gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cholera toxin mediated agglutination of ganglioside Gm1 containing phospholipid vesicles and Gm1-coated polystyrene spheres (1982)

Quasi-elastic laser light scattering is used to examine the cholera toxin mediated agglutination of ganglioside GM1 containing phospholipid vesicles and Gm1-coated polystyrene spheres. We find that the ability of cholera toxin to agglutinate Gm1-containing phospholipid vesicles depends markedly on the lipid composition of the vesicle, with only those composed of short-chain lipids (C14, C16) being appreciably agglutinated. This is interpreted as due to poor mixing of these lipids with the longer chain gangliosides, resulting in lateral separation of the gangliosides in the membrane bilayer. A simple quantitative model, a modification of that developed by von Schulthess et al. [von Schulthess, G. K., Cohen, R. J., Sakato, N., & Benedek, G. B. (1976a) Immunochemistry 13, 955--962], is developed to describe these agglutination processes. Application of this model to the agglutination of Gm1-coated polystyrene spheres by cholera toxin allows an estimate of a minimum value of 4.5 x 10(4) M-1 for the association constant of cholera toxin for its initial Gm1 receptor.
Randomised double blind trial of EMLA for the control of pain related to cryotherapy in the treatment of genital HPV lesions. (1998)

EMLA can provide efficacious topical anaesthesia before cryotherapy for the treatment of external genital HPV.
Inhibition of Adherence and Killing of <i>Candida albicans</i> with a 23-Mer Peptide (Fn/23) with Dual Antifungal Properties (2004)

Candida albicans adheres to host tissue and then proliferates in order to establish a commensal as well as a pathogenic state. Specific adherence to proteins is provided by several surface adhesins of Candida. Two well-studied proteins, Als1p and Als5p, do not require energy for adherence to occur (dead as well as living cells adhere) and have a multiplier effect of cell-cell aggregation that mediates the formation of microcolonies of Candida cells. The entire process is spontaneous, reversible, and stable for physiologically relevant chemical and physical forces. This adherence process is inhibited by the addition of free peptide ligands, including a 23-mer derived from fibronectin (Fn/23) that binds to the adhesins through H bond formation. Adherence was measured by determining the number of yeast cells that adhered to 90-microm-diameter polyethylene glycol (PEG) beads with a 7-mer peptide (KLRIPSV) synthesized on the surfaces of the beads. The concentration of the Fn/23 peptide that inhibited the adherence of cells to the peptide-coated beads by 50% was 4 to 5 microM, and the magnitudes of adherence were similar regardless of the presence or absence of physiologic salt concentrations. The minimum fungicidal concentration of Fn/23 was 2 to 4 microM in water, but there was no killing in physiologic salt concentrations. Peptides from the C and N termini or the center sequence of Fn/23 had no effect on inhibition of adherence and little effect on fungal viability. The fungicidal effect was similar to that seen with 23-, 19-, and 18-mer peptides derived from porcine myeloid cells, a Helicobacter pylori ribosomal protein, and a hybrid of cecropin and magainin, respectively. However, these fungicidal peptides did not inhibit C. albicans adherence to the peptide-coated PEG beads. This dual property of Fn/23, i.e., inhibition of adherence and killing of C. albicans, may provide important adjuvant effects in the treatment of disease caused by this fungus.
A soft 6-axis active vibration isolator (2005)

The paper presents analytical and experimental results with a 6-axis actively controlled vibration isolator. The isolator was designed to attenuate vibrations from reaction wheels, cryogenic coolers and other noisy machines located on board precision optical-class spacecraft. It consists of six active struts each of which includes an electromagnetic voice coil actuator in parallel with a soft spring. Six decoupled analog controllers were used to close broadband feedback loops around six force sensors and the isolator multi-axis transmissibility was measured with twelve accelerometers (six on the noisy side and six on the quite side). Experimental results show a ten-fold improvement in performance over passive isolation alone.
Active substrate coupling noise reduction methodfor ICs (1999)

