gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From hepatocytes to stem and progenitor cells for liver regenerative medicine: advances and clinical perspectives (2011)

The parenchymal liver cell is a unique fully functional metabolic unit that can be used for liver regenerative medicine to restore function of the diseased organ; the aim of the procedure is to prevent progression of end-stage disease. The alternative, orthotopic liver transplantation, is highly intrusive, irreversible and limited by general organ shortage. Mature liver cell - hepatocyte - transplantation has been shown to have short- to medium-term efficacy for correction of miscellaneous inborn errors of metabolism. However, although proof of concept has been established, the procedure has not yet achieved full success, due to limited durability of functional benefit. Hepatocyte procurement is also restricted by organ shortage, and their storage is difficult due to poor tolerance of cryopreservation. Alternative cell sources are therefore needed for development and wider accessibility of cell-based liver regenerative medicine. Besides safety, the main challenge for these alternative cells is to acquire similar levels of functionality once implanted into the target organ. In this respect, liver derived progenitor cells may have some advantages over stem cells derived from other tissues.
High-Frequency Ultrasound Tissue Classification of Atherosclerotic Plaques in an APOE-KO Mouse Model Using Spectral Analysis (2009)

Small animal models have been widely used in cardiovascular research when studying the development and treatment of different diseases. This kind of research has promoted the development of noninvasive techniques to assess cardiac tissue and blood vessels of small animals. Recently, we have developed a high-frequency ultrasound imaging system for small animals, in particular, mouse and rat models. In this work, we aim to elucidate the usefulness of using spectral analysis of the received radiofrequency (RF) ultrasound signals to extract quantitative parameters to assess mechanical properties of cardiac and vascular tissues. A custom system that employs high-frequency single-element ultrasound transducers (30–120 MHz) is used for scanning. Various signal and image processing techniques are applied on the received ultrasound signals to reconstruct high resolution B-mode and spectral images. In vitro imaging of isolated heart and vessels of APOE-KO “knock-out” mouse model with atherosclerosis was performed. Power spectral densities (PSD) of RF signals were evaluated within various regions of interests (ROI) including degassed water, normal cardiac tissue, and cardiac tissue with atheroma. Various parameters were extracted from the power spectrum such as the maximum power (Pmax), the frequency at maximum power (Fpeak), and the variance of power spectrum (Pvar). Results of the preliminary spectral analysis indicated larger values for the Pmax, Fpeak, and Pvar parameters for ROI contains atheroma than other regions. For example using the envelop data, the normalized maximum power (Pmax) value for cardiac tissue with atheroma was 0.0 ± 0.789 (dB), whereas for normal tissues it was about −13.71± 0.267 (dB). These results suggest the use spectral images as a quantitative method when assessing mouse hearts and blood vessels noninvasively.
Applying language translation at a global enterprise level (2012)

In 2007 we presented a paper that described the application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Machine Translation (MT) for the automated translation of process build instructions from English to other languages to support Ford's assembly plants in non-English speaking countries. This project has continued to evolve with the addition of new languages and improvements to the translation process. However, we discovered that there was a large demand for automated language translation across all of Ford Motor Company and we decided to expand the scope of our project to address these requirements. This paper will describe our efforts to meet all of Ford's internal translation requirements with AI and MT technology and focus on the challenges and lessons that we learned from applying advanced technology across an entire corporation.
Few-Layer Graphene Island Seeding for Dendrite-Free Li Metal Electrodes (2016)

