gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extraordinary Oxygen Reduction Activity of Pt<sub>3</sub>Ni<sub>7</sub> (2010)

Nanostructured thin film catalysts (NSTF) with widely varying compositions of PtxMyNz (M, N = Ni, Co, Zr, Hf, Fe, Mn) have been evaluated for 0 &lt; x,y,z &lt; 1. The catalysts' activity for oxygen reduction (ORR) was measured in 50 cm2 fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies. PtxNiy was found to be unique in showing an extraordinarily sharp peak in ORR activity as a function of the as-made composition around x=3, y=7. This composition gave a corresponding fcc lattice parameter of 3.71 Angstroms and a grain size of 7.5 nm. Both surface area and specific activity increases contribute to the increased mass activity. The ORR mass activity of the Pt3Ni7 is 60% higher than for the NSTF standard Pt68Co29Mn3 alloy.
&lt;title&gt;Radar image sequence analysis of inhomogeneous water surfaces&lt;/title&gt; (1999)

The radar backscatter from the ocean surface, called sea clutter, is modulated by the surface wave field. A method was developed to estimate the near-surface current, the water depth and calibrated surface wave spectra from nautical radar image sequences. The algorithm is based on the three- dimensional Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) of the spatio- temporal sea clutter pattern in the wavenumber-frequency domain. The dispersion relation is used to define a filter to separate the spectral signal of the imaged waves from the background noise component caused by speckle noise. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) contains information about the significant wave height. The method has been proved to be reliable for the analysis of homogeneous water surfaces in offshore installations. Radar images are inhomogeneous because of the dependency of the image transfer function (ITF) on the azimuth angle between the wave propagation and the antenna viewing direction. The inhomogeneity of radar imaging is analyzed using image sequences of a homogeneous deep-water surface sampled by a ship-borne radar. Changing water depths in shallow-water regions induce horizontal gradients of the tidal current. Wave refraction occurs due to the spatial variability of the current and water depth. These areas cannot be investigated with the standard method. A new method, based on local wavenumber estimation with the multiple-signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm, is outlined. The MUSIC algorithm provides superior wavenumber resolution on local spatial scales. First results, retrieved from a radar image sequence taken from an installation at a coastal site, are presented.
Black Level Compensation for TVs Using HDR Dynamic Metadata (2022)

This paper proposes a high dynamic range (HDR) tone mastering system which dynamically corrects the picture quality based on dynamic metadata in various black level conditions to preserve the content providers&#x0027; creative intent. It permits compensating for the TV panel black level difference and preserving black and shadow details created by studios even though black levels vary across TV panels. The paper also describes a novel HDR image creative intent tuning system to match the content shown on target TV and reference TV. The results show that the proposed method can effectively compensate the black detail for different black levels.
A combinatorial immunotherapy for malignant brain tumors: D2C7 immunotoxin and immune checkpoint inhibitors. (2017)

102 Background: Immunotoxins can induce direct and rapid cytotoxicity by targeting specific tumor antigens. D2C7 is a unique recombinant immunotoxin targeting EGFRwt/EGFRvIII, two frequently overexpressed proteins on gliomas, and is currently being tested in a phase I/II clinical trial (NCT02303678) for recurrent malignant gliomas. Immunotoxins have also been shown to induce a secondary antitumor immune response via stimulation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Immune checkpoint inhibitors, which have successfully treated several advanced tumors by promoting the antitumor function of CTLs, may further enhance this immunotoxin-induced antitumor response. Thus, we hypothesize that combining D2C7 with immune checkpoint inhibitors will promote long-term tumor regression due to primary cytotoxicity and enhanced anti-tumor immunity. Methods: We developed a CT2A-mD2C7 mouse glioma cell line with robust in vitro cytotoxicity of D2C7 (IC 50 = 0.47 ng/mL). In vivo anti-tumor efficacy was evaluated by intratumoral injection of D2C7 combined with intraperitoneal injection of anti-CTLA4 or anti-PD1 antibodies in single-side and bilateral subcutaneous (SC) CT2A-mD2C7 glioma models in C57BL/6 immunocompetent mice. Results: In the single-side model, D2C7 monotherapy and combinatorial therapy showed a significant tumor growth delay (P &lt; 0.01). Complete regression ( ≥ 40%) was only observed in combinatorial therapy groups. All cured mice rejected the rechallenging of CT2A parental cells in the contralateral flank and the subsequent rechallenging of CT2A-mD2C7 cells in the brain. In the bilateral model, the larger right tumors were treated with D2C7/anti-CTLA4/anti-PD1 monotherapy or D2C7+anti-CTLA4/PD1 combinatorial therapy, while the left tumors were untreated by D2C7. In the groups where the right tumors were treated with monotherapy or combinatorial therapy, the left untreated tumors also grew much slower. Furthermore, the combinatorial therapy led to the most significantly delayed growth of the left untreated tumors (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Immune checkpoint inhibitors can enhance D2C7-induced anti-tumor immunity to achieve a synergistic long-term tumor regression.
20 Aurion study: 24-week data of multi-target therapy with voclosporin, mmf and steroids for active lupus nephritis (2017)

