gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unkonventionelle Therapien bei Krebserkrankungen im Kindesalter: Richtlinien zur Abgrenzung unbedenklicher von schädlichen Behandlungsmethoden: Ein Bericht der SIOP-Arbeitsgruppe für Psychosoziale Fragen in der Pädiatrischen Onkologie (2004)

This is the 11th official document of the SIOP Working Committee on Psychosocial Issues in Pediatric Oncology, instituted in 1991. There is a tendency for some physicians to make blanket statements against the use of non-proven, nonconventional therapies, even when these therapies are not harmful. There is an equal and opposite tendency on the part of many parents to do all that they possibly can for their children, including using any non-conventional therapy they feel might do some good. The health care team must open a healthy dialogue with parents that will lead to a clear distinction between those complementary therapies that are harmful and those that are not, indeed, might even be helpful psychologically if not therapeutically.
Explainable AI in 6G O-RAN: A Tutorial and Survey on Architecture, Use Cases, Challenges, and Future Research (2023)

The recent O-RAN specifications promote the evolution of RAN architecture by function disaggregation, adoption of open interfaces, and instantiation of a hierarchical closed-loop control architecture managed by RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) entities. This paves the road to novel data-driven network management approaches based on programmable logic. Aided by Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML), novel solutions targeting traditionally unsolved RAN management issues can be devised. Nevertheless, the adoption of such smart and autonomous systems is limited by the current inability of human operators to understand the decision process of such AI/ML solutions, affecting their trust in such novel tools. eXplainable AI (XAI) aims at solving this issue, enabling human users to better understand and effectively manage the emerging generation of artificially intelligent schemes, reducing the human-to-machine barrier. In this survey, we provide a summary of the XAI methods and metrics before studying their deployment over the O-RAN Alliance RAN architecture along with its main building blocks. We then present various use cases and discuss the automation of XAI pipelines for O-RAN as well as the underlying security aspects. We also review some projects/standards that tackle this area. Finally, we identify different challenges and research directions that may arise from the heavy adoption of AI/ML decision entities in this context, focusing on how XAI can help to interpret, understand, and improve trust in O-RAN operational networks.
On the consistency of the G-MUSIC DoA estimator (2011)

Recently, a new subspace DoA estimation method (called "G-MUSIC") has been proposed, in the context where the number of available snapshots N is of the same order of magnitude than the number of sensors M. In this context, the traditional subspace methods tend to fail because the empirical covari-ance matrix of the observations is a poor estimate of the true covariance matrix. G-MUSIC is based on a new consistent estimator of the localization function in the regime where M and N tend to +∞ at the same rate. However, the consistency of the DoA estimator was not adressed. The purpose of this paper is to prove the consistency of the angles estimator in the previous asymptotic regime.
Effects of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles on Sclerotium-Forming Phytopathogenic Fungi (2009)

Effects of silver nanoparticles on the phytopathogenic fungal growth were investigated. Fungal phytopathogens, especially for sclerotium-forming species Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor, were selected due to their important roles in survival and disease cycle. Tests for the fungal hyphal growth revealed that silver nanoparticles remarkably inhibit the hyphal growth in a dose-dependent manner. Different antimicrobial efficiency of the silver nanoparticle was observed among the fungi on their hyphal growth in the following order, R. solani > S. sclerotiorum > S. minor. Tests for the sclerotial germination growth revealed that the nanoparticles showed significant inhibition effectiveness. In particular, the sclerotial germination growth of S. sclerotiorum was most effectively inhibited at low concentrations of silver nanoparticles. A microscopic observation revealed that hyphae exposed to silver nanoparticles were severely damaged, resulting in the separation of layers of hyphal wall and collapse of hyphae. This study suggests the possibility to use silver nanoparticles as an alternative to pesticides for scleotium-forming phytopathogenic fungal controls.
Mast‐cell‐deficient W/W<sup>v</sup> mice exhibit A decreased rate of tumor angiogenesis (1988)