Li metal batteries such as Li-air and Li-S systems have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers because of their high energy densities, which are enhanced by the use of Li metal negative electrodes. However, poor cycle efficiency and safety concerns, which are mainly related to dendritic Li growth during cycling, need to be addressed. Here we propose a solution to the Li dendrite problems. We distributed chemically prepared nitrogen-doped few-layer graphene (N-FLG) sheets on Cu substrates to create island structures. The island-type FLG on the Cu electrode was prepared via spin-coating using slurries that included a polymer binder. When the electrode was used for Li deposition, Li ions were first inserted into the graphene layers. Then, Li metal nucleation occurred at the N-FLG sheets owing to their high electrical conductivity; meanwhile, an insulating polymer layer on the Cu prevented the growth of metallic Li there. Lastly, Li metal grew from the edges of N-FLG sheets in both the lateral and vertical direction, and Li metal deposits filled the gaps between the N-FLG islands as well as covering the remainder of the electrode surface. Thus, stable cycling with flat voltage profiles was demonstrated over 100 cycles at a current density of 2 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>. The materials and electrochemical characterization results highlight the effectiveness of this method, which paves the way for the development of robust, dendrite-free Li metal electrodes.
Views on the future fluid handling systems, results of Finnish Efficient Energy Use research program (2016)

Efficient Energy Use (EFEU) research program was founded in 2011 to assess industry-level problems in energy efficiency in Finland and is now being finalized. EFEU’s research focus has all the time been in improving fluid handling systems with systems-level approach through advanced control methods and also by developing next-generation equipment, such as pumps, agitators and pulpers for the paper industry. A distinctive characteristic of the EFEU program is the close co-operation between universities and equipment manufacturers to realize new systems-level results instead of just focusing on individual devices. &#13;\n&#13;\nThis report summarizes existing commercial and state-of-the-art designs for fluid handling systems, main outcomes of the EFEU research program related to fluid handling systems and eventually conducted interviews on future fluid handling systems concerning their technical characteristics and role in the digitalized, service-related world.
Forced-Air-Cooled 10 kW Three-Phase SiC Inverter with Output Power Density of More than 20 kW/L (2011)

A forced-air-cooled three-phase inverter built with SiC-JFETs and -SBDs as power semi-conductor devices was designed and fabricated. The inverter can operate steadily at a rated power of 10 kW in a junction temperature range up to 200°C. Output power density of more than 20 kW/L was achieved. The design specifications, the power module fabrication process, the results of a high-temperature operating test and a continuous switching test are described in turn.
A unique peptide-based pharmacophore identifies an inhibitory compound against the A-subunit of Shiga toxin (2022)

Shiga toxin (Stx), a major virulence factor of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), can cause fatal systemic complications. Recently, we identified a potent inhibitory peptide that binds to the catalytic A-subunit of Stx. Here, using biochemical structural analysis and X-ray crystallography, we determined a minimal essential peptide motif that occupies the catalytic cavity and is required for binding to the A-subunit of Stx2a, a highly virulent Stx subtype. Molecular dynamics simulations also identified the same motif and allowed determination of a unique pharmacophore for A-subunit binding. Notably, a series of synthetic peptides containing the motif efficiently inhibit Stx2a. In addition, pharmacophore screening and subsequent docking simulations ultimately identified nine Stx2a-interacting molecules out of a chemical compound database consisting of over 7,400,000 molecules. Critically, one of these molecules markedly inhibits Stx2a both in vitro and in vivo, clearly demonstrating the significance of the pharmacophore for identifying therapeutic agents against EHEC infection.
Corrosion Behavior of Various 13 Chromium Tubulars in Acid Stimulation Fluids (2004)

