gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution and Expression Analysis of mTERF Gene Family in Maize (2014)

Plant mitochondrial transcription termination factor (mTERF) genes comprise a large family with important roles in regulating organelle gene expression. In this study, a comprehensive database search yielded 31 potential mTERF genes in maize (Zea mays L.) and most of them were targeted to mitochondria or chloroplasts. Maize mTERF were divided into nine main groups based on phylogenetic analysis, and group IX represented the mitochondria and species-specific clade that diverged from other groups. Tandem and segmental duplication both contributed to the expansion of the mTERF gene family in the maize genome. Comprehensive expression analysis of these genes, using microarray data and RNA-seq data, revealed that these genes exhibit a variety of expression patterns. Environmental stimulus experiments revealed differential up or down-regulation expression of maize mTERF genes in seedlings exposed to light/dark, salts and plant hormones, respectively, suggesting various important roles of maize mTERF genes in light acclimation and stress-related responses. These results will be useful for elucidating the roles of mTERF genes in the growth, development and stress response of maize.
Multiwavelength Photoacoustic Imaging and Plasmon Resonance Coupling of Gold Nanoparticles for Selective Detection of Cancer (2009)

Gold nanoparticles targeting epidermal growth factor receptor via antibody conjugation undergo molecular specific aggregation when they bind to receptors on cell surfaces, leading to a red shift in their plasmon resonance frequency. Capitalizing on this effect, we demonstrate the efficacy of the molecular specific photoacoustic imaging technique using subcutaneous tumor-mimicking gelatin implants in ex-vivo mouse tissue. The results of our study suggest that highly selective and sensitive detection of cancer cells is possible using multiwavelength photoacoustic imaging and molecular specific gold nanoparticles.
Coordinated reduction of genes of oxidative metabolism in humans with insulin resistance and diabetes: Potential role of<i>PGC1</i>and<i>NRF1</i> (2003)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. In high-risk subjects, the earliest detectable abnormality is insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Impaired insulin-mediated signaling, gene expression, glycogen synthesis, and accumulation of intramyocellular triglycerides have all been linked with insulin resistance, but no specific defect responsible for insulin resistance and DM has been identified in humans. To identify genes potentially important in the pathogenesis of DM, we analyzed gene expression in skeletal muscle from healthy metabolically characterized nondiabetic (family history negative and positive for DM) and diabetic Mexican-American subjects. We demonstrate that insulin resistance and DM associate with reduced expression of multiple nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1)-dependent genes encoding key enzymes in oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial function. Although NRF-1 expression is decreased only in diabetic subjects, expression of both PPAR gamma coactivator 1-alpha and-beta (PGC1-alpha/PPARGC1 and PGC1-beta/PERC), coactivators of NRF-1 and PPAR gamma-dependent transcription, is decreased in both diabetic subjects and family history-positive nondiabetic subjects. Decreased PGC1 expression may be responsible for decreased expression of NRF-dependent genes, leading to the metabolic disturbances characteristic of insulin resistance and DM.
Effect of preventive treatment with botulinum toxin type A on acute headache medication usage in migraine patients (2003)

The results of this pooled analysis indicated a 57% reduction in acute headache medication use in the 8- to 12-week period following injection of BoNT-A. A reduction of this magnitude could represent substantial savings in the costs of acute medications. This could help to offset the total cost of treatment and suggests BoNT-A may be a cost-reasonable option for medication offsets alone especially in patients with chronic headache with higher acute medication use. Additional larger controlled efficacy and safety studies must be done to confirm these results since three of the four studies were preliminary research and of different study types. Further prospective studies of direct and indirect costs, including those for disability and lost productivity, are needed to evaluate the overall impact of BoNT-A therapy on the economic, societal, and individual burden of migraine headache.
Molecular Weight Distribution and (1→3)(1→4)‐β‐<scp>d</scp>‐Glucan Content of Consecutive Extracts of Various Oat and Barley Cultivars (1997)

