gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arginase inhibition by piceatannol-3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside improves endothelial dysfunction via activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in ApoE-null mice fed a high-cholesterol diet (2013)

Elevated plasma cholesterol is a hallmark of numerous cardiovascular diseases that are closely linked to endothelial dysfunction indicating decreased nitric oxide (NO) production in the endothelium. It has been previously demonstrated that piceatannol-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (PG) inhibits arginase activity and reciprocally regulates NO production. Here, we aimed to ascertain whether PG ameliorates vascular function in wild-type (WT) and atherogenic model mice [apolipoprotein E-null mice (ApoE-/-)] and to investigate the possible underlying mechanism. Preincubation of aortic vessels from WT mice fed a normal diet (ND) with PG attenuated vasoconstriction response to U46619 and phenylephrine (PE), while the vasorelaxant response to acetylcholine (Ach) was markedly enhanced in an endothelium-dependent manner. However, the endothelium-independent NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), did not change vessel reactivity. In thoracic aorta from ApoE-/- mice, a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) induced an increase in arginase activity, a decrease in NO release and an increase in reactive oxygen species generation that was reversed by treatment with PG. The effect of PG was associated with enhanced stability of the eNOS dimer and was not dependent on the expression levels of arginase II and eNOS proteins, although eNOS expression was increased in ApoE-/- mice fed an HCD. Furthermore, PG treatment attenuated the PE-dependent contractile response, and significantly improved the Ach-dependent vasorelaxation response in aortic rings from ApoE-/- mice fed an HCD. On the other hand, PG incubation neither altered the contractile response to a high K+ solution nor the relaxation response to SNP. When analyzing the L-arginine content using high-performance liquid chromatography, PG incubation increased the intracellular L-arginine concentration. PG administration in the drinking water significantly reduced fatty streak formation in ApoE-/- mice fed an HCD. These data indicate that PG improves the pathophysiology of cholesterol-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, we conclude that the development of PG as a novel effective therapy for preventing atherosclerotic diseases is warranted.
A Gln747→Pro Substitution in the IIb Subunit Is Responsible for a Moderate IIbβ3Deficiency in Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (1998)

To clarify a molecular defect responsible for moderate IIbβ3 deficiency, we examined two unrelated patients, MT and MS, suffering from type II and type I Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT), respectively. Sequence analysis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments derived from platelet mRNA showed a single A→C substitution at nucleotide (nt) 2334 leading to a Gln747→ Pro in IIb in both patients. Allele-specific restriction enzyme analysis (ASRA) of genomic DNA demonstrated that patient MT was homozygous for the Gln747→Pro substitution and patient MS was compound heterozygous for this substitution and for an RNA splice mutation at the consensus sequence of the splice acceptor site of exon 18 (AG→AA). Furthermore, ASRA showed that, among 17 unrelated Japanese GT patients, this Gln747→Pro substitution was detected in 4 patients, including MT and MS (homozygous, 2 patients; heterozygous, 2 patients). Cotransfection of Pro747IIb and β3 constructs into 293 cells resulted in moderate reduction in the amount of IIbβ3 within the transfected cells as well as on the cell surface. However, Pro747IIbβ3 bound the ligand mimetic monoclonal antibody (MoAb) PAC-1 after activation of IIbβ3 by the MoAb PT25-2, suggesting that the mutant IIbβ3 possesses the ligand-binding function. The association between the mutant proIIb and β3 was not disturbed. Surface labeling and pulse chase study showed that the Gln747→Pro substitution moderately impaired both intracellular transport of the IIbβ3 heterodimers to the Golgi apparatus and endoproteolytic cleavage of proIIb into heavy and light chains. By contrast, replacement of Gln747 with Ala by mutagenesis did not impair IIbβ3expression on the cell surface. These results suggest that the presence of Pro, rather than the absence of Gln, at amino acid residue 747 on IIb is responsible for moderate IIbβ3 deficiency. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
Tensile strength of polyester fiber estimated by molecular-chain extension prior to structure formation (2023)

