gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Segmenting thalamic nuclei from manifold projections of multi-contrast MRI (2023)

The thalamus is a subcortical gray matter structure that plays a key role in relaying sensory and motor signals within the brain. Its nuclei can atrophy or otherwise be affected by neurological disease and injuries including mild traumatic brain injury. Segmenting both the thalamus and its nuclei is challenging because of the relatively low contrast within and around the thalamus in conventional magnetic resonance (MR) images. This paper explores imaging features to determine key tissue signatures that naturally cluster, from which we can parcellate thalamic nuclei. Tissue contrasts include T1-weighted and T2-weighted images, MR diffusion measurements including FA, mean diffusivity, Knutsson coefficients that represent fiber orientation, and synthetic multi-TI images derived from FGATIR and T1-weighted images. After registration of these contrasts and isolation of the thalamus, we use the uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) method for dimensionality reduction to produce a low-dimensional representation of the data within the thalamus. Manual labeling of the thalamus provides labels for our UMAP embedding from which k nearest neighbors can be used to label new unseen voxels in that same UMAP embedding. N-fold cross-validation of the method reveals comparable performance to state-of-the-art methods for thalamic parcellation.
Second interim analysis of RIFTOS MKI, a global non-interventional study assessing the use of multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) in the treatment of patients with asymptomatic radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAI-R DTC). (2018)

6081 Background: Sorafenib and lenvatinib are oral MKIs approved for the treatment of RAI-R DTC; however, there is no consensus on when patients with asymptomatic RAI-R DTC should start treatment with a MKI. Methods: RIFTOS MKI is an ongoing, global, non-interventional study, enrolling patients with asymptomatic RAI-R DTC, designed to compare the time to symptomatic progression from study entry in the real-life setting between two cohorts. The classification into one of the two cohorts is based on the treating physician’s decision to initiate a MKI at study entry (yes or no). Here, we report the results from a planned second interim analysis; no comparisons between cohorts were made. Results: Of 551 patients enrolled, and valid for analysis, 44% were male and the median age was 68 years; the median duration of observation was 9.0 months. Most patients had an ECOG performance status of 0 or 1 (95%) and distant metastases (87%) at study entry, and the most frequent histology was papillary (74%). The median time from initial diagnosis of DTC to study entry was 7 years, and RAI refractoriness was mainly due to a lack of RAI uptake (65%). The average dose per RAI treatment and median cumulative activity of RAI were 4.63 GBq and 8.51 GBq, respectively. A total of 28% of patients were treated with sorafenib at any time during the study. The median duration of sorafenib exposure was 6.7 months, and most patients (66%) received an initial dose of 800 mg/day. Of 113 patients included in the sorafenib safety analysis, 106 (94%) had ≥1 adverse event (AE), and 28 (25%) had ≥1 serious AE; hand–foot skin reaction (HFSR) was reported in 54 patients (48%), and grade ≥3 HSFR in 11 patients (10%). Conclusions: The RIFTOS MKI study is the largest non-interventional study in RAI-R DTC. Safety data from patients treated with sorafenib is consistent with the known safety profile of sorafenib. Of note, HFSR appears to be reported less frequently in real-life practice compared with phase 3 clinical studies. Clinical trial information: NCT02303444.
Circularly polarized luminescence and electroluminescence in thin films of novel chiral π-conjugated oligomers (2019)

The development of chiral organic semiconductors with high dissymmetry factors glum in thin films, which could be employed as active layers in very innovative technological applications such as circularly-polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs), is a fundamental research goal. Recently, we reported a family of structurally related benzo[1,2-b:4,5- b’]dithiophene and 1,4-phenylene-based oligothiophenes, studying their electronic circular dichroism (ECD) properties in thin films [1-3]; unfortunately, all these compounds revealed very low luminescence intensity in the solid state, due to aggregation-induced quenching phenomena. Here we describe a set of new structurally related 1,4-phenylene and 9Hcarbazole- based oligothiophenes (Figure 1). Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) features revealed quite large dissymmetry factors glum values (in the order of 10-2) on a wide wavelengths range, originating from their chiral supramolecular organization in thin film state. In light of the encouraging results, we investigated their electroluminescence (EL) and circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) in organic light-emitting diodes: a multilayer CP-OLED device with dissymmetry factor |gEL| values up to 5.4·10-2 was obtained, which represents to the best of our knowledge the first example of CP-OLEDs based on chiral oligothiophenes as the organic semiconductor.
Observation and Mechanistic Study of Facile CO Bond Formation between a Well‐Defined Aryl–Copper(III) Complex and Oxygen Nucleophiles (2011)