The role of host mast cells in tumor-associated angiogenesis was investigated by comparing the angiogenic response of genetically mast-cell-deficient W/Wv mice and mast-cell-sufficient +/+ littermate mice to s.c. growing B16-BL6 tumors. The angiogenic response was found to be slower and initially less intense in W/Wv mice than in +/+ mice. Fewer W/Wv mice than +/+ mice developed spontaneous lung metastases and W/Wv mice exhibited fewer lung metastases per mouse. Bone-marrow repair of the mast-cell deficiency restored the angiogenic response of W/Wv mice and also restored the incidence of hematogenous metastases to approach that of +/+ mice. Differences in lymphatic metastasis were not detected between W/Wv and +/+ mice. These results demonstrate a role for mast cells in vivo during tumor angiogenesis, and suggest a role also for host mast cells in hematogenous metastasis.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is central to the initiation and propagation of human angiomyolipoma, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target (2017)

Angiomyolipoma (AML), the most common benign renal tumor, can result in severe morbidity from hemorrhage and renal failure. While mTORC1 activation is involved in its growth, mTORC1 inhibitors fail to eradicate AML, highlighting the need for new therapies. Moreover, the identity of the AML cell of origin is obscure. AML research, however, is hampered by the lack of <i>in vivo</i> models. Here, we establish a human AML-xenograft (Xn) model in mice, recapitulating AML at the histological and molecular levels. Microarray analysis demonstrated tumor growth <i>in vivo</i> to involve robust PPARγ-pathway activation. Similarly, immunostaining revealed strong PPARγ expression in human AML specimens. Accordingly, we demonstrate that while PPARγ agonism accelerates AML growth, PPARγ antagonism is inhibitory, strongly suppressing AML proliferation and tumor-initiating capacity, via a TGFB-mediated inhibition of PDGFB and CTGF. Finally, we show striking similarity between AML cell lines and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in terms of antigen and gene expression and differentiation potential. Altogether, we establish the first <i>in vivo</i> human AML model, which provides evidence that AML may originate in a PPARγ-activated renal MSC lineage that is skewed toward adipocytes and smooth muscle and away from osteoblasts, and uncover PPARγ as a regulator of AML growth, which could serve as an attractive therapeutic target.
Low-Pressure Nanofiltration Hollow Fiber Membranes for Effective Fractionation of Dyes and Inorganic Salts in Textile Wastewater (2018)

In this work, novel loose nanofiltration (NF) hollow fiber membranes with ultrahigh water permeability and well-defined nanopore and surface charge characteristics were developed for effective fractionation of dyes and inorganic salts in textile wastewater treatment. The as-spun NF hollow fiber possesses a high pure water permeability (PWP) of 80 L·m<sup>-2</sup>·h<sup>-1</sup>·bar<sup>-1</sup> with a small pore size of 1.0 nm in diameter and a MWCO of 1000 Da. The surface modification by means of hyperbranched polyethylenimine (PEI) further lowers the pore diameter to 0.85 nm and MWCO to 680 Da. The membrane surface also becomes more hydrophilic and positively charged after the PEI modification. Because of the synergistic effects from size exclusion and charge repulsion, the newly developed NF hollow fibers show high permeation fluxes of 7.0-71.2 L·m<sup>-2</sup>·h<sup>-1</sup> and great rejections of 95.5-99.9% to various dyes at a low operating pressure of 1 bar. At the same time, they have ultralow rejections of less than 10% to inorganic salts (i.e., Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>), suggesting that more than 90% of the salts would permeate through the fibers. In addition, the two hollow fibers exhibit outstanding performance stability, low fouling tendency, and great fouling reversibility. Their fluxes can be brought back to be more than 80% of the original values by a simple physical backwash. The newly developed loose NF hollow fiber membranes may have great potential for effective fractionation and treatment of textile wastewater.
Solution-processable naphthalene and phenyl substituted carbazole core based hole transporting materials for efficient organic light-emitting diodes (2017)

Solution-processable molecular hole transporting materials (HTMs) are crucial to realize inexpensive fabrication of energy-efficient and large area organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) for next-generation displays and lighting.
Abstract 15101: Return-to-Work for Patients in High-Risk Professions Diagnosed With a Sudden Death-Predisposing Genetic Heart Disease (2022)

