gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of concurrency control using locking with deferred blocking (1993)

The concurrency control (CC) method employed can be critical to the performance of transaction processing systems. Conventional locking suffers from the blocking phenomenon, where waiting transactions continue to hold locks and block other transactions from progressing. In a high data contention environment, as an increasing number of transactions wait, a larger number of lock requests get blocked and fewer lock requests can get through. The proposed scheme reduces the blocking probability by deferring the blocking behavior of transactions to the later stages of their execution. By properly balancing the blocking and abort effects, the proposed scheme can lead to better performance than either the conventional locking or the optimistic concurrency control (OCC) schemes at all data and resource contention levels. We consider both static and dynamic approaches to determine when to switch from the nonblocking phase to the blocking phase. An analytical model is developed to estimate the performance of this scheme and determine the optimal operating or switching point. The accuracy of the analytic model is validated through a detailed simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anomeric Reactivity-Based One-Pot Synthesis of Heparin-Like Oligosaccharides (2007)

A highly efficient one-pot methodology is described for the synthesis of heparin and heparan sulfate oligosaccharides utilizing thioglycosides with well-defined reactivity as building blocks. L-Idopyranosyl and D-glucopyranosyl thioglycosides 5 and 10 were used as donors due to low reactivity of uronic acids as the glycosyl donors in the one-pot synthesis. The formation of uronic acids by a selective oxidation at C-6 was performed after assembly of the oligosaccharides. The efficiency of this programmable strategy with the flexibility for sulfate incorporation was demonstrated in the representative synthesis of disaccharides 17, 18, tetrasaccharide 23, and pentasaccharide 26.
MultiFocus Polarization Microscope (MF-PolScope) for 3D polarization imaging of up to 25 focal planes simultaneously (2015)

We have developed an imaging system for 3D time-lapse polarization microscopy of living biological samples. Polarization imaging reveals the position, alignment and orientation of submicroscopic features in label-free as well as fluorescently labeled specimens. Optical anisotropies are calculated from a series of images where the sample is illuminated by light of different polarization states. Due to the number of images necessary to collect both multiple polarization states and multiple focal planes, 3D polarization imaging is most often prohibitively slow. Our MF-PolScope system employs multifocus optics to form an instantaneous 3D image of up to 25 simultaneous focal-planes. We describe this optical system and show examples of 3D multi-focus polarization imaging of biological samples, including a protein assembly study in budding yeast cells.
Nonrandom chromosome alterations that correlate with progression to immortality in rat tracheal epithelial cells transformed with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. (1990)

Primary rat tracheal epithelial cells can be transformed in vitro by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The earliest recognizable morphological transformant is the enhanced growth variant (EGV), characterized by enhanced proliferative capacity. Transformed EGV colonies can progress to give rise to immortal cell lines. The purpose of this study was to determine if specific chromosome changes occur which correlate with immortalization. A total of 34 EGV colonies were isolated, of which five were able to progress in culture to become immortal (greater than or equal to 100 population doublings). Early passages of all five immortalized cultures exhibited additional copies of chromosomes 4, 7, and 11 as a common or recurrent abnormality. These numerical alterations were rarely observed in the primary EGV colonies from which the cell lines were derived, suggesting that these alterations occurred during progression. Structural alterations involving chromosome 1 (resulting in a net gain of 1q) and chromosome 3(3q) also occurred in four out of five immortalized cultures. In all cases, structural alterations involving 1q and/or 3q were detected in the primary EGV colonies from which the immortal cell lines arose. Comparison of the frequency of the structural and numerical alterations observed in the immortalized cultures with their frequency in the 29 EGV colonies which did not become immortal indicated that these changes correlated (P less than or equal to 0.005) with the ability to become immortal. These results suggest that structural alterations occur in primary EGV colonies which predispose cells to immortalization and that subsequent numerical changes occur during progression that correlate with acquisition of the immortal phenotype.
Perfusion analysis using a wide coverage flat-panel volume CT: feasibility study (2007)

