gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Notch Signaling in Myeloid Cells as a Regulator of Tumor Immune Responses (2018)

Cancer immunotherapy, which stimulates or augments host immune responses to treat malignancies, is the latest development in the rapidly advancing field of cancer immunology. The basic principles of immunotherapies are either to enhance the functions of specific components of the immune system or to neutralize immune-suppressive signals produced by cancer cells or tumor microenvironment cells. When successful, these approaches translate into long-term survival for patients. However, durable responses are only seen in a subset of patients and so far, only in some cancer types. As for other cancer treatments, resistance to immunotherapy can also develop. Numerous research groups are trying to understand why immunotherapy is effective in some patients but not others and to develop strategies to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapy. The Notch signaling pathway is involved in many aspects of tumor biology, from angiogenesis to cancer stem cell maintenance to tumor immunity. The role of Notch in the development and modulation of the immune response is complex, involving an intricate crosstalk between antigen-presenting cells, T-cell subpopulations, cancer cells, and other components of the tumor microenvironment. Elegant studies have shown that Notch is a central mediator of tumor-induced T-cell anergy and that activation of Notch1 in CD8 T-cells enhances cancer immunotherapy. Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells, altered dendritic cells, and tumor-associated macrophages along with regulatory T cells, are major obstacles to the development of successful cancer immunotherapies. In this article, we focus on the roles of Notch signaling in modulating tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells and discuss implications for therapeutic strategies that modulate Notch signaling to enhance cancer immunotherapy.
Interaction Kinetics of Peptide Lipids-Mediated Gene Delivery (2020)

Abstract Background: During the course of gene transfection, the interaction kinetics between liposomes and DNA is speculated to play very important role for blood stability, cellular uptake, DNA release and finally transfection efficiency. Results: As cationic peptide liposomes exhibited great gene transfer activities both in vitro and in vivo, two peptide lipids, containing a tri-ornithine head (LOrn3) and a mono-ornithine head (LOrn1), were chosen to further clarify the process of liposome-mediated gene delivery in this study. The results show that the electrostatically-driven binding between DNA and liposomes reached nearly 100% at equilibrium, and high affinity of LOrn3 to DNA led to fast binding rate between them. The binding process between LOrn3 and DNA conformed to the kinetics equation: y = 1.663631 × exp(-0.003427x) + 6.278163. Compared to liposome LOrn1, the liposome LOrn3/DNA lipoplex exhibited a faster and more uniform uptake in HeLa cells, as LOrn3 with a tri-ornithine peptide headgroup had a stronger interaction with the negatively charged cell membrane than LOrn1. The efficient endosomal escape of DNA from LOrn3 lipoplex was facilitated by the acidity in late endosomes, resulting in broken carbamate bonds, as well as the “proton sponge effect” of the lipid. Conclusions: The interaction kinetics is a key factor for DNA transfection efficiency. This work provided insights into peptide lipid-mediated DNA delivery that could guide the development of the next generation of delivery systems for gene therapeutics.
The First NDM Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolate in Poland: Evolution of IncFII-Type Plasmids Carrying the <i>bla</i> <sub>NDM-1</sub> Gene (2013)

Poland's first Enterobacteriaceae isolate producing the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) was identified in August 2011. Escherichia coli sequence type ST410 NDM-1 was cultured from a critically ill patient who had been transferred directly from the Congo. The blaNDM-1 gene was carried by conjugative IncFII-type plasmid pMC-NDM (87,619 bp), which showed structural similarity to plasmid pGUE-NDM, which was identified earlier in France in an E. coli ST131 isolate of Indian origin.
Evidence for a role of PDZ domain-containing proteins to mediate hypophosphatemia in calcium stone formers (2017)

Males were more common in the lowest phosphate tiles in both datasets. Phosphate excretion did not vary across the quintiles, excluding diet as a cause of HYP. Tubule maximum (Tm) phosphate per unit glomerular filtration rate decreased and fractional excretion increased with decreasing phosphate quintiles, indicating reduced tubule phosphate reabsorption was responsible for HYP. Urine pH and serum chloride increased with decreasing serum phosphate, suggesting a coordinate change in NHE3 activity. Serum uric acid and Tm uric acid decreased significantly with decreasing serum phosphate, while uric acid excretion did not vary. Conclusion. HYP in SFs results from decreased tubule phosphate reabsorption and, being associated with related changes in other proximal tubule transporters, may arise from alterations in or signaling to PDZ-containing proteins.
NMR Experiments on Rotating Superfluid<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">He</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>A</mml:mi></mml:math>: Evidence for Vorticity (1982)