Introduction: Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and death (SCD) are the most serious sequelae of many genetic heart diseases (GHDs). Increased awareness of this has led to increased detection in employment screenings. For patients in high-risk jobs, premature and potentially unnecessary termination from their profession, rather than “Return-to-Work (RTW),” has become an undesired consequence of this awareness. The objective of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of patients with GHDs in high-risk professions who were allowed to RTW. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 3,641 working-age patients referred for evaluation of a potential GHD between 6/2000-12/2021 to identify those either in or being recruited into a high-risk profession. A profession was defined as “high-risk” if it is safety-sensitive or required regular medical evaluations. Charts were reviewed for medical history, RTW decision making, and breakthrough cardiac events (BCEs). Results: Overall, 33 patients [(0.9%); 3 females (9%); mean age at diagnosis 25 ± 15 years] had been either put on hold from their high-risk job (n = 15; 45%) or disqualified as a recruit (18; 55%) prior to our evaluation due to their GHD diagnosis. This included 15 military, 10 pilots, 6 law enforcement and first responders, and 2 commercial driver license professionals and recruits. Most patients were diagnosed with Long QT syndrome (n = 23; 70%). After treatment initiation, 14 (93%) professionals and 16 (89%) recruits received physician RTW approval while 3 (9%) patients did not receive RTW approval due to disease severity and/or unwillingness to initiate treatment. Of the remaining 14 professionals that received physician RTW approval, 4 (29%) were not allowed to return to their jobs, while 14/16 recruits (88%) were not permitted to start their career. None of the RTW-approved patients had a BCE after evaluation (160.7 follow-up years). Conclusions: Patients with GHDs in high-risk professions are often terminated due to perceived SCA/SCD risk. However, within our small cohort, the risk of BCEs in optimally treated patients was low. This data suggests that the certification process of individuals in these high-risk and safety-sensitive occupations should be further examined and potentially modified.
Surface modification for silicon anodes (2021)

Chapter Contents: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Materials and techniques for surface modification 9.2.1 Carbonaceous material coatings 9.2.1.1 Carbon coatings via pyrolysis of polymers 9.2.1.2 Carbon coating via chemical vapor deposition 9.2.1.3 Effects of carbon coating on conductivity and SEI composition 9.2.2 Si-metal alloy modification 9.2.2.1 Si-metal as a Li-active material 9.2.2.2 Si as a Li-active material 9.2.3 Surface modification via ALD and MLD 9.2.3.1 Introduction 9.2.3.2 Surface modifications via MLD on Si-based anodes 9.2.4 In situ Li–M–Si phase formation using additional salt References
Merging bands of polarization convertors by suppressing Fano resonance (2018)

In this letter, we propose to extend the bandwidth of polarization conversion (PC) by merging the bands of different polarization converters. Intuitively, it is quite natural that the bands of two polarization converters be merged if they are close enough. Unfortunately, there is always a narrow band with low efficiency between the two bands, which results from Fano resonance. We establish a theoretical model to analyze the underlying mechanism of the Fano resonance. We find that the Fano resonance can be suppressed by reducing the resonant frequency of the converter operating at a higher frequency band. In this way, the anti-symmetric surface current can be eliminated and the two PC bands can be merged as a wide band. We designed, fabricated, and measured a prototype. Both the simulation and experimental results verify this method. This work provides an effective alternative to the design of wide-band or even ultra-wideband polarization converters.
The Angiotensin II–Dependent Association of Jak2 and c-Src Requires the N-Terminus of Jak2 and the SH2 Domain of c-Src (1999)

The binding of angiotensin II (Ang II) to AT1 is known to increase the kinase activity of several nonreceptor tyrosine kinases including Jak2 and c-Src. In the present study, we demonstrate that treatment of vascular smooth muscle cells with Ang II results in a rapid and transient association of Jak2 and c-Src. This association is dependent on a catalytically active Jak2 kinase, because it is blocked both by pharmacological means and by the inability of a catalytically inactive Jak2 to associate with c-Src. c-Src bound tyrosine phosphorylated Jak2 but was unable to bind an equal amount of unphosphorylated Jak2 protein, indicating that the SH2 domain of c-Src mediates this association. In vivo studies indicated that c-Src binds the N-terminus of Jak2 as expression of a Jak2 molecule lacking the initial 240 amino acids, including 16 tyrosines, and was unable to bind c-Src. Lastly, using transiently transfected COS-7 cells, we found that Ang II treatment induced an association between c-Src and wild-type Jak2 but not between c-Src and the Jak2 molecule that lacks the initial 240 amino acids. Thus, our data suggest that in addition to increasing the kinase activities Jak2 and c-Src, treatment of cells with Ang II results in the physical association of Jak2 and c-Src; an association that is mediated by the SH2 domain of c-Src and the N-terminus of Jak2.
Recombinant Expression, Isolation, and Proteolysis of Extracellular Matrix-Secreted Phosphoprotein-24 kDa (2007)

