gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applicability of SOS-FR (Steam-Over-Solvent Injection in Fractured Reservoirs) Method for Heavy-Oil Recovery from Deep Fractured Carbonates (2009)

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference. Abstract Tapping heavy-oil from fractured carbonates is a real challenge due to unfavourable rock and reservoir characteristics. Thermal or solvent injection techniques are two possible options to mobilize -matrix- oil of naturally fractured reservoirs by reducing its viscosity. Reservoir heating, however, becomes a necessity as the oil gravity gets lower and steam injection is the only effective way to heat the matrix containing oil using the fracture network as conduit to distribute steam. Reservoirs at marginal depths for effective steam injection (&amp;gt;800 m) adds more difficulty to the problem. The application eventually becomes hot-water injection but the efficiency of the process could be improved by adding a solvent component. We introduced a new technique called Steam-Over-Solvent in Fractured Reservoirs (SOS-FR) for efficient heavy-oil recovery from fractured reservoirs, more specifically carbonates. The process consists of cyclical injection of steam and solvent in the following manner: Phase-1: Steam injection to heat up the matrix and recover oil mainly by thermal expansion, Phase-2: Solvent injection to produce matrix oil through diffusion-imbibition-drainage processes, and Phase-3: Steam injection to retrieve injected solvent and recover more heavy-oil. Our preliminary experiments run under static conditions, i.e., soaking the sample into hot water and solvent alternately (SPE 117626) showed that, under very unfavorable conditions (oil-wet carbonates and sandstones, 14,000 cp crude), oil recovery at the end of Phase-3 was around 85–90% OOIP with 80–85% solvent retrieval, which was mainly due to wettability alteration. This paper presents further experimental results specifically on carbonates. Heptane was selected as the solvent to inject through a single-matrix/single-fracture oil-wet carbonates saturated with 14,000 cp oil. The previous static experiments were compared to the dynamic ones to reach a conclusion on optimal injection scheme; cyclic or continuous. For this analysis, the experimental results were matched to a single matrix/single fracture numerical model and parameters needed for field scale simulation (matrix-fracture interaction parameters such as thermal diffusion, solvent diffusion and dispersion coefficients) were obtained. Using the data obtained through matching, field scale simulations were performed. The main focus was the matrix size and first an up-scaling study to field conditions was performed. Then, a field-scale sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the optimal injection scheme for different depths (soaking time for cyclic and injection rate for continuous injection) and durations, and surface steam quality. Specific observations and conclusions as to how to apply this technique in the field economically were reported. It is hoped this new technique will be an alternative for tapping heavy matrix oil from oil-wet, fractured, deep, carbonate fields.
Intrinsic Shuttle Suppression in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries for Pouch Cell Application (2017)

A new lithium-sulfur secondary battery concept is presented, realistically portrayed on pouch cell level, with its decisive element being a new electrolyte system, a mixture of a hydrofluoro ether and sulfolane. The hereby suppressed polysulfide solubility enables high discharge capacities and requires only very low electrolyte excess (&lt; 2.6 µl mgS-1) achieving high coulomb efficiencies above 94 % (capacity retention of 77 % over 40 cycles) without the necessity of adding lithium nitrate for shuttle suppression. Due to the low volatility, this new electrolyte concept promises significant benefits for large operational battery units.
Improved controller design of Grid Friendly&amp;#x2122; Appliances for primary frequency response (2015)

