gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vulvar Pain Syndrome (1995)

Vulvar pain syndrome (vulvar vestibulitis, vulvodynia, burning vulvar syndrome) was first described at the end of the last century. Although more than 100 years have passed, the cause(s) of the disorder remains elusive. This review of the literature endeavors to collate the known facts relating to vulvar pain syndrome and to expose those hypothetical etiologies which fall short of establishing any scientific foundation. The diagnosis of vulvar pain syndrome is established on the basis of historical data which detail a rather abrupt onset of vestibular itching, burning, dryness which may be intermittent or continuous. Commonly, patients present with a history of chronic treatment for recurrent fungal infections. Sexual relations become uncomfortable or intolerable. Unanimously, the patients describe a panorama of topical creams and ointments which fail to alleviate the symptoms. Physical examination typically verifies hyperesthesia of the vestibular skin when touched lightly with a cotton-tipped applicator. Similarly, the vestibular skin shows varying degrees of redness. The treatment programs for vulvar pain syndrome are as diverse as the multitude of etiological hypotheses. This review includes data pointing out those therapeutic measures that appear valueless and that may add to the patient's chronic discomfort.
High Expression Rates of Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Induce Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress–Mediated β-Cell Apoptosis, a Characteristic of Humans With Type 2 but Not Type 1 Diabetes (2007)

ER stress is a mechanism by which IAPP induces beta-cell apoptosis and is characteristic of beta-cells in humans with type 2 diabetes but not type 1 diabetes. These findings are consistent with a role of protein misfolding in beta-cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes.
The Structure of Soviet Insurance (1965)

A paper concerning Soviet insurance may reasonably begin with the preliminary observation that insurance does exist, the purpose of the paper being to examine the salient differences between Soviet insurance and insurance as it is practiced elsewhere, with an indication of the reasons for those differences. Four categories of insurance are found in the Soviet Union: social insurance, insurance of foreign trade, insurance in the consumption sector, and insurance in the productive sector. Soviet social insurance has been examined in detail and this paper could add nothing to the subject.' The Soviet government, directly and through foreign subsidiaries, has extended its insurance operations to foreign trade but little information is readily available.2 The categories of insurance which are presented to the Soviet student of insurance in texts and other monographic materials deal with insurance in the consumption sector and in the productive sector, or,
Decomposition of ozone in aqueous acetic acid solutions (pH 0-4) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDecomposition of ozone in aqueous acetic acid solutions (pH 0-4)K. Sehested, H. Corfitzen, J. Holcman, and Edwin J. HartCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 2, 1005–1009Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100181a084https://doi.org/10.1021/j100181a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views587Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Immunohistologic analysis of the inflammatory infiltrates associated with osseointegrated implants. (1989)

A panel of monoclonal antibodies was used in an avidinbiotin immunoperoxidase technique to provide an immunohistologic analysis of the inflammatory infiltrates in the gingiva of osseointegrated implants. A total of 27 gingival and 13 interimplant specimens was obtained from 13 patients. Eighteen of the gingival specimens were clinically healthy, while nine showed overt signs of clinical inflammation (GI = 2 or 3). All specimens showed some degree of inflammation histologically, although the size of the inflammatory infiltrate was much greater in the clinically inflamed specimens. There was no significant difference in the proportion of T (50% to 60%) or B (40% to 50%) lymphocytes in either group. The CD4:CD8 ratio also showed no significant difference: 1.6:1 in the healthy group and 2.0 in the inflamed group. Similar ratios were also found in the infiltrates of the interimplant tissue. The immunohistologic analysis suggests that the gingival lesion associated with these implants is a stable, well-controlled response.
Analyzing the Role of MicroRNAs in Schizophrenia in the Context of Common Genetic Risk Variants (2016)

This study provides evidence for a role of miR-9-5p in the etiology of schizophrenia. Its implication is of particular interest as the functions of this neurodevelopmental miRNA tie in with established disease biology: it has a regulatory loop with the fragile X mental retardation homologue FXR1 and regulates dopamine D2 receptor density.
Analysis of dynamic congestion control protocols (1991)

