gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fire and Gas Barrier Properties of Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Nanocomposites Using Polycaprolactone/Clay Nanohybrid Based-Masterbatch (2008)

Exfoliated nanocomposites are prepared by dispersion of poly(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi></mml:math>-caprolactone) (PCL) grafted montmorillonite nanohybrids used as masterbatches in poly(styrene- co -acrylonitrile) (SAN). The PCL-grafted clay nanohybrids with high inorganic content are synthesized by in situ intercalative ring-opening polymerization of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi></mml:math>-caprolactone between silicate layers organomodified by alkylammonium cations bearing two hydroxyl functions. The polymerization is initiated by tin alcoholate species derived from the exchange reaction of tin(II) bis(2-ethylhexanoate) with the hydroxyl groups borne by the ammonium cations that organomodified the clay. These highly filled PCL nanocomposites (25 wt% in inorganics) are dispersed as masterbatches in commercial poly(styrene- co -acrylonitrile) by melt blending. SAN-based nanocomposites containing 3 wt% of inorganics are accordingly prepared. The direct blend of SAN/organomodified clay is also prepared for sake of comparison. The clay dispersion is characterized by wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and solid state NMR spectroscopy measurements. The thermal properties are studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The flame retardancy and gas barrier resistance properties of nanocomposites are discussed both as a function of the clay dispersion and of the matrix/clay interaction.
A “Bio Basics” Short Course: Bringing Modern Biology To An Engineering Faculty (2020)

Abstract NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract A “Bio-Basics” Short Course: Bringing Modern Biology to An Engineering Faculty James D. Sweeney1, Lokesh Joshi1, 3, Alyssa Panitch1, 3, Edward Hall2 Harrington Department of Bioengineering1, and Office of Engineering Research Services2, The I.A. Fulton School of Engineering, and The Biodesign Institute3 Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ Introduction In our post-genomic world, engineers (including engineering faculties!) increasingly need at least a working knowledge of biology and the life sciences. The Arizona State University faculty short course “Bio-Basics” has cycled through two consecutive semester offerings in 2004. This course has provided a structure and forum for interested faculty in ASU’s I.A. Fulton School of Engineering to participate in a series of class meetings focused on a range of topics in modern biology. In each of its first two offerings at ASU, the Bio-Basics short course has capped out its enrollment at its desired maximum of forty participants per semester. This paper describes the objectives, design, implementation, as well as initial and ongoing assessment and evaluation of the Bio-Basics faculty short course. Short Course Objectives The Fulton School at ASU has committed its strategic planning to a range of use-inspired research themes (e.g. human health, communication systems, nanotechnology, electronics and biomaterials, human-machine interfaces, remote sensing and autonomous networks, applied mathematics) which span not only the traditional engineering science underpinnings in chemistry and physics but also the life sciences. In order to assist engineering faculty to jump-start their currency of knowledge in biology, a team of Bioengineering faculty has implemented this short course. This effort is particularly timely at ASU, as at many other universities, as new, large-scale research efforts are emphasized that seek to integrate faculties in engineering, the physical, and the life and medical sciences into effective transdisciplinary teams. The recently created Biodesign Institute1 at ASU, for example, brings together experts in engineering, biotechnology, biomedicine, nanotechnology, information technology and cognitive science to foster fundamental improvements in human health and quality of life. Nationally, the Batelle technology forecast for the year 2020 also clearly indicates that the traditional lines between the physical, life and medical sciences will become increasingly blurred. Predicted strategic Proceedings of the 2005 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright ©2005, American Society for Engineering Education
SPE dose prediction using locally weighted regression (2005)

When astronauts are outside Earth's protective magnetosphere, they are subject to large radiation doses resulting from solar particle events. The total dose received from a major solar particle event in deep space could cause severe radiation poisoning. The dose is usually received over a 20-40 h time interval but the event's effects may be reduced with an early warning system. This paper presents a method to predict the total dose early in the event. It uses a locally weighted regression model, which is easier to train, and provides predictions as accurate as the neural network models that were used previously.
The Cachemire Test Bench A Flexible And Effective Approach For Simulation Of Multiprocessors (2005)

