gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Different expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3<i>β</i>between young and old rat brains after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (2001)

Ischemia is a common stress to human brain and is difficult to cure in older individuals. To examine the differences of the response to cerebral ischemia between young and old rat brains, distributions of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) and tau proteins were analyzed after 90 min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in young (10-11 weeks) and old (15 months) rats by immunohistochemical analyses. At 4 h of reperfusion, strong cytoplasmic and nuclear immunoreactivity for GSK3beta was induced in neurons of lamina I, II, V and VI of the cerebral cortex and dorsal caudate in young brains, while the induction was not observed in lamina I and II of old cerebral cortex. The staining in lamina V and VI and dorsal caudate then gradually decreased until seven days of reperfusion in both animal groups. The staining of tau protein and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin in situ nick end labeling (TUNEL) did not show any positive signals in the control brain, but showed positive signals after ischemia with a peak at 24 h and 3 days, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the temporal and spatial patterns of tau and TUNEL stainings between these two groups. These data suggest that GSK3beta may have a role in ischemic neuronal cell death, and that the different spatial expression of GSK3beta between young and old rat brains may partly explain the vulnerability of older neurons after ischemia.
Application of morphology to feature extraction for face recognition (1992)

This paper explores the use of morphological operators for feature extraction in range images and curvature maps of the human face. Two general procedures are described. The first is the identification of connected part boundaries for convex structures, which is used to extract the nose outline and the eye socket outlines of the face. The part boundaries are defined locally based on minima of minimum principal curvature on the surface. The locus of these points suggests boundary lines which surround most convex regions on the surface. However, most of these boundaries are not completely connected. To remedy this problem, a general two-step connection procedure is developed: the partial boundaries are first dilated in such a way that the gaps between them are filled. Second, the resulting dilated outlines are skeletonized with the constraint that the pixels belonging to the original boundary parts cannot be removed. A marker which identifies the convex region being described is then used to select the region enclosed by the new connected outline. Examples are given of this procedure in the extraction of the nose boundary and eye socket boundary. The second general procedure discussed is the identification of connected ridge lines, which is demonstrated in the extraction of the browline and the chin/jaw line. Ridge lines are defined as local maxima of maximum curvature in the direction of maximum curvature. The same skeleton-based procedure as above is first used to connect the ridge lines. Skeletonization is then used again to reduce these lines to simply connected ones. The last step primarily consists in extracting the longest path within the obtained components: this is achieved by using the propagation function to find the extremities of these paths and then connecting them within the components by means of geodesic distance functions. The entire process provides a robust and accurate extraction of brow and chin/jaw lines.
Paper Chromatography of Antifungal Antibiotics (1955)

Paper chromatography is very helpful in the identi- fication and comparison of antibiotics, but very few results from the application of this technique have been published so far.The awakening of interest in the search for antibiotics which are active against fungi pathogenic to plants and animals makes the investiga- tor aware of the scant information that is available to help characterize such agents.A knowledge of the Rf values of the known antifungal agents would help ad- vance the search for such therapeutic materials.Often these values, in conjunction with the biological inhibi- tory activities, are the only criteria by which one can determine whether the unknown agent appears to be a new material.When the Rf data are obtained for shake cultures, one can eliminate many previously described antibiotic-producing organisms from further study, thus
Dosimetry and reproducibility of a capsule-based C-14 urea breath test (1995)