The combination of laser irradiation heating and synchrotron X-ray sources has made it possible to observe the fiber-structure development that occurs at sub-millisecond timescales after necking during continuous drawing. Through wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers of three different molecular weights drawn under equivalent stresses, a good correlation was observed between the d-spacing of smectic (001') diffraction extrapolated to the necking point and the strength of the drawn fiber. This indicates that the molecular chains that bear the drawing stress also bear most of the applied stress during tensile testing of the resultant fiber. In addition, considering the drawing-stress dependence of the d-spacing and the molecular weight distribution of the fiber revealed that molecular chains with molecular weights over 23,000 g/mol bear the majority of tensile force applied to the fiber.
Dependence on laser intensity and pulse duration in proton acceleration by irradiation of ultrashort laser pulses on a Cu foil target (2005)

The dependence on laser intensity and pulse duration in energetic proton acceleration by irradiation of ultrashort laser pulses on a 5μm thick copper tape target was measured. The laser intensity was varied from 8.5×1017W∕cm2 to 1.1×1019W∕cm2, and the pulse duration from 55 fs to 400 fs. The maximum proton energy increased as the pulse duration was increased while the laser intensity was kept constant. The dependence of the maximum proton energy on laser intensity and pulse duration was in good agreement with an analytical plasma-expanding model.
ASSESSMENT OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL COATING ADHESION: COMPARISON BETWEEN INDENTATION AND SCRATCH TESTS (2014)

The adhesion of multifunctional coatings on soft substrates is of paramount importance in the tribological behavior of this important class of surface treatment. In particular, scratch and indentation tests have been extensively used in order to assess this property. In this paper, the adhesion of a-C:H diamond-like carbon films deposited on nitrided low carbon steel was evaluated by indentation and scratch tests. The coatings were produced by PECVD onto 1020 steel substrates with two different surface finishing: ground (Sq = 0.184 m) and polished (Sq = 0.002 m). Indentation tests using a Rockwell diamond indenter were conducted and the adhesion evaluated by measuring the spalling region on images obtained by using optical microscopy. The analysis of the spalling regions produced semi-quantitative results, eliminating the subjective qualitative analysis proposed by the standard method VDI 3198. In addition, scratch tests were performed using the same indenter and a comparison between the two techniques was established.
90-GHz +15 dBm high-output integrated photoreceiver driven by only photonic power supply (Conference Presentation) (2020)

We present a newly developed 90-GHz high O/E conversion efficient, high power photoreceiver for radio over fiber transmission, which is driven by photonic power supplies. The photoreceiver consisted of a hybrid integration with a 100 GHz photodetector and a 22-dB high gain RF amplifier. To save the fiber resources in the PoF system, bias-free operational design was employed for the photodetector. In the RF measurement result, we successfully achieved the high output power of +15 -dBm at 90-GHz, high linearity in RF output power against the input photo-current, and high 3dB bandwidth of 14 GHz (85-99 GHz).
Efficient red phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes with double emission layers (2008)

We demonstrate efficient red phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes with a bipolar emission structure (D-EML) formed by two different layers doped with a red phosphorescent dye. Due to its self-balancing character, the recombination zone is shifted far from the emission/carrier-blocking-layer interfaces. This prevents the accumulation of carriers at the interfaces and reduces the triplet–triplet annihilation, resulting in an improved efficiency of the D-EML device compared with the standard single-EML architecture. However, a current efficiency of 8.4 cd A−1 at 10 mA cm−2 is achieved in the D-EML device compared with 3.7 cd A−1 in the single-EML device.
Transfection Assays With Protoplasts Containing Integrated Reporter Genes (2006)

Transient expression assays with protoplasts that utilize stably integrated reporter genes along with transfected effector genes provide several advantages over assays in which both the reporter gene and effector gene(s) are transfected into protoplasts. A protocol for carrying out transient expression assays with Arabidopsis leaf mesophyll protoplasts containing single-copy integrated reporter genes is described.
On Correlation of Anisoelasticity, Angular Gain, and Temperature in Whole-Angle CVGs (2021)