A well-defined macrocyclic aryl–Cu(III) complex (2) reacts readily with a variety of oxygen nucleophiles, including carboxylic acids, phenols and alcohols, under mild conditions to form the corresponding aryl esters, biaryl ethers and alkyl aryl ethers. The relationship between these reactions and catalytic C-O coupling methods is demonstrated by the reaction of the macrocyclic aryl–Br species with acetic acid and p-fluorophenol in the presence of 10 mol% Cu(I). An aryl-Cu(III)-Br species 2(Br) was observed as an intermediate in the catalytic reaction. Investigation of the stoichiometric C-O bond-forming reactions revealed nucleophile-dependent changes in the mechanism. The reaction of 2 with carboxylic acids revealed a positive correlation between the log(k(obs)) and the pK(a) of the nucleophile (less-acidic nucleophiles react more rapidly), whereas a negative correlation was observed with most phenols (more-acidic phenols react more rapidly). The latter trend resembles previous observations with nitrogen nucleophiles. With carboxylic acids and acidic phenols, UV-visible spectroscopic data support the formation of a ground-state adduct between 2 and the oxygen nucleophile. Collectively, kinetic and spectroscopic data support a unified mechanism for aryl-O coupling from the Cu(III) complex, consisting of nucleophile coordination to the Cu(III) center, deprotonation of the coordinated nucleophile, and C-O (or C-N) reductive elimination from Cu(III).
Quartz-based photonic crystal surfaces for multiplexed cancer biomarker detection (2012)

We report for the first time the combination of a quartz-based photonic crystal (PC) with a detection instrument designed to perform label-free (LF) and enhanced fluorescence (EF) imaging for antibody microarray applications. Label-free detection is used to quantify binding density of immobilized capture antibodies. Angle-scanning approach is implemented to achieve more uniform fluorescence enhancement by reducing the coefficient of variation of replicate assays by 20-99% compared to ordinary fluorescence microscopy.
Learning to Steer by Mimicking Features from Heterogeneous Auxiliary Networks (2018)

The training of many existing end-to-end steering angle prediction models heavily relies on steering angles as the supervisory signal. Without learning from much richer contexts, these methods are susceptible to the presence of sharp road curves, challenging traffic conditions, strong shadows, and severe lighting changes. In this paper, we considerably improve the accuracy and robustness of predictions through heterogeneous auxiliary networks feature mimicking, a new and effective training method that provides us with much richer contextual signals apart from steering direction. Specifically, we train our steering angle predictive model by distilling multi-layer knowledge from multiple heterogeneous auxiliary networks that perform related but different tasks, e.g., image segmentation or optical flow estimation. As opposed to multi-task learning, our method does not require expensive annotations of related tasks on the target set. This is made possible by applying contemporary off-the-shelf networks on the target set and mimicking their features in different layers after transformation. The auxiliary networks are discarded after training without affecting the runtime efficiency of our model. Our approach achieves a new state-of-the-art on Udacity and Comma.ai, outperforming the previous best by a large margin of 12.8% and 52.1%, respectively. Encouraging results are also shown on Berkeley Deep Drive (BDD) dataset.
An Analysis of Coherent and Differentially Coherent Digital Receivers in the Presence of Colored Noise Interference (1986)

NA
Tools and Metrics for Evaluating Modular Product Concepts Based on Strategic Objectives (2003)

The design of modular products has recently become the focus of significant research in the area of design theory and methodology. This focus is the result of increased awareness of the potential power of modularity to achieve certain product objectives. However, there continues to be a gap between the results of academic research and industrial application. The refinement, consolidation, and extension of this academic research would help design teams who are charged with developing modular products to use these academic findings in real world, industrial applications. The research presented in this document focuses on developing design tools, based on past and present academic research, for use in industrial settings where the design of a modular product is the goal. In this document the many definitions and methods for classifying modular products are consolidated and refined. Through thisrefinement and consolidation a new scheme for classifying modularity types, the Modularity Type Space (MTS), is developed that not only succinctly defines the types of modularity, but shows the relationships between them. Metrics and heuristics are also presented that are helpful in identifying the type of modularity a product uses in its architecture. The MTS is presented as a tool to help design teams screen modular product designs for the purposes of concept selection based on the strategic goals that the product must achieve. Several examples, as well as a case study, are presented in this document to show how to use the tools contained herein and to illustrate their usefulness. With the modular product design tools developed in this document, design teams will be able to more quickly and cost-effectively design modular products that meet their desired strategic objectives.
&lt;title&gt;Object recognition using appearance representations derived from solid models of objects&lt;/title&gt; (1998)

We advance active computer vision algorithms for flexible manufacturing systems that classify objects and estimate their pose from intensity images. Our algorithms automatically reposition the sensor if the class or pose of an object is ambiguous in a given image and incorporate data from multiple object views in determining the final object classification. A feature space trajectory (FST) in a global eigenfeature space is used to represent 3-D distorted views of an object. Bayesian methods are used to derive the class hypothesis, pose estimate, confidence measures, and the sensor position that best resolves ambiguity. FSTs constructed using images rendered from solid models of objects are used to process real image data.
Experimental studies of compressive sensing for SAR with Ka-band chamber room and Ku-band airplane SAR data (2017)

