gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of the Aeroelastic Behavior of a Wind Turbine with Iced Blades (2019)

Wind turbines installed in cold-climate regions are prone to the risks of ice accumulation which affects their aeroelastic behavior. The studies carried out on this topic so far considered icing in a few sections of the blade, mostly located in the outer part of the blade, and their influence on the loads and power production of the turbine are only analyzed. The knowledge about the influence of icing in different locations of the blade and asymmetrical icing of the blades on loads, power, and vibration behavior of the turbine is still not matured. To improve this knowledge, multiple simulation cases are needed to run with different ice accumulations on the blade considering structural and aerodynamic property changes due to ice. Such simulations can be easily run by automating the ice shape creation on aerofoil sections and two-dimensional (2-D) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of those sections. The current work proposes such methodology and it is illustrated on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW baseline wind turbine model. The influence of symmetrical icing in different locations of the blade and asymmetrical icing of the blade assembly is analyzed on the turbine’s dynamic behavior using the aeroelastic computer-aided engineering tool FAST. The outer third of the blade produces about 50% of the turbine’s total power and severe icing in this part of the blade reduces power output and aeroelastic damping of the blade’s flapwise vibration modes. The increase in blade mass due to ice reduces its natural frequencies which can be extracted from the vibration responses of the turbine operating under turbulent wind conditions. Symmetrical icing of the blades reduces loads acting on the turbine components, whereas asymmetrical icing of the blades induces loads and vibrations in the tower, hub, and nacelle assembly at a frequency synchronous to rotational speed of the turbine.
Outage Probability in Mobile Telephony with Directive Antennas and Macrodiversity (1984)

Signal-to-interference ratio statistics for mobile telephony systems with hexagonal coverage areas, multiple interferers, and threecorner base stations are investigated. Corner base stations simultaneously reduce total interference (because of antenna directivity) and provide macrodiversity against shadow fading. Our results indicate that for 3 or 7 channel sets, with 2 tiers of interferers and typical system parameters (propagation exponent of 3.7 and lognormal spread of 8 dB), the improvement is on the order of 11 dB over a baseline arrangement which employs centrally located omnibase stations without macrodiversity. Additional considerations of blocking probabilities and average voice activity indicate possible further improvements.
CAR '98 : computer assisted radiology and surgery : proceedings of the 12th International Symposium and Exhibition, Tokyo, 24-27 June 1998 (1998)

Hardbound. International Congress Series 1165CAR '98 held in Tokyo, Japan, gathered together a host of international and interdisciplinary scientists for the purpose of introducing modern computer-assisted imaging technologies into medical diagnosis, therapy and training.In a short span of time, the impact of new technology has become a subject for discussion on a worldwide basis.Initially, the CAR Program Committee founded in 1983, comprised only of 10% physicians. Currently, as a result of widespread clinical acceptance of computer-assisted methods, more that half are radiologists or surgeons, and the rest are computers scientist and engineers. Over the years, the impact of CAR can be measured by the increased awareness and the raised expectations among participating medical practitioners and health care decision makers that CARS can provide superior quality, better access and lower costs.
Biochemical analysis of neutral endopeptidase activity reveals independent catabolism of atrial and brain natriuretic peptide (2004)

Recent reports presented contradictory results regarding the catabolism of mature atrial (ANP) and brain (BNP) natriuretic peptides in circulation. Especially the role of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) in BNP degradation was conversely discussed. Our present in vitro-studies characterize the NEP-dependent metabolism of ANP and BNP in different tissues via HPLC-analysis using NEP-deficient mice and specific NEP inhibitors. Our results show a strong tissue-dependent degradation pattern of both peptides, which are not only due to the different NEP activities in these tissues. Whereas NEP rapidly degraded ANP, it had no influence in BNP-metabolism. Additional experiments with purified NEP confirmed this result. Moreover, we describe a degradation of ANP and BNP in NEP-deficient- and NEP-inhibited membranes. Consequently, we postulate the existence of at least one further natriuretic peptide (NP) degrading enzyme, which has not been characterized yet. Thus, the commonly accepted model of the natriuretic peptide system with NEP as the central degrading peptidase has to be partly revised. Moreover, the NEP-independent BNP degradation provides an effective means for achieving a beneficial BNP increase in cardiovascular pathology by inhibiting the assumed novel NP-degrading peptidase(s).
Video Synthesis at Tennis Player Viewpoint from Multiple View Videos (2006)