<h3>Background and Aims</h3> In lupus nephritis (LN), complete remission (CR) or partial remission is associated with better patient and renal survival. Subjects who do not achieve a 25% reduction in proteinuria within 8 weeks of starting induction immunosuppression are unlikely to achieve even a PR. Voclosporin (VCS) is a novel CNI demonstrating less pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic variability and a potentially improved safety profile compared with other CNIs. <h3>Methods</h3> Entry criteria renal biopsy within 24 months (Class III; IV-S, IV-G (A) or (A/C); V, III/V, IV/V, ISN/RPS); urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPCR) ≥1.0 mg/mg (III/IV) or UPCR ≥1.5 mg/mg (V); serologic evidence of active LN; and eGFR &gt;45 mL/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup>. AURION assessed the ability of biomarkers at 8 weeks to predict clinical response over 24 and 48 weeks when taking voclosporin (VCS) 23.7 mg po BID in combination with MMF (1–2 g/day) and reducing corticosteroid dose. We report 24 week data. <h3>Results</h3> In this study, 7/10 (70%) subjects achieved CR at 24 weeks. Of the 10 subjects that achieved a≥25% reduction in UPCR at 8 weeks, 80% were responders (61% reduction in UPCR over baseline) at 24 weeks. In addition, inflammatory markers such as C3, C4 and anti-dsDNA all continued to normalise to 24 weeks. Renal function remained stable. VCS was well-tolerated with no unexpected safety signals observed. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The results suggest that early response to therapy of VCS in combination with MMF may predict 24 week CR in the presence of low steroids in active LN. 48 week CR data will be presented at the meeting.
High-Reliability Lead-Free Solders for Automotive Electronics (2023)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Requirements for high-reliability lead-free solder alloys in automotive electronics are becoming more challenging as assembly designs require increased powder densities and miniaturization in combination with harsh operating conditions. Thermal cycling performance has been the primary factor for deciding on the suitability of a solder alloy for such applications. Solder joint reliability under thermal and mechanical stresses depends on the solder, packages, PCB, and assembly, including global and local CTE mismatch.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Automotive electronic assemblies for critical applications commonly require operational temperatures around 150&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C, while soldering temperatures need to be as low as possible (&amp;lt;250&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C). To resolve performance gaps in Sn-Ag-Cu solders for such applications, alloying additives can be used for: i) lowering the melting temperature, ii) improving creep properties, and iii) improving fatigue life. This is exemplified here by comparing a high reliability alloy, commonly known as “Innolot” and SAC305. This work reviews some of the aspects related to such board level accelerated reliability tests and discusses these experimental results in terms of alloy composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;title&gt;CMOS VLSI pilot and support chip for a liquid crystal on silicon 8x8 optical cross connect&lt;/title&gt; (2001)

With the explosion of Internet and multi-service traffic, telecommunication transport networks today are turning to Wavelength Division Multiplexing. Optical cross-connects (OXCs) allow flexible rerouting of wavelength channels. It has been shown that 2-D free-space beam deflection by nematic liquid crystal gratings provide a good solution for the realization of optical switches in OXCs. Operating in the telecom 1.5 micrometers wavelength region they serve as an active holographic element. Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCOS) combined with VLSI technologies allow the fabrication of large capacity, low cost and low consumption compact free-space switches. An N X N optical switch can be built by cascading two LCOS-based spatial light modulators (SLMs). The first part of the paper describes a circuit that provides the physical support as well as piloting circuitry for such SLMs. It is capable of piloting beams from a linear array of 8 incoming fibers towards a similar array of 8 outgoing fibers. The electrode command voltages are analog while the external interface as well as on-chip memory is digital. The chip has been implemented in a CMOS 0.5 (mu) process with 600,000 transistors while die size is 320 mm<SUP>2</SUP> (80 mm<SUP>2</SUP> active area).
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) Display a Risk and Senescence-Dependent MicroRNA (miRNA) Signature. (2006)