The Grid Friendly™ Appliance (GFA) controller, developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, was originally designed to autonomously switch off appliances by detecting under-frequency events. In this paper, the feasibility of using the GFA controller to provide primary frequency response is investigated. In particular, the impacts of an important design parameter, i.e., curtailing frequency threshold, on the primary frequency response are carefully analyzed for different situations. In the normal situation, the current method of selecting curtailing frequency thresholds for GFAs is found to be insufficient to guarantee the desired performance especially when the frequency deviation is shallow. In the extreme situations, the power reduction of online GFAs could be so excessive that it can even impact the system frequency negatively. As the first step towards the efforts to make GFAs suitable for providing primary frequency response, the existing controller design is improved by modifying the strategy of selecting curtailing frequency thresholds to ensure the effectiveness of GFAs in the normal situation.
MBT Timing Detection and its Closed-Loop Control Using In-Cylinder Ionization Signal (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Maximum Brake Torque (MBT) timing for an internal combustion engine is the minimum advance of spark timing for best torque. Traditionally, MBT timing is an open loop feedforward control whose values are experimentally determined by conducting spark sweeps at different speed, load points and at different environmental operating conditions. Almost every calibration point needs a spark sweep to see if the engine can be operated at the MBT timing condition. If not, a certain degree of safety margin is needed to avoid pre-ignition or knock during engine operation. Open-loop spark mapping usually requires a tremendous amount of effort and time to achieve a satisfactory calibration. This paper shows that MBT timing can be achieved by regulating a composite feedback measure derived from the in-cylinder ionization signal referenced to a top dead center crank angle position. A PI (proportional and integral) controller is used to illustrate closed-loop control of MBT timing. The test results show that the control, using the ionization current based feedback signal, not only maintains the engine average ignition timing at its MBT timing but also reduces the cycle-to-cycle variations.&lt;/div&gt;
Data from Genes Associated with Prostate Cancer Are Differentially Expressed in African American and European American Men (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background:&lt;/b&gt; Despite more aggressive screening across all demographics and gradual declines in mortality related to prostate cancer (PCa) in the United States, disparities among populations persist. A substantial proportion of African American men (AAM) have a higher overall incidence, earlier age of onset, increased proportion of clinically advanced disease, and increased bone metastases and mortality from PCa compared to European American men (EAM). Limited early evidence indicates that underlying causes for disparities may be observed in tumor-specific gene expression programs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; This study used microarray-based methods to measure expression levels for 517 genes that were previously associated with PCa in archived formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) specimens; testing the hypothesis that gene expression features of functional consequence to cancer distinguish PCa from AAM and EAM. A &lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt; test was conducted comparing AAM to EAM expression levels for each probe on the array.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Analysis of 639 tumor samples (270 AAM, 369 EAM) showed that 95 genes were overexpressed specifically in PCa from AAM relative to EAM and 132 were overexpressed in PCa from EAM relative to AAM. Furthermore, systems-level analyses highlight the relevant signaling pathways and functions associated with the EAM- or AAM-specific overexpressed gene sets, for example, inflammation and lipid metabolism.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Results here bring further understanding to the potential for molecular differences for PCa in AAM versus EAM.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Impact:&lt;/b&gt; The results support the notion that therapeutic benefits will be realized when targeted treatments are designed to acknowledge and address a greater spectrum of PCa subtypes and molecular distinctions. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(5); 891–7. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
MgO /p- GaN enhancement mode metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (2004)

We report the initial demonstration of an enhancement mode MgO/p-GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) utilizing Si+ ion-implanted regions under the source and drain to provide a source of minority carriers for inversion. The breakdown voltage for an 80-nm-thick MgO gate dielectric was ∼14 V, corresponding to a breakdown field strength of 1.75 MV cm−1 and the p-n junction formed between the p-epi and the source had a reverse breakdown voltage &amp;gt;15 V. Inversion of the channel was achieved for gate voltages above 6 V. The maximum transconductance was 5.4 μS mm−1 at a drain-source voltage of 5 V, comparable to the initial values reported for GaAs MOSFETs.
Asian Citrus Psyllid Feeding Behavior in Citrus Treated with Specific and Non-Specific dsRNA (2021)

The potential of RNA interference (RNAi) technology to control the Asian Citrus psyllid (ACP), vector of Huanglongbing (HLB), has been demonstrated in different publications. RNAi is a natural biological process that specifically down regulates the expression of a specific gene, being more environmentally friendly approach to control insects. We&acute;re interested to understand if the treatment of a plant with dsRNA could induce an ACP response. To evaluate if ACP sense the presence of a dsRNA (ACP-specific and non-specific) in plants, we set up free of choice experiments to examined psyllid response to dsRNA treated plants versus non-treated plants, to dsRNA-specific versus dsRNA non-specific and plants treated with two dsRNA-specific. Four groups of 4 plant flush each (2 of each treatment) were placed in each corner of a cage, and 50 ACP were release at the center. They were observed for 15 d, and the number of ACP on each flush recorded daily. Each experiment was repeated at least four times. No significant differences, using F-test analyses, was observed in ACP feeding preferences regarding the presence of dsRNA (p&lt; 0,05). These preliminary results suggest that psyllids appear not to be sensitive to dsRNA ingestion, as they may be for traditional chemical insecticides, thus were not repelled.
&lt;title&gt;New approach to diagnosis of pulmonary embolism using multislice CT&lt;/title&gt; (2001)

Suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common indication for CT scanning of the thorax. Usually, intravenous contrast agent is administered utilizing a power-injector and the vascular structures are examined for the presence of pulmonary emboli. Current Multi-Slice CT-technology allows extending this morphological analysis by adding a more functional visualization of the actual parenchymal perfusion disturbance. We have developed a new image processing technique which allows selective color encoded display of parenchymal enhancement of the lung, which will be reduced in the presence of PE. Based on thin slice reconstructions an automatic 3D segmentation of the lung is performed followed by threshold based extraction of the major airways and vascular structures. This allows applying an adaptive 3D low-pass filter to the parenchymal volume only. The filtered volume data are then color encoded and overlaid onto the original CT-images. This combination of low-resolution perfusion-weighted color maps and high-resolution gray scale structural data from the same data set greatly enhances visualization of spatial relationships. The resulting images can be displayed in axial, sagittal and coronal orientation. Initial experience indicates that this new technique provides relevant additional information for the clinical management of patients with proven PE. A larger controlled patient study is under way.
&lt;title&gt;Chemical monitors based on surface-enhanced raman scattering&lt;/title&gt; (1993)