In this paper, we propose a new method for synthesizing player-view from multiple videos in tennis. Our method is divided into two key techniques: virtual-view synthesis and player's view-point estimation. In the former technique, the existing method view interpolation, which is a technique of synthesizing images in an intermediate viewpoint from the real images in two view-points, restricts a viewpoint position between two viewpoints. To avoid this restriction, we propose a new method of the ability to set up a viewpoint position freely. In the latter, viewpoint position is computed from the center of gravity of a player region in captured videos using epipolar geometry. By applying the computed player's viewpoint to the former method, we can synthesize player-view image. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can successfully provide tennis player-view video in tennis.
Accurate dimensional characterization of periodic structures by spectroscopic Mueller polarimetry (2008)

The potential of spectroscopic Mueller polarimetry for the dimensional characterization of periodic structures has already been discussed in several instances. With respect to standard scatterometry; the added value of the technique is related to the information contained in the 16 elements of the Mueller matrix, while usual scatterometry provides only two. The additional information can prove useful to decorrelate dimensional or optical parameters, and to assess the adequacy of the model describing the profiles to be reconstructed: if the model is adequate, the optimal values of the dimensional parameters must remain stable when the measurement conditions, and thus the input data, are varied. This issue has been addressed for a series of 1D gratings etched in bulk Si and characterized by a spectroscopic polarimeter operating in the visible (Horiba Jobin Yvon MM-16), as well as CD-SEM and state-of-the art CD-AFM. With the usual lamellar or trapezoidal models both the CD and thickness values exhibit up to 10 nm systematic variations with measurement conditions. In contrast, with an original model taking into account the non-flatness of the open areas between adjacent lines the parameters become consistent to within 2 nm, well below typical tool-to-tool offsets. The corresponding profiles are also compatible with the CD-AFM images.
<i>LEPS2</i>, a Phosphorus Starvation-Induced Novel Acid Phosphatase from Tomato (2001)

Phosphate (Pi) is one of the least available plant nutrients found in the soil. A significant amount of phosphate is bound in organic forms in the rhizosphere. Phosphatases produced by plants and microbes are presumed to convert organic phosphorus into available Pi, which is absorbed by plants. In this study we describe the isolation and characterization of a novel tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) phosphate starvation-induced gene (LePS2) representing an acid phosphatase. LePS2 is a member of a small gene family in tomato. The cDNA is 942 bp long and contains an open reading frame encoding a 269-amino acid polypeptide. The amino acid sequence of LePS2 has a significant similarity with a phosphatase from chicken. Distinct regions of the peptide also share significant identity with the members of HAD and DDDD super families of phosphohydrolases. Many plant homologs of LePS2 are found in the databases. The LePS2 transcripts are induced rapidly in tomato plant and cell culture in the absence of Pi. However, the induction is repressible in the presence of Pi. Divided root studies indicate that internal Pi levels regulate the expression of LePS2. The enhanced expression of LePS2 is a specific response to Pi starvation, and it is not affected by starvation of other nutrients or abiotic stresses. The bacterially (Escherichia coli) expressed protein exhibits phosphatase activity against the synthetic substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate. The pH optimum of the enzyme activity suggests that LePS2 is an acid phosphatase.
Gene therapy and erectile dysfunction： the current status (2007)