Abstract MDS comprise a spectrum of senescence-dependent stem cell malignancies with cytogenetic abnormalities characterized by segmental or numerical chromosome deletion or duplication. Accumulation of genetic events with age has been implicated in MDS pathogenesis. MiRNAs are short non-coding double-stranded RNAs that regulate the posttranscriptional gene expression. Expression profiling has shown that miRNA signatures are tumor specific and may have a role in leukemia pathogenesis. We hypothesized that altered regulation of miRNA expression in hematopoietic progenitors plays a critical role in the physiology of hematopoietic senescence and in MDS pathogenesis. To this end, we compared the miRNA microarray profile of MDS BM-MNC with normal controls, and validated differences by Northern blot and real-time RT-PCR. Twenty MDS patients (10 IPSS Low or Int-1 risk [LR], 10 Int-2 and high risk [HR]) and 20 normal controls (NC) (10 younger, ages 18–35 years [YC] and 10 older &gt;70 years [OC]) were investigated. Total RNA was extracted and 5 mg were labeled with biotin and used for microarray analysis on a miRNA chip (OSUCC 3rd generation). Arrays were normalized with Cyclic Loess (Bioconductor). Statistical comparisons were made using the Significance Analysis of Microarray (SAM) Excel plugin. MiRNA predictors and 10-fold cross-validation were computed with use of Prediction Analysis of Microarray (PAM). Fifty-six miRNAs were up-regulated and 8 down-regulated in HR MDS vs. LR MDS with a &gt;2 fold change and q value &lt;0.01 (false positive rate) indicating that miRNA over-expression is a common event in MDS and possibly implicated in disease progression. Results of PAM (predictor analysis of microarray) revealed that HR MDS and LR MDS could be segregated by miRNA profile. A signature consisting of seven up-regulated miRNAs correctly discriminated between HR and LR groups with a misclassification error of 0 (10-fold CV). All seven miRNAs in this signature belong to the miR-181 family, which play key roles in hematopoiesis. Furthermore, our studies show divergent miRNA profiles between HR MDS and normal controls (NC), with 117 up-regulated miRNAs and 12 downregulated in HR MDS (&gt;2-fold change, q&lt;0.01). A miRNA signature consisting of 15 up-regulated miRNAs correctly discriminates these two groups with a misclassification error of 0 (threshold of 4.6). LR MDS and NC samples had greater similarity and a larger number of miRNAs was needed for discrimination with misclassification error of 11.4%. Similar data were obtained in comparisons of OC with YC; however, several members of let-7 miRNA family implicated in the down-regulation of RAS were consistently down-regulated in OC. We conclude that miRNA up-regulation is a frequent event in MDS. Up-regulation of miR-181 is sufficient to discriminate between HR and LR disease. Down-regulation of let-7 miRNA with age suggests a possible role in age-related predisposition to myeloid malignancy.
Performance properties of oil‐soluble synthetic polyalkylene glycols (2012)

ABSTRACT Conventional polyalkylene glycols (PAGs) that are derived from the polymerization of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide provide many performance benefits such as excellent friction control, good low temperature properties, high viscosity indices and excellent deposit control. One limitation is their poor miscibility in hydrocarbon oils. A new range of oil‐soluble PAG base oils has been developed using butylene oxide as one of the precursors, and these provide superior miscibility in hydrocarbon base stocks. The new base oils offer many of the traditional advantages of PAGs such as high viscosity indices, good low temperature properties and good traction behaviour. In addition, they can be used as a co‐base oil or additive in hydrocarbon base stocks to improve deposit control and provide good film‐forming behaviour. Examples of their structure property relationships will be discussed and also aspects of how this technology may enable application expansion of PAGs in the future. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Persistent high density spectral holeburning in CaS:Eu and CaS:Eu,Sm phosphors (1998)

