gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid prototyping through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) (1997)

The increasing competitive nature of today's marketplace is forcing manufacturing enterprises to become more efficient in every aspect of their business. Although the philosophy of concurrent engineering remains that of teamwork and the consideration of how decisions taken during early stages will effect latter stages in the design process, tools and technology have emerged which can enhance the process. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a computer based mathematical modelling tool which can be used to simulate heat transfer and fluid flow within a physical system. CFD simulation is achieved by first breaking a CAD representation of the physical system into a 3D grid containing cells. The ability to simulate heat transfer and fluid flow within a system allows designers to investigate alternative designs without committing cost to hardware.
Contribution of Endothelin to the Acute Pressor Response of L-NAME in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (1998)

In this study, we examined whether endothelin (ET) plays a role in the short-term increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) after nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition with N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSPs). Experiments were performed by using Inactin-anesthetized male SHRSPs that were pretreated with chlorisondamine to block reflex autonomic cardiovascular effects. Injection of L-NAME (10 mg/kg, i.v.), but not D-NAME, produced rapid and marked increases (74 +/- 3 mm Hg) in MAP that were sustained for >1 h. In SHRSPs that were treated with the ET(A/B) receptor antagonist, L-754,142 (15 mg/kg + 15 mg/kg/h), L-NAME increased MAP by 45 +/- 4 mm Hg (p < 0.0001 compared with L-NAME alone). L-754,142 blocked pressor responses to big ET-1 by >90% but was without effect on pressor responses to norepinephrine. Plasma levels of ET-1 averaged 5 +/- 1 pg/ml in animals given vehicle and were slightly increased in animals given either L-NAME alone (7 +/- 2 pg/ml) or L-754,142 alone (7 +/- 2 pg/ml) but increased markedly when L-NAME and L-754,142 were given together (114 +/- 18 pg/ml). This may relate to an effect of L-754,142 to block ET-receptor-mediated clearance of ET-1. We conclude that ET plays a role in the short-term pressor response after NOS inhibition in SHRSPs.
Variable Structure Control Method for Fuel-Injected Systems (1993)

A nonlinear control method for automotive fuel-injection systems is developed using the theory of variable structure systems. This fuel-injection control method is formulated to be compatible with production sensors and actuators, and its feasibility and potential benefits are demonstrated using a research automobile. The motivation for this research stems from the fact that fuel-injection control is a difficult control problem due to the nonlinear and complex nature of engine dynamics and due to the limitations imposed by a switching-type feedback sensor.
`AC Harflame' Nectarine (1996)

shoots have weak anthocyanin coloration in midsummer and flower bud density is high, usually two per node. Flowering begins intermediate between early ('Fantasia') and late-('Hardired') blooming cultivars, and petals are showy, rounded, large, and medium pink with no striping. Stamens are generally shorter than the petals while the stigma is above the anthers. Pollen is abundant. The flowering period is of medium duration, typically 5 to 7 days.
Viscosity and solute dependence of F-actin translocation by rabbit skeletal heavy meromyosin (2000)

We tested the hypothesis that solvent viscosity affects translocation of rhodamine phalloidin-labeled F-actin by rabbit skeletal heavy meromyosin (HMM). When viscosity was increased using either glycerol, fructose, sucrose, or dextran (1.5, 6.0, or 15-20 kDa mol mass), there was little or no effect on the fraction of moving filaments, whereas sliding speed decreased in inverse proportion to viscosity. The results could be explained neither by an effect of osmotic pressure at high solute concentrations nor by altered solvent drag on the actin filament. Elevated viscosity inhibited HMM ATPase activity in solution, but only at much higher viscosities than were needed to reduce sliding speed. Polyethylene glycols (300, 1,000, or 3,000 mol wt) also inhibited speed via elevated viscosity but secondarily inhibited by enhancing electrostatic interactions. These results demonstrate that a diffusion-controlled process intrinsic to cross-bridge cycling can be limiting to actomyosin function.
Optical parametric chirped pulse oscillation (2017)