ABSTRACT The content and molecular weight (MW) of β‐glucan in extracts from a selection of oat and barley cultivars were compared using flow‐injection analysis and high‐performance size‐exclusion chromatography. From 60 to 75% of the β‐glucan was extracted from oat and waxy barley by hot water (90°C) containing heat‐stable α‐amylase, whereas just 50–55% was extracted from nonwaxy barley. Consecutive extractions with hot water and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) extracted 65% (nonwaxy barley) or 75–80% (oat and waxy barley) of the total β‐glucan. An extraction with sodium hydroxide and sodium borohydride (NaOH/NaBH 4 ) increased the percentage of β‐glucan extracted to 86–100% but decreased the MW. The MW of β‐glucan in the oat cultivars selected was significantly higher than those in the barley cultivars. The β‐glucan extracted from the nonwaxy barley cultivars showed significantly higher peak MW than that from the waxy barley cultivars.
Windows Vista Inside Out (2007)

Explaining how to use the new features of Windows Vista, a comprehensive manual details hundreds of timesaving solutions, troubleshooting tips, and workarounds, covering the new features of Microsoft Windows Media Player and Microsoft Internet Explorer 7.
34—THE DETERMINATION OF METHYLENE BLUE (1947)

(1947). 34—THE DETERMINATION OF METHYLENE BLUE. Journal of the Textile Institute Transactions: Vol. 38, No. 12, pp. T408-T418.
Lidar‐Based Tree Recognition and Platform Localization in Orchards (2015)

We present an approach to tree recognition and localization in orchard environments for tree‐crop applications. The primary objective is to develop a pipeline for building detailed orchard maps and an algorithm to match subsequent lidar tree scans to the prior database, enabling correct data association for precision agricultural applications. Although global positioning systems (GPS) offer a simple solution, they are often unreliable in canopied environments due to satellite occlusion. The proposed method builds on the natural structure of the orchard. Lidar data are first segmented into individual trees using a hidden semi‐Markov model. Then a descriptor for representing the characteristics or appearance of each tree is introduced, allowing a hidden Markov model based matching method to associate new observations with an existing map of the orchard. The tree recognition method is evaluated on a 2.3 hectare section of an almond orchard in Victoria, Australia, over a period spanning 16 months, with a combined total of 17.5 scanned hectares and 26 kilometers of robot traversal. The results show an average matching performance of 86.8% and robustness both to segmentation errors and measurement noise. Near perfect recognition and localization (98.2%) was obtained for data sets taken one full year apart, where the seasonal variation of appearance is minimal.
Distributed Dynamic Resource Allocation for OFDMA Transmissions with Reuse Partitioning (2006)

In this paper, we consider the dynamic resource allocation problem for orthogonal frequency division multiple access being used in modern broadband wireless systems such as IEEE 802.16 (WiMax). The objective is to allocate the network resources in an efficient manner in order to maximize the system throughput while guaranteeing the minimum level of quality-of- service to all users under practical conditions such as intercell interference. In order to reduce the communication overhead and computational complexity, we propose a suboptimal two-step approach. Firstly, the radio network controller solves the large scaled network planning problem based on aggregated information about all users in the network. Given the network planning results, each base station solves the small scaled cell throughput maximization problem based on its full knowledge of all users within its cell. We demonstrate the improvements of our scheme using the IEEE 802.16 (WiMax) system as an example. We show that with our proposed dynamic allocation scheme, it is possible to achieve the significant throughput gain with less complexity and signaling overhead.
Differences in factors of health orientation of older women. (1996)