Experiments on rotating superfluid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$-$A$ in an open cylindrical geometry show a change in the NMR line shape as a result of rotation: The amplitude of the peak decreases in proportion to $f(T)g(\ensuremath{\Omega})$, where $\ensuremath{\Omega}$ is the angular velocity of rotation; at the same time the line broadens. Near ${T}_{c}$, $f(T)$ is a linear function of $1\ensuremath{-}\frac{T}{{T}_{c}}$. At small velocities $g(\ensuremath{\Omega})\ensuremath{\propto}\ensuremath{\Omega}$. These observations are consistent with the existence of vortices in rotating $^{3}\mathrm{He}$-$A$.
Alteration of Electron Acceptor Preferences in the Oxidative Half-Reaction of Flavin-Dependent Oxidases and Dehydrogenases (2020)

In this review, recent progress in the engineering of the oxidative half-reaction of flavin-dependent oxidases and dehydrogenases is discussed, considering their current and future applications in bioelectrochemical studies, such as for the development of biosensors and biofuel cells. There have been two approaches in the studies of oxidative half-reaction: engineering of the oxidative half-reaction with oxygen, and engineering of the preference for artificial electron acceptors. The challenges for engineering oxidative half-reactions with oxygen are further categorized into the following approaches: (1) mutation to the putative residues that compose the cavity where oxygen may be located, (2) investigation of the vicinities where the reaction with oxygen may take place, and (3) investigation of possible oxygen access routes to the isoalloxazine ring. Among these approaches, introducing a mutation at the oxygen access route to the isoalloxazine ring represents the most versatile and effective strategy. Studies to engineer the preference of artificial electron acceptors are categorized into three different approaches: (1) engineering of the charge at the residues around the substrate entrance, (2) engineering of a cavity in the vicinity of flavin, and (3) decreasing the glycosylation degree of enzymes. Among these approaches, altering the charge in the vicinity where the electron acceptor may be accessed will be most relevant.
Broadband Relativistic High-Harmonic Generation Using Few-cycle Multiterawatt Light Pulses (2010)

Relativistic high-order harmonics produced in the interaction of 8fs multi-TW pulses with solids are shown to be significantly broadened as compared to the case of multi-cycle driving pulses. Their potential for single attosecond pulse generation is discussed.
The dual endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan prevents the acute sickle cell-related hypoxic lung and kidney injury in transgenic SAD mice (2006)

International audience
No-Reference Retargeted Image Quality Assessment Based on Pairwise Rank Learning (2016)

In this paper, we propose a novel no-reference image quality assessment method for the retargeted image based on the pairwise rank learning approach. Each retargeted image needs to be first represented as a feature vector, which not only captures the image characteristics but also is sensitive to distortions during the retargeting process. As such, we investigate and examine different image representations for their abilities depicting the perceptual quality of retargeted image. Based on the image representations, we resort to the pairwise rank learning approach to discriminate the perceptual quality between the retargeted image pairs. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively depict the perceptual quality of the retargeted image, which can even perform comparably with the full-reference quality assessment methods.
Q-switched quasi-three level Nd:YAG laser at 946 nm based on single crystal fiber and second harmonic generation (poster) (2013)

International audience
Structural variability of BM-40/SPARC/osteonectin glycosylation: implications for collagen affinity (2004)

We performed a detailed investigation of N-glycan structures on BM-40 purified from different sources including human bone, human platelets, mouse Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) tumor, and human BM-40 recombinantly expressed in 293 and osteosarcoma cells. These preparations were digested with endoglycosidases and N-glycans were further characterized by sequential exoglycosidase digestion and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. Bone BM-40 carries high-mannose structures as well as biantennary complex type N-glycans, whereas the protein from platelets and 293 cells has exclusively bi- and triantennary complex type structures. BM-40 derived from the EHS tumor carries biantennary complex type and additional hybrid structures. Using the osteosarcoma-derived MHH-ES1 cell line we successfully expressed a recombinant BM-40 that bears at least in part the bone-specific high-mannose N-glycosylation in addition to complex type and hybrid structures. Using chromatography on Concanavalin-A Sepharose, we further purified a fraction enriched in high-mannose structures. This array of differentially glycosylated BM-40 proteins was assayed by surface plasmon resonance measurements to investigate the binding to collagen I. BM-40 carrying high-mannose structures binds collagen I with higher affinity, suggesting that differentially glycosylated forms may have different functional roles in vivo.
Improved lesion detection in SPECT using MLEM reconstruction (1991)