Secreted phosphoprotein-24 kDa (spp24) is an extracellular matrix protein first cloned from bone. Bovine spp24 is transcribed as a 203 amino acid residue protein that undergoes cleavage of a secretory peptide to form the mature protein (spp24, residues 24 to 203). While not osteogenic itself, spp24 is degraded to a pro-osteogenic protein, spp18.5, in bone. Both spp18.5 and spp24 contain a cyclic TRH1 (TGF-beta receptor II homology-1) domain similar to that found in the receptor itself and in fetuin. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the TRH1 domain of spp18.5 and spp24 specifically binds BMP-2 and enhances the rate and magnitude of BMP-2-induced ectopic bone formation in vivo. The parental protein, spp24, exhibits a high affinity for bone and mineral complexes, but its abundance there is low, suggesting that it is rapidly degraded. The availability of recombinant spp24 and its degradation products would facilitate the elucidation of their structure:function relationships. We describe here the expression of His(6)-tagged bovine spp24 (residues 24 to 203) in E. coli, its purification by high-resolution IMAC (immobilized metal affinity chromatography), and the characterization of the full-length recombinant 21.5 kDa protein and its two major 16 kDa and 14.5 kDa degradation products (spp24, residues 24 to 157, and spp24, residues 24 to 143) by mass spectroscopy. The recombinant spp24 protein was resistant to proteolysis by MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cell extracts in the absence of calcium; however, in the presence of 4 mM Ca, it can undergo essentially complete proteolysis to small peptides, bypassing the 16 kDa and 14.5 kDa intermediates. This confirms the proteolytic susceptibility of spp24. It also suggests that the levels of spp24 in bone may be regulated, in part, by calcium-dependent proteolysis mediated by osteoblastic cells.
IC‐P‐116: Bayesian network analysis reveals altered regional connectivity of the default mode network in Alzheimer's disease (2009)

The default mode network (DMN), characterized by intrinsic activity during the resting state, has been explored using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques. Reduced resting-state BOLD activity has been observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Bayesian Network analysis (BN) can be used to quantitatively investigate connection strengths among core DMN regions. Using this technique we can explore DMN network connections to better understand inter-regional functional relationship differences between AD patients and age-matched normal controls (NC). BOLD data was acquired under resting conditions from 15 patients with moderate AD (64 ± 8 yrs old, MMSE: 12 ± 7) and 16 elderly NC (65 ± 9 yrs old). Independent component analysis (ICA) was first applied separately to each group to identify DMN spatial patterns. Between-group t-tests were performed to identify voxel-by-voxel differences (false discovery rate p ≤ 0.05). The functional relationships among DMN nodes identified by ICA were assessed using BN analysis to determine directional regional connectivity for each group. Connectivity differences revealed between AD and NC were evaluated for significance using permutation tests. ICA showed reduced DMN activity in the posterior cingulated cortex (PCC), medial pre-frontal cortex (mPFC), left inferior parietal cortex (lIPC) and bilateral hippocampal cortex (HC) in AD compared to NC. There were no regions in which DMN was increased in AD compared to NC. BN analysis and permutation tests demonstrated significant reorganization of connectivity between key DMN regions in AD, including a significant reduction in connectivity from the left HC to right HC (prob = 1.0), between bilateral HC and the left IPC (prob = 1.0), and between the right HC and both the mPFC and PCC (prob = 1.0). In addition, there was a significant functional connection between the PCC and mPFC in NCs that was lost in the AD group. BN analysis demonstrates significant changes in AD resting-state network connections. These patterns of change in the DMN have potential to serve as an imaging marker for AD pathology for use in future therapeutic development, prognostication, or potentially for identification of preclinical disease.
Applying random matrix theory filters on SenseCam images (2013)

