gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Genomics of Host Adaptation in Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (2008)

Populations experiencing similar selection pressures can sometimes diverge in the genetic architectures underlying evolved complex traits. We used RNA virus populations of large size and high mutation rate to study the impact of historical environment on genome evolution, thus increasing our ability to detect repeatable patterns in the evolution of genetic architecture. Experimental vesicular stomatitis virus populations were evolved on HeLa cells, on MDCK cells, or on alternating hosts. Turner and Elena (2000. Cost of host radiation in an RNA virus. Genetics. 156:1465-1470.) previously showed that virus populations evolved in single-host environments achieved high fitness on their selected hosts but failed to increase in fitness relative to their ancestor on the unselected host and that alternating-host-evolved populations had high fitness on both hosts. Here we determined the complete consensus sequence for each evolved population after 95 generations to gauge whether the parallel phenotypic changes were associated with parallel genomic changes. We also analyzed the patterns of allele substitutions to discern whether differences in fitness across hosts arose through true pleiotropy or the presence of not only a mutation that is beneficial in both hosts but also 1 or more mutations at other loci that are costly in the unselected environment (mutation accumulation [MA]). We found that ecological history may influence to what extent pleiotropy and MA contribute to fitness asymmetries across environments. We discuss the degree to which current genetic architecture is expected to constrain future evolution of complex traits, such as host use by RNA viruses.
35.3: Improvement of Transmitted Light Efficiency in SH‐LCDs Using Quarter‐Wave Retardation Films (2000)

Abstract For improving the transmitted light efficiency we have theoretically and experimentally studied mulit‐domain Super‐Homeotropic (SH) LCDs combined with two •/4 retardation films. As a result, the transmitted light efficiency of the LCD panel is improved up to 1.6 times that of a conventional SH panel, so that the steepness of the electro‐optical characteristics is also improved. We then show that the further improvement of the efficiency can be achieved by using a cholesteric film and the obtaioned final improvement in the transmitted light efficiency is about 2 times that of conventional SH panel.
Overview of CRISPR–Cas9 Biology (2016)

Prokaryotes use diverse strategies to improve fitness in the face of different environmental threats and stresses, including those posed by mobile genetic elements (e.g., bacteriophages and plasmids). To defend against these elements, many bacteria and archaea use elegant, RNA-directed, nucleic acid-targeting adaptive restriction machineries called CRISPR -: Cas (CRISPR-associated) systems. While providing an effective defense against foreign genetic elements, these systems have also been observed to play critical roles in regulating bacterial physiology during environmental stress. Increasingly, CRISPR-Cas systems, in particular the Type II systems containing the Cas9 endonuclease, have been exploited for their ability to bind desired nucleic acid sequences, as well as direct sequence-specific cleavage of their targets. Cas9-mediated genome engineering is transcending biological research as a versatile and portable platform for manipulating genetic content in myriad systems. Here, we present a systematic overview of CRISPR-Cas history and biology, highlighting the revolutionary tools derived from these systems, which greatly expand the molecular biologists' toolkit.
HuR recruits let-7/RISC to repress c-Myc expression (2009)

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) are potent post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Here, we show that the RBP HuR reduced c-Myc expression by associating with the c-Myc 3' untranslated region (UTR) next to a miRNA let-7-binding site. Lowering HuR or let-7 levels relieved the translational repression of c-Myc. Unexpectedly, HuR and let-7 repressed c-Myc through an interdependent mechanism, as let-7 required HuR to reduce c-Myc expression and HuR required let-7 to inhibit c-Myc expression. Our findings suggest a regulatory paradigm wherein HuR inhibits c-Myc expression by recruiting let-7-loaded RISC (RNA miRNA-induced silencing complex) to the c-Myc 3'UTR.
The isolation of genes from the resurrection grass <i>Sporobolus stapfianus</i> which are induced during severe drought stress (2000)

ABSTRACT A modification of the ‘cold plaque’ screening technique (Hodge et al. , Plant Journal 1992, 2, 257–260) was used to screen a cDNA library constructed from drought‐stressed leaf tissue of the desiccation tolerant (‘resurrection’) grass Sporobolus stapfianus . This technique allowed a large number of clones representing genes expressed at low abundance to be isolated. An examination of expression profiles revealed that several of these genes are induced in desiccation‐tolerant tissue experiencing severe drought stress. Further characterization indicated that the gene products encoded include an eIF1 protein translation initiation factor and a glycine‐ and proline‐rich protein which have not previously been associated with drought stress. In addition, genes encoding a serine/threonine phosphatase type 2C, a tonoplast‐intrinsic protein (TIP) and an early light‐inducible protein (ELIP) were isolated. A number of these genes are expressed differentially in desiccation‐tolerant and desiccation‐sensitive tissues, suggesting that they may be associated with the desiccation tolerance response of S. stapfianus. The results indicate that there may be unique gene regulation processes occurring during induction of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants which allow different drought‐responsive genes to be selectively expressed at successive levels of water loss.
Expression of estrogen receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor in BPH (2000)

