gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Switching cost minimization in the IEEE 802.16e mobile WiMAX sleep mode operation (2009)

Abstract To prolong the battery lifetime, it is important to continue designing a better energy efficient mechanism for different mobile technologies. Most of the existing works on the IEEE 802.16e sleep mode operation focus on the decision making before a mobile station switching to sleep mode state. The correlation of the decision is mainly on when and how to sleep based on the traffic demands. After the mobile station is switched to sleep mode, the deactivation of it mainly depends on new incoming traffic regardless of the actual amount. Truly, frequent switching can increase the energy cost on the mobile station, which can significantly reduce the battery lifetime. To minimize the switching frequency, we propose a novel approach to resolve this issue by making a heuristic decision during the listening interval. With this aim, we propose a real‐time heuristic algorithm, WAKSLP_DECISION , to accommodate our target. Three main decision criteria are analyzed and designed, namely the probability of buffer overflow, expected delay violation, and battery lifetime expiry, to achieve our goal. We verify the energy consumption performance with simulation experiments to validate our proposed scheme. The result shows that our scheme performs 25–30% better compared with the original standard in terms of energy consumption. We believe this algorithm is practical and implementable without changing the original standard, which can contribute both in the research community and industrial development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Stretchable Optical Fibers: Threads for Strain‐Sensitive Textiles (2017)

Soft, stretchable, sewable, and strain‐sensitive optical fibers are reported. Intrinsically stretchable optical waveguides capable of &gt;100% strain are formed by coating a commercially available elastic urethane fiber (“Stretch Magic”) with a silicone cladding having a lower refractive index. These 1–2 mm diameter fibers can be attached to textiles using a sewing machine. Because the attaching threads create microbends in the fiber, the sewn fibers are prestrained for monotonic intensity‐versus‐strain behavior. Installed in a stretchable piece of athletic tape, they detect strains originating from changing muscle shapes during weight‐bearing activity.
&lt;title&gt;Compression-molded three-dimensional tapered polymeric waveguides for low-loss optoelectronic packaging&lt;/title&gt; (1997)

We report for the first time, 3D tapered polymeric waveguides fabricated by the compression-molding technique. Compression-molded polymeric waveguides presented herein provide a feasible solution to bridge discrete optoelectronic devices having the apertures of a few microns to hundreds of microns in both horizontal and vertical directions. One-cm long tapered channel waveguides with the cross-sections of 5 micrometers X 5 micrometers at one end and 100 micrometers X 100 micrometers at the other end were fabricated. These polymeric channel waveguides have a propagation loss of 0.5 dB/cm when the 632.8 nm He-Ne laser light is coupled from the small end to the large end and of 1.1 dB/cm when coupled from the large end to the small end. By confining the energy to the fundamental mode, when coupling from large end to the small end, a low-loss packaging can be achieved bidirectionally.
&lt;title&gt;New approach to color-variable light-emitting devices based on conjugated polymers&lt;/title&gt; (1997)

Recently there have been reports on color variable light emitting devices. Here we present a new approach to such devices based on conjugated polymers. the device consists of a blend of pyridine-phenylene and thiophene-phenylene based copolymers sandwiched between two redox polymers: emeraldine base form of polyaniline and sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN). ITO and Al are used as electrodes. The devices work under either polarity of driving voltage with different colors of light being emitted from different locations, red from emitting polymer/SPAN interface under forward bias and green from bulk of the emitting polymers under reverse bias. Electroluminescence of the devices peak at 550 nm with a shoulder at 585 nm under reverse bias while they show a single peak at 665 nm under forward bias. The relative fast time response allows the rapid switch of colors and AC operation.
Hybrid covalent/ionic self-assembly of second order nonlinear optical films (2003)

Ionically self-assembled monolayer (ISAM) films spontaneously assemble with a noncentrosymmetric ordering that gives rise to a substantial second order nonlinear optical (NLO) response with exceptional temporal and thermal stability. Typically, polar ISAM films are made from two oppositely-charged polyelectrolytes with an ionic, conjugated NLO chromophore attached as a side-chain to one of the polymers. The second order susceptibility of such a system is diminished due to competing dipole alignment at opposing ends of each polyelectrolyte layer and by randomized chromophore orientation within thicker layers. Significant enhancements in NLO response have been achieved by replacing the NLO-active polyelectrolyte with a monomeric chromophore that has reactive functionality and ionic moieties on opposite ends of the molecule, as illustrated in Figure 1 for the case of Procion Red MX-5B [1]. The growth of multilayers through alternating mechanisms of covalent coupling and electrostatic adsorption results in highly polar chromophore ordering with χ(2) values as large as 30× 10−9 esu, fifteen times that of quartz. Variation of the solution pH allows one to turn the reactive coupling on and off, verifying the important role of the alternating adsorption mechanisms in producing a film with bulk polar order. Quadratic growth of the second harmonic generation (SHG) intensity with the number of layers demonstrates that the bulk polar order exists through large (&gt;50) numbers of bilayers. Since the solution cells, aqueous solutions, and glass susbtrates are all amorphous and exhibit negligible SHG, in situ SHG measurements allow real-time measurement of the growth of a single, polar monolayer onto the substrate from the solution. These measurements demonstrate that the covalent formation of the chromophore monolayer is complete in less than two minutes, allowing for relatively rapid buildup of thick multilayer films. In addition, we will discuss the effects of the glass-film and film-air interfaces on the observed SHG signals. Each of these produces a large SHG signal that causes a plot of the square root of the SHG versus the number of bilayers to intercept the ordinate axis well-above the origin but does not affect the slope of this plot, which determines χ(2). However, this does demonstrate that care must be taken in determining the χ(2) values of selfassembled films comprising small numbers of layers.
Phenothiazine photosensitizers for onium salt photoinitiated cationic polymerization (2001)

Abstract Phenothiazine compounds bearing a wide range of different substituents are excellent photosensitizers for onium salt cationic photoinitiators. These photosensitizers are generally operative in the mid‐ and long‐range regions of the UV spectrum and are especially useful for enhancing the rate of photoinitiated cationic polymerization carried out utilizing both filtered and broadband UV emission sources. In this article, the syntheses of several different substituted phenothiazines are described and the ability of these compounds to photosensitize the photolysis of different onium salt photoinitiators is evaluated. Attempts were made to correlate the structure and spectral characteristics of the phenothiazines with their efficiency of photosensitization in the cationic photopolymerizations of several typical epoxide and vinyl ether monomers. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1187–1197, 2001
Singlet delta oxygen kinetics in optically excited liquid oxygen (2004)

A kinetics model to describe the behavior of singlet delta O<sub>2</sub> in optically pumped liquid oxygen has been developed and tested against experimental data. The model was developed to study alternative methods of O<sub>2</sub>(a<sup>1</sup>&Delta;g) production for the Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL), and has been used in conjunction with experimental data to determine a value for the pooling rate constant in liquid oxygen of 1&plusmn; 0.5 x 10<sup>-17</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>molecule<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>.