The aims of this study were (1) to determine the excretion of the C-14 and associated radiation dose and (2) to examine the reproducibility of a commercial C-14 urea breath test for H.pylori diagnosis. Tests were performed on twenty consenting volunteers (13M, 7F, 24-48 yr). Breath samples containing 1 mmol CO{sub 2} were obtained at 0,5,10,15,20,25,30 min. and 1,2,3,4,5,6,12, 24 hrs following administration of the 37kBq C-14 urea test capsule. A 24 hr urine collection was performed with each voiding collected separately. A repeat breath test was performed 24 hr after the first. H. pylori positive (HP+) was defined as a 15 minute breath sample >=50 dpm. Total urine excretion was obtained directly. Breath excretion was modeled by estimating the area under the excretion curve and using a constant factor of 884 mmol CO{sub 2}/ hr. Urine and breath excretion data in HP+ and H. pylori-negative (HP-) volunteers were pooled and fit to a monoexponential function thus estimating the cumulative urinary excretion of unmetabolized urea. Previously reported biokinetic models of C-14 urea and bicarbonate were used to estimate radiation doses form each compound. Weighted sums were calculated for each dose estimate using each group`s excretion fraction distribution. Both HP+ andmore » HP- volunteers excreted an average of 73% of the C-14 over the first 24 hr. HP+ excretion was evenly divided between breath (34%) and urine (38%). HP-excretion is almost solely by the urinary pathway. The maximum dose for HP= was to the red marrow (0.0033 mGy) and a maximum of 0.0054 mGy to the urinary bladder wall for HP-. There was no difference between 15 inch breath samples on the two days (t-test, p>0.6). The minimum HP+ result at 15 inch was 270 dpm and the maximum HP- result at 15 inch was 18 dpm, indicating great separation between HP+ and HP- results. This study verifies previous dose estimates using C-14 excretion data. The test is sensitive and reproducible with a low radiation dose.« less
Experimental Determination of the Ground-State Inversion Splitting in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1985)

The ground-state inversion splitting of the ${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}^{+}$ molecular ion has been determined to be 55.3462\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0055 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ from the high-resolution laser infrared spectroscopy of the ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2}$ band. This has enabled us to predict accurately the ground-state inversion spectrum in the far-infrared region and the inversion-rotation spectrum in the millimeter-wave region which may be used to detect this fundamental molecular ion in interstellar space.
Interpolated rectangular 3-D digital waveguide mesh algorithms with frequency warping (2003)

Various interpolated three-dimensional (3-D) digital waveguide mesh algorithms are elaborated. We introduce an optimized technique that improves a formerly proposed trilinearly interpolated 3-D mesh and renders the mesh more homogeneous in different directions. Furthermore, various sparse versions of the interpolated mesh algorithm are investigated, which reduce the computational complexity at the expense of accuracy. Frequency-warping techniques are used to shift the frequencies of the output signal of the mesh in order to cancel the effect of dispersion error. The extensions improve the accuracy of 3-D digital waveguide mesh simulations enough so that in the future it can be used for acoustical simulations needed in the design of listening rooms, for example.
An efficient multiple-errors and multiple-erasures decoding algorithm for multitrack magnetic recording channels (2004)

The paper presents a simple and practical error control mechanism that allows multiple-errors and multiple-erasures correction for multitrack magnetic recording systems. The proposed mechanism is based on using a simple and fast hash function to locate erroneous tracks in magnetic tape and exploit the MDS property of array codes to correct these tracks as erasures. The mechanism enables MDS array codes with r parity symbols to correct s tracks in error and t erased tracks (s + t /spl les/ r) with negligible probability of undetected error. The proposed mechanism reduces the redundancy requirement, for a given degree of reliability, by almost 50 % from that needed by conventional systems. It also reduces the encoding and decoding complexity for multitrack magnetic recording channels.
Differences in the surface proteins of mouse B and T cells. (1975)

We have selectively labeled the surface of mouse thymus-dependent (T) and thymus-independent (B) lymphocytes by means of lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination. Examination of the labeled proteins by electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate followed by autoradiography revealed differences in the cell surface proteins of B and T cells. Proteins from labeled thymocytes, T cell lymphomas, and both normal and activated peripheral T cells give a broad band of radioactivity corresponding to at least two protein components with apparent molecular weights of 170,000 to 190,000. This band is absent from autoradiographs of iodinated B cell proteins, which instead have another band corresponding to a protein with an apparent molecular weight of about 220,000. We have shown that these T and B cell marker proteins are synthesized by the cell and are not serum components selectively bound to the cell surface. We have also established that these proteins are the major iodinated species precipitated from Nonidet P-40 cell lysates by rabbit anti-mouse lymphocyte serum, suggesting that they are the major antigens recognized by rabbit antibodies to mouse lymphocytes.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Colonization Is Inversely Associated with Childhood Asthma (2008)

This study is the first to report an inverse association between H. pylori seropositivity and asthma in children. The findings indicate new directions for research and asthma prevention.
Oxygen quenching of electronically excited hexanuclear molybdenum and tungsten halide clusters (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxygen quenching of electronically excited hexanuclear molybdenum and tungsten halide clustersJulie A. Jackson, Claudia. Turro, Mark D. Newsham, and Daniel G. NoceraCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 11, 4500–4507Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/j100374a029RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views488Altmetric-Citations138LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Measuring Decentralized Video Streaming: A Case Study of DTube (2020)

