gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coordination and collective mind in software requirements development (1998)

The purpose of this study was to understand how the group processes of teams of software requirements analysts led to problems and to suggest possible solutions. Requirements definition is important to establish the framework for a development project. Researchers have proposed numerous requirements development techniques, but less has been done on managing teams of requirements analysts. To learn more about group processes within such teams, we studied two teams of analysts developing requirements for large, complex real-time systems. These teams had problems ensuring that requirements documents were complete, consistent, and correct; fixing those problems required additional time and effort. To identify sources of problems, we applied two theories of collective action, coordination theory and collective mind theory. Coordination theory suggests that a key problem in requirement analysis is identifying and managing dependencies between requirements and among tasks. Most requirements methods and tools reflect this perspective, focusing on better representation and communication of requirements. The collective mind perspective complements these suggestions by explaining how individuals come to understand how their work contributes to the work of the group. This perspective suggests that deficiencies in actors' representations of the process and subordination to collective goals limit the value of their contributions.
Breast Disease: Clinical Application of US Elastography for Diagnosis (2006)

For assessing breast lesions, US elastography with the proposed imaging classification, which was simple compared with that of the Breast Imaging Recording and Data System classification, had almost the same diagnostic performance as conventional US.
Predicting genes expressed via -1 and +1 frameshifts (2004)

Computational identification of ribosomal frameshift sites in genomic sequences is difficult due to their diverse nature, yet it provides useful information for understanding the underlying mechanisms and discovering new genes. We have developed an algorithm that searches entire genomic or mRNA sequences for frameshifting sites, and implements the algorithm as a web-based program called FSFinder (Frameshift Signal Finder). The current version of FSFinder is capable of finding -1 frameshift sites on heptamer sequences X XXY YYZ, and +1 frameshift sites for two genes: protein chain release factor B (prfB) and ornithine decarboxylase antizyme (oaz). We tested FSFinder on approximately 190 genomic and partial DNA sequences from a number of organisms and found that it predicted frameshift sites efficiently and with greater sensitivity and specificity than existing approaches. It has improved sensitivity because it considers many known components of a frameshifting cassette and searches these components on both + and - strands, and its specificity is increased because it focuses on overlapping regions of open reading frames and prioritizes candidate frameshift sites. FSFinder is useful for discovering unknown genes that utilize alternative decoding, as well as for analyzing frameshift sites. It is freely accessible at http://wilab.inha.ac.kr/FSFinder/.
Chip Substrate Resistance Modeling Technique for Integrated Circuit Design (1984)

With the advent of VLSI and the use of statistical simulation techniques to perform integrated circuit design, modeling of chip substrate resistance is becoming increasingly important to successful chip design. This paper will present a substrate resistance modeling technique which may be applied to the design of both FET and bipolar chips. After briefly presenting the theory behind the technique, we will describe its use in developing a substrate resistance model required for studying a disturb problem encountered with a high-speed array chip. The steps involved in building and simplifying the substrate model will be described. The effect on circuit simulations and noise sensitivity will then be shown.
Bibliometrics of systematic reviews: analysis of citation rates and journal impact factors (2013)

The JIF predicted over half of the variation in citations to the systematic reviews. However, the distribution of citations was markedly skewed. Some reviews in journals with low JIFs were well-cited and others in higher JIF journals received relatively few citations; hence the JIF did not accurately represent the number of citations to individual systematic reviews.
Receptor-mediated uptake of lysosomal enzymes. (1978)

This paper reviews the evidence for two different forms of carbohydrate-mediated recognition of lysosomal enzymes by cell surface receptors. The recognition marker on lysosomal enzymes which are rapidly pinocytosed by fibroblasts contains phosphate, probably linked to D-mannose as a phosphomannosyl moiety. The fraction of lysosomal hydrolases bearing this recognition marker for fibroblasts varies, depending on the tissue source. Another form of recognition accounts for rapid plasma clearance of infused lysosomal enzymes in the rat. This rapid clearance is mediated by receptors on Kupffer cells and other reticuloendothelial cells that recognize mannosyl residues on the glycoprotein hydrolases.
Robust design of binary countercurrent adsorption separation processes (1993)