This paper presents an overview of the development of chemical monitors using the surface- enhanced raman scattering (SERS) technique. The SERS effect is based on recent experimental observations, which have indicated enhancement of the Raman scattering efficiency by factors up to 10<SUP>8</SUP> when a compound is adsorbed on rough metallic surfaces having submicron protrusions. The focus of our research efforts is on the development of SERS-active sensors and instrumentation capable of field analysis and remote sensing.
Wideband patch antenna FED by printed meandering strip (2007)

Abstract A printed meandering strip (PMS) is proposed for feeding a patch antenna. It is demonstrated that the impedance matching of the antenna can be further improved by using a higher order PMS. A patch antenna fed by a first order meandering strip has an impedance bandwidth of 22% [standing wave ratio (SWR) &lt; 1.5], cross polarization level of less than −25 dB and a gain of 9 dBi. The measured impedance bandwidths of a second order PMS and a third order PMS are 12% (SWR &lt; 1.2) and 8% (SWR &lt; 1.1), respectively. They have an average gain of about 9 dBi and cross polarization levels are low in level. All measurements have been confirmed by simulation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 188–192, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23047
Improvement in the radio frequency method to pasteurise shell eggs by automation and cost reduction (2018)

Summary The existing radio frequency ( RF ) shell egg pasteurisation method, while 60% faster than the industrial hot water method, requires manual rotation of the eggs and expensive deionised water. Therefore, the RF pasteurisation equipment was redesigned to automate egg rotation and use inexpensive tap water. A two‐step process heated eggs for 6 min with RF and then for 15 min with 56.7 °C water. The 21‐min combination process reduced Salmonella Typhimurium in eggs by 6.1 log without affecting the appearance of the albumen, whereas processing with 56.7 °C water alone required 60 min to reduce Salmonella by 5.0 log and clouded the albumen. Angel food cakes made from 21 min RF eggs had significantly greater volumes ( P &lt; 0.0001) than those from 60‐min hot water eggs. The improved RF process produced better eggs and cakes than those from the industrial hot water process and is now commercially feasible.
Fundamental Design Issues of Brush Seals for Industrial Applications (2001)

Advanced seals have been applied to numerous turbine machines over the last decade to improve the performance and output. Industrial experiences have shown that significant benefits can be attained if the seals are designed and applied properly. On the other hand, penalties can be expected if brush seals are not designed correctly. In recent years, attempts have been made to apply brush seals to more challenging locations with high speed (&gt;400 m/s), high temperature (&gt;650 °C), and discontinuous contact surfaces, such as blade tips in a turbine. Various failure modes of a brush seal can be activated under these conditions. It becomes crucial to understand the physical behavior of a brush seal under the operating conditions, and to be capable of quantifying seal life and performance as functions of both operating parameters and seal design parameters. Design criteria are required for different failure modes such as stress, fatigue, creep, wear, oxidation etc. This paper illustrates some of the most important brush seal design criteria and the trade-off of different design approaches.
&lt;title&gt;Predefined object tracking method for video segmentation&lt;/title&gt; (1998)