A concept to flexibly adjust the spectral bandwidth of the output pulses of a fiber optical parametric oscillator is presented. By adjusting the chirp of the pump pulses appropriate to the chirp of the resonant pulses, the energy of the output pulses can be transferred into a user-defined spectral bandwidth. For this concept of optical parametric chirped pulse oscillation, we present numerical simulations of a parametric oscillator, which is able to convert pump pulses with a spectral bandwidth of 3.3 nm into output pulses with an adjustable spectral bandwidth between 9 and 0.05 nm. Combined with a wavelength tunability between 1200 and 1300 nm and pulse energies of up to 100 nJ, the concept should allow to adapt a single all-fiber parametric oscillator to a variety of applications, e.g., in multimodal nonlinear microscopy.
Wafer-level membrane transfer bonding of polycrystalline silicon bolometers for use in infrared focal plane arrays (2001)

In this paper we present a new, innovative technology for fabrication and integration of free-hanging transducers. The transducer structures are processed on the original substrate wafer (sacrificial device wafer) and then transferred to a new substrate wafer (target wafer). The technology consists only of low-temperature processes, thus it is compatible with integrated circuits. We have applied the new membrane transfer bonding technology to the fabrication of infrared bolometers for use in uncooled infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs). In the future this may allow bolometers to be integrated with high-temperature-annealed, high-performance thermistor materials on CMOS-based uncooled IRFPAs. Membrane transfer bonding is based on low-temperature adhesive bonding of the sacrificial device wafer to the target wafer. The device wafer is sacrificially removed by etching or by a combination of grinding and etching, while the transducer structures remain on the target wafer. The transducer structures are mechanically and electrically contacted to the target wafer and the adhesive bonding material is sacrificially removed. The free-hanging transducers remain on the target wafer. One of the unique advantages of this technology is the ability to fabricate and integrate free-hanging transducers with very small feature sizes. In principle, membrane transfer bonding can be applied to any type of free-hanging transducer including ferroelectric infrared detectors, movable micro-mirrors and RF MEMS devices.
Efficacy of herpes simplex virus type 1 immunization in protecting against acute and latent infection by herpes simplex virus type 2 in mice (1977)

ICR mice were immunized with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and later challenged with HSV-2 by footpad inoculation. Both immunized animals and age-matched, nonimmunized controls were observed for ascending neurological disease and latent infection of spinal ganglia resulting from the HSV-2 challenge. Control animals had a 78% incidence of acute and latent infection compared with a 1.7% incidence in immunized mice. The data show immunity to HSV-1 is protective against both acute and latent infection by HSV-2.
Spin-dependent transmission of free electrons through ultrathin cobalt layers (invited) (1996)

We present an original technique to investigate spin-dependent electron interactions in ferromagnetic metals, and place it in the context of previous studies. Our technique is based on spin-polarized electron transmission through ultrathin, free-standing, metal foils. A longitudinally spin-polarized, quasimonoenergetic, free-electron beam impinges onto a ferromagnetic target consisting of a few atomic layers of cobalt sandwiched between gold layers, for an overall thickness of the order of 25 nm. It is remanently magnetized perpendicular to the film plane. The current transmitted through the foil is energy analyzed and its dependence on the relative orientation between the spin polarization of the primary beam and the magnetization direction of the cobalt layer is measured. The experiments are performed over a wide primary energy range, starting from the vacuum level of the target; the work function of the target can be lowered down to 2 eV by cesium deposition. We demonstrate a spin-filter effect, favoring the transmission of majority electrons. It is very large at low primary energy, when the electrons travel close to the 3d bands. Perspectives for compact and highly discriminative spin detectors are discussed.
Shedding of Membrane Type Matrix Metalloproteinase 5 by a Furin-type Convertase (2001)