Abstract The separation of a binary mixture, using a third component having intermediate adsorptivity as desorbent, in a four section countercurrent adsorption separation unit is considered. A procedure for the optimal and robust design of the unit is developed in the frame of Equilibrium Theory, using a model where the adsorption equilibria are described through the constant selectivity stoichiometric model, while mass‐transfer resistances and axial mixing are neglected. By requiring that the unit achieves complete separation, it is possible to identify a set of implicit constraints on the operating parameters, that is, the flow rate ratios in the four sections of the unit. From these constraints explicit bounds on the operating parameters are obtained, thus yielding a region in the operating parameters space, which can be drawn a priori in terms of the adsorption equilibrium constants and the feed composition. This result provides a very convenient tool to determine both optimal and robust operating conditions. The latter issue is addressed by first analyzing the various possible sources of disturbances, as well as their effect on the separation performance. Next, the criteria for the robust design of the unit are discussed. Finally, these theoretical findings are compared with a set of experimental results obtained in a six port simulated moving bed adsorption separation unit operated in the vapor phase.
K-Band High-Power GaAs FET Amplifiers (1981)

Lumped-element internal matching techniques were successfully adopted for K-band power GaAs FET amplifiers. The developed 18-GHz band two-stage amplifier provides 1.05-W power output at 1-dB gain compression and 1.26-W saturated power output with 8.1-dB small-signal gain. The 20-GHz band single-stage amplifier has 1.04-W power output with 3-dB associated gain. Lumped-element internal matching circuit design as well as amplifier fabrication are described. Intermodulation distortion and AM-to-PM conversion characteristics are also presented.
SEROLOGIC RESPONSE OF CAPTIVE COYOTES (CANIS LATRANS SAY) TO CANINE PARVOVIRUS AND ACCOMPANYING PROFILES OF CANINE CORONAVIRUS TITERS (1984)

Fifty-five of 66 (83%) coyote pups from bitches vaccinated against canine parvovirus (CPV) were seropositive for CPV antibodies at birth. The CPV antibody titer in the pups declined with a half-life of 6.7 days until by the 8th week, only two of 41 (5%) pups were seropositive for CPV antibodies. At 8 wk, 41 of the pups were vaccinated against CPV (killed feline origin vaccine), but only one of 37 (3%) was positive for CPV antibodies at 11 wk. The 8-wk-old pups were either too young to respond to the CPV vaccine; they had sufficient undetectable, maternally-derived CPV antibodies to block active immunization; 3 wk was not a sufficient time for an immunological response from the pups; or the vaccine was poorly antigenic. Twenty of the 66 pups (30%) were seropositive for canine coronavirus (CCV) antibodies at birth, and all but three of the 20 were whelped from bitches that were also seropositive for CCV antibodies. Vaccination of females prior to whelping appeared to provide protection to their pups from CPV-induced mortality.
Colocated MIMO Radar: Beamforming, Waveform design, and Target Parameter Estimation (2014)

Thanks to its improved capabilities, the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radar is attracting the attention of researchers and practitioners alike. Because it transmits orthogonal or partially correlated waveforms, this emerging technology outperformed the phased array radar by providing better parametric identifiability, achieving higher spatial resolution, and designing complex beampatterns. To avoid jamming and enhance the signal to noise ratio, it is often interesting to maximize the transmitted power in a given region of interest and minimize it elsewhere. This problem is known as the transmit beampattern design and is usually tackled as a two-step process: a transmit covariance matrix is firstly designed by minimizing a convex optimization problem, which is then used to generate practical waveforms. In this work, we propose simple novel methods to generate correlated waveforms using finite alphabet constant and non-constant-envelope symbols. To generate finite alphabet waveforms, the proposed method maps easily generated Gaussian random variables onto the phase-shift-keying, pulse-amplitude, and quadrature-amplitude modulation schemes. For such mapping, the probability density function of Gaussian random variables is divided into M regions, where M is the number of alphabets in the corresponding modulation scheme. By exploiting the mapping function, the relationship between the cross-correlation of Gaussian and finite alphabet symbols is derived. The second part of this thesis covers the topic of target parameter estimation. To determine the reflection coefficient, spatial location, and Doppler shift of a target, maximum likelihood estimation yields the best performance. However, it requires a two dimensional search problem. Therefore, its computational complexity is prohibitively high. So, we proposed a reduced complexity and optimum performance algorithm which allows the two dimensional fast Fourier transform to jointly estimate the spatial location and Doppler shift. To assess the performance of the proposed estimators, the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) is derived. Simulation results show that the mean square estimation error of the proposed estimators achieve the CRLB. Keywords: Collocate antennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar, Finite alphabet waveforms, Hermite polynomials, Reflection coefficient, Doppler, Spatial location, Cramér-Rao Lower Bound.
A Review of Analytical Techniques for Identifying Contaminants in the Semiconductor Industry (2002)