Compressive sensing (CS) is one of the solutions for reducing the data rate of sensor systems. In our previous study, there were certain issues yet to be addressed in the analysis of accuracy of CS reconstruction comparing with original synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. In this paper, we have additionally shown the calculation cost and effectiveness of CS for SAR imagery using chamber room experimental data and actual Ku-band airplane SAR data. The calculation cost is more than 300 times that of original SAR imaging but we can reduce the observation data into half. The difference between complex values of original and CS-reconstructed SAR images is typically -20 dB in the case of Ku-band airplane. We have demonstrated that the CS-based SAR is a powerful tool when the loss of signal-to noise ratio due to observation loss and calculation cost are disregarded.
Stereoselective Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Chiral Piperidine Derivatives by Using an Immobilized Galactose Auxiliary (2003)

The fluoride-labile anchoring of a galactosylamine enabled the first stereoselective solid-phase combinatorial synthesis of didehydropiperidinones 1. The piperidine derivatives formed by asymmetric domino Mannich–Michael condensation at ambient temperature were isolated after cleavage from the polymeric support in high yield, diastereomeric ratio, and purity (Piv=pivaloyl=tBuCO).
Study of High-V Phosphates Based on LiMnPO<sub>4</sub> as Positive Electrode Material for Li-ion Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Multi-Objective Trip Planning Based on Ant Colony Optimization Utilizing Trip Records (2022)

Trip planning services have been developed along with tourism promotion and information technology evolutions, where we must construct trip routes that simultaneously optimize <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">multi-objective</i> functions such as trip expenses and user satisfaction. Moreover, utilization of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">past-trip records</i> is essential, because similarities to past-trip records well reflect users’ general preferences and tendencies during trip planning. In this paper, we propose a multi-objective trip planning method using ant colony optimization (ACO). By effectively using the pheromones in ACO, we can construct trip routes similar to trip records stored before and the constructed route can reflect users’ general preferences. In addition, we vary ants’ behaviors in ACO corresponding to various objective functions and hence we can obtain multi-objective trip routes naturally. Experimental results demonstrated that our method outperforms the baseline methods in terms of point-of-interest (POI) satisfaction, POI cost, and past-trip similarity. We also conducted a user study, which clearly indicates that our method obtains high scores through various user questionnaires.
Sodium dependent glucose transporter (SGLT) 1 / 2 - elucidating inhibitor SAR and selectivity using homology modelling and 3D QSAR studies (2012)

Inhibiting sodium-dependent glucose transporters (SGLTs) has been proposed as a new therapy for the treatment of diabetes [1]. SGLT2 as the most prominent member of this family is mainly expressed in the kidney and responsible for the reabsorption of the vast majority of the filtered glucose. This key role in the blood glucose homeostasis makes SGLT2 a promising target which has been clearly underlined by the results of preclinical and clinical studies. Therapeutic goals of SGLT2 inhibition are reduced plasma glucose levels and weight loss. In conjunction with the therapeutic benefits fewer side effects are expected than observed with other known diabetes drugs. Potential side effects in case of SGLT2 inhibition are expected to be mediated by a lack of selectivity towards SGLT1 that is mainly expressed in the intestine and responsible for glucose- and galactose absorption from food sources. Therefore, inhibition of SGLT1 leads to glucose- and galactose malabsorption, dehydration, and diarrhoea.

Consequently, any drug discovery project aiming for promising SGLT2 inhibitors has to take into account significant selectivity towards SGLT1. In order to describe the selectivity on a structural basis we extensively used molecular modelling techniques since no x-ray structural data is available for neither SGLT1 nor SGLT2. For both transporters homology models were generated using the published x-ray structure from vSGLT (PDB-code 3DH4) [2]. Structure based alignments of published SGLT2 inhibitors including selectivity data for SGLT1 were followed by 3D-QSAR studies utilizing CoMFA fields. Given a detailed analysis of the inhibitor SAR for both transporters the two structural models of SGLT1 and SGLT2 were compared leading to the identification of relevant differences and selectivity hot spots. In the future, the presented models could serve as a basis for the identification of new potent SGLT2 inhibitors that are selective towards SGLT1, too.
SubModule failure detection methods for the modular multilevel converter (2015)