Objective:To study the expression of estrogen receptor(ER) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in BPH.Methods:30 cases of BPH and 8 cases of bladder neck fibrotic contraction were assaied the ER and VEGF in tissue of prostate with the Monoclonal-immunhistochemical.Results:The positive of ER was 86.67%(26/30),VEGF 40.00%(12/30),in the group of BPH;ER 62.5%(5/8),VEGF 25%(2/8)in the group of bladder neck fibrotic contraction;ER 87%,VEGF 53% in the type of Fibro-smooth adenoma.ER of the type fibro-smooth adenoma and fibro-smooth were significant higher than the group of bladder neck fibrotic contraction Conclusion:Level of estrogen was increased in the elder man,leading ER of prostatic tissue to increase strongening of it's action.The effective f ER finally results in BPH,because ER was not compatible with VEGF.The treatment and prognosis of BPH should be modulated dyssynergia of ratio of estrogen to Antrogen.
Obstacle detection and classification using deep learning for tracking in high-speed autonomous driving (2017)

On-road obstacle detection and classification is one of the key tasks in the perception system of self-driving vehicles. Since vehicle tracking involves localizationand association of vehicles between frames, detection and classification of vehicles is necessary. Vision-based approaches are popular for this task due to cost-effectiveness and usefulness of appearance information associated with the vision data. In this paper, a deep learning system using region-based convolutional neural network trained with PASCAL VOC image dataset is developed for the detection and classification of on-road obstacles such as vehicles, pedestrians and animals. The implementation of the system on a Titan X GPU achieves a processing frame rate of at least 10 fps for a VGA resolution image frame. This sufficiently high frame rate using a powerful GPU demonstrate the suitability of the system for highway driving of autonomous cars. The detection and classification results on images from KITTI and iRoads, and also Indian roads show the performance of the system invariant to object's shape and view, and different lighting and climatic conditions.
Participation of Two Members of the Very Long-chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase Family in Bile Acid Synthesis and Recycling (2002)

Bile acids are synthesized de novo in the liver from cholesterol and conjugated to glycine or taurine via a complex series of reactions involving multiple organelles. Bile acids secreted into the small intestine are efficiently reabsorbed and reutilized. Activation by thioesterification to CoA is required at two points in bile acid metabolism. First, 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoic acid, the 27-carbon precursor of cholic acid, must be activated to its CoA derivative before side chain cleavage via peroxisomal beta-oxidation. Second, reutilization of cholate and other C24 bile acids requires reactivation prior to re-conjugation. We reported previously that homolog 2 of very long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (VLCS) can activate cholate (Steinberg, S. J., Mihalik, S. J., Kim, D. G., Cuebas, D. A., and Watkins, P. A. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 15605-15608). We now show that this enzyme also activates chenodeoxycholate, the secondary bile acids deoxycholate and lithocholate, and 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoic acid. In contrast, VLCS activated 3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoate, but did not utilize any of the C24 bile acids as substrates. We hypothesize that the primary function of homolog 2 is in the reactivation and recycling of C24 bile acids, whereas VLCS participates in the de novo synthesis pathway. Results of in situ hybridization, topographic orientation, and inhibition studies are consistent with the proposed roles of these enzymes in bile acid metabolism.
Double-bond isomerizations in unsaturated esters and enol ethers. II. Evaluation of conjugative, steric, and polar effects of alkyl, alkoxy, and alkoxycarbonyl substituents on positional and configurational equilibria (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDouble-bond isomerizations in unsaturated esters and enol ethers. II. Evaluation of conjugative, steric, and polar effects of alkyl, alkoxy, and alkoxycarbonyl substituents on positional and configurational equilibriaSara J. Rhoads and Edward E. WaaliCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 10, 3358–3361Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00835a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00835a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design of a Source to Supply Ultra fast Electron and X Ray Pulses (2007)