In Coriolis Vibratory Gyroscopes (CVG) operating in the Whole-Angle (WA) mode, due to the presence of anisoelasticity in the mechanical structure, the oscillation pattern deviates from an ideal straight line and turns into an elliptical shape. In a conventional WA control architecture, the ellipticity is quantified using the quadrature variable, and a feedback control loop is utilized to minimize quadrature, thus compensating for anisoelasticity in the gyroscope structure. In this paper, using simulation and experimental results, we demonstrated that while a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller can be adapted as the feedback loop to suppress quadrature by several orders of magnitude, it cannot fully eliminate the ellipticity. The effect of residual quadrature on precession was numerically modeled and the corresponding angular drift and angle bias errors were characterized. The simulation results were verified through experimental data of a Micro-Electro-Mechanical (MEM) CVG. Furthermore, we modeled and evaluated the drift in angular gain due to variations in anisoelasticity. A Temperature Coefficient of Frequency (TCF) mismatch between the resonant modes, as the main mechanism causing anisoelasticity variations, was experimentally demonstrated to cause angular-gain temperature sensitivity in WA mode of operation. Our findings suggest that in the case of using a PI quadrature controller, residual quadrature and the corresponding effects on precession, including the angular-gain temperature sensitivity, can be reduced by a combination of increasing the feedback control gain and operating in a mode-matched condition. By following these two strategies, temperature sensitivity of angular gain in the MEM gyroscope was reduced by two orders of magnitude. We demonstrated an angular gain variation below 10 ppm for WA operation in a temperature range from 15 °C to 45 °C. By employing an active temperature controller, sub-ppm angular gain stability was experimentally demonstrated, realizing high-accuracy direct angle measurements for prolonged operation.
Methylated guanosine and uridine modifications in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> mRNAs modulate translation elongation (2023)

Chemical modifications to protein encoding messenger RNAs (mRNAs) influence their localization, translation, and stability within cells. Over 15 different types of mRNA modifications have been observed by sequencing and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approaches. While LC-MS/MS is arguably the most essential tool available for studying analogous protein post-translational modifications, the high-throughput discovery and quantitative characterization of mRNA modifications by LC-MS/MS has been hampered by the difficulty of obtaining sufficient quantities of pure mRNA and limited sensitivities for modified nucleosides. We have overcome these challenges by improving the mRNA purification and LC-MS/MS pipelines. The methodologies we developed result in no detectable non-coding RNA modifications signals in our purified mRNA samples, quantify 50 ribonucleosides in a single analysis, and provide the lowest limit of detection reported for ribonucleoside modification LC-MS/MS analyses. These advancements enabled the detection and quantification of 13 <i>S. cerevisiae</i> mRNA ribonucleoside modifications and reveal the presence of four new <i>S. cerevisiae</i> mRNA modifications at low to moderate levels (1-methyguanosine, <i>N</i>2-methylguanosine, <i>N</i>2,<i>N</i>2-dimethylguanosine, and 5-methyluridine). We identified four enzymes that incorporate these modifications into <i>S. cerevisiae</i> mRNAs (Trm10, Trm11, Trm1, and Trm2, respectively), though our results suggest that guanosine and uridine nucleobases are also non-enzymatically methylated at low levels. Regardless of whether they are incorporated in a programmed manner or as the result of RNA damage, we reasoned that the ribosome will encounter the modifications that we detect in cells. To evaluate this possibility, we used a reconstituted translation system to investigate the consequences of modifications on translation elongation. Our findings demonstrate that the introduction of 1-methyguanosine, <i>N</i>2-methylguanosine and 5-methyluridine into mRNA codons impedes amino acid addition in a position dependent manner. This work expands the repertoire of nucleoside modifications that the ribosome must decode in <i>S. cerevisiae.</i> Additionally, it highlights the challenge of predicting the effect of discrete modified mRNA sites on translation <i>de novo</i> because individual modifications influence translation differently depending on mRNA sequence context.
Introduction to Cellulosic Energy Crops (2014)