为可勃起的机能障碍(编辑) 的当前的可得到的处理选择是有效的然而并非没有失败或副作用。尽管 phosphodiesterasetype 的发展 5 (PDE5 ) 禁止者(即 sildenafil， tadalafil 和 vardenafil ) 革命化了编辑的治疗，这些口头的药要求按需的存取并且不作为与糖尿病、前列腺切除术以后、严重的 veno 闭塞的疾病状态有关的有效 intreating 编辑。在编辑的治疗的改进依赖于理解人的肉体的光滑的肌肉音调并且在相关分子的目标的鉴定上的规定。未来编辑治疗可能考虑象基因治疗那样的分子的技术的申请。作为一个潜在的治疗学的工具，没有影响休息阴茎功能，基因治疗可能“在需求上”为 alteringintracavernous 压力提供一个有效、特定的工具。然而，基因治疗的安全仍然是一个主要障碍在作为一个主流的处理被接受让编辑基因治疗目的在编辑治好内在的条件前克服，包括纤维变性。而且，基因治疗可能帮助由改进阴茎氮的 oxidebioactivity 延长 PDE5 禁止者的功效。因为它的地点和可接近性，处于松驰的状态的低阴茎循环流动和 endotheliallined (花格平顶) 的存在空格，把基因治疗用于阴茎是可行的。这评论在编辑的管理提供基因治疗的当前的角色的简短卓见。
Achieving a log(n) Speed Up for Boolean Matrix Operations and Calculating the Complexity of the Dense Linear Algebra step of Algebraic Stream Cipher Attacks and of Integer Factorization Methods. (2006)

The purpose of this paper is to calculate the running time of dense boolean matrix operations, as used in stream cipher cryptanalysis and integer factorization. Several variations of Gaussian Elimination, Strassen’s Algorithm and the Method of Four Russians are analyzed. In particular, we demonstrate that Strassen’s Algorithm is actually slower than the Four Russians algorithm for matrices of the sizes encountered in these problems. To accomplish this, we introduce a new model for tabulating the running time, tracking matrix reads and writes rather than field operations, and retaining the coefficients rather than dropping them. Furthermore, we introduce an algorithm known heretofore only orally, a “Modified Method of Four Russians”, which has not appeared in the literature before. This algorithm is logn times faster than Gaussian Elimination for dense boolean matrices. Finally we list rough estimates for the running time of several recent stream cipher cryptanalysis attacks.
Classification for Literature on Compliant Mechanisms: A Design Methodology Based Approach (2009)

In the last 20 years the interest in compliant mechanisms has experienced a rebirth with a continuous growth in research with the consequently increase of literature in this area. This work presents a classification scheme to organize literature on compliant mechanisms. The literature classification is based on the design methodology for conventional mechanisms; which is proposed as a compatible design process also for compliant mechanisms by assuming some limitations and extensions in the employed terms. As an example, 120 relevant research documents in compliant mechanisms have been classified. The work done on topology optimization was excluded due to its extension.
Parking structure repair by full-slab replacement (1993)

The article describes why, when a high-rise structure needed a high-quality, long-term repair solution for a severely distressed parking deck slab, the answer was a full deck replacement. The factors leading to the decision are discussed. When deterioration is very severe, overlays are not practical. This is especially true when corrosion of the top reinforcement is so advanced that it loses its bond or cross-sectional area and flexural moments have redistributed, resulting in the significant overstress of the bottom reinforcing bars. When total demolition is not posible, full deck replacement is the only viable solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Amalgam (Na‐Hg) Reduction of Some 4‐Substituted‐2‐amino‐3,5‐dicyano‐6‐methoxypyridines. New Evidence Regarding the Oxydation Step in Their Synthesis. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pathogenic agents in inflammatory bowel diseases (2008)

M. avium subsp paratuberculosis, adherent-invasive E. coli and Candida are good candidates for an infectious aetiology of Crohn's disease on the basis of genetic susceptibility, which relates to impaired function in the defence against intracellular bacteria.
Analysis of biomaterials deposited on soft contact lenses (1977)