The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the factor structure of health orientation. A secondary purpose was to determine differences in the stability and lability of health orientation. The sample consisted of four women in their sixties and four women in their eighties. A replicated, single-subject design was used to assess short-term intraindividual change in health orientation. Participants completed the Health Orientation Scale questionnaire for 100 days, and P-technique factor analysis was used to determine the factor structure of health orientation. These health orientation factors were graphed over time to assess stability and change. Results indicate that health orientation is more complex for participants in their eighties than for those in their sixties; this may represent age-appropriate development. Health orientation factors were found to be more labile or statelike for women in their eighties. These findings may help health care providers understand differences in interest or adherence to health-seeking behavior in the elderly and improve age-appropriate health care for this population.
Modernized Intrusion Detection Using Enhanced Apriori Algorithm (2013)

Communication networks are essential and it will create many crucial issues today. Nowadays, we consider that the firewalls are the first line of defense but that policies cannot meet the particular requirements of needed process to achieve security. Most of the research has been done in this area but we are lagging to achieve security needs. Already many models such as ADAM, DHP, LERAD and ENTROPHY are proposed to resolve security problems but we need an efficient model to detect new types of various intrusions within the entire network. In this paper, we proposed to design a modernized intrusion detection system which consist of two methods such as anomaly and misuse detection. Both are integrated and also used to detect novel attacks. Our system proposed to discover temporal pattern of attacker behaviors, which is profiled using an algorithm EAA (Enhanced Apriori Algorithm). This is experimented with a simple interface to display the behaviors of attacks effectively.
Modeling auditory evoked brainstem responses to transient stimuli (2012)

A quantitative model is presented that describes the formation of auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) to tone pulses, clicks, and rising chirps as a function of stimulation level. The model computes the convolution of the instantaneous discharge rates using the "humanized" nonlinear auditory-nerve model of Zilany and Bruce [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122, 402-417 (2007)] and an empirically derived unitary response function which is assumed to reflect contributions from different cell populations within the auditory brainstem, recorded at a given pair of electrodes on the scalp. It is shown that the model accounts for the decrease of tone-pulse evoked wave-V latency with frequency but underestimates the level dependency of the tone-pulse as well as click-evoked latency values. Furthermore, the model correctly predicts the nonlinear wave-V amplitude behavior in response to the chirp stimulation both as a function of chirp sweeping rate and level. Overall, the results support the hypothesis that the pattern of ABR generation is strongly affected by the nonlinear and dispersive processes in the cochlea.
An 18 ns 56-bit multiply-adder circuit (1990)

A multiply-adder that achieves a 56-b X*X+Z function with cycle time of 18 ns in a 1- mu m CMOS technology is discussed. The organization requires only two pipeline stages, ensuring quick recovery from branch instructions. The design is for the fraction part of a 64-b multiply-adder and is itself 56 b wide at input and output. To achieve high performance and reasonable density, it uses Booth encoding and a Wallace tree array. Data are captured at the input latches and routed immediately to the Booth encoders, which, in addition to encoding the X input, also provide driven Y and Y-bar signals for the array. The Z input is also captured and routed to the Z shifter. Encoded X, Y-bar, and Z and shifted Z signals are all routed to the partial product array. Booth encoding for 56 b produces 29 partial products; the Z input raises the number of terms to be added to 30. The partial product array reduces this to three, at which point a second latch captures the reduced result. After the latch, the three terms are reduced to two in a full adder, and the resulting two terms added and renormalized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Accurate <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> NMR images (1983)

We present a method for producing accurate calculated T2 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images. A modified Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequence is used to obtain a series of images with progressive T2 dependence. This image series is then analyzed pixel by pixel to generate a T2 and initial signal strength image. Tests performed using four samples of known T2 indicate accuracies of better than 9%.
[Effect of yifei jianpi recipe on inflammatory cells, levels of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in sputum from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. (2005)

YFJPR can play a therapeutic role on patients with COPD by way of reducing the airway inflammatory reaction.
Expression profiling predicts outcome in breast cancer (2002)