Plants have evolved three photosynthetic pathways, two of which are the C3 and C4 pathways. The energy crops discussed in Cellulosic Energy Cropping Systems, have either a C3 or C4 photosynthetic pathway. These crops include wheat straw, eucalyptus, miscanthus, switchgrass and sugarcane. In assessing the suitability of a biomass feedstock for a given conversion process, several material properties are important to consider, including: (i) moisture content; (ii) energy density; (iii) fixed carbon/volatile matter ratio; (iv) ash content; (v) alkali metal content; and (vi) carbohydrate/lignin ratio. The energy crops should have few inputs and low production costs, and should be easily establishable, having long life spans with low fertilizer, pesticide, and insecticide requirements. Cellulosic biomass energy potentially offers many environmental benefits that contribute to its sustainability.
Protein kinase A inhibition induces EPAC-dependent acrosomal exocytosis in human sperm (2019)

To interact with the egg, the spermatozoon must undergo several biochemical and motility modifications in the female reproductive tract, collectively called capacitation. Only capacitated sperm can undergo acrosomal exocytosis, near or on the egg, a process that allows the sperm to penetrate and fertilize the egg. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent processes on acrosomal exocytosis. Inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) at the end of capacitation induced acrosomal exocytosis. This process is cAMP-dependent; however, the addition of relatively high concentration of the membrane-permeable 8-bromo-cAMP (8Br-cAMP, 0.1 mmol l<sup>-1</sup>) analog induced significant inhibition of the acrosomal exocytosis. The induction of acrosomal exocytosis by PKA inhibition was significantly inhibited by an exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) ESI09 inhibitor. The EPAC selective substrate activated AE at relatively low concentrations (0.02-0.1 μmol l<sup>-1</sup>), whereas higher concentrations (>5 μmol l<sup>-1</sup>) were inhibitory to the AE induced by PKA inhibition. Inhibition of PKA revealed about 50% increase in intracellular cAMP levels, conditions under which EPAC can be activated to induce the AE. Induction of AE by activating the actin severing-protein, gelsolin, which causes F-actin dispersion, was inhibited by the EPAC inhibitor. The AE induced by PKA inhibition was mediated by phospholipase C activity but not by the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-channel, CatSper. Thus, inhibition of PKA at the end of the capacitation process induced EPAC/phospholipase C-dependent acrosomal exocytosis. EPAC mediates F-actin depolymerization and/or activation of effectors downstream to F-actin breakdown that lead to acrosomal exocytosis.
Impact of the Energy Landscape on the Ionic Transport of Disordered Rocksalt Cathodes (2023)

Traditional approaches to identify ion-transport pathways often presume equal probability of occupying all hopping sites and focus entirely on finding the lowest migration barrier channels between them. Although this strategy has been applied successfully to solid-state Li battery materials, which historically have mostly been ordered frameworks, in the emerging class of disordered electrode materials some Li-sites can be significantly more stable than others due to a varied distribution of transition metal (TM) environments. Using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, we show that in such cation-disordered compounds only a fraction of the Li-sites connected by the so-called low-barrier ``0-TM" channels actually participate in Li-diffusion. The Li-diffusion behavior through these sites, which are determined primarily by the voltage applied during Li-extraction, can be captured using an effective migration barrier larger than that of the 0-TM barrier itself. The suppressed percolation due to cation disorder can decrease the ionic diffusion coefficient at room temperature by over 2 orders of magnitude.
Human–Mouse Gene Identification by Comparative Evidence Integration and Evolutionary Analysis (2003)