Formation of opaque deposits on the anterior (air) surface of hydrophilic soft contact lenses is a problem worthy of investigation by all concerned. These deposits have been analyzed for biomaterials by chemical, biochemical, electrophoretic, and immunological techniques. Qualitative and quantitative chemical colorimetric tests revealed the presence of variable amounts of protein (5-10 microgram/lens), carbohydrate (1.0-1.2 microgram/lens), and phospholipids (0.01-0.05 micronmole/lens). Cholesterol and glucose were not present at detectable levels. Fluorescent antibody tests with appropriate controls gave positive tests for albumin, lysozyme, gamma-G-globulin, and alpha1-lipoprotein in the deposits, all proteins present in tear fluid. Deposits were most effectively removed from the lenses by the combination of heat, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) detergent, and the thiol reagent dithiothreitol (DTT). SDS-denatured protein migrated on polyacrylamide gels with electrophoretic patterns corresponding to molecular weights for those proteins detected by the above antibody tests. The nature of the bonding interactions of biomaterials to the lenses was probed by chemical reagents used to remove them, employed singly and in all possible combinations. Urea, guanidine hydrochloride, potassium thiocyanate, potassium perchlorate, hydroxylamine, and EDTA were much less effective than SDS and DTT. These data suggest that apolar interactions plus disulfide bonds may be important in stabilizing the deposit structure, and point to improved cleaning procedures.
Enamel Matrix Proteins and Ameloblast Biology (1995)

The paper reviews the changes in ameloblast ultrastructure, concomitant with the changes in its functions across the major stages of amelogenesis. It describes the mechanisms associated with the major events in biosynthesis and degradation of the major enamel proteins (amelogenins and tuftelin/enamelins) and with the presecretory and postsecretory mechanisms leading to the heterogeneity of these extracellular matrix proteins. The gene structure, chromosomal localization, protein, primary structure and possible function, and the involvement of the different proteins in X-linked (amelogenin) and possibly in autosomally linked (tuftelin) amelogenesis imperfecta, the most common hereditary disease of enamel, are also discussed.
Ligand-Induced TCR Down-Regulation Is Not Dependent on Constitutive TCR Cycling (2002)

TCR internalization takes place both in resting T cells as part of constitutive TCR cycling, after PKC activation, and during TCR triggering. It is still a matter of debate whether these pathways represent distinct pathways. Thus, some studies have indicated that ligand-induced TCR internalization is regulated by mechanisms distinct from those involved in constitutive internalization, whereas other studies have suggested that the ligand-induced TCR internalization pathway is identical with the constitutive pathway. To resolve this question, we first identified requirements for constitutive TCR cycling. We found that in contrast to PKC-induced TCR internalization where both CD3gamma-S(126) and the CD3gamma leucine-based internalization motif are required, constitutive TCR cycling required neither PKC nor CD3gamma-S(126) but only the CD3gamma leucine-based motif. Having identified these requirements, we next studied ligand-induced internalization in cells with abolished constitutive TCR cycling. We found that ligand-induced TCR internalization was not dependent on constitutive TCR internalization. Likewise, constitutive internalization and recycling of the TCR were independent of an intact ligand-induced internalization of the TCR. In conclusion, ligand-induced TCR internalization and constitutive cycling of the TCR represents two independent pathways regulated by different mechanisms.
Designing large electronic mail systems (2003)

Three methods with varying degrees of flexibility are investigated: (1) Mail systems with syntax-directed naming which identify users by names that are syntactically structured according to user locations. Algorithms for load balancing among mail servers, system reconfiguration, and efficient message delivery are developed and tested using simulation. (2) Mail systems with limited location-independent access which allow users to access them from one primary location and a number of secondary locations. Procedures that keep track of users who migrate from their primary location and redirect their mail are presented. (3) The attribute-based mail system which provides maximum flexibility to users by allowing them to identify one or more mail recipients by attributes instead of only by precise names. It can also be used in mass distribution of electronic mail. An algorithm for efficient broadcasting and searching using a minimum-weight spanning tree is investigated. Criteria for evaluating electronic mail systems are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Creation of a uniform high magnetic-field strength environment for laser-driven experiments (2005)

