes in liquid is presented. Resonant frequency spectrum with 16 well resolved flexural modes is obtained. The quality factor increased from 1 at mode 1 to 30 at mode 16. The theoretical estimate of eigenfrequency using the Elmer–Dreier model [F.-J. Elmer and M. Dreier, J. Appl. Phys. 81, 12 (1997)] and Sader’s extended viscous model [C. A. Van Eysden and J. E. Sader, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 044908 (2007)] matched well with the experimental data. The apparent mass of the liquid comoved by the oscillating cantilevers decreased asymptotically with mode number.
DistributedNet: A reasonable pricing and flexible network architecture for datacenter (2014)

Data Center Traffic has the nature of diversity, variability and unpredictability. Due to the varying link state, the network bandwidth value changes. Traditionally, most of the t cloud providers employ static strategies based on predicting or pre-testing tenants' traffic characteristics [5] [8] [6]. Since no perfect traffic prediction methods have been proposed so far, these static methods result in unsatisfactory resource utilization and unreasonable cost. Therefore, this paper aims at designing a decentralized resource allocation method and a dynamic pricing policy based on network state and tenant demands. We can achieve work conservation and adaptability pricing with our network architecture. The simulation results show that DistributedNet can provide performance isolation, differentiated service and min-bandwidth guarantee.
Organic Sulfur Compounds. XXXIV. Synthesis of Ethylenes and Ethylene Sulfides by Action of Diazoalkanes on Thioketones (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Sulfur Compounds. XXXIV. Synthesis of Ethylenes and Ethylene Sulfides by Action of Diazoalkanes on ThioketonesAlexander Schönberg, Abd El Kader Fateen, and Abd El Maged Amine SammourCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 22, 6020–6023Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01579a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01579a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Adjuvant activity of lactic bacteria: perspectives for its use in oral vaccines]. (1989)

The effect of the oral and subcutaneous administration of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus on humoral antibody production and delayed type hypersensitivity response against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was studied. The species of the genus Lactobacillus proved to be more effective in both cases, effects being stronger when working with viable bacteria than with non-viable cells. The stimulation of primary cellular and humoral immune responses reached optimal activity with a dose of 6 x 10(9) cells. The plaque-forming cells (PFC) and the circulating antibody titers to the SRBC antigen obtained in the groups treated with lactobacilli were 2 to 3 times higher than those of the non-treated control group. In mice fed with the different lactic acid bacteria circulating antibody against these microorganisms failed to be detected, but when they were administered by subcutaneous route a strong response to antilactic acid bacteria was stimulated. S. thermophilus was not effective in increasing the immune response. These results suggest that the lactobacilli by oral route, exert a strong adjuvant activity which is responsible for the enhanced host immune responses obtained. In this respect, lactobacilli could be considered as the most promising oral adjuvant.
Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> responsive homocystinuria and megaloblastic anemia: Heterogeneity in methylcobalamin deficiency (1987)

A male infant with methyl-B12 deficiency (cblE) presented at age 6 weeks with lethargy, staring spells, and vomiting. He later became hypotonic and unresponsive to stimuli and required intubation and ventilation. He had homocystinuria and hypomethioninemia with megaloblastic anemia but normal serum folate and vitamin B12 concentrations. No methylmalonic aciduria was detected. Fibroblasts, cultured from the patient, were unable to grow in medium in which homocysteine replaced methionine and incorporated abnormally small amounts of [14C]-methyl-tetrahydrofolate but normal amounts of [14C]-propionate into protein. Methyl-B12 content of fibroblasts was low, while the adenosyl-B12 content was normal. Methionine synthase activity was decreased when the assay was performed under both optimal and suboptimal reducing conditions, suggesting heterogeneity in the cblE disease. The patient responded dramatically to hydroxocobalamin treatment. Homocystinuria disappeared after 10 days of therapy, and methionine was normalized after 3 weeks. Psychometric testing at age 15 months showed a developmental age of 9 months.
Suppression of Electrochemical Decomposition of Electrolyte in Lithium Ion Batteries Using Electrolyte Containing Succinimide Group Compounds (2004)

A liquid organic electrolyte system for lithium ion batteries with graphite anode containing succinimide group compounds as electrolyte additives has been studied. The decomposition of electrolyte on the graphite electrode could be remarkably suppressed by the addition of succinimides. In particular, N-Benzyloxycarboxylsuccinimide(BCSC) could improve electrochemical performance of lithium-ion battery. The correlation between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy and the reduction potential of the additives is roughly linear.
Characteristics of selective reflection of chiral nematic liquid crystalline gels with a nonuniform pitch distribution (2007)

The particles of photopolymerizable monomer/chiral dopant composites with a crystalline (Cr)-chiral nematic (N*) phase transition were prepared. By mixing the particles with different pitches of the N* phase together with the Cr phase and making the liquid crystal (LC) monomer molecules cross-linked by photopolymerization in the planarly oriented N* phase, a chiral nematic liquid crystal (N*-LC) gel film with a nonuniform pitch distribution was obtained. The bandwidth of the reflection spectrum and the location of reflection band of the gel film can be controlled accurately by controlling the pitch lengths of the N* phase of the particles.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis of a<i>Trichoderma reesei</i>Hyper-Cellulolytic Mutant Developed in Japan (2013)

The ascomycete Trichoderma reesei is known as one of the most prolific producers of plant biomass-degrading enzymes. While several mutant strains have been developed by mutagenesis to improve enzyme productivity for a variety of industrial applications, little is known about the mechanical basis of these improvements. A genomic sequence comparison of mutant and wild-type strains was undertaken to provide new insights in this regard. We identified a number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) after sequencing the genome of a hyper-cellulolytic T. reesei strain, PC-3-7, with a next-generation sequencer. Of these, the SNP detected in cre1, the carbon catabolite repressor gene, was found to be responsible for increased cellulase production. Further comparative genomic analysis enabled the identification of an SNP that correlated well with high cellulase production in a T. reesei mutant. These results provide a better understanding of the genetic changes induced by classical mutagenesis and how they correlate with desirable phenotypes in filamentous fungi.