gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Potential for Redox-Active Metabolites To Enhance or Unlock Anaerobic Survival Metabolisms in Aerobes (2020)

Classifying microorganisms as "obligate" aerobes has colloquially implied death without air, leading to the erroneous assumption that, without oxygen, they are unable to survive. However, over the past few decades, more than a few obligate aerobes have been found to possess anaerobic energy conservation strategies that sustain metabolic activity in the absence of growth or at very low growth rates. Similarly, studies emphasizing the aerobic prowess of certain facultative aerobes have sometimes led to underrecognition of their anaerobic capabilities. Yet an inescapable consequence of the affinity both obligate and facultative aerobes have for oxygen is that the metabolism of these organisms may drive this substrate to scarcity, making anoxic survival an essential skill. To illustrate this, we highlight the importance of anaerobic survival strategies for <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Streptomyces coelicolor</i>, representative facultative and obligate aerobes, respectively. Included among these strategies, we describe a role for redox-active secondary metabolites (RAMs), such as phenazines made by <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, in enhancing substrate-level phosphorylation. Importantly, RAMs are made by diverse bacteria, often during stationary phase in the absence of oxygen, and can sustain anoxic survival. We present a hypothesis for how RAMs may enhance or even unlock energy conservation pathways that facilitate the anaerobic survival of both RAM producers and nonproducers.
Wireless power transfer for access limited wireless underground sensor networks (2016)

Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs) present a variety of new research challenges. Magnetic induction (MI) based transmission has been proposed to overcome the very harsh propagation conditions in underground communications in recent years. In this approach, induction coils are utilized as antennas in the sensor nodes. This solution achieves larger transmission ranges compared to the traditional electromagnetic (EM) waves based approach. In the past, some efforts have been made to characterize the signal transmission in MI-WUSNs. Those investigations, however, refer mostly to the information transmission. One of the open issues, that may constrain the system design in some of the applications, is the powering of the individual sensor nodes. Due to the low accessibility of the nodes, a new method of wireless power transfer (WPT) for MI-WUSNs is proposed in this work. This method is mainly based on simultaneous signal transmissions from multiple sensor nodes with optimized signal constellations. Furthermore, the optimal scheduling for power transmission and reception is provided, which maximizes the energy efficiency of the network charging procedure. The proposed method is compared with the naive approach and shows a significant improvement of the system performance in terms of energy efficiency.
COST-EFFECTIVE MANUFACTURING OF HOLLOW COMPOSITE STRUCTURES BY BLADDER INFLATION MOULDING (1999)

The bladder inflation moulding process, combined with the use of commingled yarns of thermoplastic and reinforcing fibres, offers the potential for the cost-effective manufacture of complex-shaped hollow composite parts. Manufacturing cost savings partly result from very short fibre impregnation times, which can be predicted by a consolidation model recently developed. The accuracy of the model predictions was demonstrated by comparison with experimental porosity measurements on tubes made from braided commingled yarns of polyamide-12 fibres and carbon fibres. The economic competitiveness of the bladder inflation moulding process was shown using a cost estimation model applied to bicycle handlebars made from PA12/CF commingled yarns.
La2O3-loaded SnO2 Element as a CO2 Gas Sensor (1991)

Abstract Among SnO2 elements modified by various metal oxides, La2O3-loaded SnO2 element was found to show promising sensing properties to CO2 in dry air at 673 K, rather high sensitivity and quick response. The sensitivity to CO2 depended on the operation temperature and the amounts of metal oxides loaded. A linear relationship between the sensitivity and the concentration of CO2 was observed for La2O3-loaded SnO2 element.
Therapeutic potential of the immunomodulatory activities of adult mesenchymal stem cells (2010)

Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) include a select population of resident cells within adult tissues, which retain the ability to differentiate along several tissue-specific lineages under defined media conditions and have finite expansion potential in vitro. These adult progenitor populations have been identified in various tissues, but it remains unclear exactly what role both transplanted and native MSCs play in processes of disease and regeneration. Interestingly, increasing evidence reveals a unique antiinflammatory immunomodulatory phenotype shared among this population, lending support to the idea that MSCs play a central role in early tissue remodeling responses where a controlled inflammatory response is required. However, additional evidence suggests that MSCs may not retain infinite immune privilege and that the context with which these cells are introduced in vivo may influence their immune phenotype. Therefore, understanding this dynamic microenvironment in which MSCs participate in complex feedback loops acting upon and being influenced by a plethora of secreted cytokines, extracellular matrix molecules, and fragments will be critical to elucidating the role of MSCs in the intertwined processes of immunomodulation and tissue repair.
Development Of SCIAMACHY Operational ESA Level 2 Products Towards Version 5 And Beyond (2009)

Since the foundation of the SCIAMACHY Quality Working Group (SQWG) in a joint ESA-DLR-NIVR inter-agency effort in late 2006, the ESA operational Level 2 processor was significantly improved w.r.t. data quality and product range. During the last two years the product list was substantially enhanced by new (total columns of SO2, BrO, OClO, H2O, CO, Limb BrO profiles, Limb cloud flags) and improved products (total columns of O3, NO2, Absorbing Aerosol Index, Limb O3 profiles, Limb NO2 profiles). For example, important improvements were achieved in the O3 and NO2 profile calculation by implementing an upgraded retrieval scheme and using now Level 1b version 7.0 data with an improved pointing correction. Nadir products of total column O3 and Absorbing Aerosol Index were improved by applying a radiometric degradation correction (m-factors) in the Level 1 to 2 processing step.
Differential Ability of Primary HIV-1 Nef Isolates To Downregulate HIV-1 Entry Receptors (2015)

HIV-1 Nef, a key factor for viral pathogenesis, downregulates functionally important molecules from the surface of infected cells, including the viral entry receptor CD4 and coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4. This activity enhances viral replication by protecting infected cells from cytotoxicity associated with superinfection and may also serve as an immune evasion strategy. However, how these activities are maintained under selective pressure in vivo remains elusive. We addressed this question by analyzing functions of primary Nef clones isolated from patients at various infection stages and with different disease phenotypes, including elite controllers, who spontaneously control HIV-1 viremia to undetectable levels. The results indicated that downregulation of HIV-1 entry receptors, particularly CCR5, is impaired in Nef clones from elite controllers. These functional impairments were driven by rare Nef polymorphisms and adaptations associated with cellular immune responses, underscoring the complex molecular pathways responsible for maintaining and attenuating viral protein function in vivo.
OLAP Cubes for Social Searches: Standing on the Shoulders of Giants? (2008)

The advent of social bookmarking has signaled a new era towards a more “pluralistic” web, where entities of multiple types (e.g., users, resources, tags) can coexist and get interconnected. In this paper, we propose going beyond classical searches for resources based on keywords to exploring social data starting from any type of entity, i.e., user, resource or annotation, and requesting aggregated views of related entities based on the relationships defined between entities. We map this type of social searching to OLAP query processing bridging the gap between OLAP and the social web and we study various ways to support on-the-fly aggregations of social data. We further describe how data cubes can be used for precomputing and materializing the results of all possible aggregate queries over a social dataset. Our experiments show that cubes can efficiently support searches over social data and they particularly fit searches that combine popular entities over large datasets.
Reconstitution Of PF1 In Platelets From Factor V-Deficient Donors As A Function Of Available PF3 (1981)