An innovate active noise reduction method for mixed-signal design is presented. This active method which uses a negative feedback technique can reduce the substrate coupling noise by up to 83%. Test results from the MOSIS 1.2 µm CMOS process and SPICE simulation are reported.
MAdFraud (2014)

Many Android applications are distributed for free but are supported by advertisements. Ad libraries embedded in the app fetch content from the ad provider and display it on the app's user interface. The ad provider pays the developer for the ads displayed to the user and ads clicked by the user. A major threat to this ecosystem is ad fraud, where a miscreant's code fetches ads without displaying them to the user or "clicks" on ads automatically. Ad fraud has been extensively studied in the context of web advertising but has gone largely unstudied in the context of mobile advertising.
UltraSPARC-III: a 3rd generation 64 b SPARC microprocessor (2002)

UltraSPARC-III (US-III) is a 64 b 800 MHz 4-instruction-issue superscalar microprocessor for high-performance desktop workstation, work group server, and enterprise server platforms. On-chip caches include a 64 kB 4-way associative for data, 32 kB 4-way associative for instructions, a 2 k B 4-way associative data prefetch cache, and a 2 kB 4-way associative write. A 90 kB on-chip tag array supports the off-chip 8 MB unified second-level cache. The 23 M-transistor chip in a 0.15 /spl mu/m, 7-layer metal process consumes 60 W from a 1.5 V supply.
Double role of pyruvate kinase type M2 in the regulation of phosphometabolite pools (1998)

Proliferating nonnal cells and tumor cells typically express a particular isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase called type M 2-PK. This isoenzyme exists in two different forms: the so-called tumor M 2-PK, which is strongly overexpressed in tumor cells, and the lung M 2-PK, which is the predominant species found in lung. The tumor M 2-PK mainly appears in a trimeric or dimeric state and has a low affinity for its substrate phosphoenolpyruvate. The lung M 2-PK is always tetrameric and has a high affinity for phophoenolpyruvate. Using a temperature-sensitive mutant of pp60v-src kinase, we have investigated the influence of transfonnation on the amount of the two fonns of pyruvate kinase type M2 in different host cells. The appearance of the tumor M 2-PK is detectable 3 h and is maximal 12 h after onset of transfonnation and follows the activation of the pp60v-src tyrosine kinase. The tumor M 2-PK has a high level of specific phosphorylation in serine and tyrosine, whereas in lung M 2-PK phosphorylation can hardly be detected. From this and from in vitro phosphorylation experiments, we conclude that the phosphorylation of the tetrameric lung type of M 2-PK leads to a breakdown to the dimeric tumor M 2-PK. The appearance of the low PEP-affinity fonn of pyruvate kinase within 3 h after transfonnation correlates with an increase of the glycolytic phosphometabolite pools and of the synthetic products derived from them, e.g., P-ribose-PP. Some of these phosphometabolites, e.g., AMP and NADH, represent links between metabolism and cell proliferation.
DNA Double-strand Break Analysis by CHEF Electrophoresis (1990)

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) has become a powerful tool for the study of high-molecular-weight DNA. In this technical note the application of clamped homogeneous electrical field (CHEF) electrophoresis for the determination of DNA double-strand breaks is described, and a number of parameters that influence the sensitivity of the assay are discussed. They include the concentration of the cell sample, agarose concentration in the plug and the electrophoresis gel, lysis conditions, pulse time, electric field gradient and the temperature of electrophoresis.
Stereoselective Conjugate Reduction of (+)-(7aS)-5,6,7,7a-Tetrahydro-7a-Methyl-1,5-Indandione (1988)

Abstract The title compound has been reduced stereoselectively with DIBAH mediated by t-butylcopper to give trans hydr-1,5-in-dandione (2).
ChemInform Abstract: 2,5‐DILITHIATION OF N‐PROTECTED IMIDAZOLES. SYNTHESES OF 2,5‐DISUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES OF 1‐METHOXYMETHYL‐, 1‐TRIPHENYLMETHYL‐, AND 1‐(N,N‐DIMETHYLSULFONAMIDO)IMIDAZOLE (1984)