Measurement of magnetic fields generated by a high-energy, high-intensity laser-driven millimeter-scale Helmholtz coil target is reported. The magnetic field is derived from a reverse current that passes through two coils of 1.25-mm radius. A peak field of 7T with a time decay of 17ns is inferred from a series of induction coil measurements when the hot-electron temperature driving the reverse current is approximately ∼15keV. A simple model of the laser-driven Helmholtz coil target suggests how the target should be optimized to produce high-peak fields and indicates that peak magnetic fields above 100T are accessible. This could lead to exciting experiments in laser-plasma physics, in particular, experiments related to laboratory astrophysics.
Pyrazinamide is not active in vitro against Mycobacterium avium complex. (1986)

Strains of M. tuberculosis that elaborate pyrazinamidase are typically susceptible in vitro and in vivo to pyrazinamide (PZA). However, we found that 33 strains of M. avium complex (MAC), all of which were pyrazinamidase-positive, were resistant in vitro to a high concentration (100 micrograms/ml) of PZA when tested at low pH in 7H12 broth by radiometric (BACTEC) method. The drug was equally ineffective against these bacteria within cultured normal human macrophages. We conclude that the pyrazinamidase test is not suitable for susceptibility studies against M. avium complex. On the basis of our in vitro studies, which support earlier data, we believe that PZA is not appropriate for therapy of MAC disease.
Modelling and measuring flow and wind turbine wakes in large wind farms offshore (2009)

Abstract Average power losses due to wind turbine wakes are of the order of 10 to 20% of total power output in large offshore wind farms. Accurately quantifying power losses due to wakes is, therefore, an important part of overall wind farm economics. The focus of this research is to compare different types of models from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to wind farm models in terms of how accurately they represent wake losses when compared with measurements from offshore wind farms. The ultimate objective is to improve modelling of flow for large wind farms in order to optimize wind farm layouts to reduce power losses due to wakes and loads. The research presented is part of the EC‐funded UpWind project, which aims to radically improve wind turbine and wind farm models in order to continue to improve the costs of wind energy. Reducing wake losses, or even reduce uncertainties in predicting power losses from wakes, contributes to the overall goal of reduced costs. Here, we assess the state of the art in wake and flow modelling for offshore wind farms, the focus so far has been cases at the Horns Rev wind farm, which indicate that wind farm models require modification to reduce under‐prediction of wake losses while CFD models typically over‐predict wake losses. Further investigation is underway to determine the causes of these discrepancies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Phosphorylation of Serine 492 of Perilipin A Directs Lipid Droplet Fragmentation and Dispersion (2006)

Perilipin A is a key regulator of triacylglycerol storage and hydrolysis in adipocytes; phosphorylation of perilipin A by protein kinase A facilitates maximal lipolysis. Chronic stimulation of lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes causes large perinuclear lipid droplets to fragment into myriad dispersed perilipin A-covered microlipid droplets. In cultured fibroblasts stably expressing ectopic perilipin A, clustered lipid droplets disperse throughout the cytoplasm upon incubation of the cells with forskolin and isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) to elevate levels of cAMP and activate protein kinase A, mirroring events observed in adipocytes. Furthermore, diethylum-belliferyl phosphate inhibits stimulated lipolysis but not the dispersion of lipid droplets, suggesting that products of lipolysis are not required for this remodeling process. We hypothesized that protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of perilipin A triggers the remodeling of lipid droplets. The mutation of serine 492 of perilipin A to alanine prevented the dispersion of clustered lipid droplets in fibroblasts stably expressing the mutated perilipin upon incubation with forskolin and IBMX. In contrast, the substitution of serines 81, 222, 276, or 433 with alanine, either singly or in combinations, did not affect the protein kinase A-mediated remodeling of lipid droplets. Interestingly, substitution of serines 433, 492, and 517 of perilipin A with glutamic acid residues blocked the dispersion of clustered lipid droplets in cells incubated with forskolin and IBMX, indicating that the addition of a negative charge does not mimic a phosphate group. We conclude that protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of serine 492 of perilipin A drives the fragmentation and dispersion of lipid droplets.