The CacheMire Test Bench – A Flexible and Effective Approach for Simulation of Multiprocessors
Photonics laboratory teaching experiments for scientists and engineers (2002)

In response to industry's need for scientists and engineers skilled in the design, manufacture and operation of photonics systems, Strathclyde University and OptoSci Ltd. have developed a suite of Photonics Educator Kits, which enable students to experimentally investigate all of the major technical features, principles and design issues of optical waveguides, optical communications systems, erbium doped fiber amplifiers and lasers. To support these applications experiments we have recently added a range of kits enabling students to experimentally investigate the basics of physical optics covering reflection, refraction, polarization, diffraction, coherence and interference. In this paper, we will describe the educational objectives and the design philosophies behind the development of these kits. To illustrate these, full details of the experimental procedures, the results and the benefits to the student will be discussed for the recently upgraded optical communications kit and the erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) system, in particular addressing the crucially important noise characteristics of optical amplifiers.
Broadband polarization insensitive wide angular stable dual‐split square ring circuit analog absorber for radar cross section and electromagnetic interference shielding applications (2022)

This work presents a simple broadband polarization-insensitive circuit analog absorber (CAA) with wide angular stability. It comprises of dual-cut square loop resonator loaded with eight lumped resistors as top patch and an inductive grid. The normal incidence reveals a 90% absorption bandwidth of 20.51 GHz (110% fractional bandwidth) covering the entire X to K-band with a minimum flat absorption rate of 92.82%. Equivalent circuit analysis is carried out, and responses are validated with full-wave simulations. The proposed prototype is insensitive to different polarization angles under normal incidence and stable with 45° in transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) incidences. The design's novelty lies in using two resistors on each side of the square ring, which improves the absorptivity performance. The inductive grid enhances TM mode's angular stability. The proposed absorber is fabricated, and the measured results are in good agreement. In-band bistatic radar cross section reduction of 12.97 dBsm is obtained with the absorber using an X-band antenna. The temperature profile of the prototype is illustrated using near-in-lock infrared thermography, and 2.1°F of temperature rise is noticed in the absorption band. The proposed structure possesses a low profile, broad bandwidth, polarization insensitivity, and wide angular stability to the best of the author's knowledge.
Evidence from NMR for temperature-dependent Bardeen-Friedel oscillations in nanometre-sized silver particles (1993)

The abrupt discontinuity of the background in the semi-infinite jellium results in a decaying oscillatory (Bardeen) spatial response of the electron gas. Related phenomena are the Friedel oscillations around an impurity in a metal, and the Ruderman-Kittel coupling between two localized magnetic moments embedded in a sea of conduction electrons. We have found that the 109Ag (I= 1/2 ) NMR linewidth in nanometre-sized supported (and therefore isolated) silver particles shows a size effect that may be due to Bardeen-Friedel oscillations. The linewidth is also temperature dependent, in a way that cannot easily be explained as an effect of paramagnetic impurities; we suggest that thermal vibrations, known to have comparatively large amplitudes in small particles, wash out the abruptness in the background-charge discontinuity, and thus diminish the amplitude of the oscillations.
Superiority of bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone (VTD) as induction pretransplantation therapy in multiple myeloma: a randomized phase 3 PETHEMA/GEM study (2012)

The Spanish Myeloma Group conducted a trial to compare bortezomib/thalidomide/dexamethasone (VTD) versus thalidomide/dexamethasone (TD) versus vincristine, BCNU, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, prednisone/vincristine, BCNU, doxorubicin, dexamethasone/bortezomib (VBMCP/VBAD/B) in patients aged 65 years or younger with multiple myeloma. The primary endpoint was complete response (CR) rate postinduction and post-autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Three hundred eighty-six patients were allocated to VTD (130), TD (127), or VBMCP/VBAD/B (129). The CR rate was significantly higher with VTD than with TD (35% vs 14%, P = .001) or with VBMCP/VBAD/B (35% vs 21%, P = .01). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly longer with VTD (56.2 vs 28.2 vs 35.5 months, P = .01). In an intention-to-treat analysis, the post-ASCT CR rate was higher with VTD than with TD (46% vs 24%, P = .004) or with VBMCP/VBAD/B (46% vs 38%, P = .1). Patients with high-risk cytogenetics had a shorter PFS and overall survival in the overall series and in all treatment groups. In conclusion, VTD resulted in a higher pre- and posttransplantation CR rate and in a significantly longer PFS although it was not able to overcome the poor prognosis of high-risk cytogenetics. Our results support the use of VTD as a highly effective induction regimen prior to ASCT. The study was registered with http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00461747) and Eudra CT (no. 2005-001110-41).
Amphiphilic Cationic Zn-porphyrins with high Photodynamic Antimicrobial Activity (2015)