We present an approximate analysis of a queue with dynamically changing input rates that are based on implicit or explicit feedback information. This is motivated by proposals for adaptive congestion control algorithms [RaJa 88, Jac 88], where the sender's window size at the transport level is adjusted based on perceived congestion level of a bottleneck
HORROR FUSIONALIS WITH AN ALTERNATING INTERMITTENT EXOTROPIA???A CASE REPORT (1952)

Los Angeles College of Optometry Los Angeles, California *Submitted on November 30, 1951. for publication in the March. 1952, issue of the American Journal of Optometry and Archives of American Academy of Optometry. †Optometrist. Member of faculty. Also, Special Lecturer in Physical Optics, Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medical Evangelists. Los Angeles. Fellow, American Academy of Optometry.
Phthalocyanine–Peptide Conjugates for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Targeting (2012)

Four phthalocyanine (Pc)-peptide conjugates designed to target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were synthesized and evaluated in vitro using four cell lines: human carcinoma A431 and HEp2, human colorectal HT-29, and kidney Vero (negative control) cells. Two peptide ligands for EGFR were investigated: EGFR-L1 and -L2, bearing 6 and 13 amino acid residues, respectively. The peptides and Pc-conjugates were shown to bind to EGFR using both theoretical (Autodock) and experimental (SPR) investigations. The Pc-EGFR-L1 conjugates 5a and 5b efficiently targeted EGFR and were internalized, in part due to their cationic charge, whereas the uncharged Pc-EGFR-L2 conjugates 4b and 6a poorly targeted EGFR maybe due to their low aqueous solubility. All conjugates were nontoxic (IC(50) > 100 μM) to HT-29 cells, both in the dark and upon light activation (1 J/cm(2)). Intravenous (iv) administration of conjugate 5b into nude mice bearing A431 and HT-29 human tumor xenografts resulted in a near-IR fluorescence signal at ca. 700 nm, 24 h after administration. Our studies show that Pc-EGFR-L1 conjugates are promising near-IR fluorescent contrast agents for CRC and potentially other EGFR overexpressing cancers.
The Brønsted acid-catalysed hydrolysis of acyl fluorides in aqueous media (1993)

In dioxane-water mixtures rich in dioxane, the hydrolysis of benzoyl fluoride is catalysed by hydrogen ions by two mechanisms, one dominant at low, and the other at high, values of [H3O +]. In purely aqueous solutions, and in water-rich dioxane–water mixtures, the only catalysis observed is that at high acid concentrations. The effect of temperature, and of p-substituents suggests this later catalysis involves an A1 mechanism. We tentatively assign an ABAC3 mechanism to the catalysis found at low acid concentrations in dioxane-rich media. The hydrolysis of phenylacetyl fluoride in dioxane-water exhibits a behaviour pattern similar to that found for benzoyl fluoride.
Induction of autophagy promotes differentiation of glioma‐initiating cells and their radiosensitivity (2011)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor characterized by increased proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recently, the identification of tumor-initiating cells with stem-like properties in diverse human cancers including GBM represents an important conceptual advance in cancer biology with therapeutic implications. However, the factors determining the differential development and radiosensitization of glioma-initiating cells (GICs) remain poorly defined. Here, we report that rapamycin induced differentiation of GICs and increased their sensitivity to radiation by activating autophagy. Transient in vitro exposure to rapamycin and radiation abolished the capacity of transplanted GICs to establish intracerebral GBMs. Most importantly, in vivo combination of rapamycin and radiation effectively blocked the tumor growth and associated mortality that occurs in mice after intracerebral grafting of human GICs. We demonstrate that rapamycin activated their autophagy and triggers the differentiation cascade in GICs isolated from human GBMs. This was followed by a reduction in proliferation, cell viability, clonogenic ability and increased expression of neural differentiation markers after radiation. Our results suggest that autophagy plays an essential role in the regulation of self-renewal, differentiation, tumorigenic potential and radiosensitization of GICs, suggesting autophagy could be a promising therapeutic target in a subset of GBMs. We propose that autophagy defect in GICs contributes to radioresistance of GICs by desensitizing GICs to normal differentiation cues. Activating autophagy may abrogate the resistance of GICs to radiation and could lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of GBMs.
The mechanisms of planar cell polarity, growth and the Hippo pathway: Some known unknowns (2013)