The appropriate analytical technique to characterize contamination requires the correct measurement instrument, together with careful experimental design and data analysis to eliminate random and systematic errors. When selecting the analytical technique for a specific application, it is important to recognize the advantages and limitations of the technique. This paper reviews common analytical techniques to monitor the purity of cleaning chemicals, solvents, and water; cleanroom environment and components; wafer boxes; and wafers. The techniques described are wet chemical analytical methods and microanalytical methods.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Metathesis of Polymer‐Bound Olefins (1996)

Cross metathesis between carrier-bound and dissolved olefins enable the simple construction of disubstituted double bonds on the solid phase (see below). As expected, ring-closing metathesis of immobilized diolefins can also be achieved in good yields by this method. The olefin metathesis can thus also be applied in topical solid-phase syntheses.
Genetic Manipulation of <i>Prochlorococcus</i> Strain MIT9313: Green Fluorescent Protein Expression from an RSF1010 Plasmid and Tn <i>5</i> Transposition (2006)

Prochlorococcus is the smallest oxygenic phototroph yet described. It numerically dominates the phytoplankton community in the mid-latitude oceanic gyres, where it has an important role in the global carbon cycle. The complete genomes of several Prochlorococcus strains have been sequenced, revealing that nearly half of the genes in each genome are of unknown function. Genetic methods, such as reporter gene assays and tagged mutagenesis, are critical to unveiling the functions of these genes. Here, we describe conditions for the transfer of plasmid DNA into Prochlorococcus strain MIT9313 by interspecific conjugation with Escherichia coli. Following conjugation, E. coli bacteria were removed from the Prochlorococcus cultures by infection with E. coli phage T7. We applied these methods to show that an RSF1010-derived plasmid will replicate in Prochlorococcus strain MIT9313. When this plasmid was modified to contain green fluorescent protein, we detected its expression in Prochlorococcus by Western blotting and cellular fluorescence. Further, we applied these conjugation methods to show that a mini-Tn5 transposon will transpose in vivo in Prochlorococcus. These genetic advances provide a basis for future genetic studies with Prochlorococcus, a microbe of ecological importance in the world's oceans.
Long-term exposure to leptin enhances the growth of prostate cancer cells (2015)

Obesity correlates with an increased risk of developing prostate cancer (PCa) and leptin plays an important role in PCa progression. Since leptin is produced by adipocytes, the serum leptin level is higher in obese than in non-obese individuals. However, the effects of leptin remain controversial and unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of leptin on PCa cell aggressiveness. Three human PCa cell lines (LNCaP, DU145 and PC-3) were treated with recombinant leptin for 28 days. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were estimated using the WST assay, a wound-healing assay, and a BD Matrigel invasion assay, respectively. The mechanism underlying the proliferative effect of leptin was investigated by cell transfections with small interfering RNA (siRNA) against the leptin receptor (ObR) or forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), and by immunocytochemistry. Long-term exposure of PCa cells to leptin enhanced their proliferation, migration and invasion. Leptin increased ObR expression and enhanced Akt phosphorylation constitutively. Leptin also increased the phosphorylation of FOXO1 via PI3K signaling and FOXO1 gene silencing enhanced PCa cell proliferation. Leptin induced the translocation of FOXO1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, the PI3K inhibitor, LY294002 suppressed this translocation. These results suggested that leptin regulated the subcellular localization of FOXO1 and induced Akt phosphorylation. Additionally, we revealed that leptin increased the expression of cyclin D1 and decreased the expression of p21 protein. In conclusion, long-term exposure to leptin increased the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of PCa cells through inactivation of FOXO1. This inactivation resulted from exclusion of FOXO1 from the nucleus and its restriction to the cytoplasm through PI3K/Akt signaling. Our findings contribute to an understanding of the association between obesity and PCa aggressiveness.
Physiological and Pharmacological Manipulations with Light Flashes (1982)

In the experiments described here, a physiological measurement is made while photochemical procedures are employed to alter (a) the concentration of a ligand near membranes or proteins or (b) the structure of the\nligand-receptor complexes. Because photochemical reactions often provide the quickest way to produce such chemical perturbations, we emphasize the kinetic information that such experiments have yielded. This information requires a suitably rapid physiological measurement, usually\nan electrical or optical one. The results often complement those obtained with other kinds of kinetic investigation (iontophoretic application of drugs, stopped-flow mixing, temperature jump, etc). Pharmacological manipulations with light flashes are especially useful for biological systems\nthat cannot be flowed, for instance membranes under electro-physiological investigation or solutions at very low temperatures.
In-Use Evaluation of a Commercially Available Set of Quality Control Cultures (1973)