Abstract The oil industry has used 13 Chromium (13Cr) materials in oil and gas wells for many years. As wells are drilled deeper, the production environments become more aggressive, primarily due to high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, and sweet/sour gas production. These conditions present a challenge to tubular products. To meet industry demands, the tubular manufacturers have developed various chemically enhanced 13Cr materials for these applications. These tubular materials also challenge the corrosion inhibitor technology applied in acid stimulation fluids. There are many publications related to acidizing wells completed with 13Cr tubulars; however, regarding corrosion behavior of enhanced 13Cr materials in stimulation fluids, very little information has been published. This paper presents results of acid corrosion tests performed on various 13Cr samples from two manufacturers at temperatures from 180°F to 312°F (82-156ºC) and from 6 to 30 hours of exposure. In addition, the acids were varied from acetic acid and hydrochloric acid to systems with hydrofluoric acid. The 13Cr samples ranged in yield strength from 85 to 110 ksi. Results indicate that corrosion behavior of enhanced 13Cr in acids can be completely different from that of 13Cr depending on an inhibitor package applied, and that strength of the material plays a significant role in corrosion behavior. Also, the data shows that some inhibitor packages typically used for 13Cr do not provide adequate corrosion protection on enhanced 13Cr materials.
Self‐Assembled Hydrogel Fiber Bundles from Oppositely Charged Polyelectrolytes Mimic Micro‐/Nanoscale Hierarchy of Collagen (2017)

Fiber bundles are present in many tissues throughout the body. In most cases, collagen subunits spontaneously self-assemble into a fibrilar structure that provides ductility to bone and constitutes the basis of muscle contraction. Translating these natural architectural features into a biomimetic scaffold still remains a great challenge. Here, we propose a simple strategy to engineer biomimetic fiber bundles that replicate the self-assembly and hierarchy of natural collagen fibers. The electrostatic interaction of methacrylated gellan gum (MeGG) with a countercharged chitosan (CHT) polymer led to the complexation of the polyelectrolytes. When directed through a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel, the polyelectrolytes formed a hierarchical fibrous hydrogel demonstrating nano-scale periodic light/dark bands similar to D-periodic bands in native collagen and aligned parallel fibrils at micro-scale. Importantly, collagen-mimicking hydrogel fibers exhibited robust mechanical properties (MPa scale) at a single fiber bundle level and enabled encapsulation of cells inside the fibers under cell-friendly mild conditions. Presence of carboxyl- (in gellan gum) or amino- (in chitosan) functionalities further enabled controlled peptide functionalization such as RGD for biochemical mimicry (cell adhesion sites) of native collagen. This biomimetic aligned fibrous hydrogel system can potentially be used as a scaffold for tissue engineering as well as a drug/gene delivery vehicle.
Integrated Bayesian multi-cue tracker for objects observed from moving cameras (2008)

This paper describes an approach to tracking multiple independently moving objects observed from moving cameras. The method addresses difficulties typically associated with tracking, including changes in background, parallax in the scene, arbitrary camera motion, object occlusions, cross-overs, and appearance changes. Using a bottom up approach, independently moving objects are detected in images acquired from a camera in free motion. These object detection results are then used in a top down particle filter framework to generate and evaluate object hypotheses. Integrating bottom up and top down approaches leads to more robust object detection, an improved object representation, and more effective generation and evaluation of target hypotheses. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach on real image sequences taken from hand-held cameras and from PETS 2005 dataset.
Supplemental Figure 1 from PD-L1 microSPECT/CT Imaging for Longitudinal Monitoring of PD-L1 Expression in Syngeneic and Humanized Mouse Models for Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1&lt;/p&gt;
Ratio of Monocytes to Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood Identifies Adults at Risk of Incident Tuberculosis Among HIV-Infected Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy (2013)