The shedding of membrane-associated proteins has been recognized as a regulatory mechanism to either up-regulate or down-regulate cellular functions by releasing membrane-bound growth factors or removing ectodomains of adhesion molecules and receptors. We have reported previously that the ectoenzyme of membrane type matrix metalloproteinase 5 (MT5-MMP) is shed into extracellular milieu (Pei, D. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 8925-8932). Here we present evidence that MT5-MMP is shed by a furin-type convertase activity in the trans-Golgi network. Among proteinase inhibitors screened, only decanoyl-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg-chloromethylketone, a known inhibitor for furin-type convertases, blocked the shedding of MT5-MMP in a dose-dependent manner. As expected, decanoyl-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg-chloromethylketone also prevented the activation of MT5-MMP, raising the possibility that the observed shedding could be autolytic. However, an active site mutant devoid of any catalytic activity, is also shed efficiently, thus ruling out the autolytic pathway. The shedding cleavage was subsequently mapped to the stem region immediately upstream of the transmembrane domain, where a cryptic furin recognition site, (545)RRKERR, was recognized. Indeed, MT5-MMP and furin are co-localized in the trans-Golgi network and the shed species could be detected inside the cells. Furthermore, deletion mutations removing this cryptic site prevented MT5-MMP from shedding. The resulting mutants express a gain-of-function phenotype by mediating more robust activation of proMMP-2 than the wild type molecule. Thus, shedding provides a potential mechanism to regulate proteolytic activity of membrane-bound MMPs.
Multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions in an elderly human individual (1992)

We have used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to study deletions in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of an elderly human individual. An extended set of PCR primers has been utilised to identify 10 mitochondrial DNA deletions in a 69-year-old female subject with no known mitochondrial disease. The particular deletions visualised as PCR products depended on the primer pairs used, such that the more distantly separated PCR primers enabled visualisation of larger deletions. Some deletions were common to the heart, brain and skeletal muscle, whereas others were apparently specific to individual tissues. DNA sequencing analysis of PCR products showed that short direct repeat sequences (5 to 13 bp) flanked all deletion breakpoints; in most cases one copy of the repeat was deleted. It is proposed that the accumulation of such multiple deletions is a general phenomenon during the ageing process.
Identification of a spectrin-like protein in nonerythroid cells. (1981)

We have demonstrated the existence of a spectrin-like protein in a variety of nonerythroid cultured cells. Indirect immunofluorescence studies with monospecific antispectrin IgG indicated the presence of proteins that have common antigenic determinants to spectrin in embryonic chicken cardiac myocytes, mouse fibroblast lines (3T3, simian virus 4-transformed 3T3), and rat hepatoma lines (HTC, HMOA). Two spectrin-like peptides of 240,000 and 230,000 daltons were immunoprecipitated from octyl glucoside-solubilized embryonic chicken cardiac myocytes, along with associated cytoskeletal proteins. Immunoautoradiographic characterization of the myocyte immunoprecipitate showed that only the spectrin-like 240,000- and 230,000-dalton peptides were stained with monospecific antispectrin IgG and 125I-labeled protein A. One-dimensional partial proteolytic mapping of the myocyte 240,000- and 230,000-dalton peptides showed that these peptides share substantial sequence homology with embryonic chicken erythrocyte spectrin 240,000- and 220,000-dalton peptides.
Silver-mediated base pairings: towards dynamic DNA nanostructures with enhanced chemical and thermal stability (2016)

The thermal and chemical fragility of DNA nanomaterials assembled by Watson–Crick (WC) pairing constrain the settings in which these materials can be used and how they can be functionalized. Here we investigate use of the silver cation, Ag ^+ , as an agent for more robust, metal-mediated self-assembly, focusing on the simplest duplex building blocks that would be required for more elaborate Ag ^+ –DNA nanostructures. Our studies of Ag ^+ -induced assembly of non-complementary DNA oligomers employ strands of 2–24 bases, with varied base compositions, and use electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to determine product compositions. High yields of duplex products containing narrowly distributed numbers of Ag ^+ can be achieved by optimizing solution conditions. These Ag ^+ -mediated duplexes are stable to at least 60 mM Mg ^2+ , higher than is necessary for WC nanotechnology schemes such as tile assemblies and DNA origami, indicating that sequential stages of Ag ^+ -mediated and WC-mediated assembly may be feasible. Circular dichroism spectroscopy suggests simple helical structures for Ag ^+ -mediated duplexes with lengths to at least 20 base pairs, and further indicates that the structure of cytosine-rich duplexes is preserved at high urea concentrations. We therefore propose an approach towards dynamic DNA nanomaterials with enhanced thermal and chemical stability through designs that combine sturdy silver-mediated ‘frames’ with WC paired ‘pictures’.
A technique for multidimensional symbol and multiplexing frame synchronization in multidimensional trellis coded modems using non-standard baud (2003)