In this paper we report the preliminary design and considerations on a multi-discipline ultra-fast source, which is capable of providing the user community with femtosecond electron bunch and light pulses with the wavelength ranging from IR to X-ray. The facility is based on photocathode RF gun driven by a Ti:Sapphire laser system. The low emittance subpicosecond electron bunch at the gun exit can be used in femtosecond electron diffraction setup to visualize the ultrafast structural dynamics. After acceleration and compression, the electron beam with the energy of 50 MeV is further used to provide high peak brightness X-ray by inverse Compton scattering with TW laser. We also consider the possibility and reliability of storing the electron beam in a compact storage ring and the laser pulse in a super-cavity Operating in this scheme may increase the average flux of the X-ray photons by orders of magnitude.
Intelligent Crawling in Virtual Worlds (2009)

We present an intelligent agent crawler designed to collect user-generated content in Second Life and related virtual worlds. The agents navigate autonomously through the world to discover regions, parcels of land within regions, user-created objects, and other users. The agents also interact with objects through movement or ‘touch’ to trigger scripts that present dynamic content in the form of note cards, chat text, landmark links, and web URLs. The experiments we performed are the first which focus on the content of a large virtual world. Our results show that virtual worlds can be effectively crawled using autonomous agent crawlers that emulate normal user behavior. Additionally, we find that the collection of interactive content enhances our ability to identify dynamic, immersive environments within the world.
Event-Based Extractive Summarization (2004)

Most approaches to extractive summarization define a set of features upon which selection of sentences is based, using algorithms independent of the features themselves. We propose a new set of features based on low-level, atomic events that describe relationships between important actors in a document or set of documents. We investigate the effect this new feature has on extractive summarization, compared with a baseline feature set consisting of the words in the input documents, and with state-of-the-art summarization systems. Our experimental results indicate that not only the event-based features offer an improvement in summary quality over words as features, but that this effect is more pronounced for more sophisticated summarization methods that avoid redundancy in the output.
Synthesis and Catalytic Application of Ag<sub>44</sub> Clusters Supported on Mesoporous Carbon (2015)

4-(Fluorophenyl)thiolate-protected Ag44 clusters (Ph4P)4[Ag44(SC6H4F)30] were calcined on mesoporous carbon (MPC) under vacuum at 300–500 °C for 2 h. X-ray absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermal-desorption mass spectrometry revealed that sulfur-free Ag44 clusters were successfully produced by the calcination of [Ag44(SC6H4F)30]4– at 300 °C, in sharp contrast to the formation of silver sulfide nanoparticles by the calcination of dodecanethiolate-protected Ag nanoparticles (3.0 ± 0.6 nm). Ag44/MPC was applied in the catalytic dehydrogenation of ammonia–borane (NH3BH3) as a test reaction. It turned out that the Ag44/MPC catalysts produced 1 equiv of H2 from NH3BH3 but only in the presence of O2 (turnover frequency 1.9 × 103 h–1 Ag atom–1). Given that nanoparticles of other metals (Pt, Pd, Rh, Ni, or Ru) produced 3 equiv of H2 under an inert atmosphere, this result indicates that the Ag44/MPC-catalyzed dehydrogenation of NH3BH3 proceeds by a different mechanism from that on other nanoparticles.
FT-GAN: Face Transformation with Key Points Alignment for Pose-Invariant Face Recognition (2019)

Face recognition has been comprehensively studied. However, face recognition in the wild still suffers from unconstrained face directions. Frontal face synthesis is a popular solution, but some facial features are missed after synthesis. This paper presents a novel method for pose-invariant face recognition. It is based on face transformation with key points alignment based on generative adversarial networks (FT-GAN). In this method, we introduce CycleGAN for pixel transformation to achieve coarse face transformation results, and these results are refined by key point alignment. In this way, frontal face synthesis is modeled as a two-task process. The results of comprehensive experiments show the effectiveness of FT-GAN.
<title>Effect of high-temperature treatment in different ambient on the properties of SnO2:F</title> (1993)

The influence of an additional high-temperature treatment of SnO<SUB>2</SUB> : F thin films prepared on silicon substrates is studied. The films are deposited by a spray pyrolytic technique at various substrate temperatures and deposition times. As-deposited SnO<SUB>2</SUB> : F thin films are further annealed at temperature of 1000 degree(s)C in oxygen environment for times of 15 to 90 min as well as by rapid thermal annealing in vacuum of 6, 7 X 10<SUP>-3</SUP> Pa for 1 min at the same annealing temperature. The changes of the film characteristics after the treatment are studied. Some peculiarities of the morphology film surface both on the deposition conditions and the various thermal treatment are investigated. Possible mechanisms explaining the obtained experimental results are discussed.
Optimization of the write algorithm at low-current (10&#x03BC;A) in Cu/Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>-based conductive-bridge RAM (2015)