Planar cell polarity (PCP) is a small but important area of research. In this review we discuss a limited number of topics within the PCP field, chosen because they are difficult, unsolved, controversial or just because we find them interesting. Because Drosophila is the best studied and technically most amenable system we have concentrated on it, but also consider some examples from work on vertebrates. Topics discussed include the number of genetic pathways involved in PCP, as well as the causal relationship between embryonic axes, gradients of morphogens and PCP itself. We consider the vexed question of the roles of the Wnt genes in PCP in both vertebrates and Drosophila. We discuss whether the proteins involved in PCP need to be localised asymmetrically in cells in order to function. We criticise the way the Hippo pathway is described in the literature and ask what its wildtype function is. We explore afresh how the Hippo pathway might be linked both to growth and to PCP through the gigantic cadherin molecule Fat. We offer some new ways of making sense of published results, particularly those relating to the Frizzled/Starry night and Dachsous/Fat systems of PCP.
Production of superhydrophobic polymer fibers with embedded particles using the electrospinning technique (2007)

Abstract Superhydrophobic materials are currently used for their water‐repelling, self‐cleaning and anti‐fouling properties but are also potentially attractive to prevent snow or ice accumulation on exposed structures. Using the electrospinning technique, polymer mats made of polystyrene and poly[tetrafluoroethylene‐ co ‐(vinylidene fluoride)‐ co ‐propylene] (PTVFP) were prepared. They were found to show highly hydrophobic properties, water contact angle (CA) between 130 and 150°, when a dual fiber–bead microstructure was observed. Superhydrophobicity, CA > 150°, was reached when PTVFP mats were electrospun from a polymer solution containing dispersed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanoparticles. Using atomic force microscopy imaging, protruding nanosized asperities on fiber and bead surfaces were observed and this structure led to superhydrophobic properties. Materials prepared from a high‐viscosity PTVFP/ethyl acetate solution with PTFE particles, 200 nm diameter and 8% (w/w), showed an 11.2% improvement in hydrophobicity, CA = 161°, compared to the materials obtained from a particle‐free polymer solution (CA = 143°). Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Derechos del niño y Trabajo Social. Intervención en un caso de abuso sobre menores (1998)

A partir del trabajo realizado en 1996 en las escuelas de Villa Gesell con material sobre los derechos del Nino, se detecto un grave caso de abuso sobre menores. La intervencion de los equipos de Psicologia, las maestras y directivas de las escuelas y de los equipos tecnicos de la Municipalidad, dio por resultado el inicio de una causa que derivo en el encarcelamiento del adulto abusador. La narracion de esta experiencia pretende demostrar la importancia de trabajar en casos de violencia familiar, abuso sobre menores, etc; contando con equipos interdisciplinarios y enlazando la intervencion con el aporte de las docentes e integrantes de los gabinetes escolares y el apoyo de las diversas areas municipales con directa injerencia, tales como Asesoria Legal, Accion Social, etc
Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Capacities of Selected Chinese Medicinal Plants (2010)

Antioxidant capacities of 56 selected Chinese medicinal plants were evaluated using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, and their total phenolic content was measured by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The strong correlation between TEAC value and FRAP value suggested that the antioxidants in these plants possess free radical scavenging activity and oxidant reducing power, and the high positive correlation between antioxidant capacities and total phenolic content implied that phenolic compounds are a major contributor to the antioxidant activity of these plants. The results showed that Dioscorea bulbifera, Eriobotrya japonica, Tussilago farfara and Ephedra sinica could be potential rich sources of natural antioxidants.
Modeling and simulation of hardware/software systems with CD++ (2004)