Persistent spectral hole-burning has been reported for singly, Eu-doped, and doubly, Eu- and Sm-doped, CaS phosphors. Efficient photon gated holeburning in the 4f7 (8S7/2)−4f65d1 transition of Eu2+ is a result of photoionization of Eu2+ to Eu3+. These holes have a width of &amp;lt;5 GHz (2 K), survive thermal cycling of the phosphor up to the room temperature, 300 K, and have no detectable deterioration over more than a day of storage time at low temperature (2 K). Although self-gated holeburning is observed with the reading laser at higher powers, the photon budget for reading these holes is so small that in excess of 1000 reading cycles can be performed without destroying the optical signal. The nature of holes burned by photon-gating is found to be very different from the self-gated holes. The characteristics for the holeburning are the same in singly and doubly doped phosphors, suggesting that under the conditions of our experiments, Sm traps do not play any significant role in spectral holeburning. Possibilities of high density optical memory storage using photon-gated holeburning in this THz broad transition are discussed.
Glass-panel &lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;Li neutron detector (2012)

We report on the development of a neutron detector utilizing solid enriched lithium, which has substantial neutron detection efficiency. The detector employs large, thin sheets of lithium in a gas-filled multi-wire proportional chamber (MWPC). Using low-cost design methods, readout electronics, and a small fraction of the already available enriched lithium available from Y-12/Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the amount of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He equivalent detection capability for nuclear non-proliferation activities can be greatly increased.
Optimization of Camera Spectral Sensitivities (2000)

In the evaluation and optimal design of digital camera spectral sensitivity (SS), it is useful to have a metric of goodness that agrees closely with the perceived color accuracy of human visual system. In this paper, Vora et al's &#x3BC;-factor based on the orthonormal color matching function space and a universal measure of goodness (UMG) based on CIE L*a*b* space with noise consideration were introduced to evaluate and optimize the camera spectral sensitivities. General physical constraints on spectral sensitivities were discussed in the paper and three feasible approaches to the optimal design of camera spectral sensitivities were proposed, compared and verified with simulated experiments.
Heavy metal ternary halides for room-temperature x-ray and gamma-ray detection (2013)

We report our recent progress on wide bandgap ternary halide compounds CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> and CsPbCl<sub>3</sub> for room temperature x-ray and gamma-ray detectors. Their bandgaps are measured to be 2.24 eV and 2.86 eV, respectively. The measured mobility-lifetime products of CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> are 1.7×10<sup>-3, </sup>1.3×10<sup>-3</sup> cm2/V, for electron and hole carriers, respectively, comparable to those of CdTe. We measured the room temperature spectral response of CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> sample to Ag x-ray radiation. It has a well-resolved spectral response to the 22.4 keV K<sub>&alpha;</sub> radiation peak and detector efficiency comparable to that of CdZnTe detector at 295 K.
Data from Suppression of Prostate Cancer Pathogenesis Using an MDA-9/Syntenin (SDCBP) PDZ1 Small-Molecule Inhibitor (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Metastasis is the primary determinant of death in patients with diverse solid tumors and MDA-9/Syntenin (SDCBP), a pro-metastatic and pro-angiogenic gene, contributes to this process. Recently, we documented that by physically interacting with IGF-1R, MDA-9/Syntenin activates STAT3 and regulates prostate cancer pathogenesis. These observations firmly established MDA-9/Syntenin as a potential molecular target in prostate cancer. MDA-9/Syntenin contains two highly homologous PDZ domains predicted to interact with a plethora of proteins, many of which are central to the cancerous process. An MDA-9/Syntenin PDZ1 domain-targeted small molecule (PDZ1i) was previously developed using fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) guided by NMR spectroscopy and was found to be well-tolerated &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, had significant half-life (&lt;i&gt;t&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1/2&lt;/sub&gt; = 9 hours) and displayed substantial anti-prostate cancer preclinical &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; activity. PDZ1i blocked tumor cell invasion and migration &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;, and metastasis &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Hence, we demonstrate that PDZ1i an MDA-9/Syntenin PDZ1 target-specific small-molecule inhibitor displays therapeutic potential for prostate and potentially other cancers expressing elevated levels of MDA-9/Syntenin.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Spiral Toolpaths for High-Speed Machining of 2D Pockets with or without\n Islands (2014)