We developed a Flat-panel detector based Volume CT (VCT) prototype scanner with large z-coverage. In that prototype scanner a Varian 4030CB a-Si flat-panel detector was mounted in a multi slice CT-gantry (Siemens Medical Solutions) which provides a 25 cm field of view with 18 cm z-coverage at isocenter. The large volume covered in one rotation can be used for visualization of complete organs of small animals, e.g. rabbits. By implementing a mode with continuous scanning, we are able to reconstruct the complete volume at any point in time during the propagation of a contrast bolus. Multiple volumetric reconstructions over time elucidate the first pass dynamics of a bolus of contrast resulting in 4-D angiography and potentially allowing whole organ perfusion analysis. We studied to which extent pixel based permeability and blood volume calculation with a modified Patlak approach was possible. Experimental validation was performed by imaging evolution of contrast bolus in New Zealand rabbits. Despite the short circulation time of a rabbit, the temporal resolution was sufficient to visually resolve various phases of the first pass of the contrast bolus. Perfusion imaging required substantial spatial smoothing but allowed a qualitative discrimination of different types of parenchyma in brain and liver. If a true quantitative analysis is possible, requires further studies.
Growth Stresses in Timber—A Review of Literature (1966)

Journal Article Growth Stresses in Timber—A Review of Literature Get access J. M. DINWOODIE J. M. DINWOODIE Forest Products Research LaboratoryPrinces Risborough Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, Volume 39, Issue 2, 1966, Pages 162–170, https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/39.2.162 Published: 01 October 1966
Transmission of high rate ATM packets over indoor radio channels (1996)

The design and performance of a high data rate modem that transmits asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) packets over indoor radio channels is discussed. A discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based multicarrier modulation technique is used to mitigate intersymbol interface (ISI) caused by a multipath spread of up to 250 ns. A rate one-half channel code is used to combat fading. Computer simulation is performed to investigate the system performance for five different multipath intensity profiles. The system performance is compared using a differentially coherent scheme and a coherent scheme based on channel estimation. The effects of carrier frequency offset and some of the hardware nonlinearities are discussed. Using various channel codes, an signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 14-21 dB is required at an average bit error rate (BER) of 10/sup -5/ to transmit a total of 155 Mb/s data over a bandwidth of 280 MHz.
Uncovering the Impact of a Fluorescent Merocyanine Probe on the Structure and Function of Aptamers for Protein and Small Molecule Detection (2018)

Aptamer technology is quickly absorbing the fields of protein and small molecule detection field due to its simple, economical and efficient design. DNA aptamers are functional nucleic acids which engage in target-specific binding which effects changes in the aptamer’s secondary structure. When coupled with a fluorescent probe, target-induced structural changes can alter fluorescence emission thereby signalling binding events. Guanine-quadruplexes are a secondary structure formed by some DNA aptamers which can experience considerable target-induced structural changes and are therefore commonly employed in fluorescent aptamer detection assays. Herein, guanine-quadruplex forming DNA aptamers for the thrombin protein and ochratoxin-A were modified to include a fluorescent merocyanine probe using different labelling strategies. Subsequent investigation of these modified aptamers revealed the effects of different labelling strategies on aptamer structure and stability. Finally, the functionality of these aptamers in detecting their respective targets was evaluated and compared across different labelling strategies using fluorescence spectrometry.
Isolation and Crystallographic Characterization of ErSc<sub>2</sub>N@C<sub>80</sub>:  an Endohedral Fullerene Which Crystallizes with Remarkable Internal Order (2000)