Multidimensional trellis-coded modems use symbols that are formed from multiple two-dimensional QAM (quadrature amplitude modulated) symbols. The receiver must have the ability to determine the start point of the multidimensional symbol. In modems that use a baud other than 2400 it may be necessary to multiplex channels at standard bit rates. This requires synchronization of frames of symbols that contain a number of bits that is evenly divisible by the number of multiplexed channels. An algorithm has been developed which solves both problems simultaneously. The algorithm is presented along with an explanation of its operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Insertion of multiple α‐amino γ‐lactam (Agl) residues into a peptide sequence by solid‐phase synthesis on synphase lanterns (2010)

The insertion of lactams into peptide analogs can enhance potency and improve receptor selectivity. The synthesis of lactam-bridged peptide sequences has been accomplished by a solid-phase approach on SynPhase lanterns using cyclic (R)- and (S)-oxathiazinane ester (2) to annulate the amino lactam residue onto the peptide chain. Parallel synthesis of alpha-amino gamma-lactam analogs of the allosteric modulator of IL-1 receptor 101.10 (D-Arg-D-Tyr-D-Thr-D-Val-D-Glu-D-Leu-D-Ala: rytvela) was performed by split-mix chemistry on the lanterns. In particular, the double insertion of alpha-amino gamma-lactams in the same peptide sequence has been accomplished by this effective method for the solid-supported combinatorial synthesis of lactam-bridged peptides. Peptides bearing an Agl residue exhibited curve shapes indicative of turn conformations in their circular dichroism spectra.
Verkaufskunde (I) (1980)

Diese Lemeinheit (28) vermittelt Ihnen das Wissen und das sich darauf stützende Verständnis zu folgenden Themen:
A Sealed Xenon Gas Scintillation Proportional Counter for X-Ray Astronomy (1976)

A gas scintillation proportional counter operating without the conventional gas purification system, for use in instruments for X-ray astronomy, is under development. A parallel grid detector has been built employing ultra high vacuum technology, equipped with a caesium getter to maintain purity, filled with xenon at one atmosphere and sealed. The detector does not employ a wavelength shifter (the scintillation being in the UV region) and no attention was paid to optimising the light collection efficiency. The experimental results demonstrate that the output signal is in the form of a pulse-train, which offers unforeseen possibilities for direct digital energy measurements, involving high frequency pulse counting and pulse-train length discrimination for the vetoing of particles producing extended ionisation trails.
Enhancing Cultural Tourism experiences with Augmented Reality Technologies (2005)

This paper describes the development of an interactive visualization system based on Augmented Reality Tech-nologies and the integration into a tourist application. The basic idea is the combination of the commonly known concept of tourist binoculars with Augmented Reality. By means of Augmented Reality, the real scene is enhanced by multimedia personalized interactive information to increase the tourist experience of the user, who can retrieve this information by a user-friendly interface.
Virtual Sensors: Abstracting Data from Physical Sensors (2006)

Sensor networks are becoming increasingly pervasive. Existing methods of aggregation in sensor networks offer mostly standard mathematical operators over homogeneous data types. In this paper, we instead focus on supporting emerging scenarios in which applications will need to extract abstracted measurements from diverse sets of sensor network nodes. This paper introduces the virtual sensors abstraction that enables an application developer to programmatically specify an application's high-level data requirements. This paper reports on our initial work with the virtual sensors and the results of our prototype implementation.
FSH regulates fat accumulation and redistribution in aging through the Gαi/Ca<sup>2+</sup>/CREB pathway (2015)