We describe new methods for the construction of spiral toolpaths for\nhigh-speed machining. In the simplest case, our method takes a polygon as input\nand a number $\\delta&gt;0$ and returns a spiral starting at a central point in the\npolygon, going around towards the boundary while morphing to the shape of the\npolygon. The spiral consists of linear segments and circular arcs, it is $G^1$\ncontinuous, it has no self-intersections, and the distance from each point on\nthe spiral to each of the neighboring revolutions is at most $\\delta$. Our\nmethod has the advantage over previously described methods that it is easily\nadjustable to the case where there is an island in the polygon to be avoided by\nthe spiral. In that case, the spiral starts at the island and morphs the island\nto the outer boundary of the polygon. It is shown how to apply that method to\nmake significantly shorter spirals in polygons with no islands. Finally, we\nshow how to make a spiral in a polygon with multiple islands by connecting the\nislands into one island.\n
&lt;title&gt;Transform domain communication system as an ultra-wideband radar&lt;/title&gt; (2005)

Traditionally, ultra-wideband radars increase bandwidth by using shorter pulses. However, by decreasing the pulse width, the power on target decreases and radar detection probabilities decrease. Therefore, new approaches to increase bandwidth are needed that still have adequate power on target. One radical new approach is to use a Transform Domain Communication System (TDCS) as an ultra-wideband radar. The primary advantage of this technique is that it has properties similar to Gaussian noise meaning that the radar would improve bandwidth similar to pseudo-noise (PN) sequences. Also, based on the number of carriers used to generate the TDCS code, multiple pulses can be made mutually orthogonal. This orthogonality can be exploited to effectively increase the maximum unambiguous range for pulse-Doppler radars up to the range of the horizon. In essence, TDCS radar possesses a high pulse repetition frequency (PRF) for velocity estimation and large unambiguous range.
Assessing the mechanical anisotropy and hysteresis while cycling IOP of porcine eyes before and after CXL by noncontact optical coherence elastography (2017)

Diseases such as keratoconus can alter the orientation of collagen fibrils in the cornea. Moreover, therapeutic interventions such as UV-A/riboflavin corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) can alter the collagen fibril arrangement. Therefore, the anisotropic characteristics of the cornea can provide vital information about tissue integrity. In this work, we utilize noncontact elastic wave imaging optical coherence elastography (EWI-OCE) to assess the elastic anisotropy and hysteresis of in situ porcine corneas as various intraocular pressures (IOP). In addition, we evaluated the effects of CXL on the mechanical anisotropy and hysteresis. OCE measurements were made at stepped meridional angles, and a sliding window algorithm spatially mapped the elasticity. A modified planar anisotropy coefficient was utilized to quantify the elastic anisotropy of the corneas. The results show that the stiffness and elastic anisotropy of the corneas were significantly affected by CXL and IOP (P&lt;0.001), but the hysteresis was not significant (P&lt;0.05). Moreover, the changes in elasticity due to CXL were angle-dependent (P&lt;0.005). However, the changes in mechanical anisotropy from CXL were not angle-dependent (P&gt;0.05).
&lt;title&gt;Improved lifetime and efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes for applications in displays&lt;/title&gt; (1999)

Organic semiconductors have been intensively studied over the past decades. The potential of this new class of materials for photonic and electronic device applications is demonstrated by successful fabrication of organic and organic-on-inorganic heterostructures for electroluminescent devices, photodetectors, and microwave diodes. The fabrication technology of organic semiconductor devices for photonic applications is discussed. In contrast to spin-on or dipping techniques for fabrication of polymeric films, organic compounds with low molecular weight are sublimated under ultra high vacuum conditions. The organic molecular beam deposition technology employed allows the reproducible growth of complex layer sequences with a defined thickness of various organic semiconductors in combination with dielectric films, different metallizations, and indium-tin- oxide layers.
40nm Wavelength Tunable Gain-Switched Optical Comb Source (2011)

A 10GHz FSR optical comb, tunable over C-band with &lt;200KHz optical linewidth, based on an externally seeded gain-switched FP laser diode is presented. Doubling of comb lines is also achieved with a phase modulator.