Abstract Untersucht und diskutiert wird die Anwendbarkeit von verschiedenen Schutzgruppen bei der Dilithiierung und der anschließenden elektrophilen Umsetzung der 2,5‐Dilithioderivate von N‐substituierten Imidazolen.
Seamless and Proactive End-to-End Mobility Solution for Roaming across Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (2004)

Abstract—Roaming across heterogeneous wireless networks such as wireless wide area network (WWAN) and wireless local area network (WLAN) poses considerable challenges, as it is usually difficult to maintain the existing connections and guarantee the necessary quality-of-service. This paper proposes a novel seamless and proactive end-to-end mobility management system, which can maintain the connections based on the end-to-end principle by incorporating an intelligent network status detection mechanism. The proposed system consists of two components, connection manager (CM) and virtual connectivity (VC). The CM, by using novel media access control-layer and physical-layer sensing techniques, can obtain accurate network condition, while at the same time reducing the unnecessary handoff and ping-pong effect. The VC can make mobility transparent to applications without additional network-layer infrastructure support using a local connection translation, and can handle mobility well in the network address translator and simultaneous movement cases using a subscription/notification service. The proposed system enjoys several unique advantages: 1) capable of reacting to roaming events proactively and accurately; 2) maintaining the connection’s continuity with small handoff delay; and 3) being a unified end-to-end approach for both IPv4 and IPv6 networks. We have built a prototype system and performed experiments to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed system. Index Terms—Mobility management, network condition detection, wireless wide area network (WWAN)/wireless local area network (WLAN) handoff. I.
Real‐time scatter estimation for medical CT using the deep scatter estimation: Method and robustness analysis with respect to different anatomies, dose levels, tube voltages, and data truncation (2018)

The DSE clearly outperforms conventional scatter estimation approaches in terms of accuracy. DSE is nearly as accurate as Monte Carlo simulations but is superior in terms of speed (≈10 ms/projection) by orders of magnitude.
Design of a motor speed controller for a lightweight electric vehicle (2003)

The design of a DC motor speed controller for application in a lightweight electric vehicle is discussed. The focus is on the design of the power electronics stage and the microcontroller-based digital control system to provide safe and reliable operation.
Chiral cyclic olefins. 1. Synthesis, resolution, and stereochemistry of 5-hydroxy-10-alkyl- .DELTA.1(9)-2-octalones (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChiral cyclic olefins. 1. Synthesis, resolution, and stereochemistry of 5-hydroxy-10-alkyl- .DELTA.1(9)-2-octalonesGeorge R. Newkome, L. C. Roach, and R. C. MontelaroCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 13, 2098–2101Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00978a009Request reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (541 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In vitro and in vivo kinetics of recombinant vaccinia virus cancer-gene therapy. (1994)

RecVV can infect tumor cells, causing the production of a large amount of foreign protein but are attenuated relative to wild type virus in the murine host.
Stress Relaxation and Fatigue of Two Electromechanical Spring Materials Strengthened by Thermomechanical Processing (1971)

The reliable performance of electrical contacts often depends on the dimensional stability of the spring material used to operate these contacts. The fatigue and stressrelaxation behavior of two copper-base alloys, Copper Development Association Alloys 510 (5 percent tin phosphor bronze) and 725 (89%Cu-9%Ni-2%Sn), strengthened by thermomechanical processing has been investigated. Strengthening mechanisms resulting from a combination of cold work and low temperature heat treatment have been taken advantage cf to produce electromechanical spring materials which have good conductivity and corrosion resistance, have sufficient ductility forpunching and forming, are dimensionally stable for long periods of time and also adequately resist fatigue stressing. Test data are presented which show the materials processed in this manner to have significant advantages over currently available, commercial tempers in that they permit designs having higher working stresses and better material utilization, thus filling a need created by miniaturization.
Phase I trial of high-dose tamoxifen as a modulator of drug resistance in combination with daunorubicin in patients with relapsed or refractory acute leukemia. (1995)