Reconstitution of membrane-associated Factor V-like activity (PF1) in human platelets isolated from severe F.V-deficient donors was assessed following incubations in citrated normal platelet free plasma. Coagulant activities were measured using: a one-stage prothrombin time, the Stypven time and a modified KAPTT in which the kaolin particles were removed from the plasma prior to recalcification. The supernatant from 3x frozen-and-thawed lysed normal platelets was used as a standard for 100% PF1 and 100% PF3. Normal platelets gel filtered or centrifuge-washed in the presence of adenosine, theophylline and PGEj had &lt;1% available PFI and PF3, whereas platelets from severe F.V-deficient donors isolated by the same procedure had no PF1 and the same amount of PF3. The supernatant from 3x frozen-and-thawed lysed F.V-deficient platelets also had no PF1 but had 100% total PF3. When gel filtered, PFl-deficient platelets were incubated in normal plasma, they acquired about 1% PF1 which did not change following freezing-and-thawing. By contrast, PFI-deficent platelets washed in the absence of these inhibitors had 15-20 times more available PF3 and acquired about 15-20 times more total PFI after incubation in normal plasma. When either the crude frozen-and-thawed lysed membrane supernatant from these PFl-deficient platelets (100% available PF3) or a partially purified membrane-rich fraction from this supernatant was incubated with normal plasma, then 100% reconstitution of PFI was achieved. PF1 was also reconstituted in a purified system using all-or-none binding when the PF3-containing lipid-protein particles secreted by platelets, upon collagen induced aggregation, were incubated with purified human F.Va. Following incubation, these particles had the same amount of PFI as the PF3-containing particles from normal platelets. It is apparent that in human platelets a correlation exists between the amount of available PF3 and the capacity to reconstitute PFI.
Nosetip bluntness effects on transition at hypersonic speeds: experimental and numerical analysis under NATO STO AVT-240 (2018)

The existing database of transition measurements in hypersonic ground facilities has established that the onset of boundary layer transition over a circular cone at zero angle of attack shifts downstream as the nosetip bluntness is increased with respect to a sharp cone. However, this trend is reversed at suciently large values of the nosetip Reynolds number, so that the transition onset location eventually moves upstream with a further increase in nosetip bluntness. This transition reversal phenomenon, which cannot be ex- plained on the basis of linear stability theory, was the focus of a collaborative investigation under the NATO STO group AVT-240 on Hypersonic Boundary-Layer Transition Predic- tion. The current paper provides an overview of that e ort, which included wind tunnel measurements in three di erent facilities and theoretical analysis related to modal and nonmodal ampli cation of boundary layer disturbances. Because neither rst and second- mode waves nor entropy-layer instabilities are found to be substantially ampli ed to ini- tiate transition at large bluntness values, transient (i.e., nonmodal) disturbance growth has been investigated as the potential basis for a physics-based model for the transition reversal phenomenon. Results of the transient growth analysis indicate that disturbances that are initiated within the nosetip or in the vicinity of the juncture between the nosetip and the frustum can undergo relatively signi cant nonmodal ampli cation and that the maximum energy gain increases nonlinearly with the nose radius of the cone. This nding does not provide a de nitive link between transient growth and the onset of transition, but it is qualitatively consistent with the experimental observations that frustum transition during the reversal regime was highly sensitive to wall roughness, and furthermore, was dominated by disturbances that originated near the nosetip.
An I/O Separation Model for Formal Verification of Kernel Implementations (2021)

Commodity I/O hardware often fails to separate I/O transfers of isolated OS and applications code. Even when using the best I/O hardware, commodity systems sometimes trade off separation assurance for increased performance. Remarkably, device firmware need not be malicious. Instead, any malicious driver, even if isolated in its own execution domain, can manipulate its device to breach I/O separation. To prevent such vulnerabilities with high assurance, a formal I/O separation model and its use in automatic generation of secure I/O kernel code is necessary.This paper presents a formal I/O separation model, which defines a separation policy based on authorization of I/O transfers and is hardware agnostic. The model, its refinement, and instantiation in the Wimpy kernel design, are formally specified and verified in Dafny. We then specify the kernel implementation and automatically generate verified-correct assembly code that enforces the I/O separation policies. Our formal modeling enables the discovery of heretofore unknown design and implementation vulnerabilities of the original Wimpy kernel. Finally, we outline how the model can be applied to other I/O kernels and conclude with the key lessons learned.
Modeling Charge / Discharge Kinetics of the W' During Intermittent Exercise (2011)