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become one of the most promising converter topologies for medium/high-power applications. As the MMC is structured based upon stacking up of a number of series-connected identical SubModules (SMs), to improve its fault tolerance and reliability, SM failure detection and location is of significant importance. In this paper, two SM-failure detection and location methods are proposed, i.e., a clustering algorithm (CA)-based method and a calculated capacitance (CC)-based method. In the proposed CA-based method, a pattern recognition-based fault diagnosis approach is developed, which employs the clustering algorithm to detect and locate the faulty SMs with open-switch failures through identifying the pattern of two-dimensional trajectories of the SM characteristic variables. The proposed CC-based method is based on calculation and comparison of a physical component parameter, i.e., the nominal SM capacitance, and is capable of failure detection, location, and classification within one stage. Performance of the proposed failure detection methods for an MMC system is evaluated based on time-domain simulation studies in the PSCAD/EMTDC software environment. The reported study results demonstrate the capabilities of the two proposed methods in detecting and locating any SM failure under various conditions accurately and efficiently.
Marantic Endocarditis Associated with Pancreatic Cancer: A Case Series (2009)

Marantic endocarditis, otherwise known as nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE), is a well-documented phenomenon due to hypercoagulability from an underlying cause. It has been associated with a variety of inflammatory states including malignancy. Surprisingly, although hypercoagulability is often seen in patients with pancreatic cancer, marantic endocarditis has rarely been reported antemortem in this population. We report three cases of marantic endocarditis in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. In two instances, the patients' neurological symptoms preceded the diagnosis of advanced pancreatic cancer. Health care professionals should be alert to the possibility of marantic endocarditis in any patient with cancer, especially pancreatic cancer, who presents with symptoms of neurological dysfunction or an arterial thrombotic event. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with heparin, unfractionated or low molecular weight, may prevent catastrophic CNS events and decrease morbidity in patients with pancreatic cancer and other malignancies.
Supplementary Figures S1-S10 from The Notch Pathway Inhibits TGFβ Signaling in Breast Cancer through HEYL-Mediated Crosstalk (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S10. Tests for specificity of the anti-HEYL antibody (S1); Notch pathway induces HEYL expression (S2); In vitro analysis of direct interaction of HEYL and Smad3 in Cos 1 cells (S3); Transcriptional control of TGF-ÃŸ responsive reporter consisting of tandem synthetic Smad-binding elements by luciferase assays (S4); Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining of mammary glands of wild-type or transgenic HEYL+ virgin mice, 13 weeks of age (S5); Mammary gland H&amp;E staining of wild-type or transgenic mice at day 10 of pregnancy (S6); Mammary gland hyperplasia was commonly observed in HEYL+ transgenic mice, Representative photomicrographs from mouse numbers, 1-4 are shown (S7); Expression of HeyL in mammary tumors from two HEYL+ transgenic mice measured by RT-PCR and IHC staining (S8); Expression of downstream effectors of TGFÃŸ, PAI-1 and P15 in HEYL+ transgenic mammary tumors in comparison to normal mammary glands of WT mice (S9); The antagonistic network between Notch and TGF-ÃŸ signaling through the interactions between HEY genes and Smads (S10).&lt;/p&gt;
1272: Reversal of Abnormal Gene Function in Neurogenic Bladders Using Epigenetic Therapy (2006)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Tuesday, May 23, 2006, 1:00 - 4:00 pm1 Apr 20061272: Reversal of Abnormal Gene Function in Neurogenic Bladders Using Epigenetic Therapy Steve Hodges, Jason Hipp, Nilamadhab Mishra, George J. Christ, James J. Yoo, and Anthony Atala Steve HodgesSteve Hodges More articles by this author , Jason HippJason Hipp More articles by this author , Nilamadhab MishraNilamadhab Mishra More articles by this author , George J. ChristGeorge J. Christ More articles by this author , James J. YooJames J. Yoo More articles by this author , and Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)33485-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1272: Reversal of Abnormal Gene Function in Neurogenic Bladders Using Epigenetic Therapy." The Journal of Urology, 175(4S), p. 409 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 4SApril 2006Page: 409 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Steve Hodges More articles by this author Jason Hipp More articles by this author Nilamadhab Mishra More articles by this author George J. Christ More articles by this author James J. Yoo More articles by this author Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Demixing of Oxides under a Temperature Gradient (1987)

The microscopic mechanism of a demixing of binary oxide solid solution in an oxidizing atmosphere under a temperature gradient is investigated by the path probability method of irreversibly statistical mechanics. The problem is reduced to a steady‐state metal ion transport under the coexistence of an oxygen partial pressure gradient and a temperature gradient. Calculations are performed under two different conditions: (i) demixing in a steady‐state diffusion process under the two driving forces and (ii) a redistribution of constituent metal ions in a closed system under a given temperature gradient (Soret effect). The results can be interpreted as the superposition of the contributions of two driving forces plus a cross term which tends to zero as the driving forces become small. The difference between these two cases is discussed in detail and some controversies in the past work with respect to the difference are pointed out.