Even though Microsoft’s SeneseCam can be effective as a memory-aid device, there exists a substantial challenge in effectively managing the vast amount of images that are maintained by this device. Deconstructing a sizeable collection of images into meaningful events for users represents a significant task. Such events may be identified by applying Random Matrix Theory (RMT) to a cross-correlation matrix C that has been constructed using SenseCam lifelog data streams. Overall, the RMT technique proves promising for major event detection in SenseCam images.
Capacity of channels with memory and feedback: Encoder properties and dynamic programming (2010)

This paper is concerned with capacity formulae for channels with memory and feedback, properties of the capacity achieving encoder, and dynamic programming for designing optimal encoders. The source is general and the techniques discussed include outputs of dynamic systems whose conditional probability distribution depends causally on the channel output and encoder law. First, encoder strategies are identified to maximize directed information, between the source and the channel output. Second, various definitions of information capacity are introduced via directed information, and converse coding theorems are derived. Encoder properties which lead to a tight upper bound on achievable rates are identified. Specifically, it is shown that channel inputs need to be independent of past channel outputs. Third, the form of the capacity achieving encoder is described. The encoder law is a functional of the a posteriori distribution of the source output given a sequence of observable channel outputs. Here a generalization of the Posterior Matching Scheme to channels with memory and feedback is shown to hold. Finally, dynamic programming is discussed, identifying analogies with optimal stochastic control under partial information.
Robust spectrum sensing algorithms under noise uncertainty (2016)

In this paper, two spectrum sensing procedures are studied. The first one is based on a modification of the Energy Detector (ED) and the second one is based on a two-sample Goodness-of-Fit (GoF) test. The two procedures require a vector of noise samples, and are robust against noise uncertainty. Exact probability of detection are given for deterministic and Gaussian signal over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh flat fading channel for the modified ED. Simulations show that the two procedures outperform previous schemes.
Electrical properties of Er-doped In0.53Ga0.47As (2011)

The electrical properties of In0.53Ga0.47As thin films Er-doped to concentrations of 1.5×1017–7.2×1020 cm−3 grown by molecular beam epitaxy at 490 °C on (001) InP substrates were studied. Electrical conductivity, carrier density, and carrier mobility as a function of Er doping were measured by Hall effect at temperatures of 20–750 K. Additionally, high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and infrared absorption spectroscopy confirmed the presence of epitaxially embedded ErAs nanoparticles at Er concentrations ≥8×1019 cm−3. The observed electrical properties are discussed in terms of the dependence of ErAs nanoparticle formation with Er doping.
Coal liquefaction using deuterium-labeled anthracene oil solvent (1988)

In order to better understand the reactions of heteroatom-containing organics which occur during liquefaction of subbituminous coal, it is necessary to distinguish between coal-derived and solvent-derived species. A coal-derived liquefaction solvent, A04, was deuterium-labeled by a method developed at the University of North Dakota Energy and Minerals Research Center and found to be stable under liquefaction conditions. The deuterium-labeled A04 was reacted in the presence of unconverted coal (tetrahydrofuran-insoluble material from a previous autoclave liquefaction test), water, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide at 350 C and 1,000 psia for 30 minutes. No significant degradation in isotopic purity was observed in the mass spectra of the individual deuterated species comprising approximately 95 wt% of the deuterated solvent. Tests were also conducted with raw coal under similar liquefaction conditions to determine the amounts of coal-derived compounds evolved, and whether these compounds will undergo deuterium exchange with the deuterated solvent. Distillable products are being analyzed using GC/MS, and soluble and insoluble products are being analyzed using liquid proton and solid state C-13 NMR. The deuterium-labeling method has also been used to synthesize 16 model compounds including O-, S-, and N-containing aromatics to be used in future liquefaction tests. Analytical results including product componentmore » identification, coal conversion as determined by tetrahydrofuran solubility, and changes observed in NMR spectra are presented.« less