Modeling and simulation (M&S) methodologies can be useful in the development of hardware-in-the-loop applications. CD++ is a toolkit with support for real-time model execution that implements DEVS, a sound, formal M&S framework allowing hierarchical, modular model composition and component reuse. We present a methodology that uses CD++ to develop hybrid hardware/software systems. The technique enables incremental transition from the simulated models to the actual hardware counterparts, supports experimental frameworks to facilitate testing in a risk-free environment, encourages component reuse, and allows developing models with different levels of abstraction. CD++ can reduce cost and time-to-market of hardware-in-the-loop applications, and preserves the benefits of a formal M&S methodology like DEVS.
The Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in Endothelial Proliferative Responses (2002)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a recently recognized second messenger regulating proliferation in mammalian cells. Endothelial cells possess NADPH oxidases, which produce the H202 precursor superoxide (.O2-) in response to receptor-mediated signaling. Multiple physiologic agents have been shown to stimulate endothelial cells to produce .O2-/H2O2, including growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta1, and alterations in biomechanical forces, such as shear stress and cyclic strain. Downstream effects of these stimuli can often be inhibited by scavenging H2O2. Low concentrations of H2O2 stimulate proliferation or enhanced survival in a wide variety of cell types. Also, low concentrations of H2O2 stimulate endothelial migration as well as tube formation in an in vitro model of angiogenesis. Although low concentrations of H2O2 have been shown to be involved in numerous signal transduction pathways and to independently stimulate mitogenesis, there has been little information presented on precisely how mammalian cells respond biochemically to these low concentrations of H2O2. Recently a functional proteomics approach has been utilized to identify proteins responsive to low concentrations of H2O2 in human endothelial cells.
Photorefractive spatial light modulation based on enhanced self-diffraction in sillenite crystals (1988)

The Doppler-enhanced self-diffraction configuration in photorefractive bismuth silicon oxide crystals is used to perform incoherent-to-coherent optical conversion of two-dimensional transparencies. The conversion process is described analytically, and preliminary results of converted images are shown.
Neue Veresterungsmethoden in der Peptidchemie, III. Veresterungen mit Hilfe von Estern (1961)

Abstract N ‐Acylierte Aminosäuren und einige ihrer Derivate wurden mit den Methyl‐bzw. Äthylestern der Ameisen‐ oder Essigsäure bei Anwesenheit von Säuren (Schwefelsäure, Toluolsulfonsäure‐monohydrat) als Katalysatoren selektiv verestert.
Positive-Unlabeled Learning with Non-Negative Risk Estimator (2017)

From only positive (P) and unlabeled (U) data, a binary classifier could be trained with PU learning, in which the state of the art is unbiased PU learning. However, if its model is very flexible, empirical risks on training data will go negative, and we will suffer from serious overfitting. In this paper, we propose a non-negative risk estimator for PU learning: when getting minimized, it is more robust against overfitting, and thus we are able to use very flexible models (such as deep neural networks) given limited P data. Moreover, we analyze the bias, consistency, and mean-squared-error reduction of the proposed risk estimator, and bound the estimation error of the resulting empirical risk minimizer. Experiments demonstrate that our risk estimator fixes the overfitting problem of its unbiased counterparts.
Induction of Inorganic Carbon Accumulation in the Unicellular Green Algae <i>Scenedesmus obliquus</i> and <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (1988)