The Critical Power model concerns the relationship between work rate (P, in watts) and fatigue, and includes two constants: the CP and the W'. These are related according to the equation (Whipp 1982): W' = (P-CP)t The CP is a power that can be maintained indefinitely on the basis of "aerobic" metabolism. The W' is a finite work capacity (in joules) available above CP (i.e. in the final sprint of a bicycle race), which is recharged curvilinearly (Ferguson 2010). Depletion of the W' results in extreme fatigue. Thus, knowledge of the W' can be helpful when developing a race strategy (Fukuba and Whipp 1999). PURPOSE: To develop a function to account for the kinetics of the W' during intermittent exercise, permitting constant monitoring of the athlete's "W' balance" remaining. METHODS: After determining GET, VO2max, CP and W', 6 recreationally active subjects carried out 5 separate exercise tests on an electronically braked ergometer. Each set was repeated until fatigue. 1: 60s of severe intensity exercise with 30s of 20W recovery 2: 60s of severe intensity exercise with 30s of moderate recovery 3: 60s of severe intensity exercise with 30s of heavy recovery 4: 60s of severe intensity exercise with 30s of severe recovery 5: A constant power trial in the severe domain The data were fit to the equation: where (t-u) = time between samples resulting in a depletion of W', and tc is the time constant of recharge, dependent on recovery power. The tc was varied by an iterative process until modeled W'balance = 0 at the time of fatigue. Derived time constants were plotted against %CP during recovery. RESULTS: Below CP, time constants of W' recharge were correlated with recovery power (r = 0.73). There was no correlation if recovery power exceeded CP. Time constants of W' recharge were correlated with the CP during 20W recovery (avg = 369s, SD = 23s, r = 0.86), moderate recovery (avg = 504s, SD = 115s, r = 0.55) and heavy recovery (avg = 579s, SD = 114s, r = 0.69), but not severe recovery or continuous severe exercise. CONCLUSION: It is possible to model the discharge and recharge of the W' during intermittent exercise. This could have important implications for the planning and real time monitoring of athletic performance.
Investigation of multivalent double perovskites as electrodes for high temperature energy conversion (2012)

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are direct energy conversion devices that have demonstrated viability due to the associated high efficiencies, utilization of transition metal catalyst, and their unique fuel flexibility, which allows the use of dirty hydrocarbons. These high temperature systems typically utilize fuel electrodes composed of a ceramic/metal (cermet) composite that is comprised of nickel and yittria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). While these systems have demonstrated performance potential due to the catalysis and electrical conductivity of nickel metal, a key shortcoming is the poor thermal stability of nickel metal at operating temperatures of 750-1000°C, for which increased temperature enhances performance. Nickel metal particle networks as well as other transition metal catalysts operating at high temperatures coarsen or agglomerate resulting in the loss of continuous electronic pathways. To address these challenges, new materials have been sought after to replace the mixed metal and ceramic two-phase Ni/YSZ fuel electrode. One proposed solution is to utilize a single phase Mixed Ionic Electronic Conductor (MIEC) to replace the traditional cermet structure. In this study, the analysis and characterization of the processing and sintering of Sr 2-xVMoO 6-delta perovskites, where x=0.0, 0.1 and 0.2, was investigated. Sr 2-xVMoO 6-delta substrates were sintered in a reducing atmosphere (5%H 2 95%N 2) and the x-ray diffraction patterns indicate that the double perovskite is the primary phase for Sr 2-xVMoO 6-delta pellets sintered at 1200°C and 1300°C for 20 hours. However, these pellets show a secondary phase of SrMoO 4-delta. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed a deficiency of vanadium on the pellet surfaces in which samples yielded surface vanadium concentrations of less than 5%. The vanadium inhomogeneity can be explained by the formation of the SrMoO 4-delta scheelite phase due to oxygen exposure on the surface of the pellets, which indicates inward vanadium migration to the bulk. Sr 2-xVMoO 6-delta pellets sintered at 1300°C showed very high conductivity, with Sr 1.9VMoO 6-delta exhibiting conductivity over 100,000S/cm at room temperature. The conductivity tests also indicate a semiconductor to metallic transition for all double perovskites related to the reduction of Mo6+ to Mo4+. Utilizing the double perovskites as fuel electrodes proved to be difficult, due to anion transport leading to secondary phases and thus delamination.
Transverse section imaging of mean clearance time (1978)

