gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relaxometry of calf lens homogenates, including cross‐relaxation by crystallin NH groups (1988)

We studied the magnetic field dependence of the longitudinal relaxation rates of water protons (1/T1 nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) profiles) in transparent homogenates of calf lens. The samples included nuclear homogenates with total (heterogeneous) crystallin contents between 34% (v/v) (native) and 14% (diluted) as well as cortical homogenate, 21% (native) and 34% (concentrated). The NMRD profiles had two components: a monotonic dispersive component (analogous to that of both globular protein solutions and diamagnetic tissue) and "14N quadrupolar peaks." 14N peaks have never been reported for protein solutions, only for tissues and dehydrated proteins. These peaks occur between 0.5 and 5 MHz proton Larmor frequency and arise from interactions of solvent water protons with NH moieties of proteins. The 14N peaks in lens cytoplasm are very large and may correlate with the crystallin structure and interactions required to maintain short-range order and lens transparency. The monotonic and 14N quadrupolar components were largest in concentrated samples, but with different concentration dependencies. The dispersive components of samples above approximately 19% protein concentration had a fixed functional form, the amplitude of which varied with protein volume fraction, f, by the multiplicative factor f/(1 - f), suggesting spatial organization and dynamics of the solute proteins that are relatively independent of water content. In contrast, at concentrations less than 19%, the NMRD profiles are concentration dependent, indicating a dependence of the orientational relaxation time of the proteins on protein-protein interactions seen previously in other globular proteins at these concentrations. The 14N peaks are not resolved below approximately 19% protein and increase linearly with incremental volume fraction at protein concentrations above 19%. In addition, the 14N peaks in nuclear homogenates are 50-100% larger than those of cortical homogenates at the same concentrations. Partial substitution of solvent D2O for H2O decreases the peak heights, indicating that an exchangeable proton mediates the interaction between solvent protons and protein 14N nuclei.
An Energy Efficient Power-Split Hybrid Transmission System to Drive Hydraulic Implements in Construction Machines (2021)

Abstract This paper proposes a novel hybrid power-split transmission to drive hydraulic implements in construction machinery. The highly efficient power-split hybrid transmission is combined with displacement-controlled (DC) actuators to eliminate throttling losses within the hydraulic system and achieve higher fuel savings. The architecture design, sizing, and power-management are addressed. Simulation results considering a realistic truck-loading cycle on a mini-excavator demonstrate the feasibility of the idea. A systematic comparison between the proposed system and the previously developed series–parallel hybrid is also carried out. The paper compares engine operation and fuel consumption of the previously mentioned hybrid system with the original nonhybrid load-sensing (LS) machine. It is shown that by implementing an efficient engine operation control, the proposed system can achieve up to 60.2% improvement in fuel consumption when compared to the original machine and consume 11.8% less than the previously developed series–parallel hybrid with DC actuation. Other advantages of the proposed solution include a much steadier engine operation, which open to the possibility of designing an engine for optimal consumption and emissions at a single operating point as well as greatly reduce pollutant emissions. A steadier prime mover operation should also benefit fully electric machines, as the battery would not be stressed with heavy transients.
The diazidoiodine(1+) cation: preparation, identification by Raman spectroscopy, and ab initio quantum mechanical studies (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe diazidoiodine(1+) cation: preparation, identification by Raman spectroscopy, and ab initio quantum mechanical studiesInis C. Tornieporth-Oetting, Thomas M. Klapoetke, Axel Schulz, Peter Buzek, and Paul v. R. SchleyerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 24, 5640–5642Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00076a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00076a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antiviral activities of ribavirin, 5-ethynyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide, and 6'-(R)-6'-C-methylneplanocin A against several ortho- and paramyxoviruses (1992)

5-Ethynyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (EICAR) and 6'-(R)-6'-C-methylneplanocin A (TJ13025) are two novel antiviral agents which are targeted against IMP dehydrogenase and S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, respectively. These compounds have been examined for their activities against various strains of orthomyxoviruses (influenza virus) and paramyxoviruses (parainfluenza virus, mumps virus, measles virus, and respiratory syncytial virus) in vitro. EICAR was 10- to 59-fold more active than ribavirin and TJ13025 was 32- to 330-fold more active than ribavirin against parainfluenza virus types (2 and 3), mumps virus, and measles virus. EICAR was also more active than ribavirin against respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus, whereas TJ13025 was virtually inactive against these viruses. The 50% virus-inhibitory concentrations of EICAR and TJ13025 were generally within the 0.1- to 1-microgram/ml range. Although the compounds did not prove cytotoxic to stationary host cells (HeLa, Vero, MDCK, and LLCMK2) at a concentration of 200 micrograms/ml, concentrations of 4 to 13 micrograms/ml inhibited the growth of dividing cells. EICAR and TJ13025 should be further pursued as candidate drugs for the treatment of ortho- and paramyxovirus infections.
Cooperation between media changing robot system and humans for cell processing (2021)