Tamoxifen and its main metabolite N-desmethyltamoxifen (NDMTmx) have been shown to increase intracellular daunorubicin (DNR) levels in human leukemia cell lines that display the multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype. We designed a phase I dose escalation study of Tmx (200-700 mg/day p.o. for 7 days) in combination with a fixed dose of DNR (50 mg/m2 intravenously on days 5, 6 and 7) in patients with advanced leukemia to determine whether this combination could be given safely and whether plasma levels of 10 microM, the effective in vitro MDR modulator concentration, could be achieved. Pharmacologic studies of Tmx, NDMTmx and DNR, and its main metabolite daunorubicin-ol (DNR-ol) were performed as was determination of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) using a monoclonal antibody that recognizes an external epitope of the molecule. A total of 14 patients (median age 50, range 22-67) were treated at the following dose levels: 200 mg/day: three patients; 400 mg/day: four patients; 550 mg/day: three patients; and 700 mg/day: four patients. Two patients with relapsed AML achieved remission. Toxicity of the combination was similar to that seen with DNR alone and no severe hepatic, cardiac or retinal toxicity was noted. Plasma Tmx levels approached 7 microM at the two highest dose levels studied; plasma levels of NDMTmx were slightly less. The area under the curve for DNR and its main metabolite daunorubicin-ol (DNR-ol) did not show significant changes with escalation of Tmx dose. This phase I study suggests that concentrations of Tmx high enough to reverse the MDR phenotype can be approached and that the combination of high-dose Tmx with a standard dose of DNR has an acceptable toxicity profile. More evaluation in phase II studies is necessary to define further its role as an MDR modulator.
Studies on the adjuvant effect of water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion of sesame oil. 2. Mode of action of the w/o/w emulsion. (1978)

The water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsion showed potent adjuvant effect on the antibody formation to thymus-dependent antigens, but not to thymus-independent antigens. In hapten-carrier system the priming with carrier in the w/o/w emulsion enhanced more effectively the carrier specific helper function than did the priming with carrier in free solution. The cells responsible for the helper function were radioresistant. In the adoptive cell transfer system, the w/o/w emulsion was shown to enhance helper cell function. It is discussed that our w/o/w emulsion exerts the adjuvant effect by enhancing helper T cell activity.
Virtual backup network for broadband network restoration (2002)

Survivability is one of the important issues in broadband networks, since even a single network element failure may cause a serious amount of data loss. There have been two main approaches for connection restoration: dynamic approach and backup approach. We discuss the trade-offs between the two approaches and propose a new restoration mechanism that centers around the concept of the virtual backup network, which provides backup path sharing as well as spare bandwidth sharing. The proposed mechanism can take advantage of the two existing approaches together with special interests in resource efficiency and routing flexibility.
Efficient gene transfer into rhesus repopulating hematopoietic stem cells using a simian immunodeficiency virus–based lentiviral vector system (2004)

High-titer, HIV-1-based lentiviral vector particles were found to transduce cytokine-mobilized rhesus macaque CD34(+) cells and clonogenic progenitors very poorly (< 1%), reflecting the postentry restriction in rhesus cells to HIV infection. To overcome this barrier, we developed a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-based vector system. A single exposure to a low concentration of amphotropic pseudotyped SIV vector particles encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) resulted in gene transfer into 68% +/- 1% of rhesus bulk CD34(+) cells and 75% +/- 1% of clonogenic progenitors. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of DNA from individual hematopoietic colonies confirmed these relative transduction efficiencies. To evaluate SIV vector-mediated stem cell gene transfer in vivo, 3 rhesus macaques underwent transplantation with transduced, autologous cytokine-mobilized peripheral blood CD34(+) cells following myeloablative conditioning. Hematopoietic reconstitution was rapid, and an average of 18% +/- 8% and 15% +/- 7% GFP-positive granulocytes and monocytes, respectively, were observed 4 to 6 months after transplantation, consistent with the average vector copy number of 0.19 +/- 0.05 in peripheral blood leukocytes as determined by real-time PCR. Vector insertion site analysis demonstrated polyclonal reconstitution with vector-containing cells. SIV vectors appear promising for evaluating gene therapy approaches in nonhuman primate models.
Studies on the crystal structure and arrangement of water in sitagliptin<scp>l</scp>-tartrate hydrates (2016)