Gruvberger et al. postulate, in their commentary published\nin this issue of Breast Cancer Research, that our\n“prognostic gene set may not be broadly applicable to\nother breast tumor cohorts”, and they suggest that “it may\nbe important to define prognostic expression profiles separately\nin estrogen receptor (ER) positive and negative\ntumors”. This is based on two observations derived from\nour gene expression profiling data in breast cancer: the\noverlap between reporter genes for prognosis and ER\nstatus, and Gruvberger et al.’s inability to confirm the\nprognosis prediction using a nonoptimal selection of 58 of\nour 231 prognosis reporter genes.
Modelling Techniques for Post-tensioned Concrete Slab Bridges (2017)

Post-tensioned concrete slab bridges are a common bridge type for short spans.In such a bridge, there are three-dimensional effects in the bridge slab, partly because of a slabs ability to distribute load in both the longitudinal and the transverse direction and partly because the prestressing induces stresses in both directions of the slab.When such bridge is to be designed, these effects need to be described correctly using numerical models.The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the prestressing on the structural behavior in the bridge slab, and how different modelling techniques describe the behavior.Further, since the post-tensioning tendons are placed in the longitudinal direction only and therefore cannot prevent cracking in the transverse direction, the behavior of the bridge slab due to cracking has been investigated.In this project, the FE software SAP2000 has been used, where mainly two types of FE models have been analyzed: a beam grillage model and a shell model.Moment distributions in the slab in these models have been compared to investigate how they describe the behavior of the slab caused by the prestressing load.Further, the response due to cracking has been investigated in the shell model by modifying the Poisson's ratio and the transverse stiffness of the slab.The produced results have shown that the Poisson's ratio had great influence on the transverse moment distribution in the shell model.Since the beam grillage model, for natural reasons, cannot describe transverse contraction, the results from the shell model and beam grillage model were different when the Poisson's ratio in the shell model was set to 0.2, which correspond to uncracked concrete.However, when the Poisson's ratio was set to zero, the results from the models were similar.Reducing the transverse stiffness, due to cracking, had little influence on the moment distribution in the bridge slab.A requirement in Eurocode turned out to be problematic for this type of post-tensioned bridge.The requirement concerns stresses in the concrete around the prestressing tendons and a clarification of how the requirement should be interpreted is needed.
Investigating the Security Threats on Networked Medical Devices (2020)

This paper explores the cyber security threat of Implanted Medical Devices. The widely use of Internet of Thing capable devices in healthcare like pacemakers, infusion pumps, and insulin pumps support patients, at the same time they are considered a point of security threats. All of these devices are susceptible to hacking and exploitation, which has been demonstrated at various cyber security conventions for nearly the past decade. Although some progress in security measures seems to have been made, recent discoveries and interviews with researchers show a battle is still being fought with some manufacturers. Through pressure applied by some of these researchers, The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has taken notice and issued safety warnings for some of these devices. We will begin by defining what these devices are and explore why people need them. Next, we will briefly give a history of the Internet of Things, explore prior security issues, and then introduce the security researchers and groups involved with finding the exploits of healthcare devices.
Antibody to aquaporin-4 in the long-term course of neuromyelitis optica (2008)

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe inflammatory CNS disorder of putative autoimmune aetiology, which predominantly affects the spinal cord and optic nerves. Recently, a highly specific serum reactivity to CNS microvessels, subpia and Virchow-Robin spaces was described in patients with NMO [called NMO-IgG (NMO-immunoglobulin G)]. Subsequently, aquaporin-4 (AQP4), the most abundant water channel in the CNS, was identified as its target antigen. Strong support for a pathogenic role of the antibody would come from studies demonstrating a correlation between AQP4-Ab (AQP4-antibody) titres and the clinical course of disease. In this study, we determined AQP4-Ab serum levels in 96 samples from eight NMO-IgG positive patients (median follow-up 62 months) in a newly developed fluorescence-based immunoprecipitation assay employing recombinant human AQP4. We found that AQP4-Ab serum levels correlate with clinical disease activity, with relapses being preceded by an up to 3-fold increase in AQP4-Ab titres, which was not paralleled by a rise in other serum autoantibodies in one patient. Moreover, AQP4-Ab titres were found to correlate with CD19 cell counts during therapy with rituximab. Treatment with immunosuppressants such as rituximab, azathioprine and cyclophosphamide resulted in a marked reduction in antibody levels and relapse rates. Our results demonstrate a strong relationship between AQP4-Abs and clinical state, and support the hypothesis that these antibodies are involved in the pathogenesis of NMO.
An evolutional optimization algorithm to provide individual illuminance in workplaces (2009)