Currently, in the field of regenerative medicine, cell processing is being performed manually. Such process is labor intensive and expensive, and its efficiency still needs to be enhanced. Recently, automatic cell culture apparatuses that are equipped with a vertical articulated robot have been proposed. However, the automation of all cell processing tasks complicates the system. This study aimed to develop a simple and rational cell processing system through the combination of the tasks performed by a robot and those performed by a human. In a previous study, we improved the efficiency of discarding and injecting tasks using a robot arm in the media changing process. In the present study, we report the results of the implementation and evaluation of the prototypes that facilitate in improving the efficiency of the discarding and injecting tasks. Our experimental results revealed the feasibility of discarding and injecting robots that can be used in a safety cabinet. Robots can perform the media changing process more efficiently and more accurately than humans. Moreover, when robots are used, the risk of dripping can be reduced.
Reliability and validity for the Vanderbilt Head and Neck Symptom Survey (VHNSS): A new tool to assess symptom burden in patients undergoing chemoradiation (2004)

5569 Background: Head and neck cancer patients experience significant symptom burden related to tumor and its treatment. We undertook the development and validation of a tool designed to assess physical symptom burden in patients receiving chemoradiation. We report the initial results of testing for reliability and validity of this 27 item fixed format tool which uses a 0 to 10 numeric rating scale response format. Tool development has been reported previously. Methods: The VHNSS was administered to 186 patients enrolled on three trials: (1) 51 patients on a diet adaptation study, (2) 100 patients on a health care utilization study, and (3) 35 undergoing modified barium swallow. Results: The internal consistency was good for the total scale (.94) and the 12 item swallow subscale (.91). 86 patients completed the EORTC HN-35 and the PSS-HN. Overall the patterns suggest convergence between the appropriate EORTC subscales and the VHNSS total scale and swallow subscale. For example - EORTC swallow: total VHNSS (r = .76) and swallow subscale (r = .84). Convergence is also noted for the PSS-HN eat and diet items for the total and the swallow subscale. Differences in total and swallow scores were in the expected direction for the use of PEG tubes and the use of health care resources (p < .05). Construct validity of the swallow subscale was supported by correlation with an objective measure of swallow function. Conclusion: Preliminary results demonstrate reliability and construct validity for the newly developed VHNSS. Further testing is ongoing. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Engineering a Plant-Derived Astaxanthin Synthetic Pathway Into Nicotiana benthamiana (2022)

Carotenoids have been shown to be essential for human nutrition. Consumption of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables can reduce the risk of many diseases. The ketocarotenoid astaxanthin has become a commercially valuable compound due to its powerful antioxidant properties compared to other carotenoids. It is naturally produced in certain algae, bacteria, and the flowers of some species of the genus <i>Adonis</i>, although it is produced in such small quantities in these organisms that it is costly to extract. Chemical synthesis of this compound has also shown limited success with a high proportion of esterified forms of astaxanthin being produced, which decreases antioxidant properties by the conversion of hydroxyl groups to esters. Previously, transgenic astaxanthin-producing plants have been created using a β-carotene ketolase enzyme of either bacterial or algal origin. However, a novel astaxanthin pathway exists in the flowering plants of the genus <i>Adonis</i> which has not been utilized in the same manner. The pathway involves two unique enzymes, β-ring-4-dehydrogenase and 4-hydroxy-β-ring-4-dehydrogenase, which add the necessary hydroxyl and ketone groups to the rings of β-carotene. In the present study, <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> plants were transformed with chimeric constructs coding for these two enzymes. The regenerated, transgenic plants accumulate astaxanthin and their growth (height and weight) was unaffected, when compared to non-transformed <i>N. benthamiana</i> and to plants transformed with the bacterial β-carotene ketolase. The accumulation of astaxanthin also improved seedling survivability under harsh UV light, mitigated reactive oxygen accumulation, and provided a phenotype (color) that allowed the efficient identification and recovery of transgenic plants with and without selection.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thiophenes and Thieno[3,2‐c]pyran‐4‐ones as Antileishmanial and Antifungal Agents. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ionic Liquids pretreatment of cellulose fiber materials for improvement of reactivity and value added applications (2011)