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was applied to determine if the maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) reconstruction algorithm improves lesion detectability in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) when compared with a filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm. The performance of the reconstruction algorithms was evaluated based on cold lesion detection by human observers. Simulated SPECT projection data with added Poisson noise were constructed using the MLEM and the FBP algorithms. The parameters of the study, including lesion size and total counts, were chosen to maximize the statistical power of the test. Three hundred images were generated and nine observers were employed for the study. The average ROC curves for both reconstruction methods were measured. Diagnostic performance was quantified using the area under the ROC curves. MLEM showed improved detectability for all the observers. Observer P-values were calculated, and Student's t-test was performed in order to verify the statistical significance of the observed improvement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Soft Actuators for Soft Robotic Applications: A Review (2020)

Soft robotics technologies are paving the way toward robotic abilities which are vital for a wide range of applications, including manufacturing, manipulation, gripping, human–machine interaction, locomotion, and more. An essential component in a soft robot is the soft actuator which provides the system with a deformable body and allows it to interact with the environment to achieve a desired actuation pattern, such as locomotion. This Review article aims to provide researchers interested in the soft robotics field with a reference guide about the various state‐of‐the‐art soft actuation methodologies that are developed with a wide range of stimuli including light, heat, applied electric and magnetic fields with a focus on their various applications in soft robotics. The underlying principles of the soft actuators are discussed with a focus on the resulting motion complexities, deformations, and multi‐functionalities. Finally, various promising applications and examples of the different soft actuators are discussed in addition to their further development potential.
Uncertainty Principle in the Elucidation of the Extraction Mechanism of Ions from Aqueous towards Ionic Liquid Phases. PtCl <sub>6</sub> <sup>2−</sup> and [C <sub>1</sub> C <sub>8</sub> IM][NTf <sub>2</sub> ] as a Textbook Case (2016)

Abstract The extraction mechanism of Pt(IV) from aqueous HCl solutions towards the ionic liquid 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([C 1 C 8 IM][NTf 2 ]) is deciphered. To that end, aqueous speciation of Pt(IV) as a function of HCl was studied by 195 Pt NMR. Influence of the concentration of HCl (ranging from 1 to 12 M) and of the initial concentration of Pt(IV) (ranging from 10 −5 to 10 −2 M) in the aqueous phase on the distribution coefficients of Pt(IV) was systematically investigated. The decrease in D with the concentrations of HCl and Pt(IV) observed is quantitatively very well described with a model using three chemical equilibria, namely the solubility of the ionic liquid in water, the extraction of PtCl 6 2− through an ion‐pair formation and that of Cl − towards the ionic liquid phase. D values were then predicted over a wider range of concentrations for HCl and PtCl 6 2− . Alternatively, the extraction of PtCl 6 2− was described using an anion exchange hypothesis and it is demonstrated that these two apparently different mechanisms are actually equivalent within hydrophobic ionic liquids. Because the two versions of the extraction model presented here are not specific to PtCl 6 2− or the ionic liquid, they can be generalized to the extraction of any charged (metal) complex and any hydrophobic ionic liquid, allowing us to outline a general uncertainty principle in the determination of extraction mechanisms in systems involving ionic liquids
Spontaneous oxidation of xenon to Xe(II) by cationic Ag(II) in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride solutions (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpontaneous oxidation of xenon to Xe(II) by cationic Ag(II) in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride solutionsBoris Zemva, Rika Hagiwara, William J. Casteel Jr., Karel Lutar, Adolf Jesih, and Neil BartlettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 12, 4846–4849Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00168a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00168a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views279Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
1/f Noise and DC Characterization of Partially Depleted SOI N-and P-MOSFETs from 20 &amp;amp;#186; C-250 &amp;amp;#186; C (2005)

A summary of measured small-signal parameters and low frequency noise characterized over temperature is presented for N- and P- MOSFETs fabricated in a partially depleted SOI 0.8 mum process. Small-signal dc parameters critical in analog circuit design are reported including device transconductance efficiency (g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> ), output resistance (r <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> ), and threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ). These parameters are summarized as a function of both gate length (0.8mum, 2.0mum, 5.0mum, and 20mum) and temperature (20deg to 300degC). Noise characterization of these devices is also presented with an emphasis on flicker noise over temperature (20deg to 250degC). Data is presented in terms of both drain current and inversion coefficient, where appropriate. Use of this information provides the designer with an excellent tool for estimating analog circuit performance in applications where wide temperature range performance is required
Static versus dynamic group-screening models (2013)