The induction of a dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) accumulating mechanism in the two algal species Scenedesmus obliquus (WT) and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (137 c+) was physiologically characterized by monitoring DIC uptake kinetics at a low and constant DIC concentration (120-140 micromolar), after transfer from high-DIC culturing conditions. A potentiometric titration method was used to measure and calculate algal DIC uptake. Full acclimation to low-DIC conditions was obtained within a period of 90 min, after which time the DIC uptake had been increased 7 to 10 times. Experiments were also conducted in the presence of inhibitors against DIC accumulation. The inhibitor of extracellular carbonic anhydrase (CA), acetazolamide (50 micromolar), inhibited the adaptation partly, while the inhibitor of both extra- and intracellular CA, ethoxyzolamide (50 micromolar) totally inhibited the acclimation. Cycloheximide (10 micrograms per milliliter), which inhibits protein synthesis on cytoplasmic ribosomes, and vanadate (180 micromolar), which inhibits the plasmamembrane bound ATPase, also inhibited the acclimation totally. These results taken together suggest that the algae are dependent on intracellular CA, plasmamembrane bound ATPase, and de novo protein synthesis for DIC accumulation. Also, these components are more important than extracellular CA for the overall function of the DIC-accumulating mechanism.
Processing, Mechanical Properties, and Structure Analysis of Melt-Spun Fibers of P(3HB)/UHMW-P(3HB) Identical Blend (2012)

High tensile strength melt-spun fibers of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (P(3HB)) with the addition of a small amount of ultra-high-molecular-weight P(3HB) (UHMW-P(3HB)) were processed by cold-drawing and two-step cold-drawing methods. The mechanical properties and highly ordered structure were investigated by tensile testing, and wide-angle and small-angle X-ray diffraction measurements (WAXD and SAXS) using a synchrotron radiation beam at SPring-8. The molecular weight of P(3HB) decreased drastically within a few minutes during melt-spinning. However, in the case of the blended samples, the degree of molecular weight decrease was slightly reduced by the addition of UHMW-P(3HB). The melt-spun blend fibers stretched at a cold-drawing ratio of 14 showed a tensile strength of 530 MPa. When two-step cold-drawing was applied, the tensile strength increased further to 740 MPa. WAXD and SAXD revealed that the addition of a small amount of UHMW-P(3HB) into P(3HB) induces the formation of the β-form (planar zigzag conformation) of molecular chain, increasing the mechanical properties. Based on these results, it seems that the addition of a small amount of UHMW-P(3HB) has a great effect on the thermal stability and processability of melt-spun fibers and increases their final mechanical properties.
Dual-Frequency GPS Precise Point Positioning with WADGPS Corrections (2007)

ABSTRACT: The goal of the research described in this paper is the design of a GPS dual-frequency data processing technique capable of producing high-accuracy positioning results with wide area differential GPS (WADGPS) corrections. The main issues in using WADGPS corrections for dual-frequency GPS point positioning are the satellite clock referencing issue and how to handle the increased noise level by use of the ionosphere-free dual-frequency combination. To address these concerns, a sequential forward carrier-phase smoothing technique which utilizes the fully combined uncertainty for both systematic and random errors in the smoothing process has been designed. To account for the satellite clock referencing issue, the effects of the satellite instrumental biases have been precisely investigated and the observation equations for the different observables assuming the source of corrections is WADGPS have been developed. Results determined via developed software indicate that positioning accuracy at the few decimeter-level is attainable at a 95% confidence level.
Statistics for Biologists (1989)

This is the third edition of a successful textbook, now with material added to illustrate the potential of computers for biologists. It is a lucid introduction to the principles and more elementary techniques of statistical reasoning, particularly as they are relevant to the biologist. Special attention is paid to the validity and use of statistical procedures, the interpretation of results, and the meanings of the conclusions which can then be drawn. The understanding of statistical methods is aided by full explanations of how calculations are built up. A particular feature of this edition is the inclusion, of new material to demonstrate the potential usefulness of computers in biological statistical analysis and to this end computer analyses of a selection of the examples are presented, using several different statistical languages. The examples are designed to guide and encourage the biologist to pursue the use of these languages further. The book assumes no mathematical training and uses a minimum of jargon and symbolism. It will be useful to any biologist, student or research worker who needs an introduction to statistical procedures.