Cellulose is one of the most abundant biological and renewable materials in the world. The application of cellulose is widely distributed among various industries such as fiber, paper, pharmaceutical, membrane, polymer and paint. However, the utilization of cellulose or cellulosic materials has not been developed entirely because of its poor solubility in common organic solvents. Ionic liquids (ILs) are relatively new family of solvents for dissolution of cellulose. They are organic salts containing cations and anions with low melting temperature, which make them suitable for the solubilization of cellulose. Moreover, ILs are non-volatile, non-toxic, non-flammable and thermally and chemically stable. Cellulose dissolved in ILs can be regenerated with anti-solvents as water, ethanol and acetone. In this study, the pretreatment of both hardwood and softwood dissolving pulps with two ILs ([C4mim+]CH3COO- and [C4mim+]Cl-) were performed. Furthermore, the impact of treating cellulose with ILs was also evaluated by using different analytical techniques, such as size exclusion chromatography (SEC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
The critical behavior of three dimensional Heisenberg models on disordered lattices: Possible violation of Harris criterion in diluted magnetic semiconductors (2007)

Using large-scale Monte Carlo calculations, we consider strongly disordered Heisenberg models on a cubic lattice with missing sites (as in diluted magnetic semiconductors such as Ga_{1-x}Mn_{x}As). For disorder ranging from weak to strong levels of dilution, we identify Curie temperatures and calculate the critical exponents nu, gamma, eta, and beta finding, per the Harris criterion, good agreement with critical indices for the pure Heisenberg model where there is no disorder component. Moreover, we find that thermodynamic quantities (e.g. the second moment of the magnetization per spin) self average at the ferromagnetic transition temperature with relative fluctuations tending to zero with increasing system size. We directly calculate effective critical exponents for T > T_{c}, yielding values which may differ significantly from the critical indices for the pure system, especially in the presence of strong disorder. Ultimately, the difference is only apparent, and eventually disappears when T is very close to T_{c}.
Truncated RNA-binding protein production by DUX4-induced systemic inhibition of nonsense-mediated RNA decay (2021)

ABSTRACT Nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) is a surveillance mechanism that degrades both canonical and aberrant transcripts carrying premature translation termination codons. NMD is thought to have evolved to prevent the synthesis of toxic truncated proteins. However, whether global inhibition of NMD results in widespread production of truncated proteins is unknown. A human genetic disease, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) features acute inhibition of NMD upon expression of the disease-causing transcription factor, DUX4. Here, using a cell-based model of FSHD, we show the production of hundreds of truncated proteins from physiological NMD targets. Using ribosome profiling, we map the precise C-terminal end of these aberrant truncated proteins and find that RNA-binding proteins are especially enriched for aberrant truncations. The stabilized NMD isoform of one RNA-binding protein, SRSF3, is robustly translated to produce a stable truncated protein, which can also be detected in FSHD patient-derived myotubes. Notably, ectopic expression of truncated SRSF3 alone confers toxicity and its downregulation is cytoprotective. Our results demonstrate the genome-scale impact of NMD inhibition. This widespread production of potentially deleterious truncated proteins has implications for FSHD biology as well as other genetic diseases where NMD is therapeutically modulated.
Natural disease history of the <i>D2‐mdx</i> mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2019)

The C57BL/10ScSn-<i>Dmd<sup>mdx</sup></i>/J (BL10-<i>mdx</i>) mouse has been the most commonly used model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) for decades. Their muscle dysfunction and pathology is, however, less severe than in patients with DMD, which complicates preclinical studies. Recent discoveries indicate that disease severity is exacerbated when muscular dystrophy mouse models are generated on a DBA2/J genetic background. Knowledge on the natural history of animal models is pivotal for high-quality preclinical testing. However, for BL10-<i>mdx</i> mice on a DBA2/J background (D2-<i>mdx</i>), limited data are available. We addressed this gap in the natural history knowledge. First, we compared histopathological aspects in skeletal muscles of young D2-<i>mdx</i>, BL10-<i>mdx</i>, and wild-type mice. Pathology was more pronounced in D2-<i>mdx</i> mice and differed in severity between muscles within individuals. Secondly, we subjected D2-<i>mdx</i> mice to a functional test regime for 34 weeks and identified that female D2-<i>mdx</i> mice outperform severely impaired males, making females less useful for functional preclinical studies. Direct comparisons between 10- and 34-wk-old D2-<i>mdx</i> mice revealed that disease pathology ameliorates with age. Heart pathology was progressive, with some features already evident at a young age. This natural history study of the D2-<i>mdx</i> mouse will be instrumental for experimental design of future preclinical studies.-Van Putten, M., Putker, K., Overzier, M., Adamzek, W. A., Pasteuning-Vuhman, S., Plomp, J. J., Aartsma-Rus, A. Natural disease history of the D2-<i>mdx</i> mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Fundamental principles of an effective diabetic retinopathy screening program (2020)