Transverse sections representing the magnitude of clearance rates or the mean transit time of radionuclide flow through known volumes of interest are computed from angular projections. First the integrated counts for all time intervals at each projection bin for each angle are computed. These modified projection sums are convolved with a filter and backprojected to form an integrated event image. A second image is formed by backprojected the sum over time of the projected values for each angle weighted time. The ratio of the second image to the first image gives a mean clearance time image with high signal to noise and accuracy after thresholding to remove noise in zero-flow regions. The algorithm is verified by computer simulations and has a major benefit in the savings of computational time by a factor of 10 for anticipated clinical studies of brain and kidney blood flow and lung ventilation and perfusion.
Genetic-algorithm-directed polarimetric sensing for optimum pattern classification (2004)

In this paper an automated technique for adaptive radar polarimetric pattern classification is described. The approach is based on a genetic algorithm that uses probabilistic patterns separation distance function and searches for those transmit and receive states of polarization sensing angles that optimize this function. Seven pattern separation distance functions, the Rayleigh quotient, Bhattacharyya, Divergence, Kolmogorov, Matusta, Kullback-Leibler distances, and the Bayesian Probability of Error, are used on real, fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar target signatures. Each of these signatures is represented as functions of transmit and receive polarization ellipticity angle and the angle of polarization ellipse. The results indicate that based on the majority of the distance functions used; there is a unique set of state of polarization angles whose use will lead to improved classification performance.
&lt;title&gt;Commercialization of a JAUGS autonomous development vehicle&lt;/title&gt; (2002)

Autonomous systems have not become mainstream because of the shortcomings in the sensing of the environment and the required intelligence to react to it appropriately. Another hindrance to its maturity is the lack of a standard. Great innovations have been made in isolated applications for both sensing and intelligence, but it has been difficult to leverage them in other systems. Autonomous Solutions Inc. has built a development platform with the JPO JAUGS standard enabling rapid development of compliant hardware and software modules.
Multiterawatt Ti:Sapphire/KrF laser GARPUN-MTW as a test bench facility for verification of combined amplification of nanosecond and subpicosecond pulses (2010)

The possibility of the same large-aperture KrF laser driver to amplify simultaneously both nanosecond pulses for thermonuclear target implosion and picosecond ones for fuel ignition is discussed relative to KrF-based Fusion Test Facility. In this way experiments were performed at hybrid Ti:Sapphire/KrF GARPUN-MTW facility on amplification of subpicosecond pulses. 2-TW, 330-fs pulses were produced with beam divergence 20 μrad in direct double-pass amplification scheme. Peak power as high as 30–40 TW can be achieved in 50-fs pulses, being combined with long pulses (of a few ns to 100 ns) of ∼1 GW power.
Correction: Surveying the spatial distribution of feral sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and its sympatry with johnsongrass (S. halepense) in South Texas (2018)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195511.].
Statistical modeling and classification of reflectance confocal\n microscopy images (2017)

This paper deals with the characterization and classification of reflectance\nconfocal microscopy images of human skin. The aim is to identify and\ncharacterize the lentigo, a phenomenon that originates at the dermo-epidermic\njunction of the skin. High resolution confocal images are acquired at different\nskin depths and are analyzed for each depth. Histograms of pixel intensities\nassociated with a given depth are determined, showing that the generalized\ngamma distribution (GGD) is a good statistical model for confocal images. A GGD\nis parameterized by translation, scale and shape parameters. These parameters\nare estimated using a new estimation method based on a natural gradient descent\nshowing fast convergence properties with respect to state-of-the-art estimation\nmethods. The resulting parameter estimates can be used to classify clinical\nimages of healthy and lentigo patients. The obtained results show that the\nscale and shape parameters are good features to identify and characterize the\npresence of lentigo in skin tissues.\n