The ErnSc3-nN@C80 (n = 0−3) family of four endohedral fullerenes has been prepared by vaporization of graphite rods packed with 2% Sc2O3/3% Er2O3/95% graphite powder in a Krätschmer−Huffman fullerene generator under dynamic flow of helium and dinitrogen. ErSc2N@C80 has been isolated in pure form via three stages of high-pressure liquid chromatography and characterized by mass spectrometry. The first structure of a mixed metal endohedral, ErSc2N@C80, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 90 K on ErSc2N@C80·CoII(OEP)·1.5C6H6·0.3CHCl3, which was obtained by diffusion of a solution of ErSc2N@C80 in benzene into a solution of CoII(OEP) (OEP is the dianion of octaethylporphyrin) in chloroform. The structure of ErSc2N@C80 consists of a planar ErSc2N unit surrounded by an icosahedral C80 cage. The nominal Er−N distance is 2.089(9) Å and the Sc−N distance is, as expected, shorter, 1.968(6) Å. Despite its location within the C80 cage, the ErSc2N unit displays a remarkable degree of order within the solid-state structure. The metal ions make close contact with individual carbon atoms of the cage with shortest Sc−C distances, in the range of 2.03−2.12 Å, and shortest Er−C distances of 2.20 and 2.22 Å. Two different, but equally populated, orientations of the Ih C80 cage were required to describe the fullerene portion of the structure. Although these C80 cages are located on a crystallographic mirror plane, that plane does not coincide with a mirror plane of the cages themselves. Consequently, the cage is disordered over four superimposed sites.
Flow focusing geometry generates droplets through a plug and squeeze mechanism (2012)

Microdroplets are typically generated by one of two microfluidic geometries, the T-junction and flow focusing. These two geometries are often thought to form drops through different mechanisms. Here, by directly measuring the pressures in the drop maker, we show that flow focus devices exhibit pressure fluctuations that are essentially identical to those found in T-junctions, suggesting that, in these devices and low-to-moderate capillary number, the drop formation process is also dominated by interfacial stresses and proceeds through a plugging-squeezing process.
CCNU (lomustine), idarubicin and dexamethasone (CIDEX): an effective oral regimen for the treatment of refractory or relapsed myeloma (2000)

We report the results of a non-randomized pilot study of an oral regimen comprising CCNU (lomustine; 25 or 50 mg/m2 on day 1), idarubicin (4-demethoxydaunorubicin) (10 mg/m2 on days 1-3) and dexamethasone (10 mg b.d. on days 1-4) in patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma. Treatment was given every 28 d for a maximum of six courses. Sixty patients were entered of whom 57 were evaluable. Overall response rate (partial or minor response) was 49% with 30% of patients achieving a partial response (50% tumour reduction). Response rates were higher in patients with untested relapse than in those with refractory disease (overall response rates 56% vs. 31%). The major toxicity was neutropenia and the regimen was otherwise well tolerated. The median survival from entry of all patients was 15 months, with 30% of patients alive at 2 years. This regimen represents a useful addition to available treatment options.
DISTENSION OF THE BLADDER LEADING TO VASCULAR COMPRESSION AND MASSIVE OEDEMA (1968)

SUMMARY Two patients are described who had enormous distension of the bladder and gross oedema of the lower limbs and genitalia. The distribution of the oedema and its disappearance after catheterisation strongly suggest that compression of the iliac veins by the distended bladder was responsible. Neither patient had any significant cardiovascular or renal insufficiency, nor any evidence of phlebothrombosis.
Hemoglobin augmentation of interleukin-1β-induced production of nitric oxide in smooth-muscle cells (1994)