Use of these recommendations may yield more effective DR screening programs that reduce the risk of vision loss worldwide.
A study of the mechanical and electrical properties of a polymer/carbon black binder system used in battery electrodes (2003)

Abstract The effects of carbon black content and crosslinking on the mechanical and electrical properties of a fluorinated elastomer, FC2178 (Dyneon Corp., Oakdale, MN), poly(vinylidene fluoride‐ co ‐hexafluoropropylene), were investigated and compared to those of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). Attention was given to changes in mechanical and electrical properties of the polymers when under cyclic deformation. To describe the mechanical properties of the carbon‐filled polymers in a way that is independent of the chemical details, two mechanical models were used to fit cyclic stress–strain experiments. The linear model was used to determine the effect of crosslinking on the mechanical properties of crosslinked FC2178 films. However, when carbon black was added to the polymer films, the linear model no longer fit the data well. In particular, the cyclic stress–strain curves for carbon‐filled polymers showed non‐linear regions and displayed the characteristic of ‘memory.’ A non‐linear element was added in parallel with the existing elements of the linear model to successfully describe the effects of the added carbon black. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1891–1899, 2003
Partial purification and characterization of α-amylase produced by Aspergillus oryzae using spent-brewing grains (2005)

Solid-state fermentation (SSF) was carried out to produce α-amylase from Aspergillus oryzae (IFO 30103) using spent brewing grains (SBG) as substrate. A maximum of 11296 U/gds amylase activity was obtained after 48 h of fermentation. The extracted enzyme was subjected to partial purification by ammonium sulphate fractionation. Maximum specific activity was obtained with 40-70% fraction. SDS-PAGE of the corresponding sample revealed an approximate 66 kDa band, which was confirmed by activity staining as α-amylase. It was optimally active at pH 5 and 50°C by using 1% starch as substrate concentration. The partially purified α-amylase loses activity rapidly above 50C but it can be retained in the presence of Ca. Presence of Mn and Fe enhanced the enzyme activity and is almost doubled in presence of Mn. However, in the presence of Hg and Cu the activity is reduced. Hg reduced the enzyme activity by half.
Detection by Induction in the Environmental SEM (1990)

The advent of environmental SEM (ESEM) has revealed the true mechanism of detection, when the current mode is used. The ESEM allows the introduction of gas in the specimen chamber with a pressure at least sufficient to maintain specimens in their wet state. The gas is also used to suppress charge accumulation on insulating specimens and, furthermore, it can be used as a detection and amplification medium. The resolving power of the instrument is not impaired by the presence of gas, whereas new contrast mechanisms are now possible. The foundations of this technology have been outlined in an extended survey previously. It has been shown that the products of interaction between various signals and gas can be used for imaging. Ionization, in particular, was first used for imaging by Danilatos. A comprehensive theoretical survey of the gaseous detector device can be found elsewhere. Here, the principle of pulse induction by moving charge carriers between electrodes is highlighted. Any charge moving between two electrodes induces a charge of opposite sign on each electrode with a concomitant current flow in the external circuit. The current flow stops when the charge carriers terminate their motion. Therefore, pulses are generated by each electron in the beam and in the signals emerging from the beam-specimen interaction. The sum of all pulses corresponding to a given pixel element results in the total signal pulse carrying information from the specimen. This way of looking at signal formation would be superfluous, if one could always arrive at the same result by simply counting the number of charge carriers that arrive at a particular electrode. However, the creation of ions in the gas of an ESEM and the possibility of imaging non-conducting surfaces has compelled us to resort to first principles in order to properly understand, explain and evaluate new phenomena. First, the ions are more than 1000 times slower than electrons, and they may limit the frequency response of the system; the simple counting of electrons that arrive at the anode, while the corresponding ions have not yet reached the cathode, provides an incorrect signal intensity. Second, microscopists would not use the “specimen absorbed current mode” with insulating specimens in vacuum SEM, whereas a new situation exists in ESEM.
Model predictive current control for PMSM considering number of switching operations (2014)

This paper presents a model predictive-based current control for PMSMs. In our approach, a reference voltage to an inverter can be strictly treated as a discrete voltage vector so that the output saturation of the inverter is avoided. Various constraints can be also taken into consideration in our approach. Both tolerance ranges for control variables and number of switching operations are incorporated into a single objective function in order to consider a trade-off between current ripple and switching operations. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through simulations and experiments.
Hybrid Glass and Sol-Gel Integrated Optical Waveguides for Biosensors (2005)

Novel integrated optical planar waveguide platform for absorption-based biosensing is demonstrated. The platform integrates surface ion-exchanged channel waveguides with UV patterned sol-gel structures. Estimated level of detection is about 1 pmol/cm2 of surface adsorbed cytochrome-c.