gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regression stage senile plaques in the natural course of Alzheimer’s disease (2006)

Resolution process of cerebroparenchymal amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) deposition has become of increasing interest in the light of recent advance in the Abeta-vaccination therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the neuropathological features of degraded and disappearing senile plaque remain poorly characterized, especially in the natural course of the disease. To clarify the natural removal processes of Abeta burden in the brain with AD, we devised a triple-step staining method: Bodian for dystrophic neurites, anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein for astrocytes, and anti-Abeta. We thus examined 24 autopsied AD brains. A novel form of senile plaques, termed 'remnant plaques', was identified. Remnant plaques were characterized by mesh-like astroglial fibrils within the entire plaque part, Abeta deposit debris exhibiting weak Abeta immunoreactivity, and only a few slender dystrophic neurites. In remnant plaques, amyloid burden was apparently decreased. The density of remnant plaques increased significantly with disease duration. Dual-labelling immunohistochemistry revealed many Abeta-immunoreactive granules in astrocytes and a modest number in microglia, both of which accumulated in senile plaques. We consider amyloid deposits of diffuse and neuritic plaques to be shredded by astrocytic processes from the marginal zone of plaques, and to gradually disintegrate into smaller compartments. Cerebroparenchymal Abeta deposits undergo degradation. After a long-standing resolution process, diffuse and neuritic plaques may finally proceed to remnant plaques. Astrocytes are actively engaged in the natural Abeta clearance mechanism in advanced stage AD brains, which may provide clues for developing new therapeutic strategies for AD.
Advanced spot quality analysis in two-colour microarray experiments (2008)

Careful control of spot quality characteristics with advanced spot quality evaluation can significantly increase the amount of confident and accurate data resulting in more meaningful biological conclusions.
An update on smart biocatalysts for industrial and biomedical applications (2018)

Recently, smart biocatalysts, where enzymes are conjugated to stimuli-responsive (smart) polymers, have gained significant attention. Based on the presence or absence of external stimuli, the polymer attached to the enzyme changes its conformation to protect the enzyme from the external environment and regulate the enzyme activity, thus acting as a molecular switch. Owing to this behaviour, smart biocatalysts can be separated easily from a reaction mixture and re-used several times. Several such smart polymer-based biocatalysts have been developed for industrial and biomedical applications. In addition, they have been used in biosensors, biometrics and nano-electronic devices. This review article covers recent advances in developing different kinds of stimuli-responsive enzyme bioconjugates, including conjugation strategies, and their applications.
The Value of Everything: Ranking and Association with Encyclopedic Knowledge (2009)

This dissertation describes WikiRank, an unsupervised method of assigning relative values to elements of a broad coverage encyclopedic information source in order to identify those entries that may be relevant to a given piece of text. The valuation given to an entry is based not on textual similarity but instead on the links that associate entries, and an estimation of the expected frequency of visitation that would be given to each entry based on those associations in context. This estimation of relative frequency of visitation is embodied in modifications to the random walk interpretation of the PageRank algorithm. WikiRank is an effective algorithm to support natural language processing applications. It is shown to exceed the performance of previous machine learning algorithms for the task of automatic topic identification, providing results comparable to that of human annotators. Second, WikiRank is found useful for the task of recognizing text-based paraphrases on a semantic level, by comparing the distribution of attention generated by two pieces of text using the encyclopedic resource as a common reference. Finally, WikiRank is shown to have the ability to use its base of encyclopedic knowledge to recognize terms from different ontologies as describing the same thing, and thus allowing for the automatic generation of mapping links between ontologies. The conclusion of this thesis is that the "knowledge access heuristic" is valuable and that a ranking process based on a large encyclopedic resource can form the basis for an extendable general purpose mechanism capable of identifying relevant concepts by association, which in turn can be effectively utilized for enumeration and comparison at a semantic level.
A high-efficiency 50 GHz InGaAs multimode waveguide photodetector (1992)