Background. Eight decades ago, the ratio of monocytes to lymphocytes (hereafter, the “ML ratio”) was noted to affect outcomes of mycobacterial infection in rabbits. Recent transcriptomic studies support a role for relative proportions of myeloid and lymphoid transcripts in tuberculosis outcomes. The ML ratio in peripheral blood is known to be governed by hematopoietic stem cells with distinct biases. Methods. The predictive value of the baseline ML ratio was modeled in 2 prospective cohorts of HIV-infected adults starting cART in South Africa (primary cohort, 1862 participants; replication cohort, 345 participants). Incident tuberculosis was diagnosed with clinical, radiographic, and microbiologic methods per contemporary guidelines. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and Cox proportional hazards modeling were conducted. Results. The incidence rate of tuberculosis differed significantly by baseline ML ratio: 32.61 (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.38–61.54), 16.36 (95% CI, 12.39–21.23), and 51.80 (95% CI, 23.10–101.71) per 1000 patient-years for ML ratios of less than the 5th percentile, between the 5th and 95th percentiles, and greater than the 95th percentile, respectively (P = .007). Neither monocyte counts nor lymphocyte counts alone were associated with tuberculosis. After adjustment for sex, World Health Organization human immunodeficiency virus disease stage, CD4+ T-cell counts, and previous history of tuberculosis, hazards of disease were significantly higher for patients with ML ratios of less than the 5th percentile or greater than the 95th percentile (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.47; 95% CI, 1.39–4.40; P = .002). Conclusions. The ML ratio may be a useful, readily available tool to stratify the risk of tuberculosis and suggests involvement of hematopoietic stem cell bias in tuberculosis pathogenesis.
The Food and Drug Administration is Now Preparing to Establish Tighter Performance Requirements for Blood Glucose Monitors (2010)

On March 16 and 17, 2010, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) presented a public meeting about blood glucose monitoring at the Gaithersberg Hilton Hotel. The meeting was intended to present expert opinions and solicit input from the public about whether to develop new regulatory policies for blood glucose monitors. The meeting was divided into three sections: (1) Clinical Accuracy Requirements for Blood Glucose Monitors, (2) Interferences and Limitations of Blood Glucose Monitors, and (3) Tight Glycemic Control. Many officials from the Center for Devices and Radiologic Health and the Office of In Vitro Diagnostic Devices, which are the parts of FDA that regulate approval of blood glucose monitors, either spoke on the agenda or attended in the audience. Approximately 300 people attended; they were mostly clinicians (such as adult endocrinologists, pediatric endocrinologists, internists, clinical chemists, intensivists, surgeons, nurses, and diabetes educators) or industry officials from companies involved in glucose monitoring, pharmaceutical products, data analysis, or regulatory consulting.
SAP (2017)

The dramatic growth of cellular video traffic represents a practical challenge for cellular network operators in providing a consistent streaming Quality of Experience (QoE) to their users. Satisfying this objective has so-far proved elusive, due to the inherent system complexities that degrade streaming performance, such as variability in both video bitrate and network conditions. In this paper, we present SAP as a DASH video traffic management solution that reduces playback stalls and seeks to maintain a consistent QoE for cellular users, even those with diverse channel conditions. SAP achieves this by leveraging both network and client state information to optimize the pacing of individual video flows. We extensively evaluate SAP performance using real video content and clients, operating over a simulated LTE network. We implement state-of-the-art client adaptation and traffic management strategies for direct comparison. Our results, using a heavily loaded base station, show that SAP reduces the number of stalls and the average stall duration per session by up to 95%. Additionally, SAP ensures that clients with good channel conditions do not dominate available wireless resources, evidenced by a reduction of up to 40% in the standard deviation of the QoE metric.
Rat Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lens Model: Effects of High- Versus Low-Dk Lens Wear (2008)

Low- versus high-Dk or non-CL wear led to an increased number of conjunctival LC, decreased Bcl-2 levels, and increased the risk of bacterial infection.
Bandit Exploration (2008)

We consider the framework of stochastic multi-armed bandit problems and study the possibilities and limitations of forecasters that perform an on-line exploration of the arms. These forecasters are assessed in terms of their simple regret, a regret notion that captures the fact that exploration is only constrained by the number of available rounds (not necessarily known in advance), in contrast to the case when the cumulative regret is considered and when exploitation needs to be performed at the same time. We believe that this performance criterion is suited to situations when the cost of pulling an arm is expressed in terms of resources rather than rewards. We discuss the links between the simple and the cumulative regret. One of the main results in the case of a finite number of arms is a general lower bound on the simple regret of a forecaster in terms of its cumulative regret: the smaller the latter, the larger the former. Keeping this result in mind, we then exhibit upper bounds on the simple regret of some forecasters. The paper ends with a study devoted to continuous-armed bandit problems; we show that the simple regret can be minimized with respect to a family of probability distributions if and only if the cumulative regret can be minimized for it. Based on this equivalence, we are able to prove that the separable metric spaces are exactly the metric spaces on which these regrets can be minimized with respect to the family of all probability distributions with continuous mean-payoff functions.
Phase-Amplitude Coupling of Neural Oscillations can be Effectively Probed with Concurrent TMS-EEG (2018)