Antibacterial photoefficiency (throughout the text photoefficiency has been used as equivalent of photocytotoxic efficacy) can be increased by orders of magnitude by increasing the lipophilicity of cationic alkylmetalloporphyrin PSs.
Sunlight Bleaching of Subporphyrazine Dye Films (2023)

Stable subphthalocyanine-type dyes with a high electron affinity attract much attention as potential substitutes for traditional fullerenes in molecular electronics devices. One possible way to enhance the acceptor properties of the subphthalocyanine core is by replacing the peripheral benzene fragments (C6H4) with 1,2,5-thiadiazole fragments (C2N2S1). However, the resistance of these materials to light or atmospheric effect remains an open question, which limits their further application in device manufacturing. In this work, we compare vacuum-deposited films of three derivatives, SubPzS3H0 (all peripheral fragments are 1,2,5-thiadiazoles), SubPzS2H4 (two fragments are 1,2,5-thiadiazoles and one fragment is benzene), and SubPcS0H12 (all benzenes, i.e., parent subphthalocyanine). Practically relevant substrates were used for deposition, namely, bare glass, glass/ITO or FTO, and PET/ITO. Photobleaching of films under continuous 1 sun illumination was studied in laboratory air, synthetic air, and ultrapure argon. It is shown that the exclusion of near-UV photons from the incident light spectrum, which corresponds to the absorption of subphthalocyanines in the Soret-band, strongly inhibits degradation. Absorption in the Q-band range initiates soft annealing rather than photobleaching of films. The stability of the films deposited on glass decreases as SubPzS3H0 &gt; SubPzS2H4 &gt; SubPcS0H12 in air, and vice versa in argon. The substrate adds more complexity to this picture. In argon, the ITO coating reduces degradation of all of the compounds equally, in contrast to the glass samples, while in air, the SubPzS3H0 films discolor completely. The latter reaction proceeds due to the indium-containing species migrating from the conductive coating.
Gestational diabetes associated with a novel mutation (378–379insTT) in the glycerol kinase gene (2015)

Glycerol kinase deficiency (GKD) is an X-linked inborn error of metabolism at the interface of fat and carbohydrate metabolism. We report a male patient with GKD and a novel insertion of TT in exon 5 at position 378 of the GK cDNA (378-379insTT). This resulted in a premature stop codon and 0.8% normal GK activity. The mother is a carrier for this mutation and had gestational diabetes requiring insulin during this pregnancy but not in her previous pregnancy. Given the association between GKD and type 2 diabetes mellitus, it is interesting that the mother had gestational diabetes while carrying an affected fetus. Therefore, GKD is another disease where there may be a maternal-fetal interaction based on genotype. Further investigations may help elucidate the role of GKD in the carrier mother's gestational diabetes. In addition, these studies will provide better-informed counseling to families with GKD regarding the risk to carrier females.
Comparison of regional patch collection vs. whole body washdown for measuring sweat sodium and potassium loss during exercise (2009)