Increased fat mass and fat redistribution are commonly observed in aging populations worldwide. Although decreased circulating levels of sex hormones, androgens and oestrogens have been observed, the exact mechanism of fat accumulation and redistribution during aging remains obscure. In this study, the receptor of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), a gonadotropin that increases sharply and persistently with aging in both males and females, is functionally expressed in human and mouse fat tissues and adipocytes. Follicle-stimulating hormone was found to promote lipid biosynthesis and lipid droplet formation; FSH could also alter the secretion of leptin and adiponectin, but not hyperplasia, in vitro and in vivo. The effects of FSH are mediated by FSH receptors coupled to the Gαi protein; as a result, Ca(2+) influx is stimulated, cAMP-response-element-binding protein is phosphorylated, and an array of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis is activated. The present findings depict the potential of FSH receptor-mediated lipodystrophy of adipose tissues in aging. Our results also reveal the mechanism of fat accumulation and redistribution during aging of males and females.
Electrically tunable silicon-based mirrors (2002)

For optical applications using a silicon platform (e.g. optical interconnects), passive and especially active components made of silicon need to be developed. Unfortunately, the optical properties of silicon are not sensitive to electric fields, which makes active elements difficult to fabricate. In this work, we demonstrate electrically tunable mirrors that consist of a porous silicon microcavity resonator. Liquid crystal molecules are uniformly infiltrated into the porous silicon matrix to allow tuning of the microcavity resonance with an electric field. The applied electric field causes the liquid crystal molecules to change orientation, creating a change in the value of their refractive index and a shift of the resonance wavelength of the microcavity resonator. Simulations show devices could be built that exhibit a resonance with a full width at half maximum value of 2nm. The resonance can be shifted to achieve a change in reflectivity from ~0% to ~100%. Thus, the application of a small ac voltage should lead to a complete modulation of the reflected light.
The Core Domain of the Tissue Transglutaminase G<sub>h</sub> Hydrolyzes GTP and ATP (1997)

Tissue transglutaminase (TGase II) catalyzes the posttranslational modification of proteins by transamidation of available glutamine residues and is also a guanosinetriphosphatase (GTPase) and adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase). Based on its homology with factor XIIIA, an extracellular transglutaminase, the structure of TGase II is likely composed of an N-terminal beta-sandwich domain, an alpha/beta catalytic core, and two C-terminally located beta-barrels. Here we used a domain-deletion approach to identify the GTP and ATP hydrolytic domains of TGase II. Full-length TGase II and two domain-deletion mutants, one retaining the N-terminal beta-sandwich and core domains (betaSCore) and the other retaining only the core domain, were expressed as glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins and purified. GST-Full and GST-betaSCore exhibited calcium-dependent TGase activity, whereas GST-Core had no detectable TGase activity, indicating the beta-sandwich domain is required for TGase activity but the C-terminal beta-barrels are not. All three GST-TGase II fusion proteins were photoaffinity-labeled with [alpha-32P]-8-azidoGTP and were able to bind GTP-agarose. The GTPase activity of GST-betaSCore was equivalent to that of GST-Full, whereas the ATPase activity was approximately 40% higher than GST-Full. GST-Core had approximately 50% higher GTPase activity and approximately 75% higher ATPase activity than GST-Full. The GTPase and ATPase activities of each of the GST-TGase II fusion proteins were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by both GTPgammaS and ATPgammaS. These results demonstrate that the GTP and ATP hydrolysis sites are localized within the core domain of TGase II and that neither the N-terminal beta-sandwich domain nor the C-terminal beta-barrels are required for either GTP or ATP hydrolysis. Taken together with previous work [Singh, U. S., Erickson, J. W., & Cerione, R. A. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 15863-15871; Lai, T.-S., Slaughter, T. F., Koropchak, C. M., Haroon, Z. A., & Greenberg, C. S. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 31191-31195] the results of this study indicate that the GTP and ATP hydrolysis sites are localized to a 5. 5 kDa (47 amino acid) region at the start of the core domain.