The roles of hemoglobin (Hb) in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm remain a matter of discussion. Hemoglobin is known to be released from extravasated red blood cells in a variety of pathological conditions, including subarachnoid hemorrhage. These conditions are often accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells and an associated release of multiple cytokines. Certain of these cytokines, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), are capable of increasing nitric oxide (NO) production via the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and excessive NO production under these conditions may contribute to cellular dysfunction. This study further examines these questions by investigating the effects of Hb on the induction of NOS by IL-1 beta. The effects of Hb on IL-1 beta-induced NO production were examined in cultured smooth-muscle cells of rat aorta (RA-SMC's). Production of NO was estimated from the accumulation of nitrite, an oxidative product of NO, in the culture medium. The synthesis of NO was induced by IL-1 beta in a concentration-dependent manner. This activation of NO production was inhibited by: 1) a general inhibitor of NOS (N omega-nitro-L-arginine); 2) a protein synthesis inhibitor (cycloheximide); and 3) two selective inhibitors of the inducible form of NOS (hydrocortisone and aminoguanidine). These results suggest that IL-1 beta promotes the expression of the inducible form of NOS in RA-SMC's. The effects of Hb on NO production were tested by adding purified human Hb to the culture medium of the cells in both the presence and absence of IL-1 beta. Nitrite accumulation was slightly but significantly increased by Hb in the absence of IL-1 beta. In contrast, Hb markedly augmented nitrite accumulation induced by IL-1 beta. This augmentation persisted even after the removal of Hb from the culture medium. The number of cells was not affected by Hb or IL-1 beta. The findings demonstrate that Hb can modify cytokine-induced production of NO in RA-SMC's by increasing the inducible form of NOS. These observations suggest that Hb can also modify the action of inflammatory cells by facilitating NO production in target cells.
Effect of a Product Containing the Dietary Phosphate Binders Calcium and Magnesium Carbonate Associated with Other Reno-protectant Substances (Pronefra ® ) on Blood Parameters and Mineral Balance in Adult Cats (2014)

This study investigated the effects of a combination of calcium and magnesium carbonate intestinal phosphate binders, associated with natural reno-protectant substances (the uraemic toxin binder chitosan, vasoactive peptides and an extract of Astragalus membranaceus) (Pronefra®, Virbac, France) on blood parameters and mineral balance in cats. Ten cats, 2 to 5 years old at day 0, were given the supplement with their normal food for 12 weeks at 0.5ml/kg/d. Plasma creatinine and phosphorus levels decreased significantly during the study period (p=0.016, p=0.002 respectively). Fractional excretion of phosphorus was significantly lower at the end of the study than at the beginning (p=0.02), and a significant correlation (p=0.002) was found between changes in blood creatinine and changes in urinary fractional excretion of phosphorus between days 0 and 84. All calcium and magnesium blood levels remained within normal ranges throughout the study. Pronefra®, a new palatable oral supplement, was shown to be safe over 12 weeks of continuous use, and not only efficiently reduced blood phosphorus levels, but also creatinaemia. This is likely to be an indirect indicator reflecting an overall improvement of renal function. Pronefra® may, therefore, represent an interesting new supportive option in cats suffering from Effect of a Product Containing the Dietary Phosphate Binders Calcium and Magnesium Carbonate Associated with Other Reno-protectant Substances (Pronefra®) on Blood Parameters and Mineral Balance in Adult Cats
Design and implementation of integrated navigation system based on DSP (2014)

In this paper, we adopt switching technology of double satellites navigation mode based on BeiDou-2 (BD2) and Global Position System (GPS), design GNSS/MIMU integrated navigation system based on TMS320C6747. The designed system is not affected by the possible transient invalidation of GNSS. The hardware design of system is completed. The navigation switching technology is analyzed when GNSS signal is disturbed, and the Kalman filter of system is designed, what's more, the precision of system during navigation mode switching period is held through MIMU. Thus we realize seamless switching of navigation mode. We adopt integrated navigation system based on BD2, GPS and low-cost IMU, which increases the stability of system when the signal of satellites navigation system is disturbed. Additionally, we provide results and system details from several experiments to further prove the effectiveness of the integrated navigation system.
Formation of fine near-field scanning optical microscopy tips. Part I. By static and dynamic chemical etching (2003)

The probe tip is the key component in scanning probe microscopes and their applications in the nanoscale imaging and nanofabrication. In this work, we have investigated the formation of near-field scanning optical microscopy probe tips from optical fiber by chemical etching. Static and dynamic etchings and their combinations are studied. The etching process is optimized, and tips with short tapers, small apertures (about 50 nm) and large aperture cone angles (40°) are successfully obtained. Multiple-tapered tips are also fabricated by using different dynamic regimes. It is found that the taper profiles are determined by the nonlinear dynamic evolution of the meniscus of the etchant near the fiber.
Arterialisation of transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide. (1988)