Abstract Despite the widespread use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), knowledge of its neurophysiological mode of action is still incomplete. Recently, TMS has been proposed to synchronise neural oscillators, and to thereby increase the detectability of corresponding oscillations at the population level. As oscillations in the human brain are known to interact within nested hierarchies via phase-amplitude coupling, TMS might also be able to increase the macroscopic detectability of such coupling. In a concurrent TMS-electroencephalography study, we therefore examined the technique’s influence on theta-gamma, alpha-gamma and beta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling by delivering single-pulse TMS (sTMS) and repetitive TMS (rTMS) over the left motor cortex and right visual cortex of healthy participants. The rTMS pulse trains were of 5 Hz, 11 Hz and 23 Hz for the three coupling variations, respectively. Relative to sham stimulation, all conditions showed transient but significant increases in phase-amplitude coupling at the stimulation site. In addition, we observed enhanced coupling over various other cortical sites, with a more extensive propagation during rTMS than during sTMS. By indicating that scalp-recorded phase-amplitude coupling can be effectively probed with TMS, these findings open the door to the technique’s application in manipulative dissections of such coupling during human cognition and behaviour in healthy and pathological conditions.
Matter–wave interference of particles selected from a molecular library with masses exceeding 10 000 amu (2013)

The quantum superposition principle, a key distinction between quantum physics and classical mechanics, is often perceived as a philosophical challenge to our concepts of reality, locality or space-time since it contrasts with our intuitive expectations with experimental observations on isolated quantum systems. While we are used to associating the notion of localization with massive bodies, quantum physics teaches us that every individual object is associated with a wave function that may eventually delocalize by far more than the body's own extension. Numerous experiments have verified this concept at the microscopic scale but intuition wavers when it comes to delocalization experiments with complex objects. While quantum science is the uncontested ideal of a physical theory, one may ask if the superposition principle can persist on all complexity scales. This motivates matter-wave diffraction and interference studies with large compounds in a three-grating interferometer configuration which also necessitates the preparation of high-mass nanoparticle beams at low velocities. Here we demonstrate how synthetic chemistry allows us to prepare libraries of fluorous porphyrins which can be tailored to exhibit high mass, good thermal stability and relatively low polarizability, which allows us to form slow thermal beams of these high-mass compounds, which can be detected using electron ionization mass spectrometry. We present successful superposition experiments with selected species from these molecular libraries in a quantum interferometer, which utilizes the diffraction of matter-waves at an optical phase grating. We observe high-contrast quantum fringe patterns of molecules exceeding a mass of 10,000 amu and having 810 atoms in a single particle.
Interplay Between Age, Cerebral Small Vessel Disease, Parenchymal Amyloid-β, and Tau Pathology: Longitudinal Studies in Hypertensive Stroke-Prone Rats (2014)

We demonstrate that in a hypertensive rat model that displays features of CSVD from 12 weeks, there is an age-dependent extracellular deposition of Aβ observed from 20 weeks onwards, increased AβPP expression at 20 weeks and ptau accumulation from 26 weeks on. This study suggests that CSVD associated with hypertension results in an age-related failure of Aβ clearance, increase in AβPP expression, and intraneuronal tau hyperphosphorylation.
Contribution of <i>dppA</i> to Urease Activity in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> 26695 (2005)

DppA does not contribute to the synthesis of catalytically active urease in H. pylori 26695 and is likely not a nickel importer in H. pylori.