The majority of Internet traffic originates from a handful of large-scale video streaming services such as YouTube or Netflix, which continue to grow rapidly. These trends result in traffic and content centralization, which have raised increased awareness of the importance of more decentralized solutions to promote a more open Internet. While P2P-based, decentralized video streaming has been proposed and studied in the past, more novel solutions have not been investigated yet. One recent example is DTube, a video streaming platform which leverages decentralized technologies for content delivery and curation. In this study, our goal is to assess the viability of novel decentralized video streaming services, using DTube as an example. We develop and present an Android application to measure connectivity and performance of both DTube and YouTube over WiFi and cellular networks. We collect measurements over a period of 10 months (2019) and from four different cellular ISPs across three different countries. Analyzing the results, we find that streaming videos from DTube is by and large comparable to streaming from YouTube, although we notice a lack of geographically distributed DTube servers and caches. Nevertheless, the results indicate that decentralized video streaming may present a feasible alternative to centralized services in the future.
Novel Para<i>-</i>Substituted Benzyl Ethers for Hydroxyl Group Protection (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNovel Para-Substituted Benzyl Ethers for Hydroxyl Group ProtectionLaurence Jobron and Ole HindsgaulView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2 Canada Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 24, 5835–5836Publication Date (Web):June 5, 1999Publication History Received14 October 1998Published online5 June 1999Published inissue 1 June 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9836085https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9836085rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2627Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Ethers,Hydroxyls,Oligosaccharides,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Scalable to lossless audio compression based on perceptual set partitioning in hierarchical trees (PSPIHT) (2004)

The paper proposes a technique for scalable to lossless audio compression. The scheme presented is perceptually scalable and also provides for lossless compression. It produces smooth objective scalability, in terms of SegSNR, from lossy to lossless compression. The proposal is built around the introduced perceptual SPIHT algorithm, which is a modification of the SPIHT algorithm. Both objective and subjective results are reported and demonstrate both perceptual and objective measure scalability. The subjective results indicate that the proposed method performs comparably with the MPEG-4 AAC coder at 16, 32 and 64 kbps, yet also achieves a scalable-to-lossless architecture.
Study on Intelligent Vehicle Lane Change Path Planning and Control Simulation (2006)

For autonomous Intelligent Vehicle (IV), lane change is an important lateral motion pattern which comprises path planning and path track control. Firstly, a kind of IV Lane Change Path Planning algorithm, which Satisfies Jerk Restraint (LCP2SJR), was developed. Then fuzzy-neural network (FNN) and genetic algorithm (GA) were used to design the IV Lane Change Robust Controller (LCRC). At last, simulations of the lane change track control were done. The results show that under the guidance of the path planed by LCP2SJR and the control of LCRC, IV can implements high precise, smooth and strong robust lane change motion.
Cutting Edge: IL-6–Dependent Autoimmune Disease: Dendritic Cells as a Sufficient, but Transient, Source (2012)

Mice lacking IL-6 are resistant to autoimmune diseases, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is driven by CNS-reactive CD4(+) T cells. There are multiple cellular sources of IL-6, but the critical source in EAE has been uncertain. Using cell-specific IL-6 deficiency in models of EAE induced by active immunization, passive transfer, T cell transfer, and dendritic cell transfer, we show that neither the pathogenic T cells nor CNS-resident cells are required to produce IL-6. Instead, the requirement for IL-6 was restricted to the early stages of T cell activation and was entirely controlled by dendritic cell-derived IL-6. This reflected the loss of IL-6R expression by T cells over time. These data explain why blockade of IL-6R only achieves protection against EAE if used at the time of T cell priming. The implications for therapeutic manipulation of IL-6 signaling in human T cell-driven autoimmune conditions are considered.
Automated malware classification based on network behavior (2013)