This study compared simultaneous whole body washdown (WBW) and regional skin surface (REG) sweat collections to generate regression equations to predict WBW sweat Na(+) concentration ([Na(+)]) and K(+) concentration ([K(+)]) from single- and five-site REG sweat patch collections. Athletes (10 men, 10 women) cycled in a plastic chamber for 90 min in the heat. Before exercise, the subject and bike were washed with deionized water. After the onset of sweating, sterile patches were attached to the forearm, back, chest, forehead, and thigh and removed on saturation. After exercise, the subject and bike were washed with ammonium sulfate solution to collect all sweat electrolyte loss and determine the volume of unevaporated sweat. All individual patch sites and five-site REG (weighted for local sweat rate and body surface area) were significantly (P = 0.000) correlated with WBW sweat [Na(+)]. The equation for predicting WBW sweat [Na(+)] from five-site REG was y = 0.68x + 0.44 [r = 0.97, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.70] and did not differ between sexes. There were sex differences in the regression results between five-site REG and WBW sweat [K(+)] (men: y = 0.74x + 0.30, r = 0.89, ICC = 0.73; women: y = 0.04x + 3.18, r = 0.03, ICC = 0.00). Five-site REG sweat [Na(+)] and [K(+)] significantly overestimated that of WBW sweat (59 +/- 27 vs. 41 +/- 19 meq/l, P = 0.000 and 4.4 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.6 +/- 0.7 meq/l, P = 0.000, respectively). For both sexes, the best sites for predicting WBW sweat [Na(+)] and [K(+)] were the thigh (1 +/- 8 meq/l < WBW, P = 1.000, y = 0.75x + 11.37, r = 0.96, ICC = 0.93) and chest (0.2 +/- 0.3 meq/l > WBW, P = 1.000, y = 0.76x + 0.55, r = 0.89, ICC = 0.87), respectively. In conclusion, regression equations can be used to accurately and reliably predict WBW sweat [Na(+)] and [K(+)] from REG sweat collections when study conditions and techniques are similar to that of the present protocol.
Softer and more resilient running shoe cushioning properties enhance running economy (2014)

Purpose: Several studies have investigated whether shoe cushioning properties have an effect on running economy. However, the findings have not been unanimous. Studies have shown both increases and decreases in running economy with soft shoes, while other studies have shown participant specific differences. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to add to the body of knowledge describing the effects of shoe cushioning properties on running economy.Methods: This study was comprised of two experiments; one using a stationary metabolic analysis system to measure oxygen consumption during treadmill running, and one using a portable metabolic analysis system to measure oxygen consumption during over-ground running. Twelve aerobically fit athletes participated in each experiment. Two professionally constructed pairs of prototype running shoes were provided by adidas AG for this experiment (Soft shoe and Control shoe). The shoes were identical in construction with the only differences being the midsole material and corresponding stiffness and energy return.Results: For both the treadmill and over-ground experiments, the Soft shoe condition was associated with statistically significantly decreased oxygen consumption compared to the Control shoe condition (Treadmill p = 0.044, Over-ground p = 0.028). In the treadmill experiment, 10 of the 12 subjects consumed less oxygen while wearing the more compliant/resilient condition, with an average decrease for all subjects of 1.0%. In the over-ground experiment 9 of the 12 subjects consumed less oxygen while running in the more compliant/resilient condition, with an average decrease for all subjects of 1.2%.Conclusion: Running shoes with softer and more resilient midsoles were found to influence running economy by 1.0% on average during treadmill and over-ground experiments.
Practical Asymmetric Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl-Containing Aminoester Using a Modified Davis Protocol (2008)

Practical synthesis of aminoester 1 starting from 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-iodopropane is presented. Use of Ti(Oi-Pr)4 as a Lewis acid for condensation of intermediate aldehyde 8 with (S)-(+)-p-toluenesulfinamide was found to be critical. Conditions for a reproducible and high-yielding Wittig reaction of aldehyde hydrate with phosphorus ylide 4, that appear to have general applicability, are described.
1,2,4-Triazinoindoles (1978)

This article surveys the synthesis and chemistry of 1,2,4-triazinoindoles.Spectral data for several substituted 1,2,4-triazinoindoles are reported.
Optical F centre properties and phase transitions in KCN and NaCN crystals (1978)