The identification of genes in the human genome remains a challenge, as the actual predictions appear to disagree tremendously and vary dramatically on the basis of the specific gene-finding methodology used. Because the pattern of conservation in coding regions is expected to be different from intronic or intergenic regions, a comparative computational analysis can lead, in principle, to an improved computational identification of genes in the human genome by using a reference, such as mouse genome. However, this comparative methodology critically depends on three important factors: (1) the selection of the most appropriate reference genome. In particular, it is not clear whether the mouse is at the correct evolutionary distance from the human to provide sufficiently distinctive conservation levels in different genomic regions, (2) the selection of comparative features that provide the most benefit to gene recognition, and (3) the selection of evidence integration architecture that effectively interprets the comparative features. We address the first question by a novel evolutionary analysis that allows us to explicitly correlate the performance of the gene recognition system with the evolutionary distance (time) between the two genomes. Our simulation results indicate that there is a wide range of reference genomes at different evolutionary time points that appear to deliver reasonable comparative prediction of human genes. In particular, the evolutionary time between human and mouse generally falls in the region of good performance; however, better accuracy might be achieved with a reference genome further than mouse. To address the second question, we propose several natural comparative measures of conservation for identifying exons and exon boundaries. Finally, we experiment with Bayesian networks for the integration of comparative and compositional evidence.
Stator Design for an Axial Flux PM Motor Using Straight Teeth Core with Distributed Winding (2022)

An axial flux (or axial gap) permanent magnet (PM) motor with 48-slot/8-pole distributed winding has been developed for electric motorcycle applications. The stator core includes 48 radially laminated straight core teeth inserted into the axially laminated back yoke. The designed stator has two-layer overlapped short-pitch distributed winding arrangement to generated 8-pole field with 8 turns per slot. One simple punching die is required for the stator teeth core, and the stator back yoke core can be separately made. Hence, this stator can be easily assembled and leads to cost reduction. The rotor has surface-mounted separated PM structure with a ring-shaped back iron. A prototype with single-statorl/single-rotor configuration was made and tested. The maximum speed was 5000 rpm with 48 Vdc with field weakening control. The maximum output and torque were 11 kW at 3000 rpm and 39 Nm, respectively, with a phase current of 240 A. The maximum efficiency was 93.6 %.
Fractionation of Industrial Softwood Kraft Lignin: Solvent Selection as a Tool for Tailored Material Properties (2016)

A simple approach for the fractionation of industrial softwood kraft lignin is presented in this work aimed at predictively obtaining readily usable lignin fractions with tailored material properties in a straightforward manner. This method is based on the use of three distinct solvents of different chemical nature to isolate soluble and insoluble fractions from the parent lignin by a single-step extraction process. A thorough characterization of the soluble and insoluble lignin fractions highlighted a direct correlation between the chemical–physical characteristics of the extraction solvent and the final properties of the recovered materials. In particular, hydrogen bonding interactions between solvent and lignin were demonstrated to play a major role in the extraction process, controlling to a great extent the final materials properties. The results of this study give a clear demonstration of a straightforward approach to access easily lignin fractions with well-defined characteristics and provide strong evidence of the direct correlation between solvent characteristics and properties of the extracted materials as predictive tool for the development of high-performance lignin-based systems.
Imaging with reconfigurable active acoustic metamaterials (2015)

We present a design procedure to obtain active metamaterial structures that cover a large range of linear and non-linear acoustic responses, and whose flexibility makes it suitable to numerous applications. The presentation will briefly outline the types of material properties enabled, and then focus on the potential of this approach to various imaging applications. The design method is illustrated experimentally using a very thin metamaterial slab whose functionality is set electronically. This ensures that multiple imaging techniques can be demonstrated using the same physical slab by simply swapping the electronic modules that determine the metamaterial behavior. Using this method, we implement a thin acoustic lens whose focal length can be controlled at will. In addition, we show how time reversal imaging techniques can be implemented in real-time and in a continuous manner. Finally, the slab is configured to act as an acoustic multiplexer that takes sound incident from multiple directions and funnels it in exactly one direction.