The hydration/dehydration behavior of four distinct channel hydrates of sitagliptin L-tartrate (SLT) was investigated by thermoanalytical methods, dynamic vapour sorption analysis and variable humidity X-ray powder diffraction. The crystal structures were determined from single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data. A survey of the forms revealed that SLT hydrates exhibit both stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric features demonstrating that the characterization of channel hydrates can be challenging as their behavior is not inevitably unambiguous. Upon dehydration, the parent hydrates retain their structures, and the lattices do not collapse; isostructural dehydrates are formed. The solved crystal structures of the packing polymorphs SLT phase 1 and phase 2 provide an effective basis to rationalize the observed hydration/dehydration pathways. The structures are dominated by infinite sheets formed by hydrogen tartrate anions, linked by hydrogen bonds. These layers separate the parallel, infinite chains of water molecules. The water molecules stabilize the structures by providing additional hydrogen bonds between the cation and the anion. This interaction substantiates the high affinity of water molecules to the API framework and explains the stoichiometric characteristics observed by solid state analytical methods. On the other hand, their non-stoichiometric character is evidenced by the non-destructive dehydration processes.
Absorption of Phenolic Acids in Humans after Coffee Consumption (2002)

Despite extensive literature describing the biological effects of polyphenols, little is known about their absorption from diet, one major unresolved point consisting of the absorption of the bound forms of polyphenols. In this view, in the present work we studied the absorption in humans of phenolic acids from coffee, a common beverage particularly rich in bound phenolic acids, such as caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid. Coffee brew was analyzed for free and total (free + bound) phenolic acids. Chlorogenic acid (5'-caffeoylquinic acid), a bound form of caffeic acid, was present in coffee at high levels, while free phenolic acids were undetectable. After alkaline hydrolysis, which released bound phenolic acids, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and high levels of caffeic acid were detected. Plasma samples were collected before and 1 and 2 h after coffee administration and analyzed for free and total phenolic acid content. Two different procedures were applied to release bound phenolic acids in plasma: beta-glucuronidase treatment and alkaline hydrolysis. Coffee administration resulted in increased total plasma caffeic acid concentration, with an absorption peak at 1 h. Caffeic acid was the only phenolic acid found in plasma samples after coffee administration, while chlorogenic acid was undetectable. Most of caffeic acid was present in plasma in bound form, mainly in the glucuronate/sulfate forms. Due to the absence of free caffeic acid in coffee, plasma caffeic acid is likely to be derived from hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid in the gastrointestinal tract.
Signal Recognition Particle-dependent Targeting of Ribosomes to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum in the Absence and Presence of the Nascent Polypeptide-associated Complex (1998)

Proteins with RER-specific signal sequences are cotranslationally translocated across the rough endoplasmic reticulum through a proteinaceous channel composed of oligomers of the Sec61 complex. The Sec61 complex also binds ribosomes with high affinity. The dual function of the Sec61 complex necessitates a mechanism to prevent signal sequence-independent binding of ribosomes to the translocation channel. We have examined the hypothesis that the signal recognition particle (SRP) and the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC), respectively, act as positive and negative regulatory factors to mediate the signal sequence-specific attachment of the ribosome-nascent chain complex (RNC) to the translocation channel. Here, SRP-independent translocation of a nascent secretory polypeptide was shown to occur in the presence of endogenous wheat germ or rabbit reticulocyte NAC. Furthermore, SRP markedly enhanced RNC binding to the translocation channel irrespective of the presence of NAC. Binding of RNCs, but not SRP-RNCs, to the Sec61 complex is competitively inhibited by 80S ribosomes. Thus, the SRP-dependent targeting pathway provides a mechanism for delivery of RNCs to the translocation channel that is not inhibited by the nonselective interaction between the ribosome and the Sec61 complex.
Hypercalcaemia associated with calcipotriol (Dovonex) treatment. (1993)

In 1990 Benylin DM was reformulated as a single entity cough suppressant containing only dextro- methorphan, which is described as having no analgesic or addictive