KCN and NaCN crystals present a structural cubic to orthorhombic phase transition respectively at T1=168K and 288K with a ferroelastic ordering of the CN- ions and an antiferroelectric phase transition respectively at T2=83K and 172K. The optical properties of F centres are studied between 4.2K<T<300K. In absorption the single Gaussian band observed in both crystals in the cubic phase (T>T1) and attributed to the 1s to 2p transition splits in to three components in the orthorhombic phase (T<T1). Below T2 one observes a marked blue shift of the low energy band and, in KCN, the appearance of a small new band at 1.5 eV. These phenomena are explained theoretically by the symmetry change of the crystalline structure at T1 and by the presence of a local electric field for T<T2 due to the alignment of the CN- electric dipoles which produces a internal Stark effect. The small absorption band in the near IR is assigned to the partially allowed (field mixing) 1s to 2s transition.
Eu(OTf)<sub>3</sub>-Catalyzed Highly Regioselective Nucleophilic Ring Opening of 2,3-Epoxy Alcohols: An Efficient Entry to 3-Substituted 1,2-Diol Derivatives (2014)

In our study of the total synthesis of (+)-irciniastatin A, we found a need to develop a method that enables a C3-selective nucleophilic ring opening of 2,3-epoxy alcohol by MeOH, by which we found that the use of combined catalytic amounts of Eu(OTf)3 and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylpyridine (DTBMP) enables the intended transformation to obtain 3-methoxy-1,2-diol efficiently. Promising features of a protocol that effects a highly regioselective nucleophilic ring opening of 2,3- and 3,4-epoxy alcohols using various nucleophiles including alcohols, thiols, and unprotected amines are described.
Whither lung EIT: Where are we, where do we want to go and what do we need to get there? (2012)

Breathing moves volumes of electrically insulating air into and out of the lungs, producing conductivity changes which can be seen by electrical impedance tomography (EIT). It has thus been apparent, since the early days of EIT research, that imaging of ventilation could become a key clinical application of EIT. In this paper, we review the current state and future prospects for lung EIT, by a synthesis of the presentations of the authors at the 'special lung sessions' of the annual biomedical EIT conferences in 2009-2011. We argue that lung EIT research has arrived at an important transition. It is now clear that valid and reproducible physiological information is available from EIT lung images. We must now ask the question: How can these data be used to help improve patient outcomes? To answer this question, we develop a classification of possible clinical scenarios in which EIT could play an important role, and we identify clinical and experimental research programmes and engineering developments required to turn EIT into a clinically useful tool for lung monitoring.
Light propagation analysis in nervous tissue for wireless optogenetic nanonetworks (2018)

In recent years, numerous methods have been sought for developing novel solutions to counter neurodegenerative diseases. An objective that is being investigated by researchers is to develop cortical implants that are able to wirelessly stimulate neurons at the single cell level. This is a major development compared to current solutions that use electrodes, which are only able to target a population of neurons, or optogenetics, which requires optical fiber-leads to be embedded deep into the brain. In this direction, the concept of wireless optogenetic nanonetworks has been recently introduced. In such architecture, miniature devices are implanted in the cortex for neuronal stimulation through optogenetics. One of the aspects that will determine the topology and performance of wireless optogenetic nanonetworks is related to light propagation in genetically-engineered neurons. In this paper, a channel model that captures the peculiarities of light propagation in neurons is developed. First, the light propagation behavior using the modified Beer-Lambert law is analyzed based on the photon transport through the nervous tissue. This includes analyzing the scattering light diffraction and diffusive reflection that results from the absorption of neural cell chromophores, as well as validating the results by means of extensive multiphysics simulations. Then, analysis is conducted on the path loss through cells at different layers of the cortex by taking into account the multi-path phenomenon. Results show that there is a light focusing effect in the soma of neurons that can potentially help the to stimulate the target cells.
Feedback stabilization of semiconductorlaser arrays (1993)

One of the important proposed techniques for increasing the total power emitted from a semiconductor diode-injection laser stripe is to create a scheme whereby several nearly-identical laser stripes are fabricated in close juxtaposition in order that evanescent mode-coupling which occurs will cause them to phase-lock and behave in a well-ordered fashion, emitting light of a single frequency and little phase noise.