In order to support the philosophy of the MPEG-4 video coding standard, we have to represent each frame of video sequences in terms of video object planes (VOPs). Several automatic methods for segmenting of moving objects have been developed. Such algorithms separate the foreground from the background with a change detection mask, which is obtained by the difference image between two successive frames. Thus, these techniques cannot represent each individual video object in a single frame separately, i.e., object correspondence problem. In addition, those algorithms are somewhat premature to obtain desirable segmentation results from all kinds of image sequences because the mathematical model or the similarity measure for the extraction of the video object has not been defined adequately. However, if the user can define video objects in the first frame or newly appeared video objects by a partially or completely user-assisted method like the snake's algorithm, we may obtain good segmentation results over the following successive frames. This semi-automatic segmentation may be more practical in generating VOPs of moving objects. In this paper, we propose a new user-assisted video segmentation algorithm. This algorithm consists of two steps: intra-frame segmentation and inter-frame segmentation. The intra-frame segmentation is applied to the first frame of the image sequence or the frames that have newly appeared video objects. The user can manually define the newly appeared video objects in the image sequence. The inter-frame segmentation is applied to the following consecutive frames. In the inter-frame segmentation, user-defined video objects are segmented automatically by object tracking.
Laser speckle micro rheology for micro-mechanical mapping of bio-materials(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Laser speckle Micro-rheology (LSM) is a novel optical tool for evaluating the viscoelastic properties of biomaterials. In LSM, a laser beam illuminates the specimen and scattered rays are collected through an objective by a high-speed CMOS camera. The self-interference of light rays forms a fluctuating speckle pattern captured by the CMOS sensor. Spatio-temporal correlation analysis of speckle images provides the intensity autocorrelation function, g2(t), for individual pixels. Next, the mean square displacements (MSD) of Brownian particles are deduced and substituted in the generalized Stokes-Einstein relation (GSER) to yield a 2D map of viscoelastic modulus, |G*(&omega;)|. To compare the accuracy, sensitivity, and dynamic range of LSM measurements with standard mechanical testing methods, homogeneous polyethylene glycol (PEG), agarose, and polyacrylamide (PA) gels, of assorted viscoelastic properties were fabricated and evaluated using LSM, shear rheology, and indentation-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results showed a statistically significant, strong correlation between G* values measured by LSM and shear rheology (R=0.94, p&lt;5x10-6) (|G*|: 30 Pa - 30 kPa at &omega; = 1 Hz). Likewise, strong correlation was observed between G* values measured by LSM and indentation moduli of AFM (R=0.94, p,0.05). Next, polyacrylamide substrates with micro-scale stiffness patterns were tested using LSM. The reconstructed |G*| maps illustrated the high sensitivity of LSM in resolving mechanical heterogeneities below 100 microns. These findings demonstrate the competent accuracy and sensitivity of LSM measurements. Moreover, the non-contact nature of LSM provides a major advantage over mechanical tests, making it suitable for in vivo studies in future.
FDSOI CMOS with dielectrically-isolated back gates and 30nm L&lt;inf&gt;G&lt;/inf&gt; high-&amp;#x03B3;/metal gate (2010)

We present a novel fully-depleted SOI CMOS technology with dielectrically-isolated polysilicon back gates, achieved by a double BOX substrate combined with dual-depth shallow trench isolation. CMOS devices down to 30nm gate length are fabricated with high-κ/metal gates. A novel isolation structure with liners is shown to achieve robust isolation between devices and back gates. Effective back gate control of CMOS V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> is demonstrated, which enables dual-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> design with power gating capability. Suppression of leakage and performance tolerances due to systematic process variations is discussed.
Bacteriophage LM33_P1, a fast-acting weapon against the pandemic ST131-O25b:H4<i>Escherichia coli</i>clonal complex (2016)

&lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Objectives&lt;/st&gt; Amongst the highly diverse &lt;it&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/it&gt; population, the ST131-O25b:H4 clonal complex is particularly worrisome as it is associated with a high level of antibiotic resistance. The lack of new antibiotics, the worldwide continuous increase of infections caused by MDR bacteria and the need for narrow-spectrum antimicrobial agents have revived interest in phage therapy. In this article, we describe a virulent bacteriophage, LM33_P1, which specifically infects O25b strains, and provide data related to its therapeutic potential. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Methods&lt;/st&gt; A large panel of &lt;it&gt;E. coli&lt;/it&gt; strains (&lt;it&gt;n&lt;/it&gt;&amp;hairsp;=&amp;hairsp;283) was used to assess both the specificity and the activity of bacteriophage LM33_P1. Immunology, biochemistry and genetics-based methods confirmed this specificity. Virology methods and sequencing were used to characterize this bacteriophage &lt;it&gt;in vitro&lt;/it&gt;, while three relevant mouse models were employed to show its &lt;it&gt;in vivo&lt;/it&gt; efficacy. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Results&lt;/st&gt; Bacteriophage LM33_P1 exclusively infects O25b &lt;it&gt;E. coli&lt;/it&gt; strains with a 70% coverage on sequence types associated with high antibiotic resistance (ST131 and ST69). This specificity is due to an interaction with the LPS mediated by an original tail fibre. LM33_P1 also has exceptional intrinsic properties with a high adsorption constant and produces over 300 virions per cell in &lt;10 min. Using animal pneumonia, septicaemia and urinary tract infection models, we showed the &lt;it&gt;in vivo&lt;/it&gt; efficacy of LM33_P1 to reduce the bacterial load in several organs. &lt;/sec&gt; &lt;sec&gt;&lt;st&gt;Conclusions&lt;/st&gt; Bacteriophage LM33_P1 represents the first weapon that specifically and quickly kills O25b &lt;it&gt;E. coli&lt;/it&gt; strains. Therapeutic approaches derived from this bacteriophage could be developed to stop or slow down the spread of the ST131-O25b:H4 drug-resistant clonal complex in humans. &lt;/sec&gt;