Increasing awareness of the need for a uniform quality control program prompted an evaluation of a commercially available set (Bact-Chek) of eight organisms. A protocol was designed in which this set of control cultures was tested simultaneously in the clinical microbiology laboratory of a 400-bed hospital (the Berkshire Medical Center) and in the reference laboratories of the Bacteriology Section of the Center for Disease Control. The results indicate that the Bact-Chek organisms are essentially as advertised: they constitute a basic set of cultures for a quality control program in clinical microbiology. Ninety per cent of the media and reagents (excluding mycobacterial media and reagents) in the clinical laboratory were checked with this set of eight cultures. Additional cultures not in the set were used to check the remaining 10% of the media and reagents.
Fundamental Considerations in Designing Auditory Implants (1979)

The usual premise underlying developmental work on cochlear prostheses as prospective cures for profound deafness is that the auditory nerve can be electrically stimulated in such a manner that communicative skills can be developed or maintained. Physiologic recordings from single fibers in the cat's auditory nerve and attempts to model these responses have generated a description of how the auditory nerve codes complex sounds such as speech. This work suggests that certain minimal cues might have to be present at the level of the auditory nerve in order that adequate discrimination of specific speech signals can take place. The prospects for achieving a useful prosthesis in the near future will be evaluated in terms of what can be expected from current attempts to code the artificial stimulation properly.
Comparison of amino acid sequences of three glucoamylases and their structure-function relationships. (1986)

Amino acid sequences of three glucoamylases from Rhizopus, Aspergillus, and Saccharomyces were compared and the overall homology was from 25 to 36%. A greater homology was observed in four distinct regions suggesting that they may be functionally constrained amino acid sequences. Rhizopus and Aspergillus glucoamylases were more closely related among the three. The structure-function relationships of glucoamylase are discussed based on sequence comparison, probable secondary structures, and the hydropathy profiles.
Design of Home Network Gateway for Real-Time A/V Streaming between IEEE1394 and Ethernet (2007)

For practical multimedia streaming services in home networks, seamless binding between two stream formats (digital video (DV) and MPEG-4), on two heterogeneous protocols (IEEE 1394 and Ethernet), is required. IEEE 1394 is the best way for the real-time transmission of high bandwidth audio/video (A/V) content inside a home, and Ethernet provides a connection to anywhere, not only in homes, but also outside by using wired or wireless mobile solutions, however, because of differences between the two stream solutions (DV-IEEE 1394 and MPEG-4-Ethernet), an appropriate device or function is needed between the two parts. In this paper, the software and hardware architecture of a media gateway are suggested in order to solve the problems. First, hardware architecture was designed to support transcoding functions between DV and MPEG-4 in real-time. It also solves resource limitations between two protocols and related devices such as bandwidth and quality factors. Suggested software architecture coordinates the heterogeneity of transaction management and addressing mechanisms between two protocols. Based on the design requirements of the proposed system, we implemented a prototype media gateway based on the proposed architecture and the performance was evaluates being successful.
Increased expression of TGFβ type I receptor in brain tissues of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (2008)

TbetaRs (transforming growth factor beta receptors) have recently been identified in animal experiments as being involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. The aim of the present study was to understand further the potential effects of TbetaRs in human epilepsy. Tissue samples of temporal neocortices from 30 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were prepared for detecting TbetaR-I (type 1 TbetaR) protein expression using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. We compared these tissues with histologically normal temporal lobes from controls. TbetaR-I immunoreactivity was increased in the patient group compared with controls using immunohistochemistry, and this finding was consistently observed with Western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence showed that TbetaR-I fluorescence stain mainly accumulated in the cytoplasm of astrocytes. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that an up-regulation of TbetaR-I is present in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
Interactive Realistic Simulation of Wireless Networks (2007)

Ray tracing is the core technology that enables the physically correct simulation of light transport. Much progress has been made to increase the efficiency of the basic algorithm and it lends itself to simulations outside the domain of computer graphics. We explore current ray tracing technology to simulate wireless networks at interactive rates. Other than in classic computer graphics diffraction contributes important parts of the solution, but is difficult to capture. We present a ray tracing based algorithm that outperforms state of the art simulation technology by far, as verified by a real-world experiment.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of Pyrazine at the Junction between Two Ag<sub>20</sub> Nanoclusters (2006)

In this work we present a detailed time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) investigation of the absorption and Raman spectra of a pyrazine molecule located at the junction between two Ag20 clusters. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancements of the order of 10(6) have been found for the junction system, which are similar to enhancements of 10(5) found for individual silver nanoparticles. Surprisingly, the chemical enhancement is found to account for as much as 10(5), suggesting that this mechanism might be more important than previously believed, in particular for nanoparticle aggregates. Moreover, TDDFT calculations suggest that unlike larger nanoparticles, the junction between small Ag20 tetrahedral clusters does not provide an electromagnetic "hot spot".