We are doing research and development of an intelligent lighting system to provide individual illuminance in workspace. In the intelligent lighting system, the algorithm which controls lighting fixtures is important. In this research, we examine how to grasp the factor of influence on illuminance sensors for lighting, and we propose a lighting control algorithm which estimates precisely the factor of influence on illuminance sensors for lighting by using the regression analysis. We show the effectiveness of such an algorithm. We show also the effectiveness of the algorithm in an actual workspace.
Moving towards goal-based safety management (2011)

In virtually all safety-critical industries the operators of systems have to demonstrate a systematic and thorough consideration of safety. This is generally done through the application of safety standards as part of the development of safety critical systems.

Many safety assurance standards (like EN50126 (1999), IEC 61508 (1995), DEF (Aust) 5679) (1998) are very prescriptive. They require specific techniques, approaches or measures to be applied to achieve the safety objective without allowing the users to select a suite of techniques and measures best suited for their application and development environment. The application of prescriptive techniques can work well for some systems but can be a hindrance for emerging technologies.

There has therefore been an increasing trend in many industries to demonstrate safety by assuring certain goals have been achieved, rather than simply following prescriptive standards.

Goal-based safety standards are now a reality and applied in the medical industry and defence. This paper will describe the pros and cons of prescriptive and goal-based standards, and make recommendations for the evolution of future safety standards.
RIG-like Helicase Regulation of Chitinase 3-like 1 Axis and Pulmonary Metastasis (2016)

Chi3l1 is induced by a variety of cancers where it portends a poor prognosis and plays a key role in the generation of metastasis. However, the mechanisms that Chi3l1 uses to mediate these responses and the pathways that control Chi3l1-induced tumor responses are poorly understood. We characterized the mechanisms that Chi3l1 uses to foster tumor progression and the ability of the RIG-like helicase (RLH) innate immune response to control Chi3l1 elaboration and pulmonary metastasis. Here we demonstrate that RLH activation inhibits tumor induction of Chi3l1 and the expression of receptor IL-13Rα2 and pulmonary metastasis while restoring NK cell accumulation and activation, augmenting the expression of IFN-α/β, chemerin and its receptor ChemR23, p-cofilin, LIMK2 and PTEN and inhibiting BRAF and NLRX1 in a MAVS-dependent manner. These studies demonstrate that Chi3l1 is a multifaceted immune stimulator of tumor progression and metastasis whose elaboration and tissue effects are abrogated by RLH innate immune responses.
A randomized pilot study of optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy in sinus rhythm patients using a peak endocardial acceleration sensor vs. standard methods (2012)

PEA-based optimization of CRT in HF patients significantly increased the proportion of patients who improved with therapy, mainly through improved NYHA class, after 1 year of follow-up.
Clinical phenotype and molecular analysis of a three‐generation family with an interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 (1992)

We report on a 3-generation family with an interstitial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5. Varied manifestations were found among the affected individuals including microcephaly, hypertonia, and micrognathia; mental retardation was common to all affected individuals. High resolution chromosome analysis was interpreted as del(5) (pter- > p14.3::p13.3- > qter). Molecular comparison of the deletion in this family with individuals with other 5p deletions suggests that the clinical findings are due specifically to the chromosomal material deleted from 5p13.