We compared previously calculated global correction factors for oxygen and carbon dioxide arterial/transcutaneous ratios with individual in vivo calibrations from the first arterial sample. In infants beyond the neonatal period and older children in vivo calibration confers little benefit over the use of a global calibration correction factor for transcutaneous carbon dioxide, and may reduce the precision with which arterial oxygen can be estimated from transcutaneous oxygen.
Graph—theoretical approach to colour picture segmentation and contour classification (1993)

The segmentation of colour pictures in a graph-theoretical context is considered. The procedure aims at identifying, extracting and classifying visually important features on the image plane, such as regions of homogeneous colour and chromatic transitions. Well established principles of colour theory and graph theory are combined to obtain a unified representation of a colour picture. The picture is represented by means of a weighted graph, constructed so as to reflect the specification of the colour space employed as well as important relationships between picture elements. A spanning tree of the graph is obtained by iteratively minimising a specific picture distortion measure. This tree structure describes a hierarchy of partitions on the image plane. Each partition comprises disjoint regions containing elements with similar attribute. Due to the fact that region identification and edge detection form dual problems from the graph-theoretical viewpoint, region contours defined by such partitions form a hierarchy. To avoid artificial contouring, a specific type of artefact introduced by the segmentation algorithm, the use of higher level information, is considered. It is shown that, when texture (which is taken into account at an intermediate stage of picture segmentation) is combined with colour as joint similarity attributes of regions, an improved hierarchical description of contours is possible. This facilitates the progressive elimination of the undesirable contours and leads to the visual enhancement of the segmentation obtained.
Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of a Leaf Ferredoxin-Nitrite Reductase cDNA of Rice (1995)

A ferredoxin-nitrite reductase (EC 1.7.7.1) cDNA was isolated and sequenced from a lambda gt 11 cDNA library constructed from nitrate-induced greening shoots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA clone contains an open reading frame of 1788 nucleotides. There exists a strong bias for the third codon usage of G/C (95.5%) as in the case of the maize enzyme. The deduced amino acid sequence shows an overall homology to the maize (81%) and the dicot enzymes (70-74%), suggesting that the primary structure of ferredoxin-nitrite reductase is highly conserved in higher plants.
A 40MHz 12bit 84.2dB-SFDR continuous-time delta-sigma modulator in 90nm CMOS (2011)

A 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> -order 40MHz Bandwidth 12bit continuous-time delta-sigma modulator is presented in this paper. A shaped SC DAC with reduced peak current is proposed to relax the OTA slewing requirement, consuming no extra hardware or power. The DAC static and dynamic mismatches are eliminated by lookup table based digital calibration. With 1.2V supply and 69.6mW power in 90nm CMOS, the modulator achieves excellent SFDR of 84.2dB and 72.9dB peak SNDR at 960MHz clock frequency, corresponding to a FoM of 0.24pJ/Step. The core circuit area is about 0.28mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Spin transfer switching in TbCoFe∕CoFeB∕MgO∕CoFeB∕TbCoFe magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (2008)

Spin transfer (ST) switching in the TbCoFe∕CoFeB∕MgO∕CoFeB∕TbCoFe magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) was studied. The TbCoFe∕CoFeB free layer with a large coercive field of 1.2kOe and a large thermal stability factor of 107 at room temperature was switched by a 100ns pulse current with a current density of 4.7MA∕cm2. This is the first report of ST switching in a MTJ with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The temperature dependence of the coercive field was also investigated to estimate the magnetic anisotropy in the case of rising temperature due to the Joule heating effect. The measured coercive field at 87°C, which was the simulated temperature during the switching pulse current, was about 0.34kOe. The ratio of the switching current density to the coercive field under the switching current in the MTJ with the TbCoFe∕CoFeB free layer is smaller than that in a typical MTJ with an in-plane magnetized CoFeB free layer. This result indicates that a MTJ with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy is advantageous for realizing low switching current magnetoresistive random access memory.
Clinical Use of Cancer Biomarkers in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (2015)

At present, CA125 remains the most important biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer, excluding tumors of mucinous origin.