Over the past decade malware, i.e., malicious software, has become a major security threat on the Internet. Today anti-virus companies receive thousands of malicious samples every day. However the vast majority of these samples are variants of the existing malware. Due to the sheer number of malware variants it is important to accurately determine whether a sample belongs to a known malware family or exhibits a new behavior and thus requires further analysis and separate detection signature. Despite of the importance of network activity, the existing research on malware analysis does not fully leverage the malware network behavior for classification. In this paper, we propose an automated malware classification system that focuses on network behavior of malware samples. Our approach employs behavioral profiles that summarize the network behavior of malware samples. The proposed approach is applied to a real world malware corpus. Our experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in classifying malware samples only based on the network activity exhibited by the samples.
Development of Front Surface, Spectral Control Filters with Greater Temperature Stability for Thermophotovoltaic Energy Conversion (2008)

Spectral control is an important consideration in achieving high conversion efficiency with thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion systems. TPV modules using front surface filters as the primary spectral control device have demonstrated conversion efficiencies in excess of 20% with power densities in excess of 0.4 W/cm{sup 2}. The front surface filter we are developing is a short pass, long wavelength reflection filter consisting of an interference filter deposited on a plasma filter. The materials used in the interference filter must exhibit high broad band transmission and good film quality and sufficient temperature stability at the operating temperature of the TPV cells and over any potential temperature excursions that may occur. Three high refractive index materials that offer good potential for use in TPV spectral control filters are antimony selenide (Sb{sub 2}Se{sub 3}), antimony sulfide (Sb{sub 2}S{sub 3}), and gallium telluride (GaTe). The highest spectral efficiency has been demonstrated using Sb{sub 2}Se{sub 3}; however this material develops significant near infrared (NIR, 0.72-2.5 {micro}m) absorption at temperatures in excess of 90 C. The other two materials are being developed as high temperature alternatives to Sb{sub 2}Se{sub 3}. TPV filters using GaTe and Sb{sub 2}S{sub 3} have been designed and fabricated, and initial results indicate that GaTe based filters are capable of operation at temperatures of 150 C or greater. Measured performance of TPV filters containing Sb{sub 2}Se{sub 3}, GaTe and Sb{sub 2}S{sub 3} are presented, along with the impact that these have on TPV module performance.
Micro image denoising algorithm based on multidirectional 1D wavelet transform (2007)

According to the characteristic of microscopic image,the two-dimensional image data is transformed into one-dimensional array data from horizontal,vertical,+diagonal line,the diagonal line and four directions,by using different threshold value on the different wavelet decomposition high frequency coefficient on the different wavelet decomposition,enhancing the processed coefficient and changing one-dimensional array data into two-dimensional image data for obtaining de-noise image after inversing wavelet transform and calculating on four two-dimensional pictures by unequal coefficient. Simulation experiment is done with microscopic image which gets from atomic force microscope.The results indicate the proposed algorithm is effective both in reserving the edge and in removing noise compared with Keesook.J. Han algorithm and improving soft-thresholded de-noised algorithm.
Ultrasound‐Assisted Anti‐Solvent Crystallization of Telmisartan Using Dimethyl Sulfoxide as Organic Solvent (2018)

Abstract In recent years, ultrasound assisted anti‐solvent crystallization has emerged as an excellent approach to reduce the particle size of poorly water‐soluble drugs, thereby achieving improvement in the solubility and bioavailability. In the present study, this concept is employed for telmisartan by studying various critical parameters like the effect of sonication time, sonication amplitude, drug solution concentration, solvent to anti‐solvent ratio, injection rate and crystallization temperature. The particle size of the commercial telmisartan is reduced from 10 µm to 200 nm by anti‐solvent crystallization method by applying 60% ultrasound amplitude for 15 min with 10 mg mL −1 drug concentration, 1:3 of solvent to anti‐solvent ratio, and 10 mL min −1 of injection rate at 30 °C. Physicochemical characteristics; morphology, crystalline structure, the presence of other chemical compounds, enthalpy change, and the melting point of a recovered drug are analyzed using various analytical tools. It is possible to achieve nanoparticles of telmisartan by symbiotic effect of sonication with anti‐solvent crystallization.
External Camera Calibration for Synchronized Multi-video Systems. (2004)

We present a camera calibration system that is simple to use and o#ers generality in the positioning of the cameras. This makes it very suitable for the calibration of mobile, synchronized camera setups. We use a camera graph to perform global registration which helps lifting restrictions on the camera setup imposed by other calibration methods. A further advantage is, that all information is taken into account at the same time. The method is based on a virtual calibration object which is constructed over time.