Group screening can lead to a tremendous reduction in number of tests and costs, and therefore has attracted considerable attention in literature. For several decades, a model from Robert Dorfman was the de facto standard to determine the optimal group size. However, more recently, it has been pointed out that the model from Dorfman is rather static, i.e., a predetermined large number of items has to be screened, whereas in reality the context is rather dynamic: items arrive at random moments in time, in groups of different and random size. In this paper, we investigate to what extent the optimal group size in the static model from Dorfman remains efficient in a dynamic context. This is of vital importance for practitioners, as the model from Dorfman was the de facto standard for several decades and thus has to be validated. On top of that, even though dynamic models exist nowadays, these are much harder to implement and require a time-consuming processing time, due to the numerical work that is involved, such as repeatedly calculating zeroes of functions and solving sets of equations. Keywords-group screening; optimal group size; static model; dynamic model; model validation
Single-Conformation Ultraviolet and Infrared Spectroscopy of Model Synthetic Foldamers:  β-Peptides Ac-β<sup>3</sup>-hPhe-β<sup>3</sup>-hAla-NHMe and Ac-β<sup>3</sup>-hAla-β<sup>3</sup>-hPhe-NHMe (2008)

The conformational preferences and infrared and ultraviolet spectral signatures of two model beta-peptides, Ac-beta3-hPhe-beta3-hAla-NHMe (1) and Ac-beta3-hAla-beta3-hPhe-NHMe (2), have been explored under jet-cooled, isolated-molecule conditions. The mass-resolved, resonant two-photon ionization spectra of the two molecules were recorded in the region of the S0-S1 origin of the phenyl substituents (37,200-37,800 cm(-1)). UV-UV hole-burning spectroscopy was used to determine the ultraviolet spectral signatures of five conformational isomers of both 1 and 2. Transitions due to two conformers (labeled A and B) dominate the R2PI spectra of each molecule, while the other three are minor conformers (C-E) with transitions a factor of 3-5 smaller. Resonant ion-dip infrared spectroscopy was used to obtain single-conformation infrared spectra in the 3300-3700 cm(-1) region. The infrared spectra showed patterns of NH stretch transitions characteristic of the number and type of intramolecular H-bonds present in the beta-peptide backbone. For comparison with experiment, full optimizations of low-lying minima of both molecules were carried out at DFT B3LYP/6-31+G*, followed by single point MP2/6-31+G* and selected MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ calculations at the DFT optimized geometries. Calculated harmonic vibrational frequencies and infrared intensities for the amide NH stretch vibrations were used to determine the beta-peptide backbone structures for nine of the ten observed conformers. Conformers 1B, 1D, and 2A were assigned to double ring structures containing two C6 H-bonded rings (C6a/C6a), conformers 1A and 2B are C10 single H-bonded rings, conformers 1C and 2D are double ring structures composed of two C8 H-bonded rings (C8/C8), and conformers 1E and 2E are double ring/double acceptor structures in which two NH groups H-bond to the same C=O group, thereby weakening both H-bonds. Both 1E and 2E are tentatively assigned to C6/C8 double ring/double acceptor structures, although C8/C12 structures cannot be ruled out unequivocally. Finally, no firm conformational assignment has been made for conformer 2C whose unusual infrared spectrum contains one very strong H-bond with NH stretch frequency at 3309 cm(-1), a second H-bonded NH stretch fundamental of more typical value (3399 cm(-1)), and a third fundamental at 3440 cm(-1), below that typical of a branched-chain free NH. The single conformation spectra provide characteristic wavenumber ranges for the amide NH stretch fundamentals ascribed to C6 (3378-3415 cm(-1)), C8 (3339-3369 cm(-1)), and C10 (3381-3390 cm(-1)) H-bonded rings.
Implications of recent experimental results for modeling reactions in turbulent flows (1986)

The general subject of this paper is turbulent mixing, chemical reactions, and combustion in fully developed shear layers and jets. More specifically, the purpose is to review the results of a series of experiments that seems to us to have important implications for understanding and modeling of these flows, with possible implications for dealing with turbulent transport in general. A comprehensive review of all important and useful recent experiments on the subject will not be undertaken; instead, attention is focused on some experiments that have, in our opinion, revealed new features of the mixing and combustion processes in turbulent shear flows. &#13;\n&#13;\nThe recognition of the importance of the large-scale organized structure (e.g., Ref. 1) in turbulent shear flows has given new directions to research in this field. While there is no doubt that the existence of the large structures has been recognized for some time (see, for example, Refs. 2 and 3), it was believed that their main effect on turbulent transport was the convolution at low wavenumbers of the turbulent/nonturbulent interface in the flow, which could be accounted for through the notion of intermittency. Much of the recent work, both theoretical and experimental, has had the objective of clarifying the fluid mechanics. For the purposes of the present discussion, our interest is in the implications for turbulent transport and diffusion of scalars, where the role of the large-scale organized motions is perhaps clearer. A complete theory would, of course, deal with the momentum and scalar equations simultaneously, but since it is likely to be some time before such a theory is available, it seems worthwhile to see what can be deduced from the evidence already at hand.