In this paper we engineer the programming method at 10μA in Cu/Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -based CBRAM to reduce the bit dispersion and the state instability over time. Despite its large median value, the overall HRS/LRS ratio in these devices can be drastically reduced due to the LRS and HRS dispersion, especially in a low-current regime. For this reason, in this study we adopt a statistical approach, focusing on the tails of the cumulative distribution Function (CDF). Using different verify-based algorithms we force an initial tail-to-tail (1st percentile of CDF) resistive window, demonstrating that, in order to reduce the total programming time, a complete Write/Erase cycle must be performed at each verify step. We also prove that the stability of the programmed LRS/HRS states is affected by the programming pulse width (PW) used in the algorithm. Selecting the appropriate PW, no overlap of the LRS and HRS distributions is observed after 1 week at room temperature.
Identification of three additional members of rat protein kinase C family: gd‐, ϵ‐ and ξ‐subspecies (1987)

Three types of cDNA clone of the protein kinase C family termed delta, epsilon and zeta were newly identified by molecular cloning and sequence analysis. These members have a common structure that is closely related to, but clearly different from the other four known members of the family which have alpha-, beta I-, beta II- and gamma-sequences, although the zeta-cDNA available at present does not contain a complete reading frame for a protein kinase C molecule. The diverse heterogeneity of the enzyme seems to be an important factor in determining the mode of response of many tissues and cell types to a variety of external stimuli.
Arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using hamstring tendons: One‐incision technique with Endobutton (1996)

The one-incision surgical technique using autogenous hamstring tendons with Endobutton (Acufex Microsurgical Inc. Mansfield, MA) femoral end fixation for posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is described. This technique avoids a second incision on the femoral side, and is adaptable to various graft materials (autogenous or allogeneic bone-patellar tendon-bone, hamstring, or Achilles tendon.
Electroluminescent Devices: Extremely Stretchable Electroluminescent Devices with Ionic Conductors (Adv. Mater. 22/2016) (2016)

An extremely stretchable electroluminescent device is fabricated by P. S. Lee and co-workers, as described on page 4490. The stretchable alternating-current electroluminescent (ACEL) device possesses extremely high stretchability, and can be linearly stretched to 700% with the luminance being maintained at 70% of the initial value before stretching. The device can be repeatedly stretched to 400% with stable emission behavior. The presented device will provide new opportunities in stretchable lighting, volumetric 3D displays, interactive readout systems, and other unprecedented applications.
Dimethyl sulfoxide modulates NF-kappa B and cytokine activation in lipopolysaccharide-treated murine macrophages (1994)

Antioxidants are protective against septic shock in animal models. Recently, free radical scavengers have been found to inhibit the activation of the NF-kappa B protein in a number of cell lines. This transcriptional regulatory protein binds to the promoters of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and the macrophage inflammatory proteins. The current work examined lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-kappa B activation in the J774 macrophage-like cell line and primary peritoneal macrophages from lipopolysaccharide-responsive (C3HeB/Fej) and -nonresponsive (C3H/HeJ) murine strains. The DNA-binding activity of the NF-kappa B protein directly correlated with mRNA expression for the genes encoding the proinflammatory cytokines and the free radical scavenging enzyme, superoxide dismutase. Both the p50 and p65 NF-kappa B subunits were detected on gel supershift assays. Minimal NF-kappa B activity was observed following exposure of C3H/HeJ macrophages to lipopolysaccharide. The antioxidant dimethyl sulfoxide decreased the level of NF-kappa B activation in the J774 cells. This correlated with decreased expression of cytokine mRNAs and tumor necrosis factor bioactivity. These results suggest that modulation of NF-kappa B activation may provide a mechanism through which antioxidants protect against endotoxemia in murine models.
Claudins as diagnostic and prognostic markers in gynecological cancer. (2009)

Claudins are the main protein components of tight junctions (TJs) which function as selective barriers by controlling paracellular diffusion, maintain cellular polarity and play a role in signal transduction. The expression pattern of the 24 known members of the claudin family proved to be organ and tissue specific. The up- or downregulation of individual claudins has been described, especially during carcinogenesis. A significant increase of claudins-1 and -7 was detected in premalignant cervical lesions and invasive cancer compared with normal cervical epithelia. Claudins-3 and -4 were elevated in endometrial cancer. Claudin-1 overexpression characterized type II (seropapillary) endometrial carcinoma, while claudin-2 was elevated in type I (endometrioid) carcinoma. Claudins-3 and -4 were highly expressed in serous ovarian carcinoma. The expression data on claudins in different premalignant and malignant alterations suggest that these proteins might serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers and might be targets for future therapy.