A side-illuminated p-i-n photodetector with a multimode waveguide structure is proposed. Numerical and experimental results show that higher-order mode lights greatly enhance the coupling efficiency between the waveguide photodetector (WGPD) and a fiber, which leads to a high external quantum efficiency. The multimode WGPD has the major advantage that the external quantum efficiency and bandwidth can be derived independently of each other because the multimode waveguide structure can be designed without deteriorating electrical properties. The fabricated WGPD has an external quantum efficiency of 56% without AR coating and 68% with AR coating, and an electrical frequency 3 dB greater than 50 GHz at a 1.55- mu m wavelength.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tissue plasminogen activator reduces brain injury in a rabbit model of thromboembolic stroke. (1990)

Tissue plasminogen activator is an endogenous fibrin-specific serine protease with potent thrombolytic activity. We investigated the efficacy of tissue plasminogen activator in reducing cerebral infarct size after thromboembolic stroke in a rabbit model. Seventeen rabbits were randomized to receive either tissue plasminogen activator (2.5 mg/kg, n = 6) or vehicle control (n = 11). We controlled mean arterial pressure, hematocrit, and arterial blood gases before and after the intracarotid embolization of an autologous clot. Cerebral blood flow (cm3/100 g/min) (mean +/- SEM) was immediately reduced from 55.2 +/- 7.7 to 8.5 +/- 2.5 in the control group and from 61.8 +/- 14.8 to 10.0 +/- 3.5 in the treated group after embolization. Cerebral blood flow recovered significantly within 60 minutes of thrombolytic therapy and attained a value of 59.6 +/- 10.0 cm3/100 g/min 4 hours after embolization, whereas cerebral blood flow in control animals demonstrated only a minimal recovery to 15.3 +/- 8.9 cm3/100 g/min. Cerebral infarct size (percent of hemisphere) was reduced from 34.4 +/- 5.6% in control animals to 8.8 +/- 5.6% in treated animals (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.01). These results suggest that tissue plasminogen activator may be efficacious in restoring cerebral blood flow and thus limiting infarct size in acute thromboembolic stroke.
Synthesis and biological activities of N-acetylglucosaminyl-.BETA.(1.RAR.4)-N-acetylmuramyl tri- and tetrapeptide derivatives. (1986)

The acylated, amidated and esterified derivatives of N-acetylglucosaminyl-β(1→4)-N-acetylmuramyl tri- and tetrapeptide were synthesized and examined as to their protective effect on pseudomonal infection in the mouse and pyrogenicity in the rabbit. Modifications of the terminal end function of the peptide moieties in their molecules caused enhancement of resistance to pseudomonal infection and reduction of pyrogenicity. Among the compounds tested, sodium N-acetylglucosaminyl-β(1→4)-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-(L)-stearoyl-(D)-meso-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid-(D)-amide and sodium N-acetylglucosaminyl-β(1→4)-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutaminyl-(L)-stearoyl-(D)-meso-2, 6-diaminopimelic acid-(o)-amide-(L)-Dalanine were found to be advantageous and conceivably worthwhile for further investigation as immunobiologically active compounds.
The IBM Speaker Recognition System: Recent Advances and Error Analysis (2016)

We present the recent advances along with an error analysis of the IBM speaker recognition system for conversational speech. Some of the key advancements that contribute to our system include: a nearest-neighbor discriminant analysis (NDA) approach (as opposed to LDA) for intersession variability compensation in the i-vector space, the application of speaker and channel-adapted features derived from an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system for speaker recognition, and the use of a DNN acoustic model with a very large number of output units (~10k senones) to compute the frame-level soft alignments required in the i-vector estimation process. We evaluate these techniques on the NIST 2010 SRE extended core conditions (C1-C9), as well as the 10sec-10sec condition. To our knowledge, results achieved by our system represent the best performances published to date on these conditions. For example, on the extended tel-tel condition (C5) the system achieves an EER of 0.59%. To garner further understanding of the remaining errors (on C5), we examine the recordings associated with the low scoring target trials, where various issues are identified for the problematic recordings/trials. Interestingly, it is observed that correcting the pathological recordings not only improves the scores for the target trials but also for the nontarget trials.
Can SNPs Deliver on Susceptibility Genes? (2001)

Minor differences in people9s DNA ought to predict their risk of complex diseases that are not caused by a defect in a single gene but rather arise from the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors. Is research on these so-called single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), locations along the chromosomes where a single base varies among different people, living up to its promise? Although the premise of SNP mapping is simple, the reality is that the search for susceptibility genes is still painstakingly slow.
Selective down-regulation of tyrosinase family gene TYRP1 by inhibition of the activity of melanocyte transcription factor, MITF (2002)

Tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TYRP1/gp75) and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT/TYRP2) belong to a family of melanocyte-specific gene products involved in melanin pigmentation. During melanocyte development expression of tyrosinase family genes is thought to be orchestrated in part by the binding of a shared basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor MITF to the M box, a regulatory element conserved among these genes. In transformed melanocytes, expression of tyrosinase and TYRPs is highly variable. Whereas TYR expression in melanoma cells is regulated by both transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms, TYRP1/gp75 transcription is often completely extinguished during melanoma tumor progression. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of selective repression of TYRP1 transcription. Interestingly, in early stage melanoma cells TYRP1 mRNA could be induced by inhibition of protein synthesis. Transient transfection experiments with a minimal TYRP1 promoter showed that the promoter activity correlates with expression of the endogenous TYRP1 gene. Nucleotide deletion analysis revealed novel regulatory sequences that attenuate the M box-dependent MITF activity, but which are not involved in the repression of TYRP1. Gel mobility shift analysis showed that binding of the transcription factor MITF to the TYRP1 M box is selectively inhibited in TYRP1(-) cells. These data suggest that protein factors that modulate the activity of MITF in melanoma cells repress TYRP1 and presumably other MITF target genes.
SMPTE Tutorial Paper: Static Electricity: An Introduction to the Problems and Their Solutions in the Film and Television Industries (1986)

This article discusses the how and why of static electricity, and some of the problems it causes for the film and television industries. The roles of static eliminators, ionized air blowers, and anti-static solutions are discussed, among other solutions. The aim of the article is to increase understanding of the basic nature of static, with particular reference to its effect on dust contamination, and to provide simple solutions leading to improved quality, reduced waste, improvements in operator satisfaction, and generally increased profitability.
Preoperative evaluation and surgical treatment for tricuspid regurgitation associated with acquired valvular heart disease. The Kay-Boyd method vs the Carpentier-Edwards ring method. (1991)

This study compared the results of annuloplastic repair of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) using Doppler echocardiography. Sixty-three patients who underwent tricuspid annuloplasty were studied. Thirty-four patients received Kay-Boyd annuloplasty and 29 Carpentier-Edwards ring annuloplasty. A new classification of TR based on the direction and area of regurgitation flow on Doppler echocardiogram was applied preoperatively. In the Kay-Boyd group, 10 cases showed massive TR and 24 cases showed localized TR preoperatively. Localized TR was well controlled in all cases, but 8 of 9 cases of massive TR showed grade III residual TR. In the C-E group, 21 cases showed massive TR and 8 cases showed localized TR. All cases were well controlled postoperatively. We conclude that (1) although the Kay-Boyd method is acceptable for localized TR, the C-E method should be employed for massive TR; (2) analyzing the regurgitant pattern of TR by Doppler echocardiogram is useful in selecting an appropriate surgical technique.
An SDVRP Platform Verification Method for Microprocessor-Based Systems Software (2012)

The correctness of embedded systems software is of critical importance as invalid states can cause a physical damage to hardware. One of approaches to verification of such systems is using source code analyzers. The Static Driver Verifier Research Platform (SDVRP), which is based on Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) and represents a tool that systematically analyzes source code and allows writing custom Specification Language for Interface Checking (SLIC) rules for various platforms, provided a potent verification mechanism for a thermal printer software system based on ARM Cortex-M0 microprocessor. An example of creating a custom platform plugin and rule verification is provided for the given embedded system.
Anti-jamming broadcast communication using uncoordinated spread spectrum techniques (2010)

Jamming-resistant communication is crucial for safety-critical applications such as emergency alert broadcasts or the dissemination of navigation signals in adversarial settings. In such applications, mission-critical messages are broadcast to a large and unknown number of (potentially untrusted) receivers that rely on the availability, integrity, and authenticity of the messages; here, availability primarily refers to the ability to communicate in the presence of jamming. Common techniques to counter jamming-based denial-of-service attacks such as Frequency Hopping (FH) and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) cannot be applied in such settings because they depend on secret pairwise or group keys shared between the sender and the receivers before the communication. This dependency entails serious or unsolvable scalability and keysetup problems or weak jamming-resistance (a single malicious receiver can compromise the whole system). As a solution, in this work, we propose uncoordinated spread spectrum techniques that enable anti-jamming broadcast communication without shared secrets. Uncoordinated spread spectrum techniques can handle an unlimited amount of (malicious) receivers. We present two instances (Uncoordinated FH and Uncoordinated DSSS) and analyze differences in their performance as well as their combination. We further discuss the applications of these techniques to anti-jamming navigation broadcast, bootstrapping of coordinated spread spectrum communication, and anti-jamming emergency alerts.
Bone marrow hypoplasia induced by administration of estradiol benzoate in male beagle dogs. (1985)

Six male beagle dogs were administered estradiol benzoate (E2) for 30 days at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg every day or 0.3 mg/kg every 3rd day and changes in hematology, bone marrow cells and the blood coagulation were investigated. Bleeding tendencies with severe thrombocytopenia occurred 15 or 18 days after the first E2 injection. Three of 6 dogs died of the intra-thoracic hemorrhage on days 21, 33 and 45 respectively. White blood cells first increased to 4-10×104/mm3 on days 15-21, then decreased thereafter. Red blood cells first decreased and then slowly increased after days 21-27. Platelets increased transiently soon after the E2 administration, but then decreased rapidly and were below 3000/mm3 on day 15. After day 24, platelets again increased. By the bone marrow examinations, myeloid cells increased and erythroid cells decreased considerably on days 15-18. After day 24, myeloid cells decreased and erythroid cells increased and the total number of marrow cells decreased at the end of the experiment. There were no abnormal findings in the coagulation examinations in all the dogs.
Neuronal-glial networks as substrate for CNS integration (2006)

Astrocytes have been considered, for a long time, as the support and house-keeping cells of the nervous system. Indeed, the astrocytes play very important metabolic roles in the brain, but the catalogue of nervous system functions or activities that involve directly glial participation has extended dramatically in the last decade. In addition to the further refining of the signalling capacity of the neuroglial networks and the detailed reassessment of the interactions between glia and vascular bed in the brain, one of the important salient features of the increased glioscience activity in the last few years was the morphological and functional demonstration that protoplasmic astrocytes occupy well defined spatial territories, with only limited areas of morphological overlapping, but still able to communicate with adjacent neighbours through intercellular junctions. All these features form the basis for a possible reassessment of the nature of integration of activity in the central nervous system that could raise glia to a role of central integrator.
Acquisition of iron from transferrin regulates reticulocyte heme synthesis. (1985)

Fe-salicylaldehyde isonicotinoylhydrazone (SIH), which can donate iron to reticulocytes without transferrin as a mediator, has been utilized to test the hypothesis that the rate of iron uptake from transferrin limits the rate of heme synthesis in erythroid cells. Reticulocytes take up 59Fe from [59Fe]SIH and incorporate it into heme to a much greater extent than from saturating concentrations of [59Fe]transferrin. Also, Fe-SIH stimulates [2-14C]glycine into heme when compared to the incorporation observed with saturating levels of Fe-transferrin. In addition, delta-aminolevulinic acid does not stimulate 59Fe incorporation into heme from either [59Fe]transferrin or [59Fe]SIH but does reverse the inhibition of 59Fe incorporation into heme caused by isoniazid, an inhibitor of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase. Taken together, these results suggest the hypothesis that some step(s) in the pathway of iron from extracellular transferrin to intracellular protoporphyrin limits the overall rate of heme synthesis in reticulocytes.
AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCY EMISSION AND NOISE DIAGNOSIS OF COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT ON APPROACH (2008)

Simple noise level monitoring systems, which are currently used around airports to create a noise map in residential areas, are unable to identify source frequencies and their impact on the environment. This article presents dominant frequencies during aircraft approaches of the SaintExupery Lyon International Airport (France), and analyzes the evidence of impact on the environment. The main objective is the characterization of the most dominant frequencies emitted during approach operations, and the diagnosis of frequencies having a negative impact on populations living around the airport. A detailed analysis of signal processing concerns for measuring aircraft flyover noise is presented. A study of the emission angle has been completed and a classification period depending on the noise level has been achieved. Development of a deDopplerization scheme for both corrected time history and spectral data is discussed along with an analysis of motion effects on measured spectra. It is shown that correcting for Doppler amplitude and frequency can give some idea about source directivity. The obtained results provide additional information placing the results of theoretical models in their context, and will help validate and extend certain methods of calculating the propagation of aircraft noise. They have the potential to quantify environmental quality around the airports. The precise measured frequencies during the operations can be treated by passive or active control systems developed by aircraft manufacturers.
Electric field control and effect of Pd capping on magnetocrystalline anisotropy in FePd thin films: A first-principles study (2014)

Using ab initio electronic structure calculations, we have investigated the effect of an electric field and of a heavy-metal cap of Pd on the magnetocrystalline anisotropy (MCA) of FePd ultrathin film. Analysis of the energy- and $k$-resolved distribution of the orbital character of the minority-spin band reveals that the perpendicular MCA of the uncapped film mainly arises from the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) between unoccupied Fe ${d}_{xy}$ and occupied Fe ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ states. On the other hand, the SOC between the Pd- and Fe-derived $d$ states yields negative contributions to the MCA. We find that the sensitivity of the surface anisotropy energy to the applied electric field is 18 fJ/(Vm) and is due to changes in the occupation of the surface Fe atoms ${d}_{{x}^{2}\ensuremath{-}{y}^{2}}$ and (${d}_{xz},{d}_{yz}$) orbitals. We demonstrate that the thickness of the Pd cap has a dramatic effect on the MCA and can even switch the magnetization from out-of- to in-plane orientation. The underlying origin is the change of the position and orbital character of the spin-polarized quantum well states induced in the Pd cap by varying its thickness. These results have important implications for exploiting heavy metals with large spin-orbit coupling (Ru, Pd, Ta, Pt, or Au) as contacts with ferromagnetic thin films to tailor the magnetic switching of spintronic devices by tuning the cap thickness.
Control of cell division in<i>Escherichia coli</i>. DNA sequence of<i>dicA</i>and of a second gene complementing mutation<i>dicA1</i>,<i>dicC</i> (1986)

A mutation in a gene dicA of Escherichia coli leads to temperature-sensitive cell division, by allowing expression of a nearby division inhibition gene dicB (1). We have now established the sequence of the DicA region and identified DicA as a 15.5 KD protein. A second gene dicC transcribed divergently from dicA and coding for an 8.5 KD protein can also complement mutation